{"pageNumber":"2111","pageRowStart":"52750","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184689,"records":[{"id":70003997,"text":"70003997 - 2008 - Late-Holocene fossil rodent middens from the Arica region of northernmost Chile","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:53","indexId":"70003997","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2183,"text":"Journal of Arid Environments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late-Holocene fossil rodent middens from the Arica region of northernmost Chile","docAbstract":"Identification of >40 taxa of plant macrofossils in 14 rodent (Abrocoma) middens collected from 2800 to 3590 m elevation at the latitude of Arica, Chile (18°S) provide snapshots of vegetation in the northernmost Atacama Desert over the past 3000 years. Midden floras show considerable stability throughout the late Holocene, which may be due in part to the broad elevational ranges of many perennial species and midden insensitivity to changes in plant community structure. The greatest variability is found in annuals in the Prepuna, a climatically sensitive zone. This variability, however might also arise from the brevity of midden depositional episodes. As the first midden record from the Arica-Parinacota Region (Chile's northernmost administrative region), this study demonstrates the potential for future midden research in this area.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Arid Environments","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","usgsCitation":"Holmgren, C., Rosello, E., Latorre, C., and Betancourt, J., 2008, Late-Holocene fossil rodent middens from the Arica region of northernmost Chile: Journal of Arid Environments, v. 75, no. 5, p. 677-686.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"677","endPage":"686","costCenters":[{"id":219,"text":"Desert Laboratory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204155,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":91863,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140196307002455","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Chile","state":"Arica-Parinacota Region","otherGeospatial":"Atacama Desert","volume":"75","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8840","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holmgren, C.A.","contributorId":19692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmgren","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosello, E.","contributorId":91229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosello","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Latorre, C.","contributorId":101797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Latorre","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Betancourt, J.L. 0000-0002-7165-0743","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":87505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":350078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70003656,"text":"70003656 - 2008 - Ferguson rock slide buries California State Highway near Yosemite National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:51","indexId":"70003656","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2604,"text":"Landslides","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ferguson rock slide buries California State Highway near Yosemite National Park","docAbstract":"During spring 2006, talus from the toe area of a rock-block slide of about 800,000 m3 buried California State Highway 140, one of the main routes into heavily-visited Yosemite National Park, USA. Closure of the highway for 92 days caused business losses of about 4.8 million USD. The rock slide, composed of slate and phyllite, moved slowly downslope from April to June 2006, creating a fresh head scarp with 9-12 m of displacement. Movement of the main rock slide, a re-activation of an older slide, was triggered by an exceptionally wet spring 2006, following a very wet spring 2005. As of autumn 2006, most of the main slide appeared to be at rest, although rocks occasionally continued to fall from steep, fractured rock masses at the toe area of the slide. Future behavior of the slide is difficult to predict, but possible scenarios range from continued scattered rock fall to complete rapid failure of the entire mass. Although unlikely except under very destabilizing circumstances, a worst-case, rapid failure of the entire rock slide could extend across the Merced River, damming the river and creating a reservoir. As a temporary measure, traffic has been rerouted to the opposite side of the Merced River at about the same elevation as the buried section of Highway 140. A state-of-the-art monitoring system has been installed to detect movement in the steep talus slope, movement of the main slide mass, local strong ground motion from regional earthquakes, and sudden changes in stream levels, possibly indicating damming of the river by slide material.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landslides","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Netherlands","usgsCitation":"Harp, E.L., Reid, M.E., Godt, J.W., DeGraff, J.V., and Gallegos, A.J., 2008, Ferguson rock slide buries California State Highway near Yosemite National Park: Landslides, v. 5, no. 3, p. 331-337.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"331","endPage":"337","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203970,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":24575,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.springerlink.com/content/egl5524596j30412/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","volume":"5","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f5c51","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harp, Edwin L. harp@usgs.gov","contributorId":1290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harp","given":"Edwin","email":"harp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":348198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reid, Mark E. 0000-0002-5595-1503 mreid@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5595-1503","contributorId":1167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"Mark","email":"mreid@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Godt, Jonathan W. 0000-0002-8737-2493 jgodt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8737-2493","contributorId":1166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"Jonathan","email":"jgodt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DeGraff, Jerome V.","contributorId":85709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeGraff","given":"Jerome","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gallegos, Alan J.","contributorId":49094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallegos","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70003444,"text":"70003444 - 2008 - Hydrologic connections and dynamics of water movement in the classical Karst (Kras) aquifer: Evidence from frequent chemical and stable isotope sampling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-21T15:02:10.623219","indexId":"70003444","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":628,"text":"Acta Carsologica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic connections and dynamics of water movement in the classical Karst (Kras) aquifer: Evidence from frequent chemical and stable isotope sampling","docAbstract":"

A review of past researchon the hydrogeology of the Classical Karst (Kras) region and new information obtained from a two-year study using environmental tracers are presented in this paper. The main problems addressed are 1) the sources of water to the Kras aquifer resurgence zone—including the famous Ti­mavo springs—under changing flow regimes; 2) a quantifica­tion of the storage volumes of the karst massif corresponding to flow regimes defined by hydrographrecessions of the Timavo springs; and 3) changing dynamics between deep phreatic con­duit flow and shallow phreatic and epiphreatic storage within the aquifer resurgence zone as determined throughchanges in chemical and isotopic composition at springs and wells. Partic­ular focus was placed on addressing the long-standing question of the influence of the Soča River on the ground waters of the aquifer resurgence zone. The results indicate that the alluvial aquifer supplied by the sinking of the Soča River on the north­western edge of the massif contributes approximately 75% of the mean annual outflow to the smaller springs of the aquifer resur­gence zone, and as muchas 53% to the mean annual outflow of the Timavo springs. As a whole, the Soča River is estimated to contribute 56% of the average outflow of the Kras aquifer resurgence. The proportions of Soča River water increase under drier conditions, and decrease under wetter conditions. Time series analysis of oxygen stable isotope records indicate that the transit time of Soča River water to the Timavo springs, Sardos spring, and well B-4 is on the order of 1-2 months, depending on hydrological conditions. The total baseflow storage of the Ti­mavo springs is estimated to be 518 million m3, and represents 88.5% of the storage capacity estimated for all flow regimes of the springs. The ratio of baseflow storage volume to the average annual volume discharged at the Timavo springs is 0.54. The Reka River sinking in Slovenia supplies substantial allogenic recharge to the aquifer; however, its influence on the northwest resurgence zone is limited to the Timavo springs, and is only a significant component of the spring discharge under flood con­ditions for relatively brief periods (several days to weeks). Sus­tainability of the trans-boundary aquifer of the Kras will benefit from maintaining highwater quality in the Soča River, as well as focused water tracing experiments within the epiphreatic zone of the aquifer to better delineate the recharge zone and to identify sources of potential contamination to the Brestovica water supply well.

