{"pageNumber":"2106","pageRowStart":"52625","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184689,"records":[{"id":70035243,"text":"70035243 - 2009 - Soil and nutrient retention in winter-flooded ricefields with implications for watershed management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70035243","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2456,"text":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soil and nutrient retention in winter-flooded ricefields with implications for watershed management","docAbstract":"The ability of water resources to support aquatic life and human needs depends, in part, on reducing nonpoint source pollution amid contemporary agricultural practices. Winter retention of shallow water on rice and other agricultural fields is an accepted management practice for wildlife conservation; however, soil and water conservation benefits are not well documented. We evaluated the ability of four post-harvest ricefield treatment combinations (stubble-flooded, stubble-open, disked-flooded and disked-open) to abate nonpoint source exports into watersheds of the Mississippi Alluvial Valley. Total suspended solid exports were 1,121 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> (1,000 lb ac<sup>-1</sup>) from disked-open fields where rice stubble was disked after harvest and fields were allowed to drain, compared with 35 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> (31 lb ac<sup>-1</sup>) from stubble-flooded fields where stubble was left standing after harvest and fields captured rainfall from November 1 to March 1. Estimates of total suspended solid exports from ricefields based on Landsat imagery and USDA crop data are 0.43 and 0.40 Mg km<sup>-2</sup> day<sup>-1</sup> in the Big Sunflower and L'Anguille watersheds, respectively. Estimated reductions in total suspended solid exports from ricefields into the Big Sunflower and L'Anguille water-sheds range from 26% to 64% under hypothetical scenarios in which 65% to 100% of the rice production area is managed to capture winter rainfall. Winter ricefield management reduced nonpoint source export by decreasing concentrations of solids and nutrients in, and reducing runoff volume from, ricefields in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2489/jswc.64.3.173","issn":"00224561","usgsCitation":"Manley, S., Kaminski, R., Rodrigue, P., Dewey, J., Schoenholtz, S., Gerard, P., and Reinecke, K.J., 2009, Soil and nutrient retention in winter-flooded ricefields with implications for watershed management: Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, v. 64, no. 3, p. 173-182, https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.64.3.173.","startPage":"173","endPage":"182","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215336,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2489/jswc.64.3.173"},{"id":243131,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b91e9e4b08c986b319b96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manley, S.W.","contributorId":13716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manley","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kaminski, R.M.","contributorId":53330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaminski","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rodrigue, P.B.","contributorId":98559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodrigue","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dewey, J.C.","contributorId":7100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dewey","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schoenholtz, S.H.","contributorId":60178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoenholtz","given":"S.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gerard, P.D.","contributorId":16368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerard","given":"P.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Reinecke, K. J.","contributorId":54537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reinecke","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70034491,"text":"70034491 - 2009 - Estimation of regional-scale groundwater flow properties in the Bengal Basin of India and Bangladesh","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:42","indexId":"70034491","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of regional-scale groundwater flow properties in the Bengal Basin of India and Bangladesh","docAbstract":"Quantitative evaluation of management strategies for long-term supply of safe groundwater for drinking from the Bengal Basin aquifer (India and Bangladesh) requires estimation of the large-scale hydrogeologic properties that control flow. The Basin consists of a stratified, heterogeneous sequence of sediments with aquitards that may separate aquifers locally, but evidence does not support existence of regional confining units. Considered at a large scale, the Basin may be aptly described as a single aquifer with higher horizontal than vertical hydraulic conductivity. Though data are sparse, estimation of regional-scale aquifer properties is possible from three existing data types: hydraulic heads, 14C concentrations, and driller logs. Estimation is carried out with inverse groundwater modeling using measured heads, by model calibration using estimated water ages based on 14C, and by statistical analysis of driller logs. Similar estimates of hydraulic conductivities result from all three data types; a resulting typical value of vertical anisotropy (ratio of horizontal to vertical conductivity) is 104. The vertical anisotropy estimate is supported by simulation of flow through geostatistical fields consistent with driller log data. The high estimated value of vertical anisotropy in hydraulic conductivity indicates that even disconnected aquitards, if numerous, can strongly control the equivalent hydraulic parameters of an aquifer system. ?? US Government 2009.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrogeology Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10040-009-0443-1","issn":"14312174","usgsCitation":"Michael, H., and Voss, C., 2009, Estimation of regional-scale groundwater flow properties in the Bengal Basin of India and Bangladesh: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 17, no. 6, p. 1329-1346, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-009-0443-1.","startPage":"1329","endPage":"1346","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216002,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-009-0443-1"},{"id":243841,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-03-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ba5e4b0c8380cd527f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Michael, H.A.","contributorId":98858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"H.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Voss, C.I.","contributorId":79515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"C.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034263,"text":"70034263 - 2009 - Climate-induced changes in high elevation stream nitrate dynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T16:15:39","indexId":"70034263","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate-induced changes in high elevation stream nitrate dynamics","docAbstract":"Mountain terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems are responsive to external drivers of change, especially climate change and atmospheric deposition of nitrogen (N). We explored the consequences of a temperature-warming trend on stream nitrate in an alpine and subalpine watershed in the Colorado Front Range that has long been the recipient of elevated atmospheric N deposition. Mean annual stream nitrate concentrations since 2000 are higher by 50% than an earlier monitoring period of 1991-1999. Mean annual N export increased by 28% from 2.03 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup>yr<sup>-1</sup> before 2000 to 2.84 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup>yr<sup>-1</sup> in Loch Vale watershed since 2000. The substantial increase in N export comes as a surprise, since mean wet atmospheric N deposition from 1991 to 2006 (3.06 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>) did not increase. There has been a period of below average precipitation from 2000 to 2006 and a steady increase in summer and fall temperatures of 0.12??C yr<sup>-1</sup> in both seasons since 1991. Nitrate concentrations, as well as the weathering products calcium and sulfate, were higher for the period 2000-2006 in rock glacier meltwater at the top of the watershed above the influence of alpine and subalpine vegetation and soils. We conclude the observed recent N increases in Loch Vale are the result of warmer summer and fall mean temperatures that are melting ice in glaciers and rock glaciers. This, in turn, has exposed sediments from which N produced by nitrification can be flushed. We suggest a water quality threshold may have been crossed around 2000. The phenomenon observed in Loch Vale may be indicative of N release from ice features such as rock glaciers worldwide as mountain glaciers retreat. ?? 