Fish and wildlife may bioaccumulate mercury (Hg) to levels that adversely affect reproduction, growth, and survival. Sources of Hg within the Cache Creek Watershed in northern California have been identified, and concentrations of Hg in invertebrates and fish have been documented. However, bioaccumulation of Hg by amphibians has not been evaluated. In this study, adult and juvenile American bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus) and foothill yellow-legged frogs (Rana boylii), adult Northern Pacific treefrogs (Pseudacris regilla), and larval bullfrogs were collected and analyzed for total Hg. One or more species of amphibians from 40% of the 35 sites had mean Hg concentrations greater than the US Environmental Protection Agency’s tissue residue criterion for fish (0.3 μg/g). Of the bullfrog tissues analyzed, the liver had the highest concentrations of both total Hg and methyl mercury. Total Hg in carcasses of bullfrogs was highly correlated with total Hg in leg muscle, the tissue most often consumed by humans.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10661-009-0847-3","usgsCitation":"Hothem, R.L., Jennings, M.R., and Crayon, J.J., 2010, Mercury contamination in three species of anuran amphibians from the Cache Creek watershed, California, USA: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 163, no. 1-4, p. 433-448, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-009-0847-3.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"433","endPage":"448","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358611,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Cache Creek Watershed","volume":"163","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-04-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10c9bde4b034bf6a7f72a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hothem, Roger L. roger_hothem@usgs.gov","contributorId":1721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hothem","given":"Roger","email":"roger_hothem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jennings, Mark R.","contributorId":31345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crayon, John J.","contributorId":174935,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crayon","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70208545,"text":"70208545 - 2010 - Automated masking of cloud and cloud shadow for forest change analysis using Landsat images","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-20T10:09:11","indexId":"70208545","displayToPublicDate":"2008-04-06T12:56:07","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Automated masking of cloud and cloud shadow for forest change analysis using Landsat images","docAbstract":"Accurate masking of cloud and cloud shadow is a prerequisite for reliable mapping of land surface attributes. Cloud contamination is particularly a problem for land cover change analysis, because unflagged clouds may be mapped as false changes, and the level of such false changes can be comparable to or many times more than that of actual changes, even for images with small percentages of cloud cover. Here we develop an algorithm for automatically flagging clouds and their shadows in Landsat images. This algorithm uses clear view forest pixels as a reference to define cloud boundaries for separating cloud from clear view surfaces in a spectral-temperature space. Shadow locations are predicted according to cloud height estimates and sun illumination geometry, and actual shadow pixels are identified by searching the darkest pixels surrounding the predicted shadow locations. This algorithm produced omission errors of around 1% for the cloud class, although the errors were higher for an image that had very low cloud cover and one acquired in a semiarid environment. While higher values were reported for other error measures, most of the errors were found around the edges of detected clouds and shadows, and many were due to difficulties in flagging thin clouds and the shadow cast by them, both by the developed algorithm and by the image analyst in deriving the reference data. We concluded that this algorithm is especially suitable for forest change analysis, because the commission and omission errors of the derived masks are not likely to significantly bias change analysis results.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/01431160903369642","usgsCitation":"Huang, C., Thomas, N., Goward, S.N., Masek, J.G., Zhu, Z., Townshend, J., and Vogelmann, J., 2010, Automated masking of cloud and cloud shadow for forest change analysis using Landsat images: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 31, no. 20, p. 5449-5464, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160903369642.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"5449","endPage":"5464","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":372349,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-10-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huang, Chengquan 0000-0003-0055-9798","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0055-9798","contributorId":198972,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huang","given":"Chengquan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7261,"text":"Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":782380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, Nancy","contributorId":7657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Nancy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goward, Samuel N.","contributorId":44459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goward","given":"Samuel","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Masek, Jeffery G.","contributorId":87438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masek","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zhu, Zhiliang 0000-0002-6860-6936 zzhu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-6936","contributorId":150078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Zhiliang","email":"zzhu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5055,"text":"Land Change Science","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":505,"text":"Office of the AD Climate and Land-Use Change","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":782384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Townshend, J.R.G.","contributorId":15321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Townshend","given":"J.R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Vogelmann, James 0000-0002-0804-5823 vogel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0804-5823","contributorId":192352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogelmann","given":"James","email":"vogel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5055,"text":"Land Change Science","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":782386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70041533,"text":"70041533 - 2009 - The observed relationship between wave conditions and beach response, Ocean Beach, San Francisco, CA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-29T14:24:25","indexId":"70041533","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-06T08:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The observed relationship between wave conditions and beach response, Ocean Beach, San Francisco, CA","docAbstract":"Understanding how sandy beaches respond to storms is critical for effective sediment management and developing successful erosion mitigation efforts. However, only limited progress has been made in relating observed beach changes to wave conditions, with one of the major limiting factors being the lack of temporally dense beach topography and nearshore wave data in most studies. This study uses temporally dense beach topographic and offshore wave data to directly link beach response and wave forcing with generally good results. Ocean Beach is an open coast high-energy sandy beach located in San Francisco, CA, USA. From April 2004 through the end of 2008, 60 three-dimensional topographic beach surveys were conducted on approximately a monthly basis, with more frequent “short-term surveys during the winters of 2005-06 and 2006-07. Shoreline position data from the short-term surveys show good correlation with offshore wave height, period, and direction averaged over several days prior to the survey (mean R*=0.54 for entire beach). There is, however, considerable alongshore variation in model performance, with R- values ranging from 0.81 to 0.19 for individual sections of the beach. After wave height, the direction of wave approach was the most important factor in determining the response of the shoreline, followed by wave period. Our results indicate that an empirical predictive model of beach response to wave conditions at Ocean Beach is possible with frequent beach mapping and wave data, and that such a model could be useful to coastal managers.
","language":"English","publisher":"Coastal Education & Research Foundation","usgsCitation":"Hansen, J., and Barnard, P., 2009, The observed relationship between wave conditions and beach response, Ocean Beach, San Francisco, CA: Journal of Coastal Research, no. Special Issue 56, p. 1771-1775.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1771","endPage":"1775","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-011160","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310776,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"Ocean Beach","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.60604858398438,\n 37.505368263398104\n ],\n [\n -122.60604858398438,\n 37.804358908571395\n ],\n [\n -122.43301391601562,\n 37.804358908571395\n ],\n [\n -122.43301391601562,\n 37.505368263398104\n ],\n [\n -122.60604858398438,\n 37.505368263398104\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","issue":"Special Issue 56","publicComments":"Proceedings of the 10th International Coastal Symposium","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56334344e4b048076347eeed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansen, J.E.","contributorId":11855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnard, P.L.","contributorId":20527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnard","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70047441,"text":"70047441 - 2009 - A look at construction aggregates production","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-06T10:46:18","indexId":"70047441","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T10:40:25","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3480,"text":"Stone, Sand & Gravel Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A look at construction aggregates production","docAbstract":"Construction aggregates are defined as the combination of crushed stone and construction sand and gravel. Aggregates are one of the most accessible natural resources on Earth and one of the fundamental building blocks of our society. They have been used from the earliest times of our civilization for a variety of applications that have increased in number and complexity with time and technological progress. Despite the relatively low but increasing unit value of its basic products, the construction aggregates industry is a major contributor to and an indicator of the economic well-being of the nation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Stone, Sand & Gravel Review","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Stone, Sand & Gravel Association","usgsCitation":"Willett, J., 2009, A look at construction aggregates production: Stone, Sand & Gravel Review, v. 25, no. 2, p. 33-36.