We conducted a population genomic study of the crested caracara (Caracara plancus) using samples (n = 290) collected from individuals in Florida, Texas, and Arizona, United States. Crested caracaras are non-migratory raptors ranging from the southern tip of South America to the southern United States, including a federally protected relict population in Florida long thought to have been isolated since the last ice age. Our objectives were to evaluate genetic diversity and population structure of Florida’s apparently isolated population and to evaluate taxonomic relationships of crested caracaras at the northern edge of their range. Using DNA purified from blood samples, we conducted double-digest restriction site associated DNA sequencing and sequenced the mitochondrial ND2 gene. Analyses of population structure using over 9,000 SNPs suggest that two major clusters are best supported, one cluster including only Florida individuals and the other cluster including Arizona and Texas individuals. Both SNPs and mitochondrial haplotypes reveal the Florida population to be highly differentiated genetically from Arizona and Texas populations, whereas, Arizona and Texas populations are moderately differentiated from each other. The Florida population’s mitochondrial haplotypes form a separate monophyletic group, while Arizona and Texas populations share mitochondrial haplotypes. Results of this study provide substantial genetic evidence that Florida’s crested caracaras have experienced long-term isolation from caracaras in Arizona and Texas and thus, represent a distinct evolutionary lineage possibly warranting distinction as an Evolutionarily Significant Unit (ESU) or subspecies. This study will inform conservation strategies focused on long-term survival of Florida’s distinct, panmictic population.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/jhered/esad057","usgsCitation":"Payne, N., Erwin, J.A., Morrison, J.L., Dwyer, J.F., and Culver, M., 2024, Genomic insights into isolation of the threatened Florida crested caracara (Caracara plancus): Journal of Heredity, v. 115, no. 1, p. 45-56, https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esad057.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"56","ipdsId":"IP-157635","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498479,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10150/671235","text":"External Repository"},{"id":429624,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"115","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-10-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Payne, Natalie","contributorId":287191,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Payne","given":"Natalie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40855,"text":"UA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":902557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Erwin, John A.","contributorId":275259,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Erwin","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":40855,"text":"UA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":902558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morrison, Joan L.","contributorId":169993,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morrison","given":"Joan","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":902559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dwyer, James F.","contributorId":169992,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dwyer","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":902560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Culver, Melanie 0000-0001-5380-3059 mculver@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5380-3059","contributorId":197693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culver","given":"Melanie","email":"mculver@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":902561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70259508,"text":"70259508 - 2024 - Hydrologic, water operations, reservoir temperature, river temperature, sediment transport, habitat, and fish population modeling for the Trinity River Water Management Plan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-10T16:48:39.581259","indexId":"70259508","displayToPublicDate":"2023-10-13T10:11:28","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":18744,"text":"Modeling Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"Plan Project no. 251008","title":"Hydrologic, water operations, reservoir temperature, river temperature, sediment transport, habitat, and fish population modeling for the Trinity River Water Management Plan","docAbstract":"Humboldt County is developing a Water Management Plan that will describe a range of proposed annual releases from Trinity Reservoir consistent with the 1959 water delivery contract between Humboldt County and the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation). The 1959 contract states that Reclamation shall release not less than an annual quantity of 50,000 acre-feet into the Trinity River for the beneficial use of Humboldt County and other downstream users (Contract Water).
The Water Management Plan will outline how Contract Water should be released for the benefit of fisheries in the Trinity River and lower Klamath River, with the primary goal of expanding a harvestable surplus of Tribal, recreational, and commercial fisheries. A set of annual Contract Water release scenarios were developed during five workshops conducted in 2022 and 2023 with interested parties including Humboldt County, state and federal resource agencies, tribal representatives, Reclamation, and the U.S. Department of the Interior Solicitor’s office. A suite of modeling and technical tools was used to analyze annual conditions with and without Contract Water releases.
This Modeling Report describes the modeling tools used to assess Contract Water release scenarios, including CalSim II, HEC-5Q, RBM10, sediment transport models, Chinook Salmon habitat models, and the Stream Salmonid Simulator. Results from all models are summarized to provide a comparative overview of modeled release scenarios to modeled baseline conditions.
Mean annual Contract Water release scenarios ranged from 50,000 acre-feet to 170,000 acre-feet, and varied in timing, magnitude, and duration, though all releases were made between October and April. As shown in Table ES-1, a key finding of this modeling report is Contract Water releases that had the greatest modeled increase in Chinook Salmon abundance relative to baseline conditions included those that released 50,000 acre-feet in the fall period from October through December as pulse flows or baseflows, and those that released 170,000 acre-feet from October through April as a combination of pulse flows and baseflows. Modeled beneficial effects on populations were primarily due to either (1) increases in habitat area during the spawning life stage in October through December, which decreased redd superimposition (e.g., the process of a later arriving spawner building a redd on top of an existing redd) and improved egg survival, or (2) increases in flow during the fry emergence and juvenile rearing life stage in March through April, which increased the fry and parr carrying capacity (e.g., the upper limit for the number of fry or parr that a habitat unit can support) of individual habitat units.
Another key finding of this report is all Contract Water scenarios that released at least 50,000 acre-feet annually from Trinity Reservoir had similar effects on Trinity Reservoir storage, Central Valley Project (CVP) storage, CVP contract water deliveries, and Sacramento River water temperatures. Whether these scenarios were released annually as a fall baseflow, fall pulse flow, spring pulse flow, or spring baseflow, they all resulted in similar storage patterns in Trinity Reservoir – an annual reduction in storage relative to the baseline that was relatively small in wetter years and larger in drier years. As a result of lower Trinity Storage levels, Trinity River Division (TRD) exports to the CVP were reduced. Because the timing of exports is similar each year, reaching a peak in July through September, the reduction to exports occurred at the same time each year, independent of Contract Water release timing, resulting in similar storage, CVP delivery, and water temperature effects in the Sacramento River basin portion of the CVP. The water temperature effects on the Sacramento River were limited to the months of July and August, relatively minor, and were primarily attributed to changes in storage, release magnitude, and release temperature from Lake Shasta, and not due explicitly to inflows from the TRD.
