{"pageNumber":"2110","pageRowStart":"52725","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184689,"records":[{"id":70003719,"text":"70003719 - 2008 - Hematite spherules at Meridiani: results from MI, Mini-TES, and Pancam","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-27T10:31:38","indexId":"70003719","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T13:40:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hematite spherules at Meridiani: results from MI, Mini-TES, and Pancam","docAbstract":"<p><span>We report on observations of hematite‐bearing spherules at Meridiani Planum made using the Microscopic Imager (MI), Mini‐Thermal Emission Spectrometer (Mini‐TES), and Panoramic Camera (Pancam) instruments on the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity. Spherules were observed on soil surfaces and in outcrop rocks, both on undisturbed surfaces and in abraded surfaces ground using the Rock Abrasion Tool (RAT). Spherule size and shape change little along the 850 m eastward traverse from Eagle Crater to Endurance Crater, but spherules decrease and then slightly increase in size along the 6 km traverse from Endurance south to Victoria Crater. Local populations range from submillimeters to several millimeters in diameter. An additional small diameter (100&nbsp;</span><i>μ</i><span>m) size population is possible. An increase in irregular shapes is found near Victoria Crater. This, combined with the size decrease south of Endurance, suggests either a changing depositional environment, or variation in the duration and timing of diagenetic events. The dominant smaller size population observed early in the mission in aeolian areas and ripple crests is observed as the primary size population in abraded outcrop farther south. This suggests that successively younger beds are exposed at the surface along the southward traverse. Stratigraphically higher units removed by erosion could be recorded by the present surface lag deposit. Coordinated systematic observations are used to determine optical and infrared hematite indices of the surface soils in Pancam and Mini‐TES. In spite of the systematic variation seen in MI, both Pancam and Mini‐TES indices are highly variable based on the local surface, and neither show systematic trends south of Endurance. The lack of a 390 cm</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;feature in Mini‐TES spectra suggests concentric or radial interior structure within the spherules at scales too fine for MI to observe. Mini‐TES does not detect any silicate component in the spherules. A bound water component in soils or in exchange with the atmosphere is observed. These spherules have been previously interpreted as concretions formed within what were once water‐saturated, diagenetically altered “dirty evaporate” sandstone sediments. Our observations support this interpretation; however, no single terrestrial analog provides a model that can account for all attributes of the spherules on Mars.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2007JE003048","usgsCitation":"Calvin, W.M., Shoffner, J., Johnson, J.R., Knoll, A., Pocock, J., Squyres, S.W., Weitz, C., Arvidson, R., Bell, J., Christensen, P.R., de Souza, P.A., Farrand, W.H., Glotch, T., Herkenhoff, K.E., Jolliff, B., Knudson, A., McLennan, S.M., Rogers, A., and Thompson, S., 2008, Hematite spherules at Meridiani: results from MI, Mini-TES, and Pancam: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 113, 27 p.; E12S37, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JE003048.","productDescription":"27 p.; E12S37","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476464,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007je003048","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":257790,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars; Meridiani Planum","volume":"113","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3050e4b0c8380cd5d530","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Calvin, W. M.","contributorId":17379,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Calvin","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shoffner, J.D.","contributorId":89394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shoffner","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, J. R.","contributorId":69278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Knoll, A.H.","contributorId":84885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knoll","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pocock, J.M.","contributorId":82170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pocock","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Squyres, S. W.","contributorId":31836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squyres","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Weitz, C.M.","contributorId":8649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weitz","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Arvidson, R. E.","contributorId":46666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arvidson","given":"R. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bell, J.F. III","contributorId":97612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"J.F.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Christensen, P. R.","contributorId":7819,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christensen","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"de Souza, P. A. Jr.","contributorId":45174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"de Souza","given":"P.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Farrand, W. H.","contributorId":64372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrand","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Glotch, T.D.","contributorId":10966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glotch","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. 0000-0002-3153-6663 kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-6663","contributorId":2275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkenhoff","given":"Kenneth","email":"kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Jolliff, B.L.","contributorId":21268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jolliff","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Knudson, A.T.","contributorId":15746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knudson","given":"A.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"McLennan, S. M.","contributorId":96733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLennan","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Rogers, A.D.","contributorId":84129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Thompson, S.D.","contributorId":63511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19}]}}
,{"id":70003480,"text":"70003480 - 2008 - Releases of whooping cranes to the Florida nonmigratory flock: a structured decision-making approach: report to the International Whooping Crane Recovery Team, September 22, 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-04T01:02:11","indexId":"70003480","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T13:29:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":250,"text":"FWRI Inhouse Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"2008-009","title":"Releases of whooping cranes to the Florida nonmigratory flock: a structured decision-making approach: report to the International Whooping Crane Recovery Team, September 22, 2008","docAbstract":"We used a structured decision-making approach to inform the decision of whether the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission should request of the International Whooping Crane Recovery Team that additional whooping crane chicks be released into the Florida Non-Migratory Population (FNMP). Structured decision-making is an application of decision science that strives to produce transparent, replicable, and defensible decisions that recognize the appropriate roles of management policy and science in decision-making. We present a multi-objective decision framework, where management objectives include successful establishment of a whooping crane population in Florida, minimization of costs, positive public relations, information gain, and providing a supply of captive-reared birds to alternative crane release projects, such as the Eastern Migratory Population. We developed models to predict the outcome relative to each of these objectives under 29 different scenarios of the release methodology used from 1993 to 2004, including options of no further releases and variable numbers of releases per year over the next 5-30 years. In particular, we developed a detailed set of population projection models, which make substantially different predictions about the probability of successful establishment of the FNMP. We used expert elicitation to develop prior model weights (measures of confidence in population model predictions); the results of the population model weighting and modelaveraging exercise indicated that the probability of successful establishment of the FNMP ranged from 9% if no additional releases are made, to as high as 41% with additional releases. We also used expert elicitation to develop weights (relative values) on the set of identified objectives, and we then used a formal optimization technique for identifying the optimal decision, which considers the tradeoffs between objectives. The optimal decision was identified as release of 3 cohorts (24 birds) per year over the next 10 years. However, any decision that involved release of 1-3 cohorts (8-24 birds) per year over the next 5 to 20 years, as well as decisions that involve skipping releases in every other year, performed better in our analysis than the alternative of no further releases. These results were driven by the relatively high objective weights that experts placed on the population objective (i.e., successful establishment of the FNMP) and the information gain objective (where releases are expected to accelerate learning on what was identified as a primary uncertainty: the demographic performance of wild-hatched birds). Additional considerations that were not formally integrated into the analysis are also discussed.","language":"English","publisher":"Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission","publisherLocation":"Tallahassee, FL","usgsCitation":"Moore, C., Converse, S., Folk, M.J., Boughton, R., Brooks, B., French, J.B., O’Meara, T., Putnam, M., Rodgers, J., and Spalding, M., 2008, Releases of whooping cranes to the Florida nonmigratory flock: a structured decision-making approach: report to the International Whooping Crane Recovery Team, September 22, 2008: FWRI Inhouse Report 2008-009, 26 p.; col. ill.","productDescription":"26 p.; col. ill.","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":21717,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://research.myfwc.com/publications/publication_info.asp?id=58528","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":258155,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://research.myfwc.com/engine/download_redirection_process.asp?file=ihr2008%2D009%5F2726%2Epdf&objid=58528&dltype=publication","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":258160,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa6b0e4b0c8380cd84fc6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, Clinton T.","contributorId":9767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Clinton T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Converse, Sarah J.","contributorId":85716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"Sarah J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Folk, Martin J.","contributorId":82568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Folk","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boughton, Robin","contributorId":45175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boughton","given":"Robin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brooks, Bill","contributorId":90151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Bill","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"French, John B. 0000-0001-8901-7092 jbfrench@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8901-7092","contributorId":377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"French","given":"John","email":"jbfrench@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"O’Meara, Timothy","contributorId":73454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Meara","given":"Timothy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Putnam, Michael","contributorId":25815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Putnam","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Rodgers, James","contributorId":56091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodgers","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Spalding, Marilyn","contributorId":18220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spalding","given":"Marilyn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70038744,"text":"70038744 - 2008 - Origin and paleoclimatic significance of late Quaternary loess in Nebraska: Evidence from stratigraphy, chronology, sedimentology, and geochemistry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-11T17:13:13.146249","indexId":"70038744","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T13:02:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin and paleoclimatic significance of late Quaternary loess in Nebraska: Evidence from stratigraphy, chronology, sedimentology, and geochemistry","docAbstract":"<p>Loess is one of the most extensive surficial geologic deposits in midcontinental North America, particularly in the central Great Plains region of Nebraska. Last-glacial-age loess (Peoria Loess) reaches its greatest known thickness in the world in this area. New stratigraphic, geochronologic, mineralogic, and geochemical data yield information about the age and provenance of Peoria Loess, as well as evaluation of recent climate models.