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"33","endPage":"36","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276106,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":276105,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/naylor/NSAS0209/index.php?startid=33#/32"}],"volume":"25","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52021adfe4b0e21cafa49c0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Willett, Jason Christopher","contributorId":85480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willett","given":"Jason Christopher","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70043797,"text":"70043797 - 2009 - Channel water balance and exchange with subsurface flow along a mountain headwater stream in Montana, United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-12T09:39:08","indexId":"70043797","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Channel water balance and exchange with subsurface flow along a mountain headwater stream in Montana, United States","docAbstract":"Channel water balances of contiguous reaches along streams represent a poorly understood scale of stream-subsurface interaction. We measured reach water balances along a headwater stream in Montana, United States, during summer base flow recessions. Reach water balances were estimated from series of tracer tests in 13 consecutive reaches delineated evenly along a 2.6 km valley segment. For each reach, we estimated net change in discharge, gross hydrologic loss, and gross hydrologic gain from tracer dilution and mass recovery. Four series of tracer tests were performed during relatively high, intermediate, and low base flow conditions. The relative distribution of channel water along the stream was strongly related to a transition in valley structure, with a general increase in gross losses through the recession. During tracer tests at intermediate and low flows, there were frequent substantial losses of tracer mass (>10%) that could not be explained by net loss in flow over the reach, indicating that many of the study reaches were concurrently losing and gaining water. For example, one reach with little net change in discharge exchanged nearly 20% of upstream flow with gains and losses along the reach. These substantial bidirectional exchanges suggest that some channel interactions with subsurface flow paths were not measurable by net change in flow or transient storage of recovered tracer. Understanding bidirectional channel water balances in stream reaches along valleys is critical to an accurate assessment of stream solute fate and transport and to a full assessment of exchanges between the stream channel and surrounding subsurface.","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2008WR007644","usgsCitation":"Payn, R., Gooseff, M., McGlynn, B., Bencala, K., and Wondzell, S., 2009, Channel water balance and exchange with subsurface flow along a mountain headwater stream in Montana, United States: Water Resources Research, v. 45, no. 11, W11427, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008WR007644.","productDescription":"W11427","ipdsId":"IP-010244","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475970,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008wr007644","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":273512,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273509,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008WR007644"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.05,44.36 ], [ -116.05,49.0 ], [ -104.04,49.0 ], [ -104.04,44.36 ], [ -116.05,44.36 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"45","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-11-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b6f565e4b0097a7158e594","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Payn, R.A.","contributorId":18208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payn","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gooseff, M.N.","contributorId":21668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gooseff","given":"M.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGlynn, B.L.","contributorId":106664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGlynn","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bencala, K.E.","contributorId":105312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wondzell, S.M.","contributorId":18599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wondzell","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70003362,"text":"70003362 - 2009 - Investigating hydraulic connections and the origin of water in a mine tunnel using stable isotopes and hydrographs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-25T18:36:07.567184","indexId":"70003362","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-27T11:42:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Investigating hydraulic connections and the origin of water in a mine tunnel using stable isotopes and hydrographs","docAbstract":"Turquoise Lake is a water-supply reservoir located north of the historic Sugarloaf Mining district near Leadville, Colorado, USA. Elevated water levels in the reservoir may increase flow of low-quality water from abandoned mine tunnels in the Sugarloaf District and degrade water quality downstream. The objective of this study was to understand the sources of water to Dinero mine drainage tunnel and evaluate whether or not there was a direct hydrologic connection between Dinero mine tunnel and Turquoise Lake from late 2002 to early 2008. This study utilized hydrograph data from nearby draining mine tunnels and the lake, and stable isotope (δ18O and δ2H) data from the lake, nearby draining mine tunnels, imported water, and springs to characterize water sources in the study area. Hydrograph results indicate that flow from the Dinero mine tunnel decreased 26% (2006) and 10% (2007) when lake elevation (above mean sea level) decreased below approximately 3004 m (approximately 9855 feet). Results of isotope analysis delineated two meteoric water lines in the study area. One line characterizes surface water and water imported to the study area from the western side of the Continental Divide. The other line characterizes groundwater including draining mine tunnels, springs, and seeps. Isotope mixing calculations indicate that water from Turquoise Lake or seasonal groundwater recharge from snowmelt represents approximately 10% or less of the water in Dinero mine tunnel. However, most of the water in Dinero mine tunnel is from deep groundwater having minimal isotopic variation. The asymmetric shape of the Dinero mine tunnel hydrograph may indicate that a limited mine pool exists behind a collapse in the tunnel and attenutates seasonal recharge. Alternatively, a conceptual model is presented (and supported with MODFLOW simulations) that is consistent with current and previous data collected in the study area, and illustrates how fluctuating lake levels change the local water-table elevation which can affect discharge from the Dinero mine tunnel without physical transfer of water between the two locations.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.09.015","usgsCitation":"Walton-Day, K., and Poeter, E., 2009, Investigating hydraulic connections and the origin of water in a mine tunnel using stable isotopes and hydrographs: Applied Geochemistry, v. 24, no. 12, p. 2266-2282, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.09.015.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"2266","endPage":"2282","temporalStart":"2002-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257154,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Leadville","otherGeospatial":"Turquoise Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.4688491821289,\n 39.19581074223468\n ],\n [\n -106.28929138183594,\n 39.19581074223468\n ],\n [\n -106.28929138183594,\n 39.313581716526485\n ],\n [\n -106.4688491821289,\n 39.313581716526485\n ],\n [\n -106.4688491821289,\n 39.19581074223468\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"24","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3e68e4b0c8380cd63d63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walton-Day, Katherine 0000-0002-9146-6193","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9146-6193","contributorId":68339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walton-Day","given":"Katherine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poeter, Eileen","contributorId":24616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poeter","given":"Eileen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70003417,"text":"70003417 - 2009 - Estuarine water quality in parks of the Northeast Coastal and Barrier Network: Development and early implementation of vital signs estuarine nutrient-enrichment monitoring, 2003-06","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-29T01:01:35","indexId":"70003417","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-20T09:40:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2828,"text":"Natural Resource Technical Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estuarine water quality in parks of the Northeast Coastal and Barrier Network: Development and early implementation of vital signs estuarine nutrient-enrichment monitoring, 2003-06","docAbstract":"This report documents results of pilot tests of a protocol for monitoring estuarine nutrient enrichment for the Vital Signs Monitoring Program of the National Park Service Northeast Coastal and Barrier Network. Data collected from four parks during protocol development in 2003-06 are presented: Gateway National Recreation Area, Colonial National Historic Park, Fire Island National Seashore, and Assateague Island National Seashore. The monitoring approach incorporates several spatial and temporal designs to address questions at a hierarchy of scales. Indicators of estuarine response to nutrient enrichment were sampled using a probability design within park estuaries during a late-summer index period. Monitoring variables consisted of dissolved-oxygen concentration, chlorophyll a concentration, water temperature, salinity, attenuation of downwelling photosynthetically available radiation (PAR), and turbidity. The statistical sampling design allowed the condition of unsampled locations to be inferred from the distribution of data from a set of randomly positioned \"probability\" stations. A subset of sampling stations was sampled repeatedly during the index period, and stations were not rerandomized in subsequent years. These \"trend stations\" allowed us to examine temporal variability within the index period, and to improve the sensitivity of the monitoring protocol to detecting change through time. Additionally, one index site in each park was equipped for continuous monitoring throughout the index period. Thus, the protocol includes elements of probabilistic and targeted spatial sampling, and the temporal intensity ranges from snapshot assessments to continuous monitoring.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Resource Technical Report","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Kopp, B.S., Nielsen, M., Glisic, D., and Neckles, H.A., 2009, Estuarine water quality in parks of the Northeast Coastal and Barrier Network: Development and early implementation of vital signs estuarine nutrient-enrichment monitoring, 2003-06: Natural Resource Technical Report, v. 266.","numberOfPages":"135","temporalStart":"2003-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":256980,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":21686,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nps.gov/nero/science/FINAL/NCBN_water_quality.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","volume":"266","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0bc5e4b0c8380cd52881","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kopp, Blaine S.","contributorId":99648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kopp","given":"Blaine","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nielsen, Martha","contributorId":19415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"Martha","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Glisic, Dejan","contributorId":93742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glisic","given":"Dejan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Neckles, Hilary A. 0000-0002-5662-2314 hneckles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5662-2314","contributorId":3821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neckles","given":"Hilary","email":"hneckles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70003425,"text":"70003425 - 2009 - Trends in anuran occupancy from northeastern states of the North American Monitoring Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:16:02","indexId":"70003425","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-15T15:50:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1894,"text":"Herpetological Conservation and Biology","onlineIssn":"2151-0733","printIssn":"1931-7603","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trends in anuran occupancy from northeastern states of the North American Monitoring Program","docAbstract":"We present the first multi-year occupancy trends from North American Amphibian Monitoring Program (NAAMP) data in 10 northeastern states using seven years of data (2001-2007). NAAMP uses a calling survey technique where observers listen for anuran vocalizations along assigned random roadside routes. We were able to assess occupancy trends in 10 northeastern states for 16 species and one species complex, for 94 species/state combinations. We found no significant trends for 64 species/state combinations. For the remaining 30 species/state combinations with significant trends, these split between declining and increasing trends. On a species-by-species basis, two species had declining trends, with significant trends in six states for Pseudacris crucifer and four states for Bufo americanus. The trends of Rana catesbeiana significantly increased in four states, but had no trend in the remaining states.