{"pageNumber":"2101","pageRowStart":"52500","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184689,"records":[{"id":70034446,"text":"70034446 - 2009 - Carbon cycling under 300 years of land use change: importance of the secondary vegetation sink","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-07T10:58:59","indexId":"70034446","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1836,"text":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon cycling under 300 years of land use change: importance of the secondary vegetation sink","docAbstract":"We have developed a dynamic land model (LM3V) able to simulate ecosystem dynamics and exchanges of water, energy, and CO<sub>2</sub> between land and atmosphere. LM3V is specifically designed to address the consequences of land use and land management changes including cropland and pasture dynamics, shifting cultivation, logging, fire, and resulting patterns of secondary regrowth. Here we analyze the behavior of LM3V, forced with the output from the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) atmospheric model AM2, observed precipitation data, and four historic scenarios of land use change for 1700-2000. Our analysis suggests a net terrestrial carbon source due to land use activities from 1.1 to 1.3 GtC/a during the 1990s, where the range is due to the difference in the historic cropland distribution. This magnitude is substantially smaller than previous estimates from other models, largely due to our estimates of a secondary vegetation sink of 0.35 to 0.6 GtC/a in the 1990s and decelerating agricultural land clearing since the 1960s. For the 1990s, our estimates for the pastures' carbon flux vary from a source of 0.37 to a sink of 0.15 GtC/a, and for the croplands our model shows a carbon source of 0.6 to 0.9 GtC/a. Our process-based model suggests a smaller net deforestation source than earlier bookkeeping models because it accounts for decelerated net conversion of primary forest to agriculture and for stronger secondary vegetation regrowth in tropical regions. The overall uncertainty is likely to be higher than the range reported here because of uncertainty in the biomass recovery under changing ambient conditions, including atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentration, nutrients availability, and climate. Copyright 2009 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2007GB003176","issn":"08866236","usgsCitation":"Shevliakova, E., Pacala, S.W., Malyshev, S., Hurtt, G.C., Milly, P., Caspersen, J.P., Sentman, L.T., Fisk, J.P., Wirth, C., and Crevoisier, C., 2009, Carbon cycling under 300 years of land use change: importance of the secondary vegetation sink: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 23, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GB003176.","costCenters":[{"id":146,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Eastern Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476206,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007gb003176","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":216804,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007GB003176"},{"id":244696,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f35de4b0c8380cd4b757","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shevliakova, Elena","contributorId":15436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shevliakova","given":"Elena","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pacala, Stephen W.","contributorId":84596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pacala","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Malyshev, Sergey","contributorId":22175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malyshev","given":"Sergey","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hurtt, George C.","contributorId":101916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurtt","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Milly, P. C. D.","contributorId":100489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milly","given":"P. C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Caspersen, John P.","contributorId":104734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caspersen","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sentman, Lori T.","contributorId":38812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sentman","given":"Lori","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fisk, Justin P.","contributorId":56475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisk","given":"Justin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wirth, Christian","contributorId":97350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wirth","given":"Christian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Crevoisier, Cyril","contributorId":85800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crevoisier","given":"Cyril","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70179350,"text":"70179350 - 2009 - Tailrace egress and hydraulic conditions during tests of a top spillway weir (TSW) at John Day Dam, 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-29T12:07:05","indexId":"70179350","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Tailrace egress and hydraulic conditions during tests of a top spillway weir (TSW) at John Day Dam, 2008","docAbstract":"<p>n/a</p>","language":"English ","publisher":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Liedtke, T., Smith, C.D., and Tomka, R., 2009, Tailrace egress and hydraulic conditions during tests of a top spillway weir (TSW) at John Day Dam, 2008.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332630,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"John Day dam ","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.76034545898438,\n              45.741651816445376\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.65185546875,\n              45.77614401215916\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.57083129882814,\n              45.77997516219392\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.47332763671874,\n              45.767522962149876\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.43075561523439,\n              45.731108281529785\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.50491333007811,\n              45.67452261945114\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.77201843261717,\n              45.667325423837376\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.82351684570312,\n              45.663006662228675\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.84068298339844,\n              45.71720694385141\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.76034545898438,\n              45.741651816445376\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58662f14e4b0cd2dabe7c4bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liedtke, T.L.","contributorId":32800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liedtke","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, C. D.","contributorId":29785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tomka, R.G","contributorId":177748,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tomka","given":"R.G","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034097,"text":"70034097 - 2009 - Pseudoloma neurophilia infections in zebrafish Danio rerio: effects of stress on survival, growth, and reproduction.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-18T07:08:40","indexId":"70034097","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1396,"text":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pseudoloma neurophilia infections in zebrafish Danio rerio: effects of stress on survival, growth, and reproduction.","docAbstract":"Pseudoloma neurophilia (Microsporidia) is a common disease of zebrafish Danio rerio, including those used as research models. We conducted a study comprised of 4 separate experiments to determine the effects of husbandry stress on preexisting and experimental P. neurophilia infections and the subsequent effects on survival, infection onset and intensity, fish growth, and reproduction. In fish (AB strain) with preexisting infections, stress or feeding cortisol significantly increased mortality over 7 wk compared to no stress or cortisol treatment. In contrast, no mortality was observed in fish (TL strain) experimentally exposed to P. neurophilia over 10 wk. A third experiment involved experimental exposure of AB fish to P. neurophilia and exposure to crowding and handling stressors. No mortality was associated with P. neurophilia regardless of stress treatment over a period of 20 wk. However, the onset of infection occurred sooner in stress-treated fish. Stress significantly increased the mean intensity of infection (described as xenoma area/spinal cord area in histological sections) at Week 20 post-exposure (PE). In fish with preexisting infections, myositis was significantly greater in stressed and cortisol-treated fish than those not stressed. With experimental exposure of AB fish, stressed and infected groups weighed significantly less than the control group at Week 20 PE. Regarding fecundity, the number of larvae hatched at 5 d post fertilization was negatively associated with mean infection intensity among P. neurophilia-infected and stressed AB fish. These experiments are the first to show empirically that P. neurophilia can be associated with reduced weight and fecundity, and that stress can exacerbate the severity of the infection.