","language":"English","publisher":"Slovenian Academy Of Sciences And Arts","doi":"10.3986/ac.v37i1.163","usgsCitation":"Doctor, D.H., 2008, Hydrologic connections and dynamics of water movement in the classical Karst (Kras) aquifer: Evidence from frequent chemical and stable isotope sampling: Acta Carsologica, v. 37, no. 1, p. 101-123, https://doi.org/10.3986/ac.v37i1.163.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"101","endPage":"123","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476467,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3986/ac.v37i1.163","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":413236,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Italy, Slovenia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 13.636291769403641,\n 45.85349003202734\n ],\n [\n 13.536270947880467,\n 45.85349003202734\n ],\n [\n 13.536270947880467,\n 45.75206818502667\n ],\n [\n 13.636291769403641,\n 45.75206818502667\n ],\n [\n 13.636291769403641,\n 45.85349003202734\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"37","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db60ffcf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doctor, Daniel H. 0000-0002-8338-9722 dhdoctor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8338-9722","contributorId":2037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doctor","given":"Daniel","email":"dhdoctor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70003907,"text":"70003907 - 2008 - Dual-Carbon sources fuel the OCS deep-reef Community, a stable isotope investigation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:52","indexId":"70003907","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3132,"text":"Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dual-Carbon sources fuel the OCS deep-reef Community, a stable isotope investigation","docAbstract":"The hypothesis that phytoplankton is the sole carbon source for the OCS deep-reef community (>60 m) was tested. Trophic structure for NE Gulf of Mexico deep reefs was analyzed via carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes. Carbon signatures for 114 entities (carbon sources, sediment, fishes, and invertebrates) supported surface phytoplankton as the primary fuel for the deep reef. However, a second carbon source, the macroalga Sargassum, with its epiphytic macroalgal associate, Cladophora liniformis, was also identified. Macroalgal carbon signatures were detected among 23 consumer entities. Most notably, macroalgae contributed 45 % of total carbon to the 13C isotopic spectrum of the particulate-feeding reef-crest gorgonian Nicella. The discontinuous spatial distribution of some sessile deep-reef invertebrates utilizing pelagic macroalgal carbon may be trophically tied to the contagious distribution of Sargassum biomass along major ocean surface features.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ReefBase","publisherLocation":"Penang, Malaysia","usgsCitation":"Sulak, K.J., Berg, J., Randall, M.T., Dennis, G.D., and Brooks, R.A., 2008, Dual-Carbon sources fuel the OCS deep-reef Community, a stable isotope investigation: Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, v. 2, p. 945-949.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"945","endPage":"949","temporalStart":"2001-01-01","temporalEnd":"2003-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":24482,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.reefbase.org/resource_center/publication/pub_27840.aspx","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":204152,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Mexico","volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5ee4b07f02db633c21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sulak, Kenneth J. 0000-0002-4795-9310 ksulak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4795-9310","contributorId":2217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sulak","given":"Kenneth","email":"ksulak@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berg, J.","contributorId":21034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berg","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Randall, Michael T. 0000-0001-8805-0886 mrandall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8805-0886","contributorId":3127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Randall","given":"Michael","email":"mrandall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dennis, George D. III","contributorId":33398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dennis","given":"George","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brooks, R. A.","contributorId":53803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70004021,"text":"70004021 - 2008 - Assessing contribution of DOC from sediments to a drinking-water reservoir using optical profiling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T11:32:39","indexId":"70004021","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2592,"text":"Lake and Reservoir Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing contribution of DOC from sediments to a drinking-water reservoir using optical profiling","docAbstract":"Understanding the sources of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in drinking-water reservoirs is an important management issue because DOC may form disinfection by-products, interfere with disinfection, or increase treatment costs. DOC may be derived from a host of sources-algal production of DOC in the reservoir, marginal production of DOC from mucks and vascular plants at the margins, and sediments in the reservoir. The purpose of this study was to assess if release of DOC from reservoir sediments containing ferric chloride coagulant was a significant source of DOC to the reservoir. We examined the source-specific contributions of DOC using a profiling system to measure the in situ distribution of optical properties of absorption and fluorescence at various locations in the reservoir. Vertical optical profiles were coupled with discrete water samples measured in the laboratory for DOC concentration and optical properties: absorption spectra and excitation emission matrix spectra (EEMs). Modeling the in situ optical data permitted estimation of the bulk DOC profile in the reservoir as well as separation into source-specific contributions. Analysis of the source-specific profiles and their associated optical characteristics indicated that the sedimentary source of DOC to the reservoir is significant and that this DOC is labile in the reservoir. We conclude that optical profiling is a useful technique for understanding complex biogeochemical processes in a reservoir.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1080/07438140809354848","usgsCitation":"Downing, B.D., Bergamaschi, B., Evans, D.G., and Boss, E., 2008, Assessing contribution of DOC from sediments to a drinking-water reservoir using optical profiling: Lake and Reservoir Management, v. 24, no. 4, p. 381-391, https://doi.org/10.1080/07438140809354848.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"381","endPage":"391","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203859,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672b0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Downing, Bryan D. 0000-0002-2007-5304 bdowning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2007-5304","contributorId":1449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downing","given":"Bryan","email":"bdowning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bergamaschi, Brian A. 0000-0002-9610-5581","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":73241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"Brian A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evans, David G.","contributorId":80787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boss, Emmanuel","contributorId":10143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boss","given":"Emmanuel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70003441,"text":"70003441 - 2008 - Anatomy of a shoreface sand ridge revisted using foraminifera: False Cape Shoals, Virginia/North Carolina inner shelf","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:58","indexId":"70003441","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Anatomy of a shoreface sand ridge revisted using foraminifera: False Cape Shoals, Virginia/North Carolina inner shelf","docAbstract":"Certain details regarding the origin and evolution of shelf sand ridges remain elusive. Knowledge of their internal stratigraphy and microfossil distribution is necessary to define the origin and to determine the processes that modify sand ridges. Fourteen vibracores from False Cape Shoal A, a well-developed shoreface-attached sand ridge on the Virginia/North Carolina inner continental shelf, were examined to document the internal stratigraphy and benthic foraminiferal assemblages, as well as to reconstruct the depositional environments recorded in down-core sediments. Seven sedimentary and foraminiferal facies correspond to the following stratigraphic units: fossiliferous silt, barren sand, clay to sandy clay, laminated and bioturbated sand, poorly sorted massive sand, fine clean sand, and poorly sorted clay to gravel. The units represent a Pleistocene estuary and shoreface, a Holocene estuary, ebb tidal delta, modern shelf, modern shoreface, and swale fill, respectively. The succession of depositional environments reflects a Pleistocene sea-level highstand and subsequent regression followed by the Holocene transgression in which barrier island/spit systems formed along the Virginia/North Carolina inner shelf not, vert, ~5.2 ka and migrated landward and an ebb tidal delta that was deposited, reworked, and covered by shelf sand.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Continental Shelf Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","usgsCitation":"Robinson, M.M., and McBride, R.A., 2008, Anatomy of a shoreface sand ridge revisted using foraminifera: False Cape Shoals, Virginia/North Carolina inner shelf: Continental Shelf Research, v. 17, no. 15, p. 2428-2441.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2428","endPage":"2441","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203987,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia;North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"False Cape Shoals","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.5,35.5 ], [ -76.5,37 ], [ -75,37 ], [ -75,35.5 ], [ -76.5,35.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"17","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c346","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, Marci M. 0000-0002-9200-4097 mmrobinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9200-4097","contributorId":2082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Marci","email":"mmrobinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McBride, Randolph A.","contributorId":6466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McBride","given":"Randolph","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70003834,"text":"70003834 - 2008 - Conservation: saving Florida's manatees","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-20T21:27:03","indexId":"70003834","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3748,"text":"WetPixel Quarterly","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conservation: saving Florida's manatees","docAbstract":"Robert K. Bonde of the U.S. Geological Survey writes about the protected population of manatees in Crystal River, Florida, including information about the threats they face as they migrate in and out of protected waters. Photographer Carol Grant shares images of \"Angel,\" a newborn manatee she photographed early one winter morning.