Sand deposits on southern insular shelf of St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands, were investigated to determine their origin, environmental processes and accumulation rates. Sea-floor samples show that the sand has been derived (in situ) mainly from calcareous algae and molluscs. Zonation of the dominant sand producers is related to the present environmental setting; water depth has the greatest influence. Carbon-14 data (bulk sample) of cores indicate accumulation rates of slightly less than 1 mm/year for the last 5,000 years. Faunal studies show that the climate has remained constant over the past 5,000 years. The only changes in environmental conditions appear to have been an increase in water depth, changes in the patterns of water movement, and an increase in water temperature.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geological Institute","doi":"10.1306/212F8201-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Kindinger, J.L., Miller, R.J., and Holmes, C.W., 1983, Sedimentology of Southwestern Roads region, U.S. Virgin Islands: origin and rate of sediment accumulation: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 53, no. 2, p. 439-447, https://doi.org/10.1306/212F8201-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"439","endPage":"447","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296717,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Virgin Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -65.00335693359375,\n 17.89250058043452\n ],\n [\n -64.53369140625,\n 17.921249418623304\n ],\n [\n -64.5172119140625,\n 17.612610761099077\n ],\n [\n -65.00335693359375,\n 17.602139123350852\n ],\n [\n -65.00335693359375,\n 17.89250058043452\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"53","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"549165d1e4b0d0759afaad97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kindinger, Jack L. jkindinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kindinger","given":"Jack","email":"jkindinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":536828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Ronald J.","contributorId":42213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":536829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holmes, Charles W.","contributorId":31071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":536830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70135759,"text":"70135759 - 1983 - delta18O variations in the Halimeda of Virgin Islands sands: evidence of cool water in the northeast Caribbean, late Holocene","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-11T13:53:42","indexId":"70135759","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2451,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","onlineIssn":"1938-3681","printIssn":"1527-1404","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"delta18O variations in the Halimeda of Virgin Islands sands: evidence of cool water in the northeast Caribbean, late Holocene","title":"delta18O variations in the Halimeda of Virgin Islands sands: evidence of cool water in the northeast Caribbean, late Holocene","docAbstract":"Halimeda segments from carbonate sands on the Virgin Islands platform have delta 18 O versus PDB isotopic values ranging from -0.3% to -1.3% (x = -0.9%). Modern Halimeda segments from the same area have a measured delta18 O ranging from -2.0% to -2.5% PDB (x = -2.15%), and the carbonate skeleton appears to have formed in isotopic equilibrium with the oceanic waters on the platform. Biologic and geochemical data indicate that the sand deposits have accumulated under physical and chemical conditions similar to the modern shelf environment. 14 C data suggest that the sand was deposited over an approximate 5800-year span, centering about 4000 years B.P. The average isotopic difference of 1.25% between the Holocene and modern carbonate indicates that the late Holocene Halimeda lived in waters approximately 4 degrees cooler than the present.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geological Institute","doi":"10.1306/212F81FC-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Holmes, C.W., 1983, delta18O variations in the Halimeda of Virgin Islands sands: evidence of cool water in the northeast Caribbean, late Holocene: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 53, no. 2, p. 429-438, https://doi.org/10.1306/212F81FC-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"429","endPage":"438","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296725,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Virgin Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -64.98138427734375,\n 17.808841135842886\n ],\n [\n -64.56390380859375,\n 17.879431386540528\n ],\n [\n -64.522705078125,\n 17.688511946079725\n ],\n [\n -64.9346923828125,\n 17.612610761099077\n ],\n [\n -64.98138427734375,\n 17.808841135842886\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"53","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"549165dae4b0d0759afaada7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holmes, Charles W.","contributorId":31071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":536834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70142182,"text":"70142182 - 1983 - The role of remotely sensed and other special data for predictive modeling: the Umatilla, Oregon example","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T14:44:47","indexId":"70142182","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of remotely sensed and other special data for predictive modeling: the Umatilla, Oregon example","docAbstract":"Landsat data and 1:24 000-scale aerial photographs were initially used to map the expansion of irrigation from 1973 to 1979 and to identify crops under irrigation in 1979. The crop data were then used with historical water requirement figures and digital topographic and hydrographic data to estimate water and power use for the 1979 irrigation season. The final project task involved production of a composite map of land suitability for irrigation development based on land cover (from Landsat), landownership, soil irrigability, slope gradient, and potential energy costs.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","usgsCitation":"Loveland, T., and Johnson, G., 1983, The role of remotely sensed and other special data for predictive modeling: the Umatilla, Oregon example: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 49, no. 8, p. 1183-1192.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1183","endPage":"1192","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298225,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","city":"Umatilla","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.42413330078125,\n 45.87471224890479\n ],\n [\n -119.42413330078125,\n 45.954968795113395\n ],\n [\n -119.26071166992186,\n 45.954968795113395\n ],\n [\n -119.26071166992186,\n 45.87471224890479\n ],\n [\n -119.42413330078125,\n 45.87471224890479\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"49","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54f597cee4b02419550d2f55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646 loveland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":3005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas R.","email":"loveland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":541700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Gary E.","contributorId":65007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Gary E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":541701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1001537,"text":"1001537 - 1983 - The effect of variable spring water conditions on mallard reproduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-05-07T15:57:22.26165","indexId":"1001537","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of variable spring water conditions on mallard reproduction","docAbstract":"Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) breeding densities in the prairie pothole habitat of eastern North Dakota during 1961-1980 varied from 2.28 birds/km2 in 1977 to 9.47 birds/km2 in 1963 and were correlated with pond abundance (r = 0.543, P < 0.05). The number of basins used by pairs declined with drought, as did home-range size. Nesting activity also varied with the number of ponds holding water/km2, ranging from high (including substantial renesting) under favorable water conditions to low during extreme drought. The span between first and last nest initiations declined by 19 days from a wet to a dry year. With severe drought conditions during spring 1977 on the Medina Study Area, pairs returned to attempt nesting but were unsuccessful, and most abandoned activity centers by mid-May. Although the average clutch size declined by about 0.7 egg from a wet to a dry year on the Interstate Study Area, hatchability of eggs remained constant. We describe the adaptive strategy of Mallards for breeding under variable water conditions and food resources in the semiarid prairie environment of midcontinent North America.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1093/auk/100.3.689","usgsCitation":"Krapu, G.L., Klett, A.T., and Jorde, D., 1983, The effect of variable spring water conditions on mallard reproduction: The Auk, v. 100, no. 3, p. 689-698, https://doi.org/10.1093/auk/100.3.689.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"689","endPage":"698","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":504222,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol100/iss3/17","text":"External Repository"},{"id":133805,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"eastern North Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -100.08179357874629,\n 49.04644744778844\n ],\n [\n -100.08179357874629,\n 45.955299972444465\n ],\n [\n -96.52576208454597,\n 45.955299972444465\n ],\n [\n -97.07468981609242,\n 47.358723932160885\n ],\n [\n -97.18820332176138,\n 49.044590624735974\n ],\n [\n -100.08179357874629,\n 49.04644744778844\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"100","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4c08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krapu, Gary L. 0000-0001-8482-6130 gkrapu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8482-6130","contributorId":3074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krapu","given":"Gary","email":"gkrapu@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":311211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klett, Albert T.","contributorId":34857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klett","given":"Albert","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jorde, Dennis G. djorde@usgs.gov","contributorId":12804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jorde","given":"Dennis G.","email":"djorde@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":311209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1014368,"text":"1014368 - 1983 - Use of surface water for rearing channel