The Caetano Tuff is a late Eocene, rhyolite ash-flow tuff that crops out within an ∼90-km-long, east-west–trending belt in north-central Nevada, previously interpreted as an elongate graben or “volcano-tectonic trough.” New field, petrographic, geochemical, and geochronologic data show that: (1) the east half of the “trough” is actually the Caetano caldera, formed by eruption of the Caetano Tuff at 33.8 Ma and later structurally dismembered during Miocene extension; (2) the west half of the trough includes both the distinctly younger and unrelated Fish Creek Mountains caldera (ca. 24.7 Ma) and a west-trending paleovalley partly filled with outflow Caetano Tuff; and (3) the Caetano Tuff as previously defined actually consists of three distinct units, two units of the 33.8 Ma Caetano Tuff and an older (34.2 Ma) tuff, exposed north of the Caetano caldera, herein named the tuff of Cove Mine.
Miocene extensional faulting and tilting has exposed the Caetano caldera over a paleodepth range of >5 km, from the caldera floor through post-caldera sedimentary rocks, providing exceptional constraints on an evolutionary model of the caldera that are rarely available for other calderas. The Caetano caldera filled with more than 4 km of intracaldera Caetano Tuff, while outflow tuff flowed west and south of the caldera, primarily down Eocene paleovalleys. Caldera fill consists of two units of Caetano Tuff. The lower compound cooling unit is as much as 3600 m thick and is separated by a complete cooling break from a 500–1000-m-thick upper unit that consists of multiple, thin, ash flows interbedded with sedimentary deposits. Multiple granite porphyries, including the 25-km2 Carico Lake pluton, intruded and domed the center of the caldera within 0.1 Ma of caldera formation; one of these porphyries is associated with pervasive argillic and advanced argillic alteration of the western half of the caldera. All exposed caldera-related rocks are rhyolites or granites (71–77.5 wt% SiO2). Caldera collapse was significantly greater than the thickness of caldera fill and created a topographic depression that served as a depocenter until at least 25 Ma, filling with nearly 1 km of sediments and distally derived, ash-flow tuffs.
The caldera is presently exposed in a series of 40–50°, east-tilted blocks bounded by north-striking, west-dipping normal faults that formed after 16 Ma. Slip on these faults accommodated ∼100% E-W extension, making the restored Caetano caldera ∼20 km east-west by 10–18 km north-south. The estimated volume of intracaldera Caetano Tuff is, therefore, ∼840 km3, and the minimum estimated total eruptive volume is ∼1100 km3. Although the Caetano magmatic system was probably too young to supply heat for nearby Carlin-type gold deposits in the Cortez district, earlier nearby magmatic activity may have contributed to formation of these deposits. Reconstruction of the late Eocene, pre-Caetano caldera geologic setting, immediately prior to caldera formation, indicates that the Cortez Hills and Horse Canyon Carlin-type deposits formed at ≤1 km depths.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES00116.1","usgsCitation":"John, D.A., Henry, C., and Colgan, J.P., 2008, Magmatic and tectonic evolution of the Caetano caldera, north-central Nevada: A tilted, mid-Tertiary eruptive center and source of the Caetano Tuff: Geosphere, v. 4, no. 1, p. 75-106, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00116.1.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"106","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476620,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges00116.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":406237,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Caetano caldera","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118,\n 39.75\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 39.75\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 40.75\n ],\n [\n -118,\n 40.75\n ],\n [\n -118,\n 39.75\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"John, David A. 0000-0001-7977-9106 djohn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7977-9106","contributorId":1748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"John","given":"David","email":"djohn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":850929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henry, Christopher D.","contributorId":36556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"Christopher D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Colgan, Joseph P. 0000-0001-6671-1436 jcolgan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6671-1436","contributorId":1649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colgan","given":"Joseph","email":"jcolgan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":850931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70236404,"text":"70236404 - 2008 - Large-magnitude Miocene extension of the Eocene Caetano caldera, Shoshone and Toiyabe Ranges, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-14T16:33:29.717937","indexId":"70236404","displayToPublicDate":"2008-02-01T08:46:55","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Large-magnitude Miocene extension of the Eocene Caetano caldera, Shoshone and Toiyabe Ranges, Nevada","docAbstract":"Because major mineral deposits in north-central Nevada predate significant Basin and Range extension, a detailed understanding of the timing and kinematics of extensional faulting is necessary to place these deposits in their original structural context. The complexity of pre-Cenozoic deformation in northern Nevada makes restoring Basin and Range faulting difficult without locating well-dated, regionally extensive Cenozoic units that can be used to restore slip along normal faults. The goal of this study is to reconstruct extensional faulting in the Shoshone and northern Toiyabe Ranges by using Cenozoic rocks in and around the Caetano caldera, which formed ca. 33.8 Ma during eruption of the Caetano Tuff. The caldera filled with more than 4 km of intracaldera tuff during initial caldera-forming eruptions, and additional sedimentary and volcanic rocks subsequently filled the topographic depression left by the caldera collapse. These rocks are conformable over the interval 34–25 Ma, consistent with little, if any, extension during that time. The 34–25 Ma rocks were later cut by a set of closely spaced (1–3 km) normal faults that accommodated significant extension and foot-wall rotations of 40°–50°. Restored structural cross sections indicate that the present ∼42 km (east-west) width of the Caetano caldera has been extended 110%, resulting in 22 ± 3 km westward translation of the Fish Creek Mountains relative to the southern Cortez Range. Major normal faults mapped within the caldera continue south and north along strike into the surrounding Paleozoic basement rocks; therefore it is likely that parts of surrounding areas are also significantly extended. Miocene (16–12 Ma) sedimentary rocks in the hanging walls of major normal faults include both fluvial/lacustrine facies and coarser alluvial fan deposits. Where exposed, the bases of the Miocene sedimentary sections are in angular conformity with underlying ∼40°E tilted 34–25 Ma volcanic and sedimentary rocks. The distribution, composition, and geometry of these deposits are best explained by accumulation in a set of half-graben basins that formed in response to slip on basin-bounding faults. Extension thus appears to have taken place in the middle Miocene, beginning at or shortly after 16 Ma, and was mostly completed by 10–12 Ma. Fault blocks and basins formed during middle Miocene extension are cut by younger, more widely spaced, high-angle normal faults that began forming more recently than 10–12 Ma. These faults outline the modern basins and ranges in the study area and some have remained active into the Holocene.