{"pageNumber":"211","pageRowStart":"5250","pageSize":"25","recordCount":10466,"records":[{"id":5224954,"text":"5224954 - 2009 - Effect of distance-related heterogeneity on population size estimates from point counts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-07T14:21:01","indexId":"5224954","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:36","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of distance-related heterogeneity on population size estimates from point counts","docAbstract":"Point counts are used widely to index bird populations. Variation in the proportion of birds counted is a known source of error, and for robust inference it has been advocated that counts be converted to estimates of absolute population size. We used simulation to assess nine methods for the conduct and analysis of point counts when the data included distance-related heterogeneity of individual detection probability. Distance from the observer is a ubiquitous source of heterogeneity, because nearby birds are more easily detected than distant ones. Several recent methods (dependent double-observer, time of first detection, time of detection, independent multiple-observer, and repeated counts) do not account for distance-related heterogeneity, at least in their simpler forms. We assessed bias in estimates of population size by simulating counts with fixed radius w over four time intervals (occasions). Detection probability per occasion was modeled as a half-normal function of distance with scale parameter sigma and intercept g(0) = 1.0. Bias varied with sigma/w; values of sigma inferred from published studies were often <25 m, which suggests a bias of >50% for a 100-m fixed-radius count. More critically, the bias of adjusted counts sometimes varied more than that of unadjusted counts, and inference from adjusted counts would be less robust. The problem was not solved by using mixture models or including distance as a covariate. Conventional distance sampling performed well in simulations, but its assumptions are difficult to meet in the field. We conclude that no existing method allows effective estimation of population size from point counts.","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1525/auk.2009.07197","usgsCitation":"Efford, M.G., and Dawson, D.K., 2009, Effect of distance-related heterogeneity on population size estimates from point counts: The Auk, v. 126, no. 1, p. 100-111, https://doi.org/10.1525/auk.2009.07197.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"100","endPage":"111","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476007,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/auk.2009.07197","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":202124,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"126","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db6257c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Efford, Murray G.","contributorId":91616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Efford","given":"Murray","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dawson, Deanna K. ddawson@usgs.gov","contributorId":1257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"Deanna","email":"ddawson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":343273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5224924,"text":"5224924 - 2009 - Latitudinal trends in Spartina alterniflora productivity and the response of coastal marshes to global change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-20T13:19:03","indexId":"5224924","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:34","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Latitudinal trends in Spartina alterniflora productivity and the response of coastal marshes to global change","docAbstract":"Marshes worldwide are actively degrading in response to increased sea level rise rates and reduced sediment delivery, though the growth rate of vegetation plays a critical role in determining their stability. We have compiled 56 measurements of above-ground annual productivity for Spartina alterniflora, the dominant macrophyte in North American coastal wetlands. Our compilation indicates a significant latitudinal gradient in productivity, which we interpret to be determined primarily by temperature and/or the length of growing season. Simple linear regression yields a 27 g m-2 yr -1 increase in productivity with an increase of mean annual temperature by one degree C. If temperatures warm 2?4 C over the next century, then marsh productivity may increase by 10?40%, though physiological research suggests that increases in the north could potentially be offset by some decreases in the south. This increase in productivity is roughly equivalent to estimates of marsh lost due to future sea level change. If a warming-induced stimulation of vegetation growth will enhance vertical accretion and limit erosion, then the combined effects of global change may be to increase the total productivity and ecosystem services of tidal wetlands, at least in Northern latitudes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01834.x","usgsCitation":"Kirwan, M., Guntenspergen, G.R., and Morris, J.T., 2009, Latitudinal trends in Spartina alterniflora productivity and the response of coastal marshes to global change: Global Change Biology, v. 15, no. 8, p. 1982-1989, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01834.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1982","endPage":"1989","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202127,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a89ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirwan, Matthew L. 0000-0002-0658-3038","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0658-3038","contributorId":84060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirwan","given":"Matthew L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guntenspergen, Glenn R. 0000-0002-8593-0244 glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8593-0244","contributorId":2885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guntenspergen","given":"Glenn","email":"glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":343176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morris, James T.","contributorId":29118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70042305,"text":"70042305 - 2009 - Importance of light, temperature, zooplankton, and fish in predicting the nighttime vertical distribution of Mysis diluviana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-05T17:02:28.814924","indexId":"70042305","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":860,"text":"Aquatic Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Importance of light, temperature, zooplankton, and fish in predicting the nighttime vertical distribution of Mysis diluviana","docAbstract":"

The opossum shrimp Mysis diluviana (formerly M. relicta) performs large amplitude diel vertical migrations in Lake Ontario and its nighttime distribution is influenced by temperature, light and the distribution of its predators and prey. At one location in southeastern Lake Ontario, we measured the vertical distribution of mysids, mysid predators (i.e. planktivorous fishes) and mysid prey (i.e. zooplankton), in addition to light and temperature, on 8 occasions from May to September, 2004 and 2005. We use these data to test 3 different predictive models of mysid habitat selection, based on: (1) laboratory-derived responses of mysids to different light and temperature gradients in the absence of predator or prey cues; (2) growth rate of mysids, as estimated with a mysid bioenergetics model, given known prey densities and temperatures at different depths in the water column; (3) ratio of growth rates (g) and mortality risk (μ) associated with the distribution of predatory fishes. The model based on light and temperature preferences was a better predictor of mysid vertical distribution than the models based on growth rate and g:μ on all 8 occasions. Although mysid temperature and light preferences probably evolved as mechanisms to reduce predation while increasing foraging intake, the response to temperature and light alone predicts mysid vertical distribution across seasons in Lake Ontario.

","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research Science Publisher","doi":"10.3354/ab00161","usgsCitation":"Boscarino, B., Rudstam, L.G., Ellenberger, S., and O’Gorman, R., 2009, Importance of light, temperature, zooplankton, and fish in predicting the nighttime vertical distribution of Mysis diluviana: Aquatic Biology, v. 5, p. 263-279, https://doi.org/10.3354/ab00161.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"263","endPage":"279","ipdsId":"IP-011081","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476014,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/ab00161","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":406140,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"New York, Ontario","otherGeospatial":"Lake Ontario","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.310302734375,\n 43.141078106345866\n ],\n [\n -79.090576171875,\n 43.241201214257885\n ],\n [\n -78.5357666015625,\n 43.34914966389313\n ],\n [\n -78.1292724609375,\n 43.35314407444698\n ],\n [\n -77.77221679687499,\n 43.305193797650546\n ],\n [\n -77.51953125,\n 43.197167282501276\n ],\n [\n -77.3931884765625,\n 43.257205668363206\n ],\n [\n -77.0965576171875,\n 43.26120612479979\n ],\n [\n -76.89880371093749,\n 43.18915769654922\n ],\n [\n -76.89880371093749,\n 43.27320591705845\n ],\n [\n -76.6900634765625,\n 43.305193797650546\n ],\n [\n -76.61865234374999,\n 43.389081939117496\n ],\n [\n -76.4813232421875,\n 43.440954591707445\n ],\n [\n -76.3934326171875,\n 43.49676775343911\n ],\n [\n -76.2615966796875,\n 43.49676775343911\n ],\n [\n -76.13525390624999,\n 43.560491112629286\n ],\n [\n -76.1297607421875,\n 43.66389797397276\n ],\n [\n -76.2066650390625,\n 43.830564195198264\n ],\n [\n -76.0968017578125,\n 43.88601647043421\n ],\n [\n -76.014404296875,\n 44.02047156335411\n ],\n [\n -76.102294921875,\n 44.13097085672744\n ],\n [\n -76.2615966796875,\n 44.09547572946637\n ],\n [\n -76.3165283203125,\n 44.11914151643737\n ],\n [\n -75.970458984375,\n 44.26093725039923\n ],\n [\n -75.7342529296875,\n 44.44554600843547\n ],\n [\n -75.816650390625,\n 44.54742015866826\n ],\n [\n -75.98693847656249,\n 44.41416430998939\n ],\n [\n -76.17919921875,\n 44.3670601700202\n ],\n [\n -76.409912109375,\n 44.3002644115815\n ],\n [\n -76.552734375,\n 44.264871151101985\n ],\n [\n -76.629638671875,\n 44.26093725039923\n ],\n [\n -76.8109130859375,\n 44.20583500104184\n ],\n [\n -76.9866943359375,\n 44.25700308645885\n ],\n [\n -77.178955078125,\n 44.19402066387343\n ],\n [\n -77.2723388671875,\n 44.209772586984485\n ],\n [\n -77.4261474609375,\n 44.17038488259618\n ],\n [\n -77.706298828125,\n 44.07969327425713\n ],\n [\n -78.0084228515625,\n 44.01652134387754\n ],\n [\n -78.3270263671875,\n 43.98095752608484\n ],\n [\n -78.5028076171875,\n 43.937461690316646\n ],\n [\n -78.651123046875,\n 43.937461690316646\n ],\n [\n -78.837890625,\n 43.909765943908\n ],\n [\n -79.1070556640625,\n 43.858296779161826\n ],\n [\n -79.37072753906249,\n 43.67979094030124\n ],\n [\n -79.4805908203125,\n 43.667871610117494\n ],\n [\n -79.6563720703125,\n 43.54854811091286\n ],\n [\n -79.749755859375,\n 43.393073720674415\n ],\n [\n -79.98046875,\n 43.297198404646366\n ],\n [\n -79.9420166015625,\n 43.25320494908846\n ],\n [\n -79.8046875,\n 43.24520272203356\n ],\n [\n -79.310302734375,\n 43.141078106345866\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"512b44a7e4b0523e997a8154","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boscarino, Brent","contributorId":9883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boscarino","given":"Brent","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":813100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rudstam, Lars G.","contributorId":56609,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rudstam","given":"Lars","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":471237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellenberger, S.A.","contributorId":221950,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ellenberger","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":813101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O’Gorman, Robert rogorman@usgs.gov","contributorId":3451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Gorman","given":"Robert","email":"rogorman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":813102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70042361,"text":"70042361 - 2009 - Local versus landscape-scale effects of savanna trees on grasses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-27T15:21:01","indexId":"70042361","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2242,"text":"Journal of Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Local versus landscape-scale effects of savanna trees on grasses","docAbstract":"