","language":"English","publisher":"Stantec Consulting Services Inc.","usgsCitation":"Plumb, J., Perry, R., and Stantec Consulting Services Inc., 2024, Hydrologic, water operations, reservoir temperature, river temperature, sediment transport, habitat, and fish population modeling for the Trinity River Water Management Plan: Modeling Report Plan Project no. 251008, xi, 111 p.","productDescription":"xi, 111 p.","ipdsId":"IP-154221","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":462767,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://humboldtgov.org/DocumentCenter/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":462795,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Humboldt County","otherGeospatial":"Trinity River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.10894911119672,\n 41.54543340405891\n ],\n [\n -124.10894911119672,\n 40.712352880278644\n ],\n [\n -123.18492172676612,\n 40.712352880278644\n ],\n [\n -123.18492172676612,\n 41.54543340405891\n ],\n [\n -124.10894911119672,\n 41.54543340405891\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plumb, John 0000-0003-4255-1612","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4255-1612","contributorId":220178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumb","given":"John","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":915539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perry, Russell 0000-0003-4110-8619","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4110-8619","contributorId":220189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Russell","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":915540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stantec Consulting Services Inc.","contributorId":345093,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Stantec Consulting Services Inc.","id":915623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70249648,"text":"70249648 - 2024 - Progradational-to-retrogradational styles of Palaeogene fluvial fan successions in the San Juan Basin, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-24T17:49:26.019502","indexId":"70249648","displayToPublicDate":"2023-10-12T08:47:43","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":17062,"text":"Journal of Basin Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Progradational-to-retrogradational styles of Palaeogene fluvial fan successions in the San Juan Basin, New Mexico","docAbstract":"Basin-scale outcrop analyses of fluvial architecture in the Palaeogene San Juan Basin, New Mexico, document lateral and vertical trends in channel, floodplain and palaeosol characteristics. Herein, the uppermost part of the Palaeocene Nacimiento Formation and lower Eocene Cuba Mesa and Regina Members of the San Jose Formation are identified as deposits of large fluvial fans based on trends observed across the basin. Stratigraphic trends suggest two packages originated by fluvial fan progradation. Progradation of the lower fan system provides a new explanation for the transitional nature of a disconformity at the Nacimiento–San Jose Formation contact, previously thought to be a low-angle unconformity. The two fan systems are separated by a retrogradational interval that culminates in a depositional hiatus at the contact between the Cuba Mesa and Regina Members. This, combined with poor age constraints, indicates that the duration of the disconformity at the base of the Cuba Mesa Member may have been overestimated. Furthermore, the succession is interpreted as deposits of variable-discharge rivers, based on the combined abundance of upper flow regime and high deposition rate sedimentary structures indicative of intense flooding events, preservation of in-channel bioturbation and paedogenic modification indicating periods of prolonged dryness, lack of identifiable bar strata and alternations of poorly drained and well-drained floodplain deposits with pedofacies indicating alternating wet–dry cycles. This dataset adds to a growing body of evidence linking the formation of large fluvial fans to discharge variability and thus to hydroclimates with significant inter- and intra-annual precipitation variability and intense rainfall. A long-term stratigraphic shift from poorly drained to well-drained floodplain deposits across two progradational fan successions indicates that a predictive model suggesting downstream decreases in soil drainage conditions is not encompassing of all large fan systems, and instead suggests a transition to a more arid climate across the Palaeocene–Eocene boundary.
Long-term ecological studies are invaluable for detecting changes over time. Forest restoration has been a conservation priority in Hawaiʻi, where invasive species have negatively impacted native bird habitat. During 1993–1994, a study was conducted of Hawaiʻi ʻelepaio (Chasiempis sandwichensis) nest site selection and forest composition in mesic montane forest along Mauna Loa Road in Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park. We returned to the site and repeated the methods used in the earlier study to record Hawaiʻi ʻelepaio nest site selection (tree species, tree and nest height, and tree girth [diameter at breast height, DBH]) from 2015 to 2017, and measured forest composition (tree density, relative abundance, height, and DBH) in 2019. Three times as many nests were found in ʻaʻaliʻi (Dodonaea viscosa) as in koa (Acacia koa) in both time periods. Heights of koa and ʻaʻaliʻi did not change, but their DBH increased over time. The relative height of nests in ʻaʻaliʻi trees did not change, but nests in koa were placed higher in the crown during the later study. Overall tree density increased from 1,619 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1,499–1,740) trees/ha to 2,583 (95% CI = 2,176–3,096) trees/ha. Koa relative abundance was 53% of total trees earlier and 45% later, ʻaʻaliʻi remained at 47%, and māmane (Sophora chrysophylla) increased from 0 to 8% over time. Our results indicate that changes in forest composition affect nesting behavior, but in ways that are not necessarily simple or consistent.
Ecosystem state transitions can be ecologically devastating or be a restoration success. State transitions are common within aquatic systems worldwide, especially considering human-mediated changes to land use and water use. We created a transferable conceptual framework to enable multiscale assessments of state resilience and early warnings of state transitions that can inform strategic restorations and avoid ecosystem collapse. The conceptual framework integrated machine learning predictions with ecosystem state concepts (e.g., state classification, gradients of vulnerability, and recovery potential leading to state transitions) and was devised to investigate possible environmental drivers. As an application of the framework, we generated prediction probabilities of submersed aquatic vegetation (SAV) presence at nearly 10,000 sites in the Upper Mississippi River (United States). Then, we used an interpretability method to explain model predictions to gain insights into possible environmental drivers and thresholds or linear responses of SAV presence and absence. Model accuracy was 89% without spatial bias. Average water depth, suspended solids, substrate, and distance to nearest SAV were the best predictors and likely environmental drivers of SAV habitat suitability. These environmental drivers exhibited nonlinear, threshold-type responses for SAV. All the results are also presented in an online dashboard to explore results at many spatial scales. The habitat suitability model outputs and prediction explanations from many spatial scales (4 m to 400 km of river reach) can inform research and restoration planning.