</p><p>Sixteen new radiocarbon ages and recently acquired optically stimulated luminescence ages indicate that Peoria Loess deposition in Nebraska occurred between ca. 25,000 cal yr B.P. and ca. 13,000 cal yr B.P. After ca. 13,000 cal yr B.P. a period of pedogenesis began, represented by the dark, prominent Brady Soil. At some localities, further loess deposition was minimal. At other localities, sometime after ca. 11,000 cal yr B.P., there were additional episodes of loess deposition (Bignell Loess) intermittently throughout the Holocene.</p><p>The spatial variability of particle size abundances in Peoria Loess shows a northwest-to-southeast fining in Nebraska, consistent with maps of previous workers that show a northwest-to-southeast thinning of loess. These observations indicate that paleowinds that deposited the loess were from the west or northwest and that the source or sources of Peoria Loess lay to the west or northwest.</p><p>New mineralogical and geochemical data indicate that the most important sources of loess were likely Tertiary siltstones of the White River and Arikaree Groups, silt facies of Pliocene eolian sediments, and small contributions from Pierre Shale. It is likely that fine-grained silts were transported episodically through the Nebraska Sand Hills from Tertiary and Cretaceous bedrock sources to the north, in agreement with a model presented recently. The identification of Tertiary siltstones and silts as the primary sources of loess is consistent with isotopic data presented in a companion paper. Contributions of glaciogenic silt from the Platte and Missouri Rivers were limited to loess zones close to the valleys of those drainages. An earlier computer-based model of global dust generation during the last glacial period did not identify the Great Plains of North America as a significant source of nonglaciogenic eolian silt. However, a refined version of this model does simulate this region as a significant non-glacial dust source during the last glacial period, in good agreement with the results presented here.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/B26221.1","usgsCitation":"Muhs, D.R., Bettis, E., Aleinikoff, J.N., McGeehin, J., Beann, J., Skipp, G., Marshall, B.D., Roberts, H.M., Johnson, W.C., and Benton, R., 2008, Origin and paleoclimatic significance of late Quaternary loess in Nebraska: Evidence from stratigraphy, chronology, sedimentology, and geochemistry: GSA Bulletin, v. 120, no. 11-12, p. 1378-1407, https://doi.org/10.1130/B26221.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1378","endPage":"1407","costCenters":[{"id":308,"text":"Geology and Environmental Change Science 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,{"id":70038741,"text":"70038741 - 2008 - Isotopic evidence for the diversity of late Quaternary loess in Nebraska: Glaciogenic and nonglaciogenic sources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-20T01:01:36","indexId":"70038741","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T11:53:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotopic evidence for the diversity of late Quaternary loess in Nebraska: Glaciogenic and nonglaciogenic sources","docAbstract":"Pb isotope compositions of detrital K-feldspars and U-Pb ages of detrital zircons are used as indicators for determining the sources of Peoria Loess deposited during the last glacial period (late Wisconsin, ca. 25&ndash;14 ka) in Nebraska and western Iowa. Our new data indicate that only loess adjacent to the Platte River has Pb isotopic characteristics suggesting derivation from this river. Most Peoria Loess in central Nebraska (up to 20 m thick) is non-glaciogenic, on the basis of Pb isotope ratios in K-feldspars and the presence of 34-Ma detrital zircons. These isotopic characteristics suggest derivation primarily from the Oligocene White River Group in southern South Dakota, western Nebraska, southeastern Wyoming, and northeastern Colorado. The occurrence of 10&ndash;25 Ma detrital zircons suggests additional minor contributions of silt from the Oligocene-Miocene Arikaree Group and Miocene Ogallala Group. Isotopic data from detrital K-feldspar and zircon grains from Peoria Loess deposits in eastern Nebraska and western Iowa suggest that the immediate source of this loess was alluvium of the Missouri River. We conclude that this silt probably is of glaciogenic origin, primarily derived from outwash from the western margin of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Identification of the White River Group as the main provenance of Peoria Loess of central Nebraska and the Missouri River valley as the immediate source of western Iowa Peoria Loess indicates that paleowind directions during the late Wisconsin were primarily from the northwest and west, in agreement with earlier studies of particle size and loess thickness variation. In addition, the results are in agreement with recent simulations of non-glaciogenic dust sources from linked climate-vegetation modeling, suggesting dry, windy, and minimally vegetated areas in parts of the Great Plains during the last glacial period.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"GSA Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/B26222.1","usgsCitation":"Aleinikoff, J.N., Muhs, D.R., Bettis, E., Johnson, W.C., Fanning, C., and Benton, R., 2008, Isotopic evidence for the diversity of late Quaternary loess in Nebraska: Glaciogenic and nonglaciogenic sources: GSA Bulletin, v. 120, no. 11-12, p. 1362-1377, https://doi.org/10.1130/B26222.1.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1362","endPage":"1377","costCenters":[{"id":308,"text":"Geology and Environmental Change Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257680,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257671,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B26222.1","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","volume":"120","issue":"11-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-11-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3faee4b0c8380cd64718","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aleinikoff, John N. 0000-0003-3494-6841 jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":1478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"John","email":"jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Muhs, Daniel R. 0000-0001-7449-251X dmuhs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":1857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"Daniel","email":"dmuhs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bettis, E. Arthur III","contributorId":72822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bettis","given":"E. Arthur","suffix":"III","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, William C.","contributorId":13082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fanning, C. Mark","contributorId":46814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fanning","given":"C. Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Benton, Rachel","contributorId":22614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benton","given":"Rachel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70038685,"text":"fs20083003 - 2008 - Molecular epidemiology of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus in the Great Lakes region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-13T01:01:48","indexId":"fs20083003","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T11:46:16","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-3003","title":"Molecular epidemiology of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus in the Great Lakes region","docAbstract":"Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) is considered by many nations and international organizations to be one of the most important viral pathogens of finfish (Office International des Epizooties 2007). For several decades following its initial characterization in the 1950s, VHSV was thought to be limited to Europe where it was regarded as an endemic pathogen of freshwater fish that was especially problematic for farmed rainbow trout, an introduced species (Wolf 1988; Smail 1999). Subsequently, it was shown that VHSV was present among many species of marine and anadromous fishes in both the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans where it has been associated with substantial mortality among both wild and cultured fish (Meyers and Winton 1995; Skall et al. 2005).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20083003","usgsCitation":"Winton, J., Kurath, G., and Batts, W., 2008, Molecular epidemiology of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus in the Great Lakes region: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2008-3003, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20083003.","productDescription":"4 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257497,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3003/fs20083003.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":257508,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2008_3003.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5d02e4b0c8380cd700da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winton, James","contributorId":53897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kurath, Gael 0000-0003-3294-560X gkurath@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-560X","contributorId":2629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurath","given":"Gael","email":"gkurath@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Batts, William","contributorId":101337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batts","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70003645,"text":"70003645 - 2008 - The USGS Earthquake Notification Service (ENS): Customizable notifications of earthquakes around the globe","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:16:00","indexId":"70003645","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T09:36:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The USGS Earthquake Notification Service (ENS): Customizable notifications of earthquakes around the globe","docAbstract":"At the beginning of 2006, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earthquake Hazards Program (EHP) introduced a new automated Earthquake Notification Service (ENS) to take the place of the National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC) \"Bigquake\" system and the various other individual EHP e-mail list-servers for separate regions in the United States. These included northern California, southern California, and the central and eastern United States. ENS is a \"one-stop shopping\" system that allows Internet users to subscribe to flexible and customizable notifications for earthquakes anywhere in the world. The customization capability allows users to define the what (magnitude threshold), the when (day and night thresholds), and the where (specific regions) for their notifications. Customization is achieved by employing a per-user based request profile, allowing the notifications to be tailored for each individual's requirements. Such earthquake-parameter-specific custom delivery was not possible with simple e-mail list-servers. Now that event and user profiles are in a structured query language (SQL) database, additional flexibility is possible. At the time of this writing, ENS had more than 114,000 subscribers, with more than 200,000 separate user profiles. On a typical day, more than 188,000 messages get sent to a variety of widely distributed users for a wide range of earthquake locations and magnitudes. The purpose of this article is to describe how ENS works, highlight the features it offers, and summarize plans for future developments.