Local biodiversity monitoring is important to assess the effects of global change, but also to evaluate the performance of landscape and wildlife protection, since large-scale assessments may buffer local fluctuations, rare species tend to be underrepresented, and management actions are usually implemented on local scales. We estimated population trends of 58 bird species using open-population N-mixture models based on count data in two localities in southeastern Spain, which have been collected according to a citizen science monitoring program (SACRE, Monitoring Common Breeding Birds in Spain) over 21 and 15 years, respectively. We performed different abundance models for each species and study area, accounting for imperfect detection of individuals in replicated counts. After selecting the best models for each species and study area, empirical Bayes methods were used for estimating abundances, which allowed us to calculate population growth rates (λ) and finally population trends. We also compared the two local population trends and related them with national and European trends, and species functional traits (phenological status, dietary, and habitat specialization characteristics). Our results showed increasing trends for most species, but a weak correlation between populations of the same species from both study areas. In general, local population trends were consistent with the trends observed at national and continental scales, although contrasting patterns exist for several species, mainly with increasing local trends and decreasing Spanish and European trends. Moreover, we found no evidence of a relationship between population trends and species traits. We conclude that using open-population N-mixture models is an appropriate method to estimate population trends, and that citizen science-based monitoring schemes can be a source of data for such analyses. This modeling approach can help managers to assess the effectiveness of their actions at the local level in the context of global change.
Widespread hydrologic alterations have simplified in-stream habitats in rivers globally, driving population declines and extirpations of many native fishes. Here, we examine how rapid geomorphic change in a historically degraded desert river has influenced habitat diversification and ecosystem persistence. In 2010, a large reach of the degraded and simplified lower San Rafael River (SRR), Utah, was impacted by the formation of a valley plug and began to shift from a homogenous, single-thread channel to a complex, multi-threaded riverscape. We combined field measurements and drone-collected imagery to document changes in fish habitat due to the valley plug. Our results demonstrate that in 2021, the affected reach was more diverse than any other stream reach along the SRR, containing 641% more diverse habitat (e.g., pools, riffles, and backwaters) than what was measured in 2015. The plug reach also retained water for periods beyond what was expected during seasonal drying, with the total extent of inundation within the riverscape increasing by over 2800%. Since the formation of the valley plug, riparian habitat has increased by 230% and channel networks have expanded to more than 50 distinct channels throughout the zone of influence. Our results provide evidence of successful self-restoration in a formerly highly degraded reach of desert river, and encourage new methods of desert river restoration. We aim to inform the use of large-scale, disruptive restoration actions like intentional channel occlusions, with the goal of mitigating the impacts of simplification and increasing habitat persistence in the face of exacerbated aridity in the desert Southwest.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rra.4213","usgsCitation":"Remiszewski, T.T., Budy, P., and Macfarlane, W., 2024, Expansive, positive changes to fish habitat diversity following the formation of a valley plug in a degraded desert river: River Research and Applications, v. 40, no. 1, p. 116-128, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.4213.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"116","endPage":"128","ipdsId":"IP-147695","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":441167,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.4213","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":429658,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"San Rafael River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.65926854658869,\n 39.15654774664799\n ],\n [\n -110.65926854658869,\n 38.689875846653166\n ],\n [\n -110.09441178024811,\n 38.689875846653166\n ],\n [\n -110.09441178024811,\n 39.15654774664799\n ],\n [\n -110.65926854658869,\n 39.15654774664799\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"40","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Remiszewski, Tansy T.","contributorId":337428,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Remiszewski","given":"Tansy","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":6682,"text":"Utah State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":902416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Budy, Phaedra E. 0000-0002-9918-1678","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9918-1678","contributorId":228930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budy","given":"Phaedra E.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":902417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Macfarlane, William W.","contributorId":337429,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Macfarlane","given":"William W.","affiliations":[{"id":6682,"text":"Utah State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":902418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70256460,"text":"70256460 - 2024 - Rates of osmoconformation in triploid eastern oysters, and comparison to their diploid half-siblings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-05T21:54:05.831357","indexId":"70256460","displayToPublicDate":"2023-09-21T16:49:27","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":853,"text":"Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rates of osmoconformation in triploid eastern oysters, and comparison to their diploid half-siblings","docAbstract":"Triploid eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) suffer greater mortalities than diploids in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico estuaries when extreme low salinities (< 5) and elevated temperatures (≥ 28 °C) coincide. To investigate potential causes, changes in plasma osmolality, hemolymph pH, valve opening and mortality in diploid and triploid oyster half-siblings were compared during a step-down gradual acclimation from a salinity of 5 to 1 (5, 2.5, 2.0, 1.5, 1.0) at 23 °C (expt 1) and at 28 °C (expt 2). To further explore differences in diploid and triploid oyster responses to changing salinity, we compared their plasma osmolality after abrupt decreases in salinity from 20 to 10 and 5, followed by increases in salinity from 5 and 10 to 20 once oysters had osmoconformed to the lowered salinities (expt 3). Lastly, changes in wet weights of mantle tissue explants were compared between diploid and triploid oysters every 10 min for 40 min after being transferred from a salinity of 20 to 10 (expt 4). Oysters of both ploidies were able to osmoconform to water at salinities between 5 and 1.5. After a decrease in salinity, triploid oysters were slower to open their valves and osmoconform, were less efficient in maintaining acid-base status enduring longer periods of acidic hemolymph pH, and were less efficient in regulating tissue water content compared to half-sibling diploid oysters. At a salinity of 1.0, plasma of both diploid and triploid oysters remained hyperosmotic, their hemolymph acidic and their valves closed. Oysters osmoconformed faster at 28 °C than at 23 °C, but the combination of low salinity (≤ 1.5) and higher temperature caused rapid mortalities regardless of ploidies. Triploid oysters, however, started dying earlier and at greater percentages when salinity of 1.5 and temperature of 28 °C were combined. Triploids have been embraced as a means to support higher production, but results indicate superimposed stressors, such as low salinity and high temperature, may be more lethal to triploid than diploid oysters.
