{"pageNumber":"2094","pageRowStart":"52325","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184717,"records":[{"id":70037393,"text":"70037393 - 2009 - Factors influencing tropical island freshwater fishes:Species, status, and management implications in puerto rico [Factores que influencian a los peces tropicales de agua dulce: Especies, estado actual e implicaciones para el manejo en Puerto Rico]","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:10","indexId":"70037393","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1657,"text":"Fisheries","onlineIssn":"1548-8446","printIssn":"0363-2415","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors influencing tropical island freshwater fishes:Species, status, and management implications in puerto rico [Factores que influencian a los peces tropicales de agua dulce: Especies, estado actual e implicaciones para el manejo en Puerto Rico]","docAbstract":"Anthropogenic effects including river regulation, watershed development, contamination, and fish introductions have substantially affected the majority of freshwater habitats in Europe and North America. This pattern of resource development and degradation is widespread in the tropics, and often little is known about the resources before they are lost. This article describes the freshwater resources of Puerto Rico and identifies factors that threaten conservation of native fishes. The fishes found in freshwater habitats of Puerto Rico represent a moderately diverse assemblage composed of 14 orders, 29 families, and 82 species. There are fewer than 10 species of native peripherally-freshwater fish that require a link to marine systems. Introductions of nonindigenous species have greatly expanded fish diversity in freshwater systems, and native estuarine and marine species (18 families) also commonly enter lowland rivers and brackish lagoons. Environmental alterations, including land use and development, stream channelization, pollution, and the impoundment of rivers, combined with nonnative species introductions threaten the health and sustainability of aquatic resources in Puerto Rico. Six principal areas for attention that are important influences on the current and future status of the freshwater fish resources of Puerto Rico are identified and discussed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fisheries","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"Spanish","issn":"03632415","usgsCitation":"Wesley, N.J., Lilyestrom, C.G., and Kwak, T., 2009, Factors influencing tropical island freshwater fishes:Species, status, and management implications in puerto rico [Factores que influencian a los peces tropicales de agua dulce: Especies, estado actual e implicaciones para el manejo en Puerto Rico]: Fisheries, v. 34, no. 11, p. 546-554.","startPage":"546","endPage":"554","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245014,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ed0e4b0c8380cd5363d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wesley, Neal J.","contributorId":55667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wesley","given":"Neal","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lilyestrom, Craig G.","contributorId":54821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lilyestrom","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kwak, T.J.","contributorId":104236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwak","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70037394,"text":"70037394 - 2009 - Global distribution of bedrock exposures on Mars using THEMIS high-resolution thermal inertia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:10","indexId":"70037394","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Global distribution of bedrock exposures on Mars using THEMIS high-resolution thermal inertia","docAbstract":"We investigate high thermal inertia surfaces using the Mars Odyssey Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) nighttime temperature images (100 m/pixel spatial sampling). For this study, we interpret any pixel in a THEMIS image with a thermal inertia over 1200 J m<sup>-2</sup> K<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1/2</sup> as \"bedrock\" which represents either in situ rock exposures or rock-dominated surfaces. Three distinct morphologies, ranked from most to least common, are associated with these high thermal inertia surfaces: (1) valley and crater walls associated with mass wasting and high surface slope angles; (2) floors of craters with diameters &gt;25 km and containing melt or volcanics associated with larger, high-energy impacts; and (3) intercrater surfaces with compositions significantly more mafic than the surrounding regolith. In general, bedrock instances on Mars occur as small exposures (less than several square kilometers) situated in lower-albedo (&lt;0.18), moderate to high thermal inertia (&gt;350 J m<sup>-2</sup> K<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1/2</sup>), and relatively dust-free (dust cover index &lt;0.95) regions; however, there are instances that do not follow these generalizations. Most instances are concentrated in the southern highlands, with very few located at high latitudes (poleward of 45<sup>o</sup>N and 58<sup>o</sup>S), suggesting enhanced mechanical breakdown probably associated with permafrost. Overall, Mars has very little exposed bedrock with only 960 instances identified from 75<sup>o</sup>S to 75<sup>o</sup>N with likely &lt;3500 km<sup>2</sup> exposed, representing???1% of the total surface area. These data indicate that Mars has likely undergone large-scale surface processing and reworking, both chemically and mechanically, either destroying or masking a majority of the bedrock exposures on the planet. Copyright 2009 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2009JE003363","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Edwards, C., Bandfield, J., Christensen, P.R., and Fergason, R., 2009, Global distribution of bedrock exposures on Mars using THEMIS high-resolution thermal inertia: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 114, no. 11, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JE003363.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217098,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009JE003363"},{"id":245015,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-11-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2942e4b0c8380cd5a7da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edwards, C.S.","contributorId":35986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bandfield, J. L.","contributorId":59990,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bandfield","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Christensen, P. R.","contributorId":7819,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christensen","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fergason, R.L.","contributorId":13786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fergason","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70037494,"text":"70037494 - 2009 - Transient dwarfism of soil fauna during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:09","indexId":"70037494","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transient dwarfism of soil fauna during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum","docAbstract":"Soil organisms, as recorded by trace fossils in paleosols of the Willwood Formation, Wyoming, show significant body-size reductions and increased abundances during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). Paleobotanical, paleopedologic, and oxygen isotope studies indicate high temperatures during the PETM and sharp declines in precipitation compared with late Paleocene estimates. Insect and oligochaete burrows increase in abundance during the PETM, suggesting longer periods of soil development and improved drainage conditions. Crayfish burrows and molluscan body fossils, abundant below and above the PETM interval, are significantly less abundant during the PETM, likely because of drier floodplain conditions and lower water tables. Burrow diameters of the most abundant ichnofossils are 30-46% smaller within the PETM interval. As burrow size is a proxy for body size, significant reductions in burrow diameter suggest that their tracemakers were smaller bodied. Smaller body sizes may have resulted from higher subsurface temperatures, lower soil moisture conditions, or nutritionally deficient vegetation in the high-CO<sub>2</sub> atmosphere inferred for the PETM. Smaller soil fauna co-occur with dwarf mammal taxa during the PETM; thus, a common forcing mechanism may have selected for small size in both above- and below-ground terrestrial communities. We predict that soil fauna have already shown reductions in size over the last 150 years of increased atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> and surface temperatures or that they will exhibit this pattern over the next century. We retrodict also that soil fauna across the Permian-Triassic and Triassic-Jurassic boundary events show significant size decreases because of similar forcing mechanisms driven by rapid global warming.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1073/pnas.0909674106","issn":"00278424","usgsCitation":"Smith, J., Hasiotis, S., Kraus, M.J., and Woody, D., 2009, Transient dwarfism of soil fauna during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 106, no. 42, p. 17655-17660, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0909674106.","startPage":"17655","endPage":"17660","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476413,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2757401","text":"External Repository"},{"id":217095,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0909674106"},{"id":245011,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"42","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-10-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb6fbe4b08c986b326fa7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, J.J.","contributorId":106175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hasiotis, S.T.","contributorId":107020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hasiotis","given":"S.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kraus, M. J.","contributorId":44605,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kraus","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Woody, D.T.","contributorId":39207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woody","given":"D.