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Seismological Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"El Cerrito, CA","usgsCitation":"Wald, L.A., Wald, D.J., Schwarz, S., Presgrave, B., Earle, P.S., Martinez, E., and Oppenheimer, D., 2008, The USGS Earthquake Notification Service (ENS): Customizable notifications of earthquakes around the globe: Seismological Research Letters, v. 79, no. 1, p. 103-110.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"103","endPage":"110","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204437,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":112436,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://srl.geoscienceworld.org/content/79/1/103.extract","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","volume":"79","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba94fe4b08c986b322197","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wald, Lisa A. 0000-0002-5467-0523 lisa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5467-0523","contributorId":449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"Lisa","email":"lisa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wald, David J. 0000-0002-1454-4514 wald@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"David","email":"wald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwarz, Stan sschwarz@usgs.gov","contributorId":1114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarz","given":"Stan","email":"sschwarz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Presgrave, Bruce","contributorId":69702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Presgrave","given":"Bruce","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Earle, Paul S. pearle@usgs.gov","contributorId":840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Earle","given":"Paul","email":"pearle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":348139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Martinez, Eric","contributorId":51445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinez","given":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Oppenheimer, David","contributorId":58323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oppenheimer","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70039107,"text":"70039107 - 2008 - Contaminant levels in eggs of American white pelicans, Pelecanus erythrorhynchos, from Chase Lake, North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T10:02:38","indexId":"70039107","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T09:33:42","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1163,"text":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contaminant levels in eggs of American white pelicans, Pelecanus erythrorhynchos, from Chase Lake, North Dakota","docAbstract":"American White Pelicans (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) are colonial nesters, making them susceptible to site-specific mortality factors. One of the largest known breeding colonies is at Chase Lake National Wildlife Refuge in North Dakota. In 2004, this colony suffered total reproductive failure. In 2005, we collected abandoned eggs from this colony to test for environmental contaminants. Nine eggs were analyzed for 28 organochlorine pesticides, total polychlorinated biphenyls, and 26 inorganic elements. Based on concentrations in this sample of eggs and levels linked to reproductive problems in birds, adult pelicans in the Chase Lake breeding colony are not at known risk from any of the environmental contaminants we measured.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ottawa Field-Naturalist's Club","publisherLocation":"Ottawa, Ontario","usgsCitation":"Pietz, P., Sovada, M.A., Custer, C.M., Custer, T.W., and Johnson, K.M., 2008, Contaminant levels in eggs of American white pelicans, Pelecanus erythrorhynchos, from Chase Lake, North Dakota: Canadian Field-Naturalist, v. 122, no. 4, p. 312-315.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"312","endPage":"315","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259010,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":259009,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.canadianfieldnaturalist.ca/index.php/cfn/article/view/637","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Chase Lake","volume":"122","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa35e4b0c8380cd4d9ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pietz, Pamela J. ppietz@usgs.gov","contributorId":2382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pietz","given":"Pamela J.","email":"ppietz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":465621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sovada, Marsha A. msovada@usgs.gov","contributorId":2601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sovada","given":"Marsha","email":"msovada@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":465622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Custer, Christine M. 0000-0003-0500-1582 ccuster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0500-1582","contributorId":1143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"Christine","email":"ccuster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Custer, Thomas W. 0000-0003-3170-6519 tcuster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-6519","contributorId":2835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"Thomas","email":"tcuster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Kevin M.","contributorId":57162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70041317,"text":"70041317 - 2008 - Some guidelines for helping natural resources adapt to climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-05T13:53:38","indexId":"70041317","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1948,"text":"IHDP Update","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Some guidelines for helping natural resources adapt to climate change","docAbstract":"The changes occurring in mountain regions are an epitome of climate change. The dramatic shrinkage of major glaciers over the past century – and especially in the last 30 years – is one of several iconic images that have come to symbolize climate change. Climate creates the context for ecosystems, and climate variables strongly influence the structure, composition, and processes that characterize distinct ecosystems. Climate change, therefore, is having direct and indirect effects on species attributes, ecological interactions, and ecosystem processes. Because changes in the climate system will continue regardless of emissions mitigation, management strategies to enhance the resilience of ecosystems will become increasingly important. It is essential that management responses to climate change proceed using the best available science despite uncertainties associated with the future path of climate change, the response of ecosystems to climate effects, and the effects of management. Given these uncertainties, management adaptation will require flexibility to reflect our growing understanding of climate change impacts and management effectiveness.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"IHDP Update","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"UNU-IHDP","publisherLocation":"Shibuya-ku, Tokyo","usgsCitation":"Baron, J., Julius, S.H., West, J.M., Joyce, L.A., Blate, G., Peterson, C.H., Palmer, M., Keller, B.D., Kareiva, P., Scott, J.M., and Griffith, B., 2008, Some guidelines for helping natural resources adapt to climate change: IHDP Update, no. 2, p. 46-52.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"46","endPage":"52","ipdsId":"IP-008250","costCenters":[{"id":461,"text":"Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263705,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263703,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.ihdp.unu.edu/file/get/7722"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 173.0,24.5 ], [ 173.0,71.8 ], [ -66.95,71.8 ], [ -66.95,24.5 ], [ 173.0,24.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50bfbddae4b01744973f783a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baron, Jill S. 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill S.","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Julius, Susan Herrod","contributorId":89031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Julius","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"Herrod","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"West, Jordan M.","contributorId":32414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"West","given":"Jordan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Joyce, Linda A.","contributorId":106769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joyce","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Blate, Geoffrey","contributorId":75030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blate","given":"Geoffrey","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Peterson, Charles H.","contributorId":83596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Palmer, Margaret","contributorId":101959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palmer","given":"Margaret","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Keller, Brian D.","contributorId":93787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kareiva, Peter","contributorId":58160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kareiva","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Scott, J. Michael","contributorId":98877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Griffith, Brad 0000-0001-8698-6859","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8698-6859","contributorId":82571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffith","given":"Brad","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":108,"text":"Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70042167,"text":"70042167 - 2008 - National Wildlife Health Center's quarterly wildlife mortality report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-28T09:00:35","indexId":"70042167","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2876,"text":"Newsletter of the Wildlife Disease Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"National Wildlife Health Center's quarterly wildlife mortality report","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Newsletter of the Wildlife Disease Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","usgsCitation":"Jankowski, M., Schuler, K., and Bradsby, J., 2008, National Wildlife Health Center's quarterly wildlife mortality report: Newsletter of the Wildlife Disease Association, v. 2008, no. January, p. 9-15.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"9","endPage":"15","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264864,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.wildlifedisease.org/wda/Portals/0/WDANewsletterJanuary2008.pdf"},{"id":264865,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,18.9 ], [ 172.5,71.4 ], [ -66.9,71.4 ], [ -66.9,18.9 ], [ 172.5,18.