We apply a kinematic finite-fault inversion scheme to Pnl displacement waveforms recorded at 14 regional stations (Δ<2°) to recover the distribution of coseismic slip for the 2004 Parkfield earthquake using both synthetic Green’s functions (SGFs) calculated for one-dimensional (1D) crustal-velocity models and empirical Green’s functions (EGFs) based on the recordings of a single Mw 5.0 aftershock. Slip is modeled on a rectangular fault subdivided into 2×2 km subfaults assuming a constant rupture velocity and a 0.5 sec rise time. A passband filter of 0.1–0.5 Hz is applied to both data and subfault responses prior to waveform inversion. The SGF inversions are performed such that the final seismic moment is consistent with the known magnitude (Mw 6.0) of the earthquake. For these runs, it is difficult to reproduce the entire Pnl waveform due to inaccuracies in the assumed crustal structure. Also, the misfit between observed and predicted vertical waveforms is similar in character for different rupture velocities, indicating that neither the rupture velocity nor the exact position of slip sources along the fault can be uniquely identified. The pattern of coseismic slip, however, compares well with independent source models derived using other data types, indicating that the SGF inversion procedure provides a general first-order estimate of the 2004 Parkfield rupture using the vertical Pnl records. The best-constrained slip model is obtained using the single-aftershock EGF approach. In this case, the waveforms are very well reproduced for both vertical and horizontal components, suggesting that the method provides a powerful tool for estimating the distribution of coseismic slip using the regional Pnl waveforms. The inferred slip model shows a localized patch of high slip (55 cm peak) near the hypocenter and a larger slip area (~50 cm peak) extending between 6 and 20 km to the northwest.
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","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2007WR006735","usgsCitation":"Clark, M., Slater, A.G., Rupp, D.E., Woods, R.A., Vrugt, J.A., Gupta, H.V., Wagener, T., and Hay, L.E., 2008, Framework for Understanding Structural Errors (FUSE): A modular framework to diagnose differences between hydrological models: Water Resources Research, v. 44, no. 12, Article W00B02; 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006735.","productDescription":"Article W00B02; 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-005159","costCenters":[{"id":435,"text":"National Research Program - Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476459,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007wr006735","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":272810,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51a08be1e4b0e42455806576","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Martyn P.","contributorId":21445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Martyn P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slater, Andrew G.","contributorId":72689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slater","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rupp, David E.","contributorId":54097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rupp","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Woods, Ross A.","contributorId":7162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woods","given":"Ross","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vrugt, Jasper A.","contributorId":45611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vrugt","given":"Jasper","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gupta, Hoshin V.","contributorId":7597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gupta","given":"Hoshin","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wagener, Thorsten","contributorId":22658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagener","given":"Thorsten","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hay, Lauren E. 0000-0003-3763-4595 lhay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3763-4595","contributorId":1287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"Lauren","email":"lhay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70044694,"text":"70044694 - 2008 - Bjørn Bølviken - 2008 IAGC Vernadsky medalist","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T19:32:52.787163","indexId":"70044694","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2875,"text":"Newsletter of the International Association of GeoChemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bjørn Bølviken - 2008 IAGC Vernadsky medalist","docAbstract":"Prof. Bjørn Bølviken, 80, formerly with the Geological Survey of Norway, was the 2nd recipient of the IAGC's Vernadsky Medal. 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In the methodology, HAZUS curvilinear capacity curves were used to define nonlinear dynamic SDOF models that were subjected to the nonlinear time history analysis instead of the capacity spectrum method. In this study, we construct a multilinear capacity curve with negative stiffness after an ultimate (capping) point for the nonlinear time history analysis, as an alternative to the curvilinear model provided in HAZUS. As an illustration, here we propose parameter values of the multilinear capacity curve for a moderate-code low-rise steel moment resisting frame building (labeled S1L in HAZUS). To determine the final parameter values, we perform nonlinear time history analyses of SDOF systems with various parameter values and investigate their effects on resulting fragility functions through sensitivity analysis. The findings improve capacity curves and thereby fragility and/or vulnerability models for generic types of structures.