{"pageNumber":"2119","pageRowStart":"52950","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184660,"records":[{"id":70000150,"text":"70000150 - 2008 - Effects of weather on survival in populations of boreal toads in Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:36","indexId":"70000150","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2334,"text":"Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of weather on survival in populations of boreal toads in Colorado","docAbstract":"Understanding the relationships between animal population demography and the abiotic and biotic elements of the environments in which they live is a central objective in population ecology. For example, correlations between weather variables and the probability of survival in populations of temperate zone amphibians may be broadly applicable to several species if such correlations can be validated for multiple situations. This study focuses on the probability of survival and evaluates hypotheses based on six weather variables in three populations of Boreal Toads (Bufo boreas) from central Colorado over eight years. In addition to suggesting a relationship between some weather variables and survival probability in Boreal Toad populations, this study uses robust methods and highlights the need for demographic estimates that are precise and have minimal bias. Capture-recapture methods were used to collect the data, and the Cormack-Jolly-Seber model in program MARK was used for analysis. The top models included minimum daily winter air temperature, and the sum of the model weights for these models was 0.956. Weaker support was found for the importance of snow depth and the amount of environmental moisture in winter in modeling survival probability. Minimum daily winter air temperature was positively correlated with the probability of survival in Boreal Toads at other sites in Colorado and has been identified as an important covariate in studies in other parts of the world. If air temperatures are an important component of survival for Boreal Toads or other amphibians, changes in climate may have profound impacts on populations. Copyright 2008 Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Herpetology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1670/07-257.1","issn":"00221511","usgsCitation":"Scherer, R.D., Muths, E., and Lambert, B., 2008, Effects of weather on survival in populations of boreal toads in Colorado: Journal of Herpetology, v. 42, no. 3, p. 508-517, https://doi.org/10.1670/07-257.1.","startPage":"508","endPage":"517","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203281,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18694,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1670/07-257.1"}],"volume":"42","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db6883ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scherer, R. D.","contributorId":8061,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scherer","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6674,"text":"Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":344979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Muths, E.","contributorId":6394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muths","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lambert, B.A.","contributorId":58378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lambert","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70000138,"text":"70000138 - 2008 - A 2650-year-long record of environmental change from northern Yellowstone National Park based on a comparison of multiple proxy data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:35","indexId":"70000138","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3217,"text":"Quaternary International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A 2650-year-long record of environmental change from northern Yellowstone National Park based on a comparison of multiple proxy data","docAbstract":"Geochemical, stable-isotope, pollen, charcoal, and diatom records were analyzed at high-resolution in cores obtained from Crevice Lake, a varved-sediment lake in northern Yellowstone National Park. The objective was to reconstruct the ecohydrologic, vegetation, and fire history of the watershed for the last 2650 years to better understand past climate variations at the forest-steppe transition. The data suggest a period of limited bottom-water anoxia, relatively wet winters, and cool springs and summers from 2650 to 2100 cal yr BP (700-150 BC). Dry warm conditions occurred between 2100 and 850-800 cal yr BP (150 BC and AD 1100-1150), when the lake was anoxic, winter precipitation was low, and summer stratification was protracted. The data are consistent with overall warmer/drier conditions during the Medieval Climate Anomaly, although they suggest a shift towards wetter winters within that period. The period from 850 to 800 cal yr BP (AD 1100-1150) to 250 cal yr BP (AD 1700) was characterized by greater water-column mixing and cooler spring/summer conditions than before. In addition, fire activity shifted towards infrequent large events and pollen production was low. From 250 to 150 cal yr BP (AD 1700-1800), winter precipitation was moderate compared to previous conditions, and the lake was again stratified, suggesting warm summers. Between 150 and 42 cal yr BP (AD 1800-1908), winter precipitation increased and spring and summer conditions became moderate. Metal pollution, probably from regional mining operations, is evident in the 1870s. Large fires occurred between ca. 1800-1880, but in general the forests were more closed than before. The Crevice Lake record suggests that the last 150 years of Yellowstone's environmental history were characterized by intermediate conditions when compared with the previous 2500 years. ?? 2007 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2007.06.005","issn":"10406182","usgsCitation":"Whitlock, C., Dean, W., Rosenbaum, J., Stevens, L., Fritz, S., Bracht, B., and Power, M., 2008, A 2650-year-long record of environmental change from northern Yellowstone National Park based on a comparison of multiple proxy data: Quaternary International, v. 188, no. 1, p. 126-138, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2007.06.005.","startPage":"126","endPage":"138","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203603,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18688,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2007.06.005"}],"volume":"188","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b42d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitlock, C.","contributorId":105836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitlock","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dean, W.","contributorId":24076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosenbaum, J.","contributorId":102989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbaum","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stevens, L.","contributorId":9603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fritz, S.","contributorId":91221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fritz","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bracht, B.","contributorId":37044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bracht","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Power, M.","contributorId":20050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70000137,"text":"70000137 - 2008 - Multi-proxy evidence for Late Pleistocene-Holocene climatic and environmental changes in Lop-Nur, Xinjiang, Northwest China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:35","indexId":"70000137","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1233,"text":"Chinese Journal of Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multi-proxy evidence for Late Pleistocene-Holocene climatic and environmental changes in Lop-Nur, Xinjiang, Northwest China","docAbstract":"A 10.35-m-long sediment core from the Luobei depression in Lop-Nur, Xinjiang, Northwest China, provides detailed information about environmental changes during the Late Pleistocene. The samples taken every 5 cm of the core were analyzed for 10 environmental proxies, including magnetic susceptibility, granularity, chroma, carbonate and loss on ignition (LOI), and pH value. The chronology data are provided by the uranium/thorium disequilibrium dates. The sediments of the section were deposited during the last 32000 years. The results of analysis of 10 proxies were examined using multivariate statistical analysis, and the principal components were