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES00115.1","usgsCitation":"Colgan, J.P., John, D.A., Henry, C., and Fleck, R.J., 2008, Large-magnitude Miocene extension of the Eocene Caetano caldera, Shoshone and Toiyabe Ranges, Nevada: Geosphere, v. 4, no. 1, p. 107-130, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00115.1.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"107","endPage":"130","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476622,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges00115.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":406229,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Eocene Caetano caldera, Shoshone and Toiyabe Ranges","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118,\n 40.75\n ],\n [\n -116.25,\n 40.75\n ],\n [\n -116.25,\n 39.75\n ],\n [\n -118,\n 39.75\n ],\n [\n -118,\n 40.75\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colgan, Joseph P. 0000-0001-6671-1436 jcolgan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6671-1436","contributorId":1649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colgan","given":"Joseph","email":"jcolgan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":850903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"John, David A. 0000-0001-7977-9106 djohn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7977-9106","contributorId":1748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"John","given":"David","email":"djohn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":850904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henry, Christopher D.","contributorId":36556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"Christopher D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fleck, Robert J. 0000-0002-3149-8249 fleck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3149-8249","contributorId":1048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleck","given":"Robert","email":"fleck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":850906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":80917,"text":"sir20075269 - 2008 - 2005 volcanic activity in Alaska, Kamchatka, and the Kurile Islands: Summary of events and response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-05T21:51:10.74211","indexId":"sir20075269","displayToPublicDate":"2008-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5269","title":"2005 volcanic activity in Alaska, Kamchatka, and the Kurile Islands: Summary of events and response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory","docAbstract":"The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) responded to eruptive activity or suspected volcanic activity at or near 16 volcanoes in Alaska during 2005, including the high profile precursory activity associated with the 2005–06 eruption of Augustine Volcano. AVO continues to participate in distributing information about eruptive activity on the Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia, and in the Kurile Islands of the Russian Far East, in conjunction with the Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) and the Sakhalin Volcanic Eruption Response Team (SVERT), respectively. In 2005, AVO helped broadcast alerts about activity at 8 Russian volcanoes. The most serious hazard posed from volcanic eruptions in Alaska, Kamchatka, or the Kurile Islands is the placement of ash into the atmosphere at altitudes traversed by jet aircraft along the North Pacific and Russian Trans East air routes. AVO, KVERT, and SVERT work collaboratively with the National Weather Service, Federal Aviation Administration, and the Volcanic Ash Advisory Centers to provide timely warnings of volcanic eruptions and the production and movement of ash clouds.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20075269","collaboration":"The Alaska Volcano Observatory is a cooperative program of the U.S. Geological Survey, University of Alaska Fairbanks Geophysical Institute, and the Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys. The Alaska Volcano Observtory is funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Volcano Hazards Program and the State of Alaska.","usgsCitation":"McGimsey, R.G., Neal, C., Dixon, J.P., and Ushakov, S., 2008, 2005 volcanic activity in Alaska, Kamchatka, and the Kurile Islands: Summary of events and response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5269, viii, 94 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075269.","productDescription":"viii, 94 p.","numberOfPages":"106","temporalStart":"2005-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125277,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2007_5269.jpg"},{"id":10765,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5269/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":415307,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_83240.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Russia, United States","state":"Alaska, Kamchatka","otherGeospatial":"Kurile Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -179.9,\n 51.2278\n ],\n [\n -141,\n 51.2278\n ],\n [\n -141,\n 62.5\n ],\n [\n -179.9,\n 62.5\n ],\n [\n -179.9,\n 51.2278\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 179.9,\n 62.5\n ],\n [\n 155,\n 62.5\n ],\n [\n 155,\n 50\n ],\n [\n 179.9,\n 50\n ],\n [\n 179.9,\n 62.5\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd491fe4b0b290850eee89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGimsey, R. G.","contributorId":93921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGimsey","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neal, C.A. 0000-0002-7697-7825","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7697-7825","contributorId":91122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neal","given":"C.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dixon, J. P.","contributorId":59135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ushakov, Sergey","contributorId":12135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ushakov","given":"Sergey","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70194821,"text":"70194821 - 2008 - Molecular epidemiology of eastern equine encephalitis Virus, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-03T14:03:14","indexId":"70194821","displayToPublicDate":"2008-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1493,"text":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Molecular epidemiology of eastern equine encephalitis Virus, New York","docAbstract":"Perpetuation, overwintering, and extinction of eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) in northern foci are poorly understood. We therefore sought to describe the molecular epidemiology of EEEV in New York State during current and past epizootics. To determine whether EEEV overwinters, is periodically reintroduced, or both, we sequenced the E2 and partial NSP3 coding regions of 42 EEEV isolates from New York State and the Eastern Seaboard of the United States. Our phylogenetic analyses indicated that derived subclades tended to contain southern strains that had been isolated before genetically similar northern strains, suggesting southern to northern migration of EEEV along the Eastern Seaboard. Strong clustering among strains isolated during epizootics in New York from 2003–2005, as well as from 1974–1975, demonstrates that EEEV has overwintered in this focus. This study provides molecular evidence for the introduction of southern EEEV strains to New York, followed by local amplification, perpetuation, and overwintering.