1. Savanna ecosystems – defined by the coexistence of trees and grasses – cover more than one‐fifth the world’s land surface and harbour most of the world’s rangelands, livestock and large mammal diversity. Savanna trees can have a variety of effects on grasses, with consequences for the wild and domestic herbivores that depend on them.

2. Studies of these effects have focused on two different spatial scales. At the scale of individual trees, many studies have shown net positive effects of trees on sub‐canopy grass nutrient concentrations and biomass. At the landscape scale, other studies have shown negative effects of high tree densities on grass productivity. These disparate results have led to different conclusions about the effects of trees on forage quality and ungulate nutrition in savannas.

3. We integrate these approaches by examining the effects of trees on grasses at both spatial scales and across a range of landscape‐scale tree densities. We quantified grass biomass, species composition and nutrient concentrations in these different contexts in an Acacia drepanolobium savanna in Laikipia, Kenya.

4. Individual trees had positive effects on grass biomass, most likely because trees enrich soil nitrogen. Grass leaf phosphorus in sub‐canopy areas, however, was depressed. The effects of individual trees could explain the effects of increasing landscape‐scale tree cover for the biomass of only two of the four dominant grass species.

5. The negative effects of trees on grass and soil phosphorus, combined with depressed grass productivity in areas of high tree cover, suggest that ungulate nutrition may be compromised in areas with many trees.

6. Synthesis. We conclude that few, isolated trees may have positive local effects on savanna grasses and forage, but in areas of high tree density the negative landscape‐scale effects of trees are likely to outweigh these positive effects. In savannas and other patchy landscapes, attempts to predict the consequences of changes in patch abundances for ecosystem services (e.g. rangeland productivity and carbon sequestration) will depend on our understanding of the extent to which local, patch‐scale dynamics do or do not predict landscape‐scale dynamics.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01563.x","usgsCitation":"Riginos, C., Grace, J.B., Augustine, D., and Young, T.P., 2009, Local versus landscape-scale effects of savanna trees on grasses: Journal of Ecology, v. 97, no. 6, p. 1337-1345, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01563.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1337","endPage":"1345","ipdsId":"IP-017331","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270749,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":265272,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01563.x"}],"country":"United States","volume":"97","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-10-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5165386be4b077fa94dadfb5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riginos, Corinna","contributorId":98606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riginos","given":"Corinna","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grace, James B. 0000-0001-6374-4726 gracej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"James","email":"gracej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Augustine, David J.","contributorId":36849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Augustine","given":"David J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Young, Truman P.","contributorId":210434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Young","given":"Truman","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70042435,"text":"70042435 - 2009 - Effects of Groundwater Development on Uranium: Central Valley, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-09T19:34:21","indexId":"70042435","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of Groundwater Development on Uranium: Central Valley, California, USA","docAbstract":"Uranium (U) concentrations in groundwater in several parts of the eastern San Joaquin Valley, California, have exceeded federal and state drinking water standards during the last 20 years. The San Joaquin Valley is located within the Central Valley of California and is one of the most productive agricultural areas in the world. Increased irrigation and pumping associated with agricultural and urban development during the last 100 years have changed the chemistry and magnitude of groundwater recharge, and increased the rate of downward groundwater movement. Strong correlations between U and bicarbonate suggest that U is leached from shallow sediments by high bicarbonate water, consistent with findings of previous work in Modesto, California. Summer irrigation of crops in agricultural areas and, to lesser extent, of landscape plants and grasses in urban areas, has increased Pco2 concentrations in the soil zone and caused higher temperature and salinity of groundwater recharge. Coupled with groundwater pumping, this process, as evidenced by increasing bicarbonate concentrations in groundwater over the last 100 years, has caused shallow, young groundwater with high U concentrations to migrate to deeper parts of the groundwater system that are tapped by public-supply wells. Continued downward migration of U-affected groundwater and expansion of urban centers into agricultural areas will likely be associated with increased U concentrations in public-supply wells. The results from this study illustrate the potential longterm effects of groundwater development and irrigation-supported agriculture on water quality in arid and semiarid regions around the world.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2009.00635.x","usgsCitation":"Jurgens, B., Fram, M.S., Belitz, K., Burow, K.R., and Landon, M.K., 2009, Effects of Groundwater Development on Uranium: Central Valley, California, USA: Ground Water, v. 48, no. 6, p. 913-928, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2009.00635.x.","startPage":"913","endPage":"928","numberOfPages":"16","ipdsId":"IP-006319","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270746,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270744,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://oh.water.usgs.gov/tanc/pubs/Jurgens&Others_2009.pdf"},{"id":270745,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2009.00635.x"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","volume":"48","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-11-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5165386ae4b077fa94dadf9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jurgens, Bryant C. 0000-0002-1572-113X bjurgens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1572-113X","contributorId":1503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jurgens","given":"Bryant C.","email":"bjurgens@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":471521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fram, Miranda S. 0000-0002-6337-059X mfram@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6337-059X","contributorId":1156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fram","given":"Miranda","email":"mfram@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burow, Karen R. 0000-0001-6006-6667 krburow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-6667","contributorId":1504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burow","given":"Karen","email":"krburow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Landon, Matthew K. 0000-0002-5766-0494 landon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-0494","contributorId":392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landon","given":"Matthew","email":"landon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70043493,"text":"70043493 - 2009 - Lysimetric Evaluation of Simplified Surface Energy Balance Approach in the Texas High Plains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-07T21:40:33","indexId":"70043493","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":833,"text":"Applied Engineering in Agriculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lysimetric Evaluation of Simplified Surface Energy Balance Approach in the Texas High Plains","docAbstract":"Numerous energy balance (EB) algorithms have been developed to make use of remote sensing data to estimate evapotranspiration (ET) regionally. However, most EB models are complex to use and efforts are being made to simplify procedures mainly through the scaling of reference ET. The Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) is one such method. This approach has never been evaluated using measured ET data. In this study, the SSEB approach was applied to fourteen Landsat TM images covering a major portion of the Southern High Plains that were acquired during 2006 and 2007 cropping seasons. Performance of the SSEB was evaluated by comparing estimated ET with measured daily ET from four large monolithic lysimeters at the USDA-ARS Conservation and Production Research Laboratory, Bushland, Texas. Statistical evaluation of results indicated that the SSEB accounted for 84% of the variability in the measured ET values with a slope and intercept of 0.75 and 1.1 mm d-1, respectively. Considering the minimal amount of ancillary data required and excellent performance in predicting daily ET, the SSEB approach is a promising tool for mapping ET in the semiarid Texas High Plains and in other parts of the world with similar hydro-climatic conditions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Engineering in Agriculture","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Senay, G.B., Gowda, P., Howell, T., and Marek, T., 2009, Lysimetric Evaluation of Simplified Surface Energy Balance Approach in the Texas High Plains: Applied Engineering in Agriculture, v. 25, no. 5, p. 665-669.","startPage":"665","endPage":"669","ipdsId":"IP-021547","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270644,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270643,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://naldc.nal.usda.gov/download/37867/PDF"}],"country":"United States","volume":"25","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5162956ee4b0c25842758cff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Senay, Gabriel B. 0000-0002-8810-8539 senay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":3114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel","email":"senay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gowda, P.H.","contributorId":63652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gowda","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Howell, T.A.","contributorId":57694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howell","given":"T.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marek, T.H.","contributorId":38815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marek","given":"T.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70190220,"text":"70190220 - 2009 - Zoogeography, conservation, and ecology of crayfishes within the Cheat River basin of the Upper Monongehela River drainage, West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-05T13:29:34.428219","indexId":"70190220","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-31T10:16:53","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5132,"text":"Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Zoogeography, conservation, and ecology of crayfishes within the Cheat River basin of the Upper Monongehela River drainage, West Virginia","docAbstract":"

During summer 2008, we studied the geographic distribution and conservation status of crayfishes within the Cheat River basin of the upper Monongahela River drainage. Stream sites (n = 73) were selected with a probabilistic sampling design, whereas one reservoir (Cheat Lake) and seven terrestrial sites for burrowing crayfishes were selected non-randomly. Stream crayfishes were seined or hand-collected following standardized protocols, and physical habitat and physiochemical water quality parameters were recorded at each site. Cambarus b. bartonii, C. carinirostris, and Orconectes obscurus were initially documented within the Cheat River basin in 1956. Surveys conducted in the late 1980s documented the presence of C. carinirostris, C. dubius, C. monongalensis, and O. obscurus. Our data on crayfish distributions from 2008 are consistent with those of the late 1980s. Survey data from 1956, however, indicated depauperate populations of Cambarus throughout the basin during a time period of basin-wide habitat and water quality degradation. Currently, C. carinirostris is abundant throughout the Cheat River system, except in areas with low pH and elevated conductivity. Orconectes obscurus populations within the Cheat River basin are stable and occur primarily in higher stream orders. Future astacological efforts in the Cheat River basin, however, are needed to define the distribution of the basins two burrowing species, C. dubius and C. monongalensis. 