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70037435,"text":"70037435 - 2009 - Patterns of forest succession and impacts of flood in the Upper Mississippi River floodplain ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:09","indexId":"70037435","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1452,"text":"Ecological Complexity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Patterns of forest succession and impacts of flood in the Upper Mississippi River floodplain ecosystem","docAbstract":"The widespread loss of oak-hickory forests and the impacts of flood have been major issues of ecological interest concerning forest succession in the Upper Mississippi River (UMR) floodplain. The data analysis from two comprehensive field surveys indicated that Quercus was one of the dominant genera in the UMR floodplain ecosystem prior to the 1993 flood and constituted 14% of the total number of trees and 28% of the total basal area. During the post-flood recovery period through 2006, Quercus demonstrated slower recovery rates in both the number of trees (4%) and basal area (17%). In the same period, Carya recovered greatly from the 1993 flood in terms of the number of trees (11%) and basal area (2%), compared to its minor status before the flood. Further analyses suggested that different species responded to the 1993 flood with varying tolerance and different succession strategies. In this study, the relation of flood-caused mortality rates and DBH, f<sub>m</sub>(d), can be expressed in negative exponential functions for each species. The results of this research also indicate that the growth functions are different for each species and might also be different between pre- and post-flood time periods. These functions indicate different survival strategies and emergent properties in responding to flood impacts. This research enhances our understanding of forest succession patterns in space and time in the UPR floodplain. And such understanding might be used to predict long-term impacts of floods on UMR floodplain forest dynamics in support of management and restoration. ?? 2009 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Complexity","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecocom.2009.08.004","issn":"1476945X","usgsCitation":"Yin, Y., Wu, Y., Bartell, S., and Cosgriff, R., 2009, Patterns of forest succession and impacts of flood in the Upper Mississippi River floodplain ecosystem: Ecological Complexity, v. 6, no. 4, p. 463-472, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecocom.2009.08.004.","startPage":"463","endPage":"472","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245234,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217299,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecocom.2009.08.004"}],"volume":"6","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a75d1e4b0c8380cd77d6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yin, Y.","contributorId":106228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yin","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wu, Y.","contributorId":79312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bartell, S.M.","contributorId":16247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartell","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cosgriff, R.","contributorId":79769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cosgriff","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70156677,"text":"70156677 - 2009 - Eruption-related lahars and sedimentation response downstream of Mount Hood: Field guide to volcaniclastic deposits along the Sandy River, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-11T10:38:22","indexId":"70156677","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Eruption-related lahars and sedimentation response downstream of Mount Hood: Field guide to volcaniclastic deposits along the Sandy River, Oregon","docAbstract":"<p><span>Late Holocene dome-building eruptions at Mount Hood during the Timberline and Old Maid eruptive periods resulted in numerous dome-collapse pyroclastic flows and lahars that moved large volumes of volcaniclastic sediment into temporary storage in headwater canyons of the Sandy River. During each eruptive period, accelerated sediment loading to the river through erosion and remobilization of volcanic fragmental debris resulted in very high sediment-transport rates in the Sandy River during rain- and snowmelt-induced floods. Large sediment loads in excess of the river's transport capacity led to channel aggradation, channel widening, and change to a braided channel form in the lowermost reach of the river, between 61 and 87 km downstream from the volcano. The post-eruption sediment load moved as a broad bed-material wave, which in the case of the Old Maid eruption took ~2 decades to crest 83 km downstream. Maximum post-eruption aggradation levels of at least 28 and 23 m were achieved in response to Timberline and Old Maid eruptions. In each case, downstream aggradation cycles were initiated by lahars, but the bulk of the aggradation was achieved by fluvial sediment transport and deposition. When the high rates of sediment supply began to diminish, the river degraded, incising the channel fills and forming progressively lower sets of degradational terraces. A variety of debris-flow, hyperconcentrated-flow, and fluvial (upper and lower flow regime) deposits record the downstream passage of the sediment waves that were initiated by these eruptions. The deposits also presage a hazard that may be faced by communities along the Sandy River when volcanic activity at Mount Hood resumes.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Volcanoes to vineyards: Geologic field trips through the dynamic landscape of the Pacific Northwest","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, Colorado","doi":"10.1130/2009.fld015(11)","usgsCitation":"Pierson, T.C., Scott, W.E., Vallance, J.W., and Pringle, P.T., 2009, Eruption-related lahars and sedimentation response downstream of Mount Hood: Field guide to volcaniclastic deposits along the Sandy River, Oregon, chap. <i>of</i> Volcanoes to vineyards: Geologic field trips through the dynamic landscape of the Pacific Northwest, p. 221-236, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.fld015(11).","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"221","endPage":"236","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307475,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Sandy River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.67333984374999,\n              45.298075138707965\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.9482421875,\n              45.298075138707965\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.9482421875,\n              45.6101948758674\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.67333984374999,\n              45.6101948758674\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.67333984374999,\n              45.298075138707965\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe8487e4b0824b2d1490b0","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"O’Connor, Jim oconnor@usgs.gov","contributorId":2350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Connor","given":"Jim","email":"oconnor@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":569931,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dorsey, Rebecca","contributorId":140302,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dorsey","given":"Rebecca","affiliations":[{"id":6604,"text":"University of Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":569932,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Madin, Ian","contributorId":83558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madin","given":"Ian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569933,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Pierson, Tom C.","contributorId":147018,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pierson","given":"Tom","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, William E. 0000-0001-8156-979X wescott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8156-979X","contributorId":1725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"William","email":"wescott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vallance, James W. 0000-0002-3083-5469 jvallance@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5469","contributorId":547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vallance","given":"James","email":"jvallance@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pringle, Patrick T.","contributorId":105744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pringle","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70037404,"text":"70037404 - 2009 - Landslide movement in southwest Colorado triggered by atmospheric tides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:09","indexId":"70037404","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2845,"text":"Nature Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landslide movement in southwest Colorado triggered by atmospheric tides","docAbstract":"Landslides are among the most hazardous of geological processes, causing thousands of casualties and damage on the order of billions of dollars annually. The movement of most landslides occurs along a discrete shear surface, and is triggered by a reduction in the frictional strength of the surface. Infiltration of water into the landslide from rainfall and snowmelt and ground motion from earthquakes are generally implicated in lowering the frictional strength of this surface. However, solid-Earth and ocean tides have recently been shown to trigger shear sliding in other processes, such as earthquakes and glacial motion. Here we use observations and numerical modelling to show that a similar processatmospheric tidescan trigger movement in an ongoing landslide. The Slumgullion landslide, located in the SanJuan Mountains of Colorado, shows daily movement, primarily during diurnal low tides of the atmosphere. According to our model, the tidal changes in air pressure cause air and water in the sediment pores to flow vertically, altering the frictional stress of the shear surface; upward fluid flow during periods of atmospheric low pressure is most conducive to sliding. We suggest that tidally modulated changes in shear strength may also affect the stability of other landslides, and that the rapid pressure variations associated with some fast-moving storm systems could trigger a similar response. ?? 2009 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature Geoscience","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/ngeo659","issn":"17520894","usgsCitation":"Schulz, W., Kean, J., and Wang, G., 2009, Landslide movement in southwest Colorado triggered by atmospheric tides: Nature Geoscience, v. 2, no. 12, p. 863-866, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo659.","startPage":"863","endPage":"866","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217153,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo659"},{"id":245074,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4430e4b0c8380cd66924","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schulz, W.H.","contributorId":61225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kean, J. W. 0000-0003-3089-0369","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3089-0369","contributorId":71679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kean","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wang, G.","contributorId":11034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70037403,"text":"70037403 - 2009 - Salinity tolerance and mycorrhizal responsiveness of native xeroriparian plants in semi-arid western USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:09","indexId":"70037403","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":846,"text":"Applied Soil Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Salinity tolerance and mycorrhizal responsiveness of native xeroriparian plants in semi-arid western USA","docAbstract":"Restoration of salt-affected soils is a global concern. In the western United States, restoration of salinized land, particularly in river valleys, often involves control of Tamarix, an introduced species with high salinity tolerance. Revegetation of hydrologically disconnected floodplains and terraces after Tamarix removal is often difficult because of limited knowledge regarding the salinity tolerance of candidate native species for revegetation. Additionally, Tamarix appears to be non-mycorrhizal. Extended occupation of Tamarix may deplete arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the soil, further decreasing the success of revegetation efforts. To address these issues, we screened 42 species, races, or ecotypes native to southwestern U.S. for salinity tolerance and mycorrhizal responsiveness. As expected, the taxa tested showed a wide range of responses to salinity and mycorrhizal fungi. This variation also occurred between ecotypes or races of the same species, indicating that seed collected from high-salinity reference systems is likely better adapted to harsh conditions than seed originating from less saline environments. All species tested had a positive or neutral response to mycorrhizal inoculation. We found no clear evidence that mycorrhizae increased salinity tolerance, but some species were so dependent on mycorrhizal fungi that they grew poorly at all salinity levels in pasteurized soil. ?? 