","language":"English","publisher":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi":"10.3201/eid1403.070816","usgsCitation":"Young, D.S., Kramer, L.D., Maffei, J.G., Dusek, R., Backenson, P.B., Mores, C.N., Bernard, K.A., and Ebel, G.D., 2008, Molecular epidemiology of eastern equine encephalitis Virus, New York: Emerging Infectious Diseases, v. 14, no. 3, p. 454-460, https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1403.070816.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"454","endPage":"460","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476624,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1403.070816","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":350290,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","volume":"14","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a610f8de4b06e28e9c257db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Young, David S.","contributorId":201448,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Young","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kramer, Laura D.","contributorId":172639,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kramer","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maffei, Joseph G.","contributorId":201449,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maffei","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dusek, Robert J. 0000-0001-6177-7479 rdusek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6177-7479","contributorId":140066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dusek","given":"Robert J.","email":"rdusek@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":725413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Backenson, P. Bryon","contributorId":201450,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Backenson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"Bryon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mores, Christopher N.","contributorId":201451,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mores","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bernard, Kristen A.","contributorId":201452,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bernard","given":"Kristen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ebel, Gregory D.","contributorId":33220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebel","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70047353,"text":"pp17509 - 2008 - Growth of the 2004-2006 lava-dome complex at Mount St. Helens, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-31T10:56:46","indexId":"pp17509","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T14:05:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1750-9","displayTitle":"Growth of the 2004-2006 lava-dome complex at Mount St. Helens, Washington: Chapter 9 in A volcano rekindled: the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006","title":"Growth of the 2004-2006 lava-dome complex at Mount St. Helens, Washington","docAbstract":"The eruption of Mount St. Helens from 2004 to 2006 \nhas comprised extrusion of solid lava spines whose growth \npatterns were shaped by a large space south of the 1980-86 \ndome that was occupied by the unique combination of glacial \nice, concealed subglacial slopes, the crater walls, and relics \nof previous spines. The eruption beginning September 2004 \ncan be divided (as of April 2006) into five phases: (1) predome deformation and phreatic activity, (2) initial extrusion \nof spines, (3) recumbent spine growth and repeated breakup, \n(4) southward extrusion across previous dome debris, and (5) \nnormal faulting of the phase 4 dome to form a depression, a \nshift to westward extrusion and overthrusting of earlier phase \n5 products. Overall, steady spine extrusion gradually slowed \nfrom 6 m3/s in November 2004 to 0.6 m3/s in February 2006.\nThermal camera data show that phase 1 activity included \nlow-temperature thermal features, such as fumaroles, fractures, and ground warming related to rapid uplift, as well as \ndeformation in the south moat of the crater. The relatively cold \n(<160°C) phreatic eruptions of early October heralded activity \nat a subglacial vent situated along the south-sloping margin of \nthe 1980–86 dome. Thermal infrared imagery, documenting \nincreased heat flow, presaged phase 2 extrusion of the October \n11–15, 2004, lava spine. The thermal images of the extruding \nspine revealed a hot basal margin and highest temperatures of \n600–730°C. \nDuring phase 3, a recumbent whaleback-shaped spine \nwith a low-temperature shroud of fault gouge and a hot, \nU-shaped basal margin extruded. This spine pushed southward \nalong the bed of the glacier until it encountered the south wall \nof the 1980 crater, whereupon it broke up, decoupled, and \nregrew. Continued southward growth of the recumbent spine pushed cold deformed rock, hot dome rubble, and glacier \nice eastward at a rate of 2 m/d. In April 2005, breakup of the \nwhaleback and growth of a lava spine across previous dome \nrubble heralded phase 4 spine thrusting over previous spine \nremnants. During phase 4, the active spine pushed southward with an increasingly vertical component and increasing \nincidence of large rockfalls. In late July, the spine decoupled \nfrom its source, the vent reorganized, and a new spine began \nto grow westward at right angles to the previous growth direction, defining phase 5. Dome migration again plowed glacier \nice out of the way at a rate of about 2 m/d, this time westward. In early October, the spine buckled near the vent and \nthrust over the previous one. A massive spine monolith had \nbeen constructed by December 2005, and growth of spines \nwith increasingly steep slopes characterized activity through \nApril 2006.\nThe chief near-surface controls on spine extrusion during \n2004-6 have been vent location, relict topographic surfaces \nfrom the 1980s, and spine remnants emplaced previously \nduring the present eruption. In contrast, glacier ice has had \nminimal influence on spine growth. Ice as thick as 150 m has \nprevented formation of marginal angle-of-repose talus fans \nbut has not provided sufficient resistance to stop spine growth \nor slow it appreciably. Spines initially emerged along a relict \nsouth-facing slope as steep as 40° on the 1980s dome. The \nopen space of the moat between that dome and the crater walls \npermitted initial southward migration of recumbent spines. \nAn initial spine impinged on the opposing slopes of the crater \nand stopped; in contrast, recumbent whaleback spines of phase \n3 impinged on opposing walls of the crater at oblique angles \nand rotated eastward before breaking up. Once spine remnants \noccupied all available open space to the south, spines thrust \nover previous remnants. Finally, with south and east portions of the moat filled, spine growth proceeded westward. \nAlthough Crater Glacier had only a small influence on the \ngrowing spines, spine growth affected the glacier dramatically, \ninitially dividing it into two arms and then bulldozing it hundreds of meters, first east and then west, and heaping it more \nthan 100 m higher than its original altitude.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"A volcano rekindled: the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006 (Professional Paper 1750)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp17509","collaboration":"This report is Chapter 9 in A volcano rekindled: the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006. For more information, see: Professional Paper 1750","usgsCitation":"Vallance, J.W., Schneider, D.J., and Schilling, S.P., 2008, Growth of the 2004-2006 lava-dome complex at Mount St. Helens, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1750-9, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp17509.","productDescription":"40 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"208","numberOfPages":"40","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275763,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp17509.jpg"},{"id":275761,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1750/"},{"id":275762,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1750/chapters/pp2008-1750_chapter09.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.238678,46.161175 ], [ -122.238678,46.233792 ], [ -122.131489,46.233792 ], [ -122.131489,46.161175 ], [ -122.238678,46.161175 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51fbca74e4b04b00e3d88ff7","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Sherrod, David R. 0000-0001-9460-0434 dsherrod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9460-0434","contributorId":527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"David","email":"dsherrod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509464,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, William E. 0000-0001-8156-979X wescott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8156-979X","contributorId":1725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"William","email":"wescott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509466,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stauffer, Peter H. pstauffe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stauffer","given":"Peter","email":"pstauffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":509465,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Vallance, James W. 0000-0002-3083-5469 jvallance@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5469","contributorId":547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vallance","given":"James","email":"jvallance@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schneider, David J. 0000-0001-9092-1054 djschneider@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9092-1054","contributorId":633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"David","email":"djschneider@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":121,"text":"Alaska Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schilling, Steve P. sschilli@usgs.gov","contributorId":634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schilling","given":"Steve","email":"sschilli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70204145,"text":"70204145 - 2008 - Detecting changes in riparian habitat conditions based on patterns of greenness change: A case study from the Upper San Pedro River Basin, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-09T10:43:23","indexId":"70204145","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T10:29:48","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detecting changes in riparian habitat conditions based on patterns of greenness change: A case study from the Upper San Pedro River Basin, USA","docAbstract":"Healthy riparian ecosystems in arid and semi-arid regions exhibit shifting patterns of vegetation in response to periodic flooding. Their conditions also depend upon the amount of grazing and other human uses. Taking advantage of these system properties, we developed and tested an approach that utilizes historical Landsat data to track changes in the patterns of greenness (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) within riparian zones. We tested the approach in the Upper San Pedro River of southeastern Arizona of the US, an unimpounded river system that flows north into the US from northern Mexico. We evaluated changes in the pattern of greenness in the San Pedro River National Conservation Area (SPRNCA), an area protected from grazing and development since 1988, and in a relatively unprotected area north of the SPRNCA (NA). The SPRNCA exhibited greater positive changes in greenness than did the NA. The SPRNCA also exhibited larger, more continuous patches of positive change than did the NA. These pattern differences may reflect greater pressures from grazing and urban sprawl in the NA than in the SPRNCA, as well as differences in floodplain width, depth to ground water, and base geology. The SPRNCA has greater amounts of ground and surface water available to support a riparian gallery forest than does the NA, and this may have influenced changes during the study period.