","language":"English","publisher":"West Virginia Academy of Science","usgsCitation":"Welsh, S., 2009, Zoogeography, conservation, and ecology of crayfishes within the Cheat River basin of the Upper Monongehela River drainage, West Virginia: Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science, v. 81, no. 2, p. 25-40.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"40","ipdsId":"IP-023056","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":382954,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":382953,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pwvas.org/index.php/pwvas/issue/view/95"}],"country":"United States","state":"West Vigninia","otherGeospatial":"Cheat River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.89944458007812,\n 39.41922073655956\n ],\n [\n -79.58633422851562,\n 39.41922073655956\n ],\n [\n -79.58633422851562,\n 39.72197606377427\n ],\n [\n -79.89944458007812,\n 39.72197606377427\n ],\n [\n -79.89944458007812,\n 39.41922073655956\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"81","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Welsh, Stuart A. 0000-0003-0362-054X swelsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0362-054X","contributorId":152088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welsh","given":"Stuart A.","email":"swelsh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":708022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70175007,"text":"70175007 - 2009 - New record for Woldstedtius flavolineatus (Ichneumonidae: Diplazontinae), a hymenopteran parasitoid of syrphid flies in Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T12:59:39","indexId":"70175007","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-23T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5449,"text":"Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New record for Woldstedtius flavolineatus (Ichneumonidae: Diplazontinae), a hymenopteran parasitoid of syrphid flies in Hawaii","docAbstract":"

The parasitoid wasp Woldstedtius flavolineatus (Gravenhorst) (Ichneumonidae) attacks the larvae of syrphid flies (Syrphidae). Woldstedtius flavolineatus was collected in Hawaii for the first time during an extensive malaise trap-based survey of parasitoids in Hawaiian forests. Since its initial collection on Hawaii Island in January 2006, it has been collected at five additional sites on Hawaii Island and at one site each on Maui and Oahu. Malaise trap results from Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge showed a strong seasonal pattern of abundance, with peak population levels reached during July–September. Rearing of its host, Allograpta obliqua (Say), collected from koa (Acacia koa Gray) at Hakalau over two days, revealed a parasitism rate of approximately 95%. Broader impacts of this alien wasp are unknown, but a reduction in host syrphid abundance could result in an increase in numbers of psyllids and aphids (Homoptera) that are preyed upon by syrphid larvae. Furthermore, a reduction in adult syrphids could impact the reproductive success of some of the plants they pollinate.

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\"}}]}","volume":"41","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"579889bce4b0589fa1c6bad2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cappadonna, Justin","contributorId":140005,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cappadonna","given":"Justin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13351,"text":"University of Hawaii Cooperative Studies Unit","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Euaparadorn, Melody","contributorId":37240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euaparadorn","given":"Melody","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peck, Robert W.","contributorId":45629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peck","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Banko, Paul C. 0000-0002-6035-9803 pbanko@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6035-9803","contributorId":3179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banko","given":"Paul","email":"pbanko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70191348,"text":"70191348 - 2009 - Microbial disease and the coral holobiont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-05T11:37:29","indexId":"70191348","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5312,"text":"Trends in Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microbial disease and the coral holobiont","docAbstract":"

Tropical coral reefs harbour a reservoir of enormous biodiversity that is increasingly threatened by direct human activities and indirect global climate shifts. Emerging coral diseases are one serious threat implicated in extensive reef deterioration through disruption of the integrity of the coral holobiont – a complex symbiosis between the coral animal, endobiotic alga and an array of microorganisms. In this article, we review our current understanding of the role of microorganisms in coral health and disease, and highlight the pressing interdisciplinary research priorities required to elucidate the mechanisms of disease. We advocate an approach that applies knowledge gained from experiences in human and veterinary medicine, integrated into multidisciplinary studies that investigate the interactions between host, agent and environment of a given coral disease. These approaches include robust and precise disease diagnosis, standardised ecological methods and application of rapidly developing DNA, RNA and protein technologies, alongside established histological, microbial ecology and ecological expertise. Such approaches will allow a better understanding of the causes of coral mortality and coral reef declines and help assess potential management options to mitigate their effects in the longer term.

","language":"English","publisher":"Cell Press","doi":"10.1016/j.tim.2009.09.004","usgsCitation":"Bourne, D.G., Garren, M.E., Work, T.M., Rosenberg, E., Smith, G.W., and Harvell, C.D., 2009, Microbial disease and the coral holobiont: Trends in Microbiology, v. 17, no. 12, p. 554-562, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2009.09.004.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"554","endPage":"562","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":346420,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59d744a3e4b05fe04cc7e327","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bourne, David G.","contributorId":13856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bourne","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":712031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garren, Mary E.","contributorId":196950,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garren","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":712032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Work, Thierry M. 0000-0002-4426-9090 thierry_work@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4426-9090","contributorId":1187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Work","given":"Thierry","email":"thierry_work@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":712033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rosenberg, Eugene","contributorId":11520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberg","given":"Eugene","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":712034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, Garriet W.","contributorId":49715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Garriet","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":712035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Harvell, C. Drew","contributorId":32843,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harvell","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Drew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":712036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70238316,"text":"70238316 - 2009 - Seismic wave triggering of nonvolcanic tremor, episodic tremor and slip, and earthquakes on Vancouver Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-16T12:19:57.60703","indexId":"70238316","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-16T06:15:47","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic wave triggering of nonvolcanic tremor, episodic tremor and slip, and earthquakes on Vancouver Island","docAbstract":"

[1] We explore the physical conditions that enable triggering of nonvolcanic tremor and earthquakes by considering local seismic activity on Vancouver Island, British Columbia during and immediately after the arrival of large-amplitude seismic waves from 30 teleseismic and 17 regional or local earthquakes. We identify tremor triggered by four of the teleseismic earthquakes. The close temporal and spatial proximity of triggered tremor to ambient tremor and aseismic slip indicates that when a fault is close to or undergoing failure, it is particularly susceptible to triggering of further events. The amplitude of the triggering waves also influences the likelihood of triggering both tremor and earthquakes such that large amplitude waves triggered tremor in the absence of detectable aseismic slip or ambient tremor. Tremor and energy radiated from regional/local earthquakes share the same frequency passband so that tremor cannot be identified during these smaller, more frequent events. We confidently identify triggered local earthquakes following only one teleseism, that with the largest amplitude, and four regional or local events that generated vigorous aftershock sequences in their immediate vicinity. Earthquakes tend to be triggered in regions different from tremor and with high ambient seismicity rates. We also note an interesting possible correlation between large teleseismic events and episodic tremor and slip (ETS) episodes, whereby ETS events that are “late” and have built up more stress than normal are susceptible to triggering by the slight nudge of the shaking from a large, distant event, while ETS events that are “early” or “on time” are not.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2008JB005875","usgsCitation":"Rubinstein, J.L., Gomberg, J.S., Vidale, J.E., Wech, A.G., Kao, H., Creager, K.C., and Rogers, G., 2009, Seismic wave triggering of nonvolcanic tremor, episodic tremor and slip, and earthquakes on Vancouver Island: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 114, no. B2, B00A01, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JB005875.","productDescription":"B00A01, 22 p.","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476047,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008jb005875","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":409368,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","otherGeospatial":"Vancouver Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -129.07456784884982,\n 51.34618138931154\n ],\n [\n -129.07456784884982,\n 48.05212858901916\n ],\n [\n -122.57342250710434,\n 48.05212858901916\n ],\n [\n -122.57342250710434,\n 51.34618138931154\n ],\n [\n -129.07456784884982,\n 51.34618138931154\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"114","issue":"B2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-02-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rubinstein, Justin L. 0000-0003-1274-6785 jrubinstein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1274-6785","contributorId":2404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubinstein","given":"Justin","email":"jrubinstein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":857056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gomberg, Joan S. 0000-0002-0134-2606 gomberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0134-2606","contributorId":1269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomberg","given":"Joan","email":"gomberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":857057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vidale, John E.","contributorId":48850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vidale","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":857058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wech, Aaron G. 0000-0003-4983-1991 awech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4983-1991","contributorId":5344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wech","given":"Aaron","email":"awech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":857059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kao, Honn","contributorId":105419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kao","given":"Honn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":857060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Creager, Kenneth C.","contributorId":32810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Creager","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":857061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rogers, Garry C.","contributorId":196263,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rogers","given":"Garry C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":857062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70156114,"text":"70156114 - 2009 - Earth science: lasting earthquake legacy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-17T11:28:04","indexId":"70156114","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-04T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earth science: lasting earthquake legacy","docAbstract":"

Earthquakes occur within continental tectonic plates as well as at plate boundaries. Do clusters of such mid-plate events constitute zones of continuing hazard, or are they aftershocks of long-past earthquakes?