calculated. According to the results, the Late Pleistocene sequence contains four climatic and environmental stages appearing in the cycles of cold-wet and warm-dry changes. During 10-9 ka BP, it was the earliest warm episode in the Holocene. Environmental changes in this district were restricted by global change, as suggested by the analysis of glacial-interglacial cycles. But it was different from the mutative trend of a monsoon region in East China because of its own characteristics, which was the situation of cold-wet and warm-dry climate-environment change. The candidate reason may be the uplift of the Tibet Plateau and the westerly wind circulation. ?? Science Press, Institute of Geochemistry, CAS and Springer-Verlag GmbH 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chinese Journal of Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11631-008-0257-1","issn":"10009426","usgsCitation":"Luo, C., Yang, D., Peng, Z., Zhang, Z., Weiguo, L., He, J., and Zhou, C., 2008, Multi-proxy evidence for Late Pleistocene-Holocene climatic and environmental changes in Lop-Nur, Xinjiang, Northwest China: Chinese Journal of Geochemistry, v. 27, no. 3, p. 257-264, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11631-008-0257-1.","startPage":"257","endPage":"264","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203572,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18687,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11631-008-0257-1"}],"volume":"27","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-07-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db698b9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luo, C.","contributorId":52697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luo","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yang, D.","contributorId":82440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peng, Z.","contributorId":95598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peng","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zhang, Z.","contributorId":47505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Weiguo, L.","contributorId":63926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiguo","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"He, J.","contributorId":95993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"He","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zhou, C.","contributorId":88466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhou","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70000165,"text":"70000165 - 2008 - The arctic water resource vulnerability index: An integrated assessment tool for community resilience and vulnerability with respect to freshwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:34","indexId":"70000165","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The arctic water resource vulnerability index: An integrated assessment tool for community resilience and vulnerability with respect to freshwater","docAbstract":"People in the Arctic face uncertainty in their daily lives as they contend with environmental changes at a range of scales from local to global. Freshwater is a critical resource to people, and although water resource indicators have been developed that operate from regional to global scales and for midlatitude to equatorial environments, no appropriate index exists for assessing the vulnerability of Arctic communities to changing water resources at the local scale. The Arctic Water Resource Vulnerability Index (AWRVI) is proposed as a tool that Arctic communities can use to assess their relative vulnerability-resilience to changes in their water resources from a variety of biophysical and socioeconomic processes. The AWRVI is based on a social-ecological systems perspective that includes physical and social indicators of change and is demonstrated in three case study communities/watersheds in Alaska. These results highlight the value of communities engaging in the process of using the AWRVI and the diagnostic capability of examining the suite of constituent physical and social scores rather than the total AWRVI score alone. ?? 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00267-008-9152-0","issn":"0364152X","usgsCitation":"Alessa, L., Kliskey, A., Lammers, R., Arp, C., White, D., Hinzman, L., and Busey, R., 2008, The arctic water resource vulnerability index: An integrated assessment tool for community resilience and vulnerability with respect to freshwater: Environmental Management, v. 42, no. 3, p. 523-541, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-008-9152-0.","startPage":"523","endPage":"541","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203348,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18703,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-008-9152-0"}],"volume":"42","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-06-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8be4b07f02db6519cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alessa, L.","contributorId":10527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alessa","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kliskey, A.","contributorId":24896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kliskey","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lammers, R.","contributorId":46904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lammers","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arp, C.","contributorId":65970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arp","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"White, D.","contributorId":39103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hinzman, L.","contributorId":103216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinzman","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Busey, R.","contributorId":24072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busey","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70000345,"text":"70000345 - 2008 - Soil nitrogen accretion along a floodplain terrace chronosequence in northwest Alaska: Influence of the nitrogen-fixing shrub <i>Shepherdia canadensis</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-15T13:54:07","indexId":"70000345","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1474,"text":"Écoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soil nitrogen accretion along a floodplain terrace chronosequence in northwest Alaska: Influence of the nitrogen-fixing shrub <i>Shepherdia canadensis</i>","docAbstract":"<p><span>Nitrogen enters terrestrial ecosystems through multiple pathways during primary succession. We measured accumulation of total soil nitrogen and changes in inorganic nitrogen (N) pools across a 300-y sequence of river terraces in northwest Alaska and assessed the contribution of the nitrogen-fixing shrub&nbsp;</span><i>Shepherdia canadensis</i><span>. Our work compared 5 stages of floodplain succession, progressing from a sparsely vegetated silt cap to dense shrubby vegetation, balsam poplar-dominated (</span><i>Populus balsamifera</i><span>) and white spruce-dominated (</span><i>Picea glauca</i><span>) mixed forests, and old-growth white spruce forest. Total soil N (0–30 cm depth) increased throughout the age sequence, initially by 2.4 g N·m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>·y</span><sup>−1</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>during the first 120 y of terrace development, then by 1.6 g N·m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>·y</span><sup>−1</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>during the subsequent 2 centuries. Labile soil N, measured by anaerobic incubation, increased most rapidly during the first 85 y of terrace formation, then remained relatively constant during further terrace development. On recently formed terraces,<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Shepherdia</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>shrubs enriched soil N pools several-fold compared to soil beneath<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Salix</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>spp. shrubs or intercanopy sites. Total and labile soil N accretion was proportional to<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Shepherdia</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>cover during the first century of terrace development, and mineral soil δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N content indicated that newly formed river terraces receive substantial N through N-fixation. About half the 600 g total N·m</span><sup>−2</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>accumulated across the river terrace chronosequence occurred during the 120 y when<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>S. canadensis</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>was dominant. Sediment deposited by periodic flooding continued to add N to terrace soils after the decline in<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Shepherdia</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>abundance and may have contributed 25% of the total N found in the floodplain terrace soils.