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global Change Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01847.x","issn":"13541013","usgsCitation":"Baron, J., Schmidt, T., and Hartman, M., 2009, Climate-induced changes in high elevation stream nitrate dynamics: Global Change Biology, v. 15, no. 7, p. 1777-1789, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01847.x.","startPage":"1777","endPage":"1789","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244745,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216849,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01847.x"}],"volume":"15","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f659e4b0c8380cd4c6ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":444978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmidt, T.M.","contributorId":58789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hartman, M.D.","contributorId":7671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartman","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034264,"text":"70034264 - 2009 - Halogen degassing during ascent and eruption of water-poor basaltic magma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-25T12:21:50","indexId":"70034264","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Halogen degassing during ascent and eruption of water-poor basaltic magma","docAbstract":"A study of volcanic gas composition and matrix glass volatile concentrations has allowed a model for halogen degassing to be formulated for K??lauea Volcano, Hawai'i. Volcanic gases emitted during 2004-2005 were characterised by a molar SO<sub>2</sub>/HCl of 10-64, with a mean of 33; and a molar HF/HCl of 0-5, with a mean of 1.0 (from approximately 2500 measurements). The HF/HCl ratio was more variable than the SO<sub>2</sub>/HCl ratio, and the two correlate weakly. Variations in ratio took place over rapid timescales (seconds). Matrix glasses of Pele's tears erupted in 2006 have a mean S, Cl and F content of 67, 85 and 173??ppm respectively, but are associated with a large range in S/F. A model is developed that describes the open system degassing of halogens from parental magmas, using the glass data from this study, previously published results and parameterisation of sulphur degassing from previous work. The results illustrate that halogen degassing takes place at pressures of &lt; 1??MPa, equivalent to &lt; ~ 35??m in the conduit. Fluid-melt partition coefficients for Cl and F are low (&lt; 1.5); F only degasses appreciably at &lt; 0.1??MPa above atmospheric pressure, virtually at the top of the magma column. This model reproduces the volcanic gas data and other observations of volcanic activity well and is consistent with other studies of halogen degassing from basaltic magmas. The model suggests that variation in volcanic gas halogen ratios is caused by exsolution and gas-melt separation at low pressures in the conduit. There is no evidence that either diffusive fractionation or near-vent chemical reactions involving halogens is important in the system, although these processes cannot be ruled out. The fluxes of HCl and HF from K??lauea during 2004-5 were ~ 25 and 12??t/d respectively. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.09.022","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Edmonds, M., Gerlach, T., and Herd, R.A., 2009, Halogen degassing during ascent and eruption of water-poor basaltic magma: Chemical Geology, v. 263, no. 1-4, p. 122-130, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.09.022.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"122","endPage":"130","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-012286","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244746,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216850,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.09.022"}],"volume":"263","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2f5ce4b0c8380cd5cd15","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edmonds, M.","contributorId":43547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edmonds","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gerlach, T.M.","contributorId":38713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerlach","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Herd, Richard A.","contributorId":95663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herd","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034265,"text":"70034265 - 2009 - Broadening our approaches to studying dispersal in raptors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:45","indexId":"70034265","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Broadening our approaches to studying dispersal in raptors","docAbstract":"Dispersal is a behavioral process having consequences for individual fitness and population dynamics. Recent advances in technology have spawned new theoretical examinations and empirical studies of the dispersal process in birds, providing opportunities for examining how this information may be applied to studies of the dispersal process in raptors. Many raptors are the focus of conservation efforts; thus, reliable data on all aspects of a species' population dynamics, including dispersal distances, movement rates, and mortality rates of dispersers, are required for population viability analyses that are increasingly used to inform management. Here, we address emerging issues and novel approaches used in the study of avian dispersal, and provide suggestions to consider when developing and implementing studies of dispersal in raptors. Clarifying study objectives is essential for selection of an appropriate methodology and sample size needed to obtain accurate estimates of movement distances and rates. Identifying an appropriate study-area size will allow investigators to avoid underestimating population connectivity and important population parameters. Because nomadic individuals of some species use temporary settling areas or home ranges before breeding, identification of these areas is critical for conservation efforts focusing on habitats other than breeding sites. Study designs for investigating raptor dispersal also should include analysis of environmental and social factors influencing dispersal, to improve our understanding of condition-dependent dispersal strategies. Finally, we propose a terminology for use in describing the variety of movements associated with dispersal behavior in raptors, and we suggest this terminology could be used consistently to facilitate comparisons among studies. ?? 2009 The Raptor Research Foundation, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Raptor Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3356/JRR-08-33.1","issn":"08921016","usgsCitation":"Morrison, J.L., and Wood, P., 2009, Broadening our approaches to studying dispersal in raptors: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 43, no. 2, p. 81-89, https://doi.org/10.3356/JRR-08-33.1.","startPage":"81","endPage":"89","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476211,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3356/jrr-08-33.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":216881,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3356/JRR-08-33.1"},{"id":244779,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f288e4b0c8380cd4b225","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morrison, J. L.","contributorId":28012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrison","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, P.B. 0000-0002-8575-1705","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8575-1705","contributorId":103992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"P.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035245,"text":"70035245 - 2009 - Field camp: Using traditional methods to train the next generation of petroleum geologists","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70035245","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field camp: Using traditional methods to train the next generation of petroleum geologists","docAbstract":"The summer field camp experience provides many students with their best opportunity to learn the scientific process by making observations and collecting, recording, evaluating, and interpreting geologic data. Field school projects enhance student professional development by requiring cooperation and interpersonal interaction, report writing to communicate interpretations, and the development of project management skills to achieve a common goal. The field school setting provides students with the opportunity to observe geologic features and their spatial distribution, size, and shape that will impact the student's future careers as geoscientists. The Les Huston Geology Field Camp (a.k.a. Oklahoma Geology Camp) near Ca??on City, Colorado, focuses on time-tested traditional methods of geological mapping and fieldwork to accomplish these goals. The curriculum consists of an introduction to field techniques (pacing, orienteering, measuring strike and dip, and using a Jacob's staff), sketching outcrops, section measuring (one illustrating facies changes), three mapping exercises (of increasing complexity), and a field geophysics project. Accurate rock and contact descriptions are emphasized, and attitudes and contacts are mapped in the field. Mapping is done on topographic maps at 1:12,000 and 1:6000 scales; air photos are provided. Global positioning system (GPS)-assisted mapping is allowed, but we insist that locations be recorded in the field and confirmed using visual observations. The course includes field trips to the Cripple Creek and Leadville mining districts, Floris-sant/Guffey volcano area, Pikes Peak batholith, and the Denver Basin. Each field trip is designed to emphasize aspects of geology that are not stressed in the field exercises. Students are strongly encouraged to accurately describe geologic features and gather evidence to support their interpretations of the geologic history. Concise reports are a part of each major exercise. Students are grouped into teams to (1) introduce the team concept and develop interpersonal skills that are fundamental components of many professions, (2) ensure safety, and (3) mix students with varying academic backgrounds and physical strengths. This approach has advantages and disadvantages. Students with academic strengths in specific areas assist those with less experience, thereby becoming engaged in the teaching process. However, some students contribute less to fi nal map projects than others, and assigning grades to individual team members can be diffi cult. The greatest challenges we face involve group dynamics and student personalities. We continue to believe that traditional fi eld methods, aided by (but not relying upon) new technologies, are the key to constructing and/or interpreting geologic maps. The requirement that students document fi eld evidence using careful observations teaches skills that will be benefi cial throughout their professional careers. ??2009 The Geological Society of America. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2009.2461(03)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Puckette, J., and Suneson, N., 2009, Field camp: Using traditional methods to train the next generation of petroleum geologists: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 461, p. 25-34, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.2461(03).","startPage":"25","endPage":"34","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215368,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2009.2461(03)"},{"id":243165,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"461","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0fa6e4b0c8380cd53981","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Puckette, J.O.","contributorId":87386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puckette","given":"J.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Suneson, N.H.","contributorId":96110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suneson","given":"N.