\n

Early on the morning of 16 December 1811, an earthquake of about magnitude 7 shook the centre of the United States around a small town on the Mississippi called New Madrid. By 7 February 1812, it had triggered three more shocks of similar magnitude. The earthquakes broke a set of faults along the Arkansas, Missouri and Tennessee state boundaries, apparently reactivating an ancient rift in the interior of a continental tectonic plate.

\n

On 31 August 1886, a magnitude-7 shock struck Charleston, South Carolina; low-level activity continues there today. One view of seismic hazard is that large earthquakes will return to New Madrid and Charleston at intervals of about 500 years. With expected ground motions that would be stronger than average, that prospect produces estimates of earthquake hazard that rival those at the plate boundaries marked by the San Andreas fault and Cascadia subduction zone. The result is two large 'bull's-eyes' on the US National Seismic Hazard Maps — which, for example, influence regional building codes and perceptions of public safety.

","language":"English","publisher":"Macmillan Journals Ltd.","publisherLocation":"London","doi":"10.1038/462042a","usgsCitation":"Parsons, T.E., 2009, Earth science: lasting earthquake legacy: Nature, v. 462, p. 41-42, https://doi.org/10.1038/462042a.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"42","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-018358","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306796,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"462","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-11-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d305b1e4b0518e35468cef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsons, Thomas E. 0000-0002-0582-4338 tparsons@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0582-4338","contributorId":2314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"Thomas","email":"tparsons@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":567889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70043336,"text":"70043336 - 2009 - Comprehensive inter-laboratory calibration of reference materials for δ18O versus VSMOW using various on-line high-temperature conversion techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-01T13:34:59","indexId":"70043336","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3233,"text":"Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Comprehensive inter-laboratory calibration of reference materials for δ18O versus VSMOW using various on-line high-temperature conversion techniques","title":"Comprehensive inter-laboratory calibration of reference materials for δ18O versus VSMOW using various on-line high-temperature conversion techniques","docAbstract":"

Internationally distributed organic and inorganic oxygen isotopic reference materials have been calibrated by six laboratories carrying out more than 5300 measurements using a variety of high-temperature conversion techniques (HTC) in an evaluation sponsored by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). To aid in the calibration of these reference materials, which span more than 125‰, an artificially enriched reference water (δ18O of +78.91‰) and two barium sulfates (one depleted and one enriched in 18O) were prepared and calibrated relative to VSMOW2 and SLAP reference waters. These materials were used to calibrate the other isotopic reference materials in this study, which yielded:

Reference materialδ18O and estimated combined uncertainty 
IAEA-602 benzoic acid+71.28 ± 0.36‰
USGS35 sodium nitrate+56.81 ± 0.31‰
IAEA-NO-3 potassium nitrate+25.32 ± 0.29‰
IAEA-601 benzoic acid+23.14 ± 0.19‰
IAEA-SO-5 barium sulfate+12.13 ± 0.33‰
NBS 127 barium sulfate+8.59 ± 0.26‰
VSMOW2 water0‰
IAEA-600 caffeine−3.48 ± 0.53‰
IAEA-SO-6 barium sulfate−11.35 ± 0.31‰
USGS34 potassium nitrate−27.78 ± 0.37‰
SLAP water−55.5‰

The seemingly large estimated combined uncertainties arise from differences in instrumentation and methodology and difficulty in accounting for all measurement bias. They are composed of the 3-fold standard errors directly calculated from the measurements and provision for systematic errors discussed in this paper. A primary conclusion of this study is that nitrate samples analyzed for δ18O should be analyzed with internationally distributed isotopic nitrates, and likewise for sulfates and organics. Authors reporting relative differences of oxygen-isotope ratios (δ18O) of nitrates, sulfates, or organic material should explicitly state in their reports the δ18O values of two or more internationally distributed nitrates (USGS34, IAEA-NO-3, and USGS35), sulfates (IAEA-SO-5, IAEA-SO-6, and NBS 127), or organic material (IAEA-601 benzoic acid, IAEA-602 benzoic acid, and IAEA-600 caffeine), as appropriate to the material being analyzed, had these reference materials been analyzed with unknowns. This procedure ensures that readers will be able to normalize the δ18O values at a later time should it become necessary.

The high-temperature reduction technique for analyzing δ18O and δ2H is not as widely applicable as the well-established combustion technique for carbon and nitrogen stable isotope determination. To obtain the most reliable stable isotope data, materials should be treated in an identical fashion; within the same sequence of analyses, samples should be compared with working reference materials that are as similar in nature and in isotopic composition as feasible.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rcm.3958","usgsCitation":"Brand, W., Coplen, T.B., Aerts-Bijma, A.T., Bohlke, J., Gehre, M., Geilmann, H., Groning, M., Jansen, H.G., Meijer, H.A., Mroczkowski, S.J., Qi, H., Soergel, K., Stuart-Williams, H., Weise, S.M., and Werner, R.A., 2009, Comprehensive inter-laboratory calibration of reference materials for δ18O versus VSMOW using various on-line high-temperature conversion techniques: Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, v. 23, p. 999-1019, https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.3958.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"999","endPage":"1019","numberOfPages":"21","ipdsId":"IP-010249","costCenters":[{"id":146,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Eastern Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269014,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267270,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.3958"}],"volume":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-03-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5252e4b0b290850f4756","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brand, Willi A.","contributorId":38866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brand","given":"Willi A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coplen, Tyler B. 0000-0003-4884-6008 tbcoplen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4884-6008","contributorId":508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"Tyler","email":"tbcoplen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aerts-Bijma, Anita T.","contributorId":85855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aerts-Bijma","given":"Anita","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bohlke, John Karl 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":84641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"John Karl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gehre, Matthias","contributorId":34004,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gehre","given":"Matthias","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Geilmann, Heike","contributorId":41303,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Geilmann","given":"Heike","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13365,"text":"Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":473417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Groning, Manfred","contributorId":47659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groning","given":"Manfred","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jansen, Henk G.","contributorId":56466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jansen","given":"Henk","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Meijer, Harro A. J.","contributorId":65684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meijer","given":"Harro","email":"","middleInitial":"A. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Mroczkowski, Stanley J. 0000-0001-8026-6025 smroczko@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8026-6025","contributorId":2628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mroczkowski","given":"Stanley","email":"smroczko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Qi, Haiping 0000-0002-8339-744X haipingq@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8339-744X","contributorId":507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qi","given":"Haiping","email":"haipingq@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Soergel, Karin","contributorId":45921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soergel","given":"Karin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Stuart-Williams, Hilary","contributorId":24971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuart-Williams","given":"Hilary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Weise, Stephan M.","contributorId":9487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weise","given":"Stephan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Werner, Roland A.","contributorId":187806,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Werner","given":"Roland","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":97945,"text":"ofr20091219 - 2009 - Physical, Chemical, Ecological, and Age Data and Trench Logs from Surficial Deposits at Hatch Point, Southeastern Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:46","indexId":"ofr20091219","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1219","title":"Physical, Chemical, Ecological, and Age Data and Trench Logs from Surficial Deposits at Hatch Point, Southeastern Utah","docAbstract":"This report presents data and describes the methodology for physical, chemical and ecological measurements of sediment, soil, and vegetation, as well as age determinations of surficial deposits at Hatch Point, Canyon Rims area, Colorado Plateau, southeastern Utah. The results presented in this report support a study that examines geomorphic and soil factors that may influence boundaries between shrubland and grassland ecosystems in the study area. Shrubland ecosystems dominated by sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) and grassland ecosystems dominated by native perennial grasses (for example, Hilaria jamesii and Sporabolis sp.) are high-priority conservation targets for the Federal Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and other resource managers because of their diversity, productivity, and vital importance as wildlife habitat. These ecosystems have been recognized as imperiled on a regional scale since at least the mid-1990s due to habitat loss (type conversions), land-use practices, and invasive exotic plants. In the Intermountain West, the exotic annual cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) is recognized as one of the most pervasive and serious threats to the health of native sagebrush and grassland ecosystems through effects on fire regimes and resource conditions experienced by native species.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091219","usgsCitation":"Goldstein, H., Miller, M.E., Yount, J., Reheis, M., Reynolds, R.L., Belnap, J., Lamothe, P.J., and McGeehan, J.P., 2009, Physical, Chemical, Ecological, and Age Data and Trench Logs from Surficial Deposits at Hatch Point, Southeastern Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1219, iv, 190 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091219.","productDescription":"iv, 190 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118558,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1219.jpg"},{"id":13119,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1219/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.66666666666667,38.2 ], [ -109.66666666666667,38.36666666666667 ], [ -109.5,38.36666666666667 ], [ -109.5,38.2 ], [ -109.66666666666667,38.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685b30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goldstein, Harland L.","contributorId":32999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldstein","given":"Harland L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Mark E.","contributorId":91580,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6959,"text":"National Park Service Southeast Utah Group","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":303668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yount, James C.","contributorId":39341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yount","given":"James C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reheis, Marith C. 0000-0002-8359-323X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8359-323X","contributorId":101244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reheis","given":"Marith C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reynolds, Richard L. 0000-0002-4572-2942 rreynolds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4572-2942","contributorId":441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Richard","email":"rreynolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":271,"text":"Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lamothe, Paul J. plamothe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamothe","given":"Paul","email":"plamothe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McGeehan, John P.","contributorId":9370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGeehan","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70003497,"text":"70003497 - 2009 - A case study of carbon fluxes from land change in the Southwest Brazilian Amazon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-05T17:41:20.934657","indexId":"70003497","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-08T14:46:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2367,"text":"Journal of Land Use Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A case study of carbon fluxes from land change in the Southwest Brazilian Amazon","docAbstract":"