Long-term monitoring of water quality responses to natural and anthropogenic perturbation of watersheds informs policies for managing natural resources. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrate (NO3−) in streams draining forested landscapes provide valuable information on ecosystem function due to their biogeochemical reactivity and solubility in water. Here we evaluate a 20-year record (2001−2021) of biweekly stream-water samples (n > 3000) and continuous discharge in three forested catchments in the Adirondack region of New York to investigate and interpret long-term trends in DOC and NO3− concentrations. Results from the intensively monitored catchments were compared with data from synoptic surveys of streams throughout the Adirondack region. A weighted regressions on time, discharge, and season (WRTDS) model, used to estimate daily flow-normalized concentrations, determined that DOC increased by ~30 to 50 % while NO3− decreased by ~50 to 70 % over the study period. The large amount of data from catchments with different soil properties permitted us to assess the relative effects of hydrology, season, and land cover factors on temporal trends in DOC and NO3− concentrations. We found weak evidence of climatic forcing of long-term increases in DOC, and instead contend that declining ionic strength in precipitation linked to declining anthropogenic acid deposition is driving DOC trends in stream waters. Nitrate concentrations were more variable but clearly decreased in recent years possibly related to declining N deposition. The recent increase in DOC:NO3− in all catchments indicates a major shift in stream stoichiometry that reflects changes in ecosystem functioning that may have important biogeochemical implications for terrestrial as well as aquatic ecosystems.
Some graylings Thymallus spp. possess an elongated dorsal fin and other morphological traits that can be sexually dimorphic, as demonstrated in the European Grayling T. thymallus. North American Arctic Grayling T. arcticus are assumed to follow these trends, but decisive evidence is lacking. This study aimed to determine whether sexually dimorphic characteristics, including posterior dorsal height, can be used to accurately predict the sex of Arctic Grayling in Interior Alaska.
We used computer imaging software to measure 22 morphometrics on 97 Arctic Grayling of known sex from streams in Interior Alaska, and we developed a set of binomial models to evaluate the validity of morphometrics as predictors of Arctic Grayling sex.
Posterior dorsal height was a reasonably accurate predictor of sex (~90% accurate at fork lengths ≥300 mm), although models containing additional morphometrics were more accurate (100% accuracy at fork lengths ≥250 mm).
This study presents an affordable, noninvasive, and replicable method for nonlethal determination of Arctic Grayling sex by using digital images from the field, with potential application to other salmonids.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/nafm.10950","usgsCitation":"Perkin, J.S., Brewer, S.K., Echelle, A.A., and Kocovsky, P.M., 2024, Avoiding a macabre future for Macrhybopsis: A special section on improving management and conservation of chubs: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 43, no. 5, p. 1145-1150, https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10950.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1145","endPage":"1150","ipdsId":"IP-156599","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":441136,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10950","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":432367,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-10-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perkin, Joshuah S.","contributorId":340917,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perkin","given":"Joshuah","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":6747,"text":"Texas A&M University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brewer, Shannon K. 0000-0002-1537-3921 skbrewer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1537-3921","contributorId":2252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brewer","given":"Shannon","email":"skbrewer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":907679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Echelle, Anthony A.","contributorId":340918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Echelle","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7249,"text":"Oklahoma State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kocovsky, Patrick M. 0000-0003-4325-4265 pkocovsky@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4325-4265","contributorId":3429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kocovsky","given":"Patrick","email":"pkocovsky@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":251,"text":"Ecosystems Mission Area","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":907681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70250111,"text":"70250111 - 2024 - Analyzing spatial distributions and alignments of pitted cone features in Utopia Planitia on Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-11T22:50:35.850693","indexId":"70250111","displayToPublicDate":"2023-10-07T08:53:10","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analyzing spatial distributions and alignments of pitted cone features in Utopia Planitia on Mars","docAbstract":"Martian geomorphology and surface features provide links to understanding past geologic processes such as fluid movement, local and regional tectonics, and feature formation mechanisms. Pitted cones are common features in the northern plains basins of Mars. They have been proposed to have formed from upwelling volatile-rich fluids, such as magma or water-sediment slurries. In this study, we map the spatial distributions of pitted cone features across the Utopia Planitia (UP) basin. Using the Average Nearest Neighbor technique, we find that pitted cone features appear to be clustered across the basin, occurring in a narrow band around the circumferential rim of UP. Additionally, we find that pitted cone features also appear to be aligned in chains that are sub-parallel with the basin margin. Parallel bands of cones generally follow elevation contours of the UP basin, which suggests elevation or a correlated factor plays a major role in pitted cone and cone chain formation. We propose that pitted cones and cone chains may be related to vertical fractures formed around the UP basin rim from subsidence of infilling basin material.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2023.115825","usgsCitation":"Mills, M.M., McEwen, A.S., Hughes, A.N., Kim, J., and Okubo, C., 2024, Analyzing spatial distributions and alignments of pitted cone features in Utopia Planitia on Mars: Icarus, v. 408, 115825, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2023.115825.","productDescription":"115825, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-156266","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":441139,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2023.115825","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":422723,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars, Utopia Planitia","volume":"408","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mills, Mackenzie M.","contributorId":331663,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mills","given":"Mackenzie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McEwen, Alfred S.","contributorId":61657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McEwen","given":"Alfred","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hughes, Amanda N.","contributorId":331664,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hughes","given":"Amanda","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kim, Ji-Eun 0000-0002-7668-5072","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7668-5072","contributorId":331665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"Ji-Eun","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":888399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Okubo, Chris 0000-0001-9776-8128 cokubo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9776-8128","contributorId":174209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okubo","given":"Chris","email":"cokubo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":888400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70249413,"text":"70249413 - 2024 - A novel approach to assessing natural resource injury with Bayesian networks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-26T15:49:37.457545","indexId":"70249413","displayToPublicDate":"2023-10-06T11:03:16","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2006,"text":"Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A novel approach to assessing natural resource injury with Bayesian networks","docAbstract":"Quantifying the effects of environmental stressors on natural resources is problematic because of complex interactions among environmental factors that influence endpoints of interest. This complexity, coupled with data limitations, propagates uncertainty that can make it difficult to causally associate specific environmental