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"WetPixel Quarterly","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wetpixel","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","usgsCitation":"Bonde, R.K., 2008, Conservation: saving Florida's manatees: WetPixel Quarterly, v. 4, p. 50-54.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"50","endPage":"54","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203871,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":21948,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.wetpixelquarterly.com/back-issues/wetpixel-quarterly-4/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","volume":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cee4b07f02db545652","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bonde, Robert K. 0000-0001-9179-4376 rbonde@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-4376","contributorId":2675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonde","given":"Robert","email":"rbonde@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70003716,"text":"70003716 - 2008 - Columbia Hills, Mars: aeolian features seen from the ground and orbit","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-27T11:14:25","indexId":"70003716","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Columbia Hills, Mars: aeolian features seen from the ground and orbit","docAbstract":"Abundant wind-related features occur along Spirit's traverse into the Columbia Hills over the basaltic plains of Gusev Crater. Most of the windblown sands are probably derived from weathering of rocks within the crater, and possibly from deposits associated with Ma'adim Vallis. Windblown particles act as agents of abrasion, forming ventifacts, and are organized in places into various bed forms. Wind-related features seen from orbit, results from atmospheric models, and considerations of topography suggest that the general wind patterns and transport pathways involve: (1) winter nighttime winds that carry sediments from the mouth of Ma'adim Vallis into the landing site area of Spirit, where they are mixed with locally derived sediments, and (2) winter daytime winds that transport the sediments from the landing site southeast toward Husband Hill; similar patterns occur in the summer but with weaker winds. Reversals of daytime flow out of Gusev Crater and nighttime wind flow into the crater can account for the symmetry of the bed forms and bimodal orientations of some ventifacts.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2007JE002971","usgsCitation":"Greeley, R., Whelley, P.L., Neakrase, L., Arvidson, R.E., Bridges, N.T., Cabrol, N.A., Christensen, P.R., Di, K., Foley, D.J., Golombek, M., Herkenhoff, K.E., Knudson, A., Kuzmin, R.O., Li, R., Michaels, T., Squyres, S.W., Sullivan, R., and Thompson, S.D., 2008, Columbia Hills, Mars: aeolian features seen from the ground and orbit: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 113, no. E6, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JE002971.","productDescription":"17 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476468,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007je002971","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204103,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"113","issue":"E6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-04-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae828","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Greeley, Ronald","contributorId":20833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greeley","given":"Ronald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whelley, Patrick 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O.","contributorId":31059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuzmin","given":"Ruslan","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Li, Ron","contributorId":76870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Ron","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Michaels, Timothy","contributorId":37052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michaels","given":"Timothy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Squyres, Steven W.","contributorId":10537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squyres","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Sullivan, Robert","contributorId":70102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Thompson, Shane D.","contributorId":22079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Shane","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18}]}} ,{"id":70003720,"text":"70003720 - 2008 - Cartography for lunar exploration: 2008 status and mission plans","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-12T15:43:48","indexId":"70003720","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-17T13:50:03","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5650,"text":"The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences","onlineIssn":"2194-9034","printIssn":"1682-1750","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":19}},"title":"Cartography for lunar exploration: 2008 status and mission plans","docAbstract":"The initial spacecraft exploration of the Moon in the 1960s-70s yielded extensive data, primarily in the form of film and television images, which were used to produce a large number of hardcopy maps by conventional techniques. A second era of exploration, beginning in the early 1990s, has produced digital data including global multispectral imagery and altimetry, from which a new generation of digital map products tied to a rapidly evolving global control network has been made. Efforts are also underway to scan the earlier hardcopy maps for online distribution and to digitize the film images so that modern processing techniques can be used to make high-resolution digital terrain models (DTMs) and image mosaics consistent with the current global control. The pace of lunar exploration is accelerating dramatically, with as many as eight new missions already launched or planned for the current decade. These missions, of which the most important for cartography are SMART-1 (Europe), Kaguya/SELENE (Japan), Chang'e-1 (China), Chandrayaan-1 (India), and Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (USA), will return a volume of data exceeding that of all previous lunar and planetary missions combined. Framing and scanner camera images, including multispectral and stereo data, hyperspectral images, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images, and laser altimetry will all be collected, including, in most cases, multiple data sets of each type. Substantial advances in international standardization and cooperation, development of new and more efficient data processing methods, and availability of resources for processing and archiving will all be needed if the next generation of missions are to fulfill their potential for high-precision mapping of the Moon in support of subsequent exploration and scientific investigation.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings: XXIst ISPRS Congress, Technical Commission IV ","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"XXIst ISPRS Congress Technical Commission IV ","conferenceDate":"July 3-11, 2008","conferenceLocation":"Beijing, China","language":"English","publisher":"The International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","publisherLocation":"Beijing, China","usgsCitation":"Kirk, R.L., Archinal, B.A., Gaddis, L.R., and Rosiek, M.R., 2008, Cartography for lunar exploration: 2008 status and mission plans, in Proceedings: XXIst ISPRS Congress, Technical Commission IV , v. 37, no. B4, Beijing, China, July 3-11, 2008, p. 1473-1490.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1473","endPage":"1490","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352495,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.isprs.org/proceedings/XXXVII/congress/tc4.aspx"},{"id":203811,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":21892,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.isprs.org/proceedings/XXXVII/congress/4_pdf/259.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"otherGeospatial":"Moon","volume":"37","issue":"B4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f3e4b07f02db5ef8c7","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Chen, Jun","contributorId":47641,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chen","given":"Jun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":731060,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jiang, Jie","contributorId":66116,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jiang","given":"Jie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":731061,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nayak, Shailesh","contributorId":198415,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nayak","given":"Shailesh","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":731062,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Kirk, Randolph L. 0000-0003-0842-9226 rkirk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-9226","contributorId":2765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"Randolph","email":"rkirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Archinal, Brent A. 0000-0002-6654-0742 barchinal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6654-0742","contributorId":2816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Archinal","given":"Brent","email":"barchinal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gaddis, Lisa R. 0000-0001-9953-5483 lgaddis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9953-5483","contributorId":2817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaddis","given":"Lisa","email":"lgaddis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rosiek, Mark R. mrosiek@usgs.gov","contributorId":824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosiek","given":"Mark","email":"mrosiek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":348512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70198277,"text":"70198277 - 2008 - Initial fluvial response to the removal of Oregon's Marmot Dam","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-18T21:13:52.724556","indexId":"70198277","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-03T08:57:05","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Initial fluvial response to the removal of Oregon's Marmot Dam","docAbstract":"

A temporary, 14‐meter‐high earthen cofferdam standing in place of Marmot Dam was breached on 19 October 2007, allowing the 80‐ kilometer‐long Sandy River to flow freely from Mount Hood, Oreg., to the Columbia River for the first time in nearly 100 years. Marmot Dam is one of the largest dams in the western United States (in terms of height and volume of stored sediment) to have been removed in the past 40 years, and its removal exposed approximately 730,000 cubic meters of stored sand and gravel to erosion and transport by the newly energetic mountain river. At the time, its breach represented the greatest release of sediment from any U.S. dam removal. (The March 2008 breaching of Montana's Milltown Dam exposed about 5–10 times as much sediment to potential erosion.)