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The 14th world conference on earthquake engineering: innovation, practice, safety: October 12-17, 2008, Beijing, China","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"IAEE","publisherLocation":"Tokyo, Japan","usgsCitation":"Ryu, H., Luco, N., Baker, J., and Karaca, E., 2008, Converting HAZUS capacity curves to seismic hazard-compatible building fragility functions: effect of hysteretic models, in The 14th world conference on earthquake engineering: innovation, practice, safety: October 12-17, 2008, Beijing, China, 8 p.","productDescription":"8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-008242","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271345,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271344,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.14wcee.org/Proceedings/files/05-01-0469.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51765be4e4b0f989f99e00c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryu, Hyeuk","contributorId":25442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryu","given":"Hyeuk","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luco, Nicolas 0000-0002-5763-9847 nluco@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5763-9847","contributorId":1188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luco","given":"Nicolas","email":"nluco@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":474600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baker, Jack W.","contributorId":62113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baker","given":"Jack W.","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":474602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Karaca, Erdem","contributorId":75418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karaca","given":"Erdem","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70043083,"text":"pp171314 - 2008 - Miocene Total Petroleum System -- Lower Bakersfield Arch Assessment Unit of the San Joaquin Basin Province: Chapter 14 in Petroleum systems and geologic assessment of oil and gas in the San Joaquin Basin Province, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-31T13:17:40","indexId":"pp171314","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1713-14","title":"Miocene Total Petroleum System -- Lower Bakersfield Arch Assessment Unit of the San Joaquin Basin Province: Chapter 14 in Petroleum systems and geologic assessment of oil and gas in the San Joaquin Basin Province, California","docAbstract":"The Lower Bakersfield Arch Assessment Unit (AU) of the Miocene Total Petroleum System (San Joaquin Basin Province) is primarily defined by the distribution of hydrocarbons generated from biosiliceous shale of the Monterey Formation and by the distribution of basinal-facies sandstones of the Stevens sand of Eckis (1940; hereafter referred to as Stevens sand). Traps are principally stratigraphic and structural/stratigraphic, with most discovered accumulations occurring in deep-sea channel, fan, and braided submarine channel deposits of the late Miocene Stevens sand. Smaller and fewer accumulations are found in older sandstones such as the Vedder and Jewett Sands of Oligocene to Miocene age. Compared to the west side of the basin, the AU is largely unstructured, except for localized down-to-the-basin normal faults. Map boundaries of the assessment unit are shown in figures 14.1 and 14.2; this assessment unit supersedes the Lower Bakersfield Arch play 1003 considered by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in the 1995 National Assessment (Beyer, 1996). Stratigraphically, the AU extends from the uppermost crystalline basement to the topographic surface (fig. 14.3). The AU is bounded on the east and north by the limit of basinal- facies sandstones of the Stevens sand; this eastern boundary corresponds to the approximate location of the shelf-slope break of the San Joaquin Basin in late Miocene time. The western boundary of the AU is the approximate eastern limit of structural deformation on the basin’s west side. The White Wolf Fault bounds the AU on the south.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Petroleum systems and geologic assessment of oil and gas in the San Joaquin Basin Province, California (PP 1713)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp171314","usgsCitation":"Gautier, D.L., and Hosford Scheirer, A., 2008, Miocene Total Petroleum System -- Lower Bakersfield Arch Assessment Unit of the San Joaquin Basin Province: Chapter 14 in Petroleum systems and geologic assessment of oil and gas in the San Joaquin Basin Province, California: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1713-14, Chapter 14: 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp171314.","productDescription":"Chapter 14: 17 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":266961,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1713_14.jpg"},{"id":266959,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1713/","text":"Index Page","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":266960,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1713/14/pp1713_ch14.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin basin","publicComments":"This report is Chapter 14 in Petroleum systems and geologic assessment of oil and gas in the San Joaquin Basin Province, California. Please see Professional Paper 1713 for other chapters.