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3354/dao02145","issn":"01775103","usgsCitation":"Ramsay, J., Watral, V.G., Schreck, C., and Kent, M., 2009, Pseudoloma neurophilia infections in zebrafish Danio rerio: effects of stress on survival, growth, and reproduction.: Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v. 88, no. 1, p. 69-84, https://doi.org/10.3354/dao02145.","startPage":"69","endPage":"84","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476398,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/dao02145","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":265855,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao02145"},{"id":244707,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8fc3e4b0c8380cd7f950","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ramsay, J.M.","contributorId":28099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsay","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watral, Virginia G.","contributorId":55240,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Watral","given":"Virginia","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schreck, C.B.","contributorId":11977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreck","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kent, M.L.","contributorId":108058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kent","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034187,"text":"70034187 - 2009 - Differential phytosociological interactions involving male and female atriplex bonnevillensis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:46","indexId":"70034187","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differential phytosociological interactions involving male and female atriplex bonnevillensis","docAbstract":"Wind-pollinated dioecious plants often exhibit spatial segregation of the sexes. This partial niche separation has most often been explored using abiotic niche axes. However, if the sexes are truly separated in space, then they are apt to encounter different plant species that may heavily affect growth and reproduction. Also, to the extent that their niches differ, the sexes may respond differently to the same co-occurring species. Here we examine interspecific interactions that influence male and female reproductive potential in Atriplex bonnevillensis. Using Emlen's interaction assessment, a technique which assesses species interactions based on cover classes, we show that Salsola species compete significantly with females but not males, while Halogeton glomeratus competes with males but not females. The effect of competition only became apparent when we corrected for site-specific fertility. These results imply that differential competition must be considered when studying dioecious plants that display spatial segregation of the sexes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Western North American Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3398/064.069.0407","issn":"15270904","usgsCitation":"Sinclair, J., Emlen, J., Rinella, M., Snelgrove, J., and Freeman, D., 2009, Differential phytosociological interactions involving male and female atriplex bonnevillensis: Western North American Naturalist, v. 69, no. 4, p. 475-480, https://doi.org/10.3398/064.069.0407.","startPage":"475","endPage":"480","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":502636,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/wnan/vol69/iss4/7","text":"External Repository"},{"id":216726,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3398/064.069.0407"},{"id":244612,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00fde4b0c8380cd4fa25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sinclair, J.","contributorId":104733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sinclair","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Emlen, J.M.","contributorId":63979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emlen","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rinella, M.","contributorId":74601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rinella","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Snelgrove, J.","contributorId":41248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snelgrove","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Freeman, D.C.","contributorId":21309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70034180,"text":"70034180 - 2009 - Estimating transition probabilities among everglades wetland communities using multistate models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:46","indexId":"70034180","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating transition probabilities among everglades wetland communities using multistate models","docAbstract":"In this study we were able to provide the first estimates of transition probabilities of wet prairie and slough vegetative communities in Water Conservation Area 3A (WCA3A) of the Florida Everglades and to identify the hydrologic variables that determine these transitions. These estimates can be used in management models aimed at restoring proportions of wet prairie and slough habitats to historical levels in the Everglades. To determine what was driving the transitions between wet prairie and slough communities we evaluated three hypotheses: seasonality, impoundment, and wet and dry year cycles using likelihood-based multistate models to determine the main driver of wet prairie conversion in WCA3A. The most parsimonious model included the effect of wet and dry year cycles on vegetative community conversions. Several ecologists have noted wet prairie conversion in southern WCA3A but these are the first estimates of transition probabilities among these community types. In addition, to being useful for management of the Everglades we believe that our framework can be used to address management questions in other ecosystems. ?? 2009 The Society of Wetland Scientists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1672/09-014S.1","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Hotaling, A., Martin, J., and Kitchens, W., 2009, Estimating transition probabilities among everglades wetland communities using multistate models: Wetlands, v. 29, no. 4, p. 1224-1233, https://doi.org/10.1672/09-014S.1.","startPage":"1224","endPage":"1233","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216606,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1672/09-014S.1"},{"id":244486,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b68e4b0c8380cd526e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hotaling, A.S.","contributorId":102297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hotaling","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, J.","contributorId":18871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kitchens, W.M.","contributorId":87647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kitchens","given":"W.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034156,"text":"70034156 - 2009 - The great 2006 heat wave over California and Nevada: Signal of an increasing trend","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:45","indexId":"70034156","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2216,"text":"Journal of Climate","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The great 2006 heat wave over California and Nevada: Signal of an increasing trend","docAbstract":"Most of the great California-Nevada heat waves can be classified into primarily daytime or nighttime events depending on whether atmospheric conditions are dry or humid. A rash of nighttime-accentuated events in the last decade was punctuated by an unusually intense case in July 2006, which was the largest heat wave on record (1948-2006). Generally, there is a positive trend in heat wave activity over the entire region that is expressed most strongly and clearly in nighttime rather than daytime temperature extremes. This trend in nighttime heat wave activity has intensified markedly since the 1980s and especially since 2000. The two most recent nighttime heat waves were also strongly expressed in extreme daytime temperatures. Circulations associated with great regional heat waves advect hot air into the region. This air can be dry or moist, depending on whether a moisture source is available, causing heat waves to be expressed preferentially during day or night. A remote moisture source centered within a marine region west of Baja California has been increasing in prominence because of gradual sea surface warming and a related increase in atmospheric humidity. Adding to the very strong synoptic dynamics during the 2006 heat wave were a prolonged stream of moisture from this southwestern source and, despite the heightened humidity, an environment in which afternoon convection was suppressed, keeping cloudiness low and daytime temperatures high. The relative contributions of these factors and possible relations to global warming are discussed. ?? 2009 American Meteorological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Climate","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1175/2009JCLI2465.1","issn":"08948755","usgsCitation":"Gershunov, A., Cayan, D., and Iacobellis, S., 2009, The great 2006 heat wave over California and Nevada: Signal of an increasing trend: Journal of Climate, v. 22, no. 23, p. 6181-6203, https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JCLI2465.1.","startPage":"6181","endPage":"6203","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216758,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009JCLI2465.1"},{"id":244645,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bac98e4b08c986b3235e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gershunov, A.","contributorId":6222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gershunov","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cayan, D.R.","contributorId":25961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":444356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Iacobellis, S.F.","contributorId":26160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iacobellis","given":"S.