","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2008EO270001","usgsCitation":"Major, J.J., Spicer, K.R., Rhode, A., O’Connor, J.E., Bragg, H., Tanner, D.Q., Anderson, C., Wallick, J., and Grant, G., 2008, Initial fluvial response to the removal of Oregon's Marmot Dam: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 89, no. 27, p. 241-242, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008EO270001.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"241","endPage":"242","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356031,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Marmot Dam","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.5,45.166666666666664 ], [ -122.5,45.75 ], [ -121.75,45.75 ], [ -121.75,45.166666666666664 ], [ -122.5,45.166666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"89","issue":"27","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98b404e4b0702d0e844a27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Major, Jon J. 0000-0003-2449-4466 jjmajor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2449-4466","contributorId":439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Major","given":"Jon","email":"jjmajor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":740867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spicer, Kurt R. 0000-0001-5030-3198 krspicer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5030-3198","contributorId":2684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spicer","given":"Kurt","email":"krspicer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":740868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rhode, Abagail","contributorId":73476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rhode","given":"Abagail","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O’Connor, J. E.","contributorId":59489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Connor","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bragg, Heather M. hmbragg@usgs.gov","contributorId":428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bragg","given":"Heather M.","email":"hmbragg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":740871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tanner, Dwight Q.","contributorId":93452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanner","given":"Dwight","email":"","middleInitial":"Q.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Anderson, Chauncey W. 0000-0002-1016-3781 chauncey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1016-3781","contributorId":1151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Chauncey W.","email":"chauncey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":740873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wallick, J. Rose 0000-0002-9392-272X rosewall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9392-272X","contributorId":3583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallick","given":"J. Rose","email":"rosewall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":740874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Grant, Gordon E.","contributorId":30881,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grant","given":"Gordon E.","affiliations":[{"id":12647,"text":"U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":740875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70003481,"text":"70003481 - 2008 - A 26 million year gap in the central Arctic record at the greenhouse-icehouse transition: Looking for clues","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-18T17:59:30.196365","indexId":"70003481","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-31T12:59:01","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3002,"text":"Paleoceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A 26 million year gap in the central Arctic record at the greenhouse-icehouse transition: Looking for clues","docAbstract":"

The Cenozoic record of the Lomonosov Ridge (central Arctic Ocean) recovered during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 302 revealed an unexpected 26 Ma hiatus, separating middle Eocene (∼44.4 Ma) from lower Miocene sediments (∼18.2 Ma). To elucidate the nature of this unconformity, we performed a multiproxy palynological (dinoflagellate cysts, pollen, and spores), micropaleontological (siliceous microfossils), inorganic, and organic (Tetra Ether Index of lipids with 86 carbon atoms (TEX86) and Branched and Isoprenoid Tetraether (BIT)) geochemical analysis of the sediments from ∼5 m below to ∼7 m above the hiatus. Four main paleoenvironmental phases (A–D) are recognized in the sediments encompassing the unconformity, two below (A–B) and two above (C–D): (A) Below the hiatus, proxies show relatively warm temperatures, with Sea Surface Temperatures (TEX86‐derived SSTs) of about 8°C and high fresh to brackish water influence. (B) Approaching the hiatus, proxies indicate a cooling trend (TEX86‐derived SSTs of ∼5°C), increased freshwater influence, and progressive shoaling of the Lomonosov Ridge drilling site, located close to or at sea level. (C) The interval directly above the unconformity contains sparse reworked Cretaceous to Oligocene dinoflagellate cysts. Sediments were deposited in a relatively shallow, restricted marine environment. Proxies show the simultaneous influence of both fresh and marine waters, with alternating oxic and anoxic conditions. Pollen indicates a relatively cold climate. Intriguingly, TEX86‐derived SSTs are unexpectedly high, ∼15–19°C. Such warm surface waters may be partially explained by the ingression of warmer North Atlantic waters after the opening of the Fram Strait during the early Miocene. (D) Sediments of the uppermost interval indicate a phase of extreme oxic conditions, and a well‐ventilated environment, which occurred after the complete opening of the Fram Strait. Importantly, and in contrast with classical postrifting thermal subsidence models for passive margins, our data suggest that sediment erosion and/or nondeposition that generated the hiatus was likely due to a progressive shoaling of the Lomonosov Ridge. A shallow water setting both before and after the hiatus suggests that the Lomonosov Ridge remained at or near sea level for the duration of the gap in the sedimentary record. Interacting sea level changes and/or tectonic activity (possibly uplift) must be invoked as possible causes for such a long hiatus.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2007PA001477","usgsCitation":"Sangiorgi, F., Brumsack, H., Willard, D.A., Schouten, S., Stickley, C.E., O’Regan, M., Reichart, G., Damste, J.S., and Brinkhuis, H., 2008, A 26 million year gap in the central Arctic record at the greenhouse-icehouse transition: Looking for clues: Paleoceanography, v. 23, no. 1, PA1S04, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2007PA001477.","productDescription":"PA1S04, 13 p.","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203836,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Arctic","volume":"23","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-02-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b42d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sangiorgi, Francesca","contributorId":108238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sangiorgi","given":"Francesca","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brumsack, Hans-Juergen","contributorId":61141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumsack","given":"Hans-Juergen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Willard, Debra A. 0000-0003-4878-0942 dwillard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4878-0942","contributorId":2076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willard","given":"Debra","email":"dwillard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":24693,"text":"Climate Research and Development","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schouten, Stefan","contributorId":84888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schouten","given":"Stefan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stickley, Catherine E.","contributorId":40715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stickley","given":"Catherine","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"O’Regan, Matthew","contributorId":24483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Regan","given":"Matthew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Reichart, Gert-Jan","contributorId":43902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reichart","given":"Gert-Jan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Damste, Jaap S. Sinninghe","contributorId":104201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Damste","given":"Jaap","email":"","middleInitial":"S. Sinninghe","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Brinkhuis, Henk","contributorId":97614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brinkhuis","given":"Henk","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":98821,"text":"ofr20071429 - 2008 - Suspended-sediment and nutrient loads for Waiakea and Alenaio Streams, Hilo, Hawaii, 2003-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:13","indexId":"ofr20071429","displayToPublicDate":"2010-10-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1429","title":"Suspended-sediment and nutrient loads for Waiakea and Alenaio Streams, Hilo, Hawaii, 2003-2006","docAbstract":"Suspended sediment and nutrient samples were collected during wet-weather conditions at three sites on two ephemeral streams in the vicinity of Hilo, Hawaii during March 2004 to March 2006. Two sites were sampled on Waiakea Stream at 80- and 860-foot altitudes during March 2004 to August 2005. One site was sampled on Alenaio Stream at 10-foot altitude during November 2005 to March 2006. The sites were selected to represent different land uses and land covers in the area. Most of the drainage area above the upper Waiakea Stream site is conservation land. The drainage areas above the lower site on Waiakea Stream, and the site on Alenaio Stream, are a combination of conservation land, agriculture, rural, and urban land uses.\r\n\r\nIn addition to the sampling, continuous-record streamflow sites were established at the three sampling sites, as well as an additional site on Alenaio Stream at altitude of 75 feet and 0.47 miles upstream from the sampling site. Stage was measured continuously at 15-minute intervals at these sites. Discharge, for any particular instant, or for selected periods of time, were computed based on a stage-discharge relation determined from individual discharge measurements. Continuous records of discharge were computed at the two sites on Waiakea Stream and the upper site on Aleniao Stream. Due to non-ideal hydraulic conditions within the channel of Alenaio Stream, a continuous record of discharge was not computed at the lower site on Alenaio Stream where samples were taken.\r\n\r\nSamples were analyzed for suspended sediment, and the nutrients total nitrogen, dissolved nitrite plus nitrate, and total phosphorus. Concentration data were converted to instantaneous load values: loads are the product of discharge and concentration, and are presented as tons per day for suspended sediment or pounds per day for nutrients. Daily-mean loads were computed by estimating concentrations relative to discharge using graphical constituent loading analysis techniques. Daily-mean loads were computed at the two Waiakea Stream sampling sites for the analyzed constituents, during the period October 1, 2003 to September 30, 2005. No record of daily-mean load was computed for the Alenaio Stream sampling site due to the problems with computing a discharge record.\r\n\r\nThe maximum daily-mean loads for the upper site on Waiakea Stream for suspended sediment was 79 tons per day, and the maximum daily-mean loads for total nitrogen, dissolved nitrite plus nitrate, and total phosphorus were 1,350, 13, and 300 pounds per day, respectively. The maximum daily-mean loads for the lower site on Waiakea Stream for suspended sediment was 468 tons per day, and the maximum daily-mean loads for total nitrogen, nitrite plus nitrate, and total phosphorus were 913, 8.5, and 176 pounds per day, respectively. From the estimated continuous daily-mean load record, all of the maximum daily-mean loads occurred during October 2003 and September 2004, except for suspended sediment load for the lower site, which occurred on September 15, 2005. Maximum values were not all caused by a single storm event. Overall, the record of daily-mean loads showed lower loads during storm events for suspended sediments and nutrients at the downstream site of Waiakea Stream during 2004 than at the upstream site. During 2005, however, the suspended sediment loads were higher at the downstream site than the upstream site. Construction of a flood control channel between the two sites in 2005 may have contributed to the change in relative suspended-sediment loads. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071429","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Hawaii Department of Health","usgsCitation":"Presley, T.K., Jamison, M.T., and Nishimoto, D.C., 2008, Suspended-sediment and nutrient loads for Waiakea and Alenaio Streams, Hilo, Hawaii, 2003-2006: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1429, vii, 72 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071429.","productDescription":"vii, 72 p.; Appendix","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2003-10-01","temporalEnd":"2006-03-31","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126085,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2007_1429.jpg"},{"id":14235,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1429/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155.4011111111111,19.533611111111114 ], [ -155.4011111111111,19.783611111111114 ], [ -155.0336111111111,19.783611111111114 ], [ -155.0336111111111,19.533611111111114 ], [ -155.4011111111111,19.533611111111114 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cee4b07f02db5455cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Presley, Todd K. 0000-0001-5851-0634 tkpresle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5851-0634","contributorId":2671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Presley","given":"Todd","email":"tkpresle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":306608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jamison, Marcael T. J.","contributorId":6817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jamison","given":"Marcael","email":"","middleInitial":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nishimoto, Dale C.","contributorId":13195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nishimoto","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70000027,"text":"70000027 - 2008 - Bioassay for estimating the biogenic methane-generating potential of coal samples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-01T12:48:09","indexId":"70000027","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:11:19","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bioassay for estimating the biogenic methane-generating potential of coal samples","docAbstract":"

Generation of secondary biogenic methane in coal beds is likely controlled by a combination of factors such as the bioavailability of coal carbon, the presence of a microbial community to convert coal carbon to methane, and an environment supporting microbial growth and methanogenesis. A set of treatments and controls was developed to bioassay the bioavailability of coal for conversion to methane under defined laboratory conditions. Treatments included adding a well-characterized consortium of bacteria and methanogens (enriched from modern wetland sediments) and providing conditions to support endemic microbial activity. The contribution of desorbed methane in the bioassays was determined in treatments with bromoethane sulfonic acid, an inhibitor of microbial methanogenesis. The bioassay compared 16 subbituminous coal samples collected from beds in Texas (TX), Wyoming (WY), and Alaska (AK), and two bituminous coal samples from Pennsylvania (PA). New biogenic methane was observed in several samples of subbituminous coal with the microbial consortium added, but endemic activity was less commonly observed. The highest methane generation [80 µmol methane/g coal (56 scf/ton or 1.75 cm3/g)] was from a south TX coal sample that was collected from a non-gas-producing well. Subbituminous coals from the Powder River Basin, WY and North Slope Borough, AK contained more sorbed (original) methane than the TX coal sample and generated 0–23 µmol/g (up to 16 scf/ton or 0.5 cm3/g) new biogenic methane in the bioassay. Standard indicators of thermal maturity such as burial depth, nitrogen content, and calorific value did not explain differences in biogenic methane among subbituminous coal samples. No original methane was observed in two bituminous samples from PA, nor was any new methane generated in bioassays of these samples. The bioassay offers a new tool for assessing the potential of coal for biogenic methane generation, and provides a platform for studying the mechanisms involved in this economically important activity.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2008.05.011","usgsCitation":"Jones, E., Voytek, M.A., Warwick, P.D., Corum, M., Cohn, A.G., Bunnell, J.E., Clark, A.C., and Orem, W.H., 2008, Bioassay for estimating the biogenic methane-generating potential of coal samples: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 76, no. 1-2, p. 138-150, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2008.05.011.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"138","endPage":"150","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203540,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fa7e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Elizabeth","contributorId":102998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Voytek, Mary A.","contributorId":91943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voytek","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783 pwarwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter","email":"pwarwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":344710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Corum, M.D. 0000-0002-9038-3935 mcorum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9038-3935","contributorId":2249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corum","given":"M.D.","email":"mcorum@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cohn, Alexander G. agcohn@usgs.gov","contributorId":112779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cohn","given":"Alexander","email":"agcohn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":146,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Eastern Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":344711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bunnell, Joseph E. jbunnell@usgs.gov","contributorId":556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunnell","given":"Joseph","email":"jbunnell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":344712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Clark, Arthur C. aclark@usgs.gov","contributorId":2320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Arthur","email":"aclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":344707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Orem, William H. 0000-0003-4990-0539 borem@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orem","given":"William","email":"borem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70000053,"text":"70000053 - 2008 - Variability of community interaction networks in marine reserves and adjacent exploited areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:33","indexId":"70000053","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:11:19","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1661,"text":"Fisheries Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variability of community interaction networks in marine reserves and adjacent exploited areas","docAbstract":"Regional and small-scale local oceanographic conditions can lead to high variability in community structure even among similar habitats. Communities with identical species composition can depict distinct networks due to different levels of disturbance as well as physical and biological processes. In this study we reconstruct community networks in four different areas off the Oregon Coast by matching simulated communities with observed dynamics. We compared reserves with harvested areas. Simulations suggested that different community networks, but with the same species composition, can represent each study site. Differences were found in predator-prey interactions as well as non-predatory interactions between community members. In addition, each site can be represented as a set of models, creating alternative stages among sites. The set of alternative models that characterize each study area depicts a sequence of functional responses where each specific model or interaction structure creates different species composition patterns. Different management practices, either in the past or of the present, may lead to alternative communities. Our findings suggest that management strategies should be analyzed at a community level that considers the possible consequences of shifting from one community scenario to another. This analysis provides a novel conceptual framework to assess the consequences of different management options for ecological communities. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fisheries Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","doi":"10.1016/j.fishres.2008.07.003","issn":"01657836","usgsCitation":"Montano-Moctezuma, G., Li, H., and Rossignol, P., 2008, Variability of community interaction networks in marine reserves and adjacent exploited areas: Fisheries Research, v. 94, no. 1, p. 99-108, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2008.07.003.","startPage":"99","endPage":"108","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203386,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18656,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2008.07.003"}],"volume":"94","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db688a04","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Montano-Moctezuma, G.","contributorId":45041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montano-Moctezuma","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Li, H.W.","contributorId":23261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"H.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rossignol, P.A.","contributorId":90019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rossignol","given":"P.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70000018,"text":"70000018 - 2008 - Nodal failure index approach to groundwater remediation design","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:34","indexId":"70000018","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:11:19","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2327,"text":"Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nodal failure index approach to groundwater remediation design","docAbstract":"Computer simulations often are used to design and to optimize groundwater remediation systems. We present a new computationally efficient approach that calculates the reliability of remedial design at every location in a model domain with a single simulation. The estimated reliability and other model information are used to select a best remedial option for given site conditions, conceptual model, and available data. To evaluate design performance, we introduce the nodal failure index (NFI) to determine the number of nodal locations at which the probability of success is below the design requirement. The strength of the NFI approach is that selected areas of interest can be specified for analysis and the best remedial design determined for this target region. An example application of the NFI approach using a hypothetical model shows how the spatial distribution of reliability can be used for a decision support system in groundwater remediation design. ?? 2008 ASCE.