The Fluvial Egg Drift Simulator (FluEgg) was developed to simulate the transport and dispersion of invasive carp eggs and larvae in a river. FluEgg currently (2020) supports modeling of bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis), silver carp (H. molitrix), and grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), with the planned addition of black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) once developmental data are available. FluEgg integrates the biological development of invasive carp eggs and larvae with a particle transport model that simulates the advection and dispersion of the eggs and larvae based on user-supplied one-dimensional hydraulic conditions. FluEgg can be used to evaluate the hydrodynamic suitability of a river for invasive carp spawning, to inform sampling and monitoring efforts, and to identify the most likely spawning areas of captured eggs or larvae.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211052","usgsCitation":"Domanski, M.M., LeRoy, J.Z., Berutti, M., and Jackson, P.R., 2021, Fluvial Egg Drift Simulator (FluEgg) user’s manual: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1052, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211052.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 30 p.; Software Release","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-120778","costCenters":[{"id":35680,"text":"Illinois-Iowa-Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386269,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1052/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":386270,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1052/ofr20211052.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.08 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021–1052"},{"id":386273,"rank":3,"type":{"id":35,"text":"Software Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P93UCQR2","text":"USGS software release","linkHelpText":"— FluEgg"}],"contact":"Director, Central Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
405 North Goodwin
Urbana, IL 61801
This report addresses system characterization of the Maxar WorldView-3 satellite and is part of a series of system characterization reports produced and delivered by the U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Cal/Val Center of Excellence in 2020. These reports present and detail the methodology and procedures for characterization; present technical and operational information about the specific sensing system being evaluated; and provide a summary of test measurements, data retention practices, data analysis results, and conclusions.
WorldView-3 is a high-resolution multispectral satellite launched in 2014 by Maxar Technologies on an Atlas V launch vehicle from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California for Earth resources monitoring. WorldView-3 provides substantial technical improvements to previous WorldView satellites, including spectral bands, ground sample distance, and swath. The WorldView-3 satellite was designed and built by Lockheed Martin for Maxar Technologies using the BCP–5000 bus with the WorldView-3 Imager and the Clouds, Aerosols, Vapors, Ice, and Snow sensor. The high-resolution WorldView-3 Imager is the main instrument, and the Clouds, Aerosols, Vapors, Ice, and Snow sensor provides additional data on obscurants and other atmospheric effects used in data production. More information on Maxar WorldView satellites and sensors is available within the “2020 Joint Agency Commercial Imagery Evaluation—Remote Sensing Satellite Compendium” and from the manufacturer at https://www.maxar.com/.
The Earth Resources Observation and Science Cal/Val Center of Excellence system characterization team completed data analyses to characterize the geometric (interior and exterior), radiometric, and spatial performances. Results of these analyses indicate that WorldView-3 has a range of interior geometric performance of −0.09 (−0.07 pixel) to 0.24 meter (0.19 pixel) in band-to-band registration; an exterior geometric performance in the range of a −21.10- (−2.11 pixels) to 28.23-meter (2.82 pixels) offset in comparison to Sentinel-2; a radiometric performance in the range of −0.121 to 1.420 (offset and slope); and a spatial performance in the range of 1.2 to 1.7 pixels at full width at half maximum with a modulation transfer function at a Nyquist frequency in the range of 0.093 to 0.185.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211030I","usgsCitation":"Cantrell, S.J., Christopherson, J.B., Anderson, C., Stensaas, G.L., Ramaseri Chandra, S.N., Kim, M., and Park, S., 2021, System characterization report on the WorldView-3 Imager (ver. 1.1, October 2021), chap. I of Ramaseri Chandra, S.N., comp., System characterization of Earth observation sensors: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1030, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211030I.","productDescription":"Report: v, 29 p.; Version History","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-126804","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":391140,"rank":5,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/i/versionHist.txt","text":"Version History","size":"878 B","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2021–1030I Version History"},{"id":391139,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/i/ofr20211030i_ver1.1.pdf","text":"Report","size":"20.1 MB","description":"OFR 2021–1030I"},{"id":391138,"rank":3,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/i/images"},{"id":391137,"rank":2,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/i/ofr20211030i.xml"},{"id":386257,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/i/coverthb_2.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0: June 2021; Version 1.1: October 2021","contact":"Director, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198
This report addresses system characterization of Gaofen-1 and is part of a series of system characterization reports produced and delivered by the U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Cal/Val Center of Excellence in 2020. These reports present the detail methodology and procedures for characterization; present technical and operational information about the specific sensing system being evaluated; and provide a summary of test measurements, data retention practices, data analysis results, and conclusions.
Gaofen represents a series of Chinese high-resolution Earth observation satellites. More than 12 satellites have been launched in the Gaofen series, beginning with Gaofen-1 in 2013. Satellites within the series have varying infrared, radar, and optical imaging capabilities. The primary goal for the satellite is to provide near real-time observations for climate change monitoring, geographical mapping, precision agriculture support, environmental and resource surveying, and disaster prevention. More information on Chinese satellites and sensors is available within the “2020 Joint Agency Commercial Imagery Evaluation—Remote Sensing Satellite Compendium” and at http://www.cnsageo.com/#/detailIndex?secondIndex=2&id=3&code=8.
The Earth Resources Observation and Science Cal/Val Center of Excellence System Characterization team completed data analyses to characterize the geometric (interior and exterior), radiometric, and spatial performances. Results of these analyses indicate that Gaofen-1 has an interior geometric performance of −0.48 meter (m) (−0.03 pixel) northing and 0.42 m (0.03 pixel) easting offset for band 1, −0.99 m (−0.06 pixel) northing and −0.38 m (−0.02 pixel) easting offset for band 2, −0.45 m (−0.03) northing and 0.83 m (0.05 pixel) easting offset for band 3, −3.20 m (−0.20 pixel) northing and 1.44 m (0.09 pixel) easting offset for band 4 in band-to-band registration. Similarly, Gaofen-1 has an exterior geometric performance of 7.50 m (0.48 pixel) easting and 109.50 m (7.30 pixels) northing offset in comparison to the Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager; a radiometric performance in the range of −0.014 to 0.149 (absolute reflective difference); and a spatial performance in the range of 1.1 to 2.0 pixels at full width at half maximum, with a modulation transfer function at a Nyquist frequency in the range of 0.040 to 0.250.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211030B","usgsCitation":"Shrestha, M., Sampath, A., Ramaseri Chandra, S.N., Christopherson, J.B., Shaw, J., Stensaas, G.L., and Anderson, C., 2021, System characterization report on the Gaofen-1, chap. B of Ramaseri Chandra, S.N., comp., System characterization of Earth observation sensors: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1030, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211030B.","productDescription":"iv, 11 p.","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-126808","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386255,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/b/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":386256,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/b/ofr20211030b.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.15 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021–1030B"}],"contact":"Director, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198
This report addresses system characterization of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) Earth Sensing Imaging Spectrometer (DESIS) and is part of a series of system characterization reports produced and delivered by the U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Cal/Val Center of Excellence. These reports present the methodology and procedures for characterization and the technical and operational information about the specific sensing system being evaluated. These reports also provide a description of data measurements, data retention practices, and data analysis results and provide system characterization conclusions.