catfish in ponds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-06T15:52:30.192193","indexId":"1014368","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of surface water for rearing channel catfish in ponds","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1983)45[179:UOSWFR]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Tackett, D.L., and Carter, R.R., 1983, Use of surface water for rearing channel catfish in ponds: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 45, no. 3, p. 179-180, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1983)45[179:UOSWFR]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"179","endPage":"180","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129167,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db685761","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tackett, Dewey L.","contributorId":8024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tackett","given":"Dewey","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carter, Ray R.","contributorId":36879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Ray","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1003194,"text":"1003194 - 1983 - Water quality and the rotifer populations in the Atchafalaya River Basin, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-22T11:26:28.530107","indexId":"1003194","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water quality and the rotifer populations in the Atchafalaya River Basin, Louisiana","docAbstract":"We compiled distributional and ecological information on the class Rotifera from both flood controlled and uncontrolled reaches of the Atchafalaya River Basin, a large river-swamp in the south-central United States. In the minimally altered lower basin a variety of aquatic habitats within a small area resulted in a very diverse rotifer community consisting of an average of 46 taxa. In contrast, only an average of 28 different taxa were collected in leeved upper basin habitats. As a result of cluster analysis we were able to identify rotifer communities associated with areas of similar water quality. Variations in suspended solids, total dissolved solids, and organic carbon were most often significantly associated with variations in rotifer numbers from the lower basin. Seasonal flushing of backwater areas by mainstem waters is very important in maintaining the diversity of these lower basin rotifer communities.
Three outbreaks of botulism type E occurring in waterbirds on Lake Michigan since autumn 1976 are discussed. Natural ingestion of food containing type E toxin by Ring-billed Gulls (Larus delawarensis) and the presence of type E toxin in blood from moribund gulls were demonstrated. Concurrent presence of type C and type E botulinal toxins was found in a die-off of Common Loons (Gavia immer). In combination with previous reported outbreaks, these incidents suggest that this disease is geographically widespread in Lake Michigan, and that environmental conditions conducive to type E botulinal toxin production and consumption occur in both summer and autumn.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wilson Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Brand, C.J., Duncan, R.M., Garrow, S.P., Olson, D., and Schumann, L.E., 1983, Waterbird mortality from botulism type E in Lake Michigan: An update: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 95, no. 2, p. 269-275.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"269","endPage":"275","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":409588,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://sora.unm.edu/node/130032","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":134127,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.4072265625,\n 41.4509614012039\n ],\n [\n -86.37451171875,\n 41.4509614012039\n ],\n [\n -85.836181640625,\n 42.601619944327965\n ],\n [\n -86.06689453125,\n 43.70759350405294\n ],\n [\n -85.968017578125,\n 44.5826428195842\n ],\n [\n -85.36376953125,\n 44.69989765840318\n ],\n [\n -85.1220703125,\n 45.236217535866025\n ],\n [\n -84.66064453125,\n 45.336701909968106\n ],\n [\n -84.57275390625,\n 46.14939437647686\n ],\n [\n -85.462646484375,\n 46.240651955001695\n ],\n [\n -85.74829101562499,\n 46.08847179577592\n ],\n [\n -86.37451171875,\n 46.042735653846506\n ],\n [\n -87.0556640625,\n 45.96642454131025\n ],\n [\n -87.791748046875,\n 45.46783598133375\n ],\n [\n -88.154296875,\n 44.59829048984011\n ],\n [\n -88.209228515625,\n 44.36313311380771\n ],\n [\n -87.857666015625,\n 44.12702800650004\n ],\n [\n -87.923583984375,\n 43.57243174740972\n ],\n [\n -88.187255859375,\n 43.100982876188546\n ],\n [\n -88.187255859375,\n 42.58544425738491\n ],\n [\n -88.13232421875,\n 41.95949009892465\n ],\n [\n -87.4072265625,\n 41.4509614012039\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"95","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4c58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brand, Christopher J. cbrand@usgs.gov","contributorId":1186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brand","given":"Christopher","email":"cbrand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":314420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duncan, Ruth M.","contributorId":84720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duncan","given":"Ruth","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garrow, Scott P.","contributorId":44513,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garrow","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Olson, Dan","contributorId":91010,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olson","given":"Dan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schumann, Leonard E.","contributorId":27413,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schumann","given":"Leonard","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1001398,"text":"1001398 - 1983 - Foraging dives by post-breeding northern pintails","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-23T13:39:30","indexId":"1001398","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Foraging dives by post-breeding northern pintails","docAbstract":"Dabbling ducks (Anatini), including Northern Pintails (Anas acuta), typically feed by “tipping-up” (Bellrose, Ducks, Geese, and Swans of North America, Stackpole Books, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, 1976) in shallow water. Pintails are not as adapted for diving as members of Aythyini or Oxyurini (Catlett and Johnston, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 47A:925-931, 1974); however, incidents of foraging dives by small numbers of pintails have been reported (Chapman et al., Br. Birds 52:60, 1959; Bourget and Chapdelaine, Wildfowl 26:55-57, 1975). This paper reports on forage diving by a flock of several hundred pintails. Ecological explanations are suggested to account for the behavior and comparisons with tip-up feeding are presented.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wilson Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Miller, M.R., 1983, Foraging dives by post-breeding northern pintails: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 95, no. 2, p. 294-296.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"294","endPage":"296","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128804,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Glenn County","otherGeospatial":"Sacremento National Wildlife Refuge","volume":"95","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de4a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Michael R.","contributorId":45796,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":12709,"text":"Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":310971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1016547,"text":"1016547 - 1983 - [Book review] Waterfowl ecology and management: Selected readings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-02T11:05:50","indexId":"1016547","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"[Book review] Waterfowl ecology and management: Selected readings","docAbstract":"This book is a compilation of papers from the extensive and varied published literature on the ecology and management of waterfowl. The 125 technical papers reprinted in this book are arranged in eight major sections and are from 21 journals, government reports, several books, and proceedings of symposia and annual conferences. The most frequent sources of papers are The Journal of Wildlife Management, The Auk, Transactions North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference, and Wildfowl. These readings span the period from 1937 through 1981. A majority of the technical papers was published during the sixties and seventies, reflecting the expansion of waterfowl research during that period. The front cover and the introductory page of each section are illustrated with black-and-white drawings of North American waterfowl by D. R. Barrick.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Krapu, G.L., 1983, [Book review] Waterfowl ecology and management: Selected readings: The Auk, v. 100, no. 2, p. 535-536.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"535","endPage":"536","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132502,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":341263,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4086574"}],"volume":"100","issue":"2","publicComments":"A review of: Waterfowl ecology and management: Selected readings. J. T. Ratti, L. D. Flake, and W. A. Wentz (Compilers). 1982. Bethesda, Maryland, The Wildlife Society, Inc. 1,328 pp. Paperbound.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4c2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krapu, Gary L. 0000-0001-8482-6130 gkrapu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8482-6130","contributorId":3074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krapu","given":"Gary","email":"gkrapu@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":324363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1016548,"text":"1016548 - 1983 - [Book review] Ducks, geese and swans of North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-16T10:40:32","indexId":"1016548","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"[Book review] Ducks, geese and swans of North America","docAbstract":"This is the 3rd edition of the classic work \"The Ducks, Geese and Swans of North America,\" which was first published in December 1942. The original edition was authored by Francis C. Kortright with color plates by T. M. Shortt. An authoritative reference on North American waterfowl for many years, the book had become outdated as a result of major advances in the field of waterfowl biology. The need to update the 1st edition culminated in the publication in 1976 of a 2nd edition authored by Frank Bellrose. Readers interested in comparing features of the 1976 edition with other major recent works on North American waterfowl by P. A. Johnsgard and R. S. Palmer should read Weller (1977, Auk 94: 173).
