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","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Adams, N., and Counihan, T., 2009, Survival and migration behavior of juvenile salmonids at McNary Dam, 2007, 209 p.","productDescription":"209 p.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332591,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"McNary dam ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.40284729003906,\n 45.92870710966921\n ],\n [\n -119.29779052734375,\n 45.95496879511337\n ],\n [\n -119.2181396484375,\n 45.95305927379983\n ],\n [\n -119.18792724609375,\n 45.94351068030587\n ],\n [\n -119.18792724609375,\n 45.91867663909007\n ],\n [\n -119.28131103515625,\n 45.92631906688105\n ],\n [\n -119.40765380859375,\n 45.90338862522072\n ],\n [\n -119.40284729003906,\n 45.92870710966921\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5864dd58e4b0cd2dabe7c1f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, N.S.","contributorId":93175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"N.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Counihan, T.D.","contributorId":9789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Counihan","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70034976,"text":"70034976 - 2009 - Dietary flexibility in three representative waterbirds across salinity and depth gradients in salt ponds of San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-27T10:55:45","indexId":"70034976","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dietary flexibility in three representative waterbirds across salinity and depth gradients in salt ponds of San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"Salt evaporation ponds have existed in San Francisco Bay, California, for more than a century. In the past decade, most of the salt ponds have been retired from production and purchased for resource conservation with a focus on tidal marsh restoration. However, large numbers of waterbirds are found in salt ponds, especially during migration and wintering periods. The value of these hypersaline wetlands for waterbirds is not well understood, including how different avian foraging guilds use invertebrate prey resources at different salinities and depths. The aim of this study was to investigate the dietary flexibility of waterbirds by examining the population number and diet of three feeding guilds across a salinity and depth gradient in former salt ponds of the Napa-Sonoma Marshes. Although total invertebrate biomass and species richness were greater in low than high salinity salt ponds, waterbirds fed in ponds that ranged from low (20 g l−1) to very high salinities (250 g l−1). American avocets (surface sweeper) foraged in shallow areas at pond edges and consumed a wide range of prey types (8) including seeds at low salinity, but preferred brine flies at mid salinity (40–80 g l−1). Western sandpipers (prober) focused on exposed edges and shoal habitats and consumed only a few prey types (2–4) at both low and mid salinities. Suitable depths for foraging were greatest for ruddy ducks (diving benthivore) that consumed a wide variety of invertebrate taxa (5) at low salinity, but focused on fewer prey (3) at mid salinity. We found few brine shrimp, common in higher salinity waters, in the digestive tracts of any of these species. Dietary flexibility allows different guilds to use ponds across a range of salinities, but their foraging extent is limited by available water depths.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10750-009-9743-7","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Takekawa, J.Y., Miles, A., Tsao-Melcer, D.C., Schoellhamer, D., Fregien, S., and Athearn, N., 2009, Dietary flexibility in three representative waterbirds across salinity and depth gradients in salt ponds of San Francisco Bay: Hydrobiologia, v. 626, no. 1, p. 155-168, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-009-9743-7.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"155","endPage":"168","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":215682,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-009-9743-7"},{"id":243503,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"626","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-02-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00dfe4b0c8380cd4f97e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":448659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miles, A.K. 0000-0002-3108-808X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3108-808X","contributorId":85902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miles","given":"A.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tsao-Melcer, D. C.","contributorId":74589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tsao-Melcer","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schoellhamer, D. H. 0000-0001-9488-7340","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":85624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"D. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fregien, S.","contributorId":67318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fregien","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Athearn, N.D.","contributorId":86958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Athearn","given":"N.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70034151,"text":"70034151 - 2009 - Effects of megascale eruptions on Earth and Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:45","indexId":"70034151","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of megascale eruptions on Earth and Mars","docAbstract":"Volcanic features are common on geologically active earthlike planets. Megascale or \"super\" eruptions involving >1000 Gt of magma have occurred on both Earth and Mars in the geologically recent past, introducing prodigious volumes of ash and volcanic gases into the atmosphere. Here we discuss felsic (explosive) and mafi c (flood lava) supereruptions and their potential atmospheric and environmental effects on both planets. On Earth, felsic supereruptions recur on average about every 100-200,000 years and our present knowledge of the 73.5 ka Toba eruption implies that such events can have the potential to be catastrophic to human civilization. A future eruption of this type may require an unprecedented response from humankind to assure the continuation of civilization as we know it. Mafi c supereruptions have resulted in atmospheric injection of volcanic gases (especially SO2) and may have played a part in punctuating the history of life on Earth. The contrast between the more sustained effects of flood basalt eruptions (decades to centuries) and the near-instantaneous effects of large impacts (months to years) is worthy of more detailed study than has been completed to date. Products of mafi c supereruptions, signifi cantly larger than known from the geologic record on Earth, are well preserved on Mars. The volatile emissions from these eruptions most likely had global dispersal, but the effects may not have been outside what Mars endures even in the absence of volcanic eruptions. This is testament to the extreme variability of the current Martian atmosphere: situations that would be considered catastrophic on Earth are the norm on Mars. ?? 