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2008)134:10(1554)","issn":"10900241","usgsCitation":"Lee, J., Reeves, H.W., and Dowding, C., 2008, Nodal failure index approach to groundwater remediation design: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, v. 134, no. 10, p. 1554-1557, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2008)134:10(1554).","startPage":"1554","endPage":"1557","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":18629,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2008)134:10(1554)"},{"id":203541,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"134","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a89cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, J.","contributorId":58596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reeves, H. W.","contributorId":53739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeves","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dowding, C.H.","contributorId":89647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowding","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70000051,"text":"70000051 - 2008 - Fluvial erosion and post-erosional processes on Titan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:34","indexId":"70000051","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:11:19","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluvial erosion and post-erosional processes on Titan","docAbstract":"The surface of Titan has been revealed by Cassini observations in the infrared and radar wavelength ranges as well as locally by the Huygens lander instruments. Sand seas, recently discovered lakes, distinct landscapes and dendritic erosion patterns indicate dynamic surface processes. This study focus on erosional and depositional features that can be used to constrain the amount of liquids involved in the erosional process as well as on the compositional characteristics of depositional areas. Fluvial erosion channels on Titan as identified at the Huygens landing site and in RADAR and Visible and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) observations have been compared to analogous channel widths on Earth yielding average discharges of up to 1600 m3/s for short recurrence intervals that are sufficient to move centimeter-sized sediment and significantly higher discharges for long intervals. With respect to the associated drainage areas, this roughly translates to 1-150 cm/day runoff production rates with 10 years recurrence intervals and by assuming precipitation this implies 0.6-60 mm/h rainfall rates. Thus the observed surface erosion fits with the methane convective storm models as well as with the rates needed to transport sediment. During Cassini's T20 fly-by, the VIMS observed an extremely eroded area at 30?? W, 7?? S with resolutions of up to 500 m/pixel that extends over thousands of square kilometers. The spectral characteristics of this area change systematically, reflecting continuous compositional and/or particle size variations indicative of transported sediment settling out while flow capacities cease. To account for the estimated runoff production and widespread alluvial deposits of fine-grained material, release of area-dependent large fluid volumes are required. Only frequent storms with heavy rainfall or cryovolcanic induced melting can explain these erosional features. ?? 2008 Elsevier Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2008.06.002","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Jaumann, R., Brown, R.H., Stephan, K., Barnes, J.W., Soderblom, L., Sotin, C., Le Mouelic, S., Clark, R.N., Soderblom, J., Buratti, B.J., Wagner, R., McCord, T.B., Rodriguez, S., Baines, K.H., Cruikshank, D.P., Nicholson, P.D., Griffith, C., Langhans, M., and Lorenz, R.D., 2008, Fluvial erosion and post-erosional processes on Titan: Icarus, v. 197, no. 2, p. 526-538, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2008.06.002.","startPage":"526","endPage":"538","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476471,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hal.science/hal-00499090","text":"External Repository"},{"id":203752,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18654,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2008.06.002"}],"volume":"197","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de5c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jaumann, R.","contributorId":81232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaumann","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, R. H.","contributorId":19931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stephan, K.","contributorId":8976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephan","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barnes, J. W.","contributorId":14554,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barnes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Soderblom, L.A. 0000-0002-0917-853X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-853X","contributorId":6139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sotin, Christophe","contributorId":53924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sotin","given":"Christophe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Le Mouélic, Stéphane","contributorId":92786,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Le Mouélic","given":"Stéphane","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Clark, R. N.","contributorId":6568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Soderblom, J.","contributorId":52699,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Soderblom","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Buratti, B. J.","contributorId":69280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buratti","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Wagner, R.","contributorId":88859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"McCord, T. B.","contributorId":69695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCord","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Rodriguez, S.","contributorId":54329,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Baines, K. H.","contributorId":37868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baines","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Cruikshank, D. P.","contributorId":51434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cruikshank","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Nicholson, P. D.","contributorId":54330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nicholson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Griffith, C.A.","contributorId":10141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffith","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Langhans, M.","contributorId":20456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langhans","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Lorenz, R. D.","contributorId":90441,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lorenz","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19}]}} ,{"id":70000002,"text":"70000002 - 2008 - Molecular and morphological analysis of the critically endangered Fijian iguanas reveals cryptic diversity and a complex biogeographic history","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:34","indexId":"70000002","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:11:19","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3048,"text":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Molecular and morphological analysis of the critically endangered Fijian iguanas reveals cryptic diversity and a complex biogeographic history","docAbstract":"The Pacific iguanas of the Fijian and Tongan archipelagos are a biogeographic enigma in that their closest relatives are found only in the New World. They currently comprise two genera and four species of extinct and extant taxa. The two extant species, Brachylophus fasciatus from Fiji, Tonga, and Vanuatu and Brachylophus vitiensis from western Fiji, are of considerable conservation concern with B. vitiensis listed as critically endangered. A recent molecular study has shown that Brachylophus comprised three evolutionarily significant units. To test these conclusions and to reevaluate the phylogenetic and biogeographic relationships within Brachylophus, we generated an mtDNA dataset consisting of 1462 base pairs for 61 individuals from 13 islands, representing both Brachylophus species. Unweighted parsimony analyses and Bayesian analyses produced a well-resolved phylogenetic hypothesis supported by high bootstrap values and posterior probabilities within Brachylophus. Our data reject the monophyly of specimens previously believed to comprise B. fasciatus. Instead, our data demonstrate that living Brachylophus comprise three robust and well-supported clades that do not correspond to current taxonomy. One of these clades comprises B. fasciatus from the Lau group of Fiji and Tonga (type locality for B. fasciatus), while a second comprises putative B. fasciatus from the central regions of Fiji, which we refer to here as B. n. sp. Animals in this clade form the sister group to B. vitiensis rather than other B. fasciatus. We herein describe this clade as a new species of Brachylophus based on molecular and morphological data. With only one exception, every island is home to one or more unique haplotypes. We discuss alternative biogeographic hypotheses to explain their distribution in the Pacific and the difficulties of distinguishing these. Together, our molecular and taxonomic results have important implications for future conservation initiatives for the Pacific iguanas. ?? 2008 The Royal Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1098/rstb.2008.0120","issn":"09628436","usgsCitation":"Keogh, J., Edwards, D., Fisher, R., and Harlow, P., 2008, Molecular and morphological analysis of the critically endangered Fijian iguanas reveals cryptic diversity and a complex biogeographic history: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, v. 363, no. 1508, p. 3413-3426, https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0120.","startPage":"3413","endPage":"3426","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476470,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2607380","text":"External Repository"},{"id":203597,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18621,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0120"}],"volume":"363","issue":"1508","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-09-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adef4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keogh, J.S.","contributorId":76055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keogh","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edwards, D.L.","contributorId":82442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":51675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harlow, P.S.","contributorId":35861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harlow","given":"P.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70000106,"text":"70000106 - 2008 - Tracing the first steps of American sturgeon pioneers in Europe","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:33","indexId":"70000106","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:11:19","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":955,"text":"BMC Evolutionary Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tracing the first steps of American sturgeon pioneers in Europe","docAbstract":"Background. A Baltic population of Atlantic sturgeon was founded ???1,200 years ago by migrants from North America, but after centuries of persistence, the population was extirpated in the 1960s, mainly as a result of over-harvest and habitat alterations. As there are four genetically distinct groups of Atlantic sturgeon inhabiting North American rivers today, we investigated the genetic provenance of the historic Baltic population by ancient DNA analyses using mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Results. The phylogeographic signal obtained from multilocus microsatellite DNA genotypes and mitochondrial DNA control region haplotypes, when compared to existing baseline datasets from extant populations, allowed for the identification of the region-of-origin of the North American Atlantic sturgeon founders. Moreover, statistical and simulation analyses of the multilocus genotypes allowed for the calculation of the effective number of individuals that originally founded the European population of Atlantic sturgeon. Our findings suggest that the Baltic population of A. oxyrinchus descended from a relatively small number of founders originating from the northern extent of the species' range in North America. Conclusion. These results demonstrate that the most northerly distributed North American A. oxyrinchus colonized the Baltic Sea ???1,200 years ago, suggesting that Canadian specimens should be the primary source of broodstock used for restoration in Baltic rivers. This study illustrates the great potential of patterns obtained from ancient DNA to identify population-of-origin to investigate historic genotype structure of extinct populations. ?? 