In partnership with Teledyne Brown Engineering, DLR built the DESIS hyperspectral instrument, which Teledyne Brown Engineering then integrated onto its International Space Station-based imaging platform, the Multi-User System for Earth Sensing. DLR developed the processing software and, together with Innovative Imaging and Research, completes the validation and calibration of the data products. DESIS was launched in 2018, and the data are used for scientific research in atmospheric physics and Earth sciences. The DESIS sensor contributes to the scientific and commercial utilization of the International Space Station and helps to further hyperspectral remote sensing technologies for future satellites. More information on DLR satellites and sensors is included within the “2020 Joint Agency Commercial Imagery Evaluation—Remote Sensing Satellite Compendium” and at https://www.dlr.de/DE/Home/home_node.html.
The Earth Resources Observation and Science Cal/Val Center of Excellence system characterization team completed data analyses to characterize the geometric (interior and exterior), radiometric, and spatial performances. Results of these analyses indicate that DESIS has an interior geometric performance of less than a 3.30-meter (less than 0.11 pixel) root mean square error in band-to-band registration, an exterior geometric performance in the range of a 2.40- (0.08 pixel) to 17.40-meter (0.58 pixel) offset in comparison to the Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager, a radiometric performance in the range of −0.013 to 1.011 (offset and slope), and a spatial performance for band 130 of 1.5 pixels at full width at half maximum, with a modulation transfer function at a Nyquist frequency of 0.167.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211030A","usgsCitation":"Shrestha, M., Sampath, A., Ramaseri Chandra, S.N., Christopherson, J.B., Shaw, J., and Anderson, C., 2021, System characterization report on the German Aerospace Center (DLR) Earth Sensing Imaging Spectrometer (DESIS), chap. A of Ramaseri Chandra, S.N., comp., System characterization of Earth observation sensors: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1030, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211030A.","productDescription":"iv, 9 p.","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-126586","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386252,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/a/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":386253,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/a/ofr20211030a.pdf","text":"Report","size":"13.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021–1030A"}],"contact":"Director, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198
A challenge for the global economy is to meet the growing demand for commodities used in today’s advanced technologies. Critical minerals are commodities (for example, elements, compounds, minerals) deemed vital to the economic and national security of individual countries that are vulnerable to supply disruption. The national geological agencies of Australia, Canada, and the United States recently joined forces to advance understanding and foster development of critical mineral resources in their respective countries through the Critical Minerals Mapping Initiative (CMMI). An initial goal of the CMMI is to fill the knowledge gap on the abundance of critical minerals in ores. To do this, the CMMI compiled modern multielement geochemical data generated by each agency on ore samples collected from historical and active mines and prospects from around the world. To identify relationships between critical minerals, deposit types, deposit environments, and mineral systems, a unified deposit classification scheme was needed. This report describes the scheme developed by the CMMI to classify the initial release of geochemical data. In 2021, the resulting database—along with basic query, statistical analysis, and display tools—will be served to the public through a web-based portal managed by Geoscience Australia. The database will enable users to trace critical minerals through mineral systems and identify individual deposits or deposit types that are potential sources of critical minerals.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211049","issn":"2331-1258","collaboration":"Prepared as part of a joint research program between the U.S. Geological Survey, Geological Survey of Canada, Geological Survey of Queensland, and Geoscience Australia","usgsCitation":"Hofstra, A., Lisitsin, V., Corriveau, L., Paradis, S., Peter, J., Lauzière, K., Lawley, C., Gadd, M., Pilote, J., Honsberger, I., Bastrakov, E., Champion, D., Czarnota, K., Doublier, M., Huston, D., Raymond, O., VanDerWielen, S., Emsbo, P., Granitto, M., and Kreiner, D., 2021, Deposit classification scheme for the Critical Minerals Mapping Initiative Global Geochemical Database: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1049, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211049.","productDescription":"Report: v, 60 p.; 1 Table","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-127680","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386206,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1049/ofr20211049_table2.pdf","text":"Table 2—Deposit classification scheme","size":"224 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021-1049 Table 1"},{"id":386204,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1049/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":386205,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1049/ofr20211049.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.27 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021-1049"}],"contact":"Director, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
MS 973, Box 25046
Denver, CO 80225
On June 24, 2019, Congressman Raul Grijalva of Arizona, Chair of the House Committee on Natural Resources, sent a letter to the directors of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the U.S. Geological Survey to request their assistance in answering questions regarding coastal sediment resource management within the Coastal Barrier Resources System as defined by the Coastal Barrier Resources Act (Public Law 97–348; 96 Stat. 1653; 16 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.). For the purposes of this response, coastal sediment resource management refers to the removal of sediment from one part of a barrier island system for placement in another part of the coastal system, for either hazard mitigation (for example, erosion or flood control) or coastal restoration (for example, expansion or restoration of beach, dune, and [or] marsh habitats). The specific topics of concern are as follows (paraphrased from Congressman Grijalva’s letter):
1. Disruption of coastal sediment supply resulting from sediment removal and placement, including the replenishment rate of removed sediments and impacts to other components of the barrier island system (discussed in sec. 3).
2. Physical and biological impacts of sediment removal and placement on benthic habitats (discussed in sec. 4).
3. Impacts of sediment removal and placement on fish and other marine species (discussed in sec. 5).
4. Changes in migratory bird nesting and foraging habitats resulting from sediment removal and placement (discussed in sec. 6).
5. Long-term impacts of sediment removal and placement on physical coastal resiliency (discussed in sec. 7).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211062","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","programNote":"Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program and Ecosystems Mission Area","usgsCitation":"Miselis, J.L., Flocks, J.G., Zeigler, S., Passeri, D., Smith, D.R., Bourque, J., Sherwood, C.R., Smith, C.G., Ciarletta, D.J., Smith, K., Hart, K., Kazyak, D., Berlin, A., Prohaska, B., Calleson, T., and Yanchis, K., 2021, Impacts of sediment removal from and placement in coastal barrier island systems: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1062, 94 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211062.","productDescription":"viii, 94 p.","numberOfPages":"106","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-125418","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":485919,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_111412.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":386003,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1062/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":386004,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1062/ofr20211062.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9.23 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021–1062"},{"id":386005,"rank":3,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1062/images"}],"contact":"Program Coordinator, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) mapping of density as an enhancement of Phragmites australis optical live fractional cover (LFC) mapping was carried out in the lower Mississippi Delta during 2016 to 2019. Also, as part of the study, the replacement of P. australis with elephant-ear was analyzed. To that end, yearly maps from 2016 to 2019 of L-band SAR horizontal send, vertical receive (HV) data representing marsh density were produced for the lower Mississippi River Delta. The mapping indicated high local variability within broad yearly density change in P. australis marsh. LFC mapping indicated a similar pattern of broad yearly change. That overall density and LFC linear correspondence was confirmed with regressions of P. australis marsh HV-density data and optical-LFC data. Local differences reflected as high scatter in the plots. Based on those results, a combined LFC and HV-density assessment tracker of P. australis condition was developed. Major findings from the use of the trajectory tool were the high decrease in HV density from 2016 to 2017, the identification of severely degraded P. australis marsh and European P. australis marsh in some areas, and indications of linkage between the density decline from 2016 to 2017 and the elephant-ear replacement from 2018 to 2019. The trajectory tool application also indicated an inverse relationship between elephant-ear occurrence and HV-density changes from 2018 to 2019. A similar but weaker relationship was found between elephant-ear and LFC. These relationships may provide a means for early detection of replacement of P. australis marsh by elephant-ear and other unwanted plant species.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211046","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Ramsey, E.W., III, and Rangoonwala, A., 2021, Synthetic aperture radar and optical mapping used to monitor change and replacement of Phragmites australis marsh in the lower Mississippi River Delta, Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1046, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211046.","productDescription":"vii, 19 p.","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-122730","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385955,"rank":3,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1046/images"},{"id":385911,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1046/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":385912,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1046/ofr20211046.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.96 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021–1046"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Lower Mississippi River Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.41497802734375,\n 29.054969241647125\n ],\n [\n -88.97689819335938,\n 29.054969241647125\n ],\n [\n -88.97689819335938,\n 29.41208667100814\n ],\n [\n -89.41497802734375,\n 29.41208667100814\n ],\n [\n -89.41497802734375,\n 29.054969241647125\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