2009 The Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2009.453(04)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Thordarson, T., Rampino, M., Keszthelyi, L.P., and Self, S., 2009, Effects of megascale eruptions on Earth and Mars: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 453, p. 37-53, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.453(04).","startPage":"37","endPage":"53","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244609,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216723,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2009.453(04)"}],"issue":"453","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a075be4b0c8380cd51664","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thordarson, T.","contributorId":94501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thordarson","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rampino, M.","contributorId":72618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rampino","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keszthelyi, L. P.","contributorId":9291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keszthelyi","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Self, S.","contributorId":101821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Self","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70035019,"text":"70035019 - 2009 - Predicting fractional bed load transport rates: Application of the Wilcock‐Crowe equations to a regulated gravel bed river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T14:11:13","indexId":"70035019","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting fractional bed load transport rates: Application of the Wilcock‐Crowe equations to a regulated gravel bed river","docAbstract":"Bed load samples from four locations in the Trinity River of northern California are analyzed to evaluate the performance of the Wilcock‐Crowe bed load transport equations for predicting fractional bed load transport rates. Bed surface particles become smaller and the fraction of sand on the bed increases with distance downstream from Lewiston Dam. The dimensionless reference shear stress for the mean bed particle size (τ*rm) is largest near the dam, but varies relatively little between the more downstream locations. The relation between τ*rm and the reference shear stresses for other size fractions is constant across all locations. Total bed load transport rates predicted with the Wilcock‐Crowe equations are within a factor of 2 of sampled transport rates for 68% of all samples. The Wilcock‐Crowe equations nonetheless consistently under‐predict the transport of particles larger than 128 mm, frequently by more than an order of magnitude. Accurate prediction of the transport rates of the largest particles is important for models in which the evolution of the surface grain size distribution determines subsequent bed load transport rates. Values of τ*rm estimated from bed load samples are up to 50% larger than those predicted with the Wilcock‐Crowe equations, and sampled bed load transport approximates equal mobility across a wider range of grain sizes than is implied by the equations. Modifications to the Wilcock‐Crowe equation for determining τ*rm and the hiding function used to scale τ*rm to other grain size fractions are proposed to achieve the best fit to observed bed load transport in the Trinity River.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2008WR007320","usgsCitation":"Gaeuman, D., Andrews, E., Krause, A., and Smith, W., 2009, Predicting fractional bed load transport rates: Application of the Wilcock‐Crowe equations to a regulated gravel bed river: Water Resources Research, v. 45, no. 6, Article W06409; 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2008WR007320.","productDescription":"Article W06409; 15 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243251,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81b5e4b0c8380cd7b6b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gaeuman, David","contributorId":59890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaeuman","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andrews, E.D.","contributorId":13922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krause, Andreas","contributorId":138662,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krause","given":"Andreas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12483,"text":"ETH Zurich","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":448908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Wes","contributorId":74322,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Wes","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70035018,"text":"70035018 - 2009 - Ultraviolet absorbance as a proxy for total dissolved mercury in streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-05T08:54:20","indexId":"70035018","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ultraviolet absorbance as a proxy for total dissolved mercury in streams","docAbstract":"Stream water samples were collected over a range of hydrologic and seasonal conditions at three forested watersheds in the northeastern USA. Samples were analyzed for dissolved total mercury (THgd), DOC concentration and DOC composition, and UV254 absorbance across the three sites over different seasons and flow conditions. Pooling data from all sites, we found a strong positive correlation of THgd to DOC (r2 = 0.87), but progressively stronger correlations of THgd with the hydrophobic acid fraction (HPOA) of DOC (r2 = 0.91) and with UV254 absorbance (r2 = 0.92). The strength of the UV254 absorbance-THgd relationship suggests that optical properties associated with dissolved organic matter may be excellent proxies for THgd concentration in these streams. Ease of sample collection and analysis, the potential application of in-situ optical sensors, and the possibility for intensive monitoring over the hydrograph make this an effective, inexpensive approach to estimate THgd flux in drainage waters.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2009.01.031","issn":"02697491","usgsCitation":"Dittman, J., Shanley, J.B., Driscoll, C.T., Aiken, G., Chalmers, A., and Towse, J., 2009, Ultraviolet absorbance as a proxy for total dissolved mercury in streams: Environmental Pollution, v. 157, no. 6, p. 1953-1956, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2009.01.031.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1953","endPage":"1956","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243250,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215443,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2009.01.031"}],"volume":"157","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbc0be4b08c986b3289c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dittman, J.A.","contributorId":67745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dittman","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shanley, J. B.","contributorId":52226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Driscoll, C. T.","contributorId":47530,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Driscoll","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aiken, G. R. 0000-0001-8454-0984","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":14452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"G. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chalmers, A.T. 0000-0002-5199-8080","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5199-8080","contributorId":63576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chalmers","given":"A.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Towse, J.E.","contributorId":46788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Towse","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70034974,"text":"70034974 - 2009 - Decline in bloater fecundity in Southern Lake Michigan after decline of Diporeia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:39","indexId":"70034974","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Decline in bloater fecundity in Southern Lake Michigan after decline of Diporeia","docAbstract":"Population fecundity can vary through time, sometimes owing to changes in adult condition. Consideration of these fecundity changes can improve understanding of recruitment variation. Herein, we estimated fecundity of Lake Michigan bloater Coregonus hoyi during December 2005 and February 2006. Bloater recruitment has been highly variable from 1962 to present, and consistently poor since 1992. We compared our fecundity vs. weight regression to a previously published regression that used fish sampled in October 1969. We wanted to develop a new regression for two reasons. First, it should be more accurate because it uses fish collected closer to spawning, thus minimizing the potential for atresia (egg reabsorption) which could bias fecundity high. Second, we hypothesized that fecundity would be lower in 2006 because adult condition was 41% lower in 2006 compared to 1969, likely owing to the decline of Diporeia spp, a primary prey for bloater. Although the slope of the fecundity versus weight regression was similar between the years, fecundity was 24% lower in 2006 than in 1969 for bloater weighing between 70 and 240??g. Whether this was the result of the difference in sampling time prior to spawning or of differences in condition is unknown. We also found no relationship between maternal size and mature oocyte size. Incorporating our updated fecundity regression into a stock/recruit model failed to improve the model fit, indicating that the low bloater recruitment that has been observed since the early 1990s is not solely the result of reduced fecundity. ?? 