","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2023.740326","usgsCitation":"Casas, S., Comba, D., La Peyre, M., Rikard, S., and La Peyre, J., 2024, Rates of osmoconformation in triploid eastern oysters, and comparison to their diploid half-siblings: Aquaculture, v. 580, no. Part 2, 740326, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2023.740326.","productDescription":"740326, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-156470","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467056,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://repository.lsu.edu/animalsciences_pubs/2253","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":432235,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"580","issue":"Part 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Casas, Sandra M.","contributorId":340720,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Casas","given":"Sandra M.","affiliations":[{"id":32913,"text":"Louisiana State University Agricultural Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Comba, Devin","contributorId":340721,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Comba","given":"Devin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":32913,"text":"Louisiana State University Agricultural Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"La Peyre, Megan K. 0000-0001-9936-2252","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9936-2252","contributorId":264343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"La Peyre","given":"Megan K.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":907480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rikard, Scott","contributorId":340722,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rikard","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13360,"text":"Auburn University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"La Peyre, Jerome F.","contributorId":340723,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"La Peyre","given":"Jerome F.","affiliations":[{"id":32913,"text":"Louisiana State University Agricultural Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70248811,"text":"70248811 - 2024 - Critical stakeholder engagement: The road to actionable science Is paved with scientists’ good intentions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-24T17:48:11.047204","indexId":"70248811","displayToPublicDate":"2023-09-20T08:52:42","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5419,"text":"Annals of the American Association of Geographers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Critical stakeholder engagement: The road to actionable science Is paved with scientists’ good intentions","docAbstract":"To help stakeholders such as planners, resource managers, policymakers, and decision makers address environmental challenges in the Anthropocene, scientists are increasingly creating actionable science—science that is useful, usable, and used. Critical physical geography encourages the engagement of stakeholders in the creation of scientific knowledge to conduct actionable science and produce outputs that are directly relevant to stakeholder plans, decisions, or actions. Many scientists, however, lack formal training in how to partner with stakeholders using effective and ethical practices. In this article, we use the core principles for ethical research of respect for persons, beneficence, and justice from the Belmont Report (1979) as a suggested framework to examine the perspectives of stakeholders engaged in climate adaptation science projects. We argue that this framework aligns with the principles of critical physical geography and provides guidance for scientists to make their research more actionable while placing necessary emphasis on ethical considerations. We also challenge scientists to consider the broader ethical implications of engaging with these partners.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/24694452.2023.2242448","usgsCitation":"Bamzai-Dodson, A., Cravens, A.E., and McPherson, R.A., 2024, Critical stakeholder engagement: The road to actionable science Is paved with scientists’ good intentions: Annals of the American Association of Geographers, v. 114, no. 1, p. 1-20, https://doi.org/10.1080/24694452.2023.2242448.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"20","ipdsId":"IP-137162","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40927,"text":"North Central Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":441170,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24694452.2023.2242448","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":421071,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bamzai-Dodson, Aparna 0000-0002-2444-9051","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2444-9051","contributorId":303866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bamzai-Dodson","given":"Aparna","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40927,"text":"North Central Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":883751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cravens, Amanda E. 0000-0002-0271-7967 aecravens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0271-7967","contributorId":196752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cravens","given":"Amanda","email":"aecravens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":883752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McPherson, Renee A. 0000-0002-1497-9681","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1497-9681","contributorId":266158,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McPherson","given":"Renee","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7062,"text":"University of Oklahoma","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70251332,"text":"70251332 - 2024 - A nontarget, disturbance-resilient native species influences post-fire recovery and multiphasic herbicide-seeding outcomes in drylands threatened by exotic annual grasses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-07T01:11:18.605296","indexId":"70251332","displayToPublicDate":"2023-09-18T19:08:27","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A nontarget, disturbance-resilient native species influences post-fire recovery and multiphasic herbicide-seeding outcomes in drylands threatened by exotic annual grasses","docAbstract":"Native species that are abundant and persistent across disturbance-succession cycles can affect recovery and restoration of plant communities, especially in drylands. In the sagebrush-steppe deserts of North America, restoring deep-rooted perennial bunchgrasses (DRPBGs) is key to the strategy for breaking an increasingly problematic cycle of wildfire promoted by exotic annual grasses (EAGs) and displacement of perennials by post-fire increases in EAGs. We asked how Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda, POSE)—a common native grass that shares traits with EAGs such as resilience to disturbance and rapid, shallow-rooted, early season growth—(1) recovered after wildfire, (2) responded to different combinations of native-plant seedings of DRPBGs and EAG-targeting herbicides; and (3) in turn, related to DRPBG recovery. In repeated sampling of up to approximately 2,000 plots spanning 113,000 burned hectares, POSE was initially more abundant than DRPBGs until POSE began to decline 5 years post-fire, and POSE was marginally affected or unaffected by restoration treatments targeting DRPBGs or EAGs. In comparison, EAG cover decreased 8–16% where preemergent herbicide was sprayed and DRPBG cover increased 3–9% where they were drill-seeded, and the greatest EAG reductions and DRPBG increases were seen where seeding and herbicides were combined in a time-staggered fashion. Treatments had less target effects where POSE cover was high (>18%), which is also where EAG cover was scarcer and DRPBG cover greater, regardless of post-fire interventions. Consideration of the ecological role of disturbance-resilient species with ruderal characteristics that match traits of key invaders may improve the efficiency and effectiveness of restoration interventions.
Survival estimates are critical components of avian ecology. In well-intentioned efforts to maximize the utility of one's research, survival estimates often derive from data that were not originally collected for survival assessments, and such post hoc analyses may include unintentional biases. We estimated the survival of Whimbrels captured and marked at two breeding sites in Alaska using divergent data streams that in isolation were subject to methodological biases. Although both capture sites were chosen to study the migration ecology of Alaska-breeding Whimbrels, maximizing the conservation value of the data we collected was obviously desirable. We used multi-year telemetry information to infer survival from one site (Colville River) and mark-resight techniques to estimate survival from a second site (Kanuti River). At the Colville River, we could not feasibly include a control group of birds to assess potential survival effects of externally mounted transmitters, while at Kanuti River we were unable to accurately account for potential emigration events because we used resightings alone. We integrated these datasets in a Bayesian hierarchical framework, an approach that permitted insights across sites that moderated methodological biases within sites. Using telemetry enabled us to detect permanent emigration events from breeding sites in two of ten birds; results that informed estimates for birds without tracking devices. These datasets yielded point estimates of true survival of Whimbrels from Colville River equipped with solar-powered satellite transmitters that were higher (0.83) than true survival estimates of Whimbrels from Kanuti River marked with leg flags alone (0.74) or equipped with surgically implanted satellite transmitters (0.50), but the 95% credible intervals on these estimates overlapped across groups. For species like Whimbrels that are difficult and costly to study, combining information from disparate data streams allowed us to derive novel demographic estimates, an approach with clear application to other similar studies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ibi.13273","usgsCitation":"Ruthrauff, D.R., Harwood, C.M., Tibbitts, T.L., and Patil, V.P., 2024, Disparate data streams together yield novel survival estimates of Alaska-breeding Whimbrels: Ibis, v. 166, no. 2, p. 622-632, https://doi.org/10.1111/ibi.13273.