700 Cajundome Blvd.
Lafayette, Louisiana 70506
The Mississippi embayment encompasses about 100,000 square miles and covers parts of eight States. In 2016, the U.S. Geological Survey began updating previous work for a part of the embayment known as the Mississippi Alluvial Plain to support informed water use and agricultural policy in the region. Groundwater, water use, economic, and other related models are being combined with field surveys and observations to create a quantitative framework for evaluating regional groundwater withdrawals and their effects on long-term water availability in the Mississippi Alluvial Plain.
As part of this effort, the U.S. Geological Survey’s Soil-Water-Balance code (version 2.0) is being used to model potential groundwater recharge and irrigation water use, as necessary inputs to the long-term groundwater modeling efforts. The Soil-Water-Balance code is designed to estimate the distribution and timing of net infiltration leaving the root zone. Soil-Water-Balance makes use of gridded datasets of elevation, soils, land use (including specific crop types), and daily weather datasets to calculate other components of the root-zone water balance, including soil moisture, reference, actual evapotranspiration, snowfall, snowmelt, and canopy interception. Parameters on plant height and growing-season water needs are used to estimate crop-water demand and potential irrigation water use.
This report documents the initial construction, calibration, and application of a Soil-Water-Balance model of the Mississippi Embayment Regional Aquifer Study area for simulations running from 1915 to 2017. Further refinements of the model calibration for an expanded model area are planned.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211008","programNote":"Water Availability and Use Science Program","usgsCitation":"Westenbroek, S.M., Nielsen, M.G., and Ladd, D.E., 2021, Initial estimates of net infiltration and irrigation from a soil-water-balance model of the Mississippi Embayment Regional Aquifer Study Area: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021-1008, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211008.","productDescription":"Report: v, 29 p.; 2 Data Releases","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-108908","costCenters":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385921,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9U484X5","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"OFR 2021–1008 MODEL OUTPUT—Soil-Water-Balance net infiltration and irrigation water use output datasets for the Mississippi Embayment Regional Aquifer System, 1915 to 2018"},{"id":385920,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P98PBR8O","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"OFR 2021–1008 MODEL ARCHIVE—Soil-Water-Balance model developed to simulate net infiltration and irrigation water use for the Mississippi Embayment Regional Aquifer System, 1915 to 2018"},{"id":385919,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1008/ofr20211008.pdf","text":"Report","size":"11.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021–1008"},{"id":385918,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1008/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Arkansas, Illinois, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi Embayment Regional Aquifer Study Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.6044921875,\n 37.16031654673677\n ],\n [\n -90.4833984375,\n 36.527294814546245\n ],\n [\n -91.2744140625,\n 35.71083783530009\n ],\n [\n -91.7138671875,\n 35.31736632923788\n ],\n [\n -92.4169921875,\n 35.02999636902566\n ],\n [\n -93.3837890625,\n 34.59704151614417\n ],\n [\n -94.0869140625,\n 33.578014746143985\n ],\n [\n -94.1748046875,\n 32.69486597787505\n ],\n [\n -93.6474609375,\n 31.690781806136822\n ],\n [\n -92.94433593749999,\n 31.50362930577303\n ],\n [\n -91.93359375,\n 31.42866311735861\n ],\n [\n -91.14257812499999,\n 31.541089879585808\n ],\n [\n -89.7802734375,\n 31.316101383495624\n ],\n [\n -88.5498046875,\n 30.86451022625836\n ],\n [\n -87.3193359375,\n 31.203404950917395\n ],\n [\n -87.5390625,\n 31.80289258670676\n ],\n [\n -88.5498046875,\n 32.69486597787505\n ],\n [\n -88.505859375,\n 33.8339199536547\n ],\n [\n -88.5498046875,\n 34.59704151614417\n ],\n [\n -88.3740234375,\n 35.60371874069731\n ],\n [\n -88.5498046875,\n 36.94989178681327\n ],\n [\n -89.6044921875,\n 37.16031654673677\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Upper Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
8505 Research Way
Middleton, WI 53562
The Sac and Fox Tribe of the Mississippi in Iowa is the only federally recognized Tribe in the State of Iowa and is commonly known as the Meskwaki Nation. The Tribe owns more than 8,100 acres, referred to as the “Meskwaki Settlement.” The Meskwaki Settlement uses a well field that withdraws water from the Iowa River alluvial aquifer (IRAA) to supply drinking water to members of the Tribe. Increased severity and timing of flooding and drought conditions, coupled with water-quality concerns in the Iowa River, have prompted the Meskwaki Nation to start identifying tools to provide a better understanding of how extreme climate events (changes in streamflow, flood frequency, and magnitude and persistence of drought conditions), increasing water-supply demands, and groundwater storage depletion will affect water availability in the IRAA.
From June 2017 through September 2020, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Meskwaki Nation, collected continuous and discrete groundwater level data from 11 wells in a U.S. Geological Survey monitoring-well network. Groundwater level data collected at these wells were assessed with daily precipitation data and compared to changes in stream level elevations and daily groundwater withdrawals to determine how these changes affect groundwater-table elevations. Results from this study could be used to guide the development of a conceptual model for groundwater flow and a groundwater flow model for the IRAA to quantify and forecast the effect of groundwater withdrawals, Iowa River streamflow, and local precipitation on the water table in the IRAA.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211019","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Sac and Fox Tribe of the Mississippi in Iowa","usgsCitation":"Gruhn, L.R., and Haj, A.E., 2021, Effect of groundwater withdrawals, river stage, and precipitation on water-table elevations in the Iowa River alluvial aquifer near Tama, Iowa, 2017–20: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1019, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211019.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 11 p.; Data Release; Dataset","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-124518","costCenters":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385788,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1019/images"},{"id":385789,"rank":6,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1019/ofr20211019.XML"},{"id":385680,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1019/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":385681,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1019/ofr20211019.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.92 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021–1019"},{"id":385682,"rank":3,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System database","linkHelpText":"— USGS water data for the Nation"},{"id":385683,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P912FO3L","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Geospatial datasets for the flood-inundation study for the Iowa River at the Meskwaki Settlement in Iowa, 2019"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","county":"Tama County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-92.2996,42.2975],[-92.2992,42.2098],[-92.2989,42.1226],[-92.2991,42.0354],[-92.2977,41.9786],[-92.2994,41.95],[-92.299,41.8623],[-92.418,41.8625],[-92.5357,41.8621],[-92.6522,41.862],[-92.7674,41.8618],[-92.7671,41.9494],[-92.7662,42.0348],[-92.7672,42.1234],[-92.7687,42.2101],[-92.7697,42.2964],[-92.6531,42.2971],[-92.5353,42.2972],[-92.418,42.2976],[-92.2996,42.2975]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Tama\",\"state\":\"IA\"}}]}","contact":"Director, Central Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
400 South Clinton Street, Suite 269
Iowa City, IA 52240
A state-wide Geographic Information System analysis was conducted to assess prospectivity for lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in sediment-hosted deposits in Alaska. The datasets that were utilized include publicly available geospatial datasets of lithologic, geochemical, and mineral occurrence data. Key characteristics of Pb-Zn deposits were identified in available datasets and scored with respect to relative importance. To evaluate resource potential, drainage basins of the smallest size were chosen, each of which covers approximately 100 square kilometers (km2). Drainage basins are the most logical and efficient unit for evaluation because the most regionally robust dataset comes from stream sediment geochemistry.