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Herpetological Conservation and Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Herpetological Conservation and Biology","publisherLocation":"http://www.herpconbio.org","usgsCitation":"Weir, L., Fiske, I.J., and Royle, J., 2009, Trends in anuran occupancy from northeastern states of the North American Monitoring Program: Herpetological Conservation and Biology, v. 4, no. 3, p. 389-402.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"389","endPage":"402","numberOfPages":"14","temporalStart":"2001-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204698,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":21690,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.herpconbio.org/Volume_4/Issue_3/Weir_etal_2009.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","volume":"4","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb7e1e4b08c986b32753d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weir, Linda","contributorId":16163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weir","given":"Linda","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fiske, Ian J.","contributorId":96411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fiske","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":80808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70004101,"text":"70004101 - 2009 - Web GIS in practice VII: stereoscopic 3-D solutions for online maps and virtual globes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-06T01:01:41","indexId":"70004101","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T18:54:31","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2050,"text":"International Journal of Health Geographics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Web GIS in practice VII: stereoscopic 3-D solutions for online maps and virtual globes","docAbstract":"Because our pupils are about 6.5 cm apart, each eye views a scene from a different angle and sends a unique image to the visual cortex, which then merges the images from both eyes into a single picture. The slight difference between the right and left images allows the brain to properly perceive the 'third dimension' or depth in a scene (stereopsis). However, when a person views a conventional 2-D (two-dimensional) image representation of a 3-D (three-dimensional) scene on a conventional computer screen, each eye receives essentially the same information. Depth in such cases can only be approximately inferred from visual clues in the image, such as perspective, as only one image is offered to both eyes. The goal of stereoscopic 3-D displays is to project a slightly different image into each eye to achieve a much truer and realistic perception of depth, of different scene planes, and of object relief. This paper presents a brief review of a number of stereoscopic 3-D hardware and software solutions for creating and displaying online maps and virtual globes (such as Google Earth) in \"true 3D\", with costs ranging from almost free to multi-thousand pounds sterling. A practical account is also given of the experience of the USGS BRD UMESC (United States Geological Survey's Biological Resources Division, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center) in setting up a low-cost, full-colour stereoscopic 3-D system.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Health Geographics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"BioMed Central Ltd","publisherLocation":"London, U.K.","doi":"10.1186/1476-072X-8-59","usgsCitation":"Boulos, M.N., and Robinson, L.R., 2009, Web GIS in practice VII: stereoscopic 3-D solutions for online maps and virtual globes: International Journal of Health Geographics, v. 8, 12 p.; Article 59, https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-072X-8-59.","productDescription":"12 p.; Article 59","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475983,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-072x-8-59","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":258185,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":258176,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1476-072X-8-59","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcfc1e4b08c986b32eaab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boulos, Maged N.K.","contributorId":56496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boulos","given":"Maged","email":"","middleInitial":"N.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinson, Larry R. 0000-0002-3049-6479 lrobinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3049-6479","contributorId":3136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Larry","email":"lrobinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70003391,"text":"70003391 - 2009 - Modeling co-occurrence of northern spotted and barred owls: accounting for detection probability differences","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:16:01","indexId":"70003391","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T12:52:56","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling co-occurrence of northern spotted and barred owls: accounting for detection probability differences","docAbstract":"Barred owls (Strix varia) have recently expanded their range and now encompass the entire range of the northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina). This expansion has led to two important issues of concern for management of northern spotted owls: (1) possible competitive interactions between the two species that could contribute to population declines of northern spotted owls, and (2) possible changes in vocalization behavior and detection probabilities of northern spotted owls induced by presence of barred owls. We used a two-species occupancy model to investigate whether there was evidence of competitive exclusion between the two species at study locations in Oregon, USA. We simultaneously estimated detection probabilities for both species and determined if the presence of one species influenced the detection of the other species. Model selection results and associated parameter estimates provided no evidence that barred owls excluded spotted owls from territories. We found strong evidence that detection probabilities differed for the two species, with higher probabilities for northern spotted owls that are the object of current surveys. Non-detection of barred owls is very common in surveys for northern spotted owls, and detection of both owl species was negatively influenced by the presence of the congeneric species. Our results suggest that analyses directed at hypotheses of barred owl effects on demographic or occupancy vital rates of northern spotted owls need to deal adequately with imperfect and variable detection probabilities for both species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2009.07.028","usgsCitation":"Bailey, L., Reid, J.A., Forsman, E.D., and Nichols, J., 2009, Modeling co-occurrence of northern spotted and barred owls: accounting for detection probability differences: Biological Conservation, v. 142, no. 12, p. 2983-2989, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2009.07.028.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2983","endPage":"2989","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204476,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":21671,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2009.07.028","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","volume":"142","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5be8e4b0c8380cd6f8ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bailey, Larissa L.","contributorId":93183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Larissa L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reid, Janice A.","contributorId":98034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"Janice","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Forsman, Eric D.","contributorId":96792,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Forsman","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James D.","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":347099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70003394,"text":"70003394 - 2009 - Response to the Point of View of Gregory B. Pauly, David M. Hillis, and David C. Cannatella, by the Anuran Subcommittee of the SSAR/HL/ASIH Scientific and Standard English Names List","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:16:00","indexId":"70003394","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1892,"text":"Herpetologica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response to the Point of View of Gregory B. Pauly, David M. Hillis, and David C. Cannatella, by the Anuran Subcommittee of the SSAR/HL/ASIH Scientific and Standard English Names List","docAbstract":"The Point of View by Gregory Pauly, David Hillis, and David Cannatella misrepresents the motives and activities of the anuran subcommittee of the Scientific and Standard English Names Committee, contains a number of misleading statements, omits evidence and references to critical literature that have already rejected or superseded their positions, and cloaks the limitations of their nomenclatural approach in ambiguous language. Their Point of View is not about promoting transparency in the process of constructing the English Names list, assuring that its taxonomy is adequately reviewed, or promoting nomenclatural stability in any global sense. Rather, their Point of View focuses in large part on a single publication, The Amphibian Tree of Life, which is formally unrelated to the Standard English Names List, and promotes an approach to nomenclature mistakenly asserted by them to be compatible with both the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature and one of its competitors, the PhyloCode.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Herpetologica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Herpetologists' League","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","usgsCitation":"Frost, D., McDiarmid, R.W., and Mendelson, J.R., 2009, Response to the Point of View of Gregory B. Pauly, David M. Hillis, and David C. Cannatella, by the Anuran Subcommittee of the SSAR/HL/ASIH Scientific and Standard English Names List: Herpetologica, v. 65, no. 2, p. 136-153.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"136","endPage":"153","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204497,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":21673,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://si-pddr.si.edu/jspui/bitstream/10088/11419/1/vz_2009_Response_to_Point_of_View_Herpetologica_65_136-153.