{"pageNumber":"2099","pageRowStart":"52450","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184689,"records":[{"id":70044939,"text":"70044939 - 2009 - Mineral resource of the month: cobalt","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-08T20:17:06","indexId":"70044939","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1419,"text":"Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineral resource of the month: cobalt","docAbstract":"Cobalt is a metal used in numerous commercial, industrial and military applications. On a global basis, the leading use of cobalt is in rechargeable lithium-ion, nickel-cadmium and nickel-metal hydride battery electrodes. Cobalt use has grown rapidly since the early 1990s, with the development of new battery technologies and an increase in demand for portable electronics such as cell phones, laptop computers and cordless power tools.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geosciences Institute","usgsCitation":"Shedd, K.B., 2009, Mineral resource of the month: cobalt: Earth, v. 54, no. 9, p. 31-31.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"31","ipdsId":"IP-014341","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270031,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270030,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.agiweb.org/store/library/imprint.php?id=2009_09"}],"volume":"54","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5151720ae4b087909f0bbeec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shedd, Kim B. kshedd@usgs.gov","contributorId":2896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shedd","given":"Kim","email":"kshedd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":476495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70042160,"text":"70042160 - 2009 - National Wildlife Health Center's quarterly wildlife mortality report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-16T16:08:17.332755","indexId":"70042160","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3769,"text":"Wildlife Disease Association Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"National Wildlife Health Center's quarterly wildlife mortality report","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","usgsCitation":"Ballmann, A., White, C.L., Schuler, K., and Bradsby, J., 2009, National Wildlife Health Center's quarterly wildlife mortality report: Wildlife Disease Association Newsletter, no. January 2009, p. 7-12.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"7","endPage":"12","ipdsId":"IP-010837","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264850,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264849,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.wildlifedisease.org/wda/Portals/0/WDANewsletterJanuary2009.pdf"}],"issue":"January 2009","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e08cb5e4b0fec3206ee29b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ballmann, Anne 0000-0002-0380-056X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0380-056X","contributorId":104631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballmann","given":"Anne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, C. LeAnn 0000-0002-5004-5165","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5004-5165","contributorId":29571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"LeAnn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schuler, Krysten","contributorId":53735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuler","given":"Krysten","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bradsby, Jennifer","contributorId":33664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradsby","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70047278,"text":"70047278 - 2009 - Warmwater fish in wadeable streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-29T14:37:59.935675","indexId":"70047278","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"4","title":"Warmwater fish in wadeable streams","docAbstract":"<p>Both “warmwater” and “wadeable” are terms of convenience without precise definition and are used by biologists to describe streams that are generally too warm to have sustainable salmonid populations and can be safely traversed by walking (i.e., a section of stream should have the majority of its length less than 1 m deep, and it should be possible to cross in chest waders in nearly all areas). Warmwater streams in North America are estimated to provide more than a half-million kilometers of fishable waters and many times that amount of waters containing fish (Rabeni and Jacobson 1999). Warmwater streams have experienced a surge of attention in the past three decades because of increased sportfishing opportunities due to point-source pollution abatement and because of the popularity of using fish assemblages as indicators of biological integrity for regulatory and management purposes. At least 38 states have fish bioassessment programs in place (USEPA 2002).</p><p>Sampling fish in warmwater streams is usually done for one of two reasons: (1) to evaluate a targeted species (e.g., sport fish or endangered species), or (2) to evaluate the entire fish assemblage. Thirty-two species of sport fishes, as defined by state and provincial agencies, occur in warmwater streams. The most popular are largemouth bass, smallmouth bass, spotted bass, striped bass, muskellunge, northern pike, walleye, several catfishes, and common carp. Important species regionally are rock bass, pumpkinseed, bluegill, white crappie, black crappie, other sunfishes, white perch, yellow perch, chain pickerel, buffalo, other suckers, and freshwater drum.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Standard methods for sampling North American freshwater fishes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","doi":"10.47886/9781934874103.ch4","usgsCitation":"Rabeni, C.F., Lyons, J.J., Mercado-Silva, N., and Peterson, J., 2009, Warmwater fish in wadeable streams, chap. 4 <i>of</i> Standard methods for sampling North American freshwater fishes, p. 43-58, https://doi.org/10.47886/9781934874103.ch4.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"58","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":517,"text":"Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275515,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f78eeee4b02e26443a93eb","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bonar, Scott A. 0000-0003-3532-4067 sbonar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3532-4067","contributorId":3712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonar","given":"Scott","email":"sbonar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509420,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, Wayne A.","contributorId":9325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509421,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Willis, David W.","contributorId":55313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willis","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509422,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Rabeni, Charles F.","contributorId":34804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rabeni","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lyons, John J. 0000-0001-5409-1698 jlyons@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5409-1698","contributorId":5394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"John","email":"jlyons@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mercado-Silva, Norman","contributorId":18219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mercado-Silva","given":"Norman","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peterson, James T. 0000-0002-7709-8590 james_peterson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-8590","contributorId":2111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"James","email":"james_peterson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033889,"text":"70033889 - 2009 - Estimating rocky seafloor extent on the Southern California continental shelf","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:33","indexId":"70033889","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating rocky seafloor extent on the Southern California continental shelf","docAbstract":"High-resolution sonar data are necessary to map bottom substrate for habitat studies but are lacking over much of the continental shelf. With such data, areas covered by sediment can be distinguished from bedrock areas with an accuracy of ??90%. Without these data, the extent of sediment as thick as 10 m cannot be resolved, and estimates of the extent of rocky seafloor are exaggerated. A study area north of Anacapa Island in Southern California interpreted as a large rocky area after mapping with low-resolution seismic systems was found to have exposed rocky bottom in only 10% of the area when mapped with high-resolution, side-scan sonar. The area of rock was estimated using video-supervised, sonar-image classification of textural derivatives of the data calculated from gray-level co-occurrence matrices. The classification of soft bottom was found to be ??90% accurate using an independent data set, derived from seafloor sampling records. Two general types of rock exposure are observed-sparse linear outcrops of layered sedimentary rocks and more massive, rounded outcrop areas of volcanic rocks. The percentage of exposed rock in volcanic areas exceeded that in sedimentary rock areas by a factor of 5 in the study area north of Anacapa Island. South of Point Arguello, 80% of the shelf seafloor is underlain by sedimentary rock units. The percentage of area that is exposed, rocky-reef habitat may be greater in other areas of coastal seafloor if the bedrock is predominantly volcanic. ?? 2009 The Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2009.2454(1.3)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Cochrane, G., and Greene, H., 2009, Estimating rocky seafloor extent on the Southern California continental shelf: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 454, p. 29-35, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.2454(1.3).","startPage":"29","endPage":"35","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214212,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2009.2454(1.3)"},{"id":241911,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"454","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b40e4b0c8380cd5263e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cochrane, G.R.","contributorId":104002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochrane","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Greene, H. Gary","contributorId":38958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"H. Gary","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":443030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034746,"text":"70034746 - 2009 - Legacy effects of colonial millponds on floodplain sedimentation, bank erosion, and channel morphology, MID-Atlantic, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:40","indexId":"70034746","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Legacy effects of colonial millponds on floodplain sedimentation, bank erosion, and channel morphology, MID-Atlantic, USA","docAbstract":"Many rivers and streams of the Mid-Atlantic Region, United States (U.S.) have been altered by postcolonial floodplain sedimentation (legacy sediment) associated with numerous milldams. Little Conestoga Creek, Pennsylvania, a tributary to the Susquehanna River and the Chesapeake Bay, is one of these streams. Floodplain sedimentation rates, bank erosion rates, and channel morphology were measured annually during 2004-2007 at five sites along a 28-km length of Little Conestoga Creek with nine colonial era milldams (one dam was still in place in 2007). This study was part of a larger cooperative effort to quantify floodplain sedimentation, bank erosion, and channel morphology in a high sediment yielding region of the Chesapeake Bay watershed. Data from the five sites were used to estimate the annual volume and mass of sediment stored on the floodplain and eroded from the banks for 14 segments along the 28-km length of creek. A bank and floodplain reach based sediment budget (sediment budget) was constructed for the 28 km by summing the net volume of sediment deposited and eroded from each segment. Mean floodplain sedimentation rates for Little Conestoga Creek were variable, with erosion at one upstream site (-5 mm/year) to deposition at the other four sites (highest = 11 mm/year) despite over a meter of floodplain aggradation from postcolonial sedimentation. Mean bank erosion rates range between 29 and 163 mm/year among the five sites. Bank height increased 1 m for every 10.6 m of channel width, from upstream to downstream (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.79, p &lt; 0.0001) resulting in progressively lowered hydraulic connectivity between the channel and the floodplain. Floodplain sedimentation and bank erosion rates also appear to be affected by the proximity of the segments to one existing milldam, which promotes deposition upstream and scouring downstream. The floodplain and bank along the 28-km reach produced a net mean sediment loss of 5,634 Mg/year for 2004-2007, indicating that bank erosion was exceeding floodplain sedimentation. In particular, the three segments between the existing dam and the confluence with the Conestoga River (32% of the studied reach) account for 97% of the measured net sediment budget. Future research directed at understanding channel equilibria should facilitate efforts to reduce the sediment impacts of dam removal and legacy sediment. ?? 