stressors with injury endpoints. The Natural Resource Damage Assessment and Restoration (NRDAR) regulations under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act and Oil Pollution Act aim to restore natural resources injured by oil spills and hazardous substances released into the environment; exploration of alternative statistical methods to evaluate effects could help address NRDAR legal claims. Bayesian networks (BNs) are statistical tools that can be used to estimate the influence and interrelatedness of abiotic and biotic environmental variables on environmental endpoints of interest. We investigated the application of a BN for injury assessment using a hypothetical case study by simulating data of acid mine drainage (AMD) affecting a fictional stream-dwelling bird species. We compared the BN-generated probability estimates for injury with a more traditional approach using toxicity thresholds for water and sediment chemistry. Bayesian networks offered several distinct advantages over traditional approaches, including formalizing the use of expert knowledge, probabilistic estimates of injury using intermediate direct and indirect effects, and the incorporation of a more nuanced and ecologically relevant representation of effects. Given the potential that BNs have for natural resource injury assessment, more research and field-based application are needed to determine their efficacy in NRDAR. We expect the resulting methods will be of interest to many US federal, state, and tribal programs devoted to the evaluation, mitigation, remediation, and/or restoration of natural resources injured by releases or spills of contaminants
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ieam.4836","usgsCitation":"Rowland, F.E., Kotalik, C.J., Marcot, B.G., Hinck, J.E., and Walters, D., 2024, A novel approach to assessing natural resource injury with Bayesian networks: Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, v. 20, no. 2, p. 562-573, https://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.4836.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"562","endPage":"573","ipdsId":"IP-151776","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":441142,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.4836","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":421749,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowland, Freya Elizabeth 0000-0002-1041-5301","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1041-5301","contributorId":302395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowland","given":"Freya","email":"","middleInitial":"Elizabeth","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":885533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kotalik, Christopher James 0000-0001-6739-6036","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6739-6036","contributorId":301847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kotalik","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"James","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":885534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marcot, Bruce G.","contributorId":140456,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marcot","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":12647,"text":"U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hinck, Jo Ellen 0000-0002-4912-5766 jhinck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4912-5766","contributorId":2743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinck","given":"Jo","email":"jhinck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ellen","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":885536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Walters, David 0000-0002-4237-2158","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4237-2158","contributorId":203410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":885537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70255294,"text":"70255294 - 2024 - Identifying demographic and environmental drivers of population dynamics and viability in an endangered top predator using an integrated model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-14T12:07:19.042021","indexId":"70255294","displayToPublicDate":"2023-10-06T07:01:47","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":774,"text":"Animal Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identifying demographic and environmental drivers of population dynamics and viability in an endangered top predator using an integrated model","docAbstract":"Knowledge about the demographic and environmental factors underlying population dynamics is fundamental to designing effective conservation measures to recover depleted wildlife populations. However, sparse monitoring data or persistent knowledge gaps about threats make it difficult to identify the drivers of population dynamics. In situations where small, declining, or depleted populations show continued evidence of decline for unknown reasons, integrated population models can make efficient use of available data to improve our understanding of demography, provide fundamental insights into factors that may be limiting recovery, and support conservation decisions. We used mark-resight and aerial survey data from 2004 to 2018 to build a Bayesian integrated population model for the Cook Inlet population of beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas), which is listed as endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. We examined the effects of prey availability and oceanographic conditions on beluga vital rates and conducted a population viability analysis to predict extinction risk across a range of hypothetical changes in beluga survival and reproduction. Our results indicated that while the survival of breeding females (0.97; 95% CI: 0.95–0.99) and young calves (0.92; 0.80–0.98) was relatively high, the survival of nonbreeders (0.94; 0.91–0.97) and fecundity (0.28; 0.22–0.36) may be depressed. Furthermore, our analysis indicates that the population will likely continue to decline, with a 17–32% probability of extinction in 150 years. Our model highlights the utility of integrated population modeling for maximizing the usefulness of available data and identifying factors contributing to the failure of protected populations to recover. This framework can be used to evaluate proposed conservation and recovery efforts for this and other endangered species.
Ecological theory predicts that movement by riverine fishes at the population level is characterized by both stationary and mobile individuals together creating a leptokurtic distribution of movement distances. However, studies testing this theory typically ignore spatial heterogeneity in riverscapes, and the theory has not been tested using Alligator Gar (Atractosteus spatula), a species of growing interest among anglers and fisheries managers alike. We characterized movements and habitat associations of Alligator Gar in the Brazos River, Texas, at fine (every 2 h for 24 h) and coarse (every month for 16 months) spatiotemporal scales. We tested for the presence of leptokurtosis and relationships between movement distance, habitat dissimilarity, and time-at-large using multivariate and univariate statistical approaches. Dispersal by Alligator Gar revealed leptokurtosis at the coarse scale but not the fine scale. At the fine scale, mixed effects quantile regression revealed there was no relationship between habitat dissimilarity and dispersal distance, but dispersal was positively correlated with time. At the coarse scale, dispersal was positively correlated with increased habitat dissimilarity and time, but only for the most mobile individuals. Our work suggests that short-term movements by riverine Alligator Gar during warm seasons and at base flows increased with time but were unrelated to habitat, and long-term movements over an annual cycle during warm season flow pulses revealed highly mobile members of the population accessed distant and novel floodplain environments.
We develop and apply a dynamic economic simulation model to analyze the multi-regional impacts of, and mechanisms of recovery from, a major disaster, the HayWired scenario — a hypothetical Magnitude 7.0 earthquake affecting California’s San Francisco Bay Area. The model integrates loss pathways: capital stock damage, labor supply shocks due to short-term population displacement and longer-run out-migration from damaged areas, and the exacerbating effects of damage to transportation infrastructure capital, as well as various aspects of static and dynamic economic resilience. With input substitution-based static inherent resilience and dynamic resilience in the form of optimal intertemporal and spatial investment allocation, gross output losses range from 0.5 percent to 6 percent across regions, and welfare losses are 0.4 percent statewide but can be ten times as large in hardest-hit areas. Large-scale reconstruction investment is supported by substantial interregional transfers of resources through intra-state trade. Increased output via firms engaging in the key adaptive resilience tactic of production recapture can alleviate a substantial fraction of losses—but only if upstream and downstream barriers to recovery can be lowered quickly.