Sediment-hosted Pb-Zn deposits in Alaska include those contained in carbonate rocks (similar to Mississippi Valley Type or MVT deposits) and those contained in clastic-dominated (CD) sequences (CD Pb-Zn), historically referred to as SEDEX (sedimentary exhalative). The latter include the deposits currently being mined in the Red Dog district in the western Brooks Range. Host rocks for the two subtypes are distinct: carbonate versus fine-grained clastic rocks for CD Pb-Zn deposits. However, there are exceptions: some CD Pb-Zn deposits are hosted in carbonate layers within a thick clastic-dominated rock sequence. The statewide geologic map database contains units that commonly include mixed carbonate-clastic sequences that cannot be subdivided. The most significant difference between the two deposit types is their respective depositional environments and tectonic settings, but at the reconnaissance level of mapping in most areas of the state, these distinctions are not possible. Furthermore, nearly all critical geochemical parameters (silver [Ag], barium [Ba], Pb, Zn) are common to both types, and therefore it was not possible to do separate assessments for carbonate-hosted and CD Pb-Zn deposits.
Areas identified that have moderate to high potential for sediment-hosted Pb-Zn deposits include the (1) western and central Brooks Range, referred to in this report as the Brooks Range zinc belt; (2) Seward Peninsula (and adjacent St. Lawrence Island); (3) Farewell terrane in Interior Alaska; (4) two spatially distinct belts in east-central Alaska; and (5) the central Alaska Range. All areas contain some known deposits, and that provides credibility to the scoring process. Some hydrologic unit codes (HUCs) that have high potential for sediment-hosted Pb-Zn deposits are located adjacent to areas of known deposits and indicate the potential for expansion of known Pb-Zn districts. There are a few areas that have high potential but contain no known sediment hosted Pb-Zn occurrences, prospects, or deposits. In such areas, future investigations could be focused on better defining and constraining prospectivity with additional data.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20201147","usgsCitation":"Kelley, K.D., Graham, G.E., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2021, GIS-based identification of areas that have resource potential for sediment-hosted Pb-Zn deposits in Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2020−1147, 37 p., 1 app., 2 pls., scale 1:10,500,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20201147.","productDescription":"Report: v, 37 p.; 2 Plates: 15.41 x 15.11 inches and 15.53 x 15.17 inches; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-105816","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385779,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1147/coverthb_pamphlet.jpg"},{"id":385780,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1147/ofr20201147_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.27 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2020-1147 pamphlet"},{"id":385781,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1147/ofr20201147_plate1.pdf","text":"Plate 1—","size":"8.87 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2020-1147 Plate 1","linkHelpText":"Estimated Resource Potential and Certainty for Sediment-Hosted Pb-Zn Deposits"},{"id":385782,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1147/ofr20201147_plate2.pdf","text":"Plate 2—","size":"7.39 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2020-1147 Plate 2","linkHelpText":"Permissive Rock Types and Known Sediment-Hosted Pb-Zn Deposits"},{"id":385783,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P943BUQZ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data and results for GIS-based identification of areas that have resource potential for sediment-hosted Pb-Zn deposits in Alaska"},{"id":385784,"rank":6,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161191","text":"USGS Open-File Report 2016-1191—","linkHelpText":"GIS-based identification of areas that have resource potential for critical minerals in six selected groups of deposit types in Alaska"}],"country":"United 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Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
MS 973, Box 25046
Denver, CO 80225
The unglaciated southeastern United States is a biodiversity hotspot, with a disproportionate amount of this biodiversity concentrated in grasslands. Like most hotspots, the Southeast is also threatened by human activities, with the total reduction of southeastern grasslands estimated as 90 percent (upwards to 100 percent for some types) and with many threats escalating today. This report summarizes the results of a multistakeholder workshop organized by the Southeastern Grasslands Initiative and the U.S. Geological Survey, held in January 2020 to provide a scientific needs assessment to help inform the Species Status Assessment (SSA) process under the U.S. Endangered Species Act, with a focus on grassland species and communities of conservation concern in the southeastern United States. This report reviews the ecology of southeastern grasslands, including influences on their origin, maintenance, and high species richness and endemism; presents findings from the workshop; and discusses science questions, hypotheses, and possibilities for future research projects to help fill key knowledge gaps.
Participants in the January 2020 workshop, representing diverse expertise in various topics in southeastern grassland ecology, were tasked with identifying major threats to grassland species in the Southeast as well as potential ways to make the SSA process more efficient and effective. An underlying assumption and starting place for workshop discussion was that an ecosystem-based approach to the SSA process is more cost-efficient than a species-by-species approach, in large part because many species with similar biological requirements can be addressed by the same actions. Nevertheless, one partner in this effort, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, does require specific attention be given to taxa that have been petitioned for Federal listing, though as often as possible these taxa are considered alongside a larger group of priority taxa with an ecosystem approach.