2009 American Water Resources Association.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2009.00308.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Schenk, E., and Hupp, C., 2009, Legacy effects of colonial millponds on floodplain sedimentation, bank erosion, and channel morphology, MID-Atlantic, USA: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 45, no. 3, p. 597-606, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2009.00308.x.","startPage":"597","endPage":"606","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215957,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2009.00308.x"},{"id":243794,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-05-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a463de4b0c8380cd675da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schenk, E.R.","contributorId":101911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schenk","given":"E.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hupp, C.R. 0000-0003-1853-9197","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1853-9197","contributorId":78775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"C.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70037097,"text":"70037097 - 2009 - A historical perspective on the \"fish tumors or other deformities\" beneficial use impairment at Great Lakes Areas of Concern","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-08T08:48:28","indexId":"70037097","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A historical perspective on the \"fish tumors or other deformities\" beneficial use impairment at Great Lakes Areas of Concern","docAbstract":"The Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement defines Areas of Concern as geographic areas that fail to meet the general or specific objectives of the agreement where such failure has caused or is likely to cause impairment of beneficial use of the area's ability to support aquatic life. One of the beneficial use impairments, fish tumors or other deformities, is defined by the International Joint Commission to occur when the incidence rate of fish tumors and other deformities exceeds rates at unimpacted or control sites, or when survey data confirm the presence of neoplastic or preneoplastic liver tumors in bullhead or suckers. Brown bullhead, a benthic species with a limited home range, have frequently been used as indicator species in U.S. Areas of Concern. While there is strong field evidence for an association between PAH exposure and hepatic neoplasia in brown bullhead, laboratory investigations would strengthen the association. There is less evidence linking specific classes of chemicals in the environment to orocutaneous neoplasia in brown bullhead. Studies on orocutaneous neoplasia of brown bullhead should focus on assessing the presence or absence of viruses and on epidermal exposure to specific chemicals and chemical mixtures. Lastly, the effects of covariates such as length, age, and gender on the prevalence of liver and skin neoplasms should be investigated. This paper reviews the state of science on the fish tumors or other deformities beneficial use impairment. Subsequent papers address specific issues related to this impairment and provide recommendations for standardized criteria.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2009.07.005","issn":"03801330","usgsCitation":"Rafferty, S., Blazer, V., Pinkney, A., Grazio, J., Obert, E., and Boughton, L., 2009, A historical perspective on the \"fish tumors or other deformities\" beneficial use impairment at Great Lakes Areas of Concern: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 35, no. 4, p. 496-506, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2009.07.005.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"496","endPage":"506","costCenters":[{"id":418,"text":"National Fish Health Research Laboratory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":217277,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2009.07.005"},{"id":245210,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes","volume":"35","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e421e4b0c8380cd46424","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rafferty, S.D.","contributorId":28453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rafferty","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blazer, V. S. 0000-0001-6647-9614","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":56991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"V. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pinkney, A.E.","contributorId":87501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pinkney","given":"A.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grazio, J.L.","contributorId":64485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grazio","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Obert, E.C.","contributorId":38808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obert","given":"E.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Boughton, L.","contributorId":23364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boughton","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70037125,"text":"70037125 - 2009 - Water uptake and nutrient concentrations under a floodplain oak savanna during a non-flood period, lower Cedar River, Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:11","indexId":"70037125","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water uptake and nutrient concentrations under a floodplain oak savanna during a non-flood period, lower Cedar River, Iowa","docAbstract":"Floodplains during non-flood periods are less well documented than when flooding occurs, but non-flood periods offer opportunities to investigate vegetation controls on water and nutrient cycling. In this study, we characterized water uptake and nutrient concentration patterns from 2005 to 2007 under an oak savanna located on the floodplain of the Cedar River in Muscatine County, Iowa. The water table ranged from 0.5 to 2.5 m below ground surface and fluctuated in response to stream stage, plant water demand and rainfall inputs. Applying the White method to diurnal water table fluctuations, daily ET from groundwater averaged more than 3.5 mm/day in June and July and approximately 2 mm/day in May and August. Total annual ET averaged 404 mm for a growing season from mid-May to mid-October. Savanna groundwater concentrations of nitrate-N, ammonium-N, and phosphate-P were very low (mean <0.18, <0.14, <0.08 mg/l, respectively), whereas DOC concentrations were high (7.1 mg/l). Low concentrations of N and P were in contrast to high nutrient concentrations in the nearby Cedar River, where N and P averaged 7.5 mg/ l and 0.13, respectively. In regions dominated by intensive agriculture, study results document valuable ecosystem services for native floodplain ecosystems in reducing watershed-scale nutrient losses and providing an oasis for biological complexity. Improved understanding of the environmental conditions of regionally significant habitats, including major controls on water table elevations and water quality, offers promise for better management aimed at preserving the ecology of these important habitats. Copyright ?? 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.7403","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Schilling, K.E., and Jacobson, P., 2009, Water uptake and nutrient concentrations under a floodplain oak savanna during a non-flood period, lower Cedar River, Iowa: Hydrological Processes, v. 23, no. 21, p. 3006-3016, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7403.","startPage":"3006","endPage":"3016","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476281,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7403","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":217218,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7403"},{"id":245145,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcca1e4b08c986b32dc4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schilling, K. E.","contributorId":61982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schilling","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jacobson, P.","contributorId":11412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033239,"text":"70033239 - 2009 - Changes in optical properties, chemistry, and micropore and mesopore characteristics of bituminous coal at the contact with dikes in the Illinois Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:34","indexId":"70033239","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in optical properties, chemistry, and micropore and mesopore characteristics of bituminous coal at the contact with dikes in the Illinois Basin","docAbstract":"Changes in high-volatile bituminous coal (Pennsylvanian) near contacts with two volcanic intrusions in Illinois were investigated with respect to optical properties, coal chemistry, and coal pore structure. Vitrinite reflectance (Ro) increases from 0.62% to 5.03% within a distance of 5.5??m from the larger dike, and from 0.63% to 3.71% within 3.3??m from the small dike. Elemental chemistry of the coal shows distinct reductions in hydrogen and nitrogen content close to the intrusions. No trend was observed for total sulfur content, but decreases in sulfate content towards the dikes indicate thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR). Contact-metamorphism has a dramatic effect on coal porosity, and microporosity in particular. Around the large dike, the micropore volume, after a slight initial increase, progressively decreases from 0.0417??cm3/g in coal situated 4.7??m from the intrusive contact to 0.0126??cm3/g at the contact. Strongly decreasing mesopore and micropore volumes in the altered zone, together with frequent cleat and fracture filling by calcite, indicate deteriorating conditions for both coalbed gas sorption and gas transmissibility. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2008.05.014","issn":"01665","usgsCitation":"Mastalerz, M., Drobniak, A., and Schimmelmann, A., 2009, Changes in optical properties, chemistry, and micropore and mesopore characteristics of bituminous coal at the contact with dikes in the Illinois Basin: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 77, no. 3-4, p. 310-319, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2008.05.014.","startPage":"310","endPage":"319","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213398,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2008.05.014"},{"id":241021,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f41ee4b0c8380cd4bb57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mastalerz, Maria","contributorId":78065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastalerz","given":"Maria","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drobniak, A.","contributorId":11748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drobniak","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schimmelmann, A.","contributorId":28348,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schimmelmann","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70037155,"text":"70037155 - 2009 - A new numerical method for calculating extrema of received power for polarimetric SAR","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-05T11:48:47","indexId":"70037155","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1940,"text":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new numerical method for calculating extrema of received power for polarimetric SAR","docAbstract":"A numerical method called cross-step iteration is proposed to calculate the maximal/minimal received power for polarized imagery based on a target's Kennaugh matrix. This method is much more efficient than the systematic method, which searches for the extrema of received power by varying the polarization ellipse angles of receiving and transmitting polarizations. It is also more advantageous than the Schuler method, which has been adopted by the PolSARPro package, because the cross-step iteration method requires less computation time and can derive both the maximal and minimal received powers, whereas the Schuler method is designed to work out only the maximal received power. The analytical model of received-power optimization indicates that the first eigenvalue of the Kennaugh matrix is the supremum of the maximal received power. The difference between these two parameters reflects the depolarization effect of the target's backscattering, which might be useful for target discrimination. ?? 