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2008.11.001","issn":"03801330","usgsCitation":"Bunnell, D., David, S., and Madenjian, C., 2009, Decline in bloater fecundity in Southern Lake Michigan after decline of Diporeia: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 35, no. 1, p. 45-49, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2008.11.001.","startPage":"45","endPage":"49","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243501,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215681,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2008.11.001"}],"volume":"35","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe09e4b0c8380cd4eaa6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bunnell, D.B.","contributorId":8610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunnell","given":"D.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"David, S.R.","contributorId":79327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"David","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Madenjian, C.P.","contributorId":64175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"C.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034970,"text":"70034970 - 2009 - Coalbed methane: Clean energy for the world","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:40","indexId":"70034970","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2943,"text":"Oilfield Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coalbed methane: Clean energy for the world","docAbstract":"Coalbed methane (CBM) has the potential to emerge as a significant clean energy resource. It also has the potential to replace other diminishing hydrocarbon reserves. The latest developments in technologies and methodologies are playing a key role in harnessing this unconventional resource. Some of these developments include adaptations of existing technologies used in conventional oil and gas generations, while others include new applications designed specifically to address coal's unique properties. Completion techniques have been developed that cause less damage to the production mechanisms of coal seams, such as those occurring during cementing operations. Stimulation fluids have also been engineered specifically to enhance CBM production. Deep coal deposits that remain inaccessible by conventional mining operations offer CBM development opportunities.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oilfield Review","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"09231730","usgsCitation":"Ahmed, A., Johnston, S., Boyer, C., Lambert, S., Bustos, O., Pashin, J., and Wray, A., 2009, Coalbed methane: Clean energy for the world: Oilfield Review, v. 21, no. 2, p. 4-13.","startPage":"4","endPage":"13","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243434,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f76fe4b0c8380cd4cb02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ahmed, A.-J.","contributorId":78166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahmed","given":"A.-J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnston, S.","contributorId":18465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boyer, C.","contributorId":37559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyer","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lambert, S.W.","contributorId":88577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lambert","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bustos, O.A.","contributorId":40823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bustos","given":"O.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pashin, J.C.","contributorId":41897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pashin","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wray, A.","contributorId":33941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wray","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70034969,"text":"70034969 - 2009 - Plasma biochemistry values in emperor geese (Chen canagica) in Alaska: Comparisons among age, sex, incubation, and molt","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-04T15:33:15.27626","indexId":"70034969","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2514,"text":"Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Plasma biochemistry values in emperor geese (Chen canagica) in Alaska: Comparisons among age, sex, incubation, and molt","title":"Plasma biochemistry values in emperor geese (Chen canagica) in Alaska: Comparisons among age, sex, incubation, and molt","docAbstract":"Reduced populations of emperor geese (Chen canagica), a Bering Sea endemic, provided the need to assess plasma biochemistry values as indicators of population health. A precursory step to such an investigation was to evaluate patterns of variability in plasma biochemistry values among age, sex, and reproductive period. Plasma from 63 emperor geese was collected on their breeding grounds on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta in western Alaska, USA. The geese sampled included 18 incubating adult females captured, in mid June, on their nests by using bow nets, and 30 adults and 15 goslings captured in corral traps in late July and early August, when the adults were molting their wing feathers and the goslings were 5–6 weeks old. Plasma was evaluated for 15 biochemical parameters, by comparing results among age, sex, and sampling period (incubation versus wing-feather molt). Ten of the 15 biochemical parameters assayed differed among adults during incubation, the adults during molt, and the goslings at molt, whereas sex differences were noted in few parameters.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Zoo Veterinarians","doi":"10.1638/2008-0172.1","usgsCitation":"Franson, J., Hoffman, D.J., and Schmutz, J.A., 2009, Plasma biochemistry values in emperor geese (Chen canagica) in Alaska: Comparisons among age, sex, incubation, and molt: Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, v. 40, no. 2, p. 321-327, https://doi.org/10.1638/2008-0172.1.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"321","endPage":"327","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243401,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kashunuk River, Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -165.55032564350068,\n 61.38294415502912\n ],\n [\n -165.55032564350068,\n 61.316608410088804\n ],\n [\n -165.40614537165993,\n 61.316608410088804\n ],\n [\n -165.40614537165993,\n 61.38294415502912\n ],\n [\n -165.55032564350068,\n 61.38294415502912\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"40","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7c0be4b0c8380cd7977e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Franson, J. Christian 0000-0002-0251-4238 jfranson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-4238","contributorId":127740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franson","given":"J. Christian","email":"jfranson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":448631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffman, D. J.","contributorId":12801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":448630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034446,"text":"70034446 - 2009 - Carbon cycling under 300 years of land use change: importance of the secondary vegetation sink","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-07T10:58:59","indexId":"70034446","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1836,"text":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon cycling under 300 years of land use change: importance of the secondary vegetation sink","docAbstract":"We have developed a dynamic land model (LM3V) able to simulate ecosystem dynamics and exchanges of water, energy, and CO2 between land and atmosphere. LM3V is specifically designed to address the consequences of land use and land management changes including cropland and pasture dynamics, shifting cultivation, logging, fire, and resulting patterns of secondary regrowth. Here we analyze the behavior of LM3V, forced with the output from the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) atmospheric model AM2, observed precipitation data, and four historic scenarios of land use change for 1700-2000. Our analysis suggests a net terrestrial carbon source due to land use activities from 1.1 to 1.3 GtC/a during the 1990s, where the range is due to the difference in the historic cropland distribution. This magnitude is substantially smaller than previous estimates from other