Estimates of the direction of greenness change (positive or negative) from satellite imagery were similar to estimates derived from aerial photography, except in areas where changes were from one type of shrub community to another, and in areas with agriculture. Change estimates in these areas may be more difficult because of relatively low greenness values, and because of differences in soil moisture, sun-angle, and crop rotations among the dates of data collection. The potential for applying a satellite-based, greenness change approach to evaluate riparian ecosystem condition over broad geographic areas is also discussed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2007.01.001","usgsCitation":"Jones, K.B., Edmonds, C.M., Slonecker, E.T., Wickham, J., Neale, A., Wade, T., Riitters, K.H., and Kepner, W., 2008, Detecting changes in riparian habitat conditions based on patterns of greenness change: A case study from the Upper San Pedro River Basin, USA: Ecological Indicators, v. 8, no. 1, p. 89-99, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2007.01.001.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"89","endPage":"99","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":365378,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Upper San Pedro River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.59,\n 31.335\n ],\n [\n -110.59,\n 31.8\n ],\n [\n -109.86328125,\n 31.8\n ],\n [\n -109.86328125,\n 31.335\n ],\n [\n -110.59,\n 31.335\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, K. Bruce","contributorId":66105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"Bruce","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":765729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edmonds, Curtis M.","contributorId":206574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Edmonds","given":"Curtis","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6914,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":765730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Slonecker, E. Terrence 0000-0002-5793-0503 tslonecker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5793-0503","contributorId":168591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slonecker","given":"E.","email":"tslonecker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Terrence","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36171,"text":"National Civil Applications Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":765731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wickham, James","contributorId":140259,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wickham","given":"James","affiliations":[{"id":12657,"text":"EPA NEIC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":765732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Neale, Anne","contributorId":43275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neale","given":"Anne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":765733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wade, Timothy G.","contributorId":48845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wade","given":"Timothy G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":765734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Riitters, Kurt H. 0000-0003-3901-4453","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3901-4453","contributorId":139788,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Riitters","given":"Kurt","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":36400,"text":"US Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":765735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kepner, William","contributorId":9214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kepner","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":765736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70209633,"text":"70209633 - 2008 - Lake Manix shorelines and Afton Canyon terraces: Implications for incision of Afton Canyon ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-16T15:35:02.295624","indexId":"70209633","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T10:27:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Lake Manix shorelines and Afton Canyon terraces: Implications for incision of Afton Canyon ","docAbstract":"Lake Manix, in south-central California, was the terminal basin of the Mojave River until the late Pleistocene, when it drained east to the Lake Mojave Basin. Based on new field observations, radiocarbon ages, and soil development, we propose modifications to previously published hypotheses on the timing of the last 543 m above sea level (masl) highstand of Lake Manix, the timing of the first discharge eastward, and the time required to cut Afton Canyon between the two basins.
Subtle beach barriers, wave-cut scarps, and lagged beach gravels indicate that Lake Manix reached highstands between 547 and 558 masl at least twice prior to its previously known 543 m highstands. Properties of soils formed on beach barriers at 547–549 masl compared to soils on dated deposits suggest an age of older than 35 cal ka for this highstand. Calibrated radiocarbon ages for three lacustrine highstands at or near 543 masl are ca. 40–35 ka, 33–30 ka, and 27–25 ka. Lake Manix periodically discharged down a drainage presently located on the north rim of Afton Canyon at 539 masl. Soil development estimated from multiple buried soils within fluvial deposits and overlying fan deposits suggests that discharge was coeval with or somewhat older than the 547–549 m highstand, and that fluvial aggradation in this drainageway was followed by a period of relative landscape stability and episodic burial by alluvial-fan deposits.