2009 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Soil Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2009.07.004","issn":"09291393","usgsCitation":"Beauchamp, V., Walz, C., and Shafroth, P., 2009, Salinity tolerance and mycorrhizal responsiveness of native xeroriparian plants in semi-arid western USA: Applied Soil Ecology, v. 43, no. 2-3, p. 175-184, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2009.07.004.","startPage":"175","endPage":"184","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217152,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2009.07.004"},{"id":245073,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaff6e4b0c8380cd8786e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beauchamp, Vanessa B.","contributorId":76544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beauchamp","given":"Vanessa B.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":460905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walz, C.","contributorId":21793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walz","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shafroth, P.B.","contributorId":65041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafroth","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70037400,"text":"70037400 - 2009 - Rayleigh-wave mode separation by high-resolution linear radon transform","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:09","indexId":"70037400","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rayleigh-wave mode separation by high-resolution linear radon transform","docAbstract":"Multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) method is an effective tool for obtaining vertical shear wave profiles from a single non-invasive measurement. One key step of the MASW method is generation of a dispersion image and extraction of a reliable dispersion curve from raw multichannel shot records. Because different Rayleigh-wave modes normally interfere with each other in the time and space domain, it is necessary to perform mode separation and reconstruction to increase the accuracy of phase velocities determined from a dispersion image. In this paper, we demonstrate the effectiveness of high-resolution linear Radon transform (LRT) as a means of separating and reconstructing multimode, dispersive Rayleigh-wave energy. We first introduce high-resolution LRT methods and Rayleigh-wave mode separation using high-resolution LRT. Next, we use synthetic data and a real-world example to demonstrate the effectiveness of Rayleigh-wave mode separation using high-resolution LRT. Our synthetic and real-world results demonstrate that (1) high-resolution LRT successfully separates and reconstructs multimode dispersive Rayleigh-wave energy with high resolution allowing the multimode energy to be more accurately determined. The horizontal resolution of the Rayleigh-wave method can be increased by extraction of dispersion curves from a pair of traces in the mode-separated shot gather and (2) multimode separation and reconstruction expand the usable frequency range of higher mode dispersive energy, which increases the depth of investigation and provides a means for accurately determining cut-off frequencies. ?? 2009 The Authors Journal compilation ?? 2009 RAS.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04277.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Luo, Y., Xia, J., Miller, R., Xu, Y., Liu, J., and Liu, Q., 2009, Rayleigh-wave mode separation by high-resolution linear radon transform: Geophysical Journal International, v. 179, no. 1, p. 254-264, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04277.x.","startPage":"254","endPage":"264","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245101,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217179,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04277.x"}],"volume":"179","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a955fe4b0c8380cd81994","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luo, Y.","contributorId":28417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luo","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, R. D.","contributorId":92693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Xu, Y.","contributorId":47816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Liu, J.","contributorId":23672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Liu, Q.","contributorId":17827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70037398,"text":"70037398 - 2009 - Hydrologic control of nitrogen removal, storage, and export in a mountain stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-05T20:42:48.335062","indexId":"70037398","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic control of nitrogen removal, storage, and export in a mountain stream","docAbstract":"<p><span>Nutrient cycling and export in streams and rivers should vary with flow regime, yet most studies of stream nutrient transformation do not include hydrologic variability. We used a stable isotope tracer of nitrogen (</span><sup>15</sup><span>N) to measure nitrate (NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>) uptake, storage, and export in a mountain stream, Spring Creek, Idaho, U.S.A. We conducted two tracer tests of 2‐week duration during snowmelt and baseflow. Dissolved and particulate forms of&nbsp;</span><sup>15</sup><span>N were monitored over three seasons to test the hypothesis that stream N cycling would be dominated by export during floods, and storage during low flow. Floods exported more N than during baseflow conditions; however, snowmelt floods had higher than expected demand for NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;because of hyporheic exchange. residence times of benthic N during both tracer tests were longer than 100 d for ephemeral pools such as benthic algae and wood biofilms. Residence times were much longer in fine detritus, insects, and the particulate N from the hyporheic zone, showing that assimilation and hydrologic storage can be important mechanisms for retaining particulate N. Of the tracer N stored in the stream, the primary form of export was via seston during periods of high flows, produced by summer rainstorms or spring snowmelt the following year. Spring Creek is not necessarily a conduit for nutrients during high flow; hydrologic exchange between the stream and its valley represents an important storage mechanism.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Limnology and Oceanography","doi":"10.4319/lo.2009.54.6.2128","issn":"00243590","usgsCitation":"Hall, R., Baker, M.A., Arp, C., and Kocha, B., 2009, Hydrologic control of nitrogen removal, storage, and export in a mountain stream: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 54, no. 6, p. 2128-2142, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2009.54.6.2128.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"2128","endPage":"2142","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476314,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2009.54.6.2128","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":384202,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United  States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Spring Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.8955078125,\n              42.032974332441405\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.9619140625,\n              42.032974332441405\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.9619140625,\n              44.43377984606822\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.8955078125,\n              44.43377984606822\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.8955078125,\n              42.032974332441405\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"54","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-08-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a35a8e4b0c8380cd600e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, R.O.","contributorId":94890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"R.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baker, M. A.","contributorId":94849,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baker","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arp, C.D.","contributorId":54715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arp","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kocha, B.J.","contributorId":69818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kocha","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70037395,"text":"70037395 - 2009 - The 20th-century development and expansion of Louisiana shelf hypoxia, Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-07T14:37:53.298764","indexId":"70037395","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1742,"text":"Geo-Marine Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 20th-century development and expansion of Louisiana shelf hypoxia, Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"Since systematic measurements of Louisiana continental-shelf waters were initiated in 1985, hypoxia (oxygen content &lt;2 mg L<sup>-1</sup>) has increased considerably in an area termed the dead zone. Monitoring and modeling studies have concluded that the expansion of the Louisiana shelf dead zone is related to increased anthropogenically derived nutrient delivery from the Mississippi River drainage basin, physical and hydrographical changes of the Louisiana Shelf, and possibly coastal erosion of wetlands in southern Louisiana. In order to track the development and expansion of seasonal low-oxygen conditions on the Louisiana shelf prior to 1985, we used a specific low-oxygen foraminiferal faunal proxy, the PEB index, which has been shown statistically to represent the modern Louisiana hypoxia zone. We constructed a network of 13 PEB records with excess <sup>210</sup>Pb-derived chronologies to establish the development of low-oxygen and hypoxic conditions over a large portion of the modern dead zone for the last 100 years. The PEB index record indicates that areas of low-oxygen bottom water began to appear in the early 1910s in isolated hotspots near the Mississippi Delta and rapidly expanded across the entire Louisiana shelf beginning in the 1950s. Since ???1950, the percentage of PEB species has steadily increased over a large portion of the modern dead zone. By 1960, subsurface low-oxygen conditions were occurring seasonally over a large part of the geographic area now known as the dead zone. The long-term trends in the PEB index are consistent with the 20th-century observational and proxy data for low oxygen and hypoxia. ?? 