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"622","endPage":"632","ipdsId":"IP-141546","costCenters":[{"id":65299,"text":"Alaska Science Center Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498851,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ibi.13273","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":420836,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Colville River, Kanuti River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -160.03574093661132,\n 68.75774490548673\n ],\n [\n -160.03574093661132,\n 65.24300636559764\n ],\n [\n -145.19869372665494,\n 65.24300636559764\n ],\n [\n -145.19869372665494,\n 68.75774490548673\n ],\n [\n -160.03574093661132,\n 68.75774490548673\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"166","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruthrauff, Daniel R. 0000-0003-1355-9156 druthrauff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1355-9156","contributorId":4181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruthrauff","given":"Daniel","email":"druthrauff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":883058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harwood, Christopher M.","contributorId":260398,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harwood","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":52582,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tibbitts, T. Lee 0000-0002-0290-7592 ltibbitts@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0290-7592","contributorId":102185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tibbitts","given":"T.","email":"ltibbitts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lee","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":883060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Patil, Vijay P. 0000-0002-9357-194X vpatil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9357-194X","contributorId":203676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patil","given":"Vijay","email":"vpatil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":883061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70248477,"text":"70248477 - 2024 - Lack of strong responses to the Pacific marine heatwave by benthivorous marine birds indicates importance of trophic drivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-18T13:54:23.130272","indexId":"70248477","displayToPublicDate":"2023-09-15T09:18:58","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lack of strong responses to the Pacific marine heatwave by benthivorous marine birds indicates importance of trophic drivers","docAbstract":"The Pacific marine heatwave (PMH) of 2014-2016 was an intense, long-lasting environmental disturbance expressed throughout the north Pacific. While dramatic consequences of the PMH on pelagic food webs have been well documented, effects on nearshore food webs, i.e., those based on macroalgae primary productivity, benthic invertebrate intermediate consumers, and specialized benthivorous top predators including some marine birds, are not well understood. We conducted summer and winter coastline surveys in two National Parks in the northern Gulf of Alaska from 2006 – 2022. We evaluated changes in abundance of benthivorous marine birds in relation to the heatwave, after accounting for effects of season and region. We also evaluated changes in abundance of nearshore benthic invertebrate prey data to allow specific consideration of a prey-based mechanism for effects of the PMH across food webs. We found that benthivorous marine birds, consisting largely of sea ducks and shorebirds, did not show a strong response to the PMH, unlike significant effects demonstrated by piscivorous birds in pelagic biomes. Unlike extreme reductions in quantity and quality of forage fish documented in other studies, we found that common benthic invertebrate prey abundance remained relatively stable, with only minor increases or decreases, in association with the PMH. Our results support the hypothesis that food availability has a strong mediating effect of the PMH on upper trophic levels across food webs. These findings show how a large-scale environmental perturbation affects biological communities through trophic pathways, provides insight into ecosystem resiliency, and can inform management strategies in the face of persistent climate change.","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research Science Publishers","doi":"10.3354/meps14384","usgsCitation":"Robinson, B.H., Coletti, H.A., Ballachey, B., Bodkin, J., Kloecker, K.A., Traiger, S.B., and Esler, D., 2024, Lack of strong responses to the Pacific marine heatwave by benthivorous marine birds indicates importance of trophic drivers: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 737, p. 215-226, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14384.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"215","endPage":"226","ipdsId":"IP-146481","costCenters":[{"id":65299,"text":"Alaska Science Center Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":441175,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index 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differences between wild and hatchery-reared Bloater (Coregonus hoyi) from Lake Michigan, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-24T17:46:51.914558","indexId":"70248812","displayToPublicDate":"2023-09-15T07:03:12","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1659,"text":"Fisheries Management and Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Morphological differences between wild and hatchery-reared Bloater (Coregonus hoyi) from Lake Michigan, USA","title":"Morphological differences between wild and hatchery-reared Bloater (Coregonus hoyi) from Lake Michigan, USA","docAbstract":"Coregonines (ciscoes and whitefishes) are economically, ecologically, and culturally important fishes that are distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere. In the Laurentian Great Lakes, coregonines declined throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, and managers have prioritized their restoration. A key restoration tool is reintroduction via stocking. However, hatchery-reared coregonines can display different morphologies than wild fish, which could affect their fitness. Unfortunately, our understanding of these differences is limited because previous work did not adequately remove allometric effects in morphological analyses. We compared morphologies between wild and hatchery-reared Bloater (Coregonus hoyi) from the same stock using appropriate size corrections. Hatchery-reared fish had shorter heads, shorter dorsal fins, and shallower bodies than wild fish. Moreover, some characters differed across wild fish collections. Our results improve our understanding of how artificial rearing can impact coregonine morphology, and we recommend future studies on what causes these differences and whether they impact fitness.
Brewer’s Sparrow (Spizella breweri), Sagebrush Sparrow (Artemisiospiza nevadensis), and Sage Thrasher (Oreoscoptus montanus)—during May to August 2019 in western Wyoming, USA, to assess whether nest predation risk was additive or compensatory, and whether nest predator removal could comprise a potentially effective management tool. Deer mouse removal did not affect the daily nest survival of songbirds between experimental and control plots, despite a reduction of 68%–85% in deer mouse abundance within treatment areas. Therefore, nest predation in this system likely operated in a compensatory way, in which deer mice that escaped removal, new immigrants, or other species of nest predator maintained similar levels of nest predation risk regardless of the prevalence of a primary predator. We caution that predator removal may not be an effective management tool in systems that lack barriers to predator immigration or have several alternative species of predators, even when a single species typically is responsible for the majority of predation events.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/ornithapp/duad049","usgsCitation":"Rhea, A., and Chalfoun, A.D., 2024, Experimental reduction of a primary nest predator fails to decrease nest predation rates of sagebrush songbirds: Ornithological Applications, v. 126, no. 1, duad049, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duad049.","productDescription":"duad049, 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-152282","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":441180,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duad049","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":430062,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.10293248807173,\n 43.052268562272644\n ],\n [\n -110.10293248807173,\n 42.66148792966857\n ],\n [\n -109.58642136582735,\n 42.66148792966857\n ],\n [\n -109.58642136582735,\n 43.052268562272644\n ],\n [\n -110.10293248807173,\n 43.052268562272644\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"126","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rhea, Ashleigh M.","contributorId":338396,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rhea","given":"Ashleigh M.","affiliations":[{"id":36628,"text":"University of Wyoming","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chalfoun, Anna D. 0000-0002-0219-6006 achalfoun@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0219-6006","contributorId":197589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chalfoun","given":"Anna","email":"achalfoun@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":903241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70248745,"text":"70248745 - 2024 - Hepatotoxic response of perfluorooctane sulfonamide (PFOSA) in early life stage zebrafish (Danio rerio) is greater than perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-19T11:52:38.073821","indexId":"70248745","displayToPublicDate":"2023-09-14T06:49:53","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2331,"text":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hepatotoxic response of perfluorooctane sulfonamide (PFOSA) in early life stage zebrafish (Danio rerio) is greater than perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS)","docAbstract":"Perfluorooctane sulfonamide (PFOSA), a typical perfluorooctane sulfonate precursor (PreFOS), has been detected in the aquatic environment globally. However, the effects of PFOSA at levels measured in the environment have not been well characterized in aquatic organisms. In this study, we evaluated the transcriptional, biochemical, histopathological, and morphological effects of PFOSA to characterize the underlying mechanisms of toxicity by using a universal model in aquatic ecotoxicology, zebrafish (Danio rerio). Transcriptional changes in PFOSA-exposed zebrafish predicted hepatic fibrosis and associated immune function. Subsequent, sublethal impacts were observed, which included significant alterations in liver-specific protein levels, increased immune cell numbers, and liver pathological structural damage. In addition, we compared the effects caused by PFOSA and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) at the same exposure concentration and found a greater hepatotoxic effect of PFOSA relative to PFOS, indicating that the adverse impacts of PFOSA may be more severe. This was the first study to comparatively explore the hepatotoxic response of PFOSA and PFOS in aquatic organisms, which can be used for ecological risk assessments of PreFOS compounds.
Coastal managers are facing imminent decisions regarding the fate of coastal wetlands, given ongoing threats to their persistence. There is a need for objective methods to identify which wetland parcels are candidates for restoration, monitoring, protection, or acquisition due to limited resources and restoration techniques. Here, we describe a new spatially comprehensive data set for Chesapeake Bay salt marshes, which includes the unvegetated-vegetated marsh ratio, elevation metrics, and sediment-based lifespan. Spatial aggregation across regions of the Bay shows a trend of increasing deterioration with proximity to the seaward boundary, coherent with conceptual models of coastal landscape response to sea-level rise. On a smaller scale, the signature of deterioration is highly variable within subsections of the Bay: fringing, peninsular, and tidal river marsh complexes each exhibit different spatial patterns with regards to proximity to the seaward edge. We then demonstrate objective methods to use these data for mapping potential management options on to the landscape, and then provide methods to estimate lifespan and potential changes in lifespan in response to restoration actions as well as future sea level rise. We account for actions that aim to increase sediment inventories, revegetate barren areas, restore hydrology, and facilitate salt marsh migration into upland areas. The distillation of robust geospatial data into simple decision-making metrics, as well as the use of those metrics to map decisions on the landscape, represents an important step towards science-based coastal management.