Strath terraces below these highest fluvial deposits, but above the canyon rim, record initial incision of the Lake Manix threshold. Surface and soil properties indicate that they are latest Pleistocene to early Holocene in age, similar to the previously studied strath terraces that are inset well below the rim and below the basal lake sediments. We suggest that the higher straths above the rim formed no earlier than ca. 25 cal ka. We interpret the soils, stratigraphy, and fluvial landforms in the canyon to indicate relatively rapid incision of Afton Canyon to the depth of the bedrock floor of Lake Manix, followed by intermittent, gradual bedrock incision.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Late Cenozoic Drainage History of the Southwestern Great Basin and Lower Colorado River Region: Geologic and Biotic Perspectives","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2008.2439(10)","usgsCitation":"Reheis, M.C., and Redwine, J.L., 2008, Lake Manix shorelines and Afton Canyon terraces: Implications for incision of Afton Canyon , chap. of Late Cenozoic Drainage History of the Southwestern Great Basin and Lower Colorado River Region: Geologic and Biotic Perspectives, v. 439, p. 227-259, https://doi.org/10.1130/2008.2439(10).","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"227","endPage":"259","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374058,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Lake Manix","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.72998046875,\n 35.782170703266075\n ],\n [\n -117.6416015625,\n 34.75966612466248\n ],\n [\n -116.82861328125001,\n 34.016241889667015\n ],\n [\n -114.80712890625,\n 35.10193405724606\n ],\n [\n -115.72998046875,\n 35.782170703266075\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"439","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reheis, Marith C. 0000-0002-8359-323X mreheis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8359-323X","contributorId":138571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reheis","given":"Marith","email":"mreheis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":787277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Redwine, Joanna L.","contributorId":104581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redwine","given":"Joanna","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70047338,"text":"pp17501 - 2008 - Overview of the 2004 to 2006, and continuing, eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-31T10:52:31","indexId":"pp17501","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T09:59:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1750-1","displayTitle":"Overview of the 2004 to 2006, and continuing, eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington: Chapter 1 in A volcano rekindled: the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006","title":"Overview of the 2004 to 2006, and continuing, eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington","docAbstract":"Rapid onset of unrest at Mount St. Helens on September 23, 2004, initiated an uninterrupted lava-dome-building eruption that continues to the time of writing this overview (spring 2006) for a volume of papers focused on this eruption. About three weeks of intense seismic unrest and localized surface uplift, punctuated by four brief explosions, constituted a ventclearing phase, during which there was a frenzy of media attention and considerable uncertainty regarding the likely course of the eruption. The third week exhibited lessened seismicity and only minor venting of steam and ash, but rapid growth of the uplift, or welt, south of the 1980-86 lava dome proceeded as magma continued to push upward. Crystalrich dacite (~65 weight percent SiO2) lava first appeared at the surface on October 11, 2004, beginning the growth of a complex lava dome of uniform chemical composition accompanied by persistent but low levels of seismicity, rare explosions, low gas emissions, and frequent rockfalls. Petrologic studies suggest that the dome lava is chiefly of 1980s vintage, but with an admixed portion of new dacite. Alternatively, it may derive from a part of the magma chamber not tapped by 1980s eruptions. Regardless, detailed investigations of crystal chemistry, melt inclusions, and isotopes reveal a complex magmatic history. Largely episodic extrusion between 1980 and 1986 produced a relatively symmetrical lava dome composed of stubby lobes. In contrast, continuous extrusion at mean rates of about 5 m3/s in autumn 2004 to <1 m3/s in early 2006 has produced an east-west ridge of three mounds with total volume about equal to that of the old dome. During much of late 2004 to summer 2005, a succession of spines, two recumbent and one steeply sloping and each mantled by striated gouge, grew to nearly 500 m in length in the southeastern sector of the 1980 crater and later disintegrated into two mounds. Since then, growth has been concentrated in the southwestern sector, producing a relatively symmetrical mound with steep gougecovered slabs on its east flank. Throughout the eruption, the position of the extrusive vent has remained more or less fixed. Lack of geodetic evidence for either volume increase or pressure increase in the deep magmatic system since about 1990 and geodetic modeling that can account for only 20 to 30 percent of the 2004-to-present dome volume puzzles geodesists. Better constraints on parameters such as magma-chamber volume, crustal properties, and magma compressibility are needed to improve the models. Development of the welt and the new dome bisected horseshoe-shaped Crater Glacier, which formerly wrapped around three sides of the 1980s dome, and fractured, compressed, and thickened the glacier’s surviving east and west arms. Doubling of ice thickness resulted in increased flow rate and advance of termini, although rapid infiltration of water into the highly porous glacier bed prevented substantial basal sliding. Overall, dome growth and disintegration has removed surprisingly little ice. The outcome of the ongoing eruption remains uncertain, but Mount St. Helens’ varied eruptive history suggests multiple possibilities. One dynamical model and several petrologic investigations regard the current eruption as an extension of 1980s dome building that may persist continuously or episodically for years to come.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"A volcano rekindled: the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006 (Professional Paper 1750)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp17501","collaboration":"This report is Chapter 1 in A volcano rekindled: the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006. For more information, see: Professional Paper 1750","usgsCitation":"Scott, W.E., Sherrod, D.R., and Gardner, C.A., 2008, Overview of the 2004 to 2006, and continuing, eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1750-1, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp17501.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"22","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275666,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp17501.jpg"},{"id":275664,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1750/"},{"id":275665,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1750/chapters/pp2008-1750_chapter01.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.238678,46.161175 ], [ -122.238678,46.233792 ], [ -122.131489,46.233792 ], [ -122.131489,46.161175 ], [ -122.238678,46.161175 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51fbca7ae4b04b00e3d89074","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Sherrod, David R. 0000-0001-9460-0434 dsherrod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9460-0434","contributorId":527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"David","email":"dsherrod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509440,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, William E. 0000-0001-8156-979X wescott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8156-979X","contributorId":1725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"William","email":"wescott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509442,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stauffer, Peter H. pstauffe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stauffer","given":"Peter","email":"pstauffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":509441,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Scott, William E. 0000-0001-8156-979X wescott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8156-979X","contributorId":1725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"William","email":"wescott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sherrod, David R. 0000-0001-9460-0434 dsherrod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9460-0434","contributorId":527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"David","email":"dsherrod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gardner, Cynthia A. 0000-0002-6214-6182 cgardner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6214-6182","contributorId":1959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"Cynthia","email":"cgardner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70237330,"text":"70237330 - 2008 - Magmatism and tectonics in a tilted crustal section through a continental arc, eastern Transverse Ranges and southern Mojave Desert","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-07T14:49:07.582475","indexId":"70237330","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T09:40:43","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Magmatism and tectonics in a tilted crustal section through a continental arc, eastern Transverse Ranges and southern Mojave Desert","docAbstract":"This field guide describes a two-and-one-half day transect, from east to west across southern California, from the Colorado River to the San Andreas fault. Recent geochronologic results for rocks along the transect indicate the spatial and temporal relationships between subarc and retroarc shortening and Cordilleran arc magmatism. The transect begins in the Jurassic(?) and Cretaceous Maria retroarc fold-and-thrust belt, and continues westward and structurally downward into the Triassic to Cretaceous magmatic arc. At the deepest structural levels exposed in the southwestern part of the transect, the lower crust of the Mesozoic arc has been replaced during underthrusting by the Maastrichtian and/or Paleocene Orocopia schist.