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"65","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db628306","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frost, Darrel R.","contributorId":69851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frost","given":"Darrel R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDiarmid, Roy W. 0000-0002-7649-1796 rmcdiarmid@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7649-1796","contributorId":3603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDiarmid","given":"Roy","email":"rmcdiarmid@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mendelson, Joseph R. III","contributorId":46834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mendelson","given":"Joseph","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70003485,"text":"70003485 - 2009 - Integrated sequence stratigraphy of the postimpact sediments from the Eyreville core holes, Chesapeake Bay impact structure inner basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-12T18:01:07.885958","indexId":"70003485","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrated sequence stratigraphy of the postimpact sediments from the Eyreville core holes, Chesapeake Bay impact structure inner basin","docAbstract":"The Eyreville core holes provide the first continuously cored record of postimpact sequences from within the deepest part of the central Chesapeake Bay impact crater. We analyzed the upper Eocene to Pliocene postimpact sediments from the Eyreville A and C core holes for lithology (semiquantitative measurements of grain size and composition), sequence stratigraphy, and chronostratigraphy. Age is based primarily on Sr isotope stratigraphy supplemented by biostratigraphy (dinocysts, nannofossils, and planktonic foraminifers); age resolution is approximately ±0.5 Ma for early Miocene sequences and approximately ±1.0 Ma for younger and older sequences. Eocene–lower Miocene sequences are subtle, upper middle to lower upper Miocene sequences are more clearly distinguished, and upper Miocene–Pliocene sequences display a distinct facies pattern within sequences. We recognize two upper Eocene, two Oligocene, nine Miocene, three Pliocene, and one Pleistocene sequence and correlate them with those in New Jersey and Delaware. The upper Eocene through Pleistocene strata at Eyreville record changes from: (1) rapidly deposited, extremely fine-grained Eocene strata that probably represent two sequences deposited in a deep (>200 m) basin; to (2) highly dissected Oligocene (two very thin sequences) to lower Miocene (three thin sequences) with a long hiatus; to (3) a thick, rapidly deposited (43–73 m/Ma), very fine-grained, biosiliceous middle Miocene (16.5–14 Ma) section divided into three sequences (V5–V3) deposited in middle neritic paleoenvironments; to (4) a 4.5-Ma-long hiatus (12.8–8.3 Ma); to (5) sandy, shelly upper Miocene to Pliocene strata (8.3–2.0 Ma) divided into six sequences deposited in shelf and shoreface environments; and, last, to (6) a sandy middle Pleistocene paralic sequence (~400 ka). The Eyreville cores thus record the filling of a deep impact-generated basin where the timing of sequence boundaries is heavily influenced by eustasy.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2009.2458(33)","usgsCitation":"Browning, J.V., Miller, K.G., McLaughlin, P.P., Edwards, L.E., Kulpecz, A.A., Powars, D.S., Wade, B.S., Feigenson, M.D., and Wright, J.D., 2009, Integrated sequence stratigraphy of the postimpact sediments from the Eyreville core holes, Chesapeake Bay impact structure inner basin: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, v. 458, p. 775-810, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.2458(33).","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"775","endPage":"810","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":384362,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.9482421875,\n 36.70365959719456\n ],\n [\n -74.7509765625,\n 36.70365959719456\n ],\n [\n -74.7509765625,\n 38.44498466889473\n ],\n [\n -76.9482421875,\n 38.44498466889473\n ],\n [\n -76.9482421875,\n 36.70365959719456\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"458","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e10ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Browning, James V.","contributorId":22635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Browning","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Kenneth G.","contributorId":14260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McLaughlin, Peter P. Jr.","contributorId":58149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"Peter","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Edwards, Lucy E. 0000-0003-4075-3317 leedward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-3317","contributorId":2647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Lucy","email":"leedward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kulpecz, Andrew A.","contributorId":92117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulpecz","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Powars, David S. 0000-0002-6787-8964 dspowars@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6787-8964","contributorId":1181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powars","given":"David","email":"dspowars@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wade, Bridget S.","contributorId":39653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wade","given":"Bridget","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Feigenson, Mark D.","contributorId":35198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feigenson","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wright, James D.","contributorId":77807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70003506,"text":"70003506 - 2009 - Quaternary science reviews Pacific Basin tsunami hazards associated with mass flows in the Aleutian arc of Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-09T16:34:44.388424","indexId":"70003506","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quaternary science reviews Pacific Basin tsunami hazards associated with mass flows in the Aleutian arc of Alaska","docAbstract":"We analyze mass-flow tsunami generation for selected areas within the Aleutian arc of Alaska using results from numerical simulation of hypothetical but plausible mass-flow sources such as submarine landslides and volcanic debris avalanches. The Aleutian arc consists of a chain of volcanic mountains, volcanic islands, and submarine canyons, surrounded by a low-relief continental shelf above about 1000–2000 m water depth. Parts of the arc are fragmented into a series of fault-bounded blocks, tens to hundreds of kilometers in length, and separated from one another by distinctive fault-controlled canyons that are roughly normal to the arc axis. The canyons are natural regions for the accumulation and conveyance of sediment derived from glacial and volcanic processes. The volcanic islands in the region include a number of historically active volcanoes and some possess geological evidence for large-scale sector collapse into the sea. Large scale mass-flow deposits have not been mapped on the seafloor south of the Aleutian Islands, in part because most of the area has never been examined at the resolution required to identify such features, and in part because of the complex nature of erosional and depositional processes. Extensive submarine landslide deposits and debris flows are known on the north side of the arc and are common in similar settings elsewhere and thus they likely exist on the trench slope south of the Aleutian Islands. Because the Aleutian arc is surrounded by deep, open ocean, mass flows of unconsolidated debris that originate either as submarine landslides or as volcanic debris avalanches entering the sea may be potential tsunami sources.
To test this hypothesis we present a series of numerical simulations of submarine mass-flow initiated tsunamis from eight different source areas. We consider four submarine mass flows originating in submarine canyons and four flows that evolve from submarine landslides on the trench slope. The flows have lengths that range from 40 to 80 km, maximum thicknesses of 400–800 m, and maximum widths of 10–40 km. We also evaluate tsunami generation by volcanic debris avalanches associated with flank collapse, at four locations (Makushin, Cleveland, Seguam and Yunaska SW volcanoes), which represent large to moderate sized events in this region. We calculate tsunami sources using the numerical model TOPICS and simulate wave propagation across the Pacific using a spherical Boussinesq model, which is a modified version of the public domain code FUNWAVE. Our numerical simulations indicate that geologically plausible mass flows originating in the North Pacific near the Aleutian Islands can indeed generate large local tsunamis as well as large transoceanic tsunamis. These waves may be several meters in elevation at distal locations, such as Japan, Hawaii, and along the North and South American coastlines where they would constitute significant hazards.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.02.019","usgsCitation":"Waythomas, C.F., Watts, P., Shi, F., and Kirby, J.T., 2009, Quaternary science reviews Pacific Basin tsunami hazards associated with mass flows in the Aleutian arc of Alaska: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 28, no. 11-12, p. 1006-1019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.02.019.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1006","endPage":"1019","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":384249,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Aleutian Arc","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -194.0625,\n 48.28319289548349\n ],\n [\n -142.3828125,\n 48.28319289548349\n ],\n [\n -142.3828125,\n 60.973107109199404\n ],\n [\n -194.0625,\n 60.973107109199404\n ],\n [\n -194.0625,\n 48.28319289548349\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"11-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689d9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waythomas, Christopher F. 0000-0002-3898-272X cwaythomas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3898-272X","contributorId":640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waythomas","given":"Christopher","email":"cwaythomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watts, Philip","contributorId":23268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watts","given":"Philip","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shi, Fengyan","contributorId":72519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shi","given":"Fengyan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kirby, James T.","contributorId":22895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70003876,"text":"70003876 - 2009 - Migration of whooper swans and outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus in Eastern Asia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-23T14:02:01","indexId":"70003876","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Migration of whooper swans and outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus in Eastern Asia","docAbstract":"Evaluating the potential involvement of wild avifauna in the emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 (hereafter H5N1) requires detailed analyses of temporal and spatial relationships between wild bird movements and disease emergence. The death of wild swans (Cygnus spp.) has been the first indicator of the presence of H5N1 in various Asian and European countries; however their role in the geographic spread of the disease remains poorly understood. We marked 10 whooper swans (Cygnus cygnus) with GPS transmitters in northeastern Mongolia during autumn 2006 and tracked their migratory movements in relation to H5N1 outbreaks. The prevalence of H5N1 outbreaks among poultry in eastern Asia during 2003-2007 peaked during winter, concurrent with whooper swan movements into regions of high poultry density. However outbreaks involving poultry were detected year round, indicating disease perpetuation independent of migratory waterbird presence. In contrast, H5N1 outbreaks involving whooper swans, as well as other migratory waterbirds that succumbed to the disease in eastern Asia, tended to occur during seasons (late spring and summer) and in habitats (areas of natural vegetation) where their potential for contact with poultry is very low to nonexistent. Given what is known about the susceptibility of swans to H5N1, and on the basis of the chronology and rates of whooper swan migration movements, we conclude that although there is broad spatial overlap between whooper swan distributions and H5N1 outbreak locations in eastern Asia, the likelihood of direct transmission between these groups is extremely low. Thus, our data support the hypothesis that swans are best viewed as sentinel species, and moreover, that in eastern Asia, it is most likely that their infections occurred through contact with asymptomatic migratory hosts (e.g., wild