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5110e6a0e4b036117656395d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gautier, Donald L. gautier@usgs.gov","contributorId":1310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gautier","given":"Donald","email":"gautier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":516396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hosford Scheirer, Allegra","contributorId":22217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hosford Scheirer","given":"Allegra","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":516397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70045585,"text":"70045585 - 2008 - Development of the U.S. Geological Survey's PAGER system (Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-07T09:57:14","indexId":"70045585","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Development of the U.S. Geological Survey's PAGER system (Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response)","docAbstract":"The Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response (PAGER) System plays a primary alerting role for global earthquake disasters as part of the U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) response protocol. We provide an overview of the PAGER system, both of its current capabilities and our ongoing research and development. PAGER monitors the USGS’s near real-time U.S. and global earthquake origins and automatically identifies events that are of societal importance, well in advance of ground-truth or news accounts. Current PAGER notifications and Web pages estimate the population exposed to each seismic intensity level. In addition to being a useful indicator of potential impact, PAGER’s intensity/exposure display provides a new standard in the dissemination of rapid earthquake information. We are currently developing and testing a more comprehensive alert system that will include casualty estimates. This is motivated by the idea that an estimated range of possible number of deaths will aid in decisions regarding humanitarian response. Underlying the PAGER exposure and loss models are global earthquake ShakeMap shaking estimates, constrained as quickly as possible by finite-fault modeling and observed ground motions and intensities, when available. Loss modeling is being developed comprehensively with a suite of candidate models that range from fully empirical to largely analytical approaches. Which of these models is most appropriate for use in a particular earthquake depends on how much is known about local building stocks and their vulnerabilities. A first-order country-specific global building inventory has been developed, as have corresponding vulnerability functions. For calibrating PAGER loss models, we have systematically generated an Atlas of 5,000 ShakeMaps for significant global earthquakes during the last 36 years. For many of these, auxiliary earthquake source and shaking intensity data are also available. Refinements to the loss models are ongoing. Fundamental to such an alert system, we are also developing computational and communications infrastructure for rapid and robust operations and worldwide notifications. PAGER’s methodologies and datasets are being developed in an open environment to support other loss estimation efforts and provide avenues for outside collaboration and critique.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering: October 12-17, 2008, Beijing, China","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"IEM","usgsCitation":"Wald, D., Earle, P., Allen, T., Jaiswal, K., Porter, K., and Hearne, M., 2008, Development of the U.S. Geological Survey's PAGER system (Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response), in The 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering: October 12-17, 2008, Beijing, China, 8 p.","productDescription":"8 p.","costCenters":[{"id":415,"text":"National Earthquake Information Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271423,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5178fee7e4b0d842c705f6f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wald, D.J. 0000-0002-1454-4514","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":43809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Earle, P.S.","contributorId":17011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Earle","given":"P.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allen, T.I.","contributorId":6659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"T.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jaiswal, K.","contributorId":89260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaiswal","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Porter, K.","contributorId":14930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porter","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hearne, M.","contributorId":86873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hearne","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70042063,"text":"70042063 - 2008 - Metals fate and transport modelling in streams and watersheds: state of the science and USEPA workshop review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T08:18:39","indexId":"70042063","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Metals fate and transport modelling in streams and watersheds: state of the science and USEPA workshop review","docAbstract":"Metals pollution in surface waters from point and non-point sources (NPS) is a widespread problem in the United States and worldwide (Lofts et al., 2007; USEPA, 2007). In the western United States, metals associated with acid mine drainage (AMD) from hardrock mines in mountainous areas impact aquatic ecosystems and human health (USEPA, 1997a; Caruso and Ward, 1998; Church et al., 2007). Metals fate and transport modelling in streams and watersheds is sometimes needed for assessment and restoration of surface waters, including mining-impacted streams (Runkel and Kimball, 2002; Caruso, 2003; Velleux et al., 2006). The Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP; Wool et al., 2001), developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), is an example of a model used for such analyses. Other approaches exist and appropriate model selection depends on site characteristics, data availability and modelling objectives. However, there are a wide range of assumptions, input parameters, data requirements and gaps, and calibration and validation issues that must be addressed by model developers, users and decision makers. Despite substantial work on model development, their successful application has been more limited because they are not often used by decision makers for stream and watershed assessment and restoration. Bringing together scientists, model developers, users and decision