For group discussions, workshop participants followed a modified “World Café” method, a structured conversational approach for knowledge sharing. Group discussions focused on five categories of threats to grassland communities and species: (1) habitat loss, fragmentation, and disruption of functional population connectivity; (2) climate change, especially changes in temperature and precipitation, including intensity and seasonality, and impacts on soil moisture, groundwater levels, and other ecosystem parameters; (3) changes to disturbance regimes, as influenced by climate and land-use change, extinctions, and human attitudes and behaviors; (4) invasive species (not limited to nonnative species); and (5) localized or subregional impacts such as sea-level rise. In addition to group discussions, workshop participants—as well as other grassland experts who were unable to attend the workshop—completed a preworkshop survey concerning challenges and opportunities for grassland conservation. Findings reported here under each of these topics represent ideas, problems, hypotheses, and questions identified by a diverse community of grassland managers and researchers which may be addressed by future research and monitoring in southeastern grassland ecosystems to help guide science-based conservation of grassland-dependent species.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211047","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Department of the Interior Southeast Climate Adaptation Science Center","usgsCitation":"Noss, R.F., Cartwright, J.M., Estes, D., Witsell, T., Elliott, K.G., Adams, D.S., Albrecht, M.A., Boyles, R., Comer, P.J., Doffitt, C., Faber-Langendoen, D., Hill, J.G., Hunter, W.C., Knapp, W.M., Marshall, M., Pyne, M., Singhurst, J.R., Tracey, C., Walck, J.L., and Weakley, A., 2021, Science needs of southeastern grassland species of conservation concern—A framework for species status assessments: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1047, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211047.","productDescription":"ix, 58 p.","numberOfPages":"72","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-122270","costCenters":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385785,"rank":3,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1047/images"},{"id":385732,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1047/ofr20211047.pdf","text":"Report","size":"11.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021–1047"},{"id":385731,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1047/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, South 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\"}}]}","contact":"Director, Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
640 Grassmere Park Drive
Nashville, TN 37211
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists and technical staff deployed instrumented underwater platforms and buoys to collect oceanographic and atmospheric data at two sites near Matanzas Inlet, Florida, on January 24, 2018, and recovered them on April 13, 2018. Matanzas Inlet is a natural, unmaintained inlet on the Florida Atlantic coast that is well suited to study inlet and cross-shore processes. The two study sites were located offshore of the surf zone, in 9 and 15 meters of water depth, in a line perpendicular to the coast. A sea-floor platform was deployed at each site to measure ocean currents, wave motions, acoustic and optical backscatter, temperature, salinity, and pressure. The objective was to quantify the hydrodynamic forcing for sediment transport and the response to such forcing near the seabed in the vicinity of an unmaintained inlet.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211014","usgsCitation":"Martini, M.A., Montgomery, E.T., Suttles, S.E., and Warner, J.C., 2021, Summary of oceanographic and water-quality measurements offshore of Matanzas Inlet, Florida, 2018: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1014, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211014.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 21 p.; 2 Data Releases","numberOfPages":"21","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-117529","costCenters":[{"id":680,"text":"Woods Hole Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385610,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1014/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":385611,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1014/ofr20211014.pdf","text":"Report","size":"12.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021-1014"},{"id":385612,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9GKB537","text":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Oceanographic and water quality measurements in the nearshore zone at Matanzas Inlet, Florida, January–April, 2018"},{"id":385613,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9FKARIZ","text":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Grain-size analysis data from sediment samples in support of oceanographic and water-quality measurements in the nearshore zone of Matanzas Inlet, Florida, 2018"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Matanzas Inlet","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.28509521484375,\n 29.666277672570676\n ],\n [\n -81.17420196533203,\n 29.666277672570676\n ],\n [\n -81.17420196533203,\n 29.79298413547051\n ],\n [\n -81.28509521484375,\n 29.79298413547051\n ],\n [\n -81.28509521484375,\n 29.666277672570676\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
384 Woods Hole Road
Quissett Campus
Woods Hole, MA 02543
Major flooding occurred June 30–July 1, 2018, in the Fourmile Creek Basin in central Iowa after thunderstorm activity over the region. The largest recorded 24-hour precipitation total at a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration weather station was 8.72 inches in Ankeny, Iowa, and 7.54 inches in Des Moines, Iowa. A maximum peak-of-record discharge of 10,000 cubic feet per second was recorded at U.S. Geological Survey streamgage 05485605, Fourmile Creek near Ankeny, Iowa, on July 1, 2018, with an annual exceedance probability of less than 0.2 percent. A maximum peak-of-record discharge of 12,000 cubic feet per second also was recorded at U.S. Geological Survey streamgage 05485640, Fourmile Creek at Des Moines, Iowa, on July 1, 2018, with an annual exceedance-probability range of 0.5–1 percent. High-water mark elevations were surveyed at 11 locations along Fourmile Creek between State Highway 163 in Pleasant Hill, Iowa, and U.S. Route 69 near Alleman, Iowa, a distance of 21.0 river miles. The high-water marks were used to develop a flood profile for Fourmile Creek.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211044","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Iowa Department of Transportation and the Iowa Highway Research Board (Project HR–140)","usgsCitation":"O’Shea, P.S., Vegrzyn, J.C., and Barnes, K.K., 2021, Flood of June 30–July 1, 2018, in the Fourmile Creek Basin, near Ankeny, Iowa: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1044, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211044.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 18 p.; Data Release; Dataset","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-111452","costCenters":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385727,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1044/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":385791,"rank":6,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1044/images"},{"id":385790,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1044/ofr20211044.xml"},{"id":385730,"rank":4,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System database","description":"USGS Dataset","linkHelpText":"— USGS water data for the Nation"},{"id":385729,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9XZGOG3","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Peak-flow frequency analysis for two selected streamgages in the Fourmile Creek Basin in central Iowa, based on data through water year 2018"},{"id":385728,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1044/ofr20211044.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.53 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021–1044"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","city":"Ankeny","otherGeospatial":"Fourmile Creek basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.548583984375,\n 41.86956082699455\n ],\n [\n -93.75457763671874,\n 41.933954896061636\n ],\n [\n -93.63784790039061,\n 41.71187978193456\n ],\n [\n -93.51699829101562,\n 41.54867239252432\n ],\n [\n -93.4002685546875,\n 41.57641597789266\n ],\n [\n -93.548583984375,\n 41.86956082699455\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
400 South Clinton Street, Suite 269
Iowa City, IA 52240
In collaboration with the Bureau of Reclamation, the U.S. Geological Survey began a consistent monitoring program for endangered Lost River suckers (Deltistes luxatus) and shortnose suckers (Chasmistes brevirostris) in Clear Lake Reservoir, California, in fall 2004. The program was intended to improve understanding of the Clear Lake Reservoir populations because they are important to recovery efforts for these species. We report results from the ongoing program and include sampling efforts through fall 2019. We summarize catches and passive integrated transponder (PIT) tagging efforts from trammel net sampling in the fall seasons (September–October each year) and detections of PIT-tagged suckers on remote antennas in the spring in each year from 2006 to 2019. We also combine the data from physical captures and remote detections in capture-recapture models to provide estimates of annual survival for suckers in the reservoir.