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.2980/15-2-3027","issn":"11956860","usgsCitation":"Rhoades, C., Binkley, D., Oskarsson, H., and Stottlemyer, R., 2008, Soil nitrogen accretion along a floodplain terrace chronosequence in northwest Alaska: Influence of the nitrogen-fixing shrub <i>Shepherdia canadensis</i>: Écoscience, v. 15, no. 2, p. 223-230, https://doi.org/10.2980/15-2-3027.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"223","endPage":"230","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203326,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -161.65420532226562,\n              68.10149229200287\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.68304443359375,\n              68.1096858354976\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.74484252929688,\n              68.1071256663432\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.82449340820312,\n              68.09124626193278\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.8904113769531,\n              68.06048081739841\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.90963745117188,\n              68.02710524121156\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.9384765625,\n              68.00294207460765\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.927490234375,\n              67.98029835264474\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.90551757812497,\n              67.96845304770049\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.86294555664062,\n              67.97514896385832\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.81488037109375,\n              67.99007903959989\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.78054809570312,\n              68.00808528793806\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.751708984375,\n              68.0301880843196\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.707763671875,\n              68.05740201500745\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.630859375,\n              68.08817156419445\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.65420532226562,\n              68.10149229200287\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49efe4b07f02db5edb5c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rhoades, Charles","contributorId":82826,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rhoades","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Binkley, Dan","contributorId":102419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Binkley","given":"Dan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oskarsson, Hlynur","contributorId":26044,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oskarsson","given":"Hlynur","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stottlemyer, Robert","contributorId":97058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stottlemyer","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70000169,"text":"70000169 - 2008 - Geochemical evidence for hydroclimatic variability over the last 2460 years from Crevice Lake in Yellowstone National Park, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:34","indexId":"70000169","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3217,"text":"Quaternary International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical evidence for hydroclimatic variability over the last 2460 years from Crevice Lake in Yellowstone National Park, USA","docAbstract":"A 2460-year-long hydroclimatic record for Crevice Lake, Yellowstone National Park, Montana was constructed from the ??18O values of endogenic carbonates. The ??18O record is compared to the Palmer Hydrologic Drought Index (PHDI) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) indices, as well as inferred discharge of the Yellowstone River. During the last century, high ??18O values coincide with drought conditions and the warm phase of the PDO index. Low ??18O values coincide with wet years and a negative PDO index. Comparison of tree-ring inferred discharge of the Yellowstone River with the ??18O record over the last 300 years indicates that periods of high discharge (i.e., wet winters with significant snow pack) correspond with low ??18O values. Extrapolating this relationship we infer wet winters and high river discharge for the periods of 1090-1030, 970-870, 670-620, and 500-430 cal years BP. The wet intervals at 670 and 500 cal BP are synchronous with similar events in Banff, Canada and Walker Lake, Nevada. The wet intervals at 970 and 670 cal BP overlap with wet intervals at Walker Lake and major drought events identified in the western Great Basin. These results suggest that the northern border of Yellowstone National Park straddles the boundary between Northern Rocky Mountains and Great Basin climate regimes. ?? 2007 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2007.11.012","issn":"10406182","usgsCitation":"Stevens, L., and Dean, W., 2008, Geochemical evidence for hydroclimatic variability over the last 2460 years from Crevice Lake in Yellowstone National Park, USA: Quaternary International, v. 188, no. 1, p. 139-148, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2007.11.012.","startPage":"139","endPage":"148","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203755,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18704,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2007.11.012"}],"volume":"188","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae090","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stevens, L.R.","contributorId":57581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dean, W.E.","contributorId":97099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70000170,"text":"70000170 - 2008 - Maximizing detection probability of Wetland-dependent birds during point-count surveys in northwestern Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:32","indexId":"70000170","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3784,"text":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Maximizing detection probability of Wetland-dependent birds during point-count surveys in northwestern Florida","docAbstract":"We conducted 262 call-broadcast point-count surveys (1-6 replicate surveys on each of 62 points) using standardized North American Marsh Bird Monitoring Protocols between 31 May and 7 July 2006 on St. Vincent National Wildlife Refuge, an island off the northwest coast of Florida. We conducted double-blind multiple-observer surveys, paired morning and evening surveys, and paired morning and night surveys to examine the influence of call-broadcast and time of day on detection probability. Observer detection probability for all species pooled was 75% and was similar between passive (69%) and call-broadcast (65%) periods. Detection probability was higher on morning than evening (t = 3.0, P = 0.030) or night (t = 3.4, P = 0.042) surveys when we pooled all species. Detection probability was higher (but not significant for all species) on morning compared to evening or night surveys for all five focal species detected on surveys: Least Bittern (Ixobrychus exilis), Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris), Purple Gallinule (Porphyrula martinica), Common Moorhen (Gallinula chloropus), and American Coot (Fulica americana). We detected more Least Bitterns (t = 2.4, P = 0.064) and Common Moorhens (t = 2.8, P = 0.026) on morning than evening surveys, and more Clapper Rails (t = 5.1, P = 0.014) on morning than night surveys.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1676/07-041.1","issn":"15594491","usgsCitation":"Nadeau, C., Conway, C., Smith, B., and Lewis, T., 2008, Maximizing detection probability of Wetland-dependent birds during point-count surveys in northwestern Florida: Wilson Journal of Ornithology, v. 120, no. 3, p. 513-518, https://doi.org/10.1676/07-041.1.","startPage":"513","endPage":"518","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":199658,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18705,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1676/07-041.1"}],"volume":"120","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db6100d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nadeau, C.P.","contributorId":98426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nadeau","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conway, C.J.","contributorId":33417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, B.S.","contributorId":7730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"B.