Institutional authority and responsibility for allocating water to ecosystems (“ecologically available water” [EAW]) is spread across local, state, and federal agencies, which operate under a range of statutes, mandates, and planning processes. We use a case study of the Upper Missouri Headwaters Basin in southwestern Montana, United States, to illustrate this fragmented institutional landscape. Our goals are to (a) describe the patchwork of agencies and institutional actors whose intersecting authorities and actions influence the EAW in the study basin; (b) describe the range of governance mechanisms these agencies use, including laws, policies, administrative programs, and planning processes; and (c) assess the extent to which the collective governance regime creates gaps in responsibility. We find the water governance regime includes a range of nested mechanisms that in various ways facilitate or hinder the governance of EAW. We conclude the current multilevel governance regime leaves certain aspects of EAW unaddressed and does not adequately account for the interconnections between water in different parts of the ecosystem, creating integrative gaps. We suggest that more intentional and robust coordination could provide a means to address these gaps.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/1752-1688.13167","usgsCitation":"Cravens, A.E., Goolsby, J.B., Jedd, T., Bathke, D., Crausbay, S., Cooper, A., Dunham, J., Haigh, T., Hall, K.R., Hayes, M.J., McEvoy, J., Nelson, R.L., Podebradska, M., Ramirez, A.R., Wickham, E., and Zoanni, D., 2024, The patchwork governance of ecologically available water: A case study in the Upper Missouri Headwaters, Montana, United States: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 60, no. 2, p. 406-426, https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.13167.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"406","endPage":"426","ipdsId":"IP-138823","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":441191,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index 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Nebraska-Lincoln","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Ramirez, Aaron R.","contributorId":149780,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ramirez","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":17824,"text":"UC Berkeley, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Wickham, Elliot","contributorId":204251,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wickham","given":"Elliot","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36892,"text":"University of Nebraska","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Zoanni, Dionne 0000-0003-3988-984X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3988-984X","contributorId":216494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zoanni","given":"Dionne","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":883263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}} ,{"id":70255145,"text":"70255145 - 2024 - Beyond overlap: Considering habitat preference and fitness outcomes in the umbrella species concept","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-13T12:14:13.523564","indexId":"70255145","displayToPublicDate":"2023-09-12T07:11:31","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":774,"text":"Animal Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Beyond overlap: Considering habitat preference and fitness outcomes in the umbrella species concept","docAbstract":"Umbrella species and other surrogate species approaches to conservation provide an appealing framework to extend the reach of conservation efforts beyond single species. For the umbrella species concept to be effective, populations of multiple species of concern must persist in areas protected on behalf of the umbrella species. Most assessments of the concept, however, focus exclusively on geographic overlap among umbrella and background species, and not measures that affect population persistence (e.g. habitat quality or fitness). We quantified the congruence between the habitat preferences and nesting success of a high-profile umbrella species (greater sage-grouse, Centrocercus urophasianus, hereafter ‘sage-grouse’), and three sympatric species of declining songbirds (Brewer's sparrow Spizella breweri, sage thrasher Oreoscoptes montanus and vesper sparrow Pooecetes gramineus) in central Wyoming, USA during 2012–2013. We used machine-learning methods to create data-driven predictions of sage-grouse nest-site selection and nest survival probabilities by modeling field-collected sage-grouse data relative to habitat attributes. We then used field-collected songbird data to assess whether high-quality sites for songbirds aligned with those of sage-grouse. Nest sites selected by songbirds did not coincide with sage-grouse nesting preferences, with the exception that Brewer's sparrows preferred similar nest sites to sage-grouse in 2012. Moreover, the areas that produced higher rates of songbird nest survival were unrelated to those for sage-grouse. Our findings suggest that management actions at local scales that prioritize sage-grouse nesting habitat will not necessarily enhance the reproductive success of sagebrush-associated songbirds. Measures implemented to conserve sage-grouse and other purported umbrella species at broad spatial scales likely overlap the distribution of many species, however, broad-scale overlap may not translate to fine-scale conservation benefit beyond the umbrella species itself. The maintenance of microhabitat heterogeneity important for a diversity of species of concern will be critical for a more holistic application of the umbrella species concept.
Spring-fed wetlands within arid and semiarid systems are hotspots for endemism and distribution of rare plants. Interactions among groundwater and the geomorphic and climatic features of the setting control the abiotic conditions, particularly soil salinity and moisture, that support these plants. However, water uncertainty and land use change challenge the persistence of conditions necessary to support rare plant communities. Wetland management can be implemented to sustain abiotic processes that support rare plant communities, but key information is needed to guide management practices. In this study, we evaluate the relationships of rare plants to abiotic conditions in a managed spring-fed arid wetland. Soil salinity and moisture conditions were monitored and related to the presence and abundance of rare plants within management units. Soil salinity and moisture variability were related to groundwater dynamics near springs, but wetland management influenced variability in seasonally flooded areas. Permanently saturated conditions and low soil salinities during the spring season supported higher plant diversity and the presence and greater abundance of rare plants. Rare plant presence and abundance were negatively related to low soil moisture, particularly in the summer. Results indicate that increases in soil salinity during the early establishment of plants may affect their distribution and abundance, an important management consideration in arid landscapes and hydrologically altered systems. Our findings inform the restoration and management of rare plant communities and contribute to the management of spring-fed arid wetlands.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/rec.14011","usgsCitation":"Cantu de Leija, A., and King, S.L., 2024, Relationships among rare plant communities and abiotic conditions in managed spring-fed arid wetlands: Restoration Ecology, v. 32, no. 6, e14011, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.14011.","productDescription":"e14011, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-149609","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499291,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.14011","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":432950,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","county":"Chavez County","otherGeospatial":"Bitter Lake National wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.36484598013773,\n 33.516209003994106\n ],\n [\n -104.440890439482,\n 33.51572504071022\n ],\n [\n -104.44147093153808,\n 33.40385436306539\n ],\n [\n -104.36542647219379,\n 33.40385436306539\n ],\n [\n -104.36484598013773,\n 33.516209003994106\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cantu de Leija, Antonio","contributorId":341010,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cantu de Leija","given":"Antonio","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, Sammy L. 0000-0002-5364-6361 sking@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5364-6361","contributorId":557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Sammy","email":"sking@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":907795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70256514,"text":"70256514 - 2024 - Structured decision making remains underused in ecological restoration despite opportunities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-07T23:41:42.07315","indexId":"70256514","displayToPublicDate":"2023-09-08T18:32:58","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5016,"text":"Environment Systems and Decisions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structured decision making remains underused in ecological restoration despite opportunities","docAbstract":"Ecological restoration is considered an essential activity as we attempt to repair anthropogenic degradation. Yet, resources are limited and it is important that efforts focus on activities that are effective and yield successful restoration. Structured decision making (SDM) is an organized framework that is designed to incorporate differing values across stakeholders and evaluate alternatives. The SDM framework typically consists of six steps: define the decision problem, define objectives and evaluation criteria, develop alternatives, estimate consequences, evaluate trade-offs, and decide, implement, and monitor. Here, we posit that SDM is well suited for ecological restoration, yet remains underused. Specifically, tools such as stakeholder surveys, conceptual modeling, and multi-criteria decision analysis are notably useful in ecological restoration and can be applied under the SDM framework to ensure robust and transparent decision making. We illustrate the application of SDM to ecological restoration with case studies that used SDM alongside ecosystem service assessments, for species-as-risk management, and to assess action desirability across large and diverse stakeholder groups. Finally, we demonstrate how SDM is equipped to handle many of the challenges associated with ecological restoration by identifying commonalities. We contend that increased use of SDM for ecological restoration by environmental managers has the potential to yield wise use of limited resources and more effective restoration outcomes.
The Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) is the primary breeding ground for many species of North American waterfowl. The PPR was historically dominated by mixed and tallgrass prairies interspersed with wetlands, but >70% of the native grassland area has been lost due to widespread conversion to croplands. Cover cropping is a reemerging farming technique that may provide suitable nesting cover for grassland nesting waterfowl in active croplands, but waterfowl nest survival in fall cover-cropped fields has not been evaluated. We studied use (nest abundance and density) and nest survival of breeding waterfowl in fall-seeded cover crops and perennial cover during 2018 and 2019. We searched 2,094 ha of cover crops and 1,604 ha of perennial cover and found 123 and 304 duck nests, respectively, in each cover type. Estimated nest success (34-day interval) was 3.7% and 16.6% in cover crops during 2018 and 2019, respectively, versus 22.1% in 2018 and 24.9% in 2019 in perennial cover, with increased success of cover-crop fields in 2019 resulting from precipitation that prevented most fields from being planted to row crops. In a model that included effects of planting, daily nest survival in perennial cover was 0.944 (SD = 0.026) in 2018 and 0.960 (SD = 0.019) in 2019. Estimated daily nest survival was 0.912 (SD = 0.040) in 2018 and 0.960 (SD = 0.019) in 2019 during intervals when planting did not occur, but was only 0.417 (SD = 0.124) in 2018 and 0.612 (SD = 0.117) in 2019 on the day that planting occurred. Estimated nest densities in 2018 and 2019, adjusted for nests that failed prior to discovery, were 5.1 (SE = 1.1) and 11.0 (SE = 3.1) nests 100-ha−1 in perennial cover, but only 2.1 (SE = 0.8) and 2.6 (SE = 0.7) in cover crops, respectively. Based on observed nest initiation and planting dates, about 70% of duck nests in cover crops would experience planting events in a typical growing season. Our results suggest that under current management techniques, fall-seeded cover crops offer poor nesting habitat for waterfowl; however, the important benefits cover crops provide to soil health, water quality, and other ecosystem services remain.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/wsb.1484","usgsCitation":"Gallman, C.W., Arnold, T., Michel, E.S., and Stafford, J.D., 2024, Evaluation of fall-seeded cover crops for grassland nesting waterfowl in eastern South Dakota: Wildlife Society Bulletin, https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.1484.","ipdsId":"IP-138726","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":441198,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.1484","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":432037,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.62300789778979,\n 42.70452095814687\n ],\n [\n -71.62300789778979,\n 42.65160665862743\n ],\n [\n -71.5465897901165,\n 42.65160665862743\n ],\n [\n -71.5465897901165,\n 42.70452095814687\n ],\n [\n -71.62300789778979,\n 42.70452095814687\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -101.06563969108848,\n 45.92537600884873\n ],\n [\n -101.06563969108848,\n 42.51351369305877\n ],\n [\n -96.13503097856136,\n 42.51351369305877\n ],\n [\n -96.13503097856136,\n 45.92537600884873\n ],\n [\n -101.06563969108848,\n 45.92537600884873\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Online First","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gallman, Charles W.","contributorId":340511,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gallman","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5089,"text":"South Dakota State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arnold, Todd W.","contributorId":340512,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arnold","given":"Todd W.","affiliations":[{"id":6626,"text":"University of Minnesota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Michel, Eric S.","contributorId":204829,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Michel","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":5089,"text":"South Dakota State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stafford, Joshua D. 0000-0001-7590-8708 jstafford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7590-8708","contributorId":267260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stafford","given":"Joshua","email":"jstafford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":907323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70248391,"text":"70248391 - 2024 - Nonlinear patterns of surface elevation change in coastal wetlands: The value of generalized additive models for quantifying rates of change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-26T14:08:55.764687","indexId":"70248391","displayToPublicDate":"2023-09-04T07:07:31","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nonlinear patterns of surface elevation change in coastal wetlands: The value of generalized additive models for quantifying rates of change","docAbstract":"In the face of accelerating climate change and rising sea levels, quantifying surface elevation change dynamics in coastal wetlands can help to develop a more complete understanding of the implications of sea-level rise on coastal wetland stability. The surface elevation table-marker horizon (SET-MH) approach has been widely used to quantify and characterize surface elevation change dynamics in coastal marshes and mangrove forests. Whereas past studies that utilized the SET-MH approach have most often quantified rates of surface elevation change using simple linear regression analyses, several recent studies have shown that elevation patterns can include a diverse combination of linear and non-linear patterns. Generalized additive models (GAMs) are an extension of generalized linear models (GLMs) that have previously been used to analyze a variety of complex ecological processes such as cyclical changes in water quality, species distributions, long-term patterns in wetland area change, and palaeoecological time series. Here, we use long-term SET data to demonstrate the value of generalized additive models for analyzing non-linear patterns of surface elevation change in coastal wetlands. Additionally, we illustrate how the GAM approach can be used to effectively quantify rates of elevation change at both landscape- and local site-level scales.
Introduction The decline of North American grasslands is a topic of increasing interest as agencies and organizations work to address subsequent declines in wildlife species, including grassland birds (Rosenberg et al. 2019), pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) (Gedir et al. 2015), and other grassland-dependent taxa. In response to grassland habitat loss, conservation programs and policies have been developed to provide biologists and landowners mechanisms to restore grassland habitat on private lands. These range from federal programs such as the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s (USFWS) Partners for Fish and Wildlife program (PFW) and the Natural Resources Conservation Service’s (NRCS) Environmental Quality Incentive Program, state programs such as Texas Parks and Wildlife Department’s Pastures for Upland Birds, and partnership-based programs such as the Oaks and Prairies Joint Venture’s Grassland Restoration Incentive Program (GRIP). When managing and restoring grassland habitat, these programs typically utilize the same set of practices: prescribed grazing, prescribed fire, herbicide, brush management, and range planting. To restore grasslands at scale, large sums of funding have been invested into these programs. For example, approximately $1 million is spent by PFW in Texas annually (D. Wilhelm, USFWS, personal communication). However, it is rare for these conservation programs to have associated monitoring efforts that are consistently used to assess the effectiveness of the aforementioned practices in achieving program and project objectives. As such, it is difficult to communicate to funders and the public whether these conservation programs are successfully addressing grassland decline. Similar objectives and practices across programs, however, provide a unique opportunity for developing an innovative monitoring methodology that focuses on providing a collaborative solution to this dilemma. Our objective is to develop a grassland monitoring program that can be used across agencies, organizations, and conservation programs to assess the effectiveness of practices and programs in restoring healthy grasslands. In addition, we seek to develop a program that maintains consistency to allow for regional to national-scale reporting while also allowing flexibility for achieving local and partner monitoring objectives. Our vision is for this program to be used across North American grasslands to improve our ability to address the questions: “Is it actually working?” and “How can we improve habitat delivery?”