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"2008","issue":"January","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e08cdde4b0fec3206ee2b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jankowski, Mark","contributorId":44111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jankowski","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schuler, Krysten","contributorId":53735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuler","given":"Krysten","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bradsby, Jennifer","contributorId":33664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradsby","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70043078,"text":"pp17135 - 2008 - Age, distribution, and stratigraphic relationship of rock units in the San Joaquin Basin Province, California: Chapter 5 in <i>Petroleum systems and geologic assessment of oil and gas in the San Joaquin Basin Province, California</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-31T13:07:12","indexId":"pp17135","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1713-5","title":"Age, distribution, and stratigraphic relationship of rock units in the San Joaquin Basin Province, California: Chapter 5 in <i>Petroleum systems and geologic assessment of oil and gas in the San Joaquin Basin Province, California</i>","docAbstract":"The San Joaquin Basin is a major petroleum province that forms the southern half of California’s Great Valley, a 700-km-long, asymmetrical basin that originated between a subduction zone to the west and the Sierra Nevada to the east. Sedimentary fill and tectonic structures of the San Joaquin Basin record the Mesozoic through Cenozoic geologic history of North America’s western margin. More than 25,000 feet (>7,500 meters) of sedimentary rocks overlie the basement surface and provide a nearly continuous record of sedimentation over the past ~100 m.y. Further, depositional geometries and fault structures document the tectonic evolution of the region from forearc setting to strike-slip basin to transpressional margin. Sedimentary architecture in the San Joaquin Basin is complicated because of these tectonic regimes and because of lateral changes in depositional environment and temporal changes in relative sea level. Few formations are widespread across the basin. Consequently, a careful analysis of sedimentary facies is required to unravel the basin’s depositional history on a regional scale. At least three high-quality organic source rocks formed in the San Joaquin Basin during periods of sea level transgression and anoxia. Generated on the basin’s west side, hydrocarbons migrated into nearly every facies type in the basin, from shelf and submarine fan sands to diatomite and shale to nonmarine coarse-grained rocks to schist. In 2003, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) completed a geologic assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources and future additions to reserves in the San Joaquin Valley of California (USGS San Joaquin Basin Province Assessment Team, this volume, chapter 1). Several research aims supported this assessment: identifying and mapping the petroleum systems, modeling the generation, migration, and accumulation of hydrocarbons, and defining the volumes of rock to be analyzed for additional resources. To better understand the three dimensional relationships between hydrocarbon source and reservoir rocks, we compiled a database consisting of more than 13,000 well picks and of one-mile resolution seismic grids. Both the well picks and the seismic grids characterize the depths to the top of key stratigraphic units. This database formed the basis of subsequent numerical modeling efforts, including the construction of a three- dimensional geologic model (Hosford Scheirer, this volume, chapter 7) and simulation of the petroleum systems in space and time (Peters, Magoon, Lampe, and others, this volume, chapter 12). To accomplish this modeling, we synthesized the age, geographic distribution, lithology, and petroleum characteristics of hydrocarbon source and reservoir rocks in the basin. The results of that synthesis are presented in this paper in the form of new stratigraphic correlation columns for the northern, central, and southern San Joaquin Valley (fig. 5.1; note that all figures are at the back of this report, following the References Cited). The stratigraphic relationships and ages published here draw heavily on published and unpublished studies of the San Joaquin Basin. The stratigraphy presented in each of the columns necessarily idealizes the subsurface geology over a relatively large area, instead of representing the specific geology at an individual well, oil and gas field, or outcrop. In this paper we present the background rationale for defining the geographic divisions of the basin (inset map, fig. 5.1), the paleontological time scales used for assigning absolute ages to rock units (figs. 5.2 and 5.3), and the supporting maps illustrating the geographic distribution of each rock type included in the stratigraphic column (figs. 5.4 through 5.64).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp17135","usgsCitation":"Hosford Scheirer, A., and Magoon, L.B., 2008, Age, distribution, and stratigraphic relationship of rock units in the San Joaquin Basin Province, California: Chapter 5 in <i>Petroleum systems and geologic assessment of oil and gas in the San Joaquin Basin Province, California</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1713-5, Chapter 5: 107 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp17135.","productDescription":"Chapter 5: 107 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":266943,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1713_5.jpg"},{"id":266941,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1713/","text":"Index Page","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":266942,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1713/05/pp1713_ch05.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.75,34.75 ], [ -121.75,38.0 ], [ -118.75,38.0 ], [ -118.75,34.75 ], [ -121.75,34.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","publicComments":"This report is Chapter 5 in <i>Petroleum systems and geologic assessment of oil and gas in the San Joaquin Basin Province, California</i>.  Please see <a href=\"http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1713\" target=\"_blank\">Professional Paper 1713</a> for other chapters.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5110e682e4b03611765638ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hosford Scheirer, Allegra","contributorId":22217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hosford Scheirer","given":"Allegra","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Magoon, Leslie B. lmagoon@usgs.gov","contributorId":2383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magoon","given":"Leslie","email":"lmagoon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":472919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70043077,"text":"pp17134 - 2008 - California Cenozoic Biostratigraphy -- Paleogene: Chapter 4 in <i>Petroleum systems and geologic assessment of oil and gas in the San Joaquin Basin Province, California</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-31T13:08:02","indexId":"pp17134","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1713-4","title":"California Cenozoic Biostratigraphy -- Paleogene: Chapter 4 in <i>Petroleum systems and geologic assessment of oil and gas in the San Joaquin Basin Province, California</i>","docAbstract":"The time transgressive nature of the California benthic foraminiferal stages is in most cases the result of poor taxonomy, use of local species ranges, and a lack of understanding about the type sections. Correcting these problems allows the stages to be consistently applied and enhances their ability to identify coeval strata. Each stage is identified by the first and last appearances of selected cosmopolitan benthic foraminiferal species and of reliable local species. Although further study is needed, the stages correlate with the international time scale. The revised age interpretation of the stages suggests that the Cheneyian Stage is coeval with planktic zone P1 through P3, the Ynezian Stage is coeval with planktic zone P4, the Bulitian Stage is missing in most section but when present is coeval with zones P5 and P6a, the Penutian Stage is coeval with planktic zones P6b through early P9 (no younger than the overlap between P9 and CP11), the Ulatisian Stage is coeval with P9 (younger than CP11) through P11, the Narizian Stage is coeval with zones P12 through P15, and the Refugian Stage is coeval with zones P16 and P17.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Petroleum systems and geologic assessment of oil and gas in the San Joaquin Basin Province, California (PP 1713)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp17134","usgsCitation":"McDougall, K., 2008, California Cenozoic Biostratigraphy -- Paleogene: Chapter 4 in <i>Petroleum systems and geologic assessment of oil and gas in the San Joaquin Basin Province, California</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1713-4, Chapter 4: 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp17134.","productDescription":"Chapter 4: 56 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":266938,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1713_4.jpg"},{"id":266936,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1713/","text":"Index Page","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":266937,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1713/04/pp1713_ch04.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.75,34.75 ], [ -121.75,38.0 ], [ -118.75,38.0 ], [ -118.75,34.75 ], [ -121.75,34.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","publicComments":"This report is Chapter 4 in <i>Petroleum systems and geologic assessment of oil and gas in the San Joaquin Basin Province, California</i>.  Please see <a href=\"http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1713\" target=\"_blank\">Professional Paper 1713</a> for other chapters.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5110e694e4b036117656391c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McDougall, Kristin 0000-0002-8788-3664","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8788-3664","contributorId":85610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDougall","given":"Kristin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70042164,"text":"70042164 - 2008 - National Wildlife Health Center's quarterly wildlife mortality report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-02T14:45:38","indexId":"70042164","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2876,"text":"Newsletter of the Wildlife Disease Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"National Wildlife Health Center's quarterly wildlife mortality report","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","usgsCitation":"Ramsay, N.G., Ballmann, A., Schuler, K., and Guy, R., 2008, National Wildlife Health Center's quarterly wildlife mortality report: Newsletter of the Wildlife Disease Association, v. 2008, no. October, p. 5-10.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"5","endPage":"10","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264858,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264857,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.wildlifedisease.org/wda/Portals/0/WDANewsletterOctober2008.pdf"}],"country":"United States","volume":"2008","issue":"October","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e08ccee4b0fec3206ee2ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ramsay, Nathan G. nramsay@usgs.gov","contributorId":3191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsay","given":"Nathan","email":"nramsay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ballmann, Anne 0000-0002-0380-056X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0380-056X","contributorId":104631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballmann","given":"Anne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schuler, Krysten","contributorId":53735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuler","given":"Krysten","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Guy, Rachel","contributorId":35681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guy","given":"Rachel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70043082,"text":"pp171313 - 2008 - Miocene Total Petroleum System -- Southeast Stable Shelf Assessment Unit of the San Joaquin Basin Province: Chapter 13 in <i>Petroleum systems and geologic assessment of oil and gas in the San Joaquin Basin Province, California</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-31T13:06:26","indexId":"pp171313","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1713-13","title":"Miocene Total Petroleum System -- Southeast Stable Shelf Assessment Unit of the San Joaquin Basin Province: Chapter 13 in <i>Petroleum systems and geologic assessment of oil and gas in the San Joaquin Basin Province, California</i>","docAbstract":"The confirmed stratigraphic and structural-stratigraphic Southeast Stable Shelf Assessment Unit (AU) of the Miocene Total Petroleum System (San Joaquin Basin Province) comprises all hydrocarbon accumulations within the geographic limits of the AU. Traps typically display low dip angles, gentle folds, and normal faults. Reservoirs, which range in age from fractured Mesozoic basement rocks to Holocene nonmarine rocks, are mainly Oligocene to Miocene sandstones from the uppermost slope and adjacent shelf of the San Joaquin Basin, shallow marine shelf sandstones mainly of Miocene age, and nonmarine sandstones and conglomerates mostly of Pliocene- Pleistocene age. Faults have relatively small vertical displacements. Map boundaries of the assessment unit are shown in figures 13.1 and 13.2; this assessment unit replaces the Southeast Stable Shelf play 1002 considered by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in its 1995 National Assessment (Beyer, 1996). Stratigraphically, the AU extends from the uppermost crystalline basement to the topographic surface (fig. 13.3). The AU is bounded on the west by the approximate location of the shelfslope break of the San Joaquin Basin in late Miocene time, thus excluding reservoirs in the deep-water Stevens sand of Eckis (1940). The eastern boundary of the AU is the edge of onlap of Neogene sedimentary sequences on crystalline basement rocks of the Sierra Nevada. The northern AU boundary is placed at the approximate northern extent of oils in shelf-facies reservoirs known to be sourced by the Miocene Total Petroleum System. This northern boundary explicitly excludes the Deer Creek and Jasmin fields, which were included in the corresponding earlier (1995) USGS play (Beyer, 1996), but which are now known to contain oil generated from Eocene source rocks. The White Wolf Fault bounds the AU on the south.