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034155,"text":"70034155 - 2009 - International year of planet earth 7. Oceans, submarine land-slides and consequent tsunamis in Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:45","indexId":"70034155","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1813,"text":"Geoscience Canada","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"International year of planet earth 7. Oceans, submarine land-slides and consequent tsunamis in Canada","docAbstract":"Canada has the longest coastline and largest continental margin of any nation in the World. As a result, it is more likely than other nations to experience marine geohazards such as submarine landslides and consequent tsunamis. Coastal landslides represent a specific threat because of their possible proximity to societal infrastructure and high tsunami potential; they occur without warning and with little time lag between failure and tsunami impact. Continental margin landslides are common in the geologic record but rare on human timescales. Some ancient submarine landslides are massive but more recent events indicate that even relatively small slides on continental margins can generate devastating tsunamis. Tsunami impact can occur hundreds of km away from the source event, and with less than 2 hours warning. Identification of high-potential submarine landslide regions, combined with an understanding of landslide and tsunami processes and sophisticated tsunami propagation models, are required to identify areas at high risk of impact.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geoscience Canada","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03150941","usgsCitation":"Mosher, D.C., 2009, International year of planet earth 7. Oceans, submarine land-slides and consequent tsunamis in Canada: Geoscience Canada, v. 36, no. 4, p. 179-190.","startPage":"179","endPage":"190","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244644,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3d49e4b0c8380cd6344e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mosher, D. C.","contributorId":57689,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mosher","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70034151,"text":"70034151 - 2009 - Effects of megascale eruptions on Earth and Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:45","indexId":"70034151","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of megascale eruptions on Earth and Mars","docAbstract":"Volcanic features are common on geologically active earthlike planets. Megascale or \"super\" eruptions involving &gt;1000 Gt of magma have occurred on both Earth and Mars in the geologically recent past, introducing prodigious volumes of ash and volcanic gases into the atmosphere. Here we discuss felsic (explosive) and mafi c (flood lava) supereruptions and their potential atmospheric and environmental effects on both planets. On Earth, felsic supereruptions recur on average about every 100-200,000 years and our present knowledge of the 73.5 ka Toba eruption implies that such events can have the potential to be catastrophic to human civilization. A future eruption of this type may require an unprecedented response from humankind to assure the continuation of civilization as we know it. Mafi c supereruptions have resulted in atmospheric injection of volcanic gases (especially SO<sub>2</sub>) and may have played a part in punctuating the history of life on Earth. The contrast between the more sustained effects of flood basalt eruptions (decades to centuries) and the near-instantaneous effects of large impacts (months to years) is worthy of more detailed study than has been completed to date. Products of mafi c supereruptions, signifi cantly larger than known from the geologic record on Earth, are well preserved on Mars. The volatile emissions from these eruptions most likely had global dispersal, but the effects may not have been outside what Mars endures even in the absence of volcanic eruptions. This is testament to the extreme variability of the current Martian atmosphere: situations that would be considered catastrophic on Earth are the norm on Mars. ?? 2009 The Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2009.453(04)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Thordarson, T., Rampino, M., Keszthelyi, L.P., and Self, S., 2009, Effects of megascale eruptions on Earth and Mars: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 453, p. 37-53, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.453(04).","startPage":"37","endPage":"53","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244609,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216723,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2009.453(04)"}],"issue":"453","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a075be4b0c8380cd51664","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thordarson, T.","contributorId":94501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thordarson","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rampino, M.","contributorId":72618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rampino","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keszthelyi, L. P.","contributorId":9291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keszthelyi","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Self, S.","contributorId":101821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Self","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034131,"text":"70034131 - 2009 - In situ video observations of two manefishes (perciformes: Caristiidae) in the mesopelagic zone of the northern Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-06T14:22:54","indexId":"70034131","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1337,"text":"Copeia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In situ video observations of two manefishes (perciformes: Caristiidae) in the mesopelagic zone of the northern Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"This paper describes direct video observations of two manefishes, likely Paracaristius sp., from the mesopelagic waters of the north-central Gulf of Mexico. One fish was observed with a remotely operated vehicle at a depth of 829 m by an industrial ROV as part of the SERPENT Project. The second was observed at 496 m from a manned submersible. Little is known about the behavior of manefishes because most records result from net-collected material. Our observation demonstrates that manefishes are capable of precise locomotory and posture control using extended, erect fins and that the pelvic fins of these fishes are extended in a parachute-like manner. Moreover, one of the specimens exhibited an unusual vertical, sinusoidal oscillation of its caudal fin. One of the observations took place in association with a physonect siphonophore. These observations may include the deepest published record for a manefish in the Gulf of Mexico.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Copeia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists","doi":"10.1643/CI-08-126","issn":"00458511","usgsCitation":"Benfield, M., Caruso, J.H., and Sulak, K., 2009, In situ video observations of two manefishes (perciformes: Caristiidae) in the mesopelagic zone of the northern Gulf of Mexico: Copeia, v. 4, p. 637-641, https://doi.org/10.1643/CI-08-126.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"637","endPage":"641","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244804,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216903,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1643/CI-08-126"}],"otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.9,18.2 ], [ -97.9,30.4 ], [ -81.0,30.4 ], [ -81.0,18.2 ], [ -97.9,18.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39b0e4b0c8380cd619ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benfield, M.C.","contributorId":104309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benfield","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caruso, John H.","contributorId":58098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caruso","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sulak, K. J. 0000-0002-4795-9310","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4795-9310","contributorId":76690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sulak","given":"K. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034130,"text":"70034130 - 2009 - Distribution and postbreeding environmental relationships of Northern leopard frogs (Rana [Lithobates] pipiens) in Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:44","indexId":"70034130","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and postbreeding environmental relationships of Northern leopard frogs (Rana [Lithobates] pipiens) in Washington","docAbstract":"Northern leopard frogs (Rana [Lithobates] pipiens) are considered sensitive, threatened, or endangered in all western states and western Canadian provinces. Historically present in eastern Washington in 6 major river drainages, leopard frogs are now only known to occur at 2 localized areas in the Crab Creek drainage in Grant County. During the summers of 2002-2005, we surveyed both areas to document extent of leopard frog distributions and to describe habitat and vertebrate community characteristics associated with leopard frog site occupancy. At Gloyd Seeps, 2 juvenile leopard frogs were observed in a total of 8.2 person-days of searching along a 5-km stream reach. At Potholes Reservoir, we surveyed 243 wetland sites in 7 management units known to have been occupied by leopard frogs during the 1980s. We confirmed leopard frog presence at only 87 sites (36%) in 4 management units. Site occupancy models for individual ponds indicated that, compared to unoccupied sites, occupied sites had slightly greater pond depths, less tall emergent vegetation, more herbaceous vegetative cover, and fewer neighboring ponds containing nonnative predatory fish. Models developed at the 1-km2 scale indicated that occupied areas had greater average midsummer pond depths, fewer ponds occupied by bullfrogs (Rana [Lithobates] catesbeiana) and carp (Cyprinus carpio), and more herbaceous vegetation surrounding ponds. The Gloyd Seeps population now appears defunct, and the Potholes Reservoir population is in sharp decline. Unless management actions are taken to reduce nonnative fish and bullfrogs and to enhance wetland vegetation, leopard frogs may soon be extirpated from both sites and possibly, therefore, from Washington.