2009 IEEE.","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/LGRS.2009.2022958","issn":"1545598X","usgsCitation":"Zhang, Y., Zhang, J., Lu, Z., and Gong, W., 2009, A new numerical method for calculating extrema of received power for polarimetric SAR: IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, v. 6, no. 4, p. 666-670, https://doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2009.2022958.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"666","endPage":"670","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245148,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217221,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2009.2022958"}],"volume":"6","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4ace4b0c8380cd46823","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, Y.","contributorId":59969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhang, Jiahua","contributorId":35479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Jiahua","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lu, Z.","contributorId":106241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gong, W.","contributorId":52325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gong","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70037154,"text":"70037154 - 2009 - Enantiomer fractions of chlordane components in sediment from U.S. Geological Survey sites in lakes and rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-05T10:10:57","indexId":"70037154","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Enantiomer fractions of chlordane components in sediment from U.S. Geological Survey sites in lakes and rivers","docAbstract":"<p><span>Spatial, temporal, and sediment-type trends in enantiomer signatures were evaluated for&nbsp;</span><i>cis</i><span>- and&nbsp;</span><i>trans</i><span>-chlordane (CC, TC) in archived core, suspended, and surficial-sediment samples from six lake, reservoir, and river sites across the United States. The enantiomer fractions (EFs) measured in these samples are in good agreement with those reported for sediment, soil, and air samples in previous studies. The chlordane EFs were generally close to the racemic value of 0.5, with CC values ranging from 0.493 to 0.527 (usually &gt;0.5) and TC values from 0.463 to 0.53 (usually &lt;0.5). EF changes with core depth were detected for TC and CC in some cores, with the most non-racemic values near the top of the core. Surficial and suspended sediments generally have EF values similar to the top core layers but are often more non-racemic, indicating that enantioselective degradation is occurring before soils are eroded and deposited into bottom sediments. We hypothesize that rapid losses (desorption or degradation) from suspended sediments of the more bioavailable chlordane fraction during transport and initial deposition could explain the apparent shift to more racemic EF values in surficial and top core sediments. Near racemic CC and TC in the core profiles suggest minimal alteration of chlordane from biotic degradation, unless it is via non-enantioselective processes. EF values for the heptachlor degradate, heptachlor epoxide (HEPX), determined in surficial sediments from one location only were always non-racemic (EF</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>≈</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>0.66), were indicative of substantial biotic processing, and followed reported EF trends.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.08.023","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Ulrich, E., Foreman, W., Van Metre, P., Wilson, J., and Rounds, S., 2009, Enantiomer fractions of chlordane components in sediment from U.S. Geological Survey sites in lakes and rivers: Science of the Total Environment, v. 407, no. 22, p. 5884-5893, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.08.023.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"5884","endPage":"5893","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245147,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217220,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.08.023"}],"volume":"407","issue":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0919e4b0c8380cd51de2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ulrich, E.M.","contributorId":10956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ulrich","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foreman, W.T.","contributorId":94684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foreman","given":"W.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Van Metre, P. C.","contributorId":92999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Metre","given":"P. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilson, J.T.","contributorId":97489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"J.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rounds, S.A.","contributorId":88395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rounds","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70037101,"text":"70037101 - 2009 - A search in strainmeter data for slow slip associated with triggered and ambient tremor near Parkfield, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-17T16:40:45","indexId":"70037101","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A search in strainmeter data for slow slip associated with triggered and ambient tremor near Parkfield, California","docAbstract":"We test the hypothesis that, as in subduction zones, slow slip facilitates triggered and ambient tremor in the transform boundary setting of California. Our study builds on the study of Peng et al. (2009) of triggered and ambient tremor near Parkfield, California during time intervals surrounding 31, potentially triggering, M ≥ 7.5 teleseismic earthquakes; waves from 10 of these triggered tremor and 29 occurred in periods of ambient tremor activity. We look for transient slow slip during 3-month windows that include 11 of these triggering and nontriggering teleseisms, using continuous strain data recorded on two borehole Gladwin tensor strainmeters (GTSM) located within the distribution of tremor epicenters. We model the GTSM data assuming only tidal and “drift” signals are present and find no detectable slow slip, either ongoing when the teleseismic waves passed or triggered by them. We infer a conservative detection threshold of about 5 nanostrain for abrupt changes and about twice this for slowly evolving signals. This could be lowered slightly by adding analyses of other data types, modeled slow slip signals, and GTSM data calibration. Detection of slow slip also depends on the slipping fault's location and size, which we describe in terms of equivalent earthquake moment magnitude, M. In the best case of the GTSM above a very shallow slipping fault, detectable slip events must exceed M~2, and if the slow slip is beneath the seismogenic zone (below ~15 km depth), even M~5 events are likely to remain hidden.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2008JB006040","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Smith, E., and Gomberg, J., 2009, A search in strainmeter data for slow slip associated with triggered and ambient tremor near Parkfield, California: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 114, no. 12, B00A14, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JB006040.","productDescription":"B00A14","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":217335,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008JB006040"},{"id":245276,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e57de4b0c8380cd46d76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, E.F.","contributorId":94139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"E.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gomberg, J.","contributorId":95994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomberg","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70037096,"text":"70037096 - 2009 - Physical modeling of river spanning rock structures: Evaluating interstitial flow, local hydraulics, downstream scour development, and structure stability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:10","indexId":"70037096","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Physical modeling of river spanning rock structures: Evaluating interstitial flow, local hydraulics, downstream scour development, and structure stability","docAbstract":"Rock weir and ramp structures uniquely serve a necessary role in river management: to meet water deliveries in an ecologically sound manner. Uses include functioning as low head diversion dams, permitting fish passage, creating habitat diversity, and stabilizing stream banks and profiles. Existing information on design and performance of in-stream rock structures does not provide the guidance necessary to implement repeatable and sustainable construction and retrofit techniques. As widespread use of rock structures increases, the need for reliable design methods with a broad range of applicability at individual sites grows as well. Rigorous laboratory testing programs were implemented at the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) and at Colorado State University (CSU) as part of a multifaceted research project focused on expanding the current knowledge base and developing design methods to improve the success rate of river spanning rock structures in meeting project goals. Physical modeling at Reclamation is being used to measure, predict, and reduce interstitial flow through rock ramps. CSU is using physical testing to quantify and predict scour development downstream of rock weirs and its impact on the stability of rock structures. ?? 2009 ASCE.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009: Great Rivers","conferenceTitle":"World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009: Great Rivers","conferenceDate":"17 May 2009 through 21 May 2009","conferenceLocation":"Kansas City, MO","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/41036(342)345","isbn":"9780784410363","usgsCitation":"Collins, K., Thornton, C., Mefford, B., and Holmquist-Johnson, C.L., 2009, Physical modeling of river spanning rock structures: Evaluating interstitial flow, local hydraulics, downstream scour development, and structure stability, <i>in</i> Proceedings of World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009: Great Rivers, v. 342, Kansas City, MO, 17 May 2009 through 21 May 2009, p. 3419-3431, https://doi.org/10.1061/41036(342)345.","startPage":"3419","endPage":"3431","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217247,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41036(342)345"},{"id":245177,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"342","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7ab1e4b0c8380cd7904b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collins, K.L.","contributorId":24201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thornton, C.I.","contributorId":25388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thornton","given":"C.