A lack of genetic distinctiveness between shortnose suckers and Klamath largescale suckers (Catostomus snyderi) in the Lost River subbasin, including Clear Lake Reservoir, is a likely cause of past difficulty in identification of these species. Field identification can be subjective for many captured individuals, and very few individuals were identified as Klamath largescale suckers in the most recent years of our monitoring program. For this report, we combine individuals that were identified as either shortnose sucker (SNS) or Klamath largescale sucker (KLS) into a single “SNS-KLS” group for most analyses. Identification of Lost River suckers (LRS) is based on external morphological characteristics.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211043","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Hewitt, D.A., Hayes, B.S., Harris, A.C., Janney, E.C., Kelsey, C.M., Perry, R.W., and Burdick, S.M., 2021, Dynamics of endangered sucker populations in Clear Lake Reservoir, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1043, 59 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211043.","productDescription":"v, 59 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-108970","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385709,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1043/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":385710,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1043/ofr20211043.pdf","text":"Report","size":"12.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021-1043"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Clear Lake Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.25747680664064,\n 41.78360106648078\n ],\n [\n -121.01852416992186,\n 41.78360106648078\n ],\n [\n -121.01852416992186,\n 41.96663812286332\n ],\n [\n -121.25747680664064,\n 41.96663812286332\n ],\n [\n -121.25747680664064,\n 41.78360106648078\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Fisheries Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6505 NE 65th Street
Seattle, Washington 98115-5016
In 2015–16, a comparison study of stream sediment collection techniques was done for a U.S. Geological Survey streamgage on the Nemadji River near South Superior, Wisconsin (U.S. Geological Survey station number 04024430) to provide an adjustment factor for comparing suspended-sediment rating curves for two historical periods 1973–86 and 2006–16. During 1973–1986, the U.S. Geological Survey used the equal-width-increment technique to collect suspended-sediment concentration data (EWI SSC). The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources and Minnesota Pollution Control Agency collected grab samples for total suspended solids (grab TSS) concentration starting in 2006 and continuing beyond 2016. In addition to the comparison study of suspended-sediment concentrations, bedload and bed material samples were collected in 2015–16, and the modified Einstein procedure was run to further characterize total sediment loads. The 2015–16 study indicated that the EWI SSC and grab TSS concentrations were different, but not as much as expected, especially on the high end where grab TSS concentrations were sometimes higher than EWI SSC concentrations, possibly due to a combination of a high percentage of fines in suspension and higher concentrations in the center of the channel than the margins. The 2015–16 measured bedload made up a small percentage of total sediment load, and bedload and streambed particle sizes are 90 to 100 percent sand sized or smaller. The relative proportion of measured bedload to total load decreased with increased streamflow, and for streamflows greater than 1,800 cubic feet per second, the suspended load made up 98 percent of the total load. Calculated 2015–16 instantaneous total sediment loads from the modified Einstein procedure were up to 70 percent of the measured loads for flows less than 1,000 cubic feet per second and near or more than 100 percent for flows greater than 1,000 cubic feet per second. The sediment rating curve developed for the 2006–16 adjusted grab TSS data had a similar slope but a lower intercept than its 1973–86 EWI SSC counterpart, indicating that for a given streamflow, suspended-sediment concentrations were lower for 2006–16 compared to 1973–86. The negative offset equates to estimates of annual suspended-sediment loads in 2006–16 being on average 87 percent of the 1973–86 loads. Over the period 2009–16, annual suspended-sediment loads ranged from a low of about 21,000 tons per year in 2015 to a high of 167,000 tons per year in 2012 with a mean of 85,000 tons per year. However, reductions in suspended-sediment concentrations are likely obscured by large loads during years with flooding.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211003","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Fitzpatrick, F.A., 2021, Sediment characteristics of northwestern Wisconsin’s Nemadji River, 1973–2016: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1003, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211003.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 27 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-085024","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385361,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9FX0X6Y","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Selected sediment data and results from regression models, modified Einstein Procedure, and loads estimation for the Nemadji River, 1973–2016"},{"id":385360,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1003/ofr20211003.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.16 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021–1003"},{"id":385359,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1003/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Nemadji River watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.55157470703125,\n 46.38672781370433\n ],\n [\n -92.01599121093749,\n 46.38672781370433\n ],\n [\n -92.01599121093749,\n 46.65697731621612\n ],\n [\n -92.55157470703125,\n 46.65697731621612\n ],\n [\n -92.55157470703125,\n 46.38672781370433\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Upper Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
8505 Research Way
Middleton, WI 53562
Baker River (Washington, USA) sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) are a recovering Puget Sound stock that are aided by trap-and-haul and hatchery programs to mitigate for the presence of a high head dam. The relative contribution of hatchery and natural adults to overall production of smolts and recruits is unknown. The ability to identify three different sockeye production groups (natural production, artificial incubation, and artificial spawning beach) within the Baker system is crucial to moving forward with management goals. The examination of otoliths was proposed as a technical tool for improved understanding and management of Baker sockeye rebuilding efforts. Otoliths were chosen as they provide a chronological record on an individual fish basis and have been shown to identify fish origin through both otolith microstructure and chemistry.
The goal of this pilot project was to determine the feasibility of assigning sockeye to their production source based on otolith analysis. A variety of methods were employed and compared for accuracy of group assignment. The maximum overall accuracy capable of attainment was 88.57 percent, however complete confidence (100 percent) in the separation of natural production from artificial production was reached through the analysis of trace elements alone. Some segregation of the two artificial production groups was reached through analysis of a few specific trace elements (magnesium, manganese, and zinc). This confidence in assignment for the artificial production groups was aided by a two-step process of combining trace elements with microstructure. The Sr isotope ratios supported the trace element findings but did not help to boost the overall level of confidence in the separation of production groups. Based upon the results from this preliminary investigation, one could choose a statistically sound, efficient, and cost-effective use of otoliths as a tool for discriminating between the sockeye production groups of the Baker Lake system.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211032","collaboration":"A Report to the Upper Skagit Indian Tribe per agreement # 17WNYD00SIT5545","usgsCitation":"Larsen, K.A., Wetzel, L.A., Stenberg, K.D., and Lind-Null, A.M., 2021, Investigation of otolith microstructure and composition for identification of rearing strategies and associated Baker Lake sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) smolt production, Washington, 2016–17: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1032, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211032.","productDescription":"vii, 16 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-091287","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research 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\"}}]}","contact":"Director, Western Fisheries Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6505 NE 65th Street
Seattle, Washington 98115-5016
Evaporation-rate estimates at Lake Mead and Lake Mohave, Nevada and Arizona, were based on eddy covariance and available energy measurements from March 2010 through April 2019 at Lake Mead and May 2013 through April 2019 at Lake Mohave. The continuous data needed to compute monthly evaporation were collected from floating-platform and land-based measurement stations located at each reservoir. Collected data include latent- and sensible-heat fluxes, net radiation, air temperature, wind speed, humidity, and water-temperature profiles. Data collection, analysis methods, and monthly evaporation results for Lake Mead through February 2012 were documented in a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Scientific-Investigations Report, 2013–5229. Monthly evaporation and associated datasets for both reservoirs through April 2015 were published in a USGS Data Release (https://doi.org/10.5066/F79C6VG3). Average annual evaporation at Lake Mead was 1,896 millimeters (mm), which is a 10 percent difference from the 1,718 mm average annual evaporation at Lake Mohave; this was primarily due to differences in available energy. Average annual available energy at Lake Mead was 139 watts per square meter (W/m2), which is an 18 percent difference from the 116 W/m2 average annual available energy at Lake Mohave. Differences in available energy are driven by differences in advected heat between Lake Mead and Lake Mohave; advected heat at Lake Mohave is lower due to colder inflows and warmer outflows. Lake Mead monthly evaporation estimates for this study compare reasonably well to the Bureau of Reclamation’s 24-Month Study (24MS) evaporation coefficients, which are based on pioneering studies from the 1950s. Temporal trends in this study indicate that the effects of heat storage at Lake Mead were underestimated in the 24MS, particularly during the fall months when energy was released from the lake. Mean monthly evaporation rates at Lake Mead were greater than Lake Mohave from June through November during the study period. The seasonal pattern of evaporation at Lake Mohave in this study indicates that the effects of available energy were underestimated in the 24MS coefficients for this reservoir, and that evaporation was substantially overestimated from spring through summer
during the study period of 2013 through 2019.