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Western North American Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3398/064.069.0413","issn":"15270904","usgsCitation":"Germaine, S., and Hays, D., 2009, Distribution and postbreeding environmental relationships of Northern leopard frogs (Rana [Lithobates] pipiens) in Washington: Western North American Naturalist, v. 69, no. 4, p. 537-547, https://doi.org/10.3398/064.069.0413.","startPage":"537","endPage":"547","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":502637,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/wnan/vol69/iss4/13","text":"External Repository"},{"id":216873,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3398/064.069.0413"},{"id":244771,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a029ce4b0c8380cd50116","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Germaine, S.S.","contributorId":101525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Germaine","given":"S.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hays, D.W.","contributorId":70967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hays","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034128,"text":"70034128 - 2009 - Channel, floodplain, and wetland responses to floods and overbank sedimentation, 1846-2006, Halfway Creek Marsh, Upper Mississippi Valley, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:44","indexId":"70034128","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Channel, floodplain, and wetland responses to floods and overbank sedimentation, 1846-2006, Halfway Creek Marsh, Upper Mississippi Valley, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Conversion of upland forest and prairie vegetation to agricultural land uses, following Euro-American settlement in the Upper Mississippi River System, led to accelerated runoff and soil erosion that subsequently transformed channels, floodplains, and wetlands on bottomlands. Halfway Creek Marsh, at the junction of Halfway Creek and the Mississippi River on Wisconsin's western border, is representative of such historical transformation. This marsh became the focus of a 2005-2006 investigation by scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey, the University of Wisconsin- Madison, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, who used an understanding of the historical transformation to help managers identify possible restoration alternatives for Halfway Creek Marsh. Field-scale topographic surveys and sediment cores provided data for reconstructing patterns and rates of historical overbank sedimentation in the marsh. Information culled from historical maps, aerial photographs, General Land Offi ce Survey notes, and other historical documents helped establish the timing of anthropogenic disturbances and document changes in channel patterns. Major human disturbances, in addition to agricultural land uses, included railroad and road building, construction of artifi cial levees, drainage alterations, and repeated dam failures associated with large floods. A volume of approximately 1,400,000 m<sup>3</sup>, involving up to 2 m of sandy historical overbank deposition, is stored through the upper and lower marshes and along the adjacent margins of Halfway Creek and its principal tributary, Sand Lake Coulee. The estimated overbank sedimentation rate for the entire marsh is ??3,000 m<sup>3</sup> yr-<sup>1</sup> for the recent period 1994-2006. In spite of reduced surface runoff and soil erosion in recent years, this recent sedimentation rate still exceeds by ??4 times the early settlement (1846-1885) rate of 700 m<sup>3</sup> yr-<sup>1</sup>, when anthropogenic acceleration of upland surface runoff and soil erosion was beginning. The highest rate of historical bottomland sedimentation occurred from 1919 to 1936, when the estimated overbank sedimentation rate was 20,400 m<sup>3</sup> yr- <sup>1</sup>. This rate exceeded by nearly 30 times the 1846-1886 rate. Artifi cial levees were constructed along the upper reach of Halfway Creek in the marsh during the early twentieth century to restrict fl ooding on the adjacent bottomlands. Anomalously high overbank sedimentation rates subsequently occurred on the fl oodplain between the levees, which also facilitated more effi cient transport of sediment into the lower marsh bottomland. Although overbank sedimentation rates dropped after 1936, corresponding to the widespread adoption of soil-conservation and agricultural best-management practices, the continuation of anomalously high overbank sedimentation between the levees led to increased bank heights and development of a relatively deep channel. The deep cross-section morphology is commonly mistaken as evidence of channel incision; however, this morphology actually resulted from excessive overbank sedimentation. The historical metamorphosis of the Halfway Creek channel and riparian wetlands underscores the importance of understanding the long-term history of channel and fl oodplain evolution when restoration of channels and riparian wetlands are under consideration. Sedimentation patterns and channel morphology for Halfway Creek Marsh probably are representative of other anthropogenically altered riparian wetlands in the Upper Mississippi River System and similar landscapes elsewhere.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2009.2451(02)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Fitzpatrick, F., Knox, J., and Schubauer-Berigan, J., 2009, Channel, floodplain, and wetland responses to floods and overbank sedimentation, 1846-2006, Halfway Creek Marsh, Upper Mississippi Valley, Wisconsin: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 451, p. 23-42, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.2451(02).","startPage":"23","endPage":"42","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216842,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2009.2451(02)"},{"id":244738,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"451","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f45be4b0c8380cd4bcae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fitzpatrick, F. A. 0000-0002-9748-7075","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9748-7075","contributorId":61446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"F. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knox, J.C.","contributorId":39970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knox","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schubauer-Berigan, J. P.","contributorId":32014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schubauer-Berigan","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034127,"text":"70034127 - 2009 - Sources, sinks, and spatial ecology of cotton mice in longleaf pine stands undergoing restoration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:44","indexId":"70034127","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources, sinks, and spatial ecology of cotton mice in longleaf pine stands undergoing restoration","docAbstract":"The Fire and Fire Surrogate studya replicated, manipulative experimentsought the most economically and ecologically efficient way to restore the nation's fire-maintained ecosystems. As part of this study, we conducted a 3-year markrecapture study, comprising 105,000 trap-nights, to assess demographic responses of cotton mice (Peromyscus gossypinus) to Fire and Fire Surrogate treatments at the Gulf Coastal Plain site, where longleaf pine was the ecosystem to be restored. We compared competing models to evaluate restoration effects on variation in apparent survival and recruitment over time, space, and treatment, and incorporated measures of available source habitat for cotton mice with reverse-time modeling to infer immigration from outside the study area. The top-ranked survival model contained only variation over time, but the closely ranked 2nd and 3rd models included variation over space and treatment, respectively. The top 4 recruitment models all included effects for availability of source habitat and treatments. Burning appeared to degrade habitat quality for cotton mice, showing demographic characteristics of a sink, but treatments combining fire with thinning of trees or application of herbicide to the understory appeared to improve habitat quality, possibly creating sources. Bottomland hardwoods outside the study also acted as sources by providing immigrants to experimental units. Models suggested that population dynamics operated over multiple spatial scales. Treatments applied to 15-ha stands probably only caused local variation in vital rates within the larger population. ?? 2009 American Society of Mammalogists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Mammalogy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1644/08-MAMM-A-064R2.1","issn":"00222372","usgsCitation":"Sharp, N., Mitchell, M., and Grand, J., 2009, Sources, sinks, and spatial ecology of cotton mice in longleaf pine stands undergoing restoration: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 90, no. 6, p. 1440-1448, https://doi.org/10.1644/08-MAMM-A-064R2.1.","startPage":"1440","endPage":"1448","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476239,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/08-mamm-a-064r2.