","language":"English","publisher":"Sage Journals","doi":"10.1177/01600176231202451","usgsCitation":"Sue Wing, I., Rose, A.Z., Wei, D., and Wein, A., 2024, The long shadow of a major disaster: Modeled dynamic impacts of the hypothetical HayWired earthquake on California’s economy: International Regional Science Review, v. 47, no. 5-6, p. 655-696, https://doi.org/10.1177/01600176231202451.","productDescription":"42 p.","startPage":"655","endPage":"696","ipdsId":"IP-138450","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":421891,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -124,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -124,\n 39\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"47","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sue Wing, Ian","contributorId":304246,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sue Wing","given":"Ian","affiliations":[{"id":13570,"text":"Boston University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":886077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rose, Adam Z","contributorId":330862,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rose","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"Z","affiliations":[{"id":13249,"text":"University of Southern California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":886078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wei, Dan","contributorId":248873,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wei","given":"Dan","affiliations":[{"id":13249,"text":"University of Southern California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":886079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wein, Anne 0000-0002-5516-3697 awein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5516-3697","contributorId":589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wein","given":"Anne","email":"awein@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":886080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70250169,"text":"70250169 - 2024 - Machine learning application to assess occurrence and saturations of methane hydrate in marine deposits offshore India","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-04T14:57:18.934706","indexId":"70250169","displayToPublicDate":"2023-10-04T08:34:25","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":17094,"text":"Journal Interpretation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Machine learning application to assess occurrence and saturations of methane hydrate in marine deposits offshore India","docAbstract":"Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) were used to assess methane hydrate occurrence and saturation in marine sediments offshore India. The ANN analysis classifies the gas hydrate occurrence into three types: methane hydrate in pore space, methane hydrate in fractures, or no methane hydrate. Further, predicted saturation characterizes the volume of gas hydrate with respect to the available void volume. Log data collected at six wells, which were drilled during the India National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 02 (NGHP-02), provided a combination of well log measurements that were used as input for machine learning (ML) models. Well log measurements included density, porosity, electrical resistivity, natural gamma radiation, and acoustic wave velocity. Combinations of well logs used in the ML models provide good overall balanced accuracy (0.79 to 0.86) for the prediction of the gas hydrate occurrence and good accuracy (0.68 to 0.92) for methane hydrate saturation prediction in the marine accumulations against reference data. The accuracy scores indicate that the ML models can successfully predict reservoir characteristics for marine methane hydrate deposits. The results indicate that the ML models can either augment physics-driven methods for assessing the occurrence and saturation of methane hydrate deposits or serve as an independent predictive tool for those characteristics.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists and American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1190/int-2023-0056.1","usgsCitation":"Chong, L., Collett, T., Creason, C.G., Seol, Y., and Myshakin, E., 2024, Machine learning application to assess occurrence and saturations of methane hydrate in marine deposits offshore India: Journal Interpretation, v. 12, p. T63-T75, https://doi.org/10.1190/int-2023-0056.1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"T63","endPage":"T75","ipdsId":"IP-151255","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467055,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/2059620","text":"External Repository"},{"id":422953,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"India","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 81,\n 16.75\n ],\n [\n 81,\n 15.4\n ],\n [\n 83.25,\n 15.4\n ],\n [\n 83.25,\n 16.75\n ],\n [\n 81,\n 16.75\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chong, Leebyn","contributorId":331733,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chong","given":"Leebyn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":64933,"text":"National Energy Technology Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collett, Timothy 0000-0002-7598-4708","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":220806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":888644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Creason, C. Gabriel","contributorId":331734,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Creason","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Gabriel","affiliations":[{"id":64933,"text":"National Energy Technology Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Seol, Yongkoo","contributorId":195139,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seol","given":"Yongkoo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":888646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Myshakin, E.M.","contributorId":229601,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Myshakin","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":41691,"text":"Office of Research and Development, National Energy Technology Laboratory, Morgantown, WV, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70249268,"text":"70249268 - 2024 - Spatial variation in density of American black bears in northern Yellowstone National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-04T17:20:03.177492","indexId":"70249268","displayToPublicDate":"2023-10-03T07:29:35","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":16872,"text":"The Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial variation in density of American black bears in northern Yellowstone National Park","docAbstract":"The quality and availability of resources are known to influence spatial patterns of animal density. In Yellowstone National Park, relationships between the availability of resources and the distribution of grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) have been explored but have yet to be examined in American black bears (Ursus americanus). We conducted non-invasive genetic sampling during 2017–2018 (mid-May to mid-July) and applied spatially explicit capture-recapture models to estimate density of black bears and examine associations with landscape features. In both years, density estimates were higher in forested vegetation communities, which provide food resources and thermal and security cover preferred by black bears, compared with non-forested areas. In 2017, density also varied by sex, with female densities being higher than males. Based on our estimates, the northern range of Yellowstone National Park supports one of the highest densities of black bears (20 black bears/100 km2) in the northern Rocky Mountains (6–12 black bears/100 km2 in other regions). Given these high densities, black bears could influence other wildlife populations more than previously thought, such as through displacement of sympatric predators from kills. Our study provides the first spatially explicit estimates of density for black bears within an ecosystem that contains the majority of North America's large mammal species. Our density estimates provide a baseline that can be used for future research and management decisions of black bears, including efforts to reduce human–bear conflicts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22497","usgsCitation":"Bowersock, N.R., Litt, A.R., Sawaya, M.A., Gunther, K.A., and