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lewis, T.E.","contributorId":55926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70000346,"text":"70000346 - 2008 - Physical rock properties in and around a conduit zone by well-logging in the Unzen Scientific Drilling Project, Japan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:37","indexId":"70000346","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Physical rock properties in and around a conduit zone by well-logging in the Unzen Scientific Drilling Project, Japan","docAbstract":"The objective of the Unzen Scientific Drilling Project (USDP) is not only to reveal the structure and eruption history of the Unzen volcano but also to clarify the ascent and degassing mechanisms of the magma conduit. Conduit drilling (USDP-4) was conducted in 2004, which targeted the magma conduit for the 1990-95 eruption. The total drilled length of USDP-4 was 1995.75??m. Geophysical well logging, including resistivity, gamma-ray, spontaneous potential, sonic-wave velocity, density, neutron porosity, and Fullbore Formation MicroImager (FMI), was conducted at each drilling stage. Variations in the physical properties of the rocks were revealed by the well-log data, which correlated with not only large-scale formation boundaries but also small-scale changes in lithology. Such variations were evident in the lava dike, pyroclastic rocks, and breccias over depth intervals ranging from 1 to 40??m. These data support previous models for structure of the lava conduit, in that they indicate the existence of alternating layers of high-resistivity and high P-wave velocity rocks corresponding to the lava dikes, in proximity to narrower zones exhibiting high porosity, low resistivity, and low P-wave velocity. These narrow, low-porosity zones are presumably higher in permeability than the adjacent rocks and may form preferential conduits for degassing during magma ascent. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.03.036","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Ikeda, R., Kajiwara, T., Omura, K., and Hickman, S., 2008, Physical rock properties in and around a conduit zone by well-logging in the Unzen Scientific Drilling Project, Japan: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 175, no. 1-2, p. 13-19, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.03.036.","startPage":"13","endPage":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":18809,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.03.036"},{"id":203614,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"175","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685add","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ikeda, R.","contributorId":51887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ikeda","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kajiwara, T.","contributorId":10140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kajiwara","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Omura, K.","contributorId":8598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Omura","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hickman, S.","contributorId":79995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickman","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70000151,"text":"70000151 - 2008 - Patch-reef morphology as a proxy for Holocene sea-level variability, Northern Florida Keys, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:37","indexId":"70000151","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1338,"text":"Coral Reefs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Patch-reef morphology as a proxy for Holocene sea-level variability, Northern Florida Keys, USA","docAbstract":"A portion of the northern Florida Keys reef tract was mapped with the NASA Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL) and the morphology of patch reefs was related to variations in Holocene sea level. Following creation of a lidar digital elevation model (DEM), geospatial analyses delineated morphologic attributes of 1,034 patch reefs (reef depth, basal area, height, volume, and topographic complexity). Morphometric analysis revealed two morphologically different populations of patch reefs associated with two distinct depth intervals above and below a water depth of 7.7 m. Compared to shallow reefs, the deep reefs were smaller in area and volume and showed no trend in topographic complexity relative to water depth. Shallow reefs were more variable in area and volume and became flatter and less topographically complex with decreasing water depth. The knoll-like morphology of deep reefs was interpreted as consistent with steady and relatively rapidly rising early Holocene sea level that restricted the lateral growth of reefs. The morphology of shallow 'pancake-shaped' reefs at the highest platform elevations was interpreted as consistent with fluctuating sea level during the late Holocene. Although the ultimate cause for the morphometric depth trends remains open to interpretation, these interpretations are compatible with a recent eustatic sea-level curve that hindcasts fluctuating late Holocene sea level. Thus it is suggested that the morphologic differences represent two stages of reef accretion that occurred during different sea-level conditions. ?? 2008 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coral Reefs","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00338-008-0370-y","issn":"07224028","usgsCitation":"Brock, J.C., Palaseanu-Lovejoy, M., Wright, C.W., and Nayegandhi, A., 2008, Patch-reef morphology as a proxy for Holocene sea-level variability, Northern Florida Keys, USA: Coral Reefs, v. 27, no. 3, p. 555-568, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-008-0370-y.","startPage":"555","endPage":"568","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203448,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18695,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-008-0370-y"}],"volume":"27","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-04-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688b19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brock, J. C.","contributorId":36095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Palaseanu-Lovejoy, M. 0000-0002-3786-5118","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3786-5118","contributorId":12605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palaseanu-Lovejoy","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wright, C. W. wwright@usgs.gov","contributorId":49758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"C.","email":"wwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nayegandhi, A.","contributorId":95578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nayegandhi","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70000156,"text":"70000156 - 2008 - Use of complex hydraulic variables to predict the distribution and density of unionids in a side channel of the Upper Mississippi River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:33","indexId":"70000156","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of complex hydraulic variables to predict the distribution and density of unionids in a side channel of the Upper Mississippi River","docAbstract":"Previous attempts to predict the importance of abiotic and biotic factors to unionids in large rivers have been largely unsuccessful. Many simple physical habitat descriptors (e.g., current velocity, substrate particle size, and water depth) have limited ability to predict unionid density. However, more recent studies have found that complex hydraulic variables (e.g., shear velocity, boundary shear stress, and Reynolds number) may be more useful predictors of unionid density. We performed a retrospective analysis with unionid density, current velocity, and substrate particle size data from 1987 to 1988 in a 6-km reach of the Upper Mississippi River near Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin. We used these data to model simple and complex hydraulic variables under low and high flow conditions. We then used classification and regression tree analysis to examine the relationships between hydraulic variables and unionid density. We found that boundary Reynolds number, Froude number, boundary shear stress, and grain size were the best predictors of density. Models with complex hydraulic variables were a substantial improvement over previously published discriminant models and correctly classified 65-88% of the observations for the total mussel fauna and six species. These data suggest that unionid beds may be constrained by threshold limits at both ends of the flow regime. Under low flow, mussels may require a minimum hydraulic variable (Rez.ast;, Fr) to transport nutrients, oxygen, and waste products. Under high flow, areas with relatively low boundary shear stress may provide a hydraulic refuge for mussels. Data on hydraulic preferences and identification of other conditions that constitute unionid habitat are needed to help restore and enhance habitats for unionids in rivers. ?? 