2009 US Government.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00367-009-0158-2","usgsCitation":"Osterman, L., Poore, R., Swarzenski, P., Senn, D., and DiMarco, S.F., 2009, The 20th-century development and expansion of Louisiana shelf hypoxia, Gulf of Mexico: Geo-Marine Letters, v. 29, no. 6, p. 405-414, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00367-009-0158-2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"405","endPage":"414","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245046,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.10236111182375,\n              29.57870136527805\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.10236111182375,\n              27.344152892983175\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.41789316398751,\n              27.344152892983175\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.41789316398751,\n              29.57870136527805\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.10236111182375,\n              29.57870136527805\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-09-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba64ee4b08c986b321038","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Osterman, L.E.","contributorId":53836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osterman","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poore, R.Z.","contributorId":35314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poore","given":"R.Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swarzenski, P.W. 0000-0003-0116-0578","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":29487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"P.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Senn, D.B.","contributorId":37178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senn","given":"D.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"DiMarco, Steven F.","contributorId":15435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DiMarco","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70156481,"text":"70156481 - 2009 - Cutler Group alluvial, eolian, and marine deposystems: Permian facies relations and climatic variability in the Paradox Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-29T15:06:20.249917","indexId":"70156481","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Cutler Group alluvial, eolian, and marine deposystems: Permian facies relations and climatic variability in the Paradox Basin","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Paradox Basin revisited new developments in petroleum systems and basin analysis","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists","usgsCitation":"Dubiel, R.F., Huntoon, J.E., Stanesco, J.D., and Condon, S.M., 2009, Cutler Group alluvial, eolian, and marine deposystems: Permian facies relations and climatic variability in the Paradox Basin, chap. <i>of</i> The Paradox Basin revisited new developments in petroleum systems and basin analysis, p. 265-308.","productDescription":"44 p.","startPage":"265","endPage":"308","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-003970","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307186,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":391166,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://archives.datapages.com/data/rocky-mtn-geologist-pubs/data/005/005001/265_rmag-bk0050265.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, New Mexico, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Paradox Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -109.1656494140625,\n              37.01571219880126\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.841552734375,\n              36.87522650673951\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.9736328125,\n              37.23032838760387\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.01184082031249,\n              38.21660403859855\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.77264404296875,\n              38.65334327823747\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.115966796875,\n              38.71123253895224\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.478515625,\n              39.036252959636606\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.80810546875,\n              38.62545397209084\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.36865234374999,\n              37.79676317682161\n            ],\n            [\n            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G.","contributorId":146886,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moreland","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569292,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Dubiel, Russell F. 0000-0002-1280-0350 rdubiel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1280-0350","contributorId":1294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dubiel","given":"Russell","email":"rdubiel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huntoon, Jacqueline E.","contributorId":146883,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huntoon","given":"Jacqueline","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stanesco, John 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,{"id":70157124,"text":"70157124 - 2009 - The post-Mazama northwest rift zone eruption at Newberry Volcano, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-13T15:45:31","indexId":"70157124","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The post-Mazama northwest rift zone eruption at Newberry Volcano, Oregon","docAbstract":"<p><span>The northwest rift zone (NWRZ) eruption took place at Newberry Volcano ~7000 years ago after the volcano was mantled by tephra from the catastrophic eruption that destroyed Mount Mazama and produced the Crater Lake caldera. The NWRZ eruption produced multiple lava flows from a variety of vents including cinder cones, spatter vents, and fissures, possibly in more than one episode. Eruptive behaviors ranged from energetic Strombolian, which produced significant tephra plumes, to low-energy Hawaiian-style. This paper summarizes and in part reinterprets what is known about the eruption and presents information from new and ongoing studies. Total distance spanned by the eruption is 32 km north-south. The northernmost flow of the NWRZ blocked the Deschutes River upstream from the city of Bend, Oregon, and changed the course of the river. Renewed mafic activity in the region, particularly eruptions such as the NWRZ with tephra plumes and multiple lava flows from many vents, would have significant impacts for the residents of Bend and other central Oregon communities.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Volcanoes to vineyards: Geologic field trips through the dynamic landscape of the Pacific Northwest (GSA Field Guides 15)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/2009.fld015(05)","usgsCitation":"McKay, D., Donnelly-Nolan, J.M., Jensen, R.A., and Champion, D.E., 2009, The post-Mazama northwest rift zone eruption at Newberry Volcano, Oregon, chap. <i>of</i> Volcanoes to vineyards: Geologic field trips through the dynamic landscape of the Pacific Northwest (GSA Field Guides 15), v. 15, p. 91-110, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.fld015(05).","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"91","endPage":"110","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339708,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Newberry Volcano","volume":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f08e63e4b06911a29fa864","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"O’Connor, Jim oconnor@usgs.gov","contributorId":2350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Connor","given":"Jim","email":"oconnor@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":690965,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dorsey, Rebecca","contributorId":140302,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dorsey","given":"Rebecca","affiliations":[{"id":6604,"text":"University of Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":690966,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Madin, Ian","contributorId":83558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madin","given":"Ian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690967,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"McKay, Daniele","contributorId":30343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKay","given":"Daniele","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Donnelly-Nolan, Julie M. 0000-0001-8714-9606 jdnolan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8714-9606","contributorId":3271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donnelly-Nolan","given":"Julie","email":"jdnolan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jensen, Robert A.","contributorId":35469,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jensen","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7134,"text":"USFS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":690963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Champion, Duane E. 0000-0001-7854-9034 dchamp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7854-9034","contributorId":2912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Champion","given":"Duane","email":"dchamp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70156868,"text":"70156868 - 2009 - Mapping products of Titan's surface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-31T16:25:27","indexId":"70156868","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Mapping products of Titan's surface","docAbstract":"<p><span>Remote sensing instruments aboard the Cassini spacecraft have been observed the surface of Titan globally in the infrared and radar wavelength ranges as well as locally by the Huygens instruments revealing a wealth of new morphological features indicating a geologically active surface. We present a summary of mapping products of Titan's surface derived from data of the remote sensing instruments onboard the Cassini spacecraft (ISS, VIMS, RADAR) as well as the Huygens probe (DISR) that were achieved during the nominal Cassini mission including an overview of Titan's recent nomenclature.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Titan from Cassini-Huygens","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4020-9215-2_19","usgsCitation":"Stephan, K., Jaumann, R., Karkoschka, E., Barnes, J.W., Tomasko, M.G., Turtle, E.P., Le Corre, L., Langhans, M., Le Mouelic, S., Lorenz, R.D., and Perry, J., 2009, Mapping products of Titan's surface, chap. <i>of</i> Titan from Cassini-Huygens, p. 489-510, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9215-2_19.