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034187,"text":"70034187 - 2009 - Differential phytosociological interactions involving male and female atriplex bonnevillensis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:46","indexId":"70034187","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differential phytosociological interactions involving male and female atriplex bonnevillensis","docAbstract":"Wind-pollinated dioecious plants often exhibit spatial segregation of the sexes. This partial niche separation has most often been explored using abiotic niche axes. However, if the sexes are truly separated in space, then they are apt to encounter different plant species that may heavily affect growth and reproduction. Also, to the extent that their niches differ, the sexes may respond differently to the same co-occurring species. Here we examine interspecific interactions that influence male and female reproductive potential in Atriplex bonnevillensis. Using Emlen's interaction assessment, a technique which assesses species interactions based on cover classes, we show that Salsola species compete significantly with females but not males, while Halogeton glomeratus competes with males but not females. The effect of competition only became apparent when we corrected for site-specific fertility. These results imply that differential competition must be considered when studying dioecious plants that display spatial segregation of the sexes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Western North American Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3398/064.069.0407","issn":"15270904","usgsCitation":"Sinclair, J., Emlen, J., Rinella, M., Snelgrove, J., and Freeman, D., 2009, Differential phytosociological interactions involving male and female atriplex bonnevillensis: Western North American Naturalist, v. 69, no. 4, p. 475-480, https://doi.org/10.3398/064.069.0407.","startPage":"475","endPage":"480","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":502636,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/wnan/vol69/iss4/7","text":"External Repository"},{"id":216726,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3398/064.069.0407"},{"id":244612,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00fde4b0c8380cd4fa25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sinclair, J.","contributorId":104733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sinclair","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Emlen, J.M.","contributorId":63979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emlen","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rinella, M.","contributorId":74601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rinella","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Snelgrove, J.","contributorId":41248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snelgrove","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Freeman, D.C.","contributorId":21309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70034180,"text":"70034180 - 2009 - Estimating transition probabilities among everglades wetland communities using multistate models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:46","indexId":"70034180","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating transition probabilities among everglades wetland communities using multistate models","docAbstract":"In this study we were able to provide the first estimates of transition probabilities of wet prairie and slough vegetative communities in Water Conservation Area 3A (WCA3A) of the Florida Everglades and to identify the hydrologic variables that determine these transitions. These estimates can be used in management models aimed at restoring proportions of wet prairie and slough habitats to historical levels in the Everglades. To determine what was driving the transitions between wet prairie and slough communities we evaluated three hypotheses: seasonality, impoundment, and wet and dry year cycles using likelihood-based multistate models to determine the main driver of wet prairie conversion in WCA3A. The most parsimonious model included the effect of wet and dry year cycles on vegetative community conversions. Several ecologists have noted wet prairie conversion in southern WCA3A but these are the first estimates of transition probabilities among these community types. In addition, to being useful for management of the Everglades we believe that our framework can be used to address management questions in other ecosystems. ?? 2009 The Society of Wetland Scientists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1672/09-014S.1","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Hotaling, A., Martin, J., and Kitchens, W., 2009, Estimating transition probabilities among everglades wetland communities using multistate models: Wetlands, v. 29, no. 4, p. 1224-1233, https://doi.org/10.1672/09-014S.1.","startPage":"1224","endPage":"1233","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216606,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1672/09-014S.1"},{"id":244486,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b68e4b0c8380cd526e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hotaling, A.S.","contributorId":102297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hotaling","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, J.","contributorId":18871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kitchens, W.M.","contributorId":87647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kitchens","given":"W.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034156,"text":"70034156 - 2009 - The great 2006 heat wave over California and Nevada: Signal of an increasing trend","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:45","indexId":"70034156","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2216,"text":"Journal of Climate","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The great 2006 heat wave over California and Nevada: Signal of an increasing trend","docAbstract":"Most of the great California-Nevada heat waves can be classified into primarily daytime or nighttime events depending on whether atmospheric conditions are dry or humid. A rash of nighttime-accentuated events in the last decade was punctuated by an unusually intense case in July 2006, which was the largest heat wave on record (1948-2006). Generally, there is a positive trend in heat wave activity over the entire region that is expressed most strongly and clearly in nighttime rather than daytime temperature extremes. This trend in nighttime heat wave activity has intensified markedly since the 1980s and especially since 2000. The two most recent nighttime heat waves were also strongly expressed in extreme daytime temperatures. Circulations associated with great regional heat waves advect hot air into the region. This air can be dry or moist, depending on whether a moisture source is available, causing heat waves to be expressed preferentially during day or night. A remote moisture source centered within a marine region west of Baja California has been increasing in prominence because of gradual sea surface warming and a related increase in atmospheric humidity. Adding to the very strong synoptic dynamics during the 2006 heat wave were a prolonged stream of moisture from this southwestern source and, despite the heightened humidity, an environment in which afternoon convection was suppressed, keeping cloudiness low and daytime temperatures high. The relative contributions of these factors and possible relations to global warming are discussed. ?? 2009 American Meteorological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Climate","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1175/2009JCLI2465.1","issn":"08948755","usgsCitation":"Gershunov, A., Cayan, D., and Iacobellis, S., 2009, The great 2006 heat wave over California and Nevada: Signal of an increasing trend: Journal of Climate, v. 22, no. 23, p. 6181-6203, https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JCLI2465.1.","startPage":"6181","endPage":"6203","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216758,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009JCLI2465.1"},{"id":244645,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bac98e4b08c986b3235e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gershunov, A.","contributorId":6222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gershunov","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cayan, D.R.","contributorId":25961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":444356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Iacobellis, S.F.","contributorId":26160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iacobellis","given":"S.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034289,"text":"70034289 - 2009 - Ecology and the ratchet of events: Climate variability, niche dimensions, and species distributions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:46","indexId":"70034289","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Ecology and the ratchet of events: Climate variability, niche dimensions, and species distributions","docAbstract":"Climate change in the coming centuries will be characterized by interannual, decadal, and multidecadal fluctuations superimposed on anthropogenic trends. Predicting ecological and biogeographic responses to these changes constitutes an immense challenge for ecologists. Perspectives from climatic and ecological history indicate that responses will be laden with contingencies, resulting from episodic climatic events interacting with demographic and colonization events. This effect is compounded by the dependency of environmental sensitivity upon life-stage for many species. Climate variables often used in empirical niche models may become decoupled from the proximal variables that directly influence individuals and populations. Greater predictive capacity, and morefundamental ecological and biogeographic understanding, will come from integration of correlational niche modeling with mechanistic niche modeling, dynamic ecological modeling, targeted experiments, and systematic observations of past and present patterns and dynamics.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","language":"English","doi":"10.1073/pnas.0901644106","issn":"00278424","usgsCitation":"Jackson, S., Betancourt, J., Booth, R., and Gray, S., 2009, Ecology and the ratchet of events: Climate variability, niche dimensions, and species distributions, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 106, no. SUPPL. 