makers should stimulate the development of appropriate models and improve the applicability of their results. To address these issues, the USEPA Office of Research and Development and Region 8 (Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah and Wyoming) hosted a workshop in Denver, Colorado on February 13–14, 2007. The workshop brought together approximately 35 experts from government, academia and consulting to address the state of the art for modelling metals fate and transport, knowledge gaps and future directions in metals modelling. It focused on modelling metals in high-altitude streams, rivers and watersheds impacted by mine waste that are common in the western United States and require remediation. For example, there are over 100 000 abandoned or inactive mining sites across the United States, encompassing over 500 000 acres of land that may eventually require characterization and remediation, including the possible application of stream or watershed metals fate and transport modelling (USEPA, 1997a). This article provides a general overview of the state of the science on modelling metals fate and transport in streams and watersheds, including a review of presentations and discussions at the USEPA workshop. It builds on previous summaries of metals fate and transport models in aquatic systems, including USEPA (1997b, 2007), Allen (2002), Paquin et al. (2003), Nordstrom (2004) and Maest et al. (2005).","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.7114","usgsCitation":"Caruso, B., Cox, T., Runkel, R.L., Velleux, M., Bencala, K.E., Nordstrom, D.K., Julien, P., Butler, B.A., Alpers, C.N., Marion, A., and Smith, K.S., 2008, Metals fate and transport modelling in streams and watersheds: state of the science and USEPA workshop review: Hydrological Processes, v. 22, no. 19, p. 4011-4021, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7114.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"4011","endPage":"4021","temporalStart":"2007-02-13","temporalEnd":"2007-02-14","ipdsId":"IP-008246","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264975,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264974,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7114"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Denver","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.21,39.54 ], [ -105.21,40.0 ], [ -104.49,40.0 ], [ -104.49,39.54 ], [ -105.21,39.54 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"22","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e5d16ae4b0a4aa5bb0b27b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Caruso, B.S.","contributorId":82999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caruso","given":"B.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cox, T.J.","contributorId":98121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Runkel, Robert L. 0000-0003-3220-481X runkel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-481X","contributorId":685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"Robert","email":"runkel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Velleux, M.L.","contributorId":46852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Velleux","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bencala, Kenneth E. kbencala@usgs.gov","contributorId":1541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbencala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":470713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":470720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Julien, P.Y.","contributorId":36820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Julien","given":"P.Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Butler, B. A.","contributorId":49425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Marion, A.","contributorId":40487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marion","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Smith, Kathleen S. 0000-0001-8547-9804 ksmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8547-9804","contributorId":182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Kathleen","email":"ksmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70038490,"text":"70038490 - 2008 - Top 10 principles for designing healthy coastal ecosystems like the Salish Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-13T11:06:14.604618","indexId":"70038490","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1443,"text":"EcoHealth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Top 10 principles for designing healthy coastal ecosystems like the Salish Sea","docAbstract":"Like other coastal zones around the world, the inland sea ecosystem of Washington (USA) and British Columbia (Canada), an area known as the Salish Sea, is changing under pressure from a growing human population, conversion of native forest and shoreline habitat to urban development, toxic contamination of sediments and species, and overharvest of resources. While billions of dollars have been spent trying to restore other coastal ecosystems around the world, there still is no successful model for restoring estuarine or marine ecosystems like the Salish Sea. Despite the lack of a guiding model, major ecological principles do exist that should be applied as people work to design the Salish Sea and other large marine ecosystems for the future. We suggest that the following 10 ecological principles serve as a foundation for educating the public and for designing a healthy Salish Sea and other coastal ecosystems for future generations: (1) Think ecosystem: political boundaries are arbitrary; (2) Account for ecosystem connectivity; (3) Understand the food web; (4) Avoid fragmentation; (5) Respect ecosystem integrity; (6) Support nature's resilience; (7) Value nature: it's money in your pocket; (8) Watch wildlife health; (9) Plan for extremes; and (10) Share the knowledge.