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"America's Grasslands Conference: Reconnecting America's Grasslands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"6th Biennial Conference on the Conservation of America’s Grasslands","conferenceDate":"August 8-10, 2023","conferenceLocation":"Cheyenne, Wyoming","language":"English","publisher":"National Wildlife Federation","collaboration":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, American Bird Conservancy","usgsCitation":"Matthews, A.M., Rylander, R.J., Bunting, D., Duniway, M.C., Giocomo, J.J., Knight, A.C., Leiva, A., Perez, R.M., Stonehouse, K., Wiley, D., and Wilhelm, D., 2024, Grassland Effectiveness Monitoring (GEM): A tiered approach for habitat treatment assessment across private lands incentive programs, in America's Grasslands Conference: Reconnecting America's Grasslands, Cheyenne, Wyoming, August 8-10, 2023, p. 5-10.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"5","endPage":"10","ipdsId":"IP-158103","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":462397,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nwf.org/-/media/Documents/PDFs/Our-Lands/2023-Americas-Grasslands-Conference-Proceedings.pdf"},{"id":462407,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Matthews, Anna M.","contributorId":344621,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matthews","given":"Anna","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17929,"text":"American Bird Conservancy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":914346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rylander, Rebekah J.","contributorId":344623,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rylander","given":"Rebekah","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17929,"text":"American Bird Conservancy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":914347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bunting, Daniel","contributorId":245870,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bunting","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[{"id":49355,"text":"Harris Environmental, Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":914348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Duniway, Michael C. 0000-0002-9643-2785 mduniway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9643-2785","contributorId":4212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duniway","given":"Michael","email":"mduniway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":914349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Giocomo, James J.","contributorId":344625,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Giocomo","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17929,"text":"American Bird Conservancy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":914350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Knight, Anna C. 0000-0002-9455-2855","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9455-2855","contributorId":255113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knight","given":"Anna","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":914351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Leiva, Adriana","contributorId":344626,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leiva","given":"Adriana","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":914352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Perez, Robert M.","contributorId":344628,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perez","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17929,"text":"American Bird Conservancy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":914353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Stonehouse, Kourtney","contributorId":344630,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stonehouse","given":"Kourtney","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":914354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Wiley, Derek","contributorId":344631,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiley","given":"Derek","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27442,"text":"Texas parks and Wildlife Department","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":914355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Wilhelm, Don","contributorId":344635,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilhelm","given":"Don","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":914356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70248030,"text":"70248030 - 2024 - Mapping stream and floodplain geomorphometry with the Floodplain and Channel Evaluation Tool","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-10T15:40:18.467889","indexId":"70248030","displayToPublicDate":"2023-09-01T08:01:07","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":16692,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Assocation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping stream and floodplain geomorphometry with the Floodplain and Channel Evaluation Tool","docAbstract":"Broad-scale mapping of stream channel and floodplain geomorphic metrics is critical to improve the understanding of geomorphic change, biogeochemical processes, riverine habitat quality, and opportunities for management intervention. The Floodplain and Channel Evaluation Tool (FACET) was developed to provide an open-source tool for automated processing of digital elevation models (DEMs) to generate regional-scale estimates of bank height, channel width, floodplain width, and a suite of other fluvial geomorphic dimensions that can be summarized at the stream reach- or catchment-scale. FACET was tested on 3-m DEMs covering the Delaware River watershed and 85% of the Chesapeake Bay watershed in the United States (U.S.) and on 1-m DEMs for a subset of the study area. Accuracy was assessed from data collected at 67 field sites in the study area. FACET successfully measured geomorphometry for over 270,000 stream reaches (88% of streams attempted) in the study area. Factors that reduced the ability of FACET to accurately estimate geomorphic metrics included errors in DEM hydro-conditioning, gradually sloping banks, incised stream channels, and the use of fixed input parameters to define buffer lengths. Even with these limitations, FACET was able to map regional patterns in stream and floodplain geomorphometry providing a robust dataset that can enhance modeling and management efforts throughout the mid-Atlantic region, U.S.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/1752-1688.13163","usgsCitation":"Hopkins, K.G., Ahmed, L., Claggett, P.R., Lamont, S., Metes, M.J., and Noe, G.E., 2024, Mapping stream and floodplain geomorphometry with the Floodplain and Channel Evaluation Tool: Journal of the American Water Resources Assocation, v. 60, no. 2, p. 480-498, https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.13163.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"480","endPage":"498","ipdsId":"IP-122007","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498279,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.13163","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435100,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9RQJPT1","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Geomorphometry for Streams and Floodplains in the Chesapeake and Delaware Watersheds"},{"id":420407,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, New Jersey, New York, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay Watershed, Delaware Bay Watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.0949618969048,\n 36.62653336736905\n ],\n [\n -73.85224340648863,\n 36.62653336736905\n ],\n [\n -73.85224340648863,\n 43.03867782373945\n ],\n [\n -82.0949618969048,\n 43.03867782373945\n ],\n [\n -82.0949618969048,\n 36.62653336736905\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"60","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hopkins, Kristina G. 0000-0003-1699-9384 khopkins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1699-9384","contributorId":195604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopkins","given":"Kristina","email":"khopkins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":881561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ahmed, Labeeb 0000-0003-4524-9611","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4524-9611","contributorId":303117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahmed","given":"Labeeb","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":881562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Claggett, Peter R. 0000-0002-5335-2857 pclaggett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5335-2857","contributorId":176287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Claggett","given":"Peter","email":"pclaggett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":881563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lamont, Samuel","contributorId":328860,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lamont","given":"Samuel","affiliations":[{"id":78512,"text":"Athenium Analytics","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Metes, Marina J. 0000-0002-6797-9837","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6797-9837","contributorId":204835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metes","given":"Marina","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":881565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Noe, Gregory E. 0000-0002-6661-2646 gnoe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6661-2646","contributorId":139100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noe","given":"Gregory","email":"gnoe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":881566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70248903,"text":"70248903 - 2024 - Critical considerations for communicating environmental DNA science","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-26T15:46:32.554716","indexId":"70248903","displayToPublicDate":"2023-09-01T06:49:26","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5840,"text":"Environmental DNA","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Critical considerations for communicating environmental DNA science","docAbstract":"The economic and methodological efficiencies of environmental DNA (eDNA) based survey approaches provide an unprecedented opportunity to assess and monitor aquatic environments. However, instances of inadequate communication from the scientific community about confidence levels, knowledge gaps, reliability, and appropriate parameters of eDNA-based methods have hindered their uptake in environmental monitoring programs and, in some cases, has created misperceptions or doubts in the management community. To help remedy this situation, scientists convened a session at the Second National Marine eDNA Workshop to discuss strategies for improving communications with managers. These include articulating the readiness of different eDNA applications, highlighting the strengths and limitations of eDNA tools for various applications or use cases, communicating uncertainties associated with specified uses transparently, and avoiding the exaggeration of exploratory and preliminary findings. Several key messages regarding implementation, limitations, and relationship to existing methods were prioritized. To be inclusive of the diverse managers, practitioners, and researchers, we and the other workshop participants propose the development of communication workflow plans, using RACI (Responsible, Accountable, Consulted, Informed) charts to clarify the roles of all pertinent individuals and parties and to minimize the chance for miscommunications. We also propose developing decision support tools such as Structured Decision-Making (SDM) to help balance the benefits of eDNA sampling with the inherent uncertainty, and developing an eDNA readiness scale to articulate the technological readiness of eDNA approaches for specific applications. These strategies will increase clarity and consistency regarding our understanding of the utility of eDNA-based methods, improve transparency, foster a common vision for confidently applying eDNA approaches, and enhance their benefit to the monitoring and assessment community.