2, p. 19685-19692, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0901644106.","startPage":"19685","endPage":"19692","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476235,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2780932","text":"External Repository"},{"id":216734,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0901644106"},{"id":244620,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"SUPPL. 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-11-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a056ce4b0c8380cd50dc5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jackson, S.T.","contributorId":90072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"S.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Betancourt, J.L. 0000-0002-7165-0743","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":87505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":445101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Booth, R.K.","contributorId":47122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Booth","given":"R.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gray, S.T.","contributorId":19680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"S.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034293,"text":"70034293 - 2009 - Comparing approaches for simulating the reactive transport of U(VI) in ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-05T10:16:12","indexId":"70034293","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2745,"text":"Mine Water and the Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparing approaches for simulating the reactive transport of U(VI) in ground water","docAbstract":"<p><span>The reactive transport of U(VI) in a well-characterized shallow alluvial aquifer at a former U(VI) mill located near Naturita, CO, was predicted for comparative purposes using a surface complexation model (SCM) and a constant&nbsp;</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">K</i><span>&nbsp;</span><sub>d</sub><span>&nbsp;approach to simulate U(VI) adsorption. The ground water at the site had U(VI) concentrations that ranged from 0.01 to 20&nbsp;µM, alkalinities that ranged from 2.5 to 18&nbsp;meq/L, and a nearly constant pH of 7.1. The SCM used to simulate U(VI) adsorption was previously determined independently using laboratory batch adsorption experiments. Simulations obtained using the SCM approach were compared with simulations that used a constant&nbsp;</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">K</i><span>&nbsp;</span><sub>d</sub><span>&nbsp;approach to simulate adsorption using previously determined site-specific&nbsp;</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">K</i><span>&nbsp;</span><sub>d</sub><span>&nbsp;values. In both cases, the ground water flow and transport models used a conceptual model that was previously calibrated to a chloride plume present at the site. Simulations with the SCM approach demonstrated that the retardation factor varied temporally and spatially because of the differential transport of alkalinity and dissolved U(VI) and the nonlinearity of the U(VI) adsorption. The SCM model also simulated a prolonged slow decline in U(VI) concentration, which was not simulated using a constant&nbsp;</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">K</i><span>&nbsp;</span><sub>d</sub><span>&nbsp;model. Simulations using the SCM approach and the constant&nbsp;</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">K</i><span>&nbsp;</span><sub>d</sub><span>&nbsp;approach were similar after 20&nbsp;years of transport but diverged significantly after 60&nbsp;years. The simulations demonstrate the need for site-specific geochemical information on U(VI) adsorption to produce credible simulations of future transport.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10230-009-0064-x","issn":"10259112","usgsCitation":"Curtis, G., Kohler, M., and Davis, J., 2009, Comparing approaches for simulating the reactive transport of U(VI) in ground water: Mine Water and the Environment, v. 28, no. 2, p. 84-93, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-009-0064-x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"84","endPage":"93","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":216793,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10230-009-0064-x"},{"id":244685,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-02-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f831e4b0c8380cd4cf2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Curtis, G.P.","contributorId":65619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtis","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kohler, M.","contributorId":32694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kohler","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034294,"text":"70034294 - 2009 - Using geometrical, textural, and contextual information of land parcels for classification of detailed urban land use","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:46","indexId":"70034294","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":797,"text":"Annals of the Association of American Geographers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using geometrical, textural, and contextual information of land parcels for classification of detailed urban land use","docAbstract":"Detailed urban land use data are important to government officials, researchers, and businesspeople for a variety of purposes. This article presents an approach to classifying detailed urban land use based on geometrical, textural, and contextual information of land parcels. An area of 6 by 14 km in Austin, Texas, with land parcel boundaries delineated by the Travis Central Appraisal District of Travis County, Texas, is tested for the approach. We derive fifty parcel attributes from relevant geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing data and use them to discriminate among nine urban land uses: single family, multifamily, commercial, office, industrial, civic, open space, transportation, and undeveloped. Half of the 33,025 parcels in the study area are used as training data for land use classification and the other half are used as testing data for accuracy assessment. The best result with a decision tree classification algorithm has an overall accuracy of 96 percent and a kappa coefficient of 0.78, and two naive, baseline models based on the majority rule and the spatial autocorrelation rule have overall accuracy of 89 percent and 79 percent, respectively. The algorithm is relatively good at classifying single-family, multifamily, commercial, open space, and undeveloped land uses and relatively poor at classifying office, industrial, civic, and transportation land uses. The most important attributes for land use classification are the geometrical attributes, particularly those related to building areas. Next are the contextual attributes, particularly those relevant to the spatial relationship between buildings, then the textural attributes, particularly the semivariance texture statistic from 0.61-m resolution images.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Annals of the Association of American Geographers","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1080/00045600802459028","issn":"00045608","usgsCitation":"Wu, S., Qiu, X., Usery, E., and Wang, L., 2009, Using geometrical, textural, and contextual information of land parcels for classification of detailed urban land use: Annals of the Association of American Geographers, v. 99, no. 1, p. 76-98, https://doi.org/10.1080/00045600802459028.","startPage":"76","endPage":"98","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216822,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00045600802459028"},{"id":244717,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc055e4b08c986b32a078","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wu, S.-S.","contributorId":51714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"S.-S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Qiu, X.","contributorId":73422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qiu","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Usery, E.L.","contributorId":45355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Usery","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wang, L.","contributorId":76904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034295,"text":"70034295 - 2009 - A mactrid bivalve from pleistocene deposits of Lake Russell, Mono Basin, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-15T08:35:01","indexId":"70034295","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2412,"text":"Journal of Paleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A mactrid bivalve from pleistocene deposits of Lake Russell, Mono Basin, California","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Paleontology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1666/08-132.1","issn":"00223360","usgsCitation":"Hershler, R., and Jayko, A.S., 2009, A mactrid bivalve from pleistocene deposits of Lake Russell, Mono Basin, California: Journal of Paleontology, v. 83, no. 3, p. 496-499, https://doi.org/10.1666/08-132.1.","startPage":"496","endPage":"499","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216823,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1666/08-132.1"},{"id":244718,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"83","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e443e4b0c8380cd46534","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hershler, R.","contributorId":33553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hershler","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jayko, A. S. 0000-0002-7378-0330","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7378-0330","contributorId":18011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jayko","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034155,"text":"70034155 - 2009 - International year of planet earth 7. Oceans, submarine land-slides and consequent tsunamis in Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:45","indexId":"70034155","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1813,"text":"Geoscience Canada","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"International year of planet earth 7. Oceans, submarine land-slides and consequent tsunamis in Canada","docAbstract":"Canada has the longest coastline and largest continental margin of any nation in the World. As a result, it is more likely than other nations to experience marine geohazards such as submarine landslides and consequent tsunamis. Coastal landslides represent a specific threat because of their possible proximity to societal infrastructure and high tsunami potential; they occur without warning and with little time lag between failure and tsunami impact. Continental margin landslides are common in the geologic record but rare on human timescales. Some ancient submarine landslides are massive but more recent events indicate that even relatively small slides on continental margins can generate devastating tsunamis. Tsunami impact can occur hundreds of km away from the source event, and with less than 2 hours warning. Identification of high-potential submarine landslide regions, combined with an understanding of landslide and tsunami processes and sophisticated tsunami propagation models, are required to identify areas at high risk of impact.