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mefford, B.","contributorId":104312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mefford","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holmquist-Johnson, C. L.","contributorId":72615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmquist-Johnson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70037062,"text":"70037062 - 2009 - Probabilistic estimation of numbers and costs of future landslides in the San Francisco Bay region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:10","indexId":"70037062","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1812,"text":"Georisk","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Probabilistic estimation of numbers and costs of future landslides in the San Francisco Bay region","docAbstract":"We used historical records of damaging landslides triggered by rainstorms and a newly developed Probabilistic Landslide Assessment Cost Estimation System (PLACES) to estimate the numbers and direct costs of future landslides in the 10-county San Francisco Bay region. Historical records of damaging landslides in the region are incomplete. Therefore, our estimates of numbers and costs of future landslides are minimal estimates. The estimated mean annual number of future damaging landslides for the entire 10-county region is about 65. Santa Cruz County has the highest estimated mean annual number of damaging future landslides (about 18), whereas Napa, San Francisco, and Solano Counties have the lowest estimated mean numbers of damaging landslides (about 1 each). The estimated mean annual cost of future landslides in the entire region is about US $14.80 million (year 2000 $). The estimated mean annual cost is highest for San Mateo County ($3.24 million) and lowest for Solano County ($0.18 million). The annual per capita cost for the entire region will be about $2.10. Santa Cruz County will have the highest annual per capita cost at $8.45, whereas San Francisco County will have the lowest per capita cost at $0.31. Normalising costs by dividing by the percentage of land area with slopes equal to or greater than 17% indicates that San Francisco County will have the highest cost per square km ($7,101), whereas Santa Clara County will have the lowest cost per square km ($229). These results indicate that the San Francisco Bay region has one of the highest levels of landslide risk in the United States. Compared with landslide cost estimates from the rest of the world, the risk level in the Bay region seems high, but not exceptionally high.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Georisk","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1080/17499510802713123","issn":"17499518","usgsCitation":"Crovelli, R., and Coe, J.A., 2009, Probabilistic estimation of numbers and costs of future landslides in the San Francisco Bay region: Georisk, v. 3, no. 4, p. 206-223, https://doi.org/10.1080/17499510802713123.","startPage":"206","endPage":"223","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217274,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17499510802713123"},{"id":245207,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8c8fe4b0c8380cd7e75d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crovelli, R. A.","contributorId":40969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crovelli","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coe, J. A.","contributorId":8867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coe","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035072,"text":"70035072 - 2009 - Potential environmental issues of CO<sub>2</sub> storage in deep saline aquifers: Geochemical results from the Frio-I Brine Pilot test, Texas, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-15T07:54:00","indexId":"70035072","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential environmental issues of CO<sub>2</sub> storage in deep saline aquifers: Geochemical results from the Frio-I Brine Pilot test, Texas, USA","docAbstract":"<p id=\"\">Sedimentary basins in general, and deep saline aquifers in particular, are being investigated as possible repositories for large volumes of anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub> that must be sequestered to mitigate global warming and related climate changes. To investigate the potential for the long-term storage of CO<sub>2</sub> in such aquifers, 1600&nbsp;t of CO<sub>2</sub> were injected at 1500&nbsp;m depth into a 24-m-thick \"C\" sandstone unit of the Frio Formation, a regional aquifer in the US Gulf Coast. Fluid samples obtained before CO<sub>2</sub> injection from the injection well and an observation well 30&nbsp;m updip showed a Na–Ca–Cl type brine with ∼93,000&nbsp;mg/L TDS at saturation with CH<sub>4</sub> at reservoir conditions; gas analyses showed that CH<sub>4</sub> comprised ∼95% of dissolved gas, but CO<sub>2</sub> was low at 0.3%. Following CO<sub>2&nbsp;</sub>breakthrough, 51&nbsp;h after injection, samples showed sharp drops in pH (6.5–5.7), pronounced increases in alkalinity (100–3000&nbsp;mg/L as HCO<sub>3</sub>) and in Fe (30–1100&nbsp;mg/L), a slug of very high DOC values, and significant shifts in the isotopic compositions of H<sub>2</sub>O, DIC, and CH<sub>4</sub>. These data, coupled with geochemical modeling, indicate corrosion of pipe and well casing as well as rapid dissolution of minerals, especially calcite and iron oxyhydroxides, both caused by lowered pH (initially ∼3.0 at subsurface conditions) of the brine in contact with supercritical CO<sub>2</sub>.</p><p id=\"\">These geochemical parameters, together with perfluorocarbon tracer gases (PFTs), were used to monitor migration of the injected CO<sub>2</sub> into the overlying Frio “B”, composed of a 4-m-thick sandstone and separated from the “C” by ∼15&nbsp;m of shale and siltstone beds. Results obtained from the Frio “B” 6&nbsp;months after injection gave chemical and isotopic markers that show significant CO<sub>2</sub> (2.9% compared with 0.3% CO<sub>2</sub> in dissolved gas) migration into the “B” sandstone. Results of samples collected 15&nbsp;months after injection, however, are ambiguous, and can be interpreted to show no additional injected CO<sub>2</sub> in the “B” sandstone. The presence of injected CO<sub>2</sub> may indicate migration from “C” to “B” through the intervening beds or, more likely, a short-term leakage through the remedial cement around the casing of a 50-year old well. Results obtained to date from four shallow monitoring groundwater wells show no brine or CO<sub>2</sub> leakage through the Anahuac Formation, the regional cap rock.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Pergamon","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.02.010","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Kharaka, Y.K., Thordsen, J., Hovorka, S.D., Nance, H.S., Cole, D.R., Phelps, T.J., and Knauss, K.G., 2009, Potential environmental issues of CO<sub>2</sub> storage in deep saline aquifers: Geochemical results from the Frio-I Brine Pilot test, Texas, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 24, no. 6, p. 1106-1112, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.02.010.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1106","endPage":"1112","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243088,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-97.240849,26.411504],[-97.276425,26.521729],[-97.31073,26.556558],[-97.345822,26.700589],[-97.370438,26.723896],[-97.368343,26.795649],[-97.387459,26.820789],[-97.390078,27.156512],[-97.359963,27.304732],[-97.361796,27.359988],[-97.317277,27.46369],[-97.236882,27.598293],[-97.231383,27.632336],[-97.214099,27.631551],[-97.200743,27.650144],[-97.203474,27.684533],[-97.103326,27.789068],[-97.098874,27.82285],[-97.134489,27.825206],[-97.056713,27.842294],[-96.985745,27.954048],[-96.967807,28.020041],[-96.952618,28.01644],[-96.906004,28.076147],[-96.886233,28.084396],[-96.879424,28.131402],[-96.84538,28.108881],[-96.83003,28.111842],[-96.81042,28.126034],[-96.816443,28.174808],[-96.791958,28.188687],[-96.703838,28.198246],[-96.702659,28.211208],[-96.662462,28.227314],[-96.651856,28.251275],[-96.592934,28.296972],[-96.450998,28.337039],[-96.403206,28.371475],[-96.397846,28.343513],[-96.4137,28.327343],[-96.547774,28.270798],[-96.694666,28.18212],[-96.849624,28.064939],[-96.966996,27.950531],[-97.166682,27.676583],[-97.30447,27.407734],[-97.350398,27.268105],[-97.370941,27.161166],[-97.37913,27.047996],[-97.370731,26.909706],[-97.333028,26.736479],[-97.194644,26.306513],[-97.154271,26.066841],[-97.169842,26.077853],[-97.194458,26.27164],[-97.240849,26.411504]]],[[[-94.886539,29.510724],[-94.894747,29.52697],[-94.87675,29.507922],[-94.886539,29.510724]]],[[[-97.868235,26.056656],[-97.88653,26.066339],[-97.967358,26.051718],[-97.981335,26.067182],[-98.028759,26.06647],[-98.039239,26.041275],[-98.070021,26.047992],[-98.084755,26.070808],[-98.091038,26.059169],[-98.105505,26.067537],[-98.146622,26.049412],[-98.177897,26.074672],[-98.197046,26.056153],[-98.220673,26.076467],[-98.248806,26.073101],[-98.264514,26.085507],[-98.277218,26.098802],[-98.265698,26.12037],[-98.296195,26.120321],[-98.302979,26.11005],[-98.323828,26.121249],[-98.336837,26.166432],[-98.354645,26.15304],[-98.386694,26.157872],[-98.404433,26.182564],[-98.442536,26.199151],[-98.450976,26.219904],[-98.496684,26.212853],[-98.543852,26.234492],[-98.576188,26.235221],[-98.599154,26.257612],[-98.669397,26.23632],[-98.681167,26.26271],[-98.745272,26.303096],[-98.755242,26.3251],[-98.789822,26.331575],[-98.807348,26.369421],[-98.890965,26.357569],[-98.921277,26.381426],[-98.950186,26.380303],[-98.967587,26.398266],[-99.008003,26.395459],[-99.032316,26.412082],[-99.082002,26.39651],[-99.110855,26.426278],[-99.091635,26.476977],[-99.127782,26.525199],[-99.166742,26.536079],[-99.178064,26.620547],[-99.209948,26.693938],[-99.208907,26.724761],[-99.240023,26.745851],[-99.242444,26.788262],[-99.268613,26.843213],[-99.295146,26.86544],[-99.316753,26.865831],[-99.3289,26.879761],[-99.324684,26.915973],[-99.379149,26.93449],[-99.393748,26.96073],[-99.377312,26.973819],[-99.415476,27.01724],[-99.42938,27.010833],[-99.446524,27.023008],[-99.452316,27.062669],[-99.429209,27.090982],[-99.442123,27.106839],[-99.426348,27.176262],[-99.441549,27.24992],[-99.463309,27.268437],[-99.492407,27.264118],[-99.494604,27.303542],[-99.536443,27.312538],[-99.504837,27.338289],[-99.487521,27.412396],[-99.495104,27.451518],[-99.480419,27.481596],[-99.497519,27.500496],[-99.52582,27.496696],[-99.515978,27.572131],[-99.55495,27.614454],[-99.580006,27.602251],[-99.578099,27.619196],[-99.594038,27.638573],[-99.638929,27.626758],[-99.665948,27.635968],[-99.668942,27.659974],[-99.711511,27.658365],[-99.77074,27.732134],[-99.796342,27.735586],[-99.813086,27.773952],[-99.835127,27.762881],[-99.850877,27.793974],[-99.877677,27.799427],[-99.876003,27.837968],[-99.904385,27.875284],[-99.895828,27.904178],[-99.937142,27.940537],[-99.931812,27.980967],[-99.991447,27.99456],[-100.017914,28.064787],[-100.053123,28.08473],[-100.083393,28.144035],[-100.208059,28.190383],[-100.22363,28.235224],[-100.2462,28.234092],[-100.289384,28.273491],[-100.286471,28.312296],[-100.341869,28.384953],[-100.349586,28.402604],[-100.337797,28.44296],[-100.368288,28.477196],[-100.333814,28.499252],[-100.38886,28.515748],[-100.411414,28.551899],[-100.398385,28.584884],[-100.44732,28.609325],[-100.445529,28.637144],[-100.495863,28.658569],[-100.510055,28.690723],[-100.507613,28.740599],[-100.533017,28.76328],[-100.53583,28.805888],[-100.547324,28.825817],[-100.57051,28.826317],[-100.602054,28.901944],[-100.640568,28.914212],[-100.651512,28.943432],[-100.645894,28.986421],[-100.674656,29.099777],[-100.772649,29.168492],[-100.767059,29.195287],[-100.785521,29.228137],[-100.795681,29.22773],[-100.797671,29.246943],[-100.876049,29.279585],[-100.886842,29.307848],[-100.948972,29.347246],[-101.004207,29.364772],[-101.060151,29.458661],[-101.151877,29.477005],[-101.173821,29.514566],[-101.254895,29.520342],[-101.242023,29.592512],[-101.259127,29.607284],[-101.307332,29.587847],[-101.311219,29.648491],[-101.361756,29.657821],[-101.415402,29.756561],[-101.441059,29.753451],[-101.475269,29.780663],[-101.522695,29.759671],[-101.546797,29.796991],[-101.582562,29.771334],[-101.625958,29.771063],[-101.646418,29.754304],[-101.662453,29.77128],[-101.706636,29.762737],[-101.852604,29.801895],[-101.922585,29.790161],[-101.974548,29.810276],[-101.987539,29.801057],[-102.034759,29.804028],[-102.050044,29.78507],[-102.115682,29.79239],[-102.159601,29.814356],[-102.181894,29.846034],[-102.227553,29.843534],[-102.315389,29.87992],[-102.364542,29.845387],[-102.386678,29.76688],[-102.508313,29.783219],[-102.513381,29.76576],[-102.539417,29.751629],[-102.559343,29.760377],[-102.630151,29.734315],[-102.670971,29.741954],[-102.698347,29.695591],[-102.693466,29.676507],[-102.742031,29.632142],[-102.739991,29.599041],[-102.768341,29.594734],[-102.771429,29.548546],[-102.808692,29.522319],[-102.807327,29.494009],[-102.832539,29.433109],[-102.824564,29.399558],[-102.843021,29.357988],[-102.879534,29.353327],[-102.888328,29.291947],[-102.906296,29.260011],[-102.871347,29.241625],[-102.866846,29.225015],[-102.890064,29.