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Krapu, G.L., 1983, [Book review] Ducks, geese and swans of North America: The Auk, v. 100, no. 1, p. 246-248.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"246","endPage":"248","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132503,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262274,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4086319","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"100","issue":"1","publicComments":"A review of: Ducks, geese and swans of North America. Frank C. Bellrose. 1980. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, Stackpole Books. A Wildlife Management Institute book sponsored jointly with the Illinois Natural History Survey. 540 pp., 55 maps, 24 color plates, 57 figures, 1 black-and-white photo, numerous drawings.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a59e4b07f02db62ff13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krapu, Gary L. 0000-0001-8482-6130 gkrapu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8482-6130","contributorId":3074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krapu","given":"Gary","email":"gkrapu@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":324364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1013877,"text":"1013877 - 1983 - Effective flow-through vacuum degasser for fish hatcheries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-09T16:01:35.330407","indexId":"1013877","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":852,"text":"Aquacultural Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effective flow-through vacuum degasser for fish hatcheries","docAbstract":"Since the fry of certain species of fish cannot tolerate even slight amounts of supersaturation, their water supplies must be degassed. Gas content can be reduced to subsaturated, sublethal levels by passing it through the vacuum degasser described here. The system includes a low-cost, flow-through unit easily capable of degassing (to less than saturated conditions) water flowing at 190 liters min−1. In tests completed to date, dissolved oxygen content was never reduced below 7 ppm.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0144-8609(83)90025-0","usgsCitation":"Fuss, J.T., 1983, Effective flow-through vacuum degasser for fish hatcheries: Aquacultural Engineering, v. 2, no. 4, p. 301-307, https://doi.org/10.1016/0144-8609(83)90025-0.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"301","endPage":"307","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131491,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db6253d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fuss, J. T.","contributorId":37673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuss","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1013656,"text":"1013656 - 1983 - Effects of hydrilla and grass carp on water quality in a Florida lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T14:48:58","indexId":"1013656","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3718,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-1370","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of hydrilla and grass carp on water quality in a Florida lake","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1983.tb02801.x","collaboration":"None/GV","usgsCitation":"Canfield, D., Maceina, M., and Shireman, J., 1983, Effects of hydrilla and grass carp on water quality in a Florida lake: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 19, no. 5, p. 773-778, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1983.tb02801.x.","productDescription":"p. 773-778","startPage":"773","endPage":"778","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267767,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1983.tb02801.x"},{"id":130226,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611e9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Canfield, D.E. Jr.","contributorId":57798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Canfield","given":"D.E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maceina, M.J.","contributorId":38934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maceina","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shireman, J.V.","contributorId":36083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shireman","given":"J.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1014304,"text":"1014304 - 1983 - Effect of population density of lake trout in cylindrical jars on growth and oxygen consumption","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-08T15:48:39.992779","indexId":"1014304","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of population density of lake trout in cylindrical jars on growth and oxygen consumption","docAbstract":"Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), initial weight 2.25 g, were reared at population densities of 25, 50, 75, 100, and 125 fish in 6.55‐L cylindrical jars for 20 weeks with a mean water flow of 2.45 L/min. All fish survived the experiment. A significant (P < 0.05) reduction in growth occurred between population densities of 25 fish and those of 50 fish or more per jar, but differences among further increases beyond 50 fish were not significant. Total fish weight at the end of 20 weeks ranged progressively upward from 51.5 to 233.9 kg fish/m³ rearing space for fish at population densities of 25 to 125 per jar. Loading values were light at all densities, ranging upward from 0.14 to 0.62 kg fish/L per min flow. Total consumption of oxygen by fish in each jar increased with time (weeks) and population density. Oxygen consumption per unit weight of fish decreased significantly, however, with each successive 25‐fish increase in number of fish per jar. Mean specific gravity of the 25‐fish groups was less than that of fish of the other groups. Differences in population density did not significantly affect water flow rates, feed conversion, or condition factor (K) of the fish. The number of water exchanges per hour, ranging from 23.8 to 29.3 for the 25‐ to 125‐fish densities, tended to increase with each increase in population density.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1983)45[8:EOPDOL]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Poston, H.A., 1983, Effect of population density of lake trout in cylindrical jars on growth and oxygen consumption: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 45, no. 1, p. 8-13, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1983)45[8:EOPDOL]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"8","endPage":"13","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131044,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625532","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poston, H. A.","contributorId":21893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poston","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1001206,"text":"1001206 - 1983 - Water storage capacity of natural wetland depressions in the Devils Lake basin of North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-02T13:32:08","indexId":"1001206","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2456,"text":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water storage capacity of natural wetland depressions in the Devils Lake basin of North Dakota","docAbstract":"Photogrammetric mapping techniques were used to derive the water storage capacities of natural wetland depressions other than lakes in the Devils Lake Basin of North Dakota. Results from sample quarter-section areas were expanded to the entire basin. Depressions in the Devils Lake Basin have a maximum storage capacity of nearly 811,000 cubic dekameters (657,000 acre-feet). The depressions store about 72 percent of the total runoff volume from a 2-year-frequency runoff and about 41 percent of the total runoff volume from a 100-year-frequency runoff.