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":216815,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1644/08-MAMM-A-064R2.1"},{"id":244709,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b93abe4b08c986b31a60a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sharp, N.W.","contributorId":12294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharp","given":"N.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mitchell, M.S.","contributorId":26724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grand, J.B.","contributorId":11150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70162096,"text":"70162096 - 2009 - Status and trends of prey fish populations in Lake Superior, 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-25T10:28:54","indexId":"70162096","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Status and trends of prey fish populations in Lake Superior, 2008","docAbstract":"<p>The Great Lakes Science Center has conducted annual daytime bottom trawl surveys of the Lake Superior nearshore (15-80 m bathymetric depth zone) every spring since 1978 to provide a long-term index of relative abundance and biomass of the fish community. Between May 5 and June 14, 2008, 58 stations were sampled around the perimeter of the lake with 12-m wide bottom trawls. Trawls were deployed cross-contour at median start and end depths of 17 and 55 m, respectively. The lakewide mean relative biomass estimate for the entire fish community was 4.61 kg/ha which was similar to that measured in 2007, 4.81 kg/ha. Dominant species in the catch were lake whitefish, rainbow smelt, longnose sucker and cisco, which represented 49, 18, 11, and 7 % of the total community biomass, respectively. Compared to 2007 levels, lake whitefish and cisco biomass increased 35% and 55%, respectively, while bloater and rainbow smelt biomass declined 69% and 41%, respectively. Increased biomass of lake whitefish and decreased biomass in bloater represent trends observed since 2007; however, reversed trends in biomass were observed for cisco and rainbow smelt. Year-class strength for the 2007 cisco cohort (0.20 fish/ha) was below the long-term (1977-2007) average (73.31 fish/ha), as was year-class strength for the 2007 bloater cohort (0.33 fish/ha) compared to the long-term average (11.11 fish/ha). Smelt year class strength (226.26 fish/ha) continues a trend of increasing strength from a 31-year low of 56.75 fish/ha in 2001 and was above the long-term average of 193.81 fish/ha. The 2008 cisco age structure was dominated by age 5 and older fish, which accounted for 82% of the mean relative density. Wisconsin waters continue to be the most productive (mean total community biomass of 17.09 kg/ha), followed by western Ontario (5.40 kg/ha), eastern Ontario (3.08 kg/ha), Michigan (2.82 kg/ha), and Minnesota (0.89 kg/ha).</p><p>Densities of small (400 mm) hatchery lake trout continued a pattern of decline observed since 1993-1996 to 0.04, 0.03 and 0.01 fish/ha in 2008, respectively. Densities of small and large wild (lean) lake trout continued a decreasing trend observed since 1996-1998. From 2007 to 2008, density of small lean lake trout declined from 0.29 to 0.15 fish/ha, the lowest value since 1978. Density of large lean lake trout has been relatively stable since 1986 but more recently density declined from 0.43 fish/ha in 2006 to 0.10 fish/ha in 2008. Density of intermediate size lean lake trout showed a small increase from 0.31 in 2007 to 0.41 fish/ha in 2008. Siscowet lake trout have shown a pattern of variable but increasing density since 1980. Since 2006, densities of small and intermediate size siscowet lake trout have increased from 0.10 to 0.12 and 0.08 to 0.15 fish/ha, respectively. Densities of large siscowet lake trout have fluctuated between 0.10 and 0.07 fish/ha since 2000. In 2008 the proportions of total lake trout density that were hatchery, lean and siscowet were 8, 60, and 32%, respectively.</p>","conferenceTitle":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission: Lake Superior Committee Meeting","conferenceDate":"March 25, 2009","language":"English","publisher":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission","usgsCitation":"Gorman, O.T., Evrard, L.M., Cholwek, G.A., Falck, J.M., and Yule, D., 2009, Status and trends of prey fish populations in Lake Superior, 2008, Great Lakes Fishery Commission: Lake Superior Committee Meeting, March 25, 2009, 10 p.","productDescription":"10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-012839","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340168,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":314248,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.glsc.usgs.gov/products/reports/2040411809"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Superior","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ff0ea8e4b006455f2d6202","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gorman, Owen T. 0000-0003-0451-110X otgorman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0451-110X","contributorId":2888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorman","given":"Owen","email":"otgorman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evrard, Lori M. 0000-0001-8582-5818 levrard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8582-5818","contributorId":2720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evrard","given":"Lori","email":"levrard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cholwek, Gary A. gcholwek@usgs.gov","contributorId":2719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cholwek","given":"Gary","email":"gcholwek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Falck, Jill M.","contributorId":152211,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Falck","given":"Jill","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":588497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yule, Daniel 0000-0002-0117-5115 dyule@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0117-5115","contributorId":139532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yule","given":"Daniel","email":"dyule@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70147915,"text":"70147915 - 2009 - Grassland bird associations with introduced and native grass Conservation Reserve Program fields in the Southern High Plains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-08T10:42:14","indexId":"70147915","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Grassland bird associations with introduced and native grass Conservation Reserve Program fields in the Southern High Plains","docAbstract":"<p><span>We examined relative abundances of grassland birds among Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) fields seeded with 2 monocultures of introduced grass species and 2 mixes of native grasses in the Southern High Plains of Texas. We assessed bird compositions among these 4 cover types and between the cover types pooled into categories of introduced and native fields. Breeding season bird diversity and total abundance did not differ among cover types or between introduced and native fields. Grasshopper Sparrows (</span><i>Ammodramus savannarum</i><span>), Cassin's Sparrows (</span><i>Aimophila cassinii</i><span>), and Western Meadowlarks (</span><i>Sturnella neglecta</i><span>) accounted for more than 90% of breeding season detections. Grasshopper Sparrows were the most abundant and found in all cover types. Cassin's Sparrows were 38% to 170% more abundant among the native seed mix without buffalograss (</span><i>Buchlo&euml; dactyloides</i><span>) compared to 3 other cover types. Although this association was statistically lost when cover types were pooled into introduced or native fields (</span><i>U</i><span>&nbsp;= 93.5,&nbsp;</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;= 0.91), the species was still 50% more abundant among native CRP than introduced CRP fields. Meadowlarks occurred ubiquitously but at very low numbers during the breeding season. During winter, avian abundance was 44% greater among native CRP than introduced CRP fields. Meadowlarks, Homed Larks (</span><i>Eremophila alpestris</i><span>), and Savannah Sparrows (</span><i>Passerculus sandwichensis</i><span>) accounted for 94% of all winter detections. Meadowlarks occurred ubiquitously, but Horned Larks and Savannah Sparrows were 157% and 96% more abundant, respectively, among native CRP than introduced CRP fields. Our data suggest that monocultures of introduced grasses may benefit some bird species but also that native seed mixes may have a more positive influence through increased diversity and abundance of grassland birds. However, pooling cover types into the broader categories of introduced or native grasses may dampen or occlude biologically meaningful results. It may be prudent to avoid broad categorization of CRP fields based solely on native or introduced grass cover when assessing habitat associations of grassland birds.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Monte Beam Life Science Mueseum","doi":"10.3398/064.069.0408","usgsCitation":"Thompson, T.R., Boal, C.W., and Lucia, D., 2009, Grassland bird associations with introduced and native grass Conservation Reserve Program fields in the Southern High Plains: Western North American Naturalist, v. 69, no. 4, p. 481-490, https://doi.org/10.3398/064.069.0408.