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10750-008-9423-z","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Steuer, J.J., Newton, T., and Zigler, S.J., 2008, Use of complex hydraulic variables to predict the distribution and density of unionids in a side channel of the Upper Mississippi River: Hydrobiologia, v. 610, no. 1, p. 67-82, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-008-9423-z.","startPage":"67","endPage":"82","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203264,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18698,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-008-9423-z"}],"volume":"610","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db6048d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steuer, J. J.","contributorId":12430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steuer","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newton, T.J.","contributorId":104428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newton","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zigler, S. J.","contributorId":21513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zigler","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70000164,"text":"70000164 - 2008 - Host mating system and the spread of a disease-resistant allele in a population","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:33","indexId":"70000164","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3593,"text":"Theoretical Population Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Host mating system and the spread of a disease-resistant allele in a population","docAbstract":"The model presented here modifies a susceptible-infected (SI) host-pathogen model to determine the influence of mating system on the outcome of a host-pathogen interaction. Both deterministic and stochastic (individual-based) versions of the model were used. This model considers the potential consequences of varying mating systems on the rate of spread of both the pathogen and resistance alleles within the population. We assumed that a single allele for disease resistance was sufficient to confer complete resistance in an individual, and that both homozygote and heterozygote resistant individuals had the same mean birth and death rates. When disease invaded a population with only an initial small fraction of resistant genes, inbreeding (selfing) tended to increase the probability that the disease would soon be eliminated from a small population rather than become endemic, while outcrossing greatly increased the probability that the population would become extinct due to the disease.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Theoretical Population Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.tpb.2008.07.001","issn":"00405809","usgsCitation":"DeAngelis, D., Koslow, J.M., Jiang, J., and Ruan, S., 2008, Host mating system and the spread of a disease-resistant allele in a population: Theoretical Population Biology, v. 74, no. 2, p. 191-198, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tpb.2008.07.001.","startPage":"191","endPage":"198","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203265,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18702,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tpb.2008.07.001"}],"volume":"74","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62be16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeAngelis, D.L. 0000-0002-1570-4057","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":32470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koslow, Jennifer M.","contributorId":106621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koslow","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jiang, J.","contributorId":35439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jiang","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ruan, S.","contributorId":105024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruan","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70000490,"text":"70000490 - 2008 - Compositional stratigraphy of clay-bearing layered deposits at Mawrth Vallis, Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-05T16:30:56","indexId":"70000490","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Compositional stratigraphy of clay-bearing layered deposits at Mawrth Vallis, Mars","docAbstract":"<p>Phyllosilicates have previously been detected in layered outcrops in and around the Martian outflow channel Mawrth Vallis. CRISM spectra of these outcrops exhibit features diagnostic of kaolinite, montmorillonite, and Fe/Mg-rich smectites, along with crystalline ferric oxide minerals such as hematite. These minerals occur in distinct stratigraphic horizons, implying changing environmental conditions and/or a variable sediment source for these layered deposits. Similar stratigraphic sequences occur on both sides of the outflow channel and on its floor, with Al-clay-bearing layers typically overlying Fe/Mg-clay-bearing layers. This pattern, combined with layer geometries measured using topographic data from HiRISE and HRSC, suggests that the Al-clay-bearing horizons at Mawrth Vallis postdate the outflow channel and may represent a later sedimentary or altered pyroclastic deposit that drapes the topography.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2008GL034385","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Wray, J., Ehlmann, B., Squyres, S.W., Mustard, J., and Kirk, R.L., 2008, Compositional stratigraphy of clay-bearing layered deposits at Mawrth Vallis, Mars: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 35, no. 12, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL034385.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476517,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/35361a69312d4a01886fb651b5c828f1","text":"External Repository"},{"id":203767,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars; Mawrth Vallis","volume":"35","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-06-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a7fc8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wray, J.J.","contributorId":26049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wray","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ehlmann, B.L.","contributorId":107837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ehlmann","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Squyres, S. W.","contributorId":31836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squyres","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mustard, J.F.","contributorId":91605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mustard","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kirk, Randolph L. 0000-0003-0842-9226 rkirk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-9226","contributorId":2765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"Randolph","email":"rkirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":346034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70000466,"text":"70000466 - 2008 - Catchment data for process conceptualization: Simply not enough?