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Ludden, A., Frink, D., and Johnson, D.H., 1983, Water storage capacity of natural wetland depressions in the Devils Lake basin of North Dakota: Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, v. 38, no. 1, p. 45-48.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"48","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133592,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -99.38232421875,\n 47.85003078545827\n ],\n [\n -98.536376953125,\n 47.85003078545827\n ],\n [\n -98.536376953125,\n 48.356249029540734\n ],\n [\n -99.38232421875,\n 48.356249029540734\n ],\n [\n -99.38232421875,\n 47.85003078545827\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f01ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ludden, A.P.","contributorId":25530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludden","given":"A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frink, D.L.","contributorId":96642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frink","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":70327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1003214,"text":"1003214 - 1983 - Elevated DDE and toxaphene residues in fishes and birds reflect local contamination in the lower Rio Grande valley Texas USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:40","indexId":"1003214","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3451,"text":"Southwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Elevated DDE and toxaphene residues in fishes and birds reflect local contamination in the lower Rio Grande valley Texas USA","docAbstract":"A potential organochlorine pesticide problem was identified near Mission, Texas, by the National Park Monitoring Program. Fish samples from this site have consistently contained elevated levels of DDE since 1968. Surveys were made in 1976, 1978, and 1979 to determine the extent of organochlorine pesticide contamination in fishes and birds of the area. Freshwater fishes of Arroyo Colorado, a major waterway traversing the lower Rio Grande Valley, were highly contaminated with DDE and toxaphene residues compared to samples from other areas in the Valley; both DDE and toxaphene ranged up to 31.5 ppm wet wt in whole-fish composite samples. Median DDE residues in fish-eating bird carcasses from this area ranged up to 34 ppm wet wt, and 81 ppm in individual specimens. The levels of contaminants detected in fishes and birds were within, or above, the range producing adverse effects in certain species. The major sources of contamination to the Arroyo Colorado system likely stem from past and present use of persistent pesticides on surrounding croplands, and possibly from an abandoned pesticide plant at Mission, Texas.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southwestern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"White, D.H., Mitchell, C.A., Kennedy, H., Krynitsky, A.J., and Ribick, M.A., 1983, Elevated DDE and toxaphene residues in fishes and birds reflect local contamination in the lower Rio Grande valley Texas USA: Southwestern Naturalist, v. 28, no. 3, p. 325-334.","productDescription":"pp. 325-334","startPage":"325","endPage":"334","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":173240,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1be4b07f02db606ea2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Donald H.","contributorId":97868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mitchell, C. A.","contributorId":54543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kennedy, H.R.","contributorId":86029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"H.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krynitsky, A. J.","contributorId":73954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krynitsky","given":"A.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ribick, M. A.","contributorId":82367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ribick","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":3192,"text":"wsp2195 - 1983 - Hydrology of the Ferron Sandstone aquifer and effects of proposed surface-coal mining in Castle Valley, Utah, with a section on stratigraphy and a section on leaching of overburden","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":23739,"text":"ofr81535 - 1981 - Hydrology of the Ferron sandstone aquifer and effects of proposed surface-coal mining in Castle Valley, Utah","indexId":"ofr81535","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrology of the Ferron sandstone aquifer and effects of proposed surface-coal mining in Castle Valley, Utah"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":3192,"text":"wsp2195 - 1983 - Hydrology of the Ferron Sandstone aquifer and effects of proposed surface-coal mining in Castle Valley, Utah, with a section on stratigraphy and a section on leaching of overburden","indexId":"wsp2195","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrology of the Ferron Sandstone aquifer and effects of proposed surface-coal mining in Castle Valley, Utah, with a section on stratigraphy and a section on leaching of overburden"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-29T22:45:01.092093","indexId":"wsp2195","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2195","title":"Hydrology of the Ferron Sandstone aquifer and effects of proposed surface-coal mining in Castle Valley, Utah, with a section on stratigraphy and a section on leaching of overburden","docAbstract":"Coal in the Ferron Sandstone Member of the Mancos Shale of Cretaceous age has traditionally been mined by underground techniques in the Emery Coal Field in the southern end of Castle Valley in east-central Utah. However, approximately 99 million tons are recoverable by surface mining. Ground water in the Ferron is the sole source of supply for the town of Emery, but the aquifer is essentially untapped outside the Emery area.
The Ferron Sandstone Member crops out along the eastern edge of Castle Valley and generally dips 2 ? to 10 ? to the northwest. Sandstones in the Ferron are enclosed between relatively impermeable shale in the Tununk and Blue Gate Members of the Mancos Shale. Along the outcrop, the Ferron ranges in thickness from about 80 feet in the northern part of Castle Valley to 850 feet in the southern part. The Ferron also generally thickens in the subsurface downdip from the outcrop. Records from wells and test holes indicate that the full thickness of the Ferron is saturated with water in most areas downdip from the outcrop area.