2008 Ludwig et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"BMC Evolutionary Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1186/1471-2148-8-221","issn":"14712148","usgsCitation":"Ludwig, A., Arndt, U., Lippold, S., Benecke, N., Debus, L., King, T., and Matsumura, S., 2008, Tracing the first steps of American sturgeon pioneers in Europe: BMC Evolutionary Biology, v. 8, no. 1, https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-8-221.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476472,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-8-221","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":199975,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18672,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-8-221"}],"volume":"8","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db627179","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ludwig, A.","contributorId":98427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludwig","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arndt, U.","contributorId":102605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arndt","given":"U.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lippold, S.","contributorId":104188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lippold","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Benecke, N.","contributorId":41558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benecke","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Debus, L.","contributorId":33812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Debus","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"King, T.L.","contributorId":93416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Matsumura, S.","contributorId":53062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matsumura","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70000052,"text":"70000052 - 2008 - Vertical tectonic deformation associated with the San Andreas fault zone offshore of San Francisco, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:34","indexId":"70000052","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:11:19","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vertical tectonic deformation associated with the San Andreas fault zone offshore of San Francisco, California","docAbstract":"A new fault map of the shelf offshore of San Francisco, California shows that faulting occurs as a distributed shear zone that involves many fault strands with the principal displacement taken up by the San Andreas fault and the eastern strand of the San Gregorio fault zone. Structures associated with the offshore faulting show compressive deformation near where the San Andreas fault goes offshore, but deformation becomes extensional several km to the north off of the Golden Gate. Our new fault map serves as the basis for a 3-D finite element model that shows that the block between the San Andreas and San Gregorio fault zone is subsiding at a long-term rate of about 0.2-0.3??mm/yr, with the maximum subsidence occurring northwest of the Golden Gate in the area of a mapped transtensional basin. Although the long-term rates of vertical displacement primarily show subsidence, the model of coseismic deformation associated with the 1906 San Francisco earthquake indicates that uplift on the order of 10-15??cm occurred in the block northeast of the San Andreas fault. Since 1906, 5-6??cm of regional subsidence has occurred in that block. One implication of our model is that the transfer of slip from the San Andreas fault to a fault 5??km to the east, the Golden Gate fault, is not required for the area offshore of San Francisco to be in extension. This has implications for both the deposition of thick Pliocene-Pleistocene sediments (the Merced Formation) observed east of the San Andreas fault, and the age of the Peninsula segment of the San Andreas fault.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tectonophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2008.06.011","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Ryan, H.F., Parsons, T., and Sliter, R.W., 2008, Vertical tectonic deformation associated with the San Andreas fault zone offshore of San Francisco, California: Tectonophysics, v. 457, no. 3-4, p. 209-223, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2008.06.011.","startPage":"209","endPage":"223","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203753,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18655,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2008.06.011"}],"volume":"457","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4903e4b07f02db565e6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryan, H. F.","contributorId":18002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parsons, T.","contributorId":48288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sliter, R. W.","contributorId":37758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sliter","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70000126,"text":"70000126 - 2008 - Ocean acidification and calcifying reef organisms: A mesocosm investigation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:33","indexId":"70000126","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:11:19","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1338,"text":"Coral Reefs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ocean acidification and calcifying reef organisms: A mesocosm investigation","docAbstract":"A long-term (10 months) controlled experiment was conducted to test the impact of increased partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) on common calcifying coral reef organisms. The experiment was conducted in replicate continuous flow coral reef mesocosms flushed with unfiltered sea water from Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, Hawaii. Mesocosms were located in full sunlight and experienced diurnal and seasonal fluctuations in temperature and sea water chemistry characteristic of the adjacent reef flat. Treatment mesocosms were manipulated to simulate an increase in pCO2 to levels expected in this century [midday pCO2 levels exceeding control mesocosms by 365 ?? 130 ??atm (mean ?? sd)]. Acidification had a profound impact on the development and growth of crustose coralline algae (CCA) populations. During the experiment, CCA developed 25% cover in the control mesocosms and only 4% in the acidified mesocosms, representing an 86% relative reduction. Free-living associations of CCA known as rhodoliths living in the control mesocosms grew at a rate of 0.6 g buoyant weight year-1 while those in the acidified experimental treatment decreased in weight at a rate of 0.9 g buoyant weight year-1, representing a 250% difference. CCA play an important role in the growth and stabilization of carbonate reefs, so future changes of this magnitude could greatly impact coral reefs throughout the world. Coral calcification decreased between 15% and 20% under acidified conditions. Linear extension decreased by 14% under acidified conditions in one experiment. Larvae of the coral Pocillopora damicornis were able to recruit under the acidified conditions. In addition, there was no significant difference in production of gametes by the coral Montipora capitata after 6 months of exposure to the treatments. ?? 2008 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coral Reefs","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00338-008-0380-9","issn":"07224028","usgsCitation":"Jokiel, P., Rodgers, K.S., Kuffner, I., Andersson, A., Cox, E., and MacKenzie, F., 2008, Ocean acidification and calcifying reef organisms: A mesocosm investigation: Coral Reefs, v. 27, no. 3, p. 473-483, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-008-0380-9.","startPage":"473","endPage":"483","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203560,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18678,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-008-0380-9"}],"volume":"27","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af4e4b07f02db691f23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jokiel, P. L.","contributorId":80367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jokiel","given":"P. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodgers, K. S.","contributorId":40288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodgers","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuffner, I. B.","contributorId":40328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuffner","given":"I. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Andersson, A.J.","contributorId":38265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersson","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cox, E.F.","contributorId":50271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"E.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"MacKenzie, F.T.","contributorId":25681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacKenzie","given":"F.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70000105,"text":"70000105 - 2008 - Estimated home ranges can misrepresent habitat relationships on patchy landscapes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:33","indexId":"70000105","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:11:19","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimated home ranges can misrepresent habitat relationships on patchy landscapes","docAbstract":"Home ranges of animals are generally structured by the selective use of resource-bearing patches that comprise habitat. Based on this concept, home ranges of animals estimated from location data are commonly used to infer habitat relationships. Because home ranges estimated from animal locations are largely continuous in space, the resource-bearing patches selected by an animal from a fragmented distribution of patches would be difficult to discern; unselected patches included in the home range estimate would bias an understanding of important habitat relationships. To evaluate potential for this bias, we generated simulated home ranges based on optimal selection of resource-bearing patches across a series of simulated resource distributions that varied in the spatial continuity of resources. For simulated home ranges where selected patches were spatially disjunct, we included interstitial, unselected cells most likely to be traveled by an animal moving among selected patches. We compared characteristics of the simulated home ranges with and without interstitial patches to evaluate how insights derived from field estimates can differ from actual characteristics of home ranges, depending on patchiness of landscapes. Our results showed that contiguous home range estimates could lead to misleading insights on the quality, size, resource content, and efficiency of home ranges, proportional to the spatial discontinuity of resource-bearing patches. We conclude the potential bias of including unselected, largely irrelevant patches in the field estimates of home ranges of animals can be high, particularly for home range estimators that assume uniform use of space within home range boundaries. Thus, inferences about the habitat relationships that ultimately define an animal's home range can be misleading where animals occupy landscapes with patchily distributed resources.