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"481","endPage":"490","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-010112","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488354,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/wnan/vol69/iss4/8","text":"External Repository"},{"id":300178,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Southern High Plains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -103.0078125,\n              31.80289258670676\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.0078125,\n              36.50963615733049\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.39306640625,\n              36.50963615733049\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.39306640625,\n              31.80289258670676\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.0078125,\n              31.80289258670676\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"69","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"554dde2de4b082ec54129f26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, Thomas R.","contributorId":105896,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thompson","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boal, Clint W. 0000-0001-6008-8911 cboal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6008-8911","contributorId":1909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boal","given":"Clint","email":"cboal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lucia, Duane","contributorId":140642,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lucia","given":"Duane","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70194436,"text":"70194436 - 2009 - Application of models to conservation planning for terrestrial birds in North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-28T10:26:16","indexId":"70194436","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Application of models to conservation planning for terrestrial birds in North America","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract svAbstract \" data-etype=\"ab\"><p id=\"fsabs022\">Partners in Flight (PIF), a public–private coalition for the conservation of land birds, has developed one of four international bird conservation plans recognized under the auspices of the North American Bird Conservation Initiative (NABCI). Partners in Flight prioritized species most in need of conservation attention and set range-wide population goals for 448 species of terrestrial birds. Partnerships are now tasked with developing spatially explicit estimates of the distribution, and abundance of priority species across large ecoregions and identifying habitat acreages needed to support populations at prescribed levels. The PIF Five Elements process of conservation design identifies five steps needed to implement all bird conservation at the ecoregional scale. Habitat assessment and landscape characterization describe the current amounts of different habitat types and summarize patch characteristics, and landscape configurations that define the ability of a landscape to sustain healthy bird populations and are a valuable first step to describing the planning area before pursuing more complex species-specific models. Spatially linked database models, landscape-scale habitat suitability models, and statistical models are viable alternatives for predicting habitat suitability or bird abundance across large planning areas to help assess conservation opportunities, design landscapes to meet population objectives, and monitor change in habitat suitability or bird numbers over time.</p></div><div id=\"SD_BA1P\" class=\"sgfNoTitleBar sgfNoGadgetBorder svDoNotLink\">Bird conservation in the United States is a good example of the use of models in large-scale wildlife conservation planning because of its geographic extent, focus on multiple species, involvement of multiple partners, and use of simple to complex models. We provide some background on the recent development of bird conservation initiatives in the United States and the approaches used for regional conservation assessment and planning. We focus on approaches being used for landscape characterization and assessment, and bird population response modeling.</div>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Models for planning wildlife conservation in large landscapes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Academic Press","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-373631-4.00022-8","usgsCitation":"Fitzgerald, J., Thogmartin, W.E., Dettmers, R., Jones, T., Rustay, C., Ruth, J.M., Thompson, F.R., and Will, T., 2009, Application of models to conservation planning for terrestrial birds in North America, chap. <i>of</i> Models for planning wildlife conservation in large landscapes, p. 593-624, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-373631-4.00022-8.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"593","endPage":"624","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349419,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a610cfce4b06e28e9c25755","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Millspaugh, Joshua J.","contributorId":22082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Millspaugh","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723784,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, Frank R. III","contributorId":12608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Frank","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723785,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Fitzgerald, Jane A.","contributorId":76446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzgerald","given":"Jane A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thogmartin, Wayne E. 0000-0002-2384-4279 wthogmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2384-4279","contributorId":2545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thogmartin","given":"Wayne","email":"wthogmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":723777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dettmers, Randy","contributorId":48534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettmers","given":"Randy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, Tim","contributorId":149501,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Tim","affiliations":[{"id":17757,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Atlantic Coast Joint Venture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":723779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rustay, Christopher","contributorId":200912,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rustay","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ruth, Janet M. 0000-0003-1576-5957 janet_ruth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1576-5957","contributorId":1408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruth","given":"Janet","email":"janet_ruth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":723781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Thompson, Frank R. III","contributorId":12608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Frank","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Will, Tom","contributorId":149777,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Will","given":"Tom","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17821,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Migratory Birds","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":723783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70044715,"text":"70044715 - 2009 - The trials of sustainability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-05T12:11:31","indexId":"70044715","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":674,"text":"Aggregates Manager","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The trials of sustainability","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aggregates Manager","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Randall Reilly","usgsCitation":"Langer, W.H., 2009, The trials of sustainability: Aggregates Manager, v. 14, no. 7.","startPage":"44","ipdsId":"IP-011768","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273314,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b05defe4b030b51980132e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langer, W. H.","contributorId":44932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langer","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70037013,"text":"70037013 - 2009 - Toxicity of two insecticides to California, USA, anurans and its relevance to declining amphibian populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:09","indexId":"70037013","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toxicity of two insecticides to California, USA, anurans and its relevance to declining amphibian populations","docAbstract":"Contaminants have been associated with population declines of several amphibian species in California (USA). Pesticides from the Central Valley of California are transported by winds into the Sierra Nevada Mountains and precipitate into wet meadows where amphibians breed. The present study examined the chronic toxicity of two of the insecticides most commonly used in the Central Valley and found in the mountains, chlorpyrifos and endosulfan, to larval Pacific treefrogs (Pseudacris regilla) and foothill yellow-legged frogs (Rana boylii) and discusses the implications of this toxicity to declining amphibian populations. Larvae were exposed to the pesticides from Gosner stages 25 to 26 through metamorphosis. The estimated median lethal concentration (LC50) for chlorpyrifos was 365 ??g/L in P. regilla and 66.5 ??g/L for R. boylii. Time to metamorphosis increased with concentration of chlorpyrifos in both species, and cholinesterase activity declined with exposure concentration in metamorphs of both species at Gosner stages 42 to 46. For endosulfan, the estimated LC50 was 15.6 ??g/L for P. regilla and 0.55 ??g/L for R. boylii. All R. boylii exposed to concentrations of greater than 0.8 ??g/L died before they entered metamorphosis. Pseudacris regilla remains relatively abundant and is broadly distributed throughout California. In contrast, R. boylii is among the species experiencing severe population declines. The present study adds to the increasing evidence that pesticides are very harmful to amphibians living in areas that are miles from sources of pesticide application. ?? 