Tests in the Emery area indicate that transmissivity of the Ferron sandstone aquifer ranges from about 200 to 700 feet squared per day where the Ferron is fully saturated. Aquifer transmissivity is greatest near the Paradise Valley-Joes Valley fault system where permeability has been increased by fracturing. Storage coefficient ranges from about 10 .6 to 10 -3 where the Ferron sandstone aquifer is confined and probably averages 5 x 10-2 where it is unconfined.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp2195","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the United States Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Lines, G.C., Morrissey, D.J., Ryer, T.A., and Fuller, R.H., 1983, Hydrology of the Ferron Sandstone aquifer and effects of proposed surface-coal mining in Castle Valley, Utah, with a section on stratigraphy and a section on leaching of overburden: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2195, Report: vi, 40 p.; 3 Plates: 17.00 x 27.20 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2195.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 40 p.; 3 Plates: 17.00 x 27.20 inches","numberOfPages":"46","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":30174,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2195/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Map showing location of selected wells, springs, and test holes in and near Castle Valley, Utah, where ground-water information is available, 1980"},{"id":30175,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2195/plate-2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Map showing the thickness of the Ferron sandstone member of the Mancos shale in Castle Valley, Utah"},{"id":423046,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25538.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":138109,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2195/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30177,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2195/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":30176,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2195/plate-3.pdf","text":"Plate 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Map showing the altitude of the top of the Ferron Sandstone member of the Mancos Shale in Castle Valley, Utah"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Castle Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.5,\n 39.75\n ],\n [\n -111.5,\n 39.75\n ],\n [\n -111.5,\n 38.5\n ],\n [\n -110.5,\n 38.5\n ],\n [\n -110.5,\n 39.75\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db667150","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lines, Gregory C.","contributorId":50502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lines","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morrissey, Daniel J.","contributorId":89875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrissey","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ryer, Thomas A.","contributorId":100359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryer","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fuller, Richard H.","contributorId":66236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":93754,"text":"93754 - 1983 - Preliminary report on exclusion fencing used in combination with lethal control for managing upland waterfowl nesting habitat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:00","indexId":"93754","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Preliminary report on exclusion fencing used in combination with lethal control for managing upland waterfowl nesting habitat","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Management of public lands in the Northern Great Plains.","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society; North Dakota Game and Fish Dept.; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Bismarck, ND","usgsCitation":"Greenwood, R.J., Arnold, P., and McGuire, B., 1983, Preliminary report on exclusion fencing used in combination with lethal control for managing upland waterfowl nesting habitat, p. 28-29.","productDescription":"p. 28-29","startPage":"28","endPage":"29","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127840,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cafd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Greenwood, R. J.","contributorId":74326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenwood","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arnold, P.M.","contributorId":63750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnold","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGuire, B.G.","contributorId":26999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"B.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1000173,"text":"1000173 - 1983 - Seasonal food of juvenile lake trout in U.S. waters of Lake Ontario","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-31T15:06:50","indexId":"1000173","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal food of juvenile lake trout in U.S. waters of Lake Ontario","docAbstract":"Stomach contents of 3,554 lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), 100 to 449 mm in total length, captured with bottom trawls during April through October 1978–81 along the south shore of Lake Ontario were examined. Invertebrates appeared to be an important food of lake trout less than 200 mm long but were only occasionally eaten by larger fish. For all seasons and size groups of juvenile lake trout combined, the slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus) was the principal forage fish, making up 42% (by weight) of identifiable fish remains. Young-of-the-year slimy sculpins were a major food of recently stocked yearling lake trout during July through October. Alewives (Alosa pseudoharengus) were the principal forage during April and May, and made up 28% (by weight) of the identifiable fish remains. They were rarely eaten during July and August, however, when lake trout remained in the hypolimnion and alewives were above it. Over 99% of the alewives eaten from April through August were yearlings and over 99% eaten during October were young-of-the-year. Rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) were the primary forage during July and August, but contributed only a small part of the diet during other seasons; overall, they made up 25% of identifiable fish remains. Johnny darters (Etheostoma nigrum) made up 4% of identifiable fish remains and were most common in stomachs of small lake trout during October.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(83)71911-8","usgsCitation":"Elrod, J.H., 1983, Seasonal food of juvenile lake trout in U.S. waters of Lake Ontario: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 9, no. 3, p. 396-402, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(83)71911-8.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"396","endPage":"402","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133221,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc397","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elrod, Joseph H.","contributorId":72737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elrod","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000548,"text":"1000548 - 1983 - Distribution and abundance of larval fish in the nearshore waters of western Lake Huron","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-31T15:22:32","indexId":"1000548","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and abundance of larval fish in the nearshore waters of western Lake Huron","docAbstract":"Ichthyoplankton was collected at 17 nearshore (bottom depth ≥5 m but ≤10 m) sites in western Lake Huron during 1973–75 with a 0.5-m net of 351-micron mesh towed at 99 m/min. Larvae of rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) dominated late spring and early summer catches and larvae of alewives (Alosa pseudoharengus) the midsummer catches. Larval yellow perch (Perca flavescens) were caught in early summer but were rarely the dominant species. The time of spawning and hatching, and thus occurrence of larvae, differed between areas but was less variable for alewives than for yellow perch. The appearance of larvae in Saginaw Bay was followed successively by their appearance in southern, central, and northern Lake Huron. Rainbow smelt were most abundant in northern Lake Huron and yellow perch and alewives in inner Saginaw Bay. Densities of either rainbow smelt or alewives occasionally exceeded 1/m3, whereas those of yellow perch never exceeded 0.1/m3. Abundance of alewives was usually highest 1 to 3 m beneath the surface and that of rainbow smelt 2 to at least 6 m beneath the surface. Important nursery areas of rainbow smelt were in bays and off irregular coastlines and those of yellow perch were in bays. All nearshore waters seemed equally important as nursery areas of alewives.