ducks) at or near their breeding grounds.","language":"English","publisher":"PLoS","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0005729","usgsCitation":"Newman, S.H., Iverson, S.A., Takekawa, J.Y., Gilbert, M., Prosser, D.J., Batbayar, N., Natsagdorj, T., and Douglas, D.C., 2009, Migration of whooper swans and outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus in Eastern Asia: PLoS ONE, v. 4, no. 5, p. 1-11, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0005729.","productDescription":"11 p.; e5729","startPage":"1","endPage":"11","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475991,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0005729","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204044,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Asia","volume":"4","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-05-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db63553b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Newman, Scott H.","contributorId":101372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newman","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Iverson, Samuel A.","contributorId":52308,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Iverson","given":"Samuel","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":349254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":349249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gilbert, Martin","contributorId":93179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilbert","given":"Martin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Prosser, Diann J. 0000-0002-5251-1799 dprosser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5251-1799","contributorId":2389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prosser","given":"Diann","email":"dprosser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Batbayar, Nyambyar","contributorId":29558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batbayar","given":"Nyambyar","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Natsagdorj, Tseveenmyadag","contributorId":28729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Natsagdorj","given":"Tseveenmyadag","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":2388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70003520,"text":"70003520 - 2009 - High-resolution sclerochronological analysis of the bivalve mollusk Saxidomus gigantea from Alaska and British Columbia: techniques for revealing environmental archives and archaeological seasonality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:52","indexId":"70003520","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2182,"text":"Journal of Archaeological Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-resolution sclerochronological analysis of the bivalve mollusk Saxidomus gigantea from Alaska and British Columbia: techniques for revealing environmental archives and archaeological seasonality","docAbstract":"The butter clam, Saxidomus gigantea, is one of the most commonly recovered bivalves from archaeological shell middens on the Pacific Coast of North America. This study presents the results of the sclerochronology of modern specimens of S. gigantea, collected monthly from Pender Island (British Columbia), and additional modern specimens from the Dundas Islands (BC) and Mink and Little Takli Islands (Alaska). The methods presented can be used as a template to interpret local environmental conditions and increase the precision of seasonality estimates in shellfish using sclerochronology and oxygen isotope analysis. This method can also identify, with a high degree of accuracy, the date of shell collection to the nearest fortnightly cycle, the time of day the shell was collected and the approximate tidal elevation (i.e., approx. water depth and distance from the shoreline) from which the shell was collected.\n\nLife-history traits of S. gigantea were analyzed to understand the timing of growth line formation, the duration of the growing season, the growth rate, and the reliability of annual increments. We also examine the influence of the tidal regime and freshwater mixing in estuarine locations and how these variables can affect both incremental structures and oxygen isotope values. The results of the sclerochronological analysis show that there is a latitudinal trend in shell growth that needs to be considered when using shells for seasonality studies.\n\nOxygen isotope analysis reveals clear annual cycles with the most positive values corresponding to the annual winter growth lines, and the most negative values corresponding to high temperatures during the summer. Intra-annual increment widths demonstrate clear seasonal oscillations with broadest increments in summer and very narrow increments or no growth during the winter months. This study provides new insights into the biology, geochemistry and seasonal growth of S. gigantea, which are crucial for paleoclimate reconstructions and interpreting seasonality patterns of past human collection.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Archaeological Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","usgsCitation":"Hallman, N., Burchell, M., Schone, B.R., Irvine, G.V., and Maxwell, D., 2009, High-resolution sclerochronological analysis of the bivalve mollusk Saxidomus gigantea from Alaska and British Columbia: techniques for revealing environmental archives and archaeological seasonality: Journal of Archaeological Science, v. 36, no. 10, p. 2353-2364.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"2353","endPage":"2364","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":24513,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305440309002192","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":204050,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States;Canada","state":"Alaska;British Columbia","volume":"36","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db68885a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hallman, Nadine","contributorId":32662,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hallman","given":"Nadine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burchell, Meghan","contributorId":15331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burchell","given":"Meghan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schone, Bernd R.","contributorId":58010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schone","given":"Bernd","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Irvine, Gail V. girvine@usgs.gov","contributorId":2368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irvine","given":"Gail","email":"girvine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Maxwell, David","contributorId":85711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maxwell","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70003917,"text":"70003917 - 2009 - Geographic variation in Bar-headed geese Anser indicus: connectivity of wintering and breeding grounds across a broad front","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-23T09:21:10","indexId":"70003917","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3764,"text":"Wildfowl","onlineIssn":"2052-6458","printIssn":"0954-6324","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geographic variation in Bar-headed geese Anser indicus: connectivity of wintering and breeding grounds across a broad front","docAbstract":"The connectivity and frequency of exchange between sub-populations of migratory birds is integral to understanding population dynamics over the entire species' range. True geese are highly philopatric and acquire lifetime mates during the winter, suggesting that the number of distinct sub-populations may be related to the number of distinct wintering areas. In the Bar-headed Goose Anser indicus, a species found exclusively in Central Asia, the connectivity between breeding and wintering areas is not well known. Their migration includes crossing a broad front of the Himalaya Cordillera, a significant barrier to migration for most birds. Many Bar-headed Geese fly to breeding areas on the Tibetan-Qinghai Plateau (TQP), the highest plateau in the world. From 2005-2008, 60 Bar-headed Geese were captured and marked with satellite transmitters in Nepal (n = 2), India (n = 6), China (n = 29), and Mongolia (n = 23) to examine their migration and distribution. Distinct differences were observed in their migration corridors and timing of movements, including an apparent leap-frog migration pattern for geese from Mongolia. Measurements of geese from Mongolia were larger than their counterparts from China, providing some evidence of morphological differences. Alteration of habitats in China, including the warming effects of climate change on glaciers increasing runoff to TQP wetlands, may be changing goose migration patterns and timing. With the exception of one individual, all geese from Qinghai Lake, China wintered in the southern TQP near Lhasa, and their increasing numbers in that region may be related to the effects of climate change and agricultural development. Thus, our findings document both morphological and geographical variation in sub-populations of Bar-headed Geese, but their resilience to environmental change may be lost if migratory short-stopping results in larger congregations restricted to a smaller number of wintering areas.","language":"English","publisher":"Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust","publisherLocation":"Slimbridge, Gloucestershire","usgsCitation":"Takekawa, J.Y., Heath, S.R., Douglas, D.C., Perry, W.M., Javed, S., Newman, S.H., Suwal, R.N., Rahman, A.R., Choudhury, B.C., Prosser, D.J., Yan, B., Hou, Y., Batbayar, N., Natsagdorj, T., Bishop, C.M., Butler, P.J., Frappell, P.B., Milsom, W.K., Scott, G.R., Hawkes, L.A., and Wikelski, M., 2009, Geographic variation in Bar-headed geese Anser indicus: connectivity of wintering and breeding grounds across a broad front: Wildfowl, v. 59, p. 100-123.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"100","endPage":"123","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204066,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 70,15 ], [ 70,50 ], [ 110,50 ], [ 110,15 ], [ 70,15 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"59","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a9044","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":349472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heath, Shane R.","contributorId":48688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heath","given":"Shane","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":2388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Perry, William M. 0000-0002-6180-8180 wmperry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6180-8180","contributorId":5124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"William","email":"wmperry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Javed, Sàlim","contributorId":13733,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Javed","given":"Sàlim","affiliations":[{"id":34107,"text":"Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":349477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Newman, Scott H.","contributorId":101372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newman","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Suwal, Rajendra N.","contributorId":77287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suwal","given":"Rajendra","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rahman, Asad R.","contributorId":88075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rahman","given":"Asad","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Choudhury, Binod C.","contributorId":41957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choudhury","given":"Binod","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Prosser, Diann J. 0000-0002-5251-1799 dprosser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5251-1799","contributorId":2389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prosser","given":"Diann","email":"dprosser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Yan, Baoping","contributorId":76871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yan","given":"Baoping","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Hou, Yuansheng","contributorId":80400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hou","given":"Yuansheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Batbayar, Nyambayar","contributorId":40338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batbayar","given":"Nyambayar","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Natsagdorj, Tseveenmayadag","contributorId":91981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Natsagdorj","given":"Tseveenmayadag","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Bishop, Charles