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"489","endPage":"510","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307759,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560bb6cae4b058f706e53d55","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Brown, Robert H.","contributorId":147246,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570885,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lebreton, Jean-Pierre","contributorId":147247,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lebreton","given":"Jean-Pierre","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570886,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Stephan, Katrin","contributorId":147248,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stephan","given":"Katrin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jaumann, Ralf","contributorId":147249,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaumann","given":"Ralf","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Karkoschka, Erich","contributorId":147250,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karkoschka","given":"Erich","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barnes, Jason W.","contributorId":147251,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barnes","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tomasko, Martin G.","contributorId":147252,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tomasko","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Turtle, Elizabeth P.","contributorId":45443,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Turtle","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Le Corre, Lucille","contributorId":66578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Le Corre","given":"Lucille","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Langhans, Mirjam","contributorId":147253,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Langhans","given":"Mirjam","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Le Mouelic, Stephane","contributorId":147254,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Le Mouelic","given":"Stephane","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Lorenz, Ralf D.","contributorId":147255,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lorenz","given":"Ralf","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Perry, Jason","contributorId":147256,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perry","given":"Jason","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70138826,"text":"70138826 - 2009 - Estuarine Ecology of Juvenile Salmon in Western Alaska: a Review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-01-28T10:10:01","indexId":"70138826","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Estuarine Ecology of Juvenile Salmon in Western Alaska: a Review","docAbstract":"<p>In the late 1990s and early 2000s, large declines in numbers of chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta and Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha returning to the Arctic-YukonKuskokwim (AYK) region (Alaska, USA) illuminated the need for an improved understanding of the variables controlling salmon abundance at all life stages. In addressing questions about salmon abundance, large gaps in our knowledge of basic salmon life history and the critical early marine life stage were revealed. In this paper, results from studies conducted on the estuarine ecology of juvenile salmon in western Alaska are summarized and compared, emphasizing timing and distribution during outmigration, environmental conditions, age and growth, feeding, and energy content of salmon smolts. In western Alaska, water temperature dramatically changes with season, ranging from 0&deg;C after ice melt in late spring/early summer to 19&deg;C in July. Juvenile salmon were found in AYK estuaries from early May until August or September, but to date no information is available on their residence duration or survival probability. Chum salmon were the most abundant juvenile salmon reported, ranging in percent catch from &lt;0.1% to 4.7% and most research effort has focused on this species. Abundances of Chinook salmon, sockeye salmon O. nerka, and pink salmon O. gorbuscha varied among estuaries, while coho salmon O. kisutch juveniles were consistently rare, never amounting to more than 0.8% of the catch. Dietary composition of juvenile salmon was highly variable and a shift was commonly reported from epibenthic and neustonic prey in lower salinity water to pelagic prey in higher salinity water. Gaps in the knowledge of AYK salmon estuarine ecology are still evident. For example, data on outmigration patterns and residence timing and duration, rearing conditions and their effect on diet, growth, and survival are often completely lacking or available only for few selected years and sites. Filling gaps in knowledge concerning salmon use and survival in estuarine and near-shore habitats within the AYK region will aid in assessing the relative roles of all habitats (freshwater to marine) in controlling salmon abundance.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Fisheries Society Symposium","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","usgsCitation":"Zimmerman, C.E., and Hillgruber, N., 2009, Estuarine Ecology of Juvenile Salmon in Western Alaska: a Review, chap. <i>of</i> American Fisheries Society Symposium, v. 70, p. 183-199.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"183","endPage":"199","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-013915","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":309999,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":70158983,"text":"70158983 - 2009 - Monitoring and assessing trail conditions at Acadia National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-08T15:55:49.406962","indexId":"70158983","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"18","title":"Monitoring and assessing trail conditions at Acadia National Park","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Parks and people: Managing outdoor recreation at Acadia National Park","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Vermont Press ; University Press of New England","publisherLocation":"Burlington, Vt.; Hanover, N.H.","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1xx9bkn.23","usgsCitation":"Marion, J.L., Wimpey, J., and Park, L., 2009, Monitoring and assessing trail conditions at Acadia 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":577142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wimpey, Jeremy","contributorId":41953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wimpey","given":"Jeremy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Park, Logan","contributorId":149169,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Park","given":"Logan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70196103,"text":"70196103 - 2009 - 18. Arctostaphylos Adanson, Fam. Pl. 2: 165. 1763.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T10:26:30","indexId":"70196103","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"18. Arctostaphylos Adanson, Fam. Pl. 2: 165. 1763.","docAbstract":"<p><i>Arctostaphylos</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>is richly diverse and taxonomically challenging. Unequivocal fossils appear as far back as the middle Miocene. Many pulses of diversification and decimation may have taken place in the genus since then; evidence suggests that there has been a rapid radiation in the last 1.5 million years. Some morphological features are not clearly differentiated among taxa and appear to be mosaically distributed.</span></p><p><span>Multiple lines of evidence suggest that&nbsp;<i>Arctostaphylos</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>is a terminal branch within Arbutoideae.<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Arctous</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>is treated here as a separate genus, as it is likely sister to<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Arctostaphylos</i><span>. Only one species of<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Arctostaphylos, A. uva-ursi</i><span>, is found outside of western North America, Mexico, and Guatemala. Taxa are concentrated within the California Floristic Province (southern Oregon to northern Baja California, Mexico) with the greatest diversity along the central California coast, where over half of the taxa are found. Along the immediate California coastline, most<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Arctostaphylos</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>species are found within vegetation strongly influenced by summer fog, either within maritime chaparral, as a forest-edge species, or as part of a closed-cone conifer woodland and forest. Away from the coast,<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Arctostaphylos</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>species are distributed to the desert edge in chaparral woodlands and forests.</span></span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Flora of North America","language":"English","publisher":"eFloras","usgsCitation":"Parker, V.T., Vasey, M.C., and Keeley, J.E., 2009, 18. Arctostaphylos Adanson, Fam. Pl. 2: 165. 1763., chap. <i>of</i> Flora of North America, v. 8, p. 406-406.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"406","endPage":"406","ipdsId":"IP-095995","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352637,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=102495"},{"id":352655,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"North America","volume":"8","publicComments":"This publication is a section (taxon ID 102495) of <i>Volume 8: Magnoliophyta: Paeoniaceae to Ericaceae</i>, of the <i>Flora of North America</i> reference series. ","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afefaa4e4b0da30c1bfca44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parker, V. Thomas","contributorId":167557,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parker","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"Thomas","affiliations":[{"id":24748,"text":"San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":731362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vasey, Michael C.","contributorId":167558,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vasey","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":24748,"text":"San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":731363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":731361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70148354,"text":"70148354 - 2009 - Linking human impacts within an estuary to ebb-tidal delta evolution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-29T09:44:19","indexId":"70148354","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linking human impacts within an estuary to ebb-tidal delta evolution","docAbstract":"<p>San Francisco Bay, California, USA is among the most anthropogenically altered estuaries in the entire United States, but the impact on sediment transport to the coastal ocean has not been quantified. Analysis of four historic bathymetric surveys has revealed large changes to the morphology of the San Francisco Bar, an ebb-tidal delta at the mouth of the San Francisco Bay. From 1873 to 2005 the bar eroded an average of 80 cm, which equates to a total volume loss of 100 + 65 x 10<sup>6</sup> m<sup>3</sup> of sediment. Comparison of the surveys indicates the entire ebb delta has contracted radially while its crest has moved landward an average of 1 km. Compilation of historic records reveals that 130 x 106 m<sup>3</sup> of sediment has been permanently removed from the San Francisco Bay and adjacent coastal ocean. Constriction of the bar is hypothesized to be from a decrease in sediment supply from San Francisco Bay, a reduction in the tidal prism of the estuary, and/or a reduction in the input of hydraulic mining debris. Changes to the morphology of the San Francisco Bar have likely altered wave refraction and focusing patterns on adjacent beaches and may be a factor in persistent beach erosion occurring in the area.