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:38","indexId":"70000466","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Catchment data for process conceptualization: Simply not enough?","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.7068","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Soulsby, C., Neal, C., Laudon, H., Burns, D.A., Merot, P., Bonell, M., Dunn, S., and Tetzlaff, D., 2008, Catchment data for process conceptualization: Simply not enough?: Hydrological Processes, v. 22, no. 12, p. 2057-2061, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7068.","startPage":"2057","endPage":"2061","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":18884,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7068"},{"id":203741,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6fb4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soulsby, C.","contributorId":40713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soulsby","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neal, C.","contributorId":89269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neal","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Laudon, H.","contributorId":82444,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Laudon","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":29450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Merot, P.","contributorId":29115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merot","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bonell, M.","contributorId":82041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonell","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dunn, S.M.","contributorId":93177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunn","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Tetzlaff, D.","contributorId":106622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tetzlaff","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70000471,"text":"70000471 - 2008 - Introduced mammalian predators induce behavioural changes in parental care in an endemic New Zealand bird","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:35","indexId":"70000471","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Introduced mammalian predators induce behavioural changes in parental care in an endemic New Zealand bird","docAbstract":"The introduction of predatory mammals to oceanic islands has led to the extension of many birds. Although introduced predators should favour changes that reduce predation risk in surviving bird species, the ability of island birds to respond to such novel changes remains unstudied. We tested whether novel predation risk imposed by introduced mammalian predators has altered the parental behaviour of the endemic New Zealand bellbird (Anthomis melanura). We examined parental behaviour of billbnirds at three woodlands sites in New Zealand that differed in predation risk: 1) a mainland site with exotic predators present (high predation risk), 2) a mainland site with exotic predators experimentally removed (low risk recently) and, 3) an off-shore island where exotic predators were never introduced (low risk always). We also compared parental behavior of bellbirds with two closely related Tasmanian honeyeaters (Phylidonyris spp) that evolved with native nest predators (high risk always). Increased nest predation risk has been postulated to favour reduced parental activity, and we tested whether island bellbirds responded to variation in predation risk. We found that females spent more time on the nest per incubating bout with increased risk of predation, a strategy that minimised activity at the nest during incubation. Parental activity during the nestling period, measured as number of feeding visits/hr, also decreased with increasing nest predation risk across sites, and was lowest among the honeyeaters in Tasmania that evolved with native predators. These results demonstrates that some island birds are able to respond to increased risk of predation by novel predators in ways that appear adaptive. We suggest that conservation efforts may be more effective if they take advantage of the ability of island birds to respond to novel predators, especially when the elimination of exotic predators is not possible.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0002331","issn":"19326203","usgsCitation":"Massaro, M., Starling-Windhof, A., Briskie, J., and Martin, T.E., 2008, Introduced mammalian predators induce behavioural changes in parental care in an endemic New Zealand bird: PLoS ONE, v. 3, no. 6, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0002331.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476509,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0002331","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":18887,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0002331"},{"id":203794,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-06-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a50e4b07f02db628d70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Massaro, M.","contributorId":90446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Massaro","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Starling-Windhof, A.","contributorId":99682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Starling-Windhof","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Briskie, J.V.","contributorId":57197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briskie","given":"J.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Martin, T. E.","contributorId":10911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70000336,"text":"70000336 - 2008 - Origins of organic geochemistry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:37","indexId":"70000336","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origins of organic geochemistry","docAbstract":"When organic geochemistry actually began as a recognized geoscience is a matter of definition and perspective. Constraints on its beginning are placed by the historical development of its parent disciplines, geology and organic chemistry. These disciplines originated independently and developed in parallel, starting in the latter half of the 18th century and flourishing thereafter into the 21st century. Organic geochemistry began sometime between 1860 and 1983; I argue that 1930 is the best year to mark its origin.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Organic Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.orggeochem.2008.02.017","issn":"01466380","usgsCitation":"Kvenvolden, K., 2008, Origins of organic geochemistry: Organic Geochemistry, v. 39, no. 8, p. 905-909, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2008.02.017.","startPage":"905","endPage":"909","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":18800,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2008.02.017"},{"id":203284,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a67d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kvenvolden, K.A.","contributorId":80674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvenvolden","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70000337,"text":"70000337 - 2008 - Viability and fertilizing capacity of cryopreserved sperm from three North American acipenseriform species: A retrospective study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:38","indexId":"70000337","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2166,"text":"Journal of Applied Ichthyology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Viability and fertilizing capacity of cryopreserved sperm from three North American acipenseriform species: A retrospective study","docAbstract":"Populations of sturgeon across the globe are threatened due to unregulated harvest and habitat loss, and the status varies among species across North America. Ready access to viable and functional sperm would contribute to recovery programmes for these species. In this study, we examined the motility, viability (cell membrane integrity) of cryopreserved sperm from three North American acipenseriform species and fertilizing capacity. Milt samples were collected from captive shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum), wild paddlefish (Polyodon spathula) and pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) and cryopreserved using combinations of Modified Tsvetkova's (MT) extender, Original Tsvetkova's extender, and modified Hanks' balanced salt solution, along with the cryoprotectants methanol (MeOH) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). A dual-staining technique using the fluorescent stains SYBR-14 and propidium iodide was employed with flow cytometry to determine the percentages of spermatozoa that were viable by virtue of having intact membranes. The percentage of viable spermatozoa ranged from 5% to 12% in shortnose sturgeon, 30-59% in paddlefish, and 44-58% in pallid sturgeon. In the first experiment with shortnose sturgeon sperm, methanol allowed for higher values for dependent variables than did DMSO, and sperm viability generally correlated with post-thaw motility. However, fertilization rate, neurulation, or hatching rates were independent from these factors. In the second experiment with shortnose sturgeon, 5% MeOH combined with MT yielded higher values for all parameters tested than the other combinations: viability was correlated with motility, fertilization rate, and hatching rate. Overall, viability and post-thaw motility was not affected by the use of hyperosmotic extenders (OT) or cryoprotectants (DMSO), but their use decreased fertilization percentages. For paddlefish sperm (experiment 3), MT combined with 10% MeOH was clearly a good choice for cryopreservation; viability and motility results were correlated, but independent of fertilization. For pallid sturgeon sperm (experiment 4), MT with 5-10% MeOH showed significantly higher sperm quality and fertilization parameters. Membrane integrity can be used as a predictor of fertilization by cryopreserved sperm, however additional sperm quality parameters, supplementary to motility and membrane integrity, would be useful in the refining and optimizing cryopreservation protocols with acipenseriform sperm. ?? 