van Manen, F.T., 2024, Spatial variation in density of American black bears in northern Yellowstone National Park: The Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 88, no. 1, e22497, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22497.","productDescription":"e22497, 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-152759","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":441146,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22497","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":421535,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.03494952723108,\n 43.72561860928255\n ],\n [\n -106.75486658878216,\n 43.72561860928255\n ],\n [\n -106.75486658878216,\n 45.330355263304455\n ],\n [\n -110.03494952723108,\n 45.330355263304455\n ],\n [\n -110.03494952723108,\n 43.72561860928255\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"88","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowersock, Nathaniel R.","contributorId":268804,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowersock","given":"Nathaniel","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":36555,"text":"Montana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":884948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Litt, Andrea R.","contributorId":208358,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Litt","given":"Andrea","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":36555,"text":"Montana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":884949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sawaya, Michael A.","contributorId":330440,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sawaya","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":78897,"text":"Sinopah Wildlife Research Associates","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":884950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gunther, Kerry A.","contributorId":84621,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gunther","given":"Kerry","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5118,"text":"Yellowstone National Park, Yellowstone Center for Resources, Bear Management Office, P.O. Box 168, Yellowstone National Park, WY 82190","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":884951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"van Manen, Frank T. 0000-0001-5340-8489 fvanmanen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5340-8489","contributorId":2267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Manen","given":"Frank","email":"fvanmanen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":884952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70251209,"text":"70251209 - 2024 - The inevitability of large shallow craters on Callisto and Ganymede: Implications for crater depth-diameter trends","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-29T12:40:51.426987","indexId":"70251209","displayToPublicDate":"2023-10-02T06:35:20","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The inevitability of large shallow craters on Callisto and Ganymede: Implications for crater depth-diameter trends","docAbstract":"Complex craters with diameters (D) ≥ 40 km on Callisto and Ganymede are shallower than would be expected from simply extrapolating the depth-diameter trend from smaller (D ≤ 40 km) craters. This unusual depth-diameter (d-D) trend, and associated changes in crater morphology, have been hypothesized to result from rheological transitions, including the existence of an ocean, within the moons' ice shell. Simulations of impact crater formation can reproduce the observed shallow depths but require heat fluxes roughly twice the maximum radiogenic flux to do so. Here we demonstrate that the d-D trends on Callisto and Ganymede can instead be explained as a direct consequence of viscous relaxation under radiogenic heating. We use numerical simulations of viscous relaxation to show that if craters form at the depth expected from an extrapolation of the complex crater d-D trend, they will evolve to the observed depths over timescales of 200 Myrs to 1 Gyrs. Large craters (e.g., D ≥ 80 km) younger than 200 Myrs, which would retain greater depths, should be relatively rare. If we instead assume that the craters formed at their observed depths, as proposed by previous impact modeling, they quickly become much shallower than observed. We find excellent agreement between observed crater depths on Ganymede and our simulated crater depths by assuming a pure-water ice composition and a diurnally averaged surface temperature of 120 K, but require either larger-grained or “dirty” ice with a modestly higher viscosity to match observations at Callisto, where the surface temperature is warmer (130 K). We favor the latter explanation because it is consistent with the existence of a dusty lag on Callisto's surface and the absence of a similar lag on Ganymede. Our results predict that, for a given crater diameter, post-relaxation crater depth should increase with increasing latitude, a hypothesis best tested on Callisto, whose relatively quiescent geologic history best preserves the signature of viscous relaxation under radiogenic heating.
Convergent margins play a fundamental role in the construction and modification of Earth's lithosphere and are characterized by poorly understood episodic processes that occur during the progression from subduction to terminal collision. On the northern margin of the active Arabia-Eurasia collision zone, the Greater Caucasus Mountains provide an opportunity to study a protracted convergent margin that spanned most of the Phanerozoic and culminated in Cenozoic continental collision. However, the main episodes of lithosphere formation and deformation along this margin remain enigmatic. Here, we use detrital zircon U–Pb geochronology from Paleozoic and Mesozoic (meta)sedimentary rocks in the Greater Caucasus, along with select zircon U–Pb and Hf isotopic data from coeval igneous rocks, to link key magmatic and depositional episodes along the Caucasus convergent margin. Devonian to Early Carboniferous rocks were deposited prior to Late Carboniferous accretion of the Greater Caucasus crystalline core onto the Laurussian margin. Permian to Triassic rocks document a period of northward subduction and forearc deposition south of a continental margin volcanic arc in the Northern Caucasus and Scythian Platform. Jurassic rocks record the opening of the Caucasus Basin as a back-arc rift during southward migration of the arc front into the Lesser Caucasus. Cretaceous rocks have few Jurassic-Cretaceous zircons, indicating a period of relative magmatic quiescence and minimal exhumation within this basin. Late Cenozoic closure of the Caucasus Basin juxtaposed the Lesser Caucasus arc to the south against the crystalline core of the Greater Caucasus to the north and led to the formation of a hypothesized terminal suture. We expect this suture to be within ~20 km of the southern range front of the Greater Caucasus because all analysed rocks to the north exhibit a provenance affinity with the crystalline core of the Greater Caucasus.
Reducing Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides recruitment and therefore population density could benefit recreational fisheries in small impoundments by improving individual growth rates and increasing the average size and condition of Largemouth Bass. To achieve these effects, methods of controlling Largemouth Bass recruitment should avoid reducing the productivity of their primary prey species, the Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus.
We tested this hypothesis by evaluating the effects of shoreline rotenone application on the density of Bluegill and the density, growth, and survival of age-0 and age-1 Largemouth Bass in 15 Alabama small impoundments.
After treatment, Largemouth Bass age-0 densities declined and mean age-1 length increased, whereas Bluegill populations were not significantly reduced.
Our study indicates that shoreline rotenone application may be a valuable method for reducing Largemouth Bass recruitment and increasing the growth of age-1 Largemouth Bass in small impoundments. However, further research is needed to understand the effects of treatment on nontarget fishes and to better assess the effects of factors such as impoundment surface area and treatment frequency and duration on the ultimate utility of the approach.