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(83)71867-8","usgsCitation":"O’Gorman, R., 1983, Distribution and abundance of larval fish in the nearshore waters of western Lake Huron: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 9, no. 1, p. 14-22, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(83)71867-8.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"14","endPage":"22","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133405,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a171","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Gorman, Robert rogorman@usgs.gov","contributorId":3451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Gorman","given":"Robert","email":"rogorman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":308744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000337,"text":"1000337 - 1983 - Rediscovery of lake balls in Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-31T15:04:12","indexId":"1000337","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2299,"text":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rediscovery of lake balls in Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"For the first time in 70 years, the occurrence of a 'lake ball' in Lake Michigan is here reported in the literature. According to a published system of classification, the object we collected in 1978 was a 'false' lake ball. Dissection revealed that it was colonized by 5 chironomid larvae and 162 oligochaetes. The species and numerical proportions of the oligochaetes indicated that it was formed in or near the mouth of a eutrophic tributary rather than in the open waters of Lake Michigan where it was found. Because of their mobility, false lake balls may be ecologically important, serving as natural vehicles for the dispersal of invertebrates.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1080/02705060.1983.9664588","usgsCitation":"Schloesser, D.W., Hiltunen, J.K., and Owens, R.W., 1983, Rediscovery of lake balls in Lake Michigan: Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 2, no. 2, p. 159-163, https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.1983.9664588.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"159","endPage":"163","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128859,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db6352c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schloesser, Donald W. dschloesser@usgs.gov","contributorId":3579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schloesser","given":"Donald","email":"dschloesser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":308413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hiltunen, Jarl K.","contributorId":27820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hiltunen","given":"Jarl","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Owens, Randall W.","contributorId":23871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owens","given":"Randall","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":10046,"text":"ofr83216 - 1983 - Water resources and potential hydrologic effects of oil-shale development in the southeastern Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":10046,"text":"ofr83216 - 1983 - Water resources and potential hydrologic effects of oil-shale development in the southeastern Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado","indexId":"ofr83216","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"title":"Water resources and potential hydrologic effects of oil-shale development in the southeastern Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":38571,"text":"pp1307 - 1984 - Water resources and potential hydrologic effects of oil-shale development in the southeastern Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado","indexId":"pp1307","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Water resources and potential hydrologic effects of oil-shale development in the southeastern Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":38571,"text":"pp1307 - 1984 - Water resources and potential hydrologic effects of oil-shale development in the southeastern Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado","indexId":"pp1307","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Water resources and potential hydrologic effects of oil-shale development in the southeastern Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-14T15:19:32.387946","indexId":"ofr83216","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-216","title":"Water resources and potential hydrologic effects of oil-shale development in the southeastern Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr83216","usgsCitation":"Lindskov, K., and Kimball, B.A., 1983, Water resources and potential hydrologic effects of oil-shale development in the southeastern Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-216, 100 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr83216.","productDescription":"100 p.","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":144898,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0216/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":367637,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0216/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah, Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Uinta Basin","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-106.190554,40.997607],[-106.061181,40.996999],[-105.730421,40.996886],[-105.724804,40.99691],[-105.277138,40.998173],[-105.27686,40.998173],[-105.256527,40.998191],[-105.254779,40.99821],[-104.943371,40.998084],[-104.855273,40.998048],[-104.829504,40.99927],[-104.675999,41.000957],[-104.497149,41.001828],[-104.497058,41.001805],[-104.467672,41.001473],[-104.214692,41.001657],[-104.214191,41.001568],[-104.211473,41.001591],[-104.123586,41.001626],[-104.10459,41.001543],[-104.086068,41.001563],[-104.066961,41.001504],[-104.053249,41.001406],[-104.039238,41.001502],[-104.023383,41.001887],[-104.018223,41.001617],[-103.972642,41.001615],[-103.971373,41.001524],[-103.953525,41.001596],[-103.906324,41.001387],[-103.896207,41.00175],[-103.877967,41.001673],[-103.858449,41.001681],[-103.750498,41.002054],[-103.574522,41.001721],[-103.497447,41.001635],[-103.486697,41.001914],[-103.421975,41.002007],[-103.421925,41.001969],[-103.396991,41.002558],[-103.382492,41.002232],[-103.365314,41.001846],[-103.362979,41.001844],[-103.077804,41.002298],[-103.076536,41.002253],[-103.059538,41.002368],[-103.057998,41.002368],[-103.043444,41.002344],[-103.038704,41.002251],[-103.002026,41.002486],[-103.000102,41.0024],[-102.98269,41.002157],[-102.981483,41.002112],[-102.963669,41.002186],[-102.962522,41.002072],[-102.960706,41.002059],[-102.959624,41.002095],[-102.94483,41.002303],[-102.943109,41.002051],[-102.925568,41.00228],[-102.924029,41.002142],[-102.906547,41.002276],[-102.904796,41.002207],[-102.887407,41.002178],[-102.885746,41.002131],[-102.867822,41.002183],[-102.865784,41.001988],[-102.849263,41.002301],[-102.846455,41.002256],[-102.830303,41.002351],[-102.82728,41.002143],[-102.773546,41.002414],[-102.766723,41.002