208814],[-102.915866,29.215878],[-102.917805,29.190697],[-102.944911,29.18882],[-102.953475,29.176308],[-102.989432,29.183174],[-103.015028,29.12577],[-103.035683,29.103029],[-103.074407,29.088534],[-103.100266,29.0577],[-103.113922,28.988547],[-103.156646,28.972831],[-103.227801,28.991532],[-103.239109,28.981651],[-103.260308,28.989731],[-103.28119,28.982138],[-103.341463,29.041224],[-103.355428,29.021529],[-103.427754,29.042334],[-103.471265,29.073115],[-103.503236,29.11911],[-103.524613,29.120998],[-103.523384,29.133389],[-103.558679,29.154962],[-103.645635,29.159286],[-103.71377,29.185008],[-103.816642,29.270927],[-103.975235,29.296017],[-104.038282,29.320156],[-104.106467,29.373127],[-104.166563,29.399352],[-104.233487,29.492734],[-104.318074,29.527938],[-104.334811,29.519463],[-104.381041,29.543406],[-104.399591,29.572319],[-104.507568,29.639624],[-104.539761,29.676074],[-104.565688,29.770462],[-104.679772,29.924659],[-104.679661,29.975272],[-104.706874,30.050685],[-104.685003,30.085643],[-104.695366,30.13213],[-104.687296,30.179464],[-104.713166,30.237957],[-104.733822,30.261221],[-104.749664,30.26126],[-104.761634,30.301148],[-104.809794,30.334926],[-104.824314,30.370466],[-104.859521,30.390413],[-104.85242,30.418792],[-104.876787,30.511004],[-104.924796,30.604832],[-104.967167,30.608107],[-105.002057,30.680972],[-105.062334,30.686303],[-105.113816,30.746001],[-105.152362,30.751452],[-105.195144,30.792138],[-105.255416,30.797029],[-105.287238,30.822206],[-105.314863,30.816961],[-105.360672,30.847384],[-105.394242,30.852979],[-105.399609,30.888941],[-105.533088,30.984859],[-105.55743,30.990229],[-105.60333,31.082625],[-105.64189,31.098322],[-105.646731,31.113908],[-105.709491,31.136375],[-105.742678,31.164897],[-105.773257,31.166897],[-105.779725,31.191283],[-105.869353,31.288634],[-105.938452,31.318735],[-105.953943,31.364749],[-106.004926,31.392458],[-106.080258,31.398702],[-106.203969,31.465378],[-106.246203,31.541153],[-106.280811,31.562062],[-106.303536,31.620413],[-106.378039,31.72831],[-106.451541,31.764808],[-106.484642,31.747809],[-106.542097,31.802146],[-106.602727,31.825024],[-106.605845,31.846305],[-106.635926,31.866235],[-106.629197,31.883717],[-106.645296,31.894859],[-106.614346,31.918003],[-106.623933,31.925335],[-106.614702,31.956],[-106.622819,31.952891],[-106.618745,31.966955],[-106.638186,31.97682],[-106.618486,32.000495],[-103.064423,32.000518],[-103.064625,32.999899],[-103.043531,34.018014],[-103.041924,36.500439],[-100.003762,36.499699],[-100.000381,34.560509],[-99.929334,34.576714],[-99.825325,34.497596],[-99.754248,34.421289],[-99.696462,34.381036],[-99.665992,34.374185],[-99.600026,34.374688],[-99.569696,34.418418],[-99.499875,34.409608],[-99.430995,34.373414],[-99.399603,34.375079],[-99.394956,34.442099],[-99.381011,34.456936],[-99.358795,34.455863],[-99.318363,34.408296],[-99.289922,34.414731],[-99.264167,34.405149],[-99.25898,34.391243],[-99.273958,34.38756],[-99.242945,34.372668],[-99.233274,34.344101],[-99.210716,34.336304],[-99.211648,34.292232],[-99.19457,34.272424],[-99.189511,34.214312],[-99.159016,34.20888],[-99.130609,34.219408],[-99.126567,34.203004],[-99.079535,34.211518],[-99.048792,34.198209],[-99.013075,34.203222],[-98.990852,34.221633],[-98.974132,34.203566],[-98.952513,34.21265],[-98.909349,34.177499],[-98.872922,34.166584],[-98.868116,34.149635],[-98.8579,34.159627],[-98.812954,34.158444],[-98.749291,34.124238],[-98.735471,34.135208],[-98.696518,34.133521],[-98.648073,34.164441],[-98.603978,34.160249],[-98.577136,34.148962],[-98.486328,34.062598],[-98.414426,34.085074],[-98.384381,34.146317],[-98.367494,34.156191],[-98.16912,34.114171],[-98.114506,34.154727],[-98.09066,34.12198],[-98.120208,34.072127],[-98.099096,34.048639],[-98.104022,34.036233],[-98.088203,34.005481],[-98.027672,33.993357],[-97.978243,34.005387],[-97.947572,33.991053],[-97.974173,33.942832],[-97.955511,33.938186],[-97.957155,33.914454],[-97.983552,33.904002],[-97.967777,33.88243],[-97.877387,33.850236],[-97.834333,33.857671],[-97.784657,33.890632],[-97.783717,33.91056],[-97.76377,33.914241],[-97.762768,33.934396],[-97.725289,33.941045],[-97.69311,33.983699],[-97.671772,33.99137],[-97.589598,33.953554],[-97.589254,33.903922],[-97.551541,33.897947],[-97.50096,33.919643],[-97.460376,33.903948],[-97.451469,33.87093],[-97.462857,33.841772],[-97.426493,33.819398],[-97.365507,33.823763],[-97.33294,33.87444],[-97.315913,33.865838],[-97.299245,33.880175],[-97.256625,33.863286],[-97.24618,33.900344],[-97.210921,33.916064],[-97.179609,33.89225],[-97.166629,33.847311],[-97.203514,33.821825],[-97.205431,33.801488],[-97.172192,33.737545],[-97.126102,33.716941],[-97.086195,33.743933],[-97.087999,33.808747],[-97.058623,33.818752],[-97.052209,33.841737],[-97.023899,33.844213],[-96.985567,33.886522],[-96.996183,33.941728],[-96.979415,33.956178],[-96.973807,33.935697],[-96.9163,33.957798],[-96.875281,33.860505],[-96.85609,33.84749],[-96.837413,33.871349],[-96.794276,33.868886],[-96.761588,33.824406],[-96.704457,33.835021],[-96.667187,33.91694],[-96.630117,33.895422],[-96.592948,33.895616],[-96.590112,33.880665],[-96.625399,33.856542],[-96.623155,33.841483],[-96.572937,33.819098],[-96.523863,33.818114],[-96.502286,33.77346],[-96.422643,33.776041],[-96.348306,33.686379],[-96.309964,33.710489],[-96.294867,33.764771],[-96.277269,33.769735],[-96.220521,33.74739],[-96.178059,33.760518],[-96.162757,33.788769],[-96.178964,33.810553],[-96.150765,33.816987],[-96.15163,33.831946],[-96.138905,33.839159],[-96.09936,33.83047],[-96.101349,33.845721],[-96.005296,33.845505],[-95.991487,33.866869],[-95.951609,33.857017],[-95.936132,33.886826],[-95.831948,33.835161],[-95.821666,33.856633],[-95.805149,33.861304],[-95.776255,33.845145],[-95.75431,33.853992],[-95.761916,33.883402],[-95.747335,33.895756],[-95.696962,33.885218],[-95.669978,33.905844],[-95.636978,33.906613],[-95.599678,33.934247],[-95.556915,33.92702],[-95.545197,33.880294],[-95.515302,33.891142],[-95.492028,33.874822],[-95.461499,33.883686],[-95.464211,33.873372],[-95.44737,33.86885],[-95.339122,33.868873],[-95.334523,33.885788],[-95.283445,33.877746],[-95.280351,33.896751],[-95.255747,33.902939],[-95.252906,33.933648],[-95.219358,33.961567],[-95.121184,33.931307],[-95.093929,33.895963],[-95.061065,33.895292],[-95.049025,33.86409],[-95.008376,33.866089],[-94.983303,33.851354],[-94.976208,33.859847],[-94.948716,33.818023],[-94.91945,33.810176],[-94.919614,33.786305],[-94.879218,33.764912],[-94.8693,33.745871],[-94.830804,33.740068],[-94.817427,33.752172],[-94.798634,33.744527],[-94.775064,33.755038],[-94.762961,33.731787],[-94.742576,33.727009],[-94.732384,33.700254],[-94.714865,33.707261],[-94.710725,33.691654],[-94.684792,33.684353],[-94.659167,33.692138],[-94.646113,33.6693],[-94.57962,33.677623],[-94.520725,33.616567],[-94.491503,33.625115],[-94.485875,33.637867],[-94.448637,33.642766],[-94.468086,33.599436],[-94.430039,33.591124],[-94.413155,33.569368],[-94.378076,33.577019],[-94.397398,33.562314],[-94.389515,33.546778],[-94.355945,33.54318],[-94.345513,33.567313],[-94.309582,33.551673],[-94.289129,33.582144],[-94.280849,33.577187],[-94.290901,33.558872],[-94.27909,33.557026],[-94.245932,33.589114],[-94.237975,33.577757],[-94.250197,33.556765],[-94.226392,33.552912],[-94.205634,33.567229],[-94.193248,33.556154],[-94.192483,33.570425],[-94.217408,33.57926],[-94.183913,33.594682],[-94.152626,33.575923],[-94.146048,33.581975],[-94.14852,33.565678],[-94.136864,33.571],[-94.128658,33.550952],[-94.088943,33.575322],[-94.061283,33.568805],[-94.055663,33.561887],[-94.073744,33.558285],[-94.06548,33.550909],[-94.04604,33.551321],[-94.04272,31.999265],[-94.018664,31.990843],[-93.971712,31.920384],[-93.923929,31.88985],[-93.904766,31.890599],[-93.874761,31.821661],[-93.827451,31.777741],[-93.830647,31.745811],[-93.802694,31.697783],[-93.826462,31.666919],[-93.816838,31.622509],[-93.838057,31.606795],[-93.834924,31.586211],[-93.798087,31.534044],[-93.743376,31.525196],[-93.725925,31.504092],[-93.74987,31.475276],[-93.70093,31.437784],[-93.704879,31.410881],[-93.674117,31.397681],[-93.665052,31.363886],[-93.687851,31.309835],[-93.642516,31.269508],[-93.620343,31.271025],[-93.598828,31.174679],[-93.588503,31.165581],[-93.535097,31.185614],[-93.551693,31.097258],[-93.52301,31.065241],[-93.516943,31.032584],[-93.539526,31.008498],[-93.566017,31.004567],[-93.571906,30.987614],[-93.526245,30.939411],[-93.567788,30.888302],[-93.554057,30.824941],[-93.561666,30.807739],[-93.584265,30.796663],[-93.592828,30.763986],[-93.619129,30.742002],[-93.611192,30.718053],[-93.629904,30.67994],[-93.6831,30.640763],[-93.684329,30.592586],[-93.727844,30.57407],[-93.729195,30.544842],[-93.740253,30.539569],[-93.714322,30.518562],[-93.697828,30.443838],[-93.757654,30.390423],[-93.765822,30.333318],[-93.708645,30.288317],[-93.705083,30.242752],[-93.720946,30.209852],[-93.688212,30.141376],[-93.701252,30.137376],[-93.702436,30.112721],[-93.732485,30.088914],[-93.70082,30.056274],[-93.720805,30.053043],[-93.739734,30.023987],[-93.786935,29.99058],[-93.838374,29.882855],[-93.927992,29.80964],[-93.926504,29.78956],[-93.89847,29.771577],[-93.891637,29.744618],[-93.873941,29.73777],[-93.837971,29.690619],[-93.866981,29.673085],[-94.001406,29.681486],[-94.132577,29.646217],[-94.594853,29.467903],[-94.694158,29.415632],[-94.731047,29.369141],[-94.778691,29.361483],[-94.783131,29.375642],[-94.766848,29.393489],[-94.6724,29.476843],[-94.608557,29.483345],[-94.566674,29.531988],[-94.532348,29.5178],[-94.495025,29.525031],[-94.503429,29.54325],[-94.522421,29.545672],[-94.553988,29.573882],[-94.740699,29.525858],[-94.783296,29.535314],[-94.78954,29.546494],[-94.755237,29.562782],[-94.708741,29.625226],[-94.693154,29.694453],[-94.695317,29.723052],[-94.735271,29.785433],[-94.816085,29.75671],[-94.851108,29.721373],[-94.872551,29.67125],[-94.893107,29.661336],[-94.915413,29.656614],[-94.936089,29.692704],[-94.965963,29.70033],[-95.015636,29.639457],[-94.982936,29.60167],[-95.016889,29.548303],[-94.981916,29.511141],[-94.909898,29.49691],[-94.930861,29.450504],[-94.8908,29.433432],[-94.893994,29.30817],[-94.921593,29.281556],[-94.952526,29.290122],[-95.099101,29.173529],[-95.151925,29.151162],[-95.16525,29.113566],[-95.136221,29.084537],[-94.879239,29.285839],[-94.824953,29.306005],[-94.822307,29.344254],[-94.810696,29.353435],[-94.784895,29.335535],[-94.72253,29.331446],[-95.081773,29.111222],[-95.38239,28.866348],[-95.439594,28.859022],[-95.812504,28.664942],[-96.220376,28.491966],[-96.378616,28.383909],[-96.37596,28.401682],[-96.335119,28.437795],[-96.223825,28.495067],[-96.21505,28.509679],[-95.98616,28.606319],[-95.978526,28.650594],[-95.996338,28.658736],[-96.006516,28.648049],[-96.047737,28.649067],[-96.221784,28.580364],[-96.233998,28.596649],[-96.212624,28.622604],[-96.230944,28.641433],[-96.192267,28.687744],[-96.19583,28.69894],[-96.222802,28.698431],[-96.287942,28.683164],[-96.304227,28.671459],[-96.303718,28.644996],[-96.373439,28.626675],[-96.487943,28.569677],[-96.485907,28.607845],[-96.510844,28.61497],[-96.499648,28.635835],[-96.563262,28.644487],[-96.572931,28.667897],[-96.561226,28.696395],[-96.584091,28.722798],[-96.664534,28.696904],[-96.61059,28.638889],[-96.61975,28.627693],[-96.611099,28.585962],[-96.565297,28.5824],[-96.561226,28.570695],[-96.526111,28.557972],[-96.505755,28.525911],[-96.402446,28.449066],[-96.59176,28.357462],[-96.672677,28.335579],[-96.705247,28.348811],[-96.710336,28.406827],[-96.772209,28.408074],[-96.794554,28.365688],[-96.791761,28.31217],[-96.809573,28.290287],[-96.787181,28.255681],[-96.800413,28.224128],[-96.934765,28.123873],[-96.962755,28.123365],[-97.027014,28.148408],[-97.021303,28.1841],[-97.037008,28.185528],[-97.153601,28.13318],[-97.214039,28.087494],[-97.21535,28.076575],[-97.176444,28.059892],[-97.137421,28.057037],[-97.025693,28.11216],[-97.035528,28.084688],[-97.025859,28.041939],[-97.129168,27.919801],[-97.186709,27.825453],[-97.219738,27.823939],[-97.250797,27.876035],[-97.272253,27.881427],[-97.379042,27.837867],[-97.393291,27.782905],[-97.368355,27.741683],[-97.316446,27.712676],[-97.253955,27.696696],[-97.296598,27.613947],[-97.294054,27.5941],[-97.321535,27.571199],[-97.401942,27.335574],[-97.508304,27.275014],[-97.532223,27.278577],[-97.544437,27.284175],[-97.498126,27.308602],[-97.502706,27.322343],[-97.483877,27.338628],[-97.48693,27.358984],[-97.501688,27.366618],[-97.609068,27.285193],[-97.63146,27.28621],[-97.640111,27.270943],[-97.628916,27.242953],[-97.54291,27.229213],[-97.42408,27.264073],[-97.443673,27.116235],[-97.45665,27.099695],[-97.495836,27.094098],[-97.477515,27.066108],[-97.48693,27.057711],[-97.486676,27.03481],[-97.473444,27.02285],[-97.478533,26.999186],[-97.555378,26.99028],[-97.555378,26.93888],[-97.540874,26.90631],[-97.563266,26.842188],[-97.509831,26.803511],[-97.468609,26.740915],[-97.445708,26.609362],[-97.416955,26.553637],[-97.441383,26.455418],[-97.41721,26.44982],[-97.42179,26.417249],[-97.382485,26.411326],[-97.369627,26.394603],[-97.388965,26.36585],[-97.387947,26.330481],[-97.358176,26.356435],[-97.335275,26.355672],[-97.336802,26.331753],[-97.352833,26.318521],[-97.343927,26.267376],[-97.311866,26.273737],[-97.307031,26.253126],[-97.32128,26.236078],[-97.296598,26.200709],[-97.306776,26.159487],[-97.282094,26.120301],[-97.294054,26.11394],[-97.270898,26.086459],[-97.199651,26.077044],[-97.195071,26.04193],[-97.224842,26.027426],[-97.219244,25.996128],[-97.208557,25.991802],[-97.167208,26.007069],[-97.162628,26.023482],[-97.18273,26.053126],[-97.152009,26.062108],[-97.146294,25.955606],[-97.276707,25.952147],[-97.277163,25.935438],[-97.350398,25.925241],[-97.37443,25.907444],[-97.360082,25.868874],[-97.372864,25.840117],[-97.422636,25.840378],[-97.445113,25.850026],[-97.454727,25.879337],[-97.521762,25.886458],[-97.546421,25.934077],[-97.582565,25.937857],[-97.583044,25.955443],[-97.598043,25.957556],[-97.643708,26.016943],[-97.758838,26.032131],[-97.789823,26.04246],[-97.801344,26.060017],[-97.868235,26.056656]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Texas\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"24","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7ef8e4b0c8380cd7a84b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kharaka, Yousif