</p>","conferenceTitle":"10th International Coastal Symposium","conferenceDate":"April 13-18, 2009","conferenceLocation":"Lisbon, Portugal","language":"English","publisher":"Coastal Education and Research Foundation","usgsCitation":"Dallas, K.L., and Barnard, P.L., 2009, Linking human impacts within an estuary to ebb-tidal delta evolution: Journal of Coastal Research, no. 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,{"id":70164330,"text":"70164330 - 2009 - Identification guide to skates (Family Rajidae) of the Canadian Atlantic and adjacent regions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-01T11:25:34","indexId":"70164330","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"2850","subseriesTitle":"Candian technical report of fisheries and aquatic sciences","title":"Identification guide to skates (Family Rajidae) of the Canadian Atlantic and adjacent regions","docAbstract":"<p>Ecosystem-based management requires sound information on the distribution and abundance of species both common and rare. Therefore, the accurate identification for all marine species has assumed a much greater importance. The identification of many skate species is difficult as several are easily confused and has been found to be problematic in both survey data and fisheries data collection. Identification guides, in combination with training and periodic validation of taxonomic information, improve our accuracy in monitoring data required for ecosystem-based management and monitoring of populations. This guide offers a comparative synthesis of skate species known to occur in Atlantic Canada and adjacent regions. The taxonomic nomenclature and descriptions of key morphological features are based on the most up-to-date understanding of diversity among these species. Although this information will aid the user in accurate identification, some features vary geographically (such as colour) and others with life stage (most notably the proportion of tail length to body length; the presence of spines either sharper in juveniles or in some cases not yet present; and also increases in the number of tooth rows as species grow into maturity). Additional information on juvenile features are needed to facilitate problematic identifications (e.g. L. erinacea vs. L. ocellata). Information on size at maturity is still required for many of these species throughout their geographic distribution.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada","usgsCitation":"Sulak, K.J., MacWhirter, P.D., Luke, K., Norem, A., Miller, J., Cooper, J., and Harris, L., 2009, Identification guide to skates (Family Rajidae) of the Canadian Atlantic and adjacent regions, viii, 34 p.","productDescription":"viii, 34 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":316386,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b08fe0e4b010e2af2a5ddc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sulak, Kenneth J. 0000-0002-4795-9310 ksulak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4795-9310","contributorId":2217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sulak","given":"Kenneth","email":"ksulak@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"MacWhirter, P. D.","contributorId":156252,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"MacWhirter","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luke, K.E.","contributorId":106347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luke","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Norem, A.D.","contributorId":20576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norem","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miller, J.M.","contributorId":88219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cooper, J.A.","contributorId":57005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Harris, L.E.","contributorId":70476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70189970,"text":"70189970 - 2009 - Otters, Marine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-30T11:31:14","indexId":"70189970","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Otters, Marine","docAbstract":"<p>The otters (Mustelidae; Lutrinae) provide an exceptional perspective into the evolution of marine living by mammals. Most extant marine mammals (e.g. the cetaceans, pinnipeds, and sirenians) have been so highly modified by long periods of selection for life in the sea that they bear little resemblance to their terrestrial ancestors. Marine otters, in contrast, are more recent expatriates from freshwater habitats and some species still live in both environments. Contrasts among species within the otters, and among the otters, terrestrial mammals, and the more highly adapted pinnipeds and cetaceans provide powerful insights into mammalian adaptations to life in the sea (Estes, 1989). Among the marine mammals, sea otters (<i>Enhydra lutris</i>, Fig. 1) provide the clearest understanding of consumer-induced effects on ecosystem function. This is due in part to opportunities provided by history and in part to the relative ease with which shallow coastal systems where sea otters live can be observed and studied. Although more difficult to study than sea otters, other otter species reveal the connectivity among the marine, freshwater, and terrestrial systems. These three qualities of the otters – their comparative biology, their role as predators, and their role as agents of ecosystem connectivity – are what make them interesting to marine mammalogy.</p><p>The following account provides a broad overview of the comparative biology and ecology of the otters, with particular emphasis on those species or populations that live in the sea. Sea otters are features prominently, in part because they live exclusively in the sea whereas other otters have obligate associations with freshwater and terrestrial environments (Kenyon, 1969; Riedman and Estes, 1990).</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Encyclopedia of marine mammals (second edition)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherland","isbn":"978-0-12-373553-9","usgsCitation":"Estes, J.A., Bodkin, J.L., and Ben-David, M., 2009, Otters, Marine, chap. <i>of</i> Encyclopedia of marine mammals (second edition), p. 807-816.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"807","endPage":"816","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344443,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":344442,"rank":2,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70189969","text":"First edition of this publication"},{"id":344441,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.elsevier.com/books/encyclopedia-of-marine-mammals/wursig/978-0-12-373553-9"}],"edition":"Second","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"597ef01fe4b0a38ca2774b0a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Perrin, William F.","contributorId":47298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perrin","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706937,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wursing, Bernd","contributorId":149340,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wursing","given":"Bernd","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706938,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thewissen, J.G.M.","contributorId":119190,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thewissen","given":"J.G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706939,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Estes, James A. jim_estes@usgs.gov","contributorId":53325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"James","email":"jim_estes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":706940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ben-David, M.","contributorId":11563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ben-David","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70148355,"text":"70148355 - 2009 - Littoral transport rates in the Santa Barbara Littoral Cell: a process-based model analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-29T09:29:03","indexId":"70148355","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Littoral transport rates in the Santa Barbara Littoral Cell: a process-based model analysis","docAbstract":"<p>Identification of the sediment transport patterns and pathways is essential for sustainable coastal zone management of the heavily modified coastline of Santa Barbara and Ventura County (California, USA). A process-based model application, based on Delft3D Online Morphology, is used to investigate the littoral transport potential along the Santa Barbara Littoral Cell (between Point Conception and Mugu Canyon). An advanced optimalization procedure is applied to enable annual sediment transport computations by reducing the ocean wave climate in 10 wave height - direction classes. Modeled littoral transport rates compare well with observed dredging volumes, and erosion or sedimentation hotspots coincide with the modeled divergence and convergence of the transport gradients. Sediment transport rates are strongly dependent on the alongshore variation in wave height due to wave sheltering, diffraction and focusing by the Northern Channel Islands, and the local orientation of the geologically-controlled coastline. Local transport gradients exceed the net eastward littoral transport, and are considered a primary driver for hot-spot erosion.</p>","conferenceTitle":"10th International Coastal Symposium","conferenceDate":"April 13-18, 2009","conferenceLocation":"Lisbon, Portugal","language":"English","publisher":"Coastal Education and Research Foundation","usgsCitation":"Elias, E.P., Barnard, P.L., and Brocatus, J., 2009, Littoral transport rates in the Santa Barbara Littoral Cell: a process-based model analysis: Journal of Coastal Research, no. Special Issue 56, p. 947-951.