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10393-009-0209-1","usgsCitation":"Gaydos, J.K., Dierauf, L., Kirby, G., Brosnan, D., Gilardi, K., and Davis, G.E., 2008, Top 10 principles for designing healthy coastal ecosystems like the Salish Sea: EcoHealth, v. 5, no. 4, p. 460-471, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-009-0209-1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"460","endPage":"471","ipdsId":"IP-008322","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":597,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey Northwest Area","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476462,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-009-0209-1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":257929,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"British Columbia, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Georgia Basin, Puget Sound, Salish Sea","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -126.83333333333333,46.25 ], [ -126.83333333333333,51.5 ], [ -120.5,51.5 ], [ -120.5,46.25 ], [ -126.83333333333333,46.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"5","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-03-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb43fe4b08c986b326281","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gaydos, Joseph K.","contributorId":28456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaydos","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dierauf, Leslie","contributorId":6697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dierauf","given":"Leslie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kirby, Grant","contributorId":52438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"Grant","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brosnan, Deborah","contributorId":97747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brosnan","given":"Deborah","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gilardi, Kirsten","contributorId":89754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilardi","given":"Kirsten","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Davis, Gary E.","contributorId":73235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70038098,"text":"70038098 - 2008 - Density currents in the Chicago River: Characterization, effects on water quality, and potential sources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-01T01:01:40","indexId":"70038098","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Density currents in the Chicago River: Characterization, effects on water quality, and potential sources","docAbstract":"Bidirectional flows in a river system can occur under stratified flow conditions and in addition to creating significant errors in discharge estimates, the upstream propagating currents are capable of transporting contaminants and affecting water quality. Detailed field observations of bidirectional flows were made in the Chicago River in Chicago, Illinois in the winter of 2005-06. Using multiple acoustic Doppler current profilers simultaneously with a water-quality profiler, the formation of upstream propagating density currents within the Chicago River both as an underflow and an overflow was observed on three occasions. Density differences driving the flow primarily arise from salinity differences between intersecting branches of the Chicago River, whereas water temperature is secondary in the creation of these currents. Deicing salts appear to be the primary source of salinity in the North Branch of the Chicago River, entering the waterway through direct runoff and effluent from a wastewater-treatment plant in a large metropolitan area primarily served by combined sewers. Water-quality assessments of the Chicago River may underestimate (or overestimate) the impairment of the river because standard water-quality monitoring practices do not account for density-driven underflows (or overflows). Chloride concentrations near the riverbed can significantly exceed concentrations at the river surface during underflows indicating that full-depth parameter profiles are necessary for accurate water-quality assessments in urban environments where application of deicing salt is common.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","usgsCitation":"Jackson, P., Garcia, C.M., Oberg, K.A., Johnson, K.K., and Garcia, M., 2008, Density currents in the Chicago River: Characterization, effects on water quality, and potential sources: Science of the Total Environment, v. 401, no. 1-3, p. 130-143.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"130","endPage":"143","numberOfPages":"35","temporalStart":"2005-12-19","temporalEnd":"2006-01-11","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257106,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257097,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":1,"text":"Abstract"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18499229","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","county":"Chicago River","city":"Chicago","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -91.5,36.96666666666667 ], [ -91.5,42.5 ], [ -87.5,42.5 ], [ -87.5,36.96666666666667 ], [ -91.5,36.96666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"401","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fea5e4b0c8380cd4ee43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jackson, P. Ryan","contributorId":68571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"P. 