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Petroleum systems and geologic assessment of oil and gas in the San Joaquin Basin Province, California (PP 1713)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp171313","usgsCitation":"Gautier, D.L., and Hosford Scheirer, A., 2008, Miocene Total Petroleum System -- Southeast Stable Shelf Assessment Unit of the San Joaquin Basin Province: Chapter 13 in <i>Petroleum systems and geologic assessment of oil and gas in the San Joaquin Basin Province, California</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1713-13, Chapter 13: 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp171313.","productDescription":"Chapter 13: 19 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":266956,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1713_13.jpg"},{"id":266954,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1713/","text":"Index Page","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":266955,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1713/13/pp1713_ch13.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.75,34.75 ], [ -121.75,38.0 ], [ -118.75,38.0 ], [ -118.75,34.75 ], [ -121.75,34.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","publicComments":"This report is Chapter 13 in <i>Petroleum systems and geologic assessment of oil and gas in the San Joaquin Basin Province, California</i>.  Please see <a href=\"http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1713\" target=\"_blank\">Professional Paper 1713</a> for other chapters.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5110e6a0e4b0361176563961","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gautier, Donald L. gautier@usgs.gov","contributorId":1310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gautier","given":"Donald","email":"gautier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hosford Scheirer, Allegra","contributorId":22217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hosford Scheirer","given":"Allegra","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70043321,"text":"pp171321 - 2008 - Winters-Domengine Total Petroleum System—Northern Nonassociated Gas Assessment Unit of the San Joaquin Basin Province: Chapter 21 in <i>Petroleum systems and geologic assessment of oil and gas in the San Joaquin Basin Province, California</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-31T13:04:47","indexId":"pp171321","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1713-21","title":"Winters-Domengine Total Petroleum System—Northern Nonassociated Gas Assessment Unit of the San Joaquin Basin Province: Chapter 21 in <i>Petroleum systems and geologic assessment of oil and gas in the San Joaquin Basin Province, California</i>","docAbstract":"The Northern Nonassociated Gas Assessment Unit (AU) of the Winters-Domengine Total Petroleum System of the San Joaquin Basin Province consists of all nonassociated gas accumulations in Cretaceous, Eocene, and Miocene sandstones located north of township 15 South in the San Joaquin Valley. The northern San Joaquin Valley forms a northwest-southeast trending asymmetrical trough. It is filled with an alternating sequence of Cretaceous-aged sands and shales deposited on Franciscan Complex, ophiolitic, and Sierran basement. Eocene-aged strata unconformably overlie the thick Cretaceous section, and in turn are overlain unconformably by nonmarine Pliocene-Miocene sediments. Nonassociated gas accumulations have been discovered in the sands of the Panoche, Moreno, Kreyenhagen, andDomengine Formations and in the nonmarine Zilch formation of Loken (1959) (hereafter referred to as Zilch formation). Most hydrocarbon accumulations occur in low-relief, northwest-southeast trending anticlines formed chiefly by differential compaction of sediment and by northeast southwest directed compression during the Paleogene (Bartow, 1991) and in stratigraphic traps formed by pinch out of submarine fan sands against slope shales. To date, 176 billion cubic feet (BCF) of nonassociated recoverable gas has been found in fields within the assessment unit (table 21.1). A small amount of biogenic gas forms near the surface of the AU. Map boundaries of the assessment unit are shown in figures 21.1 and 21.2; in plan view, this assessment unit is identical to the Northern Area Nonassociated Gas play 1007 considered by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in its 1995 National Assessment (Beyer, 1996). The AU is bounded on the east by the mapped limits of Cretaceous sandstone reservoir rocks and on the west by the east flank of the Diablo Range. The southern limit of the AU is the southernmost occurrence of nonassociated thermogenic-gas accumulations. The northern limit of the AU corresponds to the Stanislaus-San Joaquin county line, which also defines the northern boundary of the San Joaquin Basin Province. In the vertical dimension, the AU extends from the uppermost crystalline basement to the topographic surface (fig. 21.3), to allow for the possibility of down-section charge across fault surfaces and up-dip migration. The gas in this AU may be sourced from the Winters- Domengine(?) petroleum system, located in the Sacramento Valley north of the San Joaquin Valley, as defined by Magoon and others (1994a,b) (question mark notation derives from convention of Magoon and Dow, 1994, and indicates speculative genetic relationship between hydrocarbons and source rock). The Winters-Domengine Total Petroleum System defined for this assessment contains about 7.2 trillion cubic feet (TCF) of known, recoverable gas and includes the Rio Vista gas field, which alone accounts for 4 TCF of recoverable gas through 2002 (CDOGGR, 2003). Alternatively, the northern nonassociated gas may be sourced from the Moreno Formation within the San Joaquin Valley itself.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Petroleum systems and geologic assessment of oil and gas in the San Joaquin Basin Province, California (PP 1713)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp171321","usgsCitation":"Hosford Scheirer, A., and Magoon, L.B., 2008, Winters-Domengine Total Petroleum System—Northern Nonassociated Gas Assessment Unit of the San Joaquin Basin Province: Chapter 21 in <i>Petroleum systems and geologic assessment of oil and gas in the San Joaquin Basin Province, California</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1713-21, Chapter 21: 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp171321.","productDescription":"Chapter 21: 27 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267259,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1713_21.jpg"},{"id":267257,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1713/","text":"Index Page","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":267258,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1713/21/pp1713_ch21.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.75,34.75 ], [ -121.75,38.0 ], [ -118.75,38.0 ], [ -118.75,34.75 ], [ -121.75,34.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","publicComments":"This report is Chapter 21 in <i>Petroleum systems and geologic assessment of oil and gas in the San Joaquin Basin Province, California</i>.  Please see <a href=\"http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1713\" target=\"_blank\">Professional Paper 1713</a> for other chapters.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"511a2119e4b084e2824d69ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hosford Scheirer, Allegra","contributorId":22217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hosford Scheirer","given":"Allegra","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Magoon, Leslie B. lmagoon@usgs.gov","contributorId":2383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magoon","given":"Leslie","email":"lmagoon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":473384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70041319,"text":"70041319 - 2008 - An exploration of Bureau of Reclamation approaches for managing conflict over diverging science","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-06T13:24:57","indexId":"70041319","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5145,"text":"Technical Memorandum","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"86-68211-09-01","title":"An exploration of Bureau of Reclamation approaches for managing conflict over diverging science","docAbstract":"<p>As a major institutional agent supplying Western water resources, the Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) provides important leadership, technical, and financial resources in water management, serving as the West's \"water broker\" (Bowersox 2000; Pisani 2003). In recent years, growing numbers of constituencies using water and the over-allocation of water resources have contributed to conflict over the resource in the American West (National Research Council 2004). Although the conflicts arise from many sources, one common theme is that Reclamation managers often must make decisions about water use and allocation when scientific studies provide uncertain or competing recommendations. We conducted a preliminary study of Reclamation water managers and water scientists to try to understand the approaches or techniques they use or consider useful for dealing with scientific conflicts over water allocation and how these compare to techniques found in the relevant literature. </p><p>We report the results of (1) an electronic survey of Reclamation senior managers and (2) a panel discussion amongst Reclamation senior managers as to the current institutional capabilities for managing diverging scientific findings in water dispute resolution processes. We conclude with a discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of the different tools and techniques managers reported in the survey and in the panel discussion.