MODFLOW 6 is the latest in a line of six “core” versions of MODFLOW released by the U.S. Geological Survey. The MODFLOW 6 architecture supports incorporation of additional hydrologic processes, in addition to groundwater flow, and allows interaction between processes. The architecture supports multiple model instances and multiple types of models within a single simulation, a flexible approach to formulating and solving the equations that represent hydrologic processes, and recent advances in interoperability, which allow MODFLOW to be accessed and controlled by external programs. The present version of MODFLOW 6 consolidates popular capabilities available in MODFLOW variants, such as the unstructured grid support in MODFLOW-USG, the Newton-Raphson formulation in MODFLOW-NWT, and the support for partitioned stress boundaries in MODFLOW-CDSS. The flexible multi-model capability allows users to configure MODFLOW 6 simulations to represent the local-grid refinement (LGR) capabilities available in MODFLOW-LGR, the multi-species transport capabilities in MT3DMS, and the coupled variable-density capabilities available in SEAWAT. This paper provides a new, holistic and integrated overview of simulation capabilities made possible by the MODFLOW 6 architecture, and describes how ongoing and future development can take advantage of the program architecture to integrate new capabilities in a way that is minimally invasive and automatically compatible with the existing MODFLOW 6 code.
Arctic marine mammals live in a rapidly changing environment due to the amplified effects of global warming. Pacific walruses (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) have responded to declines in Arctic sea-ice extent by increasingly hauling out on land farther from their benthic foraging habitat. Energy models can be useful for better understanding the potential implications of changes in behavior on body condition and reproduction but require behavior-specific metabolic rates. Here we measured the resting metabolic rates (RMR) of three captive, adult female Pacific walruses through breath-by-breath respirometry when fed and fasted resting out of water (sitting and lying down) and while fed resting in water. RMR in and out of water were positively related with pretrial energy intake when not fasted and 25% higher than RMR when walruses were fasted and out of water. Overall, RMR was higher than previously estimated for this species. Fasting RMR out of water was only 25% lower than subsurface swimming metabolic rates suggestive of relatively efficient swimming in adult females. Our results identify the importance of considering feeding status and species-specific differences in affecting metabolic costs. Further research is needed to better understand potential energetic costs of thermoregulation at temperatures experienced by wild walruses.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/mms.13065","usgsCitation":"Rode, K.D., Rocabert, J., Borque-Espinosa, A., Ferrero-Fernandez, D., and Fahlman, A., 2024, Effects of feeding and habitat on resting metabolic rates of the Pacific walrus: Marine Mammal Science, v. 40, no. 1, p. 184-195, https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.13065.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"184","endPage":"195","ipdsId":"IP-145412","costCenters":[{"id":65299,"text":"Alaska Science Center Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498278,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.13065","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":420359,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Spain","city":"Valencia","otherGeospatial":"Oceanogràfic Aquarium","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -0.34989761056129964,\n 39.45284564008105\n ],\n [\n -0.34791806836184946,\n 39.452167673433905\n ],\n [\n -0.34636955551226833,\n 39.451822524241294\n ],\n [\n -0.3414366640649007,\n 39.450614488592265\n ],\n [\n -0.34180383721491125,\n 39.45273470053647\n ],\n [\n -0.3416601607646328,\n 39.45399200502928\n ],\n [\n -0.34461351001357343,\n 39.45374547652608\n ],\n [\n -0.3473752906621712,\n 39.45420155357053\n ],\n [\n -0.3483012055616257,\n 39.45469460647391\n ],\n [\n -0.34900362376129124,\n 39.45427551172804\n ],\n [\n -0.34989761056129964,\n 39.45284564008105\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"40","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rode, Karyn D. 0000-0002-3328-8202 krode@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3328-8202","contributorId":5053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rode","given":"Karyn","email":"krode@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":881513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rocabert, Joan","contributorId":328857,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rocabert","given":"Joan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78510,"text":"Adm+ engineering","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Borque-Espinosa, Alicia","contributorId":269982,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Borque-Espinosa","given":"Alicia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":56054,"text":"Universitat de Valencia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ferrero-Fernandez, Diana","contributorId":328858,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ferrero-Fernandez","given":"Diana","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78511,"text":"Avanqua Oceanografic SL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fahlman, Andreas","contributorId":269986,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fahlman","given":"Andreas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":56058,"text":"Fundacion Oceanografic de la Comunitat Valenciana","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70252624,"text":"70252624 - 2024 - Wind River Subbasin Restoration Annual Report of USGS Activities January 2021 through December 2022","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-01T11:59:57.750462","indexId":"70252624","displayToPublicDate":"2023-08-31T06:58:06","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Wind River Subbasin Restoration Annual Report of USGS Activities January 2021 through December 2022","docAbstract":"We sampled juvenile wild Steelhead Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in headwater streams of the Wind River, WA, to characterize population attributes and investigate life-history metrics, particularly migratory patterns, and early life-stage survival. We used passive integrated transponder (PIT) tagging and a series of instream PIT-tag interrogation systems (PTISs) to track juveniles and adults. The Wind River subbasin is considered a wild Steelhead refuge by Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW). No hatchery Steelhead Trout have been released in the Wind River subbasin since 1997, and hatchery adults are estimated at less than one percent of spawners in most years. Over twenty years of Steelhead Trout status and trend monitoring and research in the subbasin is contributing to understanding of population response to numerous restoration actions in the subbasin, including removal of Hemlock Dam from Trout Creek in 2009, which had an outdated adult ladder and contributed to increased water temperatures reducing performance of juvenile Steelhead Trout. \n\nData from our study, and companion work by Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, are contributing to Bonneville Power Administrations (BPA) Research, Monitoring, and Evaluation (RM&E) Program Strategy of Fish Population Status Monitoring (https://www.cbfish.org/ProgramStrategy.mvc/Index). Specifically, this work addresses the sub-strategies of 1) Assessing the Status and Trends of Diversity of Natural Origin Fish Populations and Uncertainties Research regarding differing life histories of a wild Steelhead Trout population, 2) Assessing the Status and Trend of Adult Natural Origin Fish Populations, and 3) Monitoring and Evaluating the Effectiveness of Tributary Habitat Actions Relative to Environmental, Physical, or Biological Performance Objectives. \n\nDuring summer and fall 2021 and 2022, we PIT-tagged 1,889 and 1,391 Steelhead parr (age-0 and age-1), respectively, in the Trout Creek and upper Wind River watersheds. Age-0 parr were at lower densities in 2022 than many years due to a poor return of adult Steelhead spawners in 2022. Steelhead Trout parr were recaptured and detected through repeat headwater sampling, smolt trap operations, and instream PTISs and Columbia River PIT-tag detection infrastructure. We maintained, and upgraded in 2022, a series of six instream PTISs to monitor movement of tagged Steelhead Trout parr, smolts, and adults, providing data to population assessments, and life-cycle research and modeling. \n\nWe continue to improve our PTISs in the Wind River subbasin. The improvements in siting and addition of grid power to the upper Wind River PTIS (site code WRU, rkm 27.6) during 2016 and 2017, and the addition of the Mine Reach site (site code MIN, rkm 36.0) have much improved PIT-tagged fish monitoring in the upper Wind River watershed. The paired PTIS design in the upper Wind River watershed (sites WRU and MIN) matches that in the Trout Creek watershed (sites TRC, rkm 2.0; and TC4, rkm 11.5) and will allow comparisons of Steelhead Trout population metrics between the two watersheds as response to Hemlock Dam removal continues and future restoration efforts occur in Trout Creek. \n\nDuring summer 2022, we upgraded three PTISs with new transceivers and new or reconfigured antennas. We replaced the Biomark 1001 Multiplexing Transceivers with Biomark MTS IS1001 Master Controller and individual IS1001 Transceivers at WRU, TRC (Trout Creek, rkm 2.0), and TC4 (Trout Creek at 43 Road Bridge, rkm 11.5). These new transceivers and antennas will improve detection performance due to increased read range and decreased susceptibility to noise. We also installed an additional IS1001 Transceiver and 11-foot antenna at WRA in summer 2021 to increase cross-channel and water column coverage.