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Six lichen species were studied over a period of 23 years that were growing in 11 protected areas of the northern Great Lakes ecoregion, which were not greatly influenced by anthropogenic particulates or gaseous air pollutants. The elemental data from these studies were aggregated in order to test the hypothesis that differences among species in tissue element concentrations were large enough to discriminate between taxa faithfully. Concentrations of 16 chemical elements that were found in tissue samples from Cladonia rangiferina, Evernia mesomorpha, Flavopunctelia flaventior, Hypogymnia physodes, Parmelia sulcata, and Punctelia rudecta were analyzed statistically using multivariate discriminant functions and CART analyses, as well as t-tests. Genera and species were clearly separated in element space, and elemental discriminant functions were able to classify 91-100 of the samples correctly into species. At the broadest level, a Zn concentration of 51 ppm in tissues of four of the lichen species effectively discriminated foliose from fruticose species. Similarly, a S concentration of 680 ppm discriminated C. rangiferina and E. mesomorpha, and a Ca concentration of 10 436 ppm discriminated H. physodes from P. sulcata. For the three parmelioid species, a Ca concentration >32 837 ppm discriminated Punctelia rudecta from the other two species, while a Zn concentration of 56 ppm discriminated Parmelia sulcata from F. flaventior. Foliose species also had higher concentrations than did fruticose species of all elements except Na. Elemental signatures for each of the six species were developed using standardized means. Twenty-four mechanisms explaining the differences among species are summarized. Finally, the relationships of four species based on element concentrations, using additive-trees clustering of a Euclidean-distance matrix, produced identical relationships as did analyses based on secondary product chemistry that used additive-trees clustering of a Jaccard similarity matrix. At least for these six species, element composition has taxonomic significance, and may be useful for discriminating other taxa.
","language":"English","publisher":"The British Lichen Society","doi":"10.1017/S0024282908007445","usgsCitation":"Bennett, J.P., 2008, Discrimination of lichen genera and species using element concentrations: Lichenologist, v. 40, no. 2, p. 135-151, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282908007445.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"135","endPage":"151","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257105,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.306640625,\n 49.49667452747045\n ],\n [\n -94.21875,\n 47.100044694025215\n ],\n [\n -93.515625,\n 45.644768217751924\n ],\n [\n -92.1533203125,\n 44.37098696297173\n ],\n [\n -90.615234375,\n 42.42345651793833\n ],\n [\n -89.736328125,\n 41.27780646738183\n ],\n [\n -89.2529296875,\n 40.51379915504413\n ],\n [\n -88.1982421875,\n 40.245991504199026\n ],\n [\n -86.044921875,\n 40.17887331434696\n ],\n [\n -83.3642578125,\n 40.212440718286466\n ],\n [\n -81.03515625,\n 40.27952566881291\n ],\n [\n -79.7607421875,\n 40.613952441166596\n ],\n [\n -77.95898437499999,\n 41.541477666790286\n ],\n [\n -76.5966796875,\n 42.19596877629178\n ],\n [\n -75.3662109375,\n 43.16512263158296\n ],\n [\n -75.146484375,\n 44.05601169578525\n ],\n [\n -75.146484375,\n 44.653024159812\n ],\n [\n -75.41015624999999,\n 45.213003555993964\n ],\n [\n -76.11328125,\n 45.460130637921004\n ],\n [\n -76.9921875,\n 45.521743896993634\n ],\n [\n -77.9150390625,\n 46.042735653846506\n ],\n [\n -78.7060546875,\n 46.37725420510028\n ],\n [\n -79.5849609375,\n 46.55886030311719\n ],\n [\n -80.419921875,\n 46.89023157359399\n ],\n [\n -81.73828125,\n 47.15984001304432\n ],\n [\n -82.001953125,\n 47.635783590864854\n ],\n [\n -82.265625,\n 48.1367666796927\n ],\n [\n -83.056640625,\n 48.80686346108517\n ],\n [\n -83.5400390625,\n 49.095452162534826\n ],\n [\n -84.5068359375,\n 49.439556958940855\n ],\n [\n -85.25390625,\n 49.61070993807422\n ],\n [\n -85.95703125,\n 49.781264058178365\n ],\n [\n -86.220703125,\n 49.89463439573421\n ],\n [\n -87.099609375,\n 49.97948776108648\n ],\n [\n -88.154296875,\n 49.97948776108648\n ],\n [\n -89.736328125,\n 50.00773901463687\n ],\n [\n -90.966796875,\n 49.89463439573421\n ],\n [\n -92.46093749999999,\n 49.83798245308484\n ],\n [\n -93.6474609375,\n 49.696061819115634\n ],\n [\n -94.306640625,\n 49.49667452747045\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"40","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-04-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a01fbe4b0c8380cd4fe20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bennett, James P.","contributorId":100323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70038408,"text":"fs20083042 - 2008 - Streamflow of 2007--Water year summary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-26T01:01:37","indexId":"fs20083042","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-3042","title":"Streamflow of 2007--Water year summary","docAbstract":"The maps and graphs appearing in this summary describe streamflow conditions for water-year 2007 (October 1, 2006 to September 30, 2007) in the context of the 78-year period 1930-2007, unless otherwise noted. The illustrations are based on observed data from the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) National Streamflow Information Program. The period 1930-2007 was used because prior to 1930, the number of streamgages was too small to provide representative data for computing statistics for most regions of the country.\r\nIn the summary, reference is made to the term \"runoff,\" which is the depth to which a river basin, State, or other geographic area would be covered with water if all the streamflow within the area during a single year was uniformly distributed upon it. Runoff quantifies the magnitude of water flowing through the Nation's rivers and streams in measurement units that can be compared from one area to another. The runoff value for a geographic area is computed as the median runoff value for all streamgages in that geographic area. For example, the runoff value for a State is the median for all streamgages in that State, and the median for the Nation is the median value for all streamgages in the Nation.\r\nEach of the maps and graphs below can be expanded to a larger view by clicking on the image. In all the graphics, a rank of 1 indicates the highest flow of all years analyzed.