M.","contributorId":98867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bishop","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Butler, Patrick J.","contributorId":103782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Frappell, Peter B.","contributorId":10915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frappell","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Milsom, William K.","contributorId":47900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milsom","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Scott, Graham R.","contributorId":48689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Graham","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Hawkes, Lucy A.","contributorId":58761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawkes","given":"Lucy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Wikelski, Martin","contributorId":76451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wikelski","given":"Martin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21}]}} ,{"id":70003688,"text":"70003688 - 2009 - Differential escape from parasites by two competing introduced crabs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-19T08:06:35","indexId":"70003688","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differential escape from parasites by two competing introduced crabs","docAbstract":"Although introduced species often interact with one another in their novel communities, the role of parasites in these interactions remains less clear. We examined parasite richness and prevalence in 2 shorecrab species with different invasion histories and residency times in an introduced region where their distributions overlap broadly. On the northeastern coast of the USA, the Asian shorecrab Hemigrapsus sanguineus was discovered 20 yr ago, while the European green crab Carcinus maenas has been established for over 200 yr. We used literature and field surveys to evaluate parasitism in both crabs in their native and introduced ranges. We found only 1 parasite species infecting H. sanguineus on the US East Coast compared to 6 species in its native range, while C. maenas was host to 3 parasite species on the East Coast compared to 10 in its native range. The prevalence of parasite infection was also lower for both crabs in the introduced range compared to their native ranges; however, the difference was almost twice as much for H. sanguineus as for C. maenas. There are several explanations that could contribute to C. maenas' greater parasite diversity than that of H. sanguineus on the US East Coast, including differences in susceptibility, time since introduction, manner of introduction (vector), distance from native range, taxonomic isolation, and the potential for parasite identification bias. Our study underscores not just that non-native species lose parasites upon introduction, but that they may do so differentially, with ramifications for their direct interactions and with potential community-level influences.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","publisherLocation":"Oldendorf/Luhe, Germany","doi":"10.3354/meps08225","usgsCitation":"Blakeslee, A.M., Keogh, C.L., Byers, J.E., Kuris, A.M., Lafferty, K.D., and Torchin, M.E., 2009, Differential escape from parasites by two competing introduced crabs: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 393, p. 83-96, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps08225.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"96","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476001,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps08225","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204101,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":265990,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps08225"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Europe;Northeastern Coast Of United States","volume":"393","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d701","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blakeslee, April M.","contributorId":70101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakeslee","given":"April","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keogh, Carolyn L.","contributorId":51007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keogh","given":"Carolyn","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Byers, James E.","contributorId":31892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byers","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kuris, Armand M.","contributorId":54332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuris","given":"Armand","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lafferty, Kevin D. 0000-0001-7583-4593 klafferty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7583-4593","contributorId":1415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lafferty","given":"Kevin","email":"klafferty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Torchin, Mark E.","contributorId":25685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torchin","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70003539,"text":"70003539 - 2009 - An improved procedure for detection and enumeration of walrus signatures in airborne thermal imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-24T13:54:49","indexId":"70003539","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2027,"text":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An improved procedure for detection and enumeration of walrus signatures in airborne thermal imagery","docAbstract":"In recent years, application of remote sensing to marine mammal surveys has been a promising area of investigation for wildlife managers and researchers. In April 2006, the United States and Russia conducted an aerial survey of Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) using thermal infrared sensors to detect groups of animals resting on pack ice in the Bering Sea. The goal of this survey was to estimate the size of the Pacific walrus population. An initial analysis of the U.S. data using previously-established methods resulted in lower detectability of walrus groups in the imagery and higher variability in calibration models than was expected based on pilot studies. This paper describes an improved procedure for detection and enumeration of walrus groups in airborne thermal imagery. Thermal images were first subdivided into smaller 200 x 200 pixel \"tiles.\" We calculated three statistics to represent characteristics of walrus signatures from the temperature histogram for each the. Tiles that exhibited one or more of these characteristics were examined further to determine if walrus signatures were present. We used cluster analysis on tiles that contained walrus signatures to determine which pixels belonged to each group. We then calculated a thermal index value for each walrus group in the imagery and used generalized linear models to estimate detection functions (the probability of a group having a positive index value) and calibration functions (the size of a group as a function of its index value) based on counts from matched digital aerial photographs. The new method described here improved our ability to detect walrus groups at both 2 m and 4 m spatial resolution. In addition, the resulting calibration models have lower variance than the original method. We anticipate that the use of this new procedure will greatly improve the quality of the population estimate derived from these data. This procedure may also have broader applicability to thermal infrared surveys of other wildlife species. Published by Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science BV","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.jag.2009.05.004","usgsCitation":"Burn, D.M., Udevitz, M.S., Speckman, S., and Benter, R.B., 2009, An improved procedure for detection and enumeration of walrus signatures in airborne thermal imagery: International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, v. 11, no. 5, p. 324-333, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2009.05.004.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"324","endPage":"333","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204037,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269904,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2009.05.004"}],"volume":"11","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db684869","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burn, Douglas M.","contributorId":62081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burn","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Udevitz, Mark S. 0000-0003-4659-138X mudevitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4659-138X","contributorId":3189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Udevitz","given":"Mark","email":"mudevitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Speckman, Suzann G.","contributorId":88217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Speckman","given":"Suzann G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Benter, R. Bradley","contributorId":23388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benter","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Bradley","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70003640,"text":"70003640 - 2009 - Determining Titan surface topography from Cassini SAR data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-05T09:57:16","indexId":"70003640","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determining Titan surface topography from Cassini SAR data","docAbstract":"A technique, referred to as SARTopo, has been developed for obtaining surface height estimates with 10 km horizontal resolution and 75 m vertical resolution of the surface of Titan along each Cassini Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) swath. We describe the technique and present maps of the co-located data sets. A global map and regional maps of Xanadu and the northern hemisphere hydrocarbon lakes district are included in the results. A strength of the technique is that it provides topographic information co-located with SAR imagery. Having a topographic context vastly improves the interpretability of the SAR imagery and is essential for understanding Titan. SARTopo is capable of estimating surface heights for most of the SAR-imaged surface of Titan. Currently nearly 30% of the surface is within 100 km of a SARTopo height profile. Other competing techniques provide orders of magnitude less coverage. We validate the SARTopo technique through comparison with known geomorphological features such as mountain ranges and craters, and by comparison with co-located nadir altimetry, including a 3000 km strip that had been observed by SAR a month earlier. In this area, the SARTopo and nadir altimetry data sets are co-located tightly (within 5-10 km for one 500 km section), have similar resolution, and as expected agree closely in surface height. Furthermore the region contains prominent high spatial resolution topography, so it provides an excellent test of the resolution and precision of both techniques.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Atlanta, GA","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2009.03.032","usgsCitation":"Stiles, B.W., Hensley, S., Gim, Y., Bates, D.M., Kirk, R.L., Hayes, A., Radebaugh, J., Lorenz, R.D., Mitchell, K.L., Callahan, P.S., Zebker, H., Johnson, W.T., Wall, S.D., Lunine, J.I., Wood, C.A., Janssen, M., Pelletier, F., West, R.D., and Veeramacheneni, C., 2009, Determining Titan surface topography from Cassini SAR data: Icarus, v. 202, no. 2, p. 584-598, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2009.03.032.