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"947","endPage":"951","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-010918","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300910,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":300906,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.cerf-jcr.org/index.php/international-coastal-symposium/ics-2009portugal/1328-littoral-transport-rates-in-the-santa-barbara-littoral-cell-a-process-based-model-analysis-epl-elias-pl-barnard-and-j-brocatus"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Santa Barbara Littoral Cell","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.41702270507812,\n              34.453350878522286\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.23162841796875,\n              34.472599425831355\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.12725830078125,\n              34.47373155509983\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.08605957031249,\n              34.46127728843705\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.05447387695311,\n              34.46467409091155\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.01121520996094,\n              34.46099421532544\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.9604034423828,\n              34.43862840686652\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.9483871459961,\n              34.43466422118617\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.91577148437499,\n              34.43409789359469\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.87869262695312,\n              34.40804267622734\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.84230041503906,\n              34.40464357107097\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.83646392822266,\n              34.41569015785019\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.78942871093749,\n              34.418239163003484\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.72351074218749,\n              34.39671178864245\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.70016479492188,\n              34.39671178864245\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.67475891113281,\n              34.415973384481866\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.60266113281249,\n              34.420504880133834\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.55665588378905,\n              34.414840472199934\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.51408386230469,\n              34.38821261603411\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.48387145996094,\n              34.38197934098774\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.388427734375,\n              34.3207552752374\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.36782836914061,\n              34.32188946052673\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.32388305664064,\n              34.28331856338139\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.28268432617188,\n              34.27253823511796\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.26963806152344,\n              34.252676117101515\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.26551818847656,\n              34.22826766646368\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.22706604003905,\n              34.156136287732515\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.31015014648438,\n              34.0833745509365\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.55871582031251,\n              34.21180215769026\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.70840454101561,\n              34.252676117101515\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.39916992187499,\n              34.250405862125\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.41702270507812,\n              34.453350878522286\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","issue":"Special Issue 56","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55698de3e4b0d9246a9f64a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elias, E. P. L.","contributorId":140983,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elias","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"P. L.","affiliations":[{"id":12474,"text":"Deltares, Netherlands","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnard, Patrick L. 0000-0003-1414-6476 pbarnard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1414-6476","contributorId":140982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnard","given":"Patrick","email":"pbarnard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brocatus, John","contributorId":66800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocatus","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70147915,"text":"70147915 - 2009 - Grassland bird associations with introduced and native grass Conservation Reserve Program fields in the Southern High Plains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-08T10:42:14","indexId":"70147915","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Grassland bird associations with introduced and native grass Conservation Reserve Program fields in the Southern High Plains","docAbstract":"<p><span>We examined relative abundances of grassland birds among Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) fields seeded with 2 monocultures of introduced grass species and 2 mixes of native grasses in the Southern High Plains of Texas. We assessed bird compositions among these 4 cover types and between the cover types pooled into categories of introduced and native fields. Breeding season bird diversity and total abundance did not differ among cover types or between introduced and native fields. Grasshopper Sparrows (</span><i>Ammodramus savannarum</i><span>), Cassin's Sparrows (</span><i>Aimophila cassinii</i><span>), and Western Meadowlarks (</span><i>Sturnella neglecta</i><span>) accounted for more than 90% of breeding season detections. Grasshopper Sparrows were the most abundant and found in all cover types. Cassin's Sparrows were 38% to 170% more abundant among the native seed mix without buffalograss (</span><i>Buchlo&euml; dactyloides</i><span>) compared to 3 other cover types. Although this association was statistically lost when cover types were pooled into introduced or native fields (</span><i>U</i><span>&nbsp;= 93.5,&nbsp;</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;= 0.91), the species was still 50% more abundant among native CRP than introduced CRP fields. Meadowlarks occurred ubiquitously but at very low numbers during the breeding season. During winter, avian abundance was 44% greater among native CRP than introduced CRP fields. Meadowlarks, Homed Larks (</span><i>Eremophila alpestris</i><span>), and Savannah Sparrows (</span><i>Passerculus sandwichensis</i><span>) accounted for 94% of all winter detections. Meadowlarks occurred ubiquitously, but Horned Larks and Savannah Sparrows were 157% and 96% more abundant, respectively, among native CRP than introduced CRP fields. Our data suggest that monocultures of introduced grasses may benefit some bird species but also that native seed mixes may have a more positive influence through increased diversity and abundance of grassland birds. However, pooling cover types into the broader categories of introduced or native grasses may dampen or occlude biologically meaningful results. It may be prudent to avoid broad categorization of CRP fields based solely on native or introduced grass cover when assessing habitat associations of grassland birds.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Monte Beam Life Science Mueseum","doi":"10.3398/064.069.0408","usgsCitation":"Thompson, T.R., Boal, C.W., and Lucia, D., 2009, Grassland bird associations with introduced and native grass Conservation Reserve Program fields in the Southern High Plains: Western North American Naturalist, v. 69, no. 4, p. 481-490, https://doi.org/10.3398/064.069.0408.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"481","endPage":"490","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-010112","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488354,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/wnan/vol69/iss4/8","text":"External Repository"},{"id":300178,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Southern High Plains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -103.0078125,\n              31.80289258670676\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.0078125,\n              36.50963615733049\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.39306640625,\n              36.50963615733049\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.39306640625,\n              31.80289258670676\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.0078125,\n              31.80289258670676\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"69","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"554dde2de4b082ec54129f26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, Thomas R.","contributorId":105896,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thompson","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boal, Clint W. 0000-0001-6008-8911 cboal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6008-8911","contributorId":1909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boal","given":"Clint","email":"cboal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lucia, Duane","contributorId":140642,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lucia","given":"Duane","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70198244,"text":"70198244 - 2009 - The July-August 2008 hydrovolcanic eruption of Okmok Volcano, Umnak Island, Alaska ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-22T12:06:06","indexId":"70198244","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5785,"text":"Alaska Geological Society Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The July-August 2008 hydrovolcanic eruption of Okmok Volcano, Umnak Island, Alaska ","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Alaska Geological Society","usgsCitation":"Neal, C.A., Larsen, J.F., and Schaefer, J., 2009, The July-August 2008 hydrovolcanic eruption of Okmok Volcano, Umnak Island, Alaska : Alaska Geological Society Newsletter, v. 39, no. 5, p. 1-3.","productDescription":"3 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]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98ba46e4b0702d0e84533a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neal, Christina A. 0000-0002-7697-7825 tneal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7697-7825","contributorId":639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neal","given":"Christina","email":"tneal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":740715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larsen, Jessica F.","contributorId":200930,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Larsen","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schaefer, Janet","contributorId":199547,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schaefer","given":"Janet","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70043880,"text":"70043880 - 2009 - Task 1: Whole-body concentrations of elements in kelp bass (<i>Paralabrax clathratus</i>), kelp rockfish (<i>Sebastes atrovirens</i>), and Pacific sanddab (<i>Citharichthys sordidus</i>) from offshore oil platforms and natural areas in the Southern California Bight","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-10T12:18:22","indexId":"70043880","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Task 1: Whole-body concentrations of elements in kelp bass (<i>Paralabrax clathratus</i>), kelp rockfish (<i>Sebastes atrovirens</i>), and Pacific sanddab (<i>Citharichthys sordidus</i>) from offshore oil platforms and natural areas in the Southern California Bight","docAbstract":"<p>Resource managers are concerned that offshore oil platforms in the Southern California Bight may be contributing to environmental contaminants accumulated by marine fishes. To examine this possibility, 18 kelp bass (<i>Paralabrax clathratus</i>), 80 kelp rockfish (<i>Sebastes atrovirens</i>), and 98 Pacific sanddab (<i>Citharichthys sordidus</i>) were collected from five offshore oil platforms and 10 natural areas during 2005-2006 for whole-body analysis of 63 elements. The natural areas, which served as reference sites, were assumed to be relatively uninfluenced by contaminants originating from platforms. Forty-two elements were excluded from statistical comparisons for one of three reasons: they consisted of major cations that were unlikely to accumulate to potentially toxic concentrations under ambient exposure conditions; they were not detected