Worldwide, land change is responsible for one-fifth of anthropogenic carbon emissions. In Brazil, three-quarters of carbon emissions originate from land change. This study represents a municipal-scale study of carbon fluxes from vegetation in Rio Branco, Brazil. Land-cover maps of pasture, forest, and secondary growth from 1993, 1996, 1999, and 2003 were produced using an unsupervised classification method (overall accuracy = 89%). Carbon fluxes from land change over the decade of imagery were estimated from transitions between land-cover categories for each time interval. This article presents new methods for estimating emissions reductions from carbon stored in the vegetation that replaces forests (e.g., pasture) and sequestration by new (>10–15 years) forests, which reduced gross emissions by 16, 15, and 22% for the period of 1993–1996, 1996–1999, and 1999–2003, respectively. The methods used in the analysis are broadly applicable and provide a comprehensive characterization of regional-scale carbon fluxes from land change.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/17474230903222481","usgsCitation":"Barrett, K., Rogan, J., and Eastman, J., 2009, A case study of carbon fluxes from land change in the Southwest Brazilian Amazon: Journal of Land Use Science, v. 4, no. 4, p. 233-248, https://doi.org/10.1080/17474230903222481.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"233","endPage":"248","costCenters":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476055,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17474230903222481","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":384095,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Brazil","otherGeospatial":"Southwest Brazilian Amazon Rainforest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -50.5810546875,\n -0.17578097424708533\n ],\n [\n -69.8291015625,\n -3.425691524418062\n ],\n [\n -72.861328125,\n -5.134714634014442\n ],\n [\n -73.95996093749999,\n -7.318881730366743\n ],\n [\n -73.212890625,\n -9.535748998133615\n ],\n [\n -72.0703125,\n -9.96885060854611\n ],\n [\n -70.57617187499999,\n -9.579084335882534\n ],\n [\n -70.48828125,\n -11.049038346537094\n ],\n [\n -68.37890625,\n -12.46876014482322\n ],\n [\n -69.12597656249999,\n -14.434680215297268\n ],\n [\n -60.55664062499999,\n -14.349547837185362\n ],\n [\n -55.37109374999999,\n -14.562317701914843\n ],\n [\n -49.833984375,\n -12.983147716796566\n ],\n [\n -44.736328125,\n -10.833305983642491\n ],\n [\n -41.1767578125,\n -8.49410453755187\n ],\n [\n -39.5068359375,\n -5.747174076651375\n ],\n [\n -39.287109375,\n -3.3818237353282767\n ],\n [\n -40.341796875,\n -2.6357885741666065\n ],\n [\n -43.41796875,\n -2.2406396093827206\n ],\n [\n -45.0439453125,\n -1.5818302639606454\n ],\n [\n -48.47167968749999,\n -0.21972602392080884\n ],\n [\n -50.5810546875,\n -0.17578097424708533\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b1117","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barrett, K.","contributorId":40318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrett","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rogan, J.","contributorId":80386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogan","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eastman, J.R.","contributorId":18876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eastman","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70148167,"text":"70148167 - 2009 - Foraging behavior of pileated woodpeckers in partial cut and uncut bottomland hardwood forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-26T12:00:46","indexId":"70148167","displayToPublicDate":"2009-09-15T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Foraging behavior of pileated woodpeckers in partial cut and uncut bottomland hardwood forest","docAbstract":"

In bottomland hardwood forests, partial cutting techniques are increasingly advocated and used to create habitat for priority wildlife like Louisiana black bear (Ursus americanus luteolus), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), and Neotropical migrants. Although partial cutting may be beneficial to some species, those that use dead wood may be negatively affected since large diameter and poor quality trees (deformed, moribund, or dead) are rare, but normally targeted for removal. On the other hand, partial cutting can create dead wood if logging slash is left on-site. We studied foraging behavior of pileated woodpeckers (Dryocopus pileatus) in one- and two-year-old partial cuts designed to benefit priority species and in uncut forest during winter, spring, and summer of 2006 and 2007 in Louisiana. Males and females did not differ in their use of tree species, dbh class, decay class, foraging height, use of foraging tactics or substrate types; however, males foraged on larger substrates than females. In both partial cut and uncut forest, standing live trees were most frequently used (83% compared to 14% for standing dead trees and 3% for coarse woody debris); however, dead trees were selected (i.e. used out of proportion to availability). Overcup oak (Quercus lyrata) and bitter pecan (Carya aquatica) were also selected and sugarberry (Celtis laevigata) avoided. Pileated woodpeckers selected trees >= 50 cm dbh and avoided trees in smaller dbh classes (10-20 cm). Density of selected foraging substrates was the same in partial cut and uncut forest. Of the foraging substrates, woodpeckers spent 54% of foraging time on live branches and boles, 37% on dead branches and boles, and 9% on vines. Of the foraging tactics, the highest proportion of foraging time was spent excavating (58%), followed by pecking (14%), gleaning (14%), scaling (7%), berry-eating (4%), and probing (3%). Woodpecker use of foraging tactics and substrates, and foraging height and substrate diameter did not differ between recent partial cut and uncut forest. Partial cutting designed to improve or maintain habitat for priority wildlife did not affect pileated woodpecker foraging behavior or availability of selected trees compared to uncut forest in the short term.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2009.06.053","collaboration":"Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries; Arkansas Natural Heritage Commission; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Louisiana Fish and Wildlife Cooperative Research Unit","usgsCitation":"Newell, P., King, S.L., and Kaller, M.D., 2009, Foraging behavior of pileated woodpeckers in partial cut and uncut bottomland hardwood forest: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 258, no. 7, p. 1456-1464, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.06.053.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1456","endPage":"1464","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-008033","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300789,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"258","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55659944e4b0d9246a9eb623","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Newell, P.","contributorId":98147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newell","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, Sammy L. 0000-0002-5364-6361 sking@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5364-6361","contributorId":557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Sammy","email":"sking@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kaller, Michael D.","contributorId":58005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaller","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70236402,"text":"70236402 - 2009 - Prologue","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-06T12:01:22.465547","indexId":"70236402","displayToPublicDate":"2009-09-06T06:58:03","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prologue","docAbstract":"

The Southern California Continental Borderland and the associated Western Transverse Ranges constitute one of the most distinctive environments on the west coast of North America. Current thinking indicates that the physiography of the region resulted from change in plate motion during the Miocene when a remnant of the Farallon Plate was captured by the Pacific Plate off Southern California. This capture led to extensional deformation of the major upper plates within the subduction zone, rotation and translation of large crustal blocks in the region, and widespread volcanism (e.g., Nicholson et al., 1994). The continental microplate that encompasses the Western Transverse Ranges province eventually rotated at least 90° clockwise, and intense crustal extension affected parts of the region that became the Borderland. Subsequent deformation, including the development of the San Andreas Fault system, led to north-south compression in parts of the region and possible westward escape of crustal blocks. The resulting complex configuration of basins and ranges continues to be seismically active and contains small-scale examples of such physiographic features as canyons, fans, and continental slopes that bear strong similarity to much larger features found in the major oceanic basins.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2009.2454(00)","usgsCitation":"Lee, H., and Normark, W.R., 2009, Prologue: GSA Special Papers, v. 454, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.2454(00).","productDescription":"5 p.","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":406227,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"454","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Homa J. hjlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":1021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Homa J.","email":"hjlee@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":850900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Normark, William R.","contributorId":69570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Normark","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70243705,"text":"70243705 - 2009 - Review of the geologic history of the Pontchartrain Basin, northern Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-18T14:22:30.153328","indexId":"70243705","displayToPublicDate":"2009-09-01T09:08:28","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Review of the geologic history of the Pontchartrain Basin, northern Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"