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geoscience Canada","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03150941","usgsCitation":"Mosher, D.C., 2009, International year of planet earth 7. Oceans, submarine land-slides and consequent tsunamis in Canada: Geoscience Canada, v. 36, no. 4, p. 179-190.","startPage":"179","endPage":"190","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244644,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3d49e4b0c8380cd6344e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mosher, D. C.","contributorId":57689,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mosher","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70034151,"text":"70034151 - 2009 - Effects of megascale eruptions on Earth and Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:45","indexId":"70034151","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of megascale eruptions on Earth and Mars","docAbstract":"Volcanic features are common on geologically active earthlike planets. Megascale or \"super\" eruptions involving &gt;1000 Gt of magma have occurred on both Earth and Mars in the geologically recent past, introducing prodigious volumes of ash and volcanic gases into the atmosphere. Here we discuss felsic (explosive) and mafi c (flood lava) supereruptions and their potential atmospheric and environmental effects on both planets. On Earth, felsic supereruptions recur on average about every 100-200,000 years and our present knowledge of the 73.5 ka Toba eruption implies that such events can have the potential to be catastrophic to human civilization. A future eruption of this type may require an unprecedented response from humankind to assure the continuation of civilization as we know it. Mafi c supereruptions have resulted in atmospheric injection of volcanic gases (especially SO<sub>2</sub>) and may have played a part in punctuating the history of life on Earth. The contrast between the more sustained effects of flood basalt eruptions (decades to centuries) and the near-instantaneous effects of large impacts (months to years) is worthy of more detailed study than has been completed to date. Products of mafi c supereruptions, signifi cantly larger than known from the geologic record on Earth, are well preserved on Mars. The volatile emissions from these eruptions most likely had global dispersal, but the effects may not have been outside what Mars endures even in the absence of volcanic eruptions. This is testament to the extreme variability of the current Martian atmosphere: situations that would be considered catastrophic on Earth are the norm on Mars. ?? 2009 The Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2009.453(04)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Thordarson, T., Rampino, M., Keszthelyi, L.P., and Self, S., 2009, Effects of megascale eruptions on Earth and Mars: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 453, p. 37-53, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.453(04).","startPage":"37","endPage":"53","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244609,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216723,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2009.453(04)"}],"issue":"453","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a075be4b0c8380cd51664","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thordarson, T.","contributorId":94501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thordarson","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rampino, M.","contributorId":72618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rampino","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keszthelyi, L. P.","contributorId":9291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keszthelyi","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Self, S.","contributorId":101821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Self","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034131,"text":"70034131 - 2009 - In situ video observations of two manefishes (perciformes: Caristiidae) in the mesopelagic zone of the northern Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-06T14:22:54","indexId":"70034131","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1337,"text":"Copeia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In situ video observations of two manefishes (perciformes: Caristiidae) in the mesopelagic zone of the northern Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"This paper describes direct video observations of two manefishes, likely Paracaristius sp., from the mesopelagic waters of the north-central Gulf of Mexico. One fish was observed with a remotely operated vehicle at a depth of 829 m by an industrial ROV as part of the SERPENT Project. The second was observed at 496 m from a manned submersible. Little is known about the behavior of manefishes because most records result from net-collected material. Our observation demonstrates that manefishes are capable of precise locomotory and posture control using extended, erect fins and that the pelvic fins of these fishes are extended in a parachute-like manner. Moreover, one of the specimens exhibited an unusual vertical, sinusoidal oscillation of its caudal fin. One of the observations took place in association with a physonect siphonophore. These observations may include the deepest published record for a manefish in the Gulf of Mexico.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Copeia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists","doi":"10.1643/CI-08-126","issn":"00458511","usgsCitation":"Benfield, M., Caruso, J.H., and Sulak, K., 2009, In situ video observations of two manefishes (perciformes: Caristiidae) in the mesopelagic zone of the northern Gulf of Mexico: Copeia, v. 4, p. 637-641, https://doi.org/10.1643/CI-08-126.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"637","endPage":"641","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244804,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216903,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1643/CI-08-126"}],"otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.9,18.2 ], [ -97.9,30.4 ], [ -81.0,30.4 ], [ -81.0,18.2 ], [ -97.9,18.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39b0e4b0c8380cd619ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benfield, M.C.","contributorId":104309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benfield","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caruso, John H.","contributorId":58098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caruso","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sulak, K. J. 0000-0002-4795-9310","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4795-9310","contributorId":76690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sulak","given":"K. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034130,"text":"70034130 - 2009 - Distribution and postbreeding environmental relationships of Northern leopard frogs (Rana [Lithobates] pipiens) in Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:44","indexId":"70034130","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and postbreeding environmental relationships of Northern leopard frogs (Rana [Lithobates] pipiens) in Washington","docAbstract":"Northern leopard frogs (Rana [Lithobates] pipiens) are considered sensitive, threatened, or endangered in all western states and western Canadian provinces. Historically present in eastern Washington in 6 major river drainages, leopard frogs are now only known to occur at 2 localized areas in the Crab Creek drainage in Grant County. During the summers of 2002-2005, we surveyed both areas to document extent of leopard frog distributions and to describe habitat and vertebrate community characteristics associated with leopard frog site occupancy. At Gloyd Seeps, 2 juvenile leopard frogs were observed in a total of 8.2 person-days of searching along a 5-km stream reach. At Potholes Reservoir, we surveyed 243 wetland sites in 7 management units known to have been occupied by leopard frogs during the 1980s. We confirmed leopard frog presence at only 87 sites (36%) in 4 management units. Site occupancy models for individual ponds indicated that, compared to unoccupied sites, occupied sites had slightly greater pond depths, less tall emergent vegetation, more herbaceous vegetative cover, and fewer neighboring ponds containing nonnative predatory fish. Models developed at the 1-km2 scale indicated that occupied areas had greater average midsummer pond depths, fewer ponds occupied by bullfrogs (Rana [Lithobates] catesbeiana) and carp (Cyprinus carpio), and more herbaceous vegetation surrounding ponds. The Gloyd Seeps population now appears defunct, and the Potholes Reservoir population is in sharp decline. Unless management actions are taken to reduce nonnative fish and bullfrogs and to enhance wetland vegetation, leopard frogs may soon be extirpated from both sites and possibly, therefore, from Washington.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Western North American Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3398/064.069.0413","issn":"15270904","usgsCitation":"Germaine, S., and Hays, D., 2009, Distribution and postbreeding environmental relationships of Northern leopard frogs (Rana [Lithobates] pipiens) in Washington: Western North American Naturalist, v. 69, no. 4, p. 537-547, https://doi.org/10.3398/064.069.0413.","startPage":"537","endPage":"547","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":502637,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/wnan/vol69/iss4/13","text":"External Repository"},{"id":216873,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3398/064.069.0413"},{"id":244771,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a029ce4b0c8380cd50116","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Germaine, S.S.","contributorId":101525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Germaine","given":"S.