\n\nDetection data from PIT-tagged adult Steelhead Trout at PTISs allow assessment of adult escapement to tributary watersheds within the Wind River subbasin. Adult Steelhead Trout detection efficiency estimates at our primary PTIS in Trout Creek have been greater than 99 percent during six of the past eight years and have exceeded 97% at our primary PTIS in the Wind River during seven of the past eight years. Adult escapement estimates to tributary watersheds are helping us evaluate the efficacy of the 2009 removal of Hemlock Dam from rkm 2.0 of Trout Creek. The dam had potential negative effects on Steelhead Trout populations in Trout Creek due to hydrologic impairment, increased temperatures, and adult passage issues. Hemlock Dam was laddered for adult passage, but not to modern standards, which likely resulted in avoidance by some adult Steelhead Trout. \n\nDetections at the instream PTISs have demonstrated trends of age-0 and age-1 parr emigration from natal areas during summer and fall, in addition to the expected movement of parr and smolts in spring. We have estimated that from 15 to 51% of parr tagged as age-0 fish in headwater areas make downstream migrations at age 1 for additional rearing. Downstream movement occurs primarily during spring but also in fall. We have estimated that up to 27% of Steelhead Trout parr, tagged as age-1 fish, make downstream migrations during fall. Fall migration of age-1 parr has been more common in the upper Wind River watershed than the Trout Creek watershed. These findings raise questions about where parr most successfully rear and whether migrations are density- or habitat-quality driven. Broader monitoring programs would give a more comprehensive understanding of juvenile Steelhead Trout production and rearing and contributions to adult recruitment from varied rearing strategies. \n\nRepeat sampling at consistent locations in the subbasin has enabled assessment of juvenile Steelhead Trout growth patterns. Growth rates (relative change in weight) of age-0 PIT-tagged parr during summer were similar across the subbasin, though slightly lower in the Trout Creek watershed. The greatest summer growth rate was in the mainstem of the Wind River (rkm 37 and 41). Summer growth rates were lower for age-1 parr in the Trout Creek watershed than the upper Wind River watershed. Yearly relative growth was similar across the subbasin for both age-0 and age-1 tagged parr. Lower Layout Creek had the highest yearly growth rate of parr from age-0 to age-1. Mainstem Wind River (rkm 37) had the highest yearly growth rate of parr from age-1 to age-2. \n\nNon-native Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis are present in the subbasin, chiefly the Trout Creek watershed, and repeat sampling provides an index of their prevalence. Mean percent-of-catch that is Brook Trout, at four sample sites in Trout Creek, has declined from the period 1998 2003 to the period 2011 2022. Percent-of-catch and number of Brook Trout at the Trout Creek sites from 2011 through 2022 has generally declined, though both metrics have been somewhat variable. \n\nEvaluation and planning of habitat restoration efforts are critical to ensure efficient use of money and resources. Assessing Steelhead Trout life history variation in the Wind River subbasin will inform research and tracking of many populations and help inform habitat restoration and water allocation planning. Movement of Steelhead Trout parr from natal areas to other rearing areas raises questions regarding juvenile abundance, origin, and habitat use within watersheds. Improved PTISs and focused PIT-tagging of age-0 and age-1 Steelhead Trout parr allow investigation of such questions. Increasingly detailed viable salmonid population information, such as that provided by PIT-tagging and instream PTIS networks like those in the Wind River, can provide data to inform fisheries policy and management and understand life-history strategies and limiting factors. Such efforts also enable assessment of long-term effects of habitat restoration actions such as the removal of Hemlock Dam on Trout Creek, and the proposed Stage-0 restoration effort for upper Trout Creek, which would be a large-scale effort to reset sections of stream within their floodplain, restoring connectivity and interaction with surrounding landscape.","language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","collaboration":"Bonneville Power Administration","usgsCitation":"Jezorek, I., 2024, Wind River Subbasin Restoration Annual Report of USGS Activities January 2021 through December 2022, 68 p.","productDescription":"68 p.","ipdsId":"IP-156916","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":427265,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":427258,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.cbfish.org/Document.mvc/Viewer/P204538"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jezorek, Ian 0000-0002-3842-3485","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3842-3485","contributorId":217811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jezorek","given":"Ian","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":897744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70256540,"text":"70256540 - 2024 - Scenario planning and multispecies occupancy models reveal positive avian responses to restoration of afforested woodlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-15T23:13:54.162082","indexId":"70256540","displayToPublicDate":"2023-08-29T18:09:23","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Scenario planning and multispecies occupancy models reveal positive avian responses to restoration of afforested woodlands","docAbstract":"Scenario planning is a powerful approach for assessing restoration outcomes under alternative futures. However, developing plausible scenarios remains daunting in complex systems like ecological communities. Here, we used Bayesian multispecies occupancy modeling to develop scenarios to assess woodland restoration outcomes in afforested communities in seven wildlife management areas in Arkansas, U.S.A. Our objectives were (1) to define plausible woodland restoration and afforestation scenarios by quantifying historic ranges of variation in mean tree cover and tree cover heterogeneity from 1986 to 2021 and (2) to predict changes in bird species richness and occupancy patterns for six species of greatest conservation need under two future scenarios: complete afforestation (100% tree cover) and woodland restoration (based on remotely sensed historic tree cover). Using 35 years of remotely sensed tree cover data and 6 years of bird monitoring data, we developed multispecies occupancy models to predict future bird species richness and occupancy under the complete afforestation and woodland restoration scenarios. Between 1986 and 2021, tree cover increased in all study areas—with one increasing 70%. Under the woodland restoration scenario, avian species richness increased up to 20%, and four of six species of greatest conservation need exhibited gains in occupancy probability. The complete afforestation scenario had negligible effects on richness and occupancy. Overall, we found decreasing tree cover to historic levels prior to widespread afforestation would provide community-level benefits and would do little harm even to forest-dependent species of conservation concern. Applying multispecies occupancy modeling within a scenario planning framework allows for comparing multiscale trade-offs between plausible futures.