The Pontchartrain Basin extends over 44,000 km² from northern Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico and includes one of the largest and most important estuarine systems in the United States. The basin supports a variety of environments, from woodlands in the north to wetlands in the south, and a growing socioeconomic infrastructure that has led to rapid development of the southern half of the basin over the past two centuries. To properly administer this infrastructure, managers need to understand the complex geologic framework of the basin and how it will respond to continued sea-level rise, variable rates and magnitudes of land subsidence, and human alteration of the landscape. This article summarizes the body of work that describes the regional evolution and stratigraphic architecture of the Pontchartrain Basin. The northern two-thirds of the basin is underlain by a stratigraphy of undifferentiated sands and clays deposited throughout the Plio-Pleistocene by glacially influenced rivers. These deposits were weathered and incised by rivers during sea-level low stands, forming a series of terraces that increase with age from south to north. The southern third of the basin is composed of estuaries formed during the Holocene, while shoreline processes created a series of sandy barriers that restricted communication to the Gulf of Mexico. The Mississippi River completed the geologic development of the basin by building a sequence of subdelta lobes along this southern margin over the past 5000 years, further sealing it from the open Gulf of Mexico. Presently, the modern Mississippi River bypasses the estuarine environment and only contributes sediments during flood events when the river overtops the levee system. Sea-level rise, subsidence within the Holocene delta-plain deposits, and movement along numerous fault systems are the active natural processes that continue to affect basin geomorphology.

","language":"English","publisher":"Allen Press","doi":"10.2112/SI54-013.1","usgsCitation":"Flocks, J.G., Kulp, M., Smith, J.L., and Williams, S.J., 2009, Review of the geologic history of the Pontchartrain Basin, northern Gulf of Mexico: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 2009, no. 10054, p. 12-22, https://doi.org/10.2112/SI54-013.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"12","endPage":"22","ipdsId":"IP-014519","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":417213,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana, Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Pontchartrain Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.48438518846766,\n 33.04571662043911\n ],\n [\n -92.02519596436625,\n 33.04571662043911\n ],\n [\n -92.02519596436625,\n 29.32658563467514\n ],\n [\n -89.48438518846766,\n 29.32658563467514\n ],\n [\n -89.48438518846766,\n 33.04571662043911\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2009","issue":"10054","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flocks, James G 0000-0002-6177-7433","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6177-7433","contributorId":305496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flocks","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"G","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":872999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kulp, Mark","contributorId":305499,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kulp","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37245,"text":"University of New Orleans","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Jackie L","contributorId":305497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Jackie","email":"","middleInitial":"L","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":873000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Williams, S. Jeffress 0000-0002-1326-7420 jwilliams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1326-7420","contributorId":2063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"S.","email":"jwilliams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Jeffress","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":873001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70176798,"text":"70176798 - 2009 - Emergent insect production in post-harvest flooded agricultural fields used by waterbirds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-27T10:26:32","indexId":"70176798","displayToPublicDate":"2009-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Emergent insect production in post-harvest flooded agricultural fields used by waterbirds","docAbstract":"

California’s Tulare Lake Basin (TLB) is one of the most important waterbird areas in North America even though most wetlands there have been converted to cropland. To guide management programs promoting waterbird beneficial agriculture, which includes flooding fields between growing periods, we measured emergence rates of insects, an important waterbird food, in three crop types (tomato, wheat, alfalfa) in the TLB relative to water depth and days flooded during August–October, 2003 and 2004. We used corrected Akaike’s Information Criterion values to compare a set of models that accounted for our repeated measured data. The best model included crop type and crop type interacting with days flooded and depth flooded. Emergence rates (mg m−2 day−1) were greater in tomato than wheat or alfalfa fields, increased with days flooded in alfalfa and tomato but not wheat fields, and increased with water depth in alfalfa and wheat but not tomato fields. To investigate the relationship between the range of diel water temperatures and insect emergence rates, we rearedChironomus dilutus larvae in environmental chambers under high (15–32°C) and low fluctuation (20–26°C) temperature regimes that were associated with shallow and deep (respectively) sampling sites in our fields. Larval survival (4×) and biomass (2×) were greater in the low thermal fluctuation treatment suggesting that deeply flooded areas would support greater insect production.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1672/07-169.1","usgsCitation":"Moss, R., Blumenshine, S.C., Yee, J., and Fleskes, J.P., 2009, Emergent insect production in post-harvest flooded agricultural fields used by waterbirds: Wetlands, v. 29, no. 3, p. 875-883, https://doi.org/10.1672/07-169.1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"875","endPage":"883","ipdsId":"IP-016291","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329363,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7c08ae4b0bc0bec09c7d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moss, Richard C.","contributorId":175175,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moss","given":"Richard C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blumenshine, Steven C.","contributorId":175176,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blumenshine","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yee, Julie","contributorId":10343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yee","given":"Julie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fleskes, Joseph P. 0000-0001-5388-6675 joe_fleskes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5388-6675","contributorId":1889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleskes","given":"Joseph","email":"joe_fleskes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":650346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":97783,"text":"ofr20091173 - 2009 - Remediation of Mudboil Discharges in the Tully Valley of Central New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:27","indexId":"ofr20091173","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1173","title":"Remediation of Mudboil Discharges in the Tully Valley of Central New York","docAbstract":"Mudboils have been documented in the Tully Valley in Onondaga County, in central New York State, since the late 1890s and have continuously discharged sediment-laden (turbid) water into nearby Onondaga Creek since the 1950s. The discharge of sediment causes gradual land-surface subsidence that, in the past, necessitated rerouting a major petroleum pipeline and a buried telephone cable, and caused two road bridges to collapse. The turbid water discharged from mudboils can be either fresh or brackish (salty).\r\n\r\nMudboil activity was first reported in the Syracuse, NY, Post Standard in a short article dated October 19, 1899:\r\n\r\n\r\n'Tully Valley - A Miniature Volcano Few people are aware of the existence of a volcano in this town. It is a small one, to be sure, but very interesting. In the 20-rod gorge where the crossroad leads by the Tully Valley grist mill the hard highway bed has been rising foot after foot till the apex of a cone which has been booming has broken open and quicksand and water flow down the miniature mountain sides. It is an ever increasing cone obliterating wagon tracks as soon as crossed. The nearby bluff is slowly sinking. Probably the highway must sometime be changed on account of the sand and water volcano, unless it ceases its eruption.'\r\n\r\nThis newspaper article accurately describes mudboil activity and presages the collapse of the Otisco Road bridge, 92 years later in 1991. The article indicates that land subsidence occurred nearby, but gives no indication that Onondaga Creek was turbid; this was either an oversight by the reporter or was not a concern at that time.\r\n\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091173","usgsCitation":"Kappel, W.M., 2009, Remediation of Mudboil Discharges in the Tully Valley of Central New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1173, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091173.","productDescription":"8 p.","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126599,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1173.jpg"},{"id":12950,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1173/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.18333333333334,42.8 ], [ -76.18333333333334,42.916666666666664 ], [ -76.11666666666666,42.916666666666664 ], [ -76.11666666666666,42.8 ], [ -76.18333333333334,42.8 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bf94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kappel, William M. 0000-0002-2382-9757 wkappel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2382-9757","contributorId":1074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kappel","given":"William","email":"wkappel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70156396,"text":"70156396 - 2009 - A deployment of broadband seismic stations in two deep gold mines, South Africa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-09T15:04:36.393686","indexId":"70156396","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A deployment of broadband seismic stations in two deep gold mines, South Africa","docAbstract":"