Director,
Nevada Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2730 N. Deer Run Road
Carson City, Nevada 95819
Pursuant to Section 7002 (“Mineral Security”) of Title VII (“Critical Minerals”) of the Energy Act of 2020 (Public Law 116–260, December 27, 2020, 116th Cong.), the Secretary of the Interior, acting through the Director of the U.S. Geological Survey, is tasked with reviewing and revising the methodology used to evaluate mineral criticality and the U.S. Critical Minerals List no less than every 3 years. The initial Critical Minerals List was published in the Federal Register on May 18, 2018, in response to Executive Order No. 13817, A Federal Strategy to Ensure Secure and Reliable Supplies of Critical Minerals (3 CFR, 2017 Comp, p. 397–399). This report documents the updated evaluation methodology and the resultant updated draft list of minerals recommended for inclusion in the Critical Minerals List.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211045","usgsCitation":"Nassar, N.T., and Fortier, S.M., 2021, Methodology and technical input for the 2021 review and revision of the U.S. Critical Minerals List: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1045, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211045.","productDescription":"viii, 31 p.","numberOfPages":"31","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-127319","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":384978,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1045/ofr20211045.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.45 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021-1045"},{"id":384977,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1045/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, National Minerals Information Center
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
988 National Center
Reston, VA 20192
Email: nmicrecordsmgt@usgs.gov
Due to high mortality in the first year or two of life, Lost River (Deltistes luxatus sp.) and Shortnose suckers (Chasmistes brevirostris sp.) in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon rarely reach maturity. In 2015, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service began the Sucker Assisted Rearing Program (SARP) to improve early life survival before releasing the fish back into Upper Klamath Lake. Survival and growth rates were compared for fish in mesocosms among three potential release or in-lake rearing sites, and in a pond at the SARP rearing facility. Fish used in this study included a mix of Lost River, Shortnose, and Klamath largescale suckers reared at either U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service or Klamath Tribes fish rearing facilities. These sites were Shoalwater Bay (SWB), Rattlesnake Point (RPT), and Cove Point (CPT). Ninety-nine to 103 suckers tagged with passive integrated transponders (PIT) were placed into each mesocosm for up to 80 days and up to 103 days in the SARP pond. Cessation of movement, as determined by passive detection of tagged fish on remote antennas, indicated mortality. Dissolved-oxygen saturation, temperature, and pH were tracked hourly in each mesocosm. All the suckers placed into the SWB mesocosm died during an extreme hypoxia event. These fish were replaced with another 120 PIT-tagged and 2 untagged hatchery-reared Lost River suckers from the Klamath Tribes Fish Research Facility (KTFRF), of which, all but two died during a second extreme hypoxia event. It was determined that SWB was an unsuitable site for summertime release or rearing of juvenile suckers in 2018. The summer survival rate was ≥86 percent at CPT, RPT, and the SARP pond. Suckers in the SARP pond grew slightly slower and gained less weight relative to increases in length than suckers held at RPT and CPT. All suckers sampled at the start of the study from both the SARP facility and the KTFRF, when water temperatures averaged approximately 18–22 degrees Celsius (°C), were infected with low levels of the gill parasite Ichthyobodo sp. Ichthyobodo sp. was detected on only 1 of 16 suckers sampled from CPT, RPT, and the SARP pond in late September or early October when water temperatures were approximately 16–19 °C, indicating fish were able to shed the parasite in cooler temperatures. Water quality conditions at RPT and CPT were adequate for in-lake rearing of SARP suckers in 2018. Due to interannual differences in water quality conditions, these sites may not be suitable in all years. Future research focused on the suitability of RPT, CPT and other potential sites under in years with varying conditions would be beneficial for improving sucker in-lake rearing practices. Additional research could help to elucidate how size at entry into the mesocosms affects sucker survival.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211036","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Burdick, S.M., Conway, C.M., Ostberg, C.O., Bart, R.J., and Elliott, D.G., 2021, Survival and growth of suckers in mesocosms at three locations within Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, 2018: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1036, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211036.","productDescription":"v, 18 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-119761","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385517,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1036/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":385518,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1036/ofr20211036.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021-1036"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Upper Klamath Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.79031372070312,\n 42.24478535602799\n ],\n [\n -121.79855346679686,\n 42.39810802339276\n ],\n [\n -121.95098876953125,\n 42.6147595985433\n ],\n [\n -122.12265014648438,\n 42.48627657532139\n ],\n [\n -121.96884155273436,\n 42.34129022434778\n ],\n [\n -121.9207763671875,\n 42.261049162113856\n ],\n [\n -121.81365966796874,\n 42.22139878761366\n ],\n [\n -121.79031372070312,\n 42.24478535602799\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Fisheries Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6505 NE 65th Street
Seattle, Washington 98115-5016
The Community for Data Integration is a community of practice whose purpose is to advance the U.S. Geological Survey’s data integration capabilities. In fiscal year 2019, the Community for Data Integration held 9 monthly forums, facilitated 11 collaboration areas, held several workshops and training events, and funded 14 projects. The activities supported the U.S. Geological Survey priorities of enabling integrated predictive science, producing FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) data, building modular and reusable tools, building authoritative national datasets for hazards or assets, and developing tools and methods for biosurveillance of emerging invasive species and health threats. Through these efforts, community members were informed of new and emerging technologies and data topics that helped them in their professional responsibilities.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211016","usgsCitation":"Hsu, L., and Liford, A.N., 2021, Community for Data Integration 2019 Annual Report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1016, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211016.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-119547","costCenters":[{"id":38128,"text":"Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385363,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1016/ofr20211016.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.83 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021-1016"},{"id":385362,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1016/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Science Analytics and Synthesis
U.S. Geological Survey
P.O. Box 25046, Mail Stop 302
Denver, CO 80225
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) formed the internal Research Grade Evaluation (RGE) Review Team in May 2017. The Team undertook a 2-year comprehensive review of RGE practices and policies at the USGS that included (1) the first-ever quantitative assessment of the USGS workforce evaluated under the RGE process, (2) a benchmarking meeting in March 2018 of the USGS and 11 other Federal science agencies to compare how each conducts research scientist evaluation, and (3) extensive surveys of four internal stakeholder groups. The Team recommends that the RGE review process emphasize the importance of outcomes resulting from a scientist’s efforts, rather than focusing on easily quantified outputs such as peer-reviewed papers, presentations, and posters. Thus, the Team recommends that a scientist’s work be assessed according to contributions and impacts in three areas: (1) scientific understanding, (2) the missions of the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Department of the Interior, and (3) society more broadly. The Team developed (1) new formats for the Research Scientist Record (RSR) and Development Scientist Record (DSR) that match the Office of Personnel Management’s guidelines for factor scoring and (2) new findings templates to provide more meaningful feedback to scientists.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211035","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey Research Grade Evaluation Review Team, 2021, Final report on the assessment of the U.S. Geological Survey’s bureauwide Research Grade Evaluation (RGE) process: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1035, 106 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211035.","productDescription":"vi, 106 p.","numberOfPages":"106","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-120198","costCenters":[{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385219,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1035/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":385220,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1035/ofr20211035.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.94 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021-1035"}],"contact":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
MS 911
Reston, VA 20192
This study was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey and Northeastern University in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and The Nature Conservancy. This report summarizes field investigation and analysis of waves, current patterns, and sediment deposition and erosion along the Gandys Beach, New Jersey, salt marsh vegetated shoreline and mudflat, where living shoreline structures (for example, oyster reefs) were constructed to protect the marsh shoreline and enhance habitat for oyster and other species. Constructed oyster reefs (CORs, also known as oyster castles) provide shoreline protection and habitat for fish and shellfish communities via wave energy attenuation. However, the processes and mechanism of CORs on wave attenuation and current circulation remain unclear, thus limiting the assessment of COR effectiveness for shoreline protection. This report presents the results of the field investigation on wave characteristics, current patterns, and marsh edge erosion along a shoreline with CORs in Delaware Bay. To measure the effectiveness of these CORs, six pressure transducers, six tilt current meters, multiple sediment traps, and marsh edge erosion pins were deployed from February to April 2018 in Gandys Beach in upper Delaware Bay. The spatial variations of wave heights measured on both sides of the CORs indicate a strong dependence of wave attenuation on the ratio between the freeboard of the CORs and the offshore wave heights. It was found that swell energy originating from the Atlantic Ocean can penetrate the CORs without any dampening even when the CORs are emergent, whereas the wind seas are more impacted by the CORs. Tidal current velocity and circulation patterns near the CORs (for example, the current velocity was higher than 10 centimeters per second [cm/s] and even up to 30 cm/s in the gaps between the CORs compared to less than 10 cm/s in the control area) differ from those in the control area without protection from the CORs and are greatly affected by the surrounding bathymetry. The combined effect of living shoreline structures on wave attenuation and changes in circulation patterns over the study period resulted in the reduction of shoreline erosion both vertically and laterally compared to that in the control area and also resulted in changes in the grain size distribution in both the water column and the salt marsh and mudflat areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211040","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and The Nature Conservancy