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Field guide to plutons, volcanoes, faults, reefs, dinosaurs, and possible glaciation in selected areas of Arizona, California, and Nevada","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2008.fld011(05)","usgsCitation":"Barth, A.P., Anderson, J.L., Jacobson, C.E., Paterson, S.R., and Wooden, J., 2008, Magmatism and tectonics in a tilted crustal section through a continental arc, eastern Transverse Ranges and southern Mojave Desert, chap. of Field guide to plutons, volcanoes, faults, reefs, dinosaurs, and possible glaciation in selected areas of Arizona, California, and Nevada, p. 101-117, https://doi.org/10.1130/2008.fld011(05).","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"101","endPage":"117","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":408086,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California","otherGeospatial":"eastern Transverse Ranges, southern Mojave Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.43286132812499,\n 33.568861182555565\n ],\n [\n -114.01611328125,\n 33.568861182555565\n ],\n [\n -114.01611328125,\n 34.95799531086792\n ],\n [\n -117.43286132812499,\n 34.95799531086792\n ],\n [\n -117.43286132812499,\n 33.568861182555565\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Duebendorfer, E. M.","contributorId":79969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duebendorfer","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":854149,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Eugene I.","contributorId":35185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Eugene","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":854150,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Barth, Andrew P.","contributorId":94547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barth","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":854144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, J. Lawford","contributorId":7275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Lawford","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":854145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jacobson, Carl E.","contributorId":193546,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jacobson","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":854146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paterson, Scott R.","contributorId":38338,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paterson","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":854147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wooden, Joseph L.","contributorId":32209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"Joseph L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":854148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70236965,"text":"70236965 - 2008 - Paleoseismicity and neotectonics of the Aleutian subduction zone — An overview","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-08T15:54:29.362809","indexId":"70236965","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T09:30:27","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Paleoseismicity and neotectonics of the Aleutian subduction zone — An overview","docAbstract":"The Aleutian subduction zone is one of the most seismically active plate boundaries and the source of several of the world’s largest historic earthquakes. The structural architecture of the subduction zone varies considerably along its length. At the eastern end is a tectonically complex collision zone where the allochthonous Yakutat terrane is moving northwest into mainland Alaska. West of the collision zone a shallow-dipping subducted plate beneath a wide forearc, nearly orthogonal convergence, and a continental-type subduction regime characterizes the eastern part of the subduction zone. In the central part of the subduction zone, convergence becomes increasingly right oblique and the forearc is divided into a series of large clockwise-rotated fault-bounded blocks. Highly oblique convergence and island arc tectonics characterize the western part of the subduction zone. At the extreme western end of the arc, the relative plate motion is nearly pure strike-slip. A series of great subduction earthquakes ruptured most of the 4000-km length of the subduction zone during a period of several decades in the mid 1900s. The majority of these earthquakes broke multiple segments as defined by the large-scale structure of the overriding plate margin and patterns of historic seismicity. Several of these earthquakes generated Pacific-wide tsunamis and significant damage in the southwestern and south-central regions of Alaska. Characterization of previous subduction earthquakes is important in assessing future seismic and tsunami hazards. However, at present such information is available only for the eastern part of the subduction zone. The 1964 Alaska earthquake (M 9.2) ruptured about ~950 km of the plate boundary that encompassed the Kodiak and Prince William Sound (PWS) segments. Within this region, nine paleosubduction earthquakes in the past ~5000 years are recognized on the basis of geologic evidence of sudden land level change and, at some sites, coeval tsunami deposits. Carbon 14-based chronologies indicate recurrence intervals between median calibrated ages for these paleoearthquakes range from 333 to 875 years. The most recent occurred about 489 years ago and broke only the Kodiak segment. During the previous three cycles, both the Kodiak and PWS segments were involved in either multiple-segment ruptures or closely timed pairs of single segment ruptures. evidence for the earlier paleosubduction earthquakes has been found only at sites in the PWS segment. Thus, future work on the paleoseismicity of other segments would by particular valuable in defining the seismic behavior of the subduction zone.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Active tectonics and seismic potential of Alaska","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":11,"text":"Bibliography"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/179GM03","usgsCitation":"Carver, G.A., and Plafker, G., 2008, Paleoseismicity and neotectonics of the Aleutian subduction zone — An overview, chap. of Active tectonics and seismic potential of Alaska, v. 179, p. 43-63, https://doi.org/10.1029/179GM03.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"63","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":407262,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, Russia, United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Aleutian subduction zone","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -179.9,\n 48\n ],\n [\n -130,\n 48\n ],\n [\n -130,\n 72\n ],\n [\n -179.9,\n 72\n ],\n [\n -179.9,\n 48\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 160,\n 48\n ],\n [\n 179.9,\n 48\n ],\n [\n 179.9,\n 72\n ],\n [\n 160,\n 72\n ],\n [\n 160,\n 48\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"179","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-03-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Freymueller, Jeffery T. 0000-0003-0614-0306","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0614-0306","contributorId":244609,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Freymueller","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":852848,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":852849,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wesson, Robert L. 0000-0003-2702-0012 rwesson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2702-0012","contributorId":850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wesson","given":"Robert","email":"rwesson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":852850,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ekstrom, Goran","contributorId":248378,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ekstrom","given":"Goran","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":49877,"text":"Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University Earth Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":852851,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Carver, Gary A.","contributorId":196121,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carver","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":852846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plafker, George","contributorId":3920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Plafker","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":852847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80923,"text":"fs20083005 - 2008 - Transport of water, carbon, and sediment through the Yukon River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-20T10:23:38","indexId":"fs20083005","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-3005","displayTitle":"Transport of Water, Carbon, and Sediment Through the Yukon River Basin","title":"Transport of water, carbon, and sediment through the Yukon River Basin","docAbstract":"In 2001, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began