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hays, D.W.","contributorId":70967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hays","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70230297,"text":"70230297 - 2009 - Osprey: Worldwide sentinel species for assessing and monitoring environmental contamination in rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and estuaries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-06T16:40:32.981201","indexId":"70230297","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T11:40:03","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2484,"text":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B: Critical Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Osprey: Worldwide sentinel species for assessing and monitoring environmental contamination in rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and estuaries","docAbstract":"<p><span>In the United States, many fish and wildlife species have been used nationwide to monitor environmental contaminant exposure and effects, including carcasses of the bald eagle (</span><i>Haliaeetus leucocephalus</i><span>), the only top avian predator regularly used in the past. Unfortunately, bald eagles are sensitive to investigator intrusion at the nest. Thus, the osprey (</span><i>Pandion haliaetus</i><span>) is evaluated as a potential sentinel species for aquatic ecosystems. Several characteristics support the choice of the osprey as a sentinel species, including: (1) fish-eating diet atop the aquatic food web, (2) long-lived with strong nest fidelity, (3) adapts to human landscapes (potentially the most contaminated), (4) tolerates short-term nest disturbance, (5) nests spatially distributed at regular intervals, (6) highly visible nests easily located for study, (7) ability to accumulate most, if not all, lipophilic contaminants, (8) known sensitivity to many contaminants, and (9) nearly a worldwide distribution. These osprey traits have been instrumental in successfully using the species to understand population distribution, abundance, and changes over time; the effects of various contaminants on reproductive success; how contaminants in prey (fish on biomass basis) contribute to egg concentrations (i.e., biomagnification factors); and spatial residue patterns. Data summarized include nesting population surveys, detailed nesting studies, and chemical analyses of osprey egg, organ, blood, and feather samples for contaminants that bioaccumulate and/or biomagnify in aquatic food webs; and biochemical evaluations of blood and various organs. Studies in the United States, Canada, Mexico, Europe, and elsewhere have shown the osprey to be a useful sentinel species for monitoring selected environmental contaminants, including some emerging contaminants in lakes, reservoirs, rivers, and estuaries.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10937400802545078","usgsCitation":"Grove, R.A., Henny, C.J., and Kaiser, J.L., 2009, Osprey: Worldwide sentinel species for assessing and monitoring environmental contamination in rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and estuaries: Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B: Critical Reviews, v. 12, no. 1, p. 25-44, https://doi.org/10.1080/10937400802545078.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"44","costCenters":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":398229,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grove, Robert A.","contributorId":52134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grove","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":839910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henny, Charles J. 0000-0001-7474-350X hennyc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7474-350X","contributorId":3461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"hennyc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":839911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kaiser, James L.","contributorId":57033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaiser","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":839912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70273165,"text":"70273165 - 2009 - Wide-area estimates of saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) evapotranspiration on the lower Colorado River measured by heat balance and remote sensing methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-17T16:36:20.593727","indexId":"70273165","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-16T10:28:02","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1447,"text":"Ecohydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Wide-area estimates of saltcedar (<i>Tamarix</i> spp.) evapotranspiration on the lower Colorado River measured by heat balance and remote sensing methods","title":"Wide-area estimates of saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) evapotranspiration on the lower Colorado River measured by heat balance and remote sensing methods","docAbstract":"<p><span>In many places along the lower Colorado River, saltcedar (</span><i>Tamarix</i><span>&nbsp;spp) has replaced the native shrubs and trees, including arrowweed, mesquite, cottonwood and willows. Some have advocated that by removing saltcedar, we could save water and create environments more favourable to these native species. To test these assumptions we compared sap flux measurements of water used by native species in contrast to saltcedar, and compared soil salinity, ground water depth and soil moisture across a gradient of 200–1500 m from the river's edge on a floodplain terrace at Cibola National Wildlife Refuge (CNWR). We found that the fraction of land covered (</span><i>f</i><sub>c</sub><span>) with vegetation in 2005–2007 was similar to that occupied by native vegetation in 1938 using satellite-derived estimates and reprocessed aerial photographs scaled to comparable spatial resolutions (3–4 m). We converted&nbsp;</span><i>f</i><sub>c</sub><span>&nbsp;to estimates of leaf area index (LAI) through point sampling and destructive analyses (</span><i>r</i><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;= 0·82). Saltcedar LAI averaged 2·54 with an&nbsp;</span><i>f</i><sub>c</sub><span>&nbsp;of 0·80, and reached a maximum of 3·7 with an&nbsp;</span><i>f</i><sub>c</sub><span>&nbsp;of 0·95. The ranges in&nbsp;</span><i>f</i><sub>c</sub><span>&nbsp;and LAI are similar to those reported for native vegetation elsewhere and from the 1938 photographs over the study site. On-site measurements of water use and soil and aquifer properties confirmed that although saltcedar grows in areas where salinity has increased much better than native shrubs and trees, rates of transpiration are similar. Annual water use over CNWR was about 1·15 m year</span><sup>−1</sup><span>.&nbsp;</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/eco.35","usgsCitation":"Nagler, P.L., Morino, K., Didan, K., Erker, J., Osterberg, J., Hultine, K.R., and Glenn, E., 2009, Wide-area estimates of saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) evapotranspiration on the lower Colorado River measured by heat balance and remote sensing methods: Ecohydrology, v. 2, no. 1, p. 18-33, https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.35.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"18","endPage":"33","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":497646,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California","otherGeospatial":"Cibola National Wildlife Refuge, lower Colorado River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.63516108481522,\n              33.36083249933965\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.74705722768329,\n              33.36083249933965\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.74705722768329,\n              33.15532370977883\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.63516108481522,\n              33.15532370977883\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.63516108481522,\n              33.36083249933965\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nagler, Pamela L. 0000-0003-0674-103X pnagler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":1398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"Pamela","email":"pnagler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":952564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morino, Kiyomi","contributorId":78210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morino","given":"Kiyomi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":952565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Didan, Kamel","contributorId":130999,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Didan","given":"Kamel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7204,"text":"University of Arizona, Electrical and Computer Engineering","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":952566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Erker, J.","contributorId":35118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erker","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":952567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Osterberg, John","contributorId":179107,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Osterberg","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":952568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hultine, Kevin R. 0000-0001-9747-6037","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9747-6037","contributorId":23772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hultine","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":952569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Glenn, Edward P.","contributorId":56542,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glenn","given":"Edward P.","affiliations":[{"id":13060,"text":"Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":952570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70161751,"text":"70161751 - 2009 - Mapping and monitoring Mt. Graham Red Squirrel habitat with GIS and thematic mapper imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-28T14:58:32","indexId":"70161751","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Mapping and monitoring Mt. Graham Red Squirrel habitat with GIS and thematic mapper imagery","docAbstract":"<p><span>To estimate the Mt. Graham red squirrel (MGRS) population, personnel visit a proportion of middens each year to determine their occupancy (Snow in this vol.). The method results in very tight confidence intervals (high precision), but the accuracy of the population estimate is dependent upon knowing where all the middens are located. I hypothesized that there might be areas outside the survey boundary that contained Mt. Graham red squirrel middens, but the ruggedness of the Pinaleno Mountains made mountain-wide surveys difficult. Therefore, I started exploring development of a spatially explicit (geographic information system [GIS]-based) habitat model in 1998 that could identify MGRS habitat remotely with satellite imagery and a GIS. A GIS-based model would also allow us to assess changes in MGRS habitat between two time periods because Landsat passes over the same location every 16 days, imaging the earth in 185 km swaths (Aronoff 1989). Specifically, the objectives of this analysis were to (1) develop a pattern recognition model for MGRS habitat, (2) map potential (predicted/modeled) MGRS habitat, (3) identify changes in potential MGRS habitat between 1993 and 2003, and (4) evaluate the current location of the MGRS survey boundary.