2008 Blackwell Verlag, Berlin.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Ichthyology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1439-0426.2008.01134.x","issn":"01758659","usgsCitation":"Horvath, A., Wayman, W., Dean, J., Urbanyi, B., Tiersch, T., Mims, S., Johnson, D., and Jenkins, J., 2008, Viability and fertilizing capacity of cryopreserved sperm from three North American acipenseriform species: A retrospective study: Journal of Applied Ichthyology, v. 24, no. 4, p. 443-449, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2008.01134.x.","startPage":"443","endPage":"449","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476518,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2008.01134.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":18801,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2008.01134.x"},{"id":203371,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db68584e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horvath, A.","contributorId":44652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horvath","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wayman, W.R.","contributorId":100507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wayman","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dean, J.C.","contributorId":41947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Urbanyi, B.","contributorId":50268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Urbanyi","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tiersch, T.R.","contributorId":76051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiersch","given":"T.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mims, S.D.","contributorId":50110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mims","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Johnson, D.","contributorId":85955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jenkins, J.A. 0000-0002-5087-0894","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5087-0894","contributorId":51703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":345480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70000464,"text":"70000464 - 2008 - Aquatic insect ecophysiological traits reveal phylogenetically based differences in dissolved cadmium susceptibility","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:37","indexId":"70000464","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aquatic insect ecophysiological traits reveal phylogenetically based differences in dissolved cadmium susceptibility","docAbstract":"We used a phylogenetically based comparative approach to evaluate the potential for physiological studies to reveal patterns of diversity in traits related to susceptibility to an environmental stressor, the trace metal cadmium (Cd). Physiological traits related to Cd bioaccumulation, compartmentalization, and ultimately susceptibility were measured in 21 aquatic insect species representing the orders Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera. We mapped these experimentally derived physiological traits onto a phylogeny and quantified the tendency for related species to be similar (phylogenetic signal). All traits related to Cd bioaccumulation and susceptibility exhibited statistically significant phylogenetic signal, although the signal strength varied among traits. Conventional and phylogenetically based regression models were compared, revealing great variability within orders but consistent, strong differences among insect families. Uptake and elimination rate constants were positively correlated among species, but only when effects of body size and phylogeny were incorporated in the analysis. Together, uptake and elimination rates predicted dramatic Cd bioaccumulation differences among species that agreed with field-based measurements. We discovered a potential tradeoff between the ability to eliminate Cd and the ability to detoxify it across species, particularly mayflies. The best-fit regression models were driven by phylogenetic parameters (especially differences among families) rather than functional traits, suggesting that it may eventually be possible to predict a taxon's physiological performance based on its phylogenetic position, provided adequate physiological information is available for close relatives. There appears to be great potential for evolutionary physiological approaches to augment our understanding of insect responses to environmental stressors in nature. ?? 2008 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1073/pnas.0801686105","issn":"00278424","usgsCitation":"Buchwalter, D., Cain, D., Martin, C., Xie, L., Luoma, S., and Garland, T., 2008, Aquatic insect ecophysiological traits reveal phylogenetically based differences in dissolved cadmium susceptibility: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 105, no. 24, p. 8321-8326, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0801686105.","startPage":"8321","endPage":"8326","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476523,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2448835","text":"External Repository"},{"id":18882,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0801686105"},{"id":203612,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"105","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-06-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b20e4b07f02db6ab978","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buchwalter, D.B.","contributorId":20053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchwalter","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cain, D.J.","contributorId":68329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martin, C.A.","contributorId":17743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Xie, Lingtian","contributorId":65209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xie","given":"Lingtian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Luoma, S. N.","contributorId":86353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"S. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Garland, T. Jr.","contributorId":16554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garland","given":"T.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70000333,"text":"70000333 - 2008 - Comparison of two U.S. power-plant carbon dioxide emissions data sets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-23T12:39:58","indexId":"70000333","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of two U.S. power-plant carbon dioxide emissions data sets","docAbstract":"Estimates of fossil-fuel CO2 emissions are needed to address a variety of climate-change mitigation concerns over a broad range of spatial and temporal scales. We compared two data sets that report power-plant CO 2 emissions in the conterminous U.S. for 2004, the most recent year reported in both data sets. The data sets were obtained from the Department of Energy's Energy Information Administration (EIA) and the Environmental Protection Agency's eGRID database. Conterminous U.S. total emissions computed from the data sets differed by 3.5% for total plant emissions (electricity plus useful thermal output) and 2.3% for electricity generation only. These differences are well within previous estimates of uncertainty in annual U.S. fossil-fuel emissions. However, the corresponding average absolute differences between estimates of emissions from individual power plants were much larger, 16.9% and 25.3%, respectively. By statistical analysis, we identified several potential sources of differences between EIA and eGRID estimates for individual plants. Estimates that are based partly or entirely on monitoring of stack gases (reported by eGRID only) differed significantly from estimates based on fuel consumption (as reported by EIA). Differences in accounting methods appear to explain differences in estimates for emissions from electricity generation from combined heat and power plants, and for total and electricity generation emissions from plants that burn nonconventional fuels (e.g., biomass). Our analysis suggests the need for care in utilizing emissions data from individual power plants, and the need for transparency in documenting the accounting and monitoring methods used to estimate emissions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es800221q","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Ackerman, K., and Sundquist, E., 2008, Comparison of two U.S. power-plant carbon dioxide emissions data sets: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 42, no. 15, p. 5688-5693, https://doi.org/10.1021/es800221q.