models, largely due to our estimates of a secondary vegetation sink of 0.35 to 0.6 GtC/a in the 1990s and decelerating agricultural land clearing since the 1960s. For the 1990s, our estimates for the pastures' carbon flux vary from a source of 0.37 to a sink of 0.15 GtC/a, and for the croplands our model shows a carbon source of 0.6 to 0.9 GtC/a. Our process-based model suggests a smaller net deforestation source than earlier bookkeeping models because it accounts for decelerated net conversion of primary forest to agriculture and for stronger secondary vegetation regrowth in tropical regions. The overall uncertainty is likely to be higher than the range reported here because of uncertainty in the biomass recovery under changing ambient conditions, including atmospheric CO2 concentration, nutrients availability, and climate. Copyright 2009 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2007GB003176","issn":"08866236","usgsCitation":"Shevliakova, E., Pacala, S.W., Malyshev, S., Hurtt, G.C., Milly, P., Caspersen, J.P., Sentman, L.T., Fisk, J.P., Wirth, C., and Crevoisier, C., 2009, Carbon cycling under 300 years of land use change: importance of the secondary vegetation sink: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 23, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GB003176.","costCenters":[{"id":146,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Eastern Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476206,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007gb003176","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":216804,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007GB003176"},{"id":244696,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f35de4b0c8380cd4b757","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shevliakova, Elena","contributorId":15436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shevliakova","given":"Elena","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pacala, Stephen W.","contributorId":84596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pacala","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Malyshev, Sergey","contributorId":22175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malyshev","given":"Sergey","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hurtt, George C.","contributorId":101916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurtt","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Milly, P. C. D.","contributorId":100489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milly","given":"P. C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Caspersen, John P.","contributorId":104734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caspersen","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sentman, Lori T.","contributorId":38812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sentman","given":"Lori","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fisk, Justin P.","contributorId":56475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisk","given":"Justin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wirth, Christian","contributorId":97350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wirth","given":"Christian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Crevoisier, Cyril","contributorId":85800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crevoisier","given":"Cyril","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70034684,"text":"70034684 - 2009 - The effect of Hurricane Katrina on nekton communities in the tidal freshwater marshes of Breton Sound, Louisiana, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:39","indexId":"70034684","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of Hurricane Katrina on nekton communities in the tidal freshwater marshes of Breton Sound, Louisiana, USA","docAbstract":"Hurricanes are climatically-induced resource pulses that affect community structure through the combination of physical and chemical habitat change. Estuaries are susceptible to hurricane pulses and are thought to be resilient to habitat change, because biotic communities often return quickly to pre-hurricane conditions. Although several examples provide evidence of quick recovery of estuarine nekton communities following a hurricane, few studies take place in tidal freshwater habitat where physical habitat effects can be extensive and may not be readily mitigated. We examined nekton communities (density, biomass, ?? and ?? diversity, % occurrence by residence status) in tidal freshwater marshes in Breton Sound, Louisiana, before and after a direct hit by Hurricane Katrina (2005). Vegetative marsh loss in the study area was extensive, and elevated salinity persisted for almost 6 months. Post-Katrina nekton density and biomass increased significantly, and the nekton community shifted from one of tidal freshwater/resident species to one containing brackish/migrant species, many of which are characterized by pelagic and benthic life history strategies. By spring 2007, the nekton community had shifted back to tidal freshwater/resident species, despite the enduring loss of vegetated marsh habitat. ?? 2009 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2009.03.016","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Piazza, B.P., and La Peyre, M., 2009, The effect of Hurricane Katrina on nekton communities in the tidal freshwater marshes of Breton Sound, Louisiana, USA: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 83, no. 1, p. 97-104, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2009.03.016.","startPage":"97","endPage":"104","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215983,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2009.03.016"},{"id":243822,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"83","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab10e4b08c986b322bbe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piazza, Bryan P.","contributorId":11022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piazza","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"La Peyre, M.K. 0000-0001-9936-2252","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9936-2252","contributorId":102239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"La Peyre","given":"M.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70034131,"text":"70034131 - 2009 - In situ video observations of two manefishes (perciformes: Caristiidae) in the mesopelagic zone of the northern Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-06T14:22:54","indexId":"70034131","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1337,"text":"Copeia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In situ video observations of two manefishes (perciformes: Caristiidae) in the mesopelagic zone of the northern Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"This paper describes direct video observations of two manefishes, likely Paracaristius sp., from the mesopelagic waters of the north-central Gulf of Mexico. One fish was observed with a remotely operated vehicle at a depth of 829 m by an industrial ROV as part of the SERPENT Project. The second was observed at 496 m from a manned submersible. Little is known about the behavior of manefishes because most records result from net-collected material. Our observation demonstrates that manefishes are capable of precise locomotory and posture control using extended, erect fins and that the pelvic fins of these fishes are extended in a parachute-like manner. Moreover, one of the specimens exhibited an unusual vertical, sinusoidal oscillation of its caudal fin. One of the observations took place in association with a physonect siphonophore. These observations may include the deepest published record for a manefish in the Gulf of Mexico.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Copeia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists","doi":"10.1643/CI-08-126","issn":"00458511","usgsCitation":"Benfield, M., Caruso, J.H., and Sulak, K., 2009, In situ video observations of two manefishes (perciformes: Caristiidae) in the mesopelagic zone of the northern Gulf of Mexico: Copeia, v. 4, p. 637-641, https://doi.org/10.1643/CI-08-126.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"637","endPage":"641","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244804,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216903,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1643/CI-08-126"}],"otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.9,18.2 ], [ -97.9,30.4 ], [ -81.0,30.4 ], [ -81.0,18.2 ], [ -97.9,18.