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"584","endPage":"598","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203985,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"202","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667422","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stiles, Bryan W.","contributorId":68871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stiles","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hensley, Scott","contributorId":85313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hensley","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gim, Yonggyu","contributorId":83252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gim","given":"Yonggyu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bates, David M.","contributorId":39505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bates","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kirk, Randolph L. 0000-0003-0842-9226 rkirk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-9226","contributorId":2765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"Randolph","email":"rkirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hayes, Alex","contributorId":86090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Alex","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Radebaugh, Jani","contributorId":101792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Radebaugh","given":"Jani","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lorenz, Ralph D.","contributorId":56360,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lorenz","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Mitchell, Karl L.","contributorId":64785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"Karl","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Callahan, Philip S.","contributorId":69285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Callahan","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Zebker, Howard","contributorId":88072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zebker","given":"Howard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Johnson, William T.K.","contributorId":35446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"T.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Wall, Stephen D.","contributorId":7825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wall","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Lunine, Jonathan I.","contributorId":82447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lunine","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Wood, Charles A.","contributorId":27599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Janssen, Michael","contributorId":37882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janssen","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Pelletier, Frederic","contributorId":82046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pelletier","given":"Frederic","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"West, Richard D.","contributorId":29120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"West","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Veeramacheneni, Chandini","contributorId":20459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veeramacheneni","given":"Chandini","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19}]}} ,{"id":70003620,"text":"70003620 - 2009 - Consumer-resource theory predicts dynamic transitions between outcomes of interspecific interactions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:08","indexId":"70003620","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1466,"text":"Ecology Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Consumer-resource theory predicts dynamic transitions between outcomes of interspecific interactions","docAbstract":"Interactions between two populations are often defined by their interaction outcomes; that is, the positive, neutral, or negative effects of species on one another. Yet, signs of outcomes are not absolute, but vary with the biotic and abiotic contexts of interactions. Here, we develop a general theory for transitions between outcomes based on consumer-resource (C-R) interactions in which one or both species exploit the other as a resource. Simple models of C-R interactions revealed multiple equilibria, including one for species coexistence and others for extinction of one or both species, indicating that species densities alone could determine the fate of interactions. All possible outcomes (+ +), (+ -), (- -), (+ 0), (- 0), (0 0) of species coexistence emerged merely through changes in parameter values of C-R interactions, indicating that variation in C-R interactions resulting from biotic and abiotic conditions could determine shifts in outcomes. These results suggest that C-R interactions can provide a broad mechanism for understanding context- and density-dependent transitions between interaction outcomes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","usgsCitation":"Holland, J.N., and DeAngelis, D., 2009, Consumer-resource theory predicts dynamic transitions between outcomes of interspecific interactions: Ecology Letters, v. 12, no. 12, p. 1357-1366.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1357","endPage":"1366","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203870,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":21949,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01390.x/abstract","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"12","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a2dd7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holland, J. Nathaniel","contributorId":49912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holland","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Nathaniel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":88015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70003428,"text":"70003428 - 2009 - Impacts of forest fragmentation on species richness: A hierarchical approach to community modelling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-04T12:51:38.836744","indexId":"70003428","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2163,"text":"Journal of Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impacts of forest fragmentation on species richness: A hierarchical approach to community modelling","docAbstract":"1. Species richness is often used as a tool for prioritizing conservation action. One method for predicting richness and other summaries of community structure is to develop species-specific models of occurrence probability based on habitat or landscape characteristics. However, this approach can be challenging for rare or elusive species for which survey data are often sparse.\r\n\r\n 2. Recent developments have allowed for improved inference about community structure based on species-specific models of occurrence probability, integrated within a hierarchical modelling framework. This framework offers advantages to inference about species richness over typical approaches by accounting for both species-level effects and the aggregated effects of landscape composition on a community as a whole, thus leading to increased precision in estimates of species richness by improving occupancy estimates for all species, including those that were observed infrequently.\r\n\r\n 3. We developed a hierarchical model to assess the community response of breeding birds in the Hudson River Valley, New York, to habitat fragmentation and analysed the model using a Bayesian approach.\r\n\r\n 4. The model was designed to estimate species-specific occurrence and the effects of fragment area and edge (as measured through the perimeter and the perimeter/area ratio, P/A), while accounting for imperfect detection of species.\r\n\r\n 5. We used the fitted model to make predictions of species richness within forest fragments of variable morphology. The model revealed that species richness of the observed bird community was maximized in small forest fragments with a high P/A. However, the number of forest interior species, a subset of the community with high conservation value, was maximized in large fragments with low P/A.\r\n\r\n 6. Synthesis and applications. Our results demonstrate the importance of understanding the responses of both individual, and groups of species, to environmental heterogeneity while illustrating the utility of hierarchical models for inference about species richness for conservation. This framework can be used to investigate the impacts of land-use change and fragmentation on species or assemblage richness, and to further understand trade-offs in species-specific occupancy probabilities associated with landscape variability.","language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01664.x","usgsCitation":"Zipkin, E., DeWan, A., and Royle, J., 2009, Impacts of forest fragmentation on species richness: A hierarchical approach to community modelling: Journal of Applied Ecology, v. 46, no. 4, p. 815-822, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01664.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"815","endPage":"822","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476002,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01664.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":383722,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Hudson River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.8720703125,\n 40.74725696280421\n ],\n [\n -73.80615234375,\n 41.244772343082076\n ],\n [\n -73.8720703125,\n 41.672911819602085\n ],\n [\n -73.751220703125,\n 42.049292638686836\n ],\n [\n -73.685302734375,\n 42.593532625649935\n ],\n [\n -73.641357421875,\n 42.924251753870685\n ],\n [\n -73.8720703125,\n 42.79540065303723\n ],\n [\n -73.970947265625,\n 42.23665188032057\n ],\n [\n -74.058837890625,\n 41.75492216766298\n ],\n [\n -74.058837890625,\n 41.269549502842565\n ],\n [\n -74.058837890625,\n 40.863679665481676\n ],\n [\n -73.8720703125,\n 40.74725696280421\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"46","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db6833f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zipkin, Elise F.","contributorId":70528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zipkin","given":"Elise F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeWan, Amielle","contributorId":87036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWan","given":"Amielle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":80808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70003413,"text":"70003413 - 2009 - A cautionary note on substituting spatial subunits for repeated temporal sampling in studies of site occupancy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:52","indexId":"70003413","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-07T12:43:19","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2163,"text":"Journal of Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A cautionary note on substituting spatial subunits for repeated temporal sampling in studies of site occupancy","docAbstract":"1. Assessing the probability that a given site is occupied by a species of interest is important to resource managers, as well as metapopulation or landscape ecologists. Managers require accurate estimates of the state of the system, in order to make informed decisions. Models that yield estimates of occupancy, while accounting for imperfect detection, have proven useful by removing a potentially important source of bias. To account for detection probability, multiple independent searches per site for the species are required, under the assumption that the species is available for detection during each search of an occupied site. 2. We demonstrate that when multiple samples per site are defined by searching different locations within a site, absence of the species from a subset of these spatial subunits induces estimation bias when locations are exhaustively assessed or sampled without replacement. 3. We further demonstrate that this bias can be removed by choosing sampling locations with replacement, or if the species is highly mobile over a short period of time. 4. Resampling an existing data set does not mitigate bias due to exhaustive assessment of locations or sampling without replacement. 5. Synthesis and applications. Selecting sampling locations for presence/absence surveys with replacement is practical in most cases. Such an adjustment to field methods will prevent one source of bias, and therefore produce more robust statistical inferences about species occupancy. This will in turn permit managers to make resource decisions based on better knowledge of the state of the system.