a water-quality study of the Yukon River. The Yukon River Basin (YRB), which encompasses 330,000 square miles in northwestern Canada and central Alaska (fig. 1), is one of the largest and most diverse ecosystems in North America. The Yukon River is more than 1,800 miles long and is one of the last great uncontrolled rivers in the world, and is essential to the eastern Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea ecosystems, providing freshwater runoff, sediments, and nutrients (Brabets and others, 2000). Despite its remoteness, recent studies (Hinzman and others, 2005; Walvoord and Striegl, 2007) indicate the YRB is changing. These changes likely are in response to a warming trend in air temperature of 1.7i??C from 1951 to 2001 (Hartmann and Wendler, 2005). As a result of this warming trend, permafrost is thawing in the YRB, ice breakup occurs earlier on the main stem of the Yukon River and its tributaries, and timing of streamflow and movement of carbon and sediment through the basin is changing (Hinzman and others, 2005; Walvoord and Striegl, 2007). One of the most striking characteristics in the YRB is its seasonality. In the YRB, more than 75 percent of the annual streamflow runoff occurs during a five month period, May through September. This is important because streamflow determines when, where, and how much of a particular constituent will be transported. As an example, more than 95 percent of all sediment transported during an average year also occurs during this period (Brabets and others, 2000). During the other 7 months, streamflow, concentrations of sediment and other water-quality constituents are low and little or no sediment transport occurs in the Yukon River and its tributaries. Streamflow and water-quality data have been collected at more than 50 sites in the YRB (Dornblaser and Halm, 2006; Halm and Dornblaser, 2007). Five sites have been sampled more than 30 times and others have been sampled twice during peak- and low-flow conditions as part of synoptic sampling campaigns. Although the synoptic data do not provide a complete picture of water quality of a particular river through the year, the data do provide a snapshot of water-quality conditions at a particular time of year. Two constituents of interest are suspended sediment and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Suspended sediment is important because elevated concentrations can adversely affect aquatic life by obstructing fish gills, covering fish spawning sites, and altering habitat of benthic organisms. Metals and organic contaminants also tend to adsorb onto fine-grained sediment. Permafrost thawing has major implications for the carbon cycle. It is critical to understand the processes related to the transport of DOC to surface waters and how long-term climatic changes may alter these processes (Schuster and others, 2004).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20083005","usgsCitation":"Brabets, T.P., and Schuster, P.F., 2008, Transport of water, carbon, and sediment through the Yukon River Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2008-3005, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20083005.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"4","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125661,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2008_3005.jpg"},{"id":367591,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3005/pdf/fs20083005.pdf"},{"id":10771,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3005/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -166,59 ], [ -166,70 ], [ -129,70 ], [ -129,59 ], [ -166,59 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ce4b07f02db626bdf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brabets, Timothy P. tbrabets@usgs.gov","contributorId":2087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabets","given":"Timothy","email":"tbrabets@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schuster, Paul F. 0000-0002-8314-1372 pschuste@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8314-1372","contributorId":1360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuster","given":"Paul","email":"pschuste@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70192312,"text":"70192312 - 2008 - Preliminary report on the 29 July 2008 Mw 5.4 Chino Hills, Eastern Los Angeles Basin, California, earthquake sequence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-24T13:24:09.631486","indexId":"70192312","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preliminary report on the 29 July 2008 Mw 5.4 Chino Hills, Eastern Los Angeles Basin, California, earthquake sequence","docAbstract":"The 29 July 2008 Mw 5.4 Chino Hills earthquake was the largest event to occur within the greater Los Angeles metropolitan region since the Mw 6.7 1994 Northridge earthquake. The earthquake was widely felt in a metropolitan region with a population of more than 10 million people and was recorded by hundreds of broadband and strong-motion instruments. In this report we present preliminary analysis of the event and discuss its significance within the seismotectonic framework of the northern Los Angeles basin as revealed by previous moderate earthquakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.79.6.855","usgsCitation":"Hauksson, E., Felzer, K.R., Given, D., Giveon, M., Hough, S.E., Hutton, K., Kanamori, H., Sevilgen, V., Wei, S., and Yong, A.K., 2008, Preliminary report on the 29 July 2008 Mw 5.4 Chino Hills, Eastern Los Angeles Basin, California, earthquake sequence: Seismological Research Letters, v. 79, no. 6, p. 855-866, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.79.6.855.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"855","endPage":"866","ipdsId":"IP-008416","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476831,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:HAUsrl08","text":"External Repository"},{"id":347281,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Los Angeles","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.93798828125,\n 33.63291573870479\n ],\n [\n -117.48779296875,\n 33.63291573870479\n ],\n [\n -117.48779296875,\n 34.34343606848294\n ],\n [\n -118.93798828125,\n 34.34343606848294\n ],\n [\n -118.93798828125,\n 33.63291573870479\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"79","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f05126e4b0220bbd9a1dcf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hauksson, Egill","contributorId":48174,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hauksson","given":"Egill","affiliations":[{"id":27150,"text":"Seismological Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":715422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Felzer, Karen R. kfelzer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Felzer","given":"Karen","email":"kfelzer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Given, Doug","contributorId":34015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Given","given":"Doug","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Giveon, Michal","contributorId":198168,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Giveon","given":"Michal","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hough, Susan E. 0000-0002-5980-2986 hough@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-2986","contributorId":587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hough","given":"Susan","email":"hough@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hutton, Kate","contributorId":190651,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hutton","given":"Kate","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kanamori, Hiroo","contributorId":106120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kanamori","given":"Hiroo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sevilgen, Volkan vsevilgen@usgs.gov","contributorId":3254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sevilgen","given":"Volkan","email":"vsevilgen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":715429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wei, Shengji","contributorId":31652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wei","given":"Shengji","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Yong, Alan K. 0000-0003-1807-5847 yong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1807-5847","contributorId":1554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yong","given":"Alan","email":"yong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70179563,"text":"70179563 - 2008 - Status of the desert tortoise in Red Rock Canyon State Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-04T13:51:36","indexId":"70179563","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1153,"text":"California Fish and Game","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Status of the desert tortoise in Red Rock Canyon State Park","docAbstract":"We surveyed for desert tortoises, Gopherus agassizii, in the western part of Red Rock Canyon State Park and watershed in eastern Kern County, California, between 2002 and 2004. We used two techniques: a single demographic plot (~4 km2 ) and 37 landscape plots (1-ha each). We estimated population densities of tortoises to be between 2.7 and 3.57/km2 and the population in the Park to be 108 tortoises. We estimated the death rate at 67% for subadults and adults during the last 4 yrs. Mortality was high for several reasons: gunshot deaths, avian predation, mammalian predation, and probably disease. Historic and recent anthropogenic impacts from State Highway 14, secondary roads, trash, cross-country vehicle tracks, and livestock have contributed to elevated death rates and degradation of habitat. We propose conservation actions to reduce mortality.