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39b0e4b0c8380cd619ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benfield, M.C.","contributorId":104309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benfield","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caruso, John H.","contributorId":58098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caruso","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sulak, K. 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Currently approved WNV vaccines are designed for parenteral administration and, as yet, no effective oral WNV vaccines have been developed. WNV envelope (E) protein is a highly antigenic protein that elicits the majority of virus-neutralizing antibodies during a WNV immune response. Leghorn chickens were given three vaccinations (each 2 wk apart) of E protein orally (20 ??g or 100 ??g/dose), of E protein intramuscularly (IM, 20 ??g/dose), or of adjuvant only (control group) followed by a WNV challenge. Viremias were measured post-WNV infection, and three new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were developed for quantifying IgM, IgY, and IgA-mediated immune response of birds following WNV infection. WNV viremia levels were significantly lower in the IM group than in both oral groups and the control group. Total WNV E protein-specific IgY production was significantly greater, and WNV nonstructural 1-specific IgY was significantly less, in the IM group compared to all other treatment groups. The results of this study indicate that IM vaccination of chickens with E protein is protective against WNV infection and results in a significantly different antibody production profile as compared to both orally vaccinated and nonvaccinated birds. ?? 2009 American Association of Avian Pathologists.
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A.","contributorId":33548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fassbinder-Orth","given":"C. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hofmeister, Erik K. 0000-0002-6360-3912","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6360-3912","contributorId":84173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofmeister","given":"Erik K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weeks-Levy, C.","contributorId":107021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weeks-Levy","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Karasov, W. H.","contributorId":25889,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karasov","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70035998,"text":"70035998 - 2009 - The relative influence of geographic location and reach-scale habitat on benthic invertebrate assemblages in six ecoregions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:50","indexId":"70035998","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The relative influence of geographic location and reach-scale habitat on benthic invertebrate assemblages in six ecoregions","docAbstract":"The objective of this study was to determine the relative influence of reach-specific habitat variables and geographic location on benthic invertebrate assemblages within six ecoregions across the Western USA. This study included 417 sites from six ecoregions. A total of 301 taxa were collected with the highest richness associated with ecoregions dominated by streams with coarse substrate (19-29 taxa per site). Lowest richness (seven to eight taxa per site) was associated with ecoregions dominated by fine-grain substrate. Principle component analysis (PCA) on reach-scale habitat separated the six ecoregions into those in high-gradient mountainous areas (Coast Range, Cascades, and Southern Rockies) and those in lower-gradient ecoregions (Central Great Plains and Central California Valley). Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMS) models performed best in ecoregions dominated by coarse-grain substrate and high taxa richness, along with coarse-grain substrates sites combined from multiple ecoregions regardless of location. In contrast, ecoregions or site combinations dominated by fine-grain substrate had poor model performance (high stress). Four NMS models showed that geographic location (i.e. latitude and longitude) was important for: (1) all ecoregions combined, (2) all sites dominated by coarse-grain sub strate combined, (3) Cascades Ecoregion, and (4) Columbia Ecoregion. Local factors (i.e. substrate or water temperature) seem to be overriding factors controlling invertebrate composition across the West, regardless of geographic location. ?? The Author(s) 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10661-008-0372-9","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"Munn, M., Waite, I., Larsen, D.P., and Herlihy, A., 2009, The relative influence of geographic location and reach-scale habitat on benthic invertebrate assemblages in six ecoregions: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 154, no. 1-4, p. 1-14, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-008-0372-9.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487288,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-008-0372-9","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":216122,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-008-0372-9"},{"id":243969,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"154","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-07-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf2de4b08c986b3245e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Munn, M.D.","contributorId":77908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munn","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waite, I.R.","contributorId":41039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"I.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Larsen, D. P.","contributorId":17012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Herlihy, A.T.","contributorId":31168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herlihy","given":"A.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70035601,"text":"70035601 - 2009 - Nesting ecology of Greater Sandhill Cranes (Grus canadensis tabida) in riparian and palustrine wetlands of eastern Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T10:57:16","indexId":"70035601","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nesting ecology of Greater Sandhill Cranes (Grus canadensis tabida) in riparian and palustrine wetlands of eastern Idaho","docAbstract":"Little information exists on breeding Greater Sandhill Cranes (Grus canadensis tabida) in riparian wetlands of the Intermountain West. We examined the nesting ecology of Sandhill Cranes associated with riparian and palustrine wetlands in the Henry's Fork Watershed in eastern Idaho in 2003. We located 36 active crane nests, 19 in riparian wetlands and 17 in palustrine wetlands. Nesting sites were dominated by rushes (Juncus spp.), sedges (Carex spp.), Broad-leaved Cattail (Typha latifolia) and willow (Salix spp.), and adjacent foraging areas were primarily composed of sagebrush (Artemisia spp.), cinquefoil (Potentilla spp.),Rabbitbrush (Ericameria bloomeri) bunch grasses, upland forbs, Quaking Aspen (Populus tremuloides) and cottonwood (Populus spp.). Mean water depth surrounding nests was 23 cm (SD = 22). A majority of nests (61%) were surrounded by vegetation between 3060 cm, 23% by vegetation <30 cm, and 16% by vegetation >60 cm in height. We were able to determine the fate of 29 nests, of which 20 were successful (69%). Daily nest survival was 0.986 (95% LCI 0.963, UCI 0.995), equivalent to a Mayfield nest success of 0.654 (95% LCI 0.324, UCI 0.853). Model selection favored models with the covariates vegetation type, vegetation height, and water depth. Nest survival increased with increasing water depth surrounding nest sites. Mean water depth was higher around successful nests (30 cm, SD = 21) than unsuccessful nests (15 cm, SD 22). Further research is needed to evaluate the relative contribution of cranes nesting in palustrine and riparian wetlands distributed widely across the Intermountain West.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterbirds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1675/063.032.0112","issn":"15244695","usgsCitation":"McWethy, D., and Austin, J.E., 2009, Nesting ecology of Greater Sandhill Cranes (Grus canadensis tabida) in riparian and palustrine wetlands of eastern Idaho: Waterbirds, v. 32, no. 1, p. 106-115, https://doi.org/10.1675/063.032.0112.