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2024 - Revisiting conservation units for the endangered mountain yellow-legged frog species complex (Rana muscosa, Rana sierrae) using multiple genomic methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-20T15:14:19.658245","indexId":"70249466","displayToPublicDate":"2023-09-29T07:14:17","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1324,"text":"Conservation Genetics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Revisiting conservation units for the endangered mountain yellow-legged frog species complex (Rana muscosa, Rana sierrae) using multiple genomic methods","docAbstract":"Insights from conservation genomics have dramatically improved recovery plans for numerous endangered species. However, most taxa have yet to benefit from the full application of genomic technologies. The mountain yellow-legged frog species complex, Rana muscosa and Rana sierrae, inhabits the Sierra Nevada mountains and Transverse/Peninsular Ranges of California and Nevada. Both species have declined precipitously throughout their historical distributions. Conservation management plans outline extensive ongoing recovery efforts but are still based on the genetic structure determined primarily using a single mitochondrial sequence. Our study used two different sequencing strategies – amplicon sequencing and exome capture – to refine our understanding of the population genetics of these imperiled amphibians. We used buccal swabs, museum tissue samples, and archived skin swabs to genotype frog populations across their range. Using the amplicon sequencing and exome capture datasets separately and combined, we document five major genetic clusters. Notably, we found evidence supporting previous species boundaries within Kings Canyon National Park with some exceptions at individual sites. Though we see evidence of genetic clustering, especially in the R. muscosa clade, we also found evidence of some admixture across cluster boundaries in the R. sierrae clade, suggesting a stepping-stone model of population structure. We also find that the southern R. muscosa cluster had large runs of homozygosity and the lowest overall heterozygosity of any of the clusters, consistent with previous reports of marked declines in this area. Overall, our results clarify management unit designations across the range of an endangered species and highlight the importance of sampling the entire range of a species, even when collecting genome-scale data.
Earthquakes are among the most destructive natural disasters and have resulted in a massive number of fatalities and economic losses all over the world. Simulated ground motion records are valuable, particularly for regions lacking seismic stations or with a limited history of large-magnitude earthquakes. Notably, a significant percentage of monumental masonry buildings are located in regions with limited access to real records; hence, simulated records play a paramount role in their seismic protection. However, few studies have investigated the structural response of heritage buildings via response history analyses to assess the performance of simulated earthquakes against real ones. To accomplish this, this study simulates the recorded time-series of the 9th of July 1998 Faial earthquake in the Azores (Mw = 6.2) at four available stations, using two different simulation approaches, that is, a source-based stochastic finite-fault method and a site-based broadband stochastic method. First, two masonry facades with sidewalls characterized by different slenderness levels are adopted to conduct this research. Moreover, the proposed approach is also applied to an existing monumental structure, that is, São Francisco Church, located at Horta, which was affected by damage during the Faial earthquake. Results demonstrate that both simulation approaches provide similar results in terms of structural response prediction. The proposed framework also demonstrates that a small mismatch in terms of predicted damage patterns can result in a significant relative error in terms of displacement predictions.
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Yet most plant translocation syntheses focus on a few factors influencing short-term benchmarks of success (e.g., survival and reproduction). Short-term benchmarks can be misleading when trying to infer future growth and viability because the factors that promote establishment may differ from those required for long-term persistence. We assembled a large (n = 275) and broadly representative dataset of well-documented and monitored (7.9 years on average) at-risk plant translocations to identify the most important site attributes, management techniques, and species traits for six life-cycle benchmarks and population metrics of translocation success. Using the random forest algorithm, we found that drivers of translocation outcomes varied across timeframes and metrics of success. Management techniques had the greatest relative influence on the attainment of life-cycle benchmarks and short-term population trends while site attributes and species traits were more important for population persistence and longer-term trends. Specifically, large founder sizes increased the potential for reproduction and recruitment into the next generation, while declining habitat quality and the outplanting of species with low seed production led to increased extinction risks and a reduction in potential reproductive output in the long-term, respectively. We also detected novel interactions between some of the most important drivers, such as an increased probability of next-generation recruitment in species with greater seed production rates, but only when coupled with large founder sizes. Since most significant barriers to plant translocation success can be overcome by improving techniques or resolving site-level issues through early intervention and management, we suggest that by combining long-term monitoring with adaptive management, translocation programs can enhance the prospects of achieving long-term success.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Conservation Biology","doi":"10.1111/cobi.14190","usgsCitation":"Bellis, J., Osazuwa-Peters, O.L., Maschinski, J., Keir, M.J., Parsons, E.W., Kaye, T., Kunz, M., Possley, J., Menges, E., Smith, S.A., Roth, D., Brewer, D., Brumback, W.E., Lange, J.J., Niederer, C., Turner-Skoff, J.B., Bontrager, M., Braham, R., Coppoletta, M., Holl, K., Williamson, P., Bell, T.J., Jonas, J., McEachern, K., Robertson, K.L., Birnbaum, S.J., Dattilo, A., Dollard, J.J., Fant, J., Kishida, W., Lesica, P., Link, S.O., Pavlovic, N., Poole, J., Reemts, C.M., Stiling, P., Taylor, D.D., Titus, J.H., Titus, P.J., Adkins, E.D., Chambers, T., Paschke, M.W., Heinman, K.D., and Albrecht, M.A., 2024, Identifying predictors of translocation success in rare plant species: Conservation Biology, v. 38, no. 2, e14190, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.14190.","productDescription":"e14190, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-153276","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological 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paddlefish and evaluate depth use in a reservoir","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-07T16:15:44.408223","indexId":"70256476","displayToPublicDate":"2023-09-26T11:15:03","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"title":"Using down-scan capabilities from recreational-grade side-scan sonar systems to sample paddlefish and evaluate depth use in a reservoir","docAbstract":"Recreational-grade side-scan sonar (SSS) has only recently been applied to estimate abundance of Paddlefish Polyodon spathula, a large pelagic planktivore, in reservoirs. Current recreational-grade SSS units also have a dedicated down-scan channel, which may be useful for detecting Paddlefish in reservoirs because the range of depths they inhabit. We investigated the utility of down-scan images using SSS data from a previously published study of Paddlefish in Keystone Lake, Oklahoma. Two readers counted Paddlefish and estimated the depth of each fish and the water column. We used proximity functions in a geographic information system to find individual Paddlefish that were common between the readers. We further used proximity functions to identify common fish observed from the SSS survey conducted previously as an aid to compare and refine down-scan estimates. Depth of Paddlefish averaged approximately 7 m, but fish were deeper when water was deeper. Density estimates from down-scan were comparable to side-scan, but only after utilizing the side-scan data to adjust for detection-by-distance in a dual-gear approach. Down-scan data thus appear to be useful for not only estimating density of Paddlefish, but also for incorporating depth use, creating a three-dimensional database