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell Publishing","publisherLocation":"Malden, MA","usgsCitation":"Kendall, W.L., and White, G.C., 2009, A cautionary note on substituting spatial subunits for repeated temporal sampling in studies of site occupancy: Journal of Applied Ecology, v. 46, no. 6, p. 1182-1188.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1182","endPage":"1188","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203850,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":21685,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":1,"text":"Abstract"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01732.x/abstract","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","volume":"46","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b110e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kendall, William L. wkendall@usgs.gov","contributorId":406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"William","email":"wkendall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":347212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, Gary C.","contributorId":66831,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":347213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5224969,"text":"5224969 - 2009 - Species richness and occupancy estimation in communities subject to temporary emigration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-07T12:59:30","indexId":"5224969","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:37","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Species richness and occupancy estimation in communities subject to temporary emigration","docAbstract":"Species richness is the most common biodiversity metric, although typically some species remain unobserved. Therefore, estimates of species richness and related quantities should account for imperfect detectability. Community dynamics can often be represented as superposition of species-specific phenologies (e. g., in taxa with well-defined flight [insects], activity [rodents], or vegetation periods [plants]). We develop a model for such predictably open communities wherein species richness is expressed as the sum over observed and unobserved species of estimated species-specific and site-specific occurrence indicators and where seasonal occurrence is modeled as a species-specific function of time. Our model is a multispecies extension of a multistate model with one unobservable state and represents a parsimonious way of dealing with a widespread form of 'temporary emigration.'' For illustration we use Swiss butterfly monitoring data collected under a robust design (RD); species were recorded on 13 transects during two secondary periods within <= 7 primary sampling periods. We compare estimates with those under a variation of the model applied to standard data, where secondary samples are pooled. The latter model yielded unrealistically high estimates of total community size of 274 species. In contrast, estimates were similar under models applied to RD data with constant (122) or seasonally varying (126) detectability for each species, but the former was more parsimonious and therefore used for inference. Per transect, 6 44 (mean 21.1) species were detected. Species richness estimates averaged 29.3; therefore only 71% (range 32-92%) of all species present were ever detected. In any primary period, 0.4-5.6 species present were overlooked. Detectability varied by species and averaged 0.88 per primary sampling period. Our modeling framework is extremely flexible; extensions such as covariates for the occurrence or detectability of individual species are easy. It should be useful for communities with a predictable form of temporary emigration where rigorous estimation of community metrics has proved challenging so far.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/07-1794.1","usgsCitation":"Kery, M., Royle, J., Plattner, M., and Dorazio, R., 2009, Species richness and occupancy estimation in communities subject to temporary emigration: Ecology, v. 90, no. 5, p. 1279-1290, https://doi.org/10.1890/07-1794.1.","productDescription":"1279-1290","startPage":"1279","endPage":"1290","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476005,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/07-1794.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":201531,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4bcd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kery, M.","contributorId":46637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kery","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":96221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Plattner, M.","contributorId":76045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plattner","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dorazio, R.M. 0000-0003-2663-0468","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-0468","contributorId":23475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorazio","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5224954,"text":"5224954 - 2009 - Effect of distance-related heterogeneity on population size estimates from point counts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-07T14:21:01","indexId":"5224954","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:36","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of distance-related heterogeneity on population size estimates from point counts","docAbstract":"Point counts are used widely to index bird populations. Variation in the proportion of birds counted is a known source of error, and for robust inference it has been advocated that counts be converted to estimates of absolute population size. We used simulation to assess nine methods for the conduct and analysis of point counts when the data included distance-related heterogeneity of individual detection probability. Distance from the observer is a ubiquitous source of heterogeneity, because nearby birds are more easily detected than distant ones. Several recent methods (dependent double-observer, time of first detection, time of detection, independent multiple-observer, and repeated counts) do not account for distance-related heterogeneity, at least in their simpler forms. We assessed bias in estimates of population size by simulating counts with fixed radius w over four time intervals (occasions). Detection probability per occasion was modeled as a half-normal function of distance with scale parameter sigma and intercept g(0) = 1.0. Bias varied with sigma/w; values of sigma inferred from published studies were often <25 m, which suggests a bias of >50% for a 100-m fixed-radius count. More critically, the bias of adjusted counts sometimes varied more than that of unadjusted counts, and inference from adjusted counts would be less robust. The problem was not solved by using mixture models or including distance as a covariate. Conventional distance sampling performed well in simulations, but its assumptions are difficult to meet in the field. We conclude that no existing method allows effective estimation of population size from point counts.","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1525/auk.2009.07197","usgsCitation":"Efford, M.G., and Dawson, D.K., 2009, Effect of distance-related heterogeneity on population size estimates from point counts: The Auk, v. 126, no. 1, p. 100-111, https://doi.org/10.1525/auk.2009.07197.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"100","endPage":"111","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476007,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/auk.2009.07197","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":202124,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"126","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db6257c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Efford, Murray G.","contributorId":91616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Efford","given":"Murray","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dawson, Deanna K. ddawson@usgs.gov","contributorId":1257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"Deanna","email":"ddawson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":343273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5224937,"text":"5224937 - 2009 - Multistate models for estimation of survival and reproduction in the Grey-headed Albatross (Thalassarche chrysostoma)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-07T14:24:20","indexId":"5224937","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:36","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multistate models for estimation of survival and reproduction in the Grey-headed Albatross (Thalassarche chrysostoma)","docAbstract":"Reliable information on demography is necessary for conservation of albatrosses, the most threatened family of pelagic birds. Albatross survival has been estimated using mark-recapture data and the Cormack-Jolly-Seber (CJS) model. However, albatross exhibit skipped breeding, violating assumptions of the CJS model. Multistate modeling integrating unobservable states is a promising tool for such situations. We applied multistate models to data on Grey-headed Albatross (Talassarche chrysostoma) to evaluate model performance and describe demographic patterns. These included a multistate equivalent of the CJS model (MS-2), including successful and failed breeding states and ignoring temporary emigration, and three versions of a four-state multistate model that accounts for temporary emigration by integrating unobservable states: a model (MS-4) with one sample per breeding season, a robust design model (RDMS-4) with multiple samples per season and geographic closure within the season, and an open robust design model (ORDMS-4) with multiple samples per season and staggered entry and exit of animals within the season. Survival estimates from the MS-2 model were higher than those from the MS-4 model, which resulted in apparent percent relative bias averaging 2.2%. The ORDMS-4 model was more appropriate than the RDMS-4 model, given that staggered entry and exit occurred. Annual survival probability for Greyheaded Albatross at Marion Island was 0.951 ± 0.006 (SE), and the probability of skipped breeding in a subsequent year averaged 0.938 for successful and 0.163 for failed breeders. We recommend that multistate models with unobservable states, combined with robust-design sampling, be used in studies of species that exhibit temporary emigration.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1525/auk.2009.07189","usgsCitation":"Converse, S.J., Kendall, W.L., Doherty, P.F., and Ryan, P.G., 2009, Multistate models for estimation of survival and reproduction in the Grey-headed Albatross (Thalassarche chrysostoma): The Auk, v. 126, no. 1, p. 77-88, https://doi.org/10.1525/auk.2009.07189.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"77","endPage":"88","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487123,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/auk.2009.07189","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":202188,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"126","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b48d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Converse, Sarah J. 0000-0002-3719-5441 sconverse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3719-5441","contributorId":3513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"Sarah","email":"sconverse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":343213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kendall, William L. wkendall@usgs.gov","contributorId":406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"William","email":"wkendall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":343212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Doherty, Paul F. Jr.","contributorId":37636,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doherty","given":"Paul","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":343214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ryan, Peter G. 0000-0002-3356-2056","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3356-2056","contributorId":149037,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ryan","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}