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.05.001","issn":"03043800","usgsCitation":"Mitchell, M., and Powell, R.A., 2008, Estimated home ranges can misrepresent habitat relationships on patchy landscapes: Ecological Modelling, v. 216, no. 3-4, p. 409-414, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.05.001.","startPage":"409","endPage":"414","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":199480,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18671,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.05.001"}],"volume":"216","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e478fe4b07f02db48a4b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mitchell, M.S.","contributorId":26724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powell, R. A.","contributorId":41789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70000127,"text":"70000127 - 2008 - Loess record of the Pleistocene-Holocene transition on the northern and central Great Plains, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:35","indexId":"70000127","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:11:19","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Loess record of the Pleistocene-Holocene transition on the northern and central Great Plains, USA","docAbstract":"Various lines of evidence support conflicting interpretations of the timing, abruptness, and nature of climate change in the Great Plains during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition. Loess deposits and paleosols on both the central and northern Great Plains provide a valuable record that can help address these issues. A synthesis of new and previously reported optical and radiocarbon ages indicates that the Brady Soil, which marks the boundary between late Pleistocene Peoria Loess and Holocene Bignell Loess, began forming after a reduction in the rate of Peoria Loess accumulation that most likely occurred between 13.5 and 15 cal ka. Brady Soil formation spanned all or part of the B??lling-Aller??d episode (approximately 14.7-12.9 cal ka) and all of the Younger Dryas episode (12.9-11.5 cal ka) and extended at least 1000 years beyond the end of the Younger Dryas. The Brady Soil was buried by Bignell Loess sedimentation beginning around 10.5-9 cal ka, and continuing episodically through the Holocene. Evidence for a brief increase in loess influx during the Younger Dryas is noteworthy but very limited. Most late Quaternary loess accumulation in the central Great Plains was nonglacigenic and was under relatively direct climatic control. Thus, Brady Soil formation records climatic conditions that minimized eolian activity and allowed effective pedogenesis, probably through relatively high effective moisture. Optical dating of loess in North Dakota supports correlation of the Leonard Paleosol on the northern Great Plains with the Brady Soil. Thick loess in North Dakota was primarily derived from the Missouri River floodplain; thus, its stratigraphy may in part reflect glacial influence on the Missouri River. Nonetheless, the persistence of minimal loess accumulation and soil formation until 10 cal ka at our North Dakota study site is best explained by a prolonged interval of high effective moisture correlative with the conditions that favored Brady Soil formation. Burial of both the Brady Soil and the Leonard Paleosol by renewed loess influx probably represents eolian system response that occurred when gradual change toward a drier climate eventually crossed the threshold for eolian activity. Overall, the loess-paleosol sequences of the central and northern Great Plains record a broad peak of high effective moisture across the late Pleistocene to Holocene boundary, rather than well-defined climatic episodes corresponding to the B??lling-Aller??d and Younger Dryas episodes in the North Atlantic region. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.07.004","issn":"02773791","usgsCitation":"Mason, J., Miao, X., Hanson, P., Johnson, W., Jacobs, P., and Goble, R., 2008, Loess record of the Pleistocene-Holocene transition on the northern and central Great Plains, USA: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 27, no. 17-18, p. 1772-1783, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.07.004.","startPage":"1772","endPage":"1783","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203354,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18679,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.07.004"}],"volume":"27","issue":"17-18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a69e4b07f02db63c020","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mason, J.A.","contributorId":31507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miao, X.","contributorId":60753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miao","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hanson, P.R.","contributorId":45434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, W.C.","contributorId":68003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jacobs, P.M.","contributorId":105026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobs","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Goble, R.J.","contributorId":21265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goble","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70000040,"text":"70000040 - 2008 - Coupled semivariogram uncertainty of hydrogeological and geophysical data on capture zone uncertainty analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:35","indexId":"70000040","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:11:19","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2341,"text":"Journal of Hydrologic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coupled semivariogram uncertainty of hydrogeological and geophysical data on capture zone uncertainty analysis","docAbstract":"This study investigates capture zone uncertainty that relates to the coupled semivariogram uncertainty of hydrogeological and geophysical data. Semivariogram uncertainty is represented by the uncertainty in structural parameters (range, sill, and nugget). We used the beta distribution function to derive the prior distributions of structural parameters. The probability distributions of structural parameters were further updated through the Bayesian approach with the Gaussian likelihood functions. Cokriging of noncollocated pumping test data and electrical resistivity data was conducted to better estimate hydraulic conductivity through autosemivariograms and pseudo-cross-semivariogram. Sensitivities of capture zone variability with respect to the spatial variability of hydraulic conductivity, porosity and aquifer thickness were analyzed using ANOVA. The proposed methodology was applied to the analysis of capture zone uncertainty at the Chicot aquifer in Southwestern Louisiana, where a regional groundwater flow model was developed. MODFLOW-MODPATH was adopted to delineate the capture zone. The ANOVA results showed that both capture zone area and compactness were sensitive to hydraulic conductivity variation. We concluded that the capture zone uncertainty due to the semivariogram uncertainty is much higher than that due to the kriging uncertainty for given semivariograms. In other words, the sole use of conditional variances of kriging may greatly underestimate the flow response uncertainty. Semivariogram uncertainty should also be taken into account in the uncertainty analysis. ?? 2008 ASCE.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrologic Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2008)13:10(915)","issn":"10840699","usgsCitation":"Rahman, A., Tsai, F., White, C., and Willson, C.S., 2008, Coupled semivariogram uncertainty of hydrogeological and geophysical data on capture zone uncertainty analysis: Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, v. 13, no. 10, p. 915-925, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2008)13:10(915).","startPage":"915","endPage":"925","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203393,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18643,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2008)13:10(915)"}],"volume":"13","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db698385","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rahman, A.","contributorId":93171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rahman","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tsai, F.T.-C.","contributorId":28343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tsai","given":"F.T.-C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, C.D.","contributorId":46664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Willson, C. S.","contributorId":90440,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Willson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70000098,"text":"70000098 - 2008 - A seepage meter designed for use in flowing water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:33","indexId":"70000098","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:11:19","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A seepage meter designed for use in flowing water","docAbstract":"Seepage meters provide one of the most direct means to measure exchange of water across the sediment-water interface, but they generally have been unsuitable for use in fluvial settings. Although the seepage bag can be placed inside a rigid container to minimize velocity head concerns, the seepage cylinder installed in the sediment bed projects into and disrupts the flow field, altering both the local-scale fluid exchange as well as measurement of that exchange. A low-profile seepage meter designed for use in moving water was tested in a seepage meter flux tank where both current velocity and seepage velocity could be controlled. The conical seepage cylinder protrudes only slightly above the sediment bed and is connected via tubing to a seepage bag or flowmeter positioned inside a rigid shelter that is located nearby where current velocity is much slower. Laboratory and field tests indicate that the net effect of the small protrusion of the seepage cylinder into the surface water flow field is inconsequentially small for surface water currents up to 65 cm s-1. Current velocity affects the variability of seepage measurements; seepage standard deviation increased from ???2 to ???6 cm d-1 as current velocity increased from 9 to 65 cm s-1. Substantial bias can result if the shelter is not placed to minimize hydraulic gradient between the bag and the seepage cylinder.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.06.029","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Rosenberry, D., 2008, A seepage meter designed for use in flowing water: Journal of Hydrology, v. 359, no. 1-2, p. 118-130, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.06.029.","startPage":"118","endPage":"130","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":199660,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18670,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.06.029"}],"volume":"359","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a639b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenberry, D.O. 0000-0003-0681-5641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":38500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"D.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":344881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70000017,"text":"70000017 - 2008 - Protective efficacy of a recombinant subunit West Nile virus vaccine in domestic geese (Anser anser)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-11T13:57:22","indexId":"70000017","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:11:19","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3673,"text":"Vaccine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Protective efficacy of a recombinant subunit West Nile virus vaccine in domestic geese (Anser anser)","docAbstract":"

Introduction of the West Nile virus (WNV) to Hawai'i will undoubtedly devastate many populations of critically endangered avian species indigenous to Hawai'i. The protective efficacy of a protein-based WNV subunit vaccine formulated with adjuvant was evaluated in domestic geese as a surrogate species for the endangered Ne??ne??, the state bird of Hawai'i. Prevention of viremia following viral infection of vaccinated birds was used as the clinical endpoint of protection. ELISA and plaque reduction neutralization tests demonstrate that significant levels of vaccine antigen-specific antibody were produced in groups of birds vaccinated with 5 or 10 ??g of the WN-80E antigen formulated with ISA720 adjuvant. Moreover, after challenge with WNV, no viremia was detected in vaccinated birds, whereas viremia was detected up to 4 days after and virus was detected by oral swab for 6 days after infection among control groups. Safe and effective vaccination of managed or captive endangered bird populations will protect species with critically low numbers that could not survive the added mortality of introduced disease. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Vaccine","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.08.011","issn":"0264410X","usgsCitation":"Jarvi, S., Lieberman, M., Hofmeister, E., Nerurkar, V., Wong, T., and Weeks-Levy, C., 2008, Protective efficacy of a recombinant subunit West Nile virus vaccine in domestic geese (Anser anser): Vaccine, v. 26, no. 42, p. 5338-5344, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.08.011.","startPage":"5338","endPage":"5344","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203626,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18628,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.08.011"}],"country":"United 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