K. 0000-0001-9861-8260 ykharaka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9861-8260","contributorId":1928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kharaka","given":"Yousif","email":"ykharaka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thordsen, James J. jthordsn@usgs.gov","contributorId":3329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thordsen","given":"James J.","email":"jthordsn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hovorka, Susan D.","contributorId":175572,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hovorka","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nance, H. Seay","contributorId":59310,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nance","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"Seay","affiliations":[{"id":12933,"text":"Bureau of Economic Geology, The University of Texas at Austin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":449177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cole, David R.","contributorId":79044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Phelps, Tommy J.","contributorId":175588,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Phelps","given":"Tommy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Knauss, Kevin G.","contributorId":177240,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knauss","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":13621,"text":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":449176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70037136,"text":"70037136 - 2009 - Is there evidence of adaptation to tidal flooding in saplings of baldcypress subjected to different salinity regimes?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-27T13:40:25","indexId":"70037136","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1575,"text":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Is there evidence of adaptation to tidal flooding in saplings of baldcypress subjected to different salinity regimes?","docAbstract":"Plant populations may adapt to environmental conditions over time by developing genetically based morphological or physiological characteristics. For tidal freshwater forested wetlands, we hypothesized that the conditions under which trees developed led to ecotypic difference in response of progeny to hydroperiod. Specifically, we looked for evidence of ecotypic adaptation for tidal flooding at different salinity regimes using growth and ecophysiological characteristics of two tidal and two non-tidal source collections of baldcypress (Taxodium distichum (L.) L.C. Rich) from the southeastern United States. Saplings were subjected to treatments of hydrology (permanent versus tidal flooding) and salinity (0 versus ???2 g l<sup>-1</sup>) for two and a half growing seasons in a greenhouse environment. Saplings from tidal sources maintained 21-41% lower overall growth and biomass accumulation than saplings from non-tidal sources, while saplings from non-tidal sources maintained 14-19% lower overall rates of net photosynthetic assimilation, leaf transpiration, and stomatal conductance than saplings from tidal sources. However, we found no evidence for growth or physiological enhancement of saplings from tidal sources to tide, or of saplings from non-tidal sources to no tide. All saplings growing under permanent flooding exhibited reduced growth and leaf gas exchange regardless of source, with little evidence for consistent salinity effects across hydroperiods. While we reject our original hypothesis, we suggest that adaptations of coastal baldcypress to broad (rather than narrow) environmental conditions may promote ecophysiological and growth enhancements under a range of global-change-induced stressors, perhaps reflecting a natural resilience to environmental change while precluding adaptations for specific flood regimes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2009.05.005","issn":"00988472","usgsCitation":"Krauss, K., Doyle, T., and Howard, R., 2009, Is there evidence of adaptation to tidal flooding in saplings of baldcypress subjected to different salinity regimes?: Environmental and Experimental Botany, v. 67, no. 1, p. 118-126, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2009.05.005.","startPage":"118","endPage":"126","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245310,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217366,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2009.05.005"}],"volume":"67","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3f34e4b0c8380cd64344","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krauss, K. W. 0000-0003-2195-0729","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-0729","contributorId":19517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krauss","given":"K. W.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":459546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doyle, T.W. 0000-0001-5754-0671","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5754-0671","contributorId":16783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doyle","given":"T.W.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":459545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Howard, R.J. 0000-0001-7264-4364","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7264-4364","contributorId":86452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":459547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70037126,"text":"70037126 - 2009 - Rapid changes in small fish mercury concentrations in estuarine wetlands: Implications for wildlife risk and monitoring programs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-03T10:32:44","indexId":"70037126","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid changes in small fish mercury concentrations in estuarine wetlands: Implications for wildlife risk and monitoring programs","docAbstract":"Small fish are commonly used to assess mercury (Hg) risk to wildlife and monitor Hg in wetlands. However, limited research has evaluated short-term Hg variability in small fish, which can have important implications for monitoring programs and risk assessment. We conducted a time-series study of Hg concentrations in two small fish species representing benthic (longjaw mudsuckers [Gillichthys mirabilis]) and pelagic (threespine sticklebacks [Gasterosteus aculeatus]) food-webs within three wetland habitats in San Francisco Bay Estuary. We simultaneously monitored prey deliveries, nest initiation, and chick hatching dates of breeding Forster's terns (Sterna forsteri), the most abundant nesting piscivore in the region. Mudsuckers and sticklebacks were the predominant prey fish, comprising 36% and 25% of tern diet, and Hg concentrations averaged (geometric mean ?? SE, ??g/g dw) 0.44 ?? 0.01 and 0.68 ?? 0.03, respectively. Fish Hg concentrations varied substantially over time following a quadratic form in both species, increasing 40% between March and May then decreasing 40% between May and July. Importantly, Forster's terns initiated 68% of nests and 31% of chicks hatched during the period of peak Hg concentrations in prey fish. These results illustrate the importance of short-term temporal variation in small fish Hg concentrations for both Hg monitoring programs and assessing wildlife risk.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es901400c","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Eagles-Smith, C.A., and Ackerman, J., 2009, Rapid changes in small fish mercury concentrations in estuarine wetlands: Implications for wildlife risk and monitoring programs: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 43, no. 22, p. 8658-8664, https://doi.org/10.1021/es901400c.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"8658","endPage":"8664","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245146,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217219,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es901400c"}],"volume":"43","issue":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-10-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a94c5e4b0c8380cd815ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eagles-Smith, Collin A. 0000-0003-1329-5285 ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1329-5285","contributorId":505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eagles-Smith","given":"Collin","email":"ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":459501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ackerman, Joshua T. 0000-0002-3074-8322 jackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-8322","contributorId":147078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Joshua T.","email":"jackerman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":459500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035465,"text":"70035465 - 2009 - Petrology and geochronology of crustal xenoliths from the Bering Strait region: Linking deep and shallow processes in extending continental crust","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:56","indexId":"70035465","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrology and geochronology of crustal xenoliths from the Bering Strait region: Linking deep and shallow processes in extending continental crust","docAbstract":"Petrologic, geochemical, and metamorphic data on gneissic xenoliths derived from the middle and lower crust in the Neogene Bering Sea basalt province, coupled with U-Pb geochronology of their zircons using sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe-reverse geometry (SHRIMP-RG), yield a detailed comparison between the P-T-t and magmatic history of the lower crust and magmatic, metamorphic, and deformational history of the upper crust. Our results provide unique insights into the nature of lithospheric processes that accompany the extension of continental crust. The gneissic, mostly maficxenoliths (constituting less than two percent of the total xenolith population) from lavas in the Enmelen, RU, St. Lawrence, Nunivak, and Seward Peninsula fields most likely originated through magmatic fractionation processes with continued residence at granulite-facies conditions. Zircon single-grain ages (n ??? 