</p>","conferenceTitle":"Institutional Solutions for Water Resource Conflicts Workshop","conferenceDate":"September 24-27, 2007","conferenceLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","language":"English","publisher":"Bureau of Reclamation","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","usgsCitation":"Burkardt, N., Ruell, E., and Clark, D., 2008, An exploration of Bureau of Reclamation approaches for managing conflict over diverging science: Technical Memorandum 86-68211-09-01, 19 p.","productDescription":"19 p.","numberOfPages":"23","ipdsId":"IP-008244","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263647,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263646,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.usbr.gov/research/publications/download_product.cfm?id=420"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50bfbdc0e4b01744973f7825","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burkardt, Nina 0000-0002-9392-9251 burkardtn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9392-9251","contributorId":2781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkardt","given":"Nina","email":"burkardtn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruell, Emily","contributorId":17113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruell","given":"Emily","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, Douglas","contributorId":101540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Douglas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70038218,"text":"70038218 - 2008 - Co-precipitation of dissolved organic matter by calcium carbonate in Pyramid Lake, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T10:17:50","indexId":"70038218","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-11T12:26:40","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":791,"text":"Annals of Environmental Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Co-precipitation of dissolved organic matter by calcium carbonate in Pyramid Lake, Nevada","docAbstract":"Our previous research has demonstrated that dissolved organic matter (DOM) influences calcium carbonate mineral formation in surface and ground water. To better understand DOM mediation of carbonate precipitation and DOM co-precipitation and/or incorporation with carbonate minerals, we characterized the content and speciation of DOM in carbonate minerals and in the lake water of Pyramid Lake, Nevada, USA. A 400-gram block of precipitated calcium carbonate from the Pyramid Lake shore was dissolved in 8 liters of 10% acetic acid. Particulate matter not dissolved by acetic acid was removed by centrifugation. DOM from the carbonate rock was fractionated into nine portions using evaporation, dialysis, resin adsorption, and selective precipitations to remove acetic acid and inorganic constituents. The calcium carbonate rock contained 0.23% DOM by weight. This DOM was enriched in polycarboxylic proteinaceous acids and hydroxy-acids in comparison with the present lake water. DOM in lake water was composed of aliphatic, alicyclic polycarboxylic acids. These compound classes were found in previous studies to inhibit calcium carbonate precipitation. DOM fractions from the carbonate rock were <sup>14</sup>C-age dated at about 3,100 to 3,500 years before present. The mechanism of DOM co-precipitation and/or physical incorporation in the calcium carbonate is believed to be due to formation of insoluble calcium complexes with polycarboxylic proteinaceous acids and hydroxy-acids that have moderately large stability constants at the alkaline pH of the lake. DOM co-precipitation with calcium carbonate and incorporation in precipitated carbonate minerals removes proteinaceous DOM, but nearly equivalent concentrations of neutral and acidic forms of organic nitrogen in DOM remain in solution. Calcium carbonate precipitation during lime softening pretreatment of drinking water may have practical applications for removal of proteinaceous disinfection by-product precursors.","language":"English","publisher":"Northeastern University","usgsCitation":"Leenheer, J.A., and Reddy, M.M., 2008, Co-precipitation of dissolved organic matter by calcium carbonate in Pyramid Lake, Nevada: Annals of Environmental Science, v. 2, p. 11-25.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"25","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254615,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":254610,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.aes.neu.edu/table_contents/abstract12/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Pyramid Lake","volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f67be4b0c8380cd4c7ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leenheer, Jerry A.","contributorId":72420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leenheer","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reddy, Michael M. mmreddy@usgs.gov","contributorId":684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"Michael","email":"mmreddy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70003667,"text":"70003667 - 2008 - Modeling landslide recurrence in Seattle, Washington, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:16:01","indexId":"70003667","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T13:14:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1517,"text":"Engineering Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling landslide recurrence in Seattle, Washington, USA","docAbstract":"To manage the hazard associated with shallow landslides, decision makers need an understanding of where and when landslides may occur. A variety of approaches have been used to estimate the hazard from shallow, rainfall-triggered landslides, such as empirical rainfall threshold methods or probabilistic methods based on historical records. The wide availability of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and digital topographic data has led to the development of analytic methods for landslide hazard estimation that couple steady-state hydrological models with slope stability calculations. Because these methods typically neglect the transient effects of infiltration on slope stability, results cannot be linked with historical or forecasted rainfall sequences. Estimates of the frequency of conditions likely to cause landslides are critical for quantitative risk and hazard assessments. We present results to demonstrate how a transient infiltration model coupled with an infinite slope stability calculation may be used to assess shallow landslide frequency in the City of Seattle, Washington, USA. A module called CRF (Critical RainFall) for estimating deterministic rainfall thresholds has been integrated in the TRIGRS (Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid-based Slope-Stability) model that combines a transient, one-dimensional analytic solution for pore-pressure response to rainfall infiltration with an infinite slope stability calculation. Input data for the extended model include topographic slope, colluvial thickness, initial water-table depth, material properties, and rainfall durations. This approach is combined with a statistical treatment of rainfall using a GEV (General Extreme Value) probabilistic distribution to produce maps showing the shallow landslide recurrence induced, on a spatially distributed basis, as a function of rainfall duration and hillslope characteristics.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Engineering Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","usgsCitation":"Salciarini, D., Godt, J.W., Savage, W.Z., Baum, R.L., and Conversini, P., 2008, Modeling landslide recurrence in Seattle, Washington, USA: Engineering Geology, v. 102, no. 3-4, p. 227-237.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"227","endPage":"237","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":111016,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013795208001865","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":204478,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","city":"Seattle","volume":"102","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c07e4b0c8380cd6f9a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Salciarini, Diana","contributorId":38022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salciarini","given":"Diana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Godt, Jonathan W. 0000-0002-8737-2493 jgodt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8737-2493","contributorId":1166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"Jonathan","email":"jgodt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Savage, William Z.","contributorId":107686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baum, Rex L. 0000-0001-5337-1970 baum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5337-1970","contributorId":1288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baum","given":"Rex","email":"baum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Conversini, Pietro","contributorId":15077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conversini","given":"Pietro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70006111,"text":"sir20085183 - 2008 - Delineation of landform and lithologic units for Ecological Landtype-Association analysis in Glacier Bay National Park, Southeast Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:57","indexId":"sir20085183","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5183","title":"Delineation of landform and lithologic units for Ecological Landtype-Association analysis in Glacier Bay National Park, Southeast Alaska","docAbstract":"Landform and generalized bedrock lithologic units have been delineated for ecological landtype association analysis in Glacier Bay National Park in southeast Alaska (as the Park boundaries were defined before the 1971 Alaska National Interest Lands expansion).\nRelated U.S. Forest Service efforts have covered (1) the whole region at coarse ecological- unit scale, including domains, divisions, provinces, sections, and subsections; and (2) small parts the region at subsection scale. These small parts are generally forest-covered shoreline to timberline areas with relatively subdued topography, extensive bedrock exposures, and no active glaciers. The detailed studies established that the combination of landform and bedrock-lithologic information was a good indicator of ecosystem productivity and types of plant communities.\nThis study of Glacier Bay National Park covers areas similar to those of the detailed studies but also includes a large proportion of high (15,300 feet), glacier-clad alpine terrain and large, active-valley glacier systems. This terrain reflects (1) the orographic and microclimatic effects associated with the high-altitude barrier that is the Fairweather Range part of the St. Elias Mountains and its rapidly retreating glaciers, and (2) the geologic, tectonic, and erosional history of this range.\nIn this study, landforms were classified-by using topographic maps and personal experience-into eight categories similar to those used by the U.S. Forest Service. The 90 bedrock-lithologic units on the current Glacier Bay geologic map were classified into 13 generalized lithologic units corresponding exactly to those used by the U.S. Forest Service. Incomplete storm-track, storm-intensity, and limited climatic information have also been compiled.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20085183","collaboration":"In cooperation with the U.S. Forest Service","usgsCitation":"Brew, D.A., 2008, Delineation of landform and lithologic units for Ecological Landtype-Association analysis in Glacier Bay National Park, Southeast Alaska (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5183, iv, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085183.","productDescription":"iv, 7 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116662,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2008_5183.png"},{"id":110964,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5183/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"state":"Alaska","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe6fe4b0c8380cd4ed20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brew, David A. dbrew@usgs.gov","contributorId":3244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brew","given":"David","email":"dbrew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":353863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70006103,"text":"fs20083065 - 2008 - <i>The National Map</i> product and services directory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-17T15:31:49","indexId":"fs20083065","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-3065","title":"<i>The National Map</i> product and services directory","docAbstract":"As one of the cornerstones of the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) National Geospatial Program (NGP), <i>The National Map</i> is a collaborative effort among the USGS and other Federal, state, and local partners to improve and deliver topographic information for the Nation. It has many uses ranging from recreation to scientific analysis to emergency response. <i>The National Map</i> is easily accessible for display on the Web, as products, and as downloadable data. The geographic information available from <i>The National Map</i> includes orthoimagery (aerial photographs), elevation, geographic names, hydrography, boundaries, transportation, structures, and land cover. Other types of geographic information can be added to create specific types of maps. Of major importance, <i>The National Map</i> currently is being transformed to better serve the geospatial community.  