Prepared in collaboration with Northeastern University
Director, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
7920 NW 71st St.
Gainesville, FL 32653
Water, bed sediment, and invertebrate tissue were sampled in streams from Butte to near Missoula, Montana, as part of a monitoring program in the Clark Fork Basin. The sampling program was completed by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, to characterize aquatic resources in the Clark Fork Basin and monitor trace elements associated with historical mining and smelting activities. Sampling sites were on the river and tributaries of the Clark Fork. Water samples were collected periodically at 20 sites from October 2018 through September 2019. Bed-sediment and tissue samples were collected once at 13 sites during July 2019.
Water-quality data included concentrations of major ions, dissolved organic carbon, nitrogen (nitrate plus nitrite), trace elements, and suspended sediment. Daily values of turbidity were determined at four sites. Bed-sediment data included trace-element concentrations in the fine-grained (less than 0.063 millimeter) fraction. Biological data included trace-element concentrations in whole-body tissue of aquatic benthic invertebrates. Statistical summaries of water-quality, bed-sediment, and invertebrate tissue trace-element data for sites in the Clark Fork Basin were provided for the period of record: March 1985–September 2019.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211027","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Clark, G.D., Hornberger, M.I., Hepler, E.J., Cleasby, T.E., and Heinert, T.L., 2021, Water-quality, bed-sediment, and invertebrate tissue trace-element concentrations for tributaries in the Clark Fork Basin, Montana, October 2018–September 2019: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1027, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211027.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 16 p.; Data Release; Dataset","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-122934","costCenters":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385286,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1027/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":385287,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1027/ofr20211027.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.07 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 1027–1027"},{"id":385288,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9GKHL8W","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Water-quality, bed-sediment, and invertebrate tissue trace-element concentrations for tributaries in the Clark Fork Basin, Montana, October 2018–September 2019"},{"id":385289,"rank":4,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System database","description":"USGS Dataset","linkHelpText":"— USGS water data for the Nation"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Clark Fork Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.13421630859374,\n 47.10565336099383\n ],\n [\n -114.39788818359375,\n 47.025206001585396\n ],\n [\n -114.25506591796875,\n 46.613601326659726\n ],\n [\n -114.00238037109375,\n 46.58718152732907\n ],\n [\n -113.15917968749999,\n 46.15890744507131\n ],\n [\n -112.69775390625,\n 45.84793427349226\n ],\n [\n -112.00836181640625,\n 46.15319980124842\n ],\n [\n -111.88201904296875,\n 46.428392162921234\n ],\n [\n -113.00262451171875,\n 46.848921470800455\n ],\n [\n -113.631591796875,\n 47.13368783277605\n ],\n [\n -114.13421630859374,\n 47.10565336099383\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3162 Bozeman Avenue
Helena, MT 59601
Surface-water supplies are important sources of drinking water for residents in the Triangle area of North Carolina, which is located within the upper Cape Fear and Neuse River Basins. Since 1988, the U.S. Geological Survey and a consortium of local governments have tracked water-quality conditions and trends in several of the area’s water-supply lakes and streams. This report summarizes data collected through this cooperative effort, known as the Triangle Area Water Supply Monitoring Project, from October 2017 through September 2018 (water year 2018) and from October 2018 through September 2019 (water year 2019). Major findings for this period include the following:
Director, South Atlantic Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1770 Corporate Drive
Suite 500
Norcross, GA 30093
Coking coal, or metallurgical coal, has been produced in the United States for nearly 200 years. Coking coal is primarily used in the production of coke for use in the steel industry, and for other uses (for example, foundries, blacksmithing, heating buildings, and brewing). Currently, U.S. coking coal is produced in Alabama, Arkansas, Pennsylvania, Virginia , and West Virginia. Historically, coking coal has also been produced in 15 other states (Alaska, Colorado, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland, Montana, New Mexico, Ohio, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming), but currently is not. Coals from the Appalachian, Arkoma, and Illinois basins are Pennsylvanian in age, while coals in Alaska, Colorado, Montana, New Mexico, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming range in age from Early Cretaceous through Eocene.
This Open-File Report presents the geographic locations of current and historical coking coal deposits of the United States, with additional information about recent and historical mining and exploration activities. Chemical, rheological, petrographic, and other criteria for evaluating the coking potential of coals are discussed, and historical data for coking coals in the United States are presented. In addition, new coking coal samples from Alabama, Arkansas, Kentucky, and Oklahoma were collected and analyzed for this report, and the data are presented in multiple tables, including proximate and ultimate analyses; calorific value; sulfur forms; major-, minor-, and trace-element abundances; Free-Swelling Index; Gieseler Plastometer analyses; American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) dilatation; coal petrography; and predicted values of Coal Stability Factor and Coal Strength after Reaction with CO2 (pCSF and pCSR, respectively). Data from previously analyzed coking coal samples in Kentucky, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia were supplied by three companies, including results from all the tests listed above, plus oxidation, Hardgrove Grindability Index, and ash fusion (in a reducing environment) temperatures are also presented in tables in the report.
Geographic Information System (GIS) data compiled for this project are available for download for public and private utilization and may be used to create maps for a variety of energy resource studies. These GIS data are in shapefile format, and metadata files are included describing all GIS processing. Additional geographic information about coking coal areas of the United States are also presented in tabular format in the report, including the following: names of coal basins, fields, regions, districts, and areas; coal beds or zones; geographic locations including States, counties, towns, rivers, mountains, etc.; stratigraphic hierarchy and age of the coal-bearing interval; coking characteristics including sulfur content, ash yield, volatile matter, moisture, calorific value, and Free-Swelling Index; coal rank; names of coal mines and coal-mining companies; current and past mining activity; and references for reports about the coal.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20201113","usgsCitation":"Trippi, M.H., Ruppert, L.F., Eble, C.F., and Hower, J.C., 2021, Coking coal of the United States—Modern and historical coking coal mining locations and chemical, rheological, petrographic, and other data from modern samples: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2020–1113, 112 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20201113.","productDescription":"Report: xi, 112 p.; Tables 1.1-21.1; Data Release; Metadata; Spatial Data","numberOfPages":"112","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-111543","costCenters":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":381899,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1113/ofr20201113_appendix_tables_csv.zip","text":"Tables","size":"88.9 KB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"linkHelpText":"- Zip file of tables 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U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
954 National Center
Reston, VA 20192