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"106","endPage":"115","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244100,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216240,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1675/063.032.0112"}],"volume":"32","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a64bce4b0c8380cd72a48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McWethy, D.B.","contributorId":10639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McWethy","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Austin, J. E.","contributorId":5999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Austin","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70035380,"text":"70035380 - 2009 - Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for a bacterial thiaminase I gene and the thiaminase-producing bacterium Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-03T10:17:53","indexId":"70035380","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for a bacterial thiaminase I gene and the thiaminase-producing bacterium Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus.","docAbstract":"The thiaminase I enzyme produced by the gram-positive bacterium Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus isolated from the viscera of Lake Michigan alewives Alosa pseudoharengus is currently the only defined source of the thiaminase activity linked to thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency in early mortality syndrome (EMS) in the larvae of Great Lakes salmonines. Diets of alewife or isolated strains of P. thiaminolyticus mixed in a semipurified diet and fed to lake trout Salvelinus namaycush have been shown to produce EMS in fry. We utilized quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) to aid in studies of the sources of P. thiaminolyticus and thiaminase I. Quantitative PCR assays were established to detect the thiaminase I gene of P. thiaminolyticus, the 16S rRNA gene from most species of bacteria, and the 16S rRNA gene specifically from P. thiaminolyticus and a few closely related taxa. The Q-PCR assays are linear over at least six orders of magnitude and can detect the thiaminase I gene of P. thiaminolyticus from as few as 1,000 P. thiaminolyticus cells/g of sample or the Paenibacillus 16S rRNA gene from as few as 100 P. thiaminolyticus cells/g of sample. The initial results from alewife viscera samples with high thiaminase activity yielded unexpectedly low densities of P. thiaminolyticus cells; Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus was detectable in 2 of 6 alewife viscera tested at densities on the order of 100 cells/g out of 100,000,000 total bacterial cells/g. The low numbers of P. thiaminolyticus detected suggest that alewives contain additional non-P. thiaminolyticus sources of thiaminase activity.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1577/H07-054.1","issn":"08997659","usgsCitation":"Richter, C., Wright-Osment, M.K., Zajicek, J., Honeyfield, D., and Tillitt, D.E., 2009, Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for a bacterial thiaminase I gene and the thiaminase-producing bacterium Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus.: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 21, no. 4, p. 229-238, https://doi.org/10.1577/H07-054.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"229","endPage":"238","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243240,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215434,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/H07-054.1"}],"volume":"21","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a922ce4b0c8380cd806db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richter, C.A.","contributorId":87765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richter","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright-Osment, Maureen K.","contributorId":86179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright-Osment","given":"Maureen","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zajicek, J.L.","contributorId":87086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zajicek","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Honeyfield, D. C. 0000-0003-3034-2047","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3034-2047","contributorId":73136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Honeyfield","given":"D. C.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":450388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tillitt, D. E.","contributorId":83462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70034968,"text":"70034968 - 2009 - The numerical and functional responses of a granivorous rodent and the fate of Neotropical tree seeds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:39","indexId":"70034968","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The numerical and functional responses of a granivorous rodent and the fate of Neotropical tree seeds","docAbstract":"Despite their potential to provide mechanistic explanations of rates of seed dispersal and seed fate, the functional and numerical responses of seed predators have never been explicitly examined within this context. Therefore, we investigated the numerical response of a small-mammal seed predator, Heteromys desmarestianus, to disturbance-induced changes in food availability and evaluated the degree to which removal and fate of seeds of eight tree species in a lowland tropical forest in Belize were related to the functional response of H. desmarestianus to varying seed densities. Mark-recapture trapping was used to estimate abundance of H. desmarestianus in six 0.5-ha grids from July 2000 to September 2002. Fruit availability and seed fate were estimated in each grid, and two experiments nested within the grids were used to determine (1) the form of the functional response for nine levels of fruit density (2-32 fruits/m 2), (2) the removal rate and handling times, and (3) the total proportion of fruits removed. The total proportion of fruits removed was determined primarily by the numerical response of H. desmarestianus to fruit availability, while removal rates and the proportion of seeds eaten or cached were related primarily to the form of the functional response. However, the numerical and functional responses interacted; H. desmarestianus showed strong spatial and temporal numerical responses to total fruit availability, and their density relative to fruit availability resulted in variation in the form of the functional response. Types I, II, and III functional responses were observed, as were density-independent responses, and these responses varied both among and within fruit species. The highest proportions of fruits were eaten when the Type III functional response was detected, which was when fruit availability was high relative to H. desmarestianus population density. Numerous idiosyncratic influences on seed fate have been documented, but our results indicate that shifts in the numerical and functional responses of seed predators to seasonal and interannual variation in seed availability potentially provide a general mechanistic explanation for patterns of removal and fate for vertebrate-dispersed seeds. ?? 2009 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/07-2146.1","issn":"00129658","usgsCitation":"Klinger, R., and Rejmanek, M., 2009, The numerical and functional responses of a granivorous rodent and the fate of Neotropical tree seeds: Ecology, v. 90, no. 6, p. 1549-1563, https://doi.org/10.1890/07-2146.1.","startPage":"1549","endPage":"1563","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476186,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/07-2146.