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20083042","usgsCitation":"Xiaodong, J., Wolock, D.M., and Lins, H.F., 2008, Streamflow of 2007--Water year summary: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2008-3042, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20083042.","productDescription":"8 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":256941,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2008_3042.gif"},{"id":256936,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3042/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9b10e4b08c986b31cc66","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xiaodong, Jian","contributorId":10260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xiaodong","given":"Jian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolock, David M. 0000-0002-6209-938X dwolock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"David","email":"dwolock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lins, Harry F. 0000-0001-5385-9247 hlins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5385-9247","contributorId":1505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lins","given":"Harry","email":"hlins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70038325,"text":"70038325 - 2008 - Long-term dynamics of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) and its biocontrol agent, flea beetles in the genus Aphthona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-07T09:25:41","indexId":"70038325","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-06T18:21:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1016,"text":"Biological Control","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Long-term dynamics of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) and its biocontrol agent, flea beetles in the genus Aphthona","title":"Long-term dynamics of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) and its biocontrol agent, flea beetles in the genus Aphthona","docAbstract":"Three flea beetle species (Aphthona spp.), first introduced into North America in 1988, have come to be regarded as effective biological control organisms for leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula). The black flea beetles (Aphthona lacertosa and A. czwalinae) in particular have been shown to cause reductions in leafy spurge stem counts in the northern Great Plains, while the brown flea beetle (A. nigriscutis) has persisted and spread, but has not been found to be as effective at controlling leafy spurge. The ability of black flea beetles to control leafy spurge in any given year, however, has been found to vary. To better understand the long-term effects of flea beetle herbivory on leafy spurge, we monitored stem counts of leafy spurge and numbers of black and brown flea beetles at three sites on two National Wildlife Refuges in east-central North Dakota, USA, from 1998 to 2006. Brown flea beetle numbers were observed to be negligible on these sites. Over the 9 years of the study, black flea beetles were seen to spread over the three study sites and leafy spurge stem counts declined substantially on two of the three sites. Even at low densities of spurge, black flea beetle populations persisted, a necessary prerequisite for long-term control. We used structural equation models (SEM) to assess the yearly effects of black flea beetles, soil texture, and refuge site on leafy spurge stem counts over this time period. We then used equations developed from the SEM analysis to explore flea beetle–leafy spurge dynamics over time, after controlling for soil texture and refuge. Yearly effect strength of black flea beetles on leafy spurge was found to be modest, largely owing to substantial spatial variability in control. However, simulation results based on prediction coefficients revealed leafy spurge to be highly responsive to increases in flea beetle populations on average.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocontrol.2008.07.016","usgsCitation":"Larson, D.L., Grace, J.B., and Larson, J.L., 2008, Long-term dynamics of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) and its biocontrol agent, flea beetles in the genus Aphthona: Biological Control, v. 47, no. 2, p. 250-256, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2008.07.016.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"250","endPage":"256","temporalStart":"1998-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254780,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Larson, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-6259-0101","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6259-0101","contributorId":68144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70037969,"text":"70037969 - 2008 - Topographic mapping","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:33","indexId":"70037969","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":362,"text":"General Information Product","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Topographic 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Today, more than 100 years and millions of map copies later, topographic mapping is still a central activity for the USGS. The topographic map remains an indispensable tool for government, science, industry, and leisure. Much has changed since early topographers traveled the unsettled West and carefully plotted the first USGS maps by hand. Advances in survey techniques, instrumentation, and design and printing technologies, as well as the use of aerial photography and satellite data, have dramatically improved mapping coverage, accuracy, and efficiency. 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With broad coverage that touches on topics as diverse as historical aspects of pronghorn antelope movement patterns through calculating watershed prescriptions to the role of wind-blown sand in preserving archaeological sites on the Colorado River, this volume stands as a compendium of cuttingedge management-oriented research on the Colorado Plateau. 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