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Last Refuge of the Mt. Graham Red Squirrel","language":"English","publisher":"The University of Arizona Press","publisherLocation":"Tuscon, AR","usgsCitation":"Hatten, J.R., and Koprowski, J., 2009, Mapping and monitoring Mt. Graham Red Squirrel habitat with GIS and thematic mapper imagery, chap. <i>of</i> The Last Refuge of the Mt. Graham Red Squirrel, p. 170-184.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"170","endPage":"184","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":313841,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":313839,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.uapress.arizona.edu/Books/bid2085.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Pinaleno Moutnains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.08712768554688,\n              32.816132537537115\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.12969970703125,\n              32.7872745269555\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.13656616210938,\n              32.74801260358348\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.06790161132812,\n              32.68446402087723\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.9566650390625,\n              32.63012300670739\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.90585327148438,\n              32.590791901737916\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.87701416015624,\n              32.53986719301091\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.85504150390625,\n              32.465743313283596\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.80148315429688,\n              32.43213582305027\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.70809936523438,\n              32.439090125173585\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.71908569335938,\n              32.498180028410744\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.6929931640625,\n              32.501654697288004\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.69848632812499,\n              32.5873206809137\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.73419189453125,\n              32.69255453660822\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.8028564453125,\n              32.76418137510082\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.87152099609375,\n              32.79651010951669\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.02395629882812,\n              32.82767311846155\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.05966186523438,\n              32.82305706600969\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.08712768554688,\n              32.816132537537115\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"568cf747e4b0e7a44bc0f176","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Sanderson, H. Reed","contributorId":152043,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sanderson","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"Reed","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":587647,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koprowski, John L.","contributorId":20057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koprowski","given":"John L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":587648,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Hatten, James R. 0000-0003-4676-8093 jhatten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4676-8093","contributorId":3431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatten","given":"James","email":"jhatten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":587646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koprowski, John L.","contributorId":20057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koprowski","given":"John L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70230339,"text":"70230339 - 2009 - A Miocene to Pleistocene climate and elevation record of the Sierra Nevada (California)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-07T15:00:21.020997","indexId":"70230339","displayToPublicDate":"2008-05-13T09:53:37","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2982,"text":"PNAS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A Miocene to Pleistocene climate and elevation record of the Sierra Nevada (California)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Orographic precipitation of Pacific-sourced moisture creates a rain shadow across the central part of the Sierra Nevada (California) that contrasts with the southern part of the range, where seasonal monsoonal precipitation sourced to the south obscures this rain shadow effect. Orographic rainout systematically lowers the hydrogen isotope composition of precipitation (δ</span><i>D</i><sub>ppt</sub><span>) and therefore δ</span><i>D</i><sub>ppt</sub><span>&nbsp;reflects a measure of the magnitude of the rain shadow. Hydrogen isotope compositions of volcanic glass (δ</span><i>D</i><sub>glass</sub><span>) hydrated at the earth's surface provide a unique opportunity to track the elevation and precipitation history of the Sierra Nevada and adjacent Basin and Range Province. Analysis of 67 well dated volcanic glass samples from widespread volcanic ash-fall deposits located from the Pacific coast to the Basin and Range Province demonstrates that between 0.6 and 12.1 Ma the hydrogen isotope compositions of meteoric water displayed a large (&gt;40‰) decrease from the windward to the leeward side of the central Sierra Nevada, consistent with the existence of a rain shadow of modern magnitude over that time. Evidence for a Miocene-to-recent rain shadow of constant magnitude and systematic changes in the longitudinal climate and precipitation patterns strongly suggest that the modern first-order topographic elements of the Sierra Nevada characterized the landscape over at least the last 12 million years.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.1073/pnas.0708811105","usgsCitation":"Mulch, A., Sarna-Wojcicki, A.M., Perkins, M.E., and Chamberlain, C., 2009, A Miocene to Pleistocene climate and elevation record of the Sierra Nevada (California): PNAS, v. 105, no. 19, p. 6819-6824, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0708811105.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"6819","endPage":"6824","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476456,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2383980","text":"External Repository"},{"id":398314,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -115.400390625,\n              35.10193405724606\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.20214843749999,\n              38.39333888832238\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.2236328125,\n              40.56389453066509\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.61865234375,\n              41.47566020027821\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.431640625,\n              40.39676430557203\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.80566406250001,\n              38.496593518947584\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.00390625,\n              36.13787471840729\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.400390625,\n              35.10193405724606\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"105","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mulch, A.","contributorId":289906,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mulch","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":840027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M. 0000-0002-0244-9149 asarna@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0244-9149","contributorId":1046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sarna-Wojcicki","given":"Andrei","email":"asarna@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":840028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Perkins, M. E.","contributorId":92707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":840029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chamberlain, C. P.","contributorId":103841,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chamberlain","given":"C. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":840030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70177143,"text":"70177143 - 2009 - Analysis of vegetation changes in Rock Creek Park, 1991-2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-27T10:22:03","indexId":"70177143","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":54,"text":"Natural Resource Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"NPS/NCR/NCRO/NRTR--2009/001","title":"Analysis of vegetation changes in Rock Creek Park, 1991-2007","docAbstract":"<p>Vegetation data collected at Rock Creek Park every 4 years during 1991-2007 were analyzed for differences among 3 regions within the park and among years. The variables measured and analyzed were percentage of twigs browsed, percentage of canopy cover, species richness of herbaceous plants, number of tree seedlings in each of 7 height classes, tree seedling stocking rate for low deer density and high deer density areas, percentage of tree and shrub cover &lt; 2 m in height, mean diameter at breast height (DBH) of trees &gt; 1 cm DBH, number of tree stems &gt; 1 cm DBH, species richness of trees and shrubs, and mean height of the 5 tallest trees in each plot quadrant. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test for differences and, except for some differences in tree species composition among the 3 regions, no differences (P &gt; 0.01) were found among the 3 regions in the variables discussed above. Many of the variables showed very significant differences (P &lt; 0.01) among years, and causative factors should be investigated further. In addition, importance values were calculated for the 10 most important tree species in each region and changes over time were reported. Future sampling recommendations are also discussed. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Hatfield, J.S., and Krafft, C., 2009, Analysis of vegetation changes in Rock Creek Park, 1991-2007: Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/NCR/NCRO/NRTR--2009/001, iv, 14 p.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p.","numberOfPages":"22","ipdsId":"IP-011502","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329753,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58088689e4b0f497e78e24e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatfield, Jeff S.","contributorId":95187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatfield","given":"Jeff","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":651411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krafft, Cairn ckrafft@usgs.gov","contributorId":3480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krafft","given":"Cairn","email":"ckrafft@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":651412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70176805,"text":"70176805 - 2009 - Partners in Flight research needs assessment summary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-06T12:45:24","indexId":"70176805","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Partners in Flight research needs assessment summary","docAbstract":"<p>An important component of the PIF International Conference in McAllen, TX in February 2008 was the incorporation of a Needs Assessment Process in all of the conference sessions. Throughout the McAllen sessions, a number of critical information gaps were identified, pointing to future research that will be needed to establish bird conservation objectives and accomplish bird conservation goals. This document is a summary of the research needs topics identified in the McAllen sessions, placed in the larger context of PIF research needs information. This summary is not intended to be a comprehensive evaluation of landbird research needs, nor a literature review or synthesis of such research needs and research topics. This report was developed by compiling and organizing the research needs identified in McAllen (Rich et al. 2008) and then placing the needs within the context of other PIF-related documents that have identified research needs.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 4th International Partners in Flight Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"4th International Partners in Flight Conference","conferenceDate":"February 13-16, 2008","conferenceLocation":"McAllen, TX","language":"English","publisher":"Partners in Flight","usgsCitation":"Ruth, J.M., and Rosenberg, K.V., 2009, Partners in Flight research needs assessment summary, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 4th International Partners in Flight Conference, McAllen, TX, February 13-16, 2008, p. 23-33.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"33","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329374,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7c08ae4b0bc0bec09c7df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruth, Janet M. 0000-0003-1576-5957 janet_ruth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1576-5957","contributorId":1408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruth","given":"Janet","email":"janet_ruth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":650380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosenberg, Kenneth V.","contributorId":171463,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rosenberg","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":27615,"text":"Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Conservation Science Program","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":650381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":77408,"text":"sir20065101C - 2009 - Effects of urbanization on the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of small Blackland Prairie streams in and near the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-07T19:45:45.84052","indexId":"sir20065101C","displayToPublicDate":"2006-07-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5101","chapter":"C","title":"Effects of urbanization on the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of small Blackland Prairie streams in and near the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area, Texas","docAbstract":"<p>In 2001, the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment Program began a series of studies in the contiguous United States to examine the effects of urbanization on the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of streams. Small streams in the Texas Blackland Prairie level III ecoregion in and near the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area were the focus of one of the studies. The principal objectives of the study, based on data collected in 2003-04 from 28 subbasins of the Trinity River Basin, were to (1) define a gradient of urbanization for small Blackland Prairie streams in the Trinity River Basin on the basis of a range of urban intensity indexes (UIIs) calculated using land-use/land-cover, infrastructure, and socioeconomic characteristics; (2) assess the relation between this gradient of urbanization and the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of these streams; and (3) evaluate the type of relation (that is, linear or nonlinear, and whether there was a threshold response) of the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of these streams to the gradient of urbanization. Of 94 water-chemistry variables and one measure of potential toxicity from a bioassay, the concentrations of two pesticides (diazinon and sima-zine) and one measure of potential toxicity (P450RGS assay) from compounds sequestered in semipermeable membrane devices were significantly positively correlated with the UII. No threshold responses to the UII for diazinon and simazine concentrations were observed over the entire range of the UII scores. The linear correlation for diazinon with the UII was significant, but the linear correlation for simazine with the UII was not. No statistically significant relations between the UII and concentrations of suspended sediment, total nitrogen, total phosphorous, or any major ions were indicated. Eleven of 59 physical variables from streamflow were significantly correlated with the UII. Temperature was not significantly correlated with the UII, and none of the physical habitat measurements were significantly correlated with the UII. Seven physical variables categorized as streamflow flashiness metrics were significantly positively correlated with the UII, two of which showed a linear but not a threshold response to the UII. Four flow-duration metrics were significantly negatively correlated with the UII, of which two showed a linear response to the UII, one showed a threshold response, and one showed neither. None of the fish metrics were significantly correlated with the UII in the Blackland Prairie streams. Two qualitative multi-habitat benthic macroinvertebrate metrics, predator richness and percentage filterer-collector richness, were significantly correlated with the UII; predator richness was negatively correlated with the UII, and percentage filterer-collector richness was positively correlated with the UII. No threshold response to the UII was observed for either metric, but both showed a significant linear response to the UII. Three richest targeted habitat (RTH) benthic macroinvertebrate metrics, Margalef's richness, predator richness, and omnivore richness were significantly negatively correlated with the UII. Margalef's richness was the only RTH metric that indicated a threshold response to the UII. The majority of unique taxa collected in the periphytic algae samples were diatoms. Six RTH periphytic algae metrics were correlated with the UII and five of the six showed no notable threshold response to the UII; but all five showed significant linear responses to the UII. Only the metric OT_VL_DP, which indicates the presence of algae that are tolerant of low dissolved oxygen conditions, showed a threshold response to the UII. Six depositional target habitat periphytic algae metrics were correlated with the UII, five of which showed no threshold response to the UII; three of the five showed significant linear responses to the UII, one showed a borderline significant</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Effects of urbanization on stream ecosystems in six metropolitan areas of the United States (Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5101)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20065101C","usgsCitation":"Moring, J., 2009, Effects of urbanization on the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of small Blackland Prairie streams in and near the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5101, v, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065101C.","productDescription":"v, 31 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121134,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2006_5101_c.jpg"},{"id":394048,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86419.htm"},{"id":327273,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5101C/pdf/sir2006-5101-C.pdf"},{"id":12394,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5101C/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Dallas-Fort Worth","otherGeospatial":"Blackland Prairie","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -97.2833,\n              31.6508\n            ],\n            [\n              -96,\n              31.6508\n            ],\n            [\n              -96,\n              33.4244\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.2833,\n              33.4244\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.2833,\n              31.6508\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684d44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moring, J. 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