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215586,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/07-2146.1"},{"id":243400,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bae2fe4b08c986b323f40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klinger, R.","contributorId":78493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klinger","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rejmanek, M.","contributorId":74980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rejmanek","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70035563,"text":"70035563 - 2009 - Geomorphic evolution of the Le Sueur River, Minnesota, USA, and implications for current sediment loading","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:51","indexId":"70035563","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geomorphic evolution of the Le Sueur River, Minnesota, USA, and implications for current sediment loading","docAbstract":"There is clear evidence that the Minnesota River is the major sediment source for Lake Pepin and that the Le Sueur River is a major source to the Minnesota River. Turbidity levels are high enough to require management actions. We take advantage of the well-constrained Holocene history of the Le Sueur basin and use a combination of remote sensing, fi eld, and stream gauge observations to constrain the contributions of different sediment sources to the Le Sueur River. Understanding the type, location, and magnitude of sediment sources is essential for unraveling the Holocene development of the basin as well as for guiding management decisions about investments to reduce sediment loads. Rapid base-level fall at the outlet of the Le Sueur River 11,500 yr B.P. triggered up to 70 m of channel incision at the mouth. Slope-area analyses of river longitudinal profi les show that knickpoints have migrated 30-35 km upstream on all three major branches of the river, eroding 1.2-2.6 ?? 109 Mg of sediment from the lower valleys in the process. The knick zones separate the basin into an upper watershed, receiving sediment primarily from uplands and streambanks, and a lower, incised zone, which receives additional sediment from high bluffs and ravines. Stream gauges installed above and below knick zones show dramatic increases in sediment loading above that expected from increases in drainage area, indicating substantial inputs from bluffs and ravines.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2009.2451(08)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Gran, K., Belmont, P., Day, S., Jennings, C., Johnson, A.H., Perg, L., and Wilcock, P., 2009, Geomorphic evolution of the Le Sueur River, Minnesota, USA, and implications for current sediment loading: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 451, p. 119-130, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.2451(08).","startPage":"119","endPage":"130","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216184,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2009.2451(08)"},{"id":244037,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"451","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a278fe4b0c8380cd599c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gran, K.B.","contributorId":44688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gran","given":"K.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belmont, P.","contributorId":67322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belmont","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Day, S.S.","contributorId":42805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"S.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jennings, C.","contributorId":78536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Aaron H.","contributorId":46971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":451255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Perg, L.","contributorId":89744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perg","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wilcock, P.R.","contributorId":36709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcock","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70035225,"text":"70035225 - 2009 - Hand-mouth transfer and potential for exposure to E. coli and F+ coliphage in beach sand, Chicago, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:55","indexId":"70035225","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2503,"text":"Journal of Water and Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hand-mouth transfer and potential for exposure to E. coli and F+ coliphage in beach sand, Chicago, Illinois","docAbstract":"Beach sand contains fecal indicator bacteria, often in densities greatly exceeding the adjacent swimming waters. We examined the transferability of Escherichia coli and F+ coliphage (MS2) from beach sand to hands in order to estimate the potential subsequent health risk. Sand with high initial E. coli concentrations was collected from a Chicago beach. Individuals manipulated the sand for 60 seconds, and rinse water was analysed for E. coli and coliphage. E. coli densities transferred were correlated with density in sand rather than surface area of an individual's hand, and the amount of coliphage transferred from seeded sand was different among individuals. In sequential rinsing, percentage reduction was 92% for E. coli and 98% for coliphage. Using dose-response estimates developed for swimming water, it was determined that the number of individuals per thousand that would develop gastrointestinal symptoms would be 11 if all E. coli on the fingertip were ingested or 33 if all E. coli on the hand were ingested. These results suggest that beach sand may be an important medium for microbial exposure; bacteria transfer is related to initial concentration in the sand; and rinsing may be effective in limiting oral exposure to sand-borne microbes of human concern.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Water and Health","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2166/wh.2009.115","issn":"14778920","usgsCitation":"Whitman, R., Przybyla-Kelly, K., Shively, D., Nevers, M., and Byappanahalli, M., 2009, Hand-mouth transfer and potential for exposure to E. coli and F+ coliphage in beach sand, Chicago, Illinois: Journal of Water and Health, v. 7, no. 4, p. 623-629, https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2009.115.","startPage":"623","endPage":"629","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476158,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2009.115","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215092,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2009.115"},{"id":242865,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2f63e4b0c8380cd5cd4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitman, R.L.","contributorId":69750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitman","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Przybyla-Kelly, K.","contributorId":23332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Przybyla-Kelly","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shively, D.A.","contributorId":78123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shively","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nevers, M.B.","contributorId":13787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nevers","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Byappanahalli, M.N.","contributorId":11384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byappanahalli","given":"M.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70035560,"text":"70035560 - 2009 - A new syringe pump apparatus for the retrieval and temporal analysis of helium in groundwaters and geothermal fluids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T10:25:22","indexId":"70035560","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new syringe pump apparatus for the retrieval and temporal analysis of helium in groundwaters and geothermal fluids","docAbstract":"We present details of a newly designed syringe pump apparatus for the retrieval and temporal analysis of helium (SPARTAH). The device is composed of a commercially available syringe pump connected to coils of Cu tubing, which interface the syringe and the groundwater or geothermal wellhead. Through test deployments at geothermal wells in Iceland and California, we show that well fluids are drawn smoothly, accurately, and continuously into the Cu tubing and can be time‐stamped through user‐determined operating parameters. In the laboratory, the tubing is sectioned to reveal helium (He) characteristics of the fluids at times and for durations of interest. The device is capable of prolonged deployments, up to 6 months or more, with minimal maintenance. It can be used to produce detailed time series records of He, or any other geochemical parameter, in groundwaters and geothermal fluids. SPARTAH has application in monitoring projects assessing the relationship between external transient events (e.g., earthquakes) and geochemical signals in aqueous fluids.