275],[-102.754617,41.002361],[-102.739624,41.00223],[-102.653463,41.002332],[-102.621033,41.002597],[-102.578696,41.002291],[-102.575738,41.002268],[-102.575496,41.0022],[-102.566048,41.0022],[-102.556789,41.002219],[-102.487955,41.002445],[-102.470537,41.002382],[-102.469223,41.002424],[-102.379593,41.002301],[-102.364066,41.002174],[-102.292833,41.002207],[-102.292622,41.00223],[-102.292553,41.002207],[-102.291354,41.002207],[-102.2721,41.002245],[-102.267812,41.002383],[-102.231931,41.002327],[-102.2122,41.002462],[-102.209361,41.002442],[-102.19121,41.002326],[-102.124972,41.002338],[-102.070598,41.002423],[-102.051718,41.002377],[-102.051614,41.002377],[-102.051292,40.749591],[-102.051292,40.749586],[-102.051398,40.697542],[-102.051725,40.537839],[-102.051519,40.520094],[-102.051465,40.440008],[-102.05184,40.396396],[-102.051572,40.39308],[-102.051798,40.360069],[-102.051553,40.349214],[-102.051309,40.338381],[-102.051922,40.235344],[-102.051894,40.229193],[-102.051909,40.162674],[-102.052001,40.148359],[-102.051744,40.003078],[-102.051569,39.849805],[-102.051363,39.843471],[-102.051318,39.833311],[-102.051254,39.818992],[-102.050594,39.675594],[-102.050099,39.653812],[-102.050422,39.646048],[-102.049954,39.592331],[-102.049806,39.574058],[-102.049764,39.56818],[-102.049554,39.538932],[-102.049673,39.536691],[-102.049679,39.506183],[-102.049369,39.423333],[-102.04937,39.41821],[-102.049167,39.403597],[-102.04896,39.373712],[-102.048449,39.303138],[-102.04725,39.13702],[-102.047189,39.133147],[-102.047134,39.129701],[-102.046571,39.047038],[-102.045388,38.813392],[-102.045334,38.799463],[-102.045448,38.783453],[-102.045371,38.770064],[-102.045287,38.755528],[-102.045375,38.754339],[-102.045212,38.697567],[-102.045156,38.688555],[-102.045127,38.686725],[-102.04516,38.675221],[-102.045102,38.674946],[-102.045074,38.669617],[-102.045288,38.615249],[-102.045288,38.615168],[-102.045211,38.581609],[-102.045189,38.558732],[-102.045223,38.543797],[-102.045112,38.523784],[-102.045262,38.505532],[-102.045263,38.505395],[-102.045324,38.453647],[-102.044936,38.41968],[-102.044442,38.415802],[-102.044944,38.384419],[-102.044613,38.312324],[-102.044568,38.268819],[-102.044567,38.268749],[-102.04451,38.262412],[-102.044398,38.250015],[-102.044251,38.141778],[-102.044589,38.125013],[-102.044255,38.113011],[-102.044644,38.045532],[-102.043844,37.928102],[-102.043845,37.926135],[-102.043219,37.867929],[-102.043033,37.824146],[-102.042953,37.803535],[-102.042668,37.788758],[-102.042158,37.760164],[-102.04199,37.738541],[-102.041876,37.723875],[-102.041574,37.680436],[-102.041694,37.665681],[-102.041582,37.654495],[-102.041585,37.644282],[-102.041618,37.607868],[-102.041894,37.557977],[-102.041899,37.541186],[-102.042016,37.535261],[-102.041786,37.506066],[-102.041801,37.469488],[-102.041755,37.434855],[-102.041669,37.43474],[-102.041676,37.409898],[-102.041586,37.38919],[-102.041524,37.375018],[-102.042089,37.352819],[-102.041974,37.352613],[-102.041817,37.30949],[-102.041664,37.29765],[-102.041963,37.258164],[-102.042002,37.141744],[-102.042135,37.125021],[-102.042092,37.125021],[-102.041809,37.111973],[-102.041983,37.106551],[-102.04192,37.035083],[-102.041749,37.034397],[-102.041921,37.032178],[-102.04195,37.030805],[-102.041952,37.024742],[-102.04224,36.993083],[-102.054503,36.993109],[-102.184271,36.993593],[-102.208316,36.99373],[-102.260789,36.994388],[-102.355288,36.994506],[-102.355367,36.994575],[-102.698142,36.995149],[-102.74206,36.997689],[-102.75986,37.000019],[-102.778569,36.999242],[-102.806762,37.000019],[-102.814616,37.000783],[-102.841989,36.999598],[-102.979613,36.998549],[-102.985807,36.998571],[-102.986976,36.998524],[-103.002199,37.000104],[-103.086106,37.000174],[-103.155922,37.000232],[-103.733247,36.998016],[-103.734364,36.998041],[-104.007855,36.996239],[-104.250536,36.994644],[-104.338833,36.993535],[-104.519257,36.993766],[-104.624556,36.994377],[-104.625545,36.993599],[-104.645029,36.993378],[-104.732031,36.993447],[-104.73212,36.993484],[-105.000554,36.993264],[-105.029228,36.992729],[-105.1208,36.995428],[-105.155042,36.995339],[-105.220613,36.995169],[-105.251296,36.995605],[-105.41931,36.995856],[-105.442459,36.995994],[-105.447255,36.996017],[-105.465182,36.995991],[-105.508836,36.995895],[-105.512485,36.995777],[-105.533922,36.995875],[-105.62747,36.995679],[-105.66472,36.995874],[-105.716471,36.995849],[-105.71847,36.995846],[-105.996159,36.995418],[-105.997472,36.995417],[-106.006634,36.995343],[-106.201469,36.994122],[-106.247705,36.994266],[-106.248675,36.994288],[-106.293279,36.99389],[-106.343139,36.99423],[-106.47628,36.993839],[-106.500589,36.993768],[-106.617159,36.992967],[-106.617125,36.993004],[-106.628652,36.993175],[-106.628733,36.993161],[-106.661344,36.993243],[-106.675626,36.993123],[-106.750591,36.992461],[-106.869796,36.992426],[-106.877292,37.000139],[-107.420913,37.000005],[-107.420915,37.000005],[-107.481737,37.000005],[-108.000623,37.000001],[-108.249358,36.999015],[-108.250635,36.999561],[-108.288086,36.999555],[-108.2884,36.99952],[-108.320464,36.999499],[-108.320721,36.99951],[-108.379203,36.999459],[-108.619689,36.999249],[-108.620309,36.999287],[-108.954404,36.998906],[-108.958868,36.998913],[-109.045223,36.999084],[-109.181196,36.999271],[-109.233848,36.999266],[-109.246917,36.999346],[-109.26339,36.999263],[-109.268213,36.999242],[-109.270097,36.999266],[-109.378039,36.999135],[-109.381226,36.999148],[-109.495338,36.999105],[-109.625668,36.998308],[-109.875673,36.998504],[-110.000677,36.997968],[-110.000876,36.998502],[-110.021778,36.998602],[-110.47019,36.997997],[-110.490908,37.003566],[-110.50069,37.00426],[-110.599512,37.003448],[-110.625605,37.003416],[-110.62569,37.003721],[-110.75069,37.003197],[-111.066496,37.002389],[-111.133718,37.000779],[-111.254853,37.001077],[-111.278286,37.000465],[-111.405517,37.001497],[-111.405869,37.001481],[-111.412784,37.001478],[-112.35769,37.001025],[-112.368946,37.001125],[-112.534545,37.000684],[-112.538593,37.000674],[-112.540368,37.000669],[-112.545094,37.000734],[-112.558974,37.000692],[-112.609787,37.000753],[-112.899366,37.000319],[-112.966471,37.000219],[-113.965907,36.999976],[-113.965907,37.000025],[-114.0506,37.000396],[-114.051749,37.088434],[-114.051822,37.090976],[-114.052827,37.103961],[-114.051867,37.134292],[-114.052179,37.14711],[-114.051673,37.172368],[-114.051405,37.233854],[-114.051974,37.283848],[-114.051974,37.284511],[-114.0518,37.293044],[-114.0518,37.293548],[-114.051927,37.370459],[-114.051927,37.370734],[-114.051765,37.418083],[-114.052448,37.43144],[-114.052701,37.492014],[-114.052685,37.502513],[-114.052718,37.517264],[-114.052689,37.517859],[-114.052962,37.592783],[-114.052472,37.604776],[-114.051728,37.745997],[-114.051785,37.746249],[-114.05167,37.746958],[-114.051109,37.756276],[-114.049919,37.765586],[-114.048473,37.809861],[-114.049677,37.823645],[-114.049928,37.852508],[-114.049658,37.881368],[-114.050423,37.999961],[-114.049903,38.148601],[-114.050138,38.24996],[-114.049417,38.2647],[-114.05012,38.404536],[-114.050091,38.404673],[-114.050485,38.499955],[-114.049834,38.543784],[-114.049862,38.547764],[-114.050154,38.57292],[-114.049883,38.677365],[-114.049749,38.72921],[-114.049168,38.749951],[-114.049465,38.874949],[-114.048521,38.876197],[-114.048054,38.878693],[-114.049104,39.005509],[-114.047079,39.499943],[-114.047728,39.542742],[-114.047273,39.759413],[-114.047783,39.79416],[-114.047214,39.821024],[-114.047134,39.906037],[-114.046555,39.996899],[-114.046835,40.030131],[-114.046386,40.097896],[-114.046741,40.104231],[-114.046683,40.116931],[-114.046153,40.231971],[-114.046178,40.398313],[-114.045826,40.424823],[-114.045218,40.430282],[-114.045518,40.494474],[-114.045577,40.495801],[-114.045281,40.506586],[-114.043505,40.726292],[-114.043831,40.758666],[-114.043803,40.759205],[-114.043176,40.771675],[-114.042145,40.999926],[-114.041447,41.207752],[-114.042553,41.210923],[-114.041396,41.219958],[-114.040231,41.49169],[-114.040942,41.499921],[-114.040437,41.615377],[-114.039968,41.62492],[-114.039901