In-mine seismic networks throughout the TauTona and Mponeng gold mines provide precise locations and seismic source parameters of earthquakes. They also support small-scale experimental projects, including NELSAM (Natural Earthquake Laboratory in South African Mines), which is intended to record, at close hand, seismic rupture of a geologic fault that traverses the project region near the deepest part of TauTona. To resolve some questions regarding the in-mine and NELSAM networks, we deployed four portable broadband seismic stations at deep sites within TauTona and Mponeng for one week during September 2007 and recorded ground acceleration. Moderately large earthquakes within our temporary network were recorded with sufficiently high signal-to-noise that we were able to integrate the acceleration to ground velocity and displacement, from which moment tensors could be determined. We resolved the questions concerning the NELSAM and in-mine networks by using these moment tensors to calculate synthetic seismograms at various network recording sites for comparison with the ground motion recorded at the same locations. We also used the peak velocity of the S wave pulse, corrected for attenuation with distance, to estimate the maximum slip within the rupture zone of an earthquake. We then combined the maximum slip and seismic moment with results from laboratory friction experiments to estimate maximum slip rates within the same high-slip patches of the rupture zone. For the four largest earthquakes recorded within our network, all with magnitudes near 2, these inferred maximum slips range from 4 to 27 mm and the corresponding maximum slip rates range from 1 to 6 m/s. These results, in conjunction with information from previous ground motion studies, indicate that underground support should be capable of withstanding peak ground velocities of at least 5 m/s.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"7th International Symposium on Rockburst and Seismicity in Mines (RaSiM7)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"7th International Symposium on Rockburst and Seismicity in Mines (RaSiM7)","conferenceDate":"August 21-23, 2009","conferenceLocation":"Dalian, China","language":"English","publisher":"Rinton Press","publisherLocation":"Dalian, China","usgsCitation":"McGarr, A.F., Boettcher, M.S., Fletcher, J.P., Johnston, M.J., Durrheim, R., Spottiswoode, S., and Milev, A., 2009, A deployment of broadband seismic stations in two deep gold mines, South Africa, in 7th International Symposium on Rockburst and Seismicity in Mines (RaSiM7), Dalian, China, August 21-23, 2009, p. 967-974.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"967","endPage":"974","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science 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Peter B. 0000-0001-8885-6177 jfletcher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8885-6177","contributorId":1216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"Jon","email":"jfletcher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Peter B.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnston, Malcolm J. S. 0000-0003-4326-8368 mal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4326-8368","contributorId":622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"Malcolm","email":"mal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":569020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Durrheim, R.","contributorId":93304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durrheim","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Spottiswoode, S.","contributorId":30366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spottiswoode","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Milev, A.","contributorId":82945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milev","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70148206,"text":"70148206 - 2009 - Cross-shelf transport into nearshore waters due to shoaling internal tides in San Pedro Bay, CA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-26T09:37:46","indexId":"70148206","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-20T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cross-shelf transport into nearshore waters due to shoaling internal tides in San Pedro Bay, CA","docAbstract":"

In the summer of 2001, a coastal ocean measurement program in the southeastern portion of San Pedro Bay, CA, was designed and carried out. One aim of the program was to determine the strength and effectiveness of local cross-shelf transport processes. A particular objective was to assess the ability of semidiurnal internal tidal currents to move suspended material a net distance across the shelf. Hence, a dense array of moorings was deployed across the shelf to monitor the transport patterns associated with fluctuations in currents, temperature and salinity. An associated hydrographic program periodically monitored synoptic changes in the spatial patterns of temperature, salinity, nutrients and bacteria. This set of measurements show that a series of energetic internal tides can, but do not always, transport subthermocline water, dissolved and suspended material from the middle of the shelf into the surfzone. Effective cross-shelf transport occurs only when (1) internal tides at the shelf break are strong and (2) subtidal currents flow strongly downcoast. The subtidal downcoast flow causes isotherms to tilt upward toward the coast, which allows energetic, nonlinear internal tidal currents to carry subthermocline waters into the surfzone. During these events, which may last for several days, the transported water remains in the surfzone until the internal tidal current pulses and/or the downcoast subtidal currents disappear. This nonlinear internal tide cross-shelf transport process was capable of carrying water and the associated suspended or dissolved material from the mid-shelf into the surfzone, but there were no observation of transport from the shelf break into the surfzone. Dissolved nutrients and suspended particulates (such as phytoplankton) transported from the mid-shelf into the nearshore region by nonlinear internal tides may contribute to nearshore algal blooms, including harmful algal blooms that occur off local beaches.

","language":"English","publisher":"North Pacific Marine Science Organization","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2009.04.008","usgsCitation":"Noble, M.A., Burt Jones, Hamilton, P., Xu, J., George Robertson, Rosenfeld, L., and John Largier, 2009, Cross-shelf transport into nearshore waters due to shoaling internal tides in San Pedro Bay, CA: Continental Shelf Research, v. 29, no. 15, p. 1768-1785, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2009.04.008.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1768","endPage":"1785","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-007787","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300766,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Pedro Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.28155517578125,\n 33.704920213014425\n ],\n [\n -118.25271606445312,\n 33.74489664315623\n ],\n [\n -118.18679809570312,\n 33.76773195605407\n ],\n [\n -118.1414794921875,\n 33.757456817972894\n ],\n [\n -118.07556152343749,\n 33.71862851510573\n ],\n [\n -118.02749633789061,\n 33.678639851675555\n ],\n [\n -118.0316162109375,\n 33.65921007223414\n ],\n [\n -118.28155517578125,\n 33.704920213014425\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"15","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55659937e4b0d9246a9eb612","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Noble, Marlene A. mnoble@usgs.gov","contributorId":1429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noble","given":"Marlene","email":"mnoble@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burt Jones","contributorId":140912,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burt Jones","affiliations":[{"id":13399,"text":"UCLA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hamilton, Peter","contributorId":140916,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamilton","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13615,"text":"Science Applications International Corporation, Raleigh, NC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Xu, Jingping jpx@usgs.gov","contributorId":2574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"Jingping","email":"jpx@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"George Robertson","contributorId":140913,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"George Robertson","affiliations":[{"id":13427,"text":"Orange County Sanitation District, Huntington Beach, CA, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rosenfeld, Leslie 0000-0002-0768-819X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0768-819X","contributorId":140915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rosenfeld","given":"Leslie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13614,"text":"Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"John Largier","contributorId":140914,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"John Largier","affiliations":[{"id":13613,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography (University of California, San Diego), La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70146992,"text":"70146992 - 2009 - The role of climate in the dynamics of a hybrid zone in Appalachian salamanders","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-27T09:48:56","indexId":"70146992","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-01T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of climate in the dynamics of a hybrid zone in Appalachian salamanders","docAbstract":"

I examined the potential influence of climate change on the dynamics of a previously studied hybrid zone between a pair of terrestrial salamanders at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, U.S. Forest Service, in the Nantahala Mountains of North Carolina, USA. A 16-year study led by Nelson G. Hairston, Sr. revealed that Plethodon teyahalee and Plethodon shermani hybridized at intermediate elevations, forming a cline between 'pure' parental P. teyahalee at lower elevations and 'pure' parental P. shermani at higher elevations. From 1974 to 1990 the proportion of salamanders at the higher elevation scored as 'pure' P. shermani declined significantly, indicating that the hybrid zone was spreading upward. To date there have been no rigorous tests of hypotheses for the movement of this hybrid zone. Using temperature and precipitation data from Coweeta, I re-analyzed Hairston's data to examine whether the observed elevational shift was correlated with variation in either air temperature or precipitation from the same time period. For temperature, my analysis tracked the results of the original study: the proportion of 'pure' P. shermani at the higher elevation declined significantly with increasing mean annual temperature, whereas the proportion of 'pure' P. teyahalee at lower elevations did not. There was no discernable relationship between proportions of 'pure' individuals of either species with variation in precipitation. From 1974 to 1990, low-elevation air temperatures at the Coweeta Laboratory ranged from annual means of 11.8 to 14.2 °C, compared with a 55-year average (1936-1990) of 12.6 °C. My re-analyses indicate that the upward spread of the hybrid zone is correlated with increasing air temperatures, but not precipitation, and provide an empirical test of a hypothesis for one factor that may have influenced this movement. My results aid in understanding the potential impact that climate change may have on the ecology and evolution of terrestrial salamanders in montane regions.