2009 SETAC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1897/08-336.1","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Sparling, D.W., and Fellers, G.M., 2009, Toxicity of two insecticides to California, USA, anurans and its relevance to declining amphibian populations: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 28, no. 8, p. 1696-1703, https://doi.org/10.1897/08-336.1.","startPage":"1696","endPage":"1703","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217358,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/08-336.1"},{"id":245302,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb61fe4b08c986b326a8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sparling, D. W.","contributorId":78675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sparling","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fellers, G. M.","contributorId":82653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fellers","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70044727,"text":"70044727 - 2009 - The final word on fines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-05T12:20:41","indexId":"70044727","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":674,"text":"Aggregates Manager","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The final word on fines","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aggregates Manager","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Randall Reilly","usgsCitation":"Langer, W.H., 2009, The final word on fines: Aggregates Manager, v. 14, no. 9, p. 40-40.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"40","endPage":"40","ipdsId":"IP-012934","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273316,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b05defe4b030b519801323","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langer, W. H.","contributorId":44932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langer","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70044735,"text":"70044735 - 2009 - Welcome to dreamland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-05T12:22:25","indexId":"70044735","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":674,"text":"Aggregates Manager","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Welcome to dreamland","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aggregates Manager","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Randall Reilly","usgsCitation":"Langer, W.H., 2009, Welcome to dreamland: Aggregates Manager, v. 14, no. 10, p. 40-40.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"40","endPage":"40","ipdsId":"IP-014637","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273317,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b05df1e4b030b519801366","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langer, W. H.","contributorId":44932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langer","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70045171,"text":"70045171 - 2009 - New research and tools lead to improved earthquake alerting protocols","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-07T13:02:17","indexId":"70045171","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1148,"text":"CUSEC Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New research and tools lead to improved earthquake alerting protocols","docAbstract":"What’s the best way to get alerted about the occurrence and potential impact of an earthquake? The answer to that question has changed dramatically of late, in part due to improvements in earthquake science, and in part by the implementation of new research in the delivery of earthquake information","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"CUSEC Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Central U.S. Earthquake Consortium","usgsCitation":"Wald, D.J., 2009, New research and tools lead to improved earthquake alerting protocols: CUSEC Journal, v. 13, no. 5, p. 1-8 p.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"8 p.","numberOfPages":"3","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-017060","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271998,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271995,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.cusec.org/publications/newsletter/fall2009.pdf"}],"volume":"13","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"518a2277e4b061e1bd533484","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wald, David J. 0000-0002-1454-4514 wald@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"David","email":"wald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70036021,"text":"70036021 - 2009 - The Adopt-a-Herring program as a fisheries conservation tool","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-29T20:42:24.522309","indexId":"70036021","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1657,"text":"Fisheries","onlineIssn":"1548-8446","printIssn":"0363-2415","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Adopt-a-Herring program as a fisheries conservation tool","docAbstract":"<p>Successful conservation depends on a scientifically literate public. We developed the adopt-a-Herring program to educate nonscientists about fisheries and watershed restoration. this interactive educational and outreach project encouraged coastal residents to be involved in local watershed restoration. In the northeastern United States, river herring (Alosa spp.) are an important component of many coastal watersheds and often are the object of conservation efforts. In order to understand river herring spawning behavior and to improve the effectiveness of restoration efforts, our research tracked these fish via radiotelemetry in the Ipswich River, Massachusetts. In our adopt-a-Herring Program, participating stakeholder organizations adopted and named individual tagged river herring and followed their movements online. We also made information available to our adopters on our larger research goals, the mission and activities of other research and management agencies, examples of human actions that adversely affect watersheds, and opportunities for proactive conservation. Research results were communicated to adopters through our project web page and end-of-the-season summary presentations. Both tools cultivated a personal interest in river herring, stimulated discussion about fisheries and watershed restoration, educated participants about the goals and methods of scientists in general, and initiated critical thinking about human activities that advance or impede sustainability.</p>","language":"English, Spanish","doi":"10.1577/1548-8446-34.10.496","issn":"03632415","usgsCitation":"Frank, H.J., Mather, M.E., Muth, R.M., Pautzke, S.M., Smith, J.M., and Finn, J.T., 2009, The Adopt-a-Herring program as a fisheries conservation tool: Fisheries, v. 34, no. 10, p. 496-507, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446-34.10.496.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"496","endPage":"507","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":502552,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://scholarworks.umass.edu/mie_faculty_pubs/315","text":"External Repository"},{"id":246558,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Ipswich River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -70.83847045898438,\n              42.673664426103315\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.78250885009766,\n              42.69095278346417\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.79143524169922,\n              42.69946900068995\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.82121849060059,\n              42.6910158708481\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.83958625793456,\n              42.679659109427156\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.83864212036133,\n              42.673348900435464\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.83847045898438,\n              42.673664426103315\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba65ce4b08c986b3210a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frank, Holly J.","contributorId":86605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frank","given":"Holly","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mather, Martha E. 0000-0003-3027-0215 mather@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3027-0215","contributorId":2580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mather","given":"Martha","email":"mather@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Muth, Robert M.","contributorId":41682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muth","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pautzke, Sarah M.","contributorId":12301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pautzke","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, Joseph M.","contributorId":106712,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6932,"text":"University of Massachusetts, Amherst","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":17855,"text":"School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":453654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Finn, John T.","contributorId":78302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70036717,"text":"70036717 - 2009 - Testing road surface treatments to reduce erosion in forest roads in Honduras [Tratamientos de la superficie de rodadura para reducir la erosion en caminos forestales en Honduras]","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-29T20:41:01.378891","indexId":"70036717","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1237,"text":"Ciencia e Investigacion Agraria","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Testing road surface treatments to reduce erosion in forest roads in Honduras [Tratamientos de la superficie de rodadura para reducir la erosion en caminos forestales en Honduras]","docAbstract":"<p>Testing road surface treatments to reduce erosion in forest roads in Honduras. Cien. Inv. Agr. 36(3):425-432. Using forest roads produces more erosion and sedimentation than any other forest or agricultural activity. This study evaluated soil losses from a forest road in central Honduras over two consecutive years. We divided a 400-m segment of road into 8 experimental units, each 50 m in length. Four units were treated with Best Management Practices (BMPs) and four were left untreated. The BMP treatments included reshaping the road prism, installing culverts and reshaping of road ditches, compacting 20-cm layers of the road tread, crowning the road surface (3% slope, double drainage), longitudinal sloping (less than 12%), and adding a 10-cm layer of gravel (crush size = 0.63 cm). Soil movement was measured daily during the rainy seasons. The highest soil loss occurred in the control road, around 500 m<sup>3</sup> km<sup>-1</sup> per year, while the road treated with BMP lost approximately 225 m<sup>3</sup>km<sup>-1</sup> per year. These results show that road surface erosion can be reduced up to 50% with the implementation of surface treatments.