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2009GC002422","issn":"15252027","usgsCitation":"Barry, P., Hilton, D.R., Tryon, M., Brown, K.M., and Kulongoski, J., 2009, A new syringe pump apparatus for the retrieval and temporal analysis of helium in groundwaters and geothermal fluids: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 10, no. 5, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GC002422.","productDescription":"9 p.","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244005,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216156,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009GC002422"}],"volume":"10","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-05-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4b8e4b0c8380cd4688d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barry, P.H.","contributorId":27701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barry","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hilton, David R.","contributorId":37116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hilton","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tryon, M.D.","contributorId":100640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tryon","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, K. M.","contributorId":16432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kulongoski, J.T. 0000-0002-3498-4154","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3498-4154","contributorId":61213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulongoski","given":"J.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70035224,"text":"70035224 - 2009 - Tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) water fluxes before, during and after episodic defoliation by the saltcedar leaf beetle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-20T09:56:08","indexId":"70035224","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) water fluxes before, during and after episodic defoliation by the saltcedar leaf beetle","docAbstract":"Tamarisk (Tamarix) species are among the most successful and economically costly plant invaders in the western United States, in part due to its potential to remove large amounts of water from shallow aquifers. Accordingly, local, state and federal agencies have released a new biological control - the saltcedar leaf beetle (Diorhabda elongata) along many watersheds in the western United States to reduce the spread of tamarisk. The beetle defoliates tamarisk for much of the growing season resulting in potentially large seasonal declines in productivity, fitness, and water loss from tamarisk stands. We measured sap flux density (Js) using heat dissipation sensors to investigate water use patterns of tamarisk before, during and after a single, six week beetle-induced defoliation event in southeastern, Utah, USA. Granier-style probes were installed on 20 dominant trees from May through September 2008, a period that covers almost the entire growing season. As the beetle emerged from dormancy in mid-June, daytime and nighttime Js measurably increased for approximately two weeks before declining to less than 20% of predicted values (predicted by modeling Js with atmospheric vapor pressure deficit in May and June before defoliation). Tamarisk trees in mid-August produced new leaves and Js returned to pre-defoliation levels. Total Js, summed over the duration of the study was 13% lower than predicted values. These data suggest that defoliation results in only small changes in seasonal water loss from tamarisk stands. Current research is focusing on long-term ecohydrological impacts of tamarisk defoliation over multiple growing seasons.","largerWorkTitle":"Acta Horticulturae: VII International Workshop on Sap Flow","language":"English","issn":"05677572","isbn":"9789066056824","usgsCitation":"Hultine, K.R., Nagler, P., Dennison, P., Bush, S., and Ehleringer, J., 2009, Tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) water fluxes before, during and after episodic defoliation by the saltcedar leaf beetle, v. 846, p.293-302.","productDescription":"p.293-302","startPage":"293","endPage":"302","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243358,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266030,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.actahort.org/books/846/846_33.htm"}],"volume":"846","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba3c7e4b08c986b31feb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hultine, K. R.","contributorId":102281,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hultine","given":"K.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nagler, P.L. 0000-0003-0674-103X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":29937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"P.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dennison, P.E.","contributorId":73430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dennison","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bush, S.E.","contributorId":78567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bush","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ehleringer, J.R.","contributorId":47965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ehleringer","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70035320,"text":"70035320 - 2009 - Widespread occurrence of the chytrid fungus batrachochytrium dendrobatidis on oregon spotted frogs (rana pretiosa)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-17T15:36:34","indexId":"70035320","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1443,"text":"EcoHealth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Widespread occurrence of the chytrid fungus batrachochytrium dendrobatidis on oregon spotted frogs (rana pretiosa)","docAbstract":"The pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) has been associated with amphibian declines in multiple continents, including western North America. We investigated Bd prevalence in Oregon spotted frog (Rana pretiosa), a species that has declined across its range in the Pacific Northwest. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of skin swabs indicated that Bd was prevalent within populations (420 of 617 juvenile and adults) and widespread among populations (36 of 36 sites) where we sampled R. pretiosa in Oregon and Washington. We rarely detected Bd in R. pretiosa larvae (2 of 72). Prevalence of Bd in postmetamorphic R. pretiosa was inversely related to frog size. We found support for an interactive effect of elevation and sampling date on Bd: prevalence of Bd generally increased with date, but this effect was more pronounced at lower elevations. We also found evidence that the body condition of juvenile R. pretiosa with Bd decreased after their first winter. Our data indicate that some Oregon spotted frog populations are currently persisting with relatively high Bd prevalence, but the risk posed by Bd is unknown. ?? 2010 International Association for Ecology and Health.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"EcoHealth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10393-009-0237-x","issn":"16129202","usgsCitation":"Pearl, C., Bowerman, J., Adams, M., and Chelgren, N., 2009, Widespread occurrence of the chytrid fungus batrachochytrium dendrobatidis on oregon spotted frogs (rana pretiosa): EcoHealth, v. 6, no. 2, p. 209-218, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-009-0237-x.","startPage":"209","endPage":"218","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243332,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215521,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10393-009-0237-x"}],"volume":"6","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd0b6e4b08c986b32effe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pearl, C.A. 0000-0003-2943-7321","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2943-7321","contributorId":30732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearl","given":"C.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowerman, J.","contributorId":94824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowerman","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adams, M.J. 0000-0001-8844-042X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8844-042X","contributorId":30183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"M.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chelgren, N.D. 0000-0003-0944-9165","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0944-9165","contributorId":13387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chelgren","given":"N.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}