,41.753781],[-114.041152,41.850595],[-114.041107,41.850573],[-114.039648,41.884816],[-114.041723,41.99372],[-113.993903,41.992698],[-113.893261,41.988057],[-113.822163,41.988479],[-113.796082,41.989104],[-113.76453,41.989459],[-113.500837,41.992799],[-113.496548,41.993305],[-113.431563,41.993799],[-113.40223,41.994161],[-113.396497,41.99425],[-113.357611,41.993859],[-113.340072,41.994747],[-113.250829,41.99561],[-113.249159,41.996203],[-113.000821,41.998223],[-113.00082,41.998223],[-112.979218,41.998263],[-112.909587,41.998791],[-112.882367,41.998922],[-112.880619,41.998921],[-112.833125,41.999345],[-112.833084,41.999305],[-112.788542,41.999681],[-112.709375,42.000309],[-112.648019,42.000307],[-112.450814,42.000953],[-112.450567,42.001092],[-112.38617,42.001126],[-112.264936,42.000991],[-112.239107,42.001217],[-112.192976,42.001167],[-112.173352,41.996568],[-112.163956,41.996708],[-112.109532,41.997598],[-112.01218,41.99835],[-111.915837,41.998519],[-111.915622,41.998496],[-111.876491,41.998528],[-111.750778,41.99933],[-111.507264,41.999518],[-111.471381,41.999739],[-111.425535,42.00084],[-111.420898,42.000793],[-111.415873,42.000748],[-111.046689,42.001567],[-111.045818,41.579845],[-111.045789,41.565571],[-111.046264,41.377731],[-111.0466,41.360692],[-111.046551,41.251716],[-111.046723,40.997959],[-110.750727,40.996847],[-110.715026,40.996347],[-110.539819,40.996346],[-110.500718,40.994746],[-110.375714,40.994947],[-110.250709,40.996089],[-110.237848,40.995427],[-110.125709,40.99655],[-110.121639,40.997101],[-110.048476,40.997555],[-110.006495,40.997815],[-110.000708,40.997352],[-109.999838,40.99733],[-109.97553,40.997912],[-109.855299,40.997614],[-109.854302,40.997661],[-109.715409,40.998191],[-109.713877,40.998266],[-109.676421,40.998395],[-109.534926,40.998143],[-109.500694,40.999127],[-109.250735,41.001009],[-109.231985,41.002059],[-109.173682,41.000859],[-109.050076,41.000659],[-108.884138,41.000094],[-108.631108,41.000156],[-108.526667,40.999608],[-108.500659,41.000112],[-108.250649,41.000114],[-108.181227,41.000455],[-108.046539,41.002064],[-107.918421,41.002036],[-107.625624,41.002124],[-107.367443,41.003073],[-107.317794,41.002967],[-107.241194,41.002804],[-107.000606,41.003444],[-106.857773,41.002663],[-106.453859,41.002057],[-106.439563,41.001978],[-106.437419,41.001795],[-106.43095,41.001752],[-106.391852,41.001176],[-106.386356,41.001144],[-106.321165,40.999123],[-106.217573,40.997734],[-106.190554,40.997607]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Colorado\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a62e4b07f02db636538","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindskov, K.L.","contributorId":91077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindskov","given":"K.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kimball, Briant A. bkimball@usgs.gov","contributorId":533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimball","given":"Briant","email":"bkimball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":160724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011629,"text":"70011629 - 1983 - Recent geologic development of Lake Michigan (U.S.A.)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:27","indexId":"70011629","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recent geologic development of Lake Michigan (U.S.A.)","docAbstract":"The stresses placed on Lake Michigan since the advent of industrialization require knowledge of the sedimentology of the whole lake in order to make informed decisions for environmental planning. Sediment accumulation rates are low: areas of the lake receiving the most sediment average only 1 mm a-1; deep-water basins average 0.1 to 0.5 mm a-1; and large areas are not receiving any sediment. Sediment was deposited rapidly (typically 5 mm a-1), in the form of rock flour, during the deglaciation of both Lake Michigan and Lake Superior Basins. Then the rate of accumulation decreased by 80-90% and has remained relatively constant since final deglaciation. Because active sedimentation occurs mostly in the deep water areas of the lake, the sediment remains undisturbed and contains a record of the chemical history of the lake. ?? 1983 Dr W. Junk Publishers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00028451","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Gross, D., and Cahill, R., 1983, Recent geologic development of Lake Michigan (U.S.A.): Hydrobiologia, v. 103, no. 1, p. 193-198, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00028451.","startPage":"193","endPage":"198","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221126,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205088,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00028451"}],"volume":"103","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a961ee4b0c8380cd81df2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gross, D.L.","contributorId":72929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cahill, R.A.","contributorId":66393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahill","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011257,"text":"70011257 - 1983 - Paleohydraulic reconstruction of flash- flood peaks from boulder deposits in the Colorado Front Range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-03T12:32:31.770285","indexId":"70011257","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleohydraulic reconstruction of flash- flood peaks from boulder deposits in the Colorado Front Range","docAbstract":"Nine watersheds in the Colorado Front Range with steep bedrock channels were used to test the accuracy of paleohydraulic reconstruction of large flash floods using boulder deposits. The nine basins consist of eight small ungauged basins ranging in size from 1.6 to 29 km2 and the Big Thompson River at the mouth of the Big Thompson Canyon, draining 790 km2. Between 1923 and 1976, all nine basins had had one catastrophic flash flood, the magnitude of which has been estimated by the conventional slope-area method.
In each basin, coarse boulder deposits of the large flash floods were identified, and three axes of the five largest boulders were measured, along with at least two profiles of the valley cross section. A simple arithmetic average of two theoretical and two empirical relationships was used to estimate average flood velocity using boulder size and shape. Average depth was estimated as the arithmetic average of four values computed from the Manning equation, a regression equation for boulder size and unit stream power, a relative smoothness equation, and a modified Shields' relationship. The appropriate flood width for the estimated average depth was found by iteration, using the valley cross sections.
The paleohydraulic discharges thus computed generally underestimate conventional slope-area discharge estimates on small streams by as much as 75%, although the average amount is only 28% too low, and the reconstructed discharge in one stream was 31% too large. The Big Thompson River flood of 1976 was overestimated by 76%. Reasons for discrepancy in reconstructed peaks could include (1) the possibility that floods may have been able to move boulders larger than those available to be moved; (2) overestimation of the slope-area discharge because high-water marks were set prior to erosion of the channel; (3) underestimation of original roughness coefficients; and (4) macroturbulent effects during fast, deep flows.
The paleohydraulic technique is applied to two other streams in Colorado with sedimentological evidence of large flash floods, but no conventional indirect discharge estimates. A small tributary to the Big Thompson River draining 1.8 km2 has a paleohydraulic reconstructed flood peak of about 60 m3/s from a flood in 1976. Using boulders excavated from a foundation site in Holocene alluvium along Boulder Creek in Boulder, Colorado, a paleohydraulic reconstructed flood peak of between 860 and 1,512 m3/s is calculated. This is 1.4 to 2.4 times the magnitude of the estimated 500-yr flood.