The USGS National Geospatial Program Office (NGPO) was established to provide leadership for placing geographic knowledge at the fingertips of the Nation. The office supports <i>The National Map</i>, Geospatial One-Stop (GOS), National Atlas of the United States<sup>&reg;</sup>, and the Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC). This integrated portfolio of geospatial information and data supports the essential components of delivering the National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) and capitalizing on the power of place.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20083065","usgsCitation":"Newell, M.R., 2008, <i>The National Map</i> product and services directory: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2008-3065, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20083065.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":404,"text":"NGTOC Rolla","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116668,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2008_3065.jpg"},{"id":110955,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3065/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4939e4b0b290850eeff5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Newell, Mark R. mnewell@usgs.gov","contributorId":2064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newell","given":"Mark","email":"mnewell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":353841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70003633,"text":"70003633 - 2008 - Responses in bird communities to wildland fires in southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-23T12:45:35","indexId":"70003633","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1636,"text":"Fire Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Responses in bird communities to wildland fires in southern California","docAbstract":"There is a growing body of literature covering the responses of bird species to wildland fire events. Our study was unique among these because we investigated the effects of large-scale wildland fires on entire bird communities across multiple vegetation types. We conducted avian point counts during the breeding seasons for two years before and two years after the Cedar and Otay Fires in 2003 in southern California. Our balanced sampling effort took place at two sites, one low-elevation and one high-elevation, each containing replicate stations (burned and unburned) within five vegetation types: chaparral, coastal sage scrub, grassland, oak woodland, and riparian. Although fire caused some degree of change in the vegetation structure at all of our impacted survey points, we found that the post-fire shrub and tree cover was significantly lower in only two of the vegetation types within the low-elevation site, coastal sage scrub and chaparral. We found no significant changes in cover at the high-elevation site. Using univariate and multivariate analyses, we tested whether the fires were associated with a change in bird species diversity, community structure, and the relative abundance of individuals within a species. We found that species diversity changed in only one circumstance: it increased in coastal sage scrub at the low-elevation site. Multivariate analyses revealed significant differences in the post-fire bird community structure in the low-elevation chaparral, low-elevation coastal sage scrub, and the high-elevation grassland communities. Vegetation characteristics altered by fire, such as decreases in shrub and tree cover, influenced the changes we observed in the bird communities. The relative abundance of some species (lazuli bunting [<i>Passerina amoena</i>] and horned lark [<i>Eremophila alpestris</i>]) significantly increased after the fires, while other species declined significantly (Anna's hummingbird [<i>Calypte anna</i>], wrentit [<i>Chamaea fasciata</i>], and bushtit [<i>Psaltriparus minimus</i>]). We detected mixed results for the spotted towhee (<i>Pipilo maculatus</i>), which increased in burned chaparral and declined in burned coastal sage scrub within the low-elevation site. We suggest that the observed responses of birds to these fires may be attributed to: (1) the availability of nearby unburned refugia, (2) the continued suitability of post-fire vegetation at the study sites, and (3) the generally high mobility of this taxon.","language":"English","publisher":"Association for Fire Ecology","publisherLocation":"Redlands, CA","doi":"10.4996/fireecology.0402063","usgsCitation":"Mendelsohn, M.B., Brehme, C.S., Rochester, C.J., Stokes, D.C., Hathaway, S.A., and Fisher, R.N., 2008, Responses in bird communities to wildland fires in southern California: Fire Ecology, v. 4, no. 2, p. 63-82, https://doi.org/10.4996/fireecology.0402063.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"82","temporalStart":"2001-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476465,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4996/fireecology.0402063","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204499,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","volume":"4","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4781e4b07f02db482aab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mendelsohn, Mark B.","contributorId":15334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mendelsohn","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brehme, Cheryl S. 0000-0001-8904-3354 cbrehme@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8904-3354","contributorId":3419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brehme","given":"Cheryl","email":"cbrehme@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rochester, Carlton J. 0000-0002-0625-4496 crochester@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0625-4496","contributorId":3032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rochester","given":"Carlton","email":"crochester@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stokes, Drew C.","contributorId":33836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stokes","given":"Drew","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hathaway, Stacie A. 0000-0002-4167-8059 sahathaway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4167-8059","contributorId":3420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hathaway","given":"Stacie","email":"sahathaway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240 rfisher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":1529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert","email":"rfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70003486,"text":"70003486 - 2008 - Reevaluation of mid-Pliocene North Atlantic sea surface temperatures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:59","indexId":"70003486","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3002,"text":"Paleoceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reevaluation of mid-Pliocene North Atlantic sea surface temperatures","docAbstract":"Multiproxy temperature estimation requires careful attention to biological, chemical, physical, temporal, and calibration differences of each proxy and paleothermometry method. We evaluated mid-Pliocene sea surface temperature (SST) estimates from multiple proxies at Deep Sea Drilling Project Holes 552A, 609B, 607, and 606, transecting the North Atlantic Drift. SST estimates derived from faunal assemblages, foraminifer Mg/Ca, and alkenone unsaturation indices showed strong agreement at Holes 552A, 607, and 606 once differences in calibration, depth, and seasonality were addressed. Abundant extinct species and/or an unrecognized productivity signal in the faunal assemblage at Hole 609B resulted in exaggerated faunal-based SST estimates but did not affect alkenone-derived or Mg/Ca&ndash;derived estimates. Multiproxy mid-Pliocene North Atlantic SST estimates corroborate previous studies documenting high-latitude mid-Pliocene warmth and refine previous faunal-based estimates affected by environmental factors other than temperature. Multiproxy investigations will aid SST estimation in high-latitude areas sensitive to climate change and currently underrepresented in SST reconstructions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Paleoceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Robinson, M.M., Dowsett, H.J., Dwyer, G., and Lawrence, K.T., 2008, Reevaluation of mid-Pliocene North Atlantic sea surface temperatures: Paleoceanography, v. 23, no. PA3213, 9 p.","productDescription":"9 p.","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110854,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2008/2008PA001608.shtml","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":204280,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"PA3213","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a30e4b07f02db6168ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, Marci M. 0000-0002-9200-4097 mmrobinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9200-4097","contributorId":2082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Marci","email":"mmrobinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dowsett, Harry J. 0000-0003-1983-7524 hdowsett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1983-7524","contributorId":949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowsett","given":"Harry","email":"hdowsett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dwyer, Gary S.","contributorId":67642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"Gary S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lawrence, Kira T.","contributorId":96819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"Kira","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70003718,"text":"70003718 - 2008 - Radargrammetry on three planets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-12T15:50:03","indexId":"70003718","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5650,"text":"The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences","onlineIssn":"2194-9034","printIssn":"1682-1750","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":19}},"title":"Radargrammetry on three planets","docAbstract":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) can provide useful images in situations where passive optical imaging cannot, either because the microwaves used can penetrate atmospheric clouds, because active imaging can \"see in the dark,\" or both. We have participated in the NASA Magellan mission to Venus in the 1990s and the current NASA-ESA Cassini-Huygens mission to Saturn and Titan, which have used SAR to see through the clouds of Venus and Titan, respectively, and have developed software and techniques for the production of digital topographic models (DTMs) from radar stereopairs. We are currently preparing for similar radargrammetric analysis of data from the Mini-RF instrument to be carried to the Moon on both the ISRO Chandrayaan-1 and NASA Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) missions later in 2008. These instruments are intended to image the permanently shadowed areas at the lunar poles and even see below the surface to detect possible water ice deposits. In this paper, we describe our approach to radargrammetric topographic mapping, based on the use of the USGS ISIS software system to ingest and prepare data, and the commercial stereoanalysis software SOCET SET (&#174; BAE Systems), augmented with custom sensor models we have implemented, for DTM production and editing. We describe the commonalities and differences between the various data sets, and some of the lessons learned, both radargrammetric and geoscientific.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings: XXIst ISPRS Congress, Technical Commission IV ","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"XXIst ISPRS Congress Technical Commission IV ","conferenceDate":"July 3-11, 2008","conferenceLocation":"Beijing, China","language":"English","publisher":"The International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","publisherLocation":"Beijing, China","usgsCitation":"Kirk, R.L., and Howington-Kraus, E., 2008, Radargrammetry on three planets, <i>in</i> Proceedings: XXIst ISPRS Congress, Technical Commission IV , v. 37, no. B4, Beijing, China, July 3-11, 2008, p. 973-980.