of locations that can inform managers of optimal depths for sampling gear (e.g., gill nets), improve monitoring efficiency, and facilitate better management of reservoir populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.fishres.2023.106872","usgsCitation":"Long, J.M., Joyce, P., Bruckerhoff, L., Lonsinger, R.C., and Wolfenkoehler, W., 2024, Using down-scan capabilities from recreational-grade side-scan sonar systems to sample paddlefish and evaluate depth use in a reservoir, v. 269, 106872, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2023.106872.","productDescription":"106872, 8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-155831","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":432362,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Keystone Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.46168930943298,\n 36.327912527967385\n ],\n [\n -96.46168930943298,\n 36.10858643895318\n ],\n [\n -96.21251987229255,\n 36.10858643895318\n ],\n [\n -96.21251987229255,\n 36.327912527967385\n ],\n [\n -96.46168930943298,\n 36.327912527967385\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"269","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Long, James M. 0000-0002-8658-9949 jmlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8658-9949","contributorId":3453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"James","email":"jmlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":907548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Joyce, P.","contributorId":340781,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Joyce","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7249,"text":"Oklahoma State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bruckerhoff, L.","contributorId":340782,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bruckerhoff","given":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":36630,"text":"Ohio State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lonsinger, Robert Charles 0000-0002-1040-7299","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1040-7299","contributorId":340524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lonsinger","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"Charles","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":907551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wolfenkoehler, W.","contributorId":340783,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wolfenkoehler","given":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":7249,"text":"Oklahoma State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70250088,"text":"70250088 - 2024 - Using multiple metal mixture models to predict toxicity of riverine sediment porewater to the benthic life stage of juvenile white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-04T14:52:22.03027","indexId":"70250088","displayToPublicDate":"2023-09-26T06:35:14","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":17090,"text":"Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using multiple metal mixture models to predict toxicity of riverine sediment porewater to the benthic life stage of juvenile white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus)","docAbstract":"Five metal mixture dose–response models were used to predict the toxicity of porewater to young sturgeon at areas of interest in the Upper Columbia River (WA, USA/BC, Canada) and to evaluate these models as tools for risk assessments. Dose components of metal mixture models included exposure to free metal ion activities or metal accumulation by biotic ligands or humic acid, and links of dose to response used logistic equations, independent joint action equations, or additive toxicity functions. Laboratory bioassay studies of single metal exposures to juvenile sturgeon, porewater collected in situ in the fast-flowing Upper Columbia River, and metal mixture models were used to evaluate toxicity. The five metal mixture models were very similar in their predictions of adverse response of juvenile sturgeon and in identifying copper (Cu) as the metal responsible for the most toxic conditions. Although the modes of toxic action and the 20% effective concentration values were different among the dose models, predictions of adverse response were consistent among models because all doses were tied to the same biological responses. All models indicated that 56% ± 5% of 122 porewater samples were predicted to have <20% adverse response, 25% ± 5% of samples were predicted to have 20% to 80% adverse response, and 20% ± 4% were predicted to have >80% adverse response in juvenile sturgeon. The approach of combining bioassay toxicity data, compositions of field porewater, and metal mixture models to predict lack of growth and survival of aquatic organisms due to metal toxicity is an important tool that can be integrated with other information (e.g., survey studies of organism populations, life cycle and behavior characteristics, sediment geochemistry, and food sources) to assess risks to aquatic organisms in metal-enriched ecosystems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;00:1–12. Published 2023. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Extreme winter temperatures govern the northern range limit of black mangroves (Avicennia germinans) in southeastern North America. There is a pressing need for studies that advance our understanding of how extreme cold temperature events affect mangroves near their range limits. However, such events are infrequent and challenging to study at regional scales. Here, we compared the damage to mangroves from extreme freeze events in 2018 and 2021, using local data from sites in USA (Florida, Louisiana, and Texas) and northeastern Mexico (Tamaulipas). In 2018, mangrove damage was concentrated in Louisiana and the upper Texas coast, where minimum temperatures ranged from -4 °C to -7 °C. In 2021, damage from a more severe freeze event was concentrated along the central to northern coasts of Texas, where minimum temperatures ranged from -4 °C to -10 °C. We used regional temperature and vegetation data from these events to quantify temperature thresholds for A. germinans leaf damage. Our results indicate that A. germinans leaf damage is likely to occur when temperatures are between -4 °C and -6 °C. These findings help refine temperature thresholds for A. germinans leaf damage and advance understanding of the effects of extreme freeze events on mangrove range expansion. This information is valuable for anticipating future range dynamics in a warming world.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12237-023-01279-7","usgsCitation":"Kaalstad, S., Osland, M., Devlin, D.J., Proffitt, C., Feher, L., Armitage, A.R., Day, R., Swanson, K., Anderson, G., Berger, B., Cebrian, J., Cummins, K.L., Dunton, K., Feller, I.C., Fierro-Cabo, A., Flores, E.A., From, A., Hughes, A.R., Kaplan, D.A., Langston, A.K., Martinez, M., Martinez, B., Miller, C., Reaver, N.G., Sanspree, C.R., Snyder, C.M., Stetter, A.P., Thompson, J., and Zamora-Tovar, C., 2024, Temperature thresholds for leaf damage from two extreme freeze events (2018 and 2021) near the northern range limit of black mangroves (Avicennia germinans) in southeastern North America: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 47, p. 292-300, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-023-01279-7.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"292","endPage":"300","ipdsId":"IP-149138","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":421750,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.7093082379138,\n 31.07061973414541\n ],\n [\n -97.7093082379138,\n 24.265788006919635\n ],\n [\n -97.09407386291379,\n 24.14554317176828\n ],\n [\n -79.25227698791403,\n 23.98504066162903\n ],\n [\n -80.83430823791386,\n 30.844508558676267\n ],\n [\n -97.7093082379138,\n 31.07061973414541\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"47","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaalstad, Simen","contributorId":328569,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaalstad","given":"Simen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34838,"text":"Texas A&M Corpus Christi","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Osland, Michael 0000-0001-9902-8692","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9902-8692","contributorId":222814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osland","given":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":885720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Devlin, Donna J.","contributorId":305364,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Devlin","given":"Donna","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":34838,"text":"Texas A&M Corpus Christi","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Proffitt, C. 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