","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Berry, K.H., Keith, K., and Bailey, T.Y., 2008, Status of the desert tortoise in Red Rock Canyon State Park: California Fish and Game, v. 94, no. 2, p. 98-118.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"98","endPage":"118","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332893,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":332892,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=47398"}],"volume":"94","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"586e1830e4b0f5ce109fcb23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berry, Kristin H. 0000-0003-1591-8394 kristin_berry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1591-8394","contributorId":437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"Kristin","email":"kristin_berry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keith, Kevin","contributorId":178000,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keith","given":"Kevin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bailey, Tracy Y.","contributorId":139383,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bailey","given":"Tracy","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":12758,"text":"independent, 619 Pinon Court, Ridgecrest, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":657751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031851,"text":"70031851 - 2008 - Non-spore forming eubacteria isolated at an altitude of 20,000 m in Earth's atmosphere: extended incubation periods needed for culture-based assays","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-27T09:35:44","indexId":"70031851","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":667,"text":"Aerobiologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Non-spore forming eubacteria isolated at an altitude of 20,000 m in Earth's atmosphere: extended incubation periods needed for culture-based assays","docAbstract":"On 13 August 2004, an atmospheric sample was collected at an altitude of 20,000 m along a west to east transect over the continental United States by NASA’s Stratospheric and Cosmic Dust Program. This sample was then shipped to the US Geological Survey’s Global Desert Dust program for microbiological analyses. This sample, which was plated on a low nutrient agar to determine if cultivable microorganisms were present, produced 590 small yellow to off-white colonies after approximately 7 weeks of incubation at room-temperature. Of 50 colonies selected for identification using 16S rRNA sequencing, 41 belonged to the family Micrococcaceae, seven to the family Microbacteriaceae, one to the genus Staphylococcus, and one to the genus Brevibacterium. All of the isolates identified were non-spore-forming pigmented bacteria, and their presence in this sample illustrate that it is not unusual to recover viable microbes at extreme altitudes. Additionally, the extended period required to initiate growth demonstrates the need for lengthy incubation periods when analyzing high-altitude samples for cultivable microorganisms.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aerobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10453-007-9078-7","issn":"03935965","usgsCitation":"Griffin, D.W., 2008, Non-spore forming eubacteria isolated at an altitude of 20,000 m in Earth's atmosphere: extended incubation periods needed for culture-based assays: Aerobiologia, v. 24, no. 1, p. 19-25, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10453-007-9078-7.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"25","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":214770,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10453-007-9078-7"},{"id":242520,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-11-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6766e4b0c8380cd732ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Griffin, Dale W. 0000-0003-1719-5812 dgriffin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1719-5812","contributorId":2178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"Dale","email":"dgriffin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":433441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70032070,"text":"70032070 - 2008 - Changes in stream chemistry and biology in response to reduced levels of acid deposition during 1987-2003 in the Neversink River Basin, Catskill Mountains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70032070","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in stream chemistry and biology in response to reduced levels of acid deposition during 1987-2003 in the Neversink River Basin, Catskill Mountains","docAbstract":"Atmospheric acid deposition has decreased in the northeastern United States since the 1970s, resulting in modest increases in pH, acid-neutralizing capacity (ANC), and decreases in inorganic monomeric aluminum (AlIM) concentrations since stream chemistry monitoring began in the 1980s in the acid-sensitive upper Neversink River basin in the Catskill Mountains of New York. Stream pH has increased by 0.01 units/year during 1987-2003 at three sites in the Neversink basin as determined by Seasonal Kendall trend analysis. In light of this observed decrease in stream acidity, we sampled 12 stream sites within the Neversink River watershed for water chemistry, macroinvertebrates, fish, and periphytic diatoms in 2003 to compare with a similar data set collected in 1987. Metrics and indices that reflect sensitivity to stream acidity were developed with these biological data to determine whether changes in stream biota over the intervening 16 years parallel those of stream chemistry. Statistical comparisons of data on stream chemistry and an acid biological assessment profile (Acid BAP) derived from invertebrate data showed no significant differences between the two years. For pH and ANC, however, values in 2003 were generally lower than those in 1987; this difference likely resulted from higher streamflow in summer 2003. Despite these likely flow-induced changes in summer 2003, an ordination and cluster analysis of macroinvertebrate taxa based on the Acid BAP indicated that the most acidic sites in the upstream half of the East Branch Neversink River form a statistically significant separate cluster consistent with less acidic stream conditions. This analysis is consistent with limited recovery of invertebrate species in the most acidic reaches of the river, but will require additional improvement in stream chemistry before a stronger conclusion can be drawn. Data on the fish and periphytic diatom communities in 2003 indicate that slimy sculpin had not extended their habitat to upstream reaches that previously were devoid of this acid-intolerant species in 1987; a diatom acid-tolerance index indicates continued high-acid impact throughout most of the East Branch and headwaters of the West Branch Neversink River. ?? 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Indicators","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2007.01.003","issn":"1470160X","usgsCitation":"Burns, D.A., Riva-Murray, K., Bode, R., and Passy, S., 2008, Changes in stream chemistry and biology in response to reduced levels of acid deposition during 1987-2003 in the Neversink River Basin, Catskill Mountains: Ecological Indicators, v. 8, no. 3, p. 191-203, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2007.01.003.","startPage":"191","endPage":"203","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242794,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215028,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2007.01.003"}],"volume":"8","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f42be4b0c8380cd4bba0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":29450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Riva-Murray, K.","contributorId":82481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riva-Murray","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bode, R.W.","contributorId":77341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bode","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Passy, S.","contributorId":101102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Passy","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}