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"973","endPage":"980","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204463,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":352494,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.isprs.org/proceedings/XXXVII/congress/tc4.aspx"},{"id":101754,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.isprs.org/proceedings/XXXVII/congress/4_pdf/173.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"37","issue":"B4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db635024","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Chen, Jun","contributorId":47641,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chen","given":"Jun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":731057,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jiang, Jie","contributorId":66116,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jiang","given":"Jie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":731058,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nayak, Shailesh","contributorId":198415,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nayak","given":"Shailesh","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":731059,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Kirk, Randolph L. 0000-0003-0842-9226 rkirk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-9226","contributorId":2765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"Randolph","email":"rkirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Howington-Kraus, Elpitha 0000-0001-5787-6554 ahowington@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5787-6554","contributorId":2815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howington-Kraus","given":"Elpitha","email":"ahowington@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70003929,"text":"70003929 - 2008 - Environmental occurrence and shallow ground water detection of the antibiotic monensin from dairy farms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T11:08:39","indexId":"70003929","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental occurrence and shallow ground water detection of the antibiotic monensin from dairy farms","docAbstract":"Pharmaceuticals used in animal feeding operations have been detected in various environmental settings. There is a growing concern about the impact on terrestrial and aquatic organisms and the development of antibiotic-resistant strains of microorganisms. Pharmaceutical use in milking cows is relatively limited compared with other livestock operations, except for the ionophore monensin, which is given to lactating cows as a feed. By weight, monensin can be the most significant antibiotic used in a dairy farm. This study investigates the potential of monensin to move from dairy operations into the surrounding ground water. Using two dairy farms in California as study sites, we twice collected samples along the environmental pathway-from flush lanes, lagoon waters, and shallow ground water beneath the dairies and beneath its associated manured fields. Monensin concentrations were determined using solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with positive electrospray ionization. Monensin was detected in all of the flush lane and lagoon water samples. Theoretical maximum concentration estimated from the actual dosing rate and the theoretical excretion rate assuming no attenuation was one order of magnitude greater than observed concentrations, suggesting significant attenuation in the manure collection and storage system. Monensin was also detected, at levels ranging from 0.04 to 0.39 microg L(-1), in some of the ground water samples underneath the production area of the dairy but not from the adjacent manured fields. Concentrations in ground water immediately downgradient of the lagoons were one to two orders of magnitude lower than the concentrations detected in lagoons, suggesting attenuation in the subsurface. The data suggest the possibility of monensin transport into shallow (2-5 m) alluvial ground water from dairy management units, including manure storage lagoons and freestalls occupied by heifers, lactating cows, and dry cows.","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2134/jeq2007.0371","usgsCitation":"Watanabe, N., Harter, T., and Bergamaschi, B., 2008, Environmental occurrence and shallow ground water detection of the antibiotic monensin from dairy farms: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 37, no. 5 (Supplement), p. S78-S85, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0371.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"S78","endPage":"S85","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204404,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"5 (Supplement)","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db6024fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watanabe, N.","contributorId":47078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watanabe","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harter, T.H.","contributorId":58770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harter","given":"T.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bergamaschi, B.A. 0000-0002-9610-5581","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":22401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"B.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70004009,"text":"70004009 - 2008 - Paleowetlands and regional climate change in the central Atacama Desert, northern Chile","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-25T13:44:35","indexId":"70004009","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleowetlands and regional climate change in the central Atacama Desert, northern Chile","docAbstract":"Widespread, organic-rich diatomaceous deposits are evidence for formerly wetter times along the margins of the central Atacama Desert, one of the driest places on Earth today. We mapped and dated these paleowetland deposits at three presently waterless locations near Salar de Punta Negra (24.5&deg;S) on the western slope of the Andes. Elevated groundwater levels supported phreatic discharge into wetlands during two periods: 15,900 to ~ 13,800 and 12,700 to ~ 9700 cal yr BP. Dense concentrations of lithic artifacts testify to the presence of paleoindians around the wetlands late in the second wet phase (11,000?&ndash;9700 cal yr BP). Water tables dropped below the surface before 15,900 and since 8100 cal yr BP, and briefly between ~ 13,800 and 12,700 cal yr BP. This temporal pattern is repeated, with some slight differences, in rodent middens from the study area, in both paleowetland and rodent midden deposits north and south of the study area, and in lake level fluctuations on the adjacent Bolivian Altiplano. The regional synchroneity of these changes points to a strengthening of the South American Monsoon &mdash; which we term the \"Central Andean Pluvial Event\" &mdash; in two distinct intervals (15,900&ndash;13,800 and 12,700&ndash;9700 cal yr BP), probably induced by steepened SST gradients across the tropical Pacific (i.e., La Ni&#241;a-like conditions).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.yqres.2008.01.003","usgsCitation":"Quade, J., Rech, J.A., Betancourt, J.L., Latorre, C., Quade, B., Rylander, K.A., and Fisher, T., 2008, Paleowetlands and regional climate change in the central Atacama Desert, northern Chile: Quaternary Research, v. 69, no. 3, p. 343-360, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2008.01.003.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"343","endPage":"360","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488478,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://americanae.aecid.es/americanae/es/registros/registro.do?tipoRegistro=MTD&idBib=3449484","text":"External Repository"},{"id":204455,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266472,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2008.01.003"}],"country":"Chile","otherGeospatial":"Atacama Desert;Andes Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -69.5,-26 ], [ -69.5,-25 ], [ -69,-25 ], [ -69,-26 ], [ -69.5,-26 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"69","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b08e4b07f02db69b834","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Quade, Jay","contributorId":104197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quade","given":"Jay","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rech, Jason A.","contributorId":30730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rech","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Betancourt, Julio L. 0000-0002-7165-0743 jlbetanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":3376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"Julio","email":"jlbetanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Latorre, Claudio","contributorId":94019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Latorre","given":"Claudio","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Quade, Barbra","contributorId":41576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quade","given":"Barbra","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rylander, Kate Aasen","contributorId":76447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rylander","given":"Kate","email":"","middleInitial":"Aasen","affiliations":[{"id":219,"text":"Desert Laboratory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":350131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fisher, Timothy","contributorId":82052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Timothy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70003430,"text":"70003430 - 2008 - Light-toned salty soils and co-existing Si-rich species discovered by the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit in Columbia Hills","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-27T10:36:10","indexId":"70003430","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Light-toned salty soils and co-existing Si-rich species discovered by the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit in Columbia Hills","docAbstract":"Light-toned soils were exposed, through serendipitous excavations by Spirit Rover wheels, at eight locations in the Columbia Hills. Their occurrences were grouped into four types on the basis of geomorphic settings. At three major exposures, the light-toned soils are hydrous and sulfate-rich. The spatial distributions of distinct types of salty soils vary substantially: with centimeter-scaled heterogeneities at Paso Robles, Dead Sea, Shredded, and Champagne-Penny, a well-mixed nature for light-toned soils occurring near and at the summit of Husband Hill, and relatively homogeneous distributions in the two layers at the Tyrone site. Aeolian, fumarolic, and hydrothermal fluid processes are suggested to be responsible for the deposition, transportation, and accumulation of these light-toned soils. In addition, a change in Pancam spectra of Tyrone yellowish soils was observed after being exposed to current Martian surface conditions for 175 sols. This change is interpreted to be caused by the dehydration of ferric sulfates on the basis of laboratory simulations and suggests a relative humidity gradient beneath the surface. Si-rich nodules and soils were observed near the major exposures of S-rich soils. They possess a characteristic feature in Pancam visible near-infrared (Vis-NIR) spectra that may be diagnostic of hydrated species, and this spectral feature can be used to search for additional Si-rich species. The exposures of hydrated salty soils within various geomorphic settings imply the potential existence of hydrous minerals in similar settings over a much wider area. Hydrous sulfates represent one of the candidates that may contribute the high level of water equivalent hydrogen in equatorial regions detected by the Neutron Spectrometer on Mars Odyssey.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2008JE003126","usgsCitation":"Wang, A., Bell, J., Li, R., Johnson, J.R., Farrand, W.H., Cloutis, E., Arvidson, R., Crumpler, L., Squyres, S.W., McLennan, S.M., Herkenhoff, K.E., Ruff, S.W., Knudson, A., Chen, W., and Greenberger, R., 2008, Light-toned salty soils and co-existing Si-rich species discovered by the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit in Columbia Hills: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 113, no. 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