","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Science","publisherLocation":"Oxford, England","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01867.x","usgsCitation":"Walls, S.C., 2009, The role of climate in the dynamics of a hybrid zone in Appalachian salamanders: Global Change Biology, v. 15, no. 8, p. 1903-1910, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01867.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1903","endPage":"1910","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-007485","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299890,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":7,"text":"Ft. Lauderdale PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"553f5dbee4b0a658d7938d00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walls, Susan C. 0000-0001-7391-9155 swalls@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7391-9155","contributorId":138952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walls","given":"Susan","email":"swalls@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97702,"text":"ofr20091146 - 2009 - Investigating Seed Longevity of Big Sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata)","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":97702,"text":"ofr20091146 - 2009 - Investigating Seed Longevity of Big Sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata)","indexId":"ofr20091146","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Investigating Seed Longevity of Big Sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata)"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70041656,"text":"70041656 - 2012 - Burial increases seed longevity of two Artemisia tridentata (Asteraceae) subspecies","indexId":"70041656","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Burial increases seed longevity of two Artemisia tridentata (Asteraceae) subspecies"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70041656,"text":"70041656 - 2012 - Burial increases seed longevity of two Artemisia tridentata (Asteraceae) subspecies","indexId":"70041656","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Burial increases seed longevity of two Artemisia tridentata (Asteraceae) subspecies"},"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-16T14:39:01","indexId":"ofr20091146","displayToPublicDate":"2009-07-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1146","title":"Investigating Seed Longevity of Big Sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata)","docAbstract":"The Intermountain West is dominated by big sagebrush communities (Artemisia tridentata subspecies) that provide habitat and forage for wildlife, prevent erosion, and are economically important to recreation and livestock industries. The two most prominent subspecies of big sagebrush in this region are Wyoming big sagebrush (A. t. ssp. wyomingensis) and mountain big sagebrush (A. t. ssp. vaseyana). Increased understanding of seed bank dynamics will assist with sustainable management and persistence of sagebrush communities. For example, mountain big sagebrush may be subjected to shorter fire return intervals and prescribed fire is a tool used often to rejuvenate stands and reduce tree (Juniperus sp. or Pinus sp.) encroachment into these communities. A persistent seed bank for mountain big sagebrush would be advantageous under these circumstances.\n\nLaboratory germination trials indicate that seed dormancy in big sagebrush may be habitat-specific, with collections from colder sites being more dormant. Our objective was to investigate seed longevity of both subspecies by evaluating viability of seeds in the field with a seed retrieval experiment and sampling for seeds in situ. We chose six study sites for each subspecies. These sites were dispersed across eastern Oregon, southern Idaho, northwestern Utah, and eastern Nevada. Ninety-six polyester mesh bags, each containing 100 seeds of a subspecies, were placed at each site during November 2006. Seed bags were placed in three locations: (1) at the soil surface above litter, (2) on the soil surface beneath litter, and (3) 3 cm below the soil surface to determine whether dormancy is affected by continued darkness or environmental conditions. Subsets of seeds were examined in April and November in both 2007 and 2008 to determine seed viability dynamics. Seed bank samples were taken at each site, separated into litter and soil fractions, and assessed for number of germinable seeds in a greenhouse. Community composition data from each site, as well as several environmental variables, were used to evaluate seed viability within the context of habitat variation. \n\nInitial viability of seeds used in the seed retrieval experiment was 81 and 92 percent for mountain and Wyoming big sagebrush, respectively. After remaining in the field for 24 months, buried Wyoming big sagebrush seeds retained 28-58 percent viability,11-23 percent of seeds under litter remained viable, and no seeds remained viable on the surface (estimates are 95-percent confidence intervals). The odds of remaining viable did not change from 12 to 24 months. However, after 24 months the odds of seeds beneath litter being viable decreased to 75 percent of the odds of viability at 12 months. Similar to Wyoming big sagebrush, buried seeds of mountain big sagebrush were 31-68 percent viable, seeds under litter retained 10-22 percent of their viability, and no surface seeds were viable after 24 months.\n\nBoth subspecies of big sagebrush had some portion of seed that remained viable for more than one growing season provided they were buried or under litter. Although seeds beneath litter may remain viable in intact communities, seeds are susceptible to incineration during fires. Nine months after seed dispersal, seed bank estimates for Wyoming big sagebrush ranged from 19 to 49 viable seeds/m2 in litter samples and 19-57 viable seeds/m2 in soil samples (95-percent confidence interval). For mountain big sagebrush, estimates were 27-75 viable seeds/m2 in litter samples and 54-139 viable seeds/m2 in soil (95-percent confidence interval). The number of viable seeds present in the seed bank 9 months after seed dispersal was not significantly different from the number present immediately after seed dispersal. Seed viability was highest in mountain big sagebrush sites for seeds on the surface and beneath litter, but decreased after one season. Buried seeds of both subspecies were in equal abundances and may be insulated from the effect","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091146","usgsCitation":"Wijayratne, U.C., and Pyke, D.A., 2009, Investigating Seed Longevity of Big Sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1146, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091146.","productDescription":"28 p.","temporalStart":"2006-08-01","temporalEnd":"2008-11-30","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118517,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1146.jpg"},{"id":12857,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1146/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48bde4b07f02db539741","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wijayratne, Upekala C.","contributorId":49064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wijayratne","given":"Upekala","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pyke, David A. 0000-0002-4578-8335 david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4578-8335","contributorId":3118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyke","given":"David","email":"david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70173570,"text":"70173570 - 2009 - Carbon isotope turnover as a measure of arrival time in migratory birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-09T14:47:42","indexId":"70173570","displayToPublicDate":"2009-07-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2409,"text":"Journal of Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon isotope turnover as a measure of arrival time in migratory birds","docAbstract":"

Arrival time on breeding or non-breeding areas is of interest in many ecological studies exploring fitness consequences of migratory schedules. However, in most field studies, it is difficult to precisely assess arrival time of individuals. Here, we use carbon isotope turnover in avian blood as a technique to estimate arrival time for birds switching from one habitat or environment to another. Stable carbon isotope ratios (δ13C) in blood assimilate to a new equilibrium following a diet switch according to an exponential decay function. This relationship can be used to determine the time a diet switch occurred if δ13C of both the old and new diet are known. We used published data of captive birds to validate that this approach provides reliable estimates of the time since a diet switch within 1–3 weeks after the diet switch. We then explored the utility of this technique for King Eiders (Somateria spectabilis) arriving on terrestrial breeding grounds after wintering and migration at sea. We estimated arrival time on breeding grounds in northern Alaska (95% CI) from red blood cell δ13C turnover to be 4–9 June. This estimate overlapped with arrival time of birds from the same study site tracked with satellite transmitters (5–12 June). Therefore, we conclude that this method provides a simple yet reliable way to assess arrival time of birds moving between isotopically distinct environments.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/s10336-009-0434-y","usgsCitation":"Oppel, S., and Powell, A.N., 2009, Carbon isotope turnover as a measure of arrival time in migratory birds: Journal of Ornithology, v. 151, no. 1, p. 123-131, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10336-009-0434-y.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"123","endPage":"131","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-012121","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323402,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"151","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575a932fe4b04f417c275127","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oppel, Steffen","contributorId":44432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oppel","given":"Steffen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powell, Abby N. 0000-0002-9783-134X abby_powell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9783-134X","contributorId":171426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"Abby","email":"abby_powell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97642,"text":"pp1766 - 2009 - Groundwater availability of the Central Valley Aquifer, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-19T14:10:36","indexId":"pp1766","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1766","title":"Groundwater availability of the Central Valley Aquifer, California","docAbstract":"California's Central Valley covers about 20,000 square miles and is one of the most productive agricultural regions in the world. More than 250 different crops are grown in the Central Valley with an estimated value of $17 billion per year. This irrigated agriculture relies heavily on surface-water diversions and groundwater pumpage. Approximately one-sixth of the Nation's irrigated land is in the Central Valley, and about one-fifth of the Nation's groundwater demand is supplied from its aquifers. \r\n\r\nThe Central Valley also is rapidly becoming an important area for California's expanding urban population. Since 1980, the population of the Central Valley has nearly doubled from 2 million to 3.8 million people. The Census Bureau projects that the Central Valley's population will increase to 6 million people by 2020. This surge in population has increased the competition for water resources within the Central Valley and statewide, which likely will be exacerbated by anticipated reductions in deliveries of Colorado River water to southern California. In response to this competition for water, a number of water-related issues have gained prominence: conservation of agricultural land, conjunctive use, artificial recharge, hydrologic implications of land-use change, and effects of climate variability.\r\n\r\nTo provide information to stakeholders addressing these issues, the USGS Groundwater Resources Program made a detailed assessment of groundwater availability of the Central Valley aquifer system, that includes: (1) the present status of groundwater resources; (2) how these resources have changed over time; and (3) tools to assess system responses to stresses from future human uses and climate variability and change. This effort builds on previous investigations, such as the USGS Central Valley Regional Aquifer System and Analysis (CV-RASA) project and several other groundwater studies in the Valley completed by Federal, State and local agencies at differing scales. The principal product of this new assessment is a tool referred to as the Central Valley Hydrologic Model (CVHM) that accounts for integrated, variable water supply and demand, and simulates surface-water and groundwater-flow across the entire Central Valley system. \r\n\r\nThe development of the CVHM comprised four major elements: (1) a comprehensive Geographic Information System (GIS) to compile, analyze and visualize data; (2) a texture model to characterize the aquifer system;(3) estimates of water-budget components by numerically modeling the hydrologic system with the Farm Process (FMP); and (4) simulations to assess and quantify hydrologic conditions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1766","usgsCitation":"2009, Groundwater availability of the Central Valley Aquifer, California: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1766, xvi, 227 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1766.","productDescription":"xvi, 227 p.","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486674,"rank":101,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9KEZJQS","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Relative distance of California's Central Valley from trough to valley edge and supporting data"},{"id":124767,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1766.jpg"},{"id":12791,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1766/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":346946,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F79S1PX3","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"MODFLOW2000_FMP1_1 model used to simulate the groundwater flow of the Central Valley Aquifer, California"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124,34 ], [ -124,41 ], [ -118,41 ], [ -118,34 ], [ -124,34 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a69e4b07f02db63bd59","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Faunt, Claudia C. 0000-0001-5659-7529 ccfaunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5659-7529","contributorId":1491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faunt","given":"Claudia C.","email":"ccfaunt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":505742,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}