125) are interpreted as both magmatic and metamorphic and are entirely Cretaceous to Paleocene in age (ca. 138-60 Ma). Their age distributions correspond to the main ages of magmatism in two belts of supracrustal volcanic and plutonic rocks in the Bering Sea region. Oscillatory-zoned igneous zircons, Late Cretaceous to Paleocene metamorphic zircons and overgrowths, and lack of any older inheritance in zircons from the xenoliths provide strong evidence for juvenile addition of material to the crust at this time. Surface exposures of Precambrian and Paleozoic rocks locally reached upper amphibolite-facies (sillimanite grade) to granulite-facies conditions within a series of extension-related metamorphic culminations or gneiss domes, which developed within the Cretaceous magmatic belt. Metamorphic gradients and inferred geotherms (??30-50 ??C/km) from both the gneiss domes and xenoliths aretoo high to be explained by crustal thickening alone. Magmatic heat input from the mantle is necessary to explain both the petrology of the magmas and elevated metamorphic temperatures. Deep-crustal seismic-reflection and refraction data reveal a 30-35-km-thick crust, a sharp Moho and refl ective lower and middle crust. Velocities do not support a largely mafic (underplated) lower crust, but together with xenolith data suggest that Late Cretaceous to early Paleocene maficintrusions are likely increasingly important with depth in the crust and that the elevated temperatures during granulite-facies metamorphism led to large-scale flow of crustal rocks to produce gneiss domes and the observed subhorizontal refl ectivity of the crust. This unique combined data set for the Bering Shelf region provides compelling evidence for the complete reconstitution/re-equilibration of continental crust from the bottom up during mantle-driven magmatic events associated with crustal extension. Thus, despite Precambrian and Paleozoic rocks at the surface and Alaska's accretionary tectonic history, it is likely that a significant portion of the Bering Sea region lower crust is much younger and related to post-accretionary tectonic and magmatic events. ?? 2009 The Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2009.2456(02)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Akinin, V., Miller, E.L., and Wooden, J.L., 2009, Petrology and geochronology of crustal xenoliths from the Bering Strait region: Linking deep and shallow processes in extending continental crust: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 456, p. 39-68, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.2456(02).","startPage":"39","endPage":"68","numberOfPages":"30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215132,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2009.2456(02)"},{"id":242910,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"456","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a781fe4b0c8380cd7863e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Akinin, V.V.","contributorId":49583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Akinin","given":"V.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, E. L.","contributorId":75583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036001,"text":"70036001 - 2009 - Quantifying fluxes and characterizing compositional changes of dissolved organic matter in aquatic systems in situ using combined acoustic and optical measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T11:34:21","indexId":"70036001","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2622,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography: Methods","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying fluxes and characterizing compositional changes of dissolved organic matter in aquatic systems in situ using combined acoustic and optical measurements","docAbstract":"Studying the dynamics and geochemical behavior of dissolved and particulate organic material is difficult because concentration and composition may rapidly change in response to aperiodic as well as periodic physical and biological forcing. Here we describe a method useful for quantifying fluxes and analyzing dissolved organic matter (DOM) dynamics. The method uses coupled optical and acoustic measurements that provide robust quantitative estimates of concentrations and constituent characteristics needed to investigate processes and calculate fluxes of DOM in tidal and other lotic environments. Data were collected several times per hour for 2 weeks or more, with the frequency and duration limited only by power consumption and data storage capacity. We assessed the capabilities and limitations of the method using data from a winter deployment in a natural tidal wetland of the San Francisco Bay estuary. We used statistical correlation of in situ optical data with traditional laboratory analyses of discrete water samples to calibrate optical properties suited as proxies for DOM concentrations and characterizations. Coupled with measurements of flow velocity, we calculated long-term residual horizontal fluxes of DOC into and out from a tidal wetland. Subsampling the dataset provides an estimate for the maximum sampling interval beyond which the error in flux estimate is significantly increased.?? 2009, by the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography, Inc.","language":"English","publisher":"ASLO","doi":"10.4319/lom.2009.7.119","issn":"15415856","usgsCitation":"Downing, B., Boss, E., Bergamaschi, B., Fleck, J., Lionberger, M.A., Ganju, N., Schoellhamer, D., and Fujii, R., 2009, Quantifying fluxes and characterizing compositional changes of dissolved organic matter in aquatic systems in situ using combined acoustic and optical measurements: Limnology and Oceanography: Methods, v. 7, no. 1, p. 119-131, https://doi.org/10.4319/lom.2009.7.119.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"119","endPage":"131","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476201,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4319/lom.2009.7.119","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244031,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-01-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91cce4b0c8380cd8047a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Downing, B.D. 0000-0002-2007-5304","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2007-5304","contributorId":71681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downing","given":"B.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boss, E.","contributorId":59544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boss","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bergamaschi, B.A. 0000-0002-9610-5581","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":22401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"B.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fleck, J.A. 0000-0002-3217-3972","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3217-3972","contributorId":35864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleck","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lionberger, M. A.","contributorId":96494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lionberger","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ganju, N. K. 0000-0002-1096-0465","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1096-0465","contributorId":64782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ganju","given":"N. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schoellhamer, D. H. 0000-0001-9488-7340","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":85624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"D. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fujii, R.","contributorId":32278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fujii","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70044727,"text":"70044727 - 2009 - The final word on fines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-05T12:20:41","indexId":"70044727","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":674,"text":"Aggregates Manager","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The final word on fines","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aggregates Manager","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Randall Reilly","usgsCitation":"Langer, W.H., 2009, The final word on fines: Aggregates Manager, v. 14, no. 9, p. 40-40.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"40","endPage":"40","ipdsId":"IP-012934","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273316,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b05defe4b030b519801323","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langer, W. H.","contributorId":44932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langer","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70044735,"text":"70044735 - 2009 - Welcome to dreamland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-05T12:22:25","indexId":"70044735","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":674,"text":"Aggregates Manager","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Welcome to dreamland","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aggregates Manager","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Randall Reilly","usgsCitation":"Langer, W.H., 2009, Welcome to dreamland: Aggregates Manager, v. 14, no. 10, p. 40-40.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"40","endPage":"40","ipdsId":"IP-014637","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273317,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b05df1e4b030b519801366","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langer, W. H.","contributorId":44932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langer","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70037095,"text":"70037095 - 2009 - Feldspar dissolution rates in the Topopah Spring Tuff, Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-30T12:18:54.305609","indexId":"70037095","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Feldspar dissolution rates in the Topopah Spring Tuff, Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id10\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id11\"><p>Two different field-based methods are used here to calculate feldspar dissolution rates in the Topopah Spring Tuff, the host rock for the proposed nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. The center of the tuff is a high silica rhyolite, consisting largely of alkali feldspar (∼60&nbsp;wt%) and quartz polymorphs (∼35&nbsp;wt%) that formed by devitrification of rhyolitic glass as the tuff cooled. First, the abundance of secondary aluminosilicates is used to estimate the cumulative amount of feldspar dissolution over the history of the tuff, and an ambient dissolution rate is calculated by using the estimated thermal history. Second, the feldspar dissolution rate is calculated by using measured Sr isotope compositions for the pore water and rock. Pore waters display systematic changes in Sr isotopic composition with depth that are caused by feldspar dissolution. The range in dissolution rates determined from secondary mineral abundances varies from 10<sup>−16</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>to 10<sup>−17</sup>&nbsp;mol&nbsp;s<sup>−1</sup>&nbsp;kg&nbsp;tuff<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>with the largest uncertainty being the effect of the early thermal history of the tuff. Dissolution rates based on pore water Sr isotopic data were calculated by treating percolation flux parametrically, and vary from 10<sup>−15</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>to 10<sup>−16</sup>&nbsp;mol&nbsp;s<sup>−1</sup>&nbsp;kg&nbsp;tuff<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>for percolation fluxes of 15&nbsp;mm&nbsp;a<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>and 1&nbsp;mm&nbsp;a<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. Reconciling the rates from the two methods requires that percolation fluxes at the sampled locations be a few mm&nbsp;a<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>or less. The calculated feldspar dissolution rates are low relative to other measured field-based feldspar dissolution rates, possibly due to the age (12.8&nbsp;Ma) of the unsaturated system at Yucca Mountain; because oxidizing and organic-poor conditions limit biological activity; and/or because elevated silica concentrations in the pore waters (∼50&nbsp;mg&nbsp;L<sup>−1</sup>) may inhibit feldspar dissolution.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.09.003","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Bryan, C., Helean, K., Marshall, B., and Brady, P., 2009, Feldspar dissolution rates in the Topopah Spring Tuff, Yucca Mountain, Nevada: Applied Geochemistry, v. 24, no. 11, p. 2133-2143, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.09.003.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2133","endPage":"2143","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245176,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Yucca Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.20675964290159,\n              36.66868420959018\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.20675964290159,\n              35.8358965222575\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.02023620540135,\n              35.8358965222575\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.02023620540135,\n              36.66868420959018\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.20675964290159,\n              36.66868420959018\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"24","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f79e4b0c8380cd538f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bryan, C.R.","contributorId":102302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryan","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Helean, K.B.","contributorId":96518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helean","given":"K.