by the analytical procedures; or they were detected at concentrations too low to yield reliable quantitative measurements. The remaining 21 elements consisted of aluminum, arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, gallium, iron, lead, lithium, manganese, mercury, nickel, rubidium, selenium, strontium, tin, titanium, vanadium, and zinc. Statistical comparisons of these 21 elements indicated that none consistently exhibited higher concentrations at oil platforms than at natural areas. Eight comparisons yielded significant interaction effects between total length (TL) of the fish and the two habitat types (oil platforms and natural areas). This indicated that relations between certain elemental concentrations (i.e., copper, rubidium, selenium, tin, titanium, and vanadium) and habitat type varied by TL of affected fish species. To better understand these interactions, we examined elemental concentrations in very small and very large individuals of affected species. Although significant interactions were detected for rubidium, tin, and selenium in kelp rockfish, the concentrations of these elements did not differ significantly between oil platforms and natural areas over the TL range of sampled fish. However, for selenium, titanium, and vanadium in Pacific sanddab, small individuals (average TL, 13.0 cm) exhibited significantly lower concentrations at oil platforms than at natural areas, whereas large individuals (average TL, 27.5 cm) exhibited higher concentrations at oil platforms than at natural areas. For copper in Pacific sanddab, small individuals did not exhibit differences between oil platforms and natural areas, whereas large individuals exhibited significantly higher concentrations at oil platforms than at natural areas. On the other hand, for tin in Pacific sanddab, small individuals did not exhibit differences between oil platforms and natural areas, whereas large individuals exhibited significantly lower concentrations at oil platforms than at natural areas. Although concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, and selenium in fishes from some platforms and natural areas equaled or exceeded literature-based toxicity thresholds for fish and fish-eating wildlife, studies are still needed to document evidence of toxicity from these elements. When estimates of elemental concentrations in skinless fillets were compared to risk-based consumption limits for humans, the concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and tin in fish from a mix of oil platforms and natural areas were sufficiently elevated to suggest a need for further study of inorganic arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and tributyltin.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Reproductive ecology and body burden of resident fish prior to decomissioning","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Minerals Management Service, Pacific OCS Region","usgsCitation":"Love, M.S., 2009, Task 1: Whole-body concentrations of elements in kelp bass (<i>Paralabrax clathratus</i>), kelp rockfish (<i>Sebastes atrovirens</i>), and Pacific sanddab (<i>Citharichthys sordidus</i>) from offshore oil platforms and natural areas in the Southern California Bight, 32 p.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"32","ipdsId":"IP-017308","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332611,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Southern California ","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.66284179687499,\n              32.54681317351514\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.04284667968749,\n              32.54681317351514\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.04284667968749,\n              34.161818161230386\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.66284179687499,\n              34.161818161230386\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.66284179687499,\n              32.54681317351514\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publicComments":"OCS Study; MMS 2009-019","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5864dd58e4b0cd2dabe7c1f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Love, Milton S.","contributorId":117818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"Milton","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":516895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034885,"text":"70034885 - 2009 - Analytical modeling of gravity changes and crustal deformation at volcanoes: The Long Valley caldera, California, case study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-10T07:39:17","indexId":"70034885","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analytical modeling of gravity changes and crustal deformation at volcanoes: The Long Valley caldera, California, case study","docAbstract":"<p><span>Joint measurements of ground deformation and micro-gravity changes are an indispensable component for any volcano monitoring strategy. A number of analytical mathematical models are available in the literature that can be used to fit geodetic data and infer source location, depth and density. Bootstrap statistical methods allow estimations of the range of the inferred parameters. Although analytical models often assume that the crust is elastic, homogenous and isotropic, they can take into account different source geometries, the influence of topography, and gravity background noise. The careful use of analytical models, together with high quality data sets, can produce valuable insights into the nature of the deformation/gravity source. Here we present a review of various modeling methods, and use the historical unrest at Long Valley caldera (California) from 1982 to 1999 to illustrate the practical application of analytical modeling and bootstrap to constrain the source of unrest. A key question is whether the unrest at Long Valley since the late 1970s can be explained without calling upon an intrusion of magma. The answer, apparently, is no. Our modeling indicates that the inflation source is a slightly tilted prolate ellipsoid (dip angle between 91° and 105°) at a depth of 6.5 to 7.9&nbsp;km beneath the caldera resurgent dome with an aspect ratio between 0.44 and 0.60, a volume change from 0.161 to 0.173&nbsp;km</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;and a density of 1241 to 2093&nbsp;kg/m</span><sup>3</sup><span>. The larger uncertainty of the density estimate reflects the higher noise of gravity measurements. These results are consistent with the intrusion of silicic magma with a significant amount of volatiles beneath the caldera resurgent dome.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2008.09.040","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Battaglia, M., and Hill, D., 2009, Analytical modeling of gravity changes and crustal deformation at volcanoes: The Long Valley caldera, California, case study: Tectonophysics, v. 471, no. 1-2, p. 45-57, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2008.09.040.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"57","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243558,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215735,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2008.09.040"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Mono County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.91258239746092,\n              37.70229391925025\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.64891052246092,\n              37.70229391925025\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.64891052246092,\n              37.769629187677\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.91258239746092,\n              37.769629187677\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.91258239746092,\n              37.70229391925025\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"471","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb6ce4b0c8380cd48dbd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Battaglia, Maurizio","contributorId":32602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglia","given":"Maurizio","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, D.P.","contributorId":27432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70188015,"text":"70188015 - 2009 - A case of timely satellite image acquisitions in support of coastal emergency environmental response management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-26T13:16:31","indexId":"70188015","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A case of timely satellite image acquisitions in support of coastal emergency environmental response management","docAbstract":"<p><span>The synergistic application of optical and radar satellite imagery improves emergency response and advance coastal monitoring from the realm of “opportunistic” to that of “strategic.” As illustrated by the Hurricane Ike example, synthetic aperture radar imaging capabilities are clearly applicable for emergency response operations, but they are also relevant to emergency environmental management. Integrated with optical monitoring, the nearly real-time availability of synthetic aperture radar provides superior consistency in status and trends monitoring and enhanced information concerning causal forces of change that are critical to coastal resource sustainability, including flooding extent, depth, and frequency.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Coastal Education and Research Foundation","doi":"10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-09-00012.1","usgsCitation":"Ramsey, E., Werle, D., Lu, Z., Rangoonwala, A., and Suzuoki, Y., 2009, A case of timely satellite image acquisitions in support of coastal emergency environmental response management: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 25, no. 5, p. 1168-1172, https://doi.org/10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-09-00012.1.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1168","endPage":"1172","ipdsId":"IP-012236","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341804,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59293e9ae4b016f7a9407728","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ramsey, Elijah W. III 0000-0002-4518-5796","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4518-5796","contributorId":72769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsey","given":"Elijah W.","suffix":"III","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":696182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Werle, Dirk","contributorId":82167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werle","given":"Dirk","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lu, Zhong 0000-0001-9181-1818 lu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9181-1818","contributorId":901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Zhong","email":"lu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":696184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rangoonwala, Amina 0000-0002-0556-0598 rangoonwalaa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0556-0598","contributorId":3455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rangoonwala","given":"Amina","email":"rangoonwalaa@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Suzuoki, Yukihiro","contributorId":25283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suzuoki","given":"Yukihiro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
]}