</p>","language":"English, Spanish","publisher":"Scielo","doi":"10.4067/S0718-16202009000300009","issn":"03045609","usgsCitation":"Rivera, S., Kershner, J.L., and Keller, G.R., 2009, Testing road surface treatments to reduce erosion in forest roads in Honduras [Tratamientos de la superficie de rodadura para reducir la erosion en caminos forestales en Honduras]: Ciencia e Investigacion Agraria, v. 36, no. 3, p. 425-432, https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-16202009000300009.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"425","endPage":"432","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245762,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":476138,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-16202009000300009","text":"Publisher Index Page"}],"country":"Honduras","city":"Siguatepeque","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -87.9400634765625,\n              14.517121171003899\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.9400634765625,\n              14.65135432666373\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.73544311523436,\n              14.65135432666373\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.73544311523436,\n              14.517121171003899\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.9400634765625,\n              14.517121171003899\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba5cee4b08c986b320cbe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rivera, Samuel","contributorId":104316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rivera","given":"Samuel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kershner, Jeffrey L. 0000-0002-7093-9860 jkershner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7093-9860","contributorId":310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kershner","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jkershner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":457490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keller, Gordon R.","contributorId":90280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70044714,"text":"70044714 - 2009 - Seven questions to sustainability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-05T12:24:58","indexId":"70044714","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":674,"text":"Aggregates Manager","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seven questions to sustainability","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aggregates Manager","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Randall Reilly","usgsCitation":"Langer, W.H., 2009, Seven questions to sustainability: Aggregates Manager, v. 14, no. 11, p. 40-40.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"40","endPage":"40","ipdsId":"IP-013343","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273318,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b05dede4b030b5198012f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langer, W. H.","contributorId":44932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langer","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70047278,"text":"70047278 - 2009 - Warmwater fish in wadeable streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-29T14:37:59.935675","indexId":"70047278","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"4","title":"Warmwater fish in wadeable streams","docAbstract":"<p>Both “warmwater” and “wadeable” are terms of convenience without precise definition and are used by biologists to describe streams that are generally too warm to have sustainable salmonid populations and can be safely traversed by walking (i.e., a section of stream should have the majority of its length less than 1 m deep, and it should be possible to cross in chest waders in nearly all areas). Warmwater streams in North America are estimated to provide more than a half-million kilometers of fishable waters and many times that amount of waters containing fish (Rabeni and Jacobson 1999). Warmwater streams have experienced a surge of attention in the past three decades because of increased sportfishing opportunities due to point-source pollution abatement and because of the popularity of using fish assemblages as indicators of biological integrity for regulatory and management purposes. At least 38 states have fish bioassessment programs in place (USEPA 2002).</p><p>Sampling fish in warmwater streams is usually done for one of two reasons: (1) to evaluate a targeted species (e.g., sport fish or endangered species), or (2) to evaluate the entire fish assemblage. Thirty-two species of sport fishes, as defined by state and provincial agencies, occur in warmwater streams. The most popular are largemouth bass, smallmouth bass, spotted bass, striped bass, muskellunge, northern pike, walleye, several catfishes, and common carp. Important species regionally are rock bass, pumpkinseed, bluegill, white crappie, black crappie, other sunfishes, white perch, yellow perch, chain pickerel, buffalo, other suckers, and freshwater drum.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Standard methods for sampling North American freshwater fishes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","doi":"10.47886/9781934874103.ch4","usgsCitation":"Rabeni, C.F., Lyons, J.J., Mercado-Silva, N., and Peterson, J., 2009, Warmwater fish in wadeable streams, chap. 4 <i>of</i> Standard methods for sampling North American freshwater fishes, p. 43-58, https://doi.org/10.47886/9781934874103.ch4.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"58","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":517,"text":"Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275515,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f78eeee4b02e26443a93eb","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bonar, Scott A. 0000-0003-3532-4067 sbonar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3532-4067","contributorId":3712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonar","given":"Scott","email":"sbonar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509420,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, Wayne A.","contributorId":9325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509421,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Willis, David W.","contributorId":55313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willis","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509422,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Rabeni, Charles F.","contributorId":34804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rabeni","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lyons, John J. 0000-0001-5409-1698 jlyons@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5409-1698","contributorId":5394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"John","email":"jlyons@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mercado-Silva, Norman","contributorId":18219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mercado-Silva","given":"Norman","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peterson, James T. 0000-0002-7709-8590 james_peterson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-8590","contributorId":2111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"James","email":"james_peterson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70044731,"text":"70044731 - 2009 - Embodied energy in the stone quarry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-05T12:08:15","indexId":"70044731","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":674,"text":"Aggregates Manager","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Embodied energy in the stone quarry","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aggregates Manager","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Randall Reilly","usgsCitation":"Langer, W.H., 2009, Embodied energy in the stone quarry: Aggregates Manager, v. 14, no. 5.","startPage":"52","ipdsId":"IP-011611","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273313,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b05de4e4b030b5198011ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langer, William H. blanger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langer","given":"William","email":"blanger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":476261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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