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marshall, B.D.","contributorId":19581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brady, P.V.","contributorId":96038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"P.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70193195,"text":"70193195 - 2009 - Genetic conservation and paddlefish propagation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-15T15:35:36","indexId":"70193195","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":718,"text":"American Fisheries Society Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic conservation and paddlefish propagation","docAbstract":"<p>The conservation of genetic diversity of our natural resources is overwhelmingly one of the central foci of 21st century management practices. Three recommendations related to the conservation of paddlefish Polyodon spathula genetic diversity are to (1) identify genetic diversity at both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA loci using a suggested list of 20 sampling locations, (2) use genetic diversity estimates to develop genetic management units, and (3) identify broodstock sources to minimize effects of supplemental stocking on the genetic integrity of native paddlefish populations. We review previous genetic work on paddlefish and described key principles and concepts associated with maintaining genetic diversity within and among paddlefish populations and also present a genetic case study of current paddlefish propagation at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Gavins Point National Fish Hatchery. This study confirmed that three potential sources of broodfish were genetically indistinguishable at the loci examined, allowing the management agencies cooperating on this program flexibility in sampling gametes. This study also showed significant bias in the hatchery occurred in terms of male reproductive contribution, which resulted in a shift in the genetic diversity of progeny compared to the broodfish. This shift was shown to result from differential male contributions, partially attributed to the mode of egg fertilization. Genetic insights enable implementation of a paddlefish propagation program within an adaptive management strategy that conserves inherent genetic diversity while achieving demographic goals.</p>","language":"English","publisher":" American Fisheries Society","usgsCitation":"Sloss, B.L., Klumb, R.A., and Heist, E., 2009, Genetic conservation and paddlefish propagation: American Fisheries Society Symposium, v. 66.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"327","ipdsId":"IP-010520","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348929,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","edition":"307","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a610cfde4b06e28e9c2576b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sloss, Brian L. bsloss@usgs.gov","contributorId":702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sloss","given":"Brian","email":"bsloss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":718150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klumb, Robert A.","contributorId":86606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klumb","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":561,"text":"South Dakota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5089,"text":"South Dakota State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":722285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heist, Edward J.","contributorId":44849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heist","given":"Edward J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70192509,"text":"70192509 - 2009 - Threats to Paddlefish habitat: Implications for conservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-28T15:19:40","indexId":"70192509","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":718,"text":"American Fisheries Society Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Threats to Paddlefish habitat: Implications for conservation","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"Paddlefish management, propagation, and conservation in the 21st Century","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","isbn":"978-1-934874-12-7","usgsCitation":"Gerken, J.E., and Paukert, C.P., 2009, Threats to Paddlefish habitat: Implications for conservation: American Fisheries Society Symposium, v. 66.","ipdsId":"IP-012211","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349489,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":349488,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://fisheries.org/bookstore/all-titles/afs-symposia/54066p/"}],"volume":"66","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a610cfee4b06e28e9c25771","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gerken, Joseph E.","contributorId":200961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gerken","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paukert, Craig P. 0000-0002-9369-8545 cpaukert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9369-8545","contributorId":147821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paukert","given":"Craig","email":"cpaukert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034004,"text":"70034004 - 2009 - Environmental and biomedical applications of natural metal stable isotope variations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:47","indexId":"70034004","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1490,"text":"Elements","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental and biomedical applications of natural metal stable isotope variations","docAbstract":"etal stable isotopes are now being used to trace metal contaminants in the environment and as indicators of human systemic function where metals play a role. Stable isotope abundance variations provide information about metal sources and the processes affecting metals in complex natural systems, complementing information gained from surrogate tracers, such as metal abundance ratios or biochemical markers of metal metabolism. The science is still in its infancy, but the results of initial studies confirm that metal stable isotopes can provide a powerful tool for forensic and biomedical investigations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Elements","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2113/gselements.5.6.381","issn":"18115209","usgsCitation":"Bullen, T., and Walczyk, T., 2009, Environmental and biomedical applications of natural metal stable isotope variations: Elements, v. 5, no. 6, p. 381-385, https://doi.org/10.2113/gselements.5.6.381.","startPage":"381","endPage":"385","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":495016,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/76127","text":"External Repository"},{"id":244797,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216898,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gselements.5.6.381"}],"volume":"5","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a099be4b0c8380cd51fae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bullen, T.D.","contributorId":79911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walczyk, T.","contributorId":80117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walczyk","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036890,"text":"70036890 - 2009 - A 1000-year record of dry conditions in the eastern Canadian prairies reconstructed from oxygen and carbon isotope measurements on Lake Winnipeg sediment organics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:00","indexId":"70036890","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2437,"text":"Journal of Quaternary Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A 1000-year record of dry conditions in the eastern Canadian prairies reconstructed from oxygen and carbon isotope measurements on Lake Winnipeg sediment organics","docAbstract":"A short sediment core (162 cm), covering the period AD 920-1999, was sampled from the south basin of Lake Winnipeg for a suite of multi-proxy analyses leading towards a detailed characterisation of the recent millennial lake environment and hydroclimate of southern Manitoba, Canada. Information on the frequency and duration of major dry periods in southern Manitoba, in light of the changes that are likely to occur as a result of an increasingly warming atmosphere, is of specific interest in this study. Intervals of relatively enriched lake sediment cellulose oxygen isotope values (??<sup>18</sup>O<sub>cellulose</sub>) were found to occur from AD 1180 to 1230 (error range: AD 1104-1231 to 1160-1280), 1610-1640 (error range: AD 1571-1634 to 1603-1662), 1670-1720 (error range: AD 1643-1697 to 1692-1738) and 1750-1780 (error range: AD 1724-1766 to 1756-1794). Regional water balance, inferred from calculated Lake Winnipeg water oxygen isotope values (??<sup>18</sup>O<sub>inf-lw</sub>), suggest that the ratio of lake evaporation to catchment input may have been 25-40% higher during these isotopically distinct periods. Associated with the enriched d??<sup>18</sup>O<sub>cellulose</sub> intervals are some depleted carbon isotope values associated with more abundantly preserved sediment organic matter (d??<sup>13</sup>C<sub>OM</sub>). These suggest reduced microbial oxidation of terrestrially derived organic matter and/or subdued lake productivity during periods of minimised input of nutrients from the catchment area. With reference to other corroborating evidence, it is suggested that the AD 1180-1230, 1610-1640, 1670-1720 and 1750-1780 intervals represent four distinctly drier periods (droughts) in southern Manitoba, Canada. Additionally, lower-magnitude and duration dry periods may have also occurred from 1320 to 1340 (error range: AD 1257-1363), 1530-1540 (error range: AD 1490-1565 to 1498-1572) and 1570-1580 (error range: AD 1531-1599 to 1539-1606). ?? 2009 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Quaternary Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/jqs.1293","issn":"02678179","usgsCitation":"Buhay, W., Simpson, S., Thorleifson, H., Lewis, M., King, J., Telka, A., Wilkinson, P.M., Babb, J., Timsic, S., and Bailey, D., 2009, A 1000-year record of dry conditions in the eastern Canadian prairies reconstructed from oxygen and carbon isotope measurements on Lake Winnipeg sediment organics: Journal of Quaternary Science, v. 24, no. 5, p. 426-436, https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.1293.","startPage":"426","endPage":"436","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487202,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/gsofacpubs/1686","text":"External Repository"},{"id":245649,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217689,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jqs.1293"}],"volume":"24","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e2bee4b0c8380cd45beb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buhay, W.M.","contributorId":85471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buhay","given":"W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simpson, S.","contributorId":55297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thorleifson, H.","contributorId":81761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorleifson","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lewis, M.","contributorId":37395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"King, J.","contributorId":100143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Telka, A.","contributorId":53668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Telka","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wilkinson, Philip M.","contributorId":86001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilkinson","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Babb, J.","contributorId":94934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Babb","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Timsic, S.","contributorId":66975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Timsic","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Bailey, D.","contributorId":34396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
]}