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"5688","endPage":"5693","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476514,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/2338","text":"External 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,{"id":70000468,"text":"70000468 - 2008 - Reactive flow models of the Anarraaq Zn-Pb-Ag deposit, Red Dog district, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:33","indexId":"70000468","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2746,"text":"Mineralium Deposita","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reactive flow models of the Anarraaq Zn-Pb-Ag deposit, Red Dog district, Alaska","docAbstract":"The Red Dog ore deposit district in the Brooks Range of northern Alaska is host to several high-grade, shale-hosted Zn + Pb deposits. Due to the complex history and deformation of these ore deposits, the geological and hydrological conditions at the time of formation are poorly understood. Using geological observations and fluid inclusion data as constraints, numerical heat and fluid flow simulations of the Anarraaq ore deposit environment and coupled reactive flow simulations of a section of the ore body were conducted to gain more insight into the conditions of ore body formation. Results suggest that the ore body and associated base metal zonation may have formed by the mixing of oxidized, saline, metal-bearing hydrothermal fluids (<200??C) with reducing, HS-rich pore fluids within radiolarite-rich host rocks. Sphalerite and galena concentrations and base metal sulfide distribution are primarily controlled by the nature of the pore fluids, i.e., the extent and duration of the HS- source. Forward modeling results also predict the distribution of pyrite and quartz in agreement with field observations and indicate a reaction front moving from the initial mixing interface into the radiolarite rocks. Heuristic mass calculations suggest that ore grades and base metal accumulation comparable to those found in the field (18% Zn, 5% Pb) are predicted to be reached after about 0.3 My for initial conditions (30 ppm Zn, 3 ppm Pb; 20% deposition efficiency). ?? Springer-Verlag 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mineralium Deposita","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00126-008-0193-3","issn":"00264598","usgsCitation":"Schardt, C., Garven, G., Kelley, K., and Leach, D.L., 2008, Reactive flow models of the Anarraaq Zn-Pb-Ag deposit, Red Dog district, Alaska: Mineralium Deposita, v. 43, no. 7, p. 735-757, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-008-0193-3.","startPage":"735","endPage":"757","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":18885,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00126-008-0193-3"},{"id":203464,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-06-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db68438c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schardt, C.","contributorId":61935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schardt","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garven, G.","contributorId":34632,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garven","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kelley, K.D. 0000-0002-3232-5809","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3232-5809","contributorId":75157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"K.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leach, D. L.","contributorId":18758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leach","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70000330,"text":"70000330 - 2008 - Low-density geochemical mapping and the robustness of geochemical patterns","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:38","indexId":"70000330","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1758,"text":"Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Low-density geochemical mapping and the robustness of geochemical patterns","docAbstract":"Geochemical mapping of entire continents and, ultimately, the world is still a challenge for applied geochemists. At sample densities traditionally used for geochemical exploration (1 site per 1-25 km2), geochemical mapping of whole continents is logistically extremely demanding and tremendously expensive. The first low-density geochemical surveys (1 site per 200 km2) were carried out during the late 1960s in Africa. Later surveys conducted in various parts of the world had sample densities ranging from 1 site per 300 km2 to 1 site per 18 000 km2. Although these surveys were deemed successful by the investigators in defining variations in background element content on a regional scale, the scientific community was sceptical that low-density geochemical mapping was possible and would provide useful information. The main area of criticism centred around the concern that at such low sample densities the resulting maps would not be robust, i.e. if the same area were resampled and remapped, different geochemical patterns would emerge. Different examples from the USA, Europe, China and Africa demonstrate that low-density geochemical mapping will result in stable and robust geochemical patterns at the continental scale. Such maps are urgently needed for a wide variety of applications. ?? 2008 AAG/ Geological Society of London.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1144/1467-7873/08-171","issn":"14677873","usgsCitation":"Smith, D.B., and Reimann, C., 2008, Low-density geochemical mapping and the robustness of geochemical patterns: Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis, v. 8, no. 3-4, p. 219-227, https://doi.org/10.1144/1467-7873/08-171.","startPage":"219","endPage":"227","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":18796,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1144/1467-7873/08-171"},{"id":203294,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a75e4b07f02db644a16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, D. B. davidsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":12840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.","email":"davidsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reimann, C.","contributorId":23669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimann","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70000329,"text":"70000329 - 2008 - Radarsat-1 and ERS InSAR analysis over southeastern coastal Louisiana: Implications for mapping water-level changes beneath swamp forests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T14:09:30","indexId":"70000329","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1944,"text":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radarsat-1 and ERS InSAR analysis over southeastern coastal Louisiana: Implications for mapping water-level changes beneath swamp forests","docAbstract":"Detailed analysis of C-band European Remote Sensing 1 and 2 (ERS-1/ERS-2) and Radarsat-1 interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) imagery was conducted to study water-level changes of coastal wetlands of southeastern Louisiana. Radar backscattering and InSAR coherence suggest that the dominant radar backscattering mechanism for swamp forest and saline marsh is double-bounce backscattering, implying that InSAR images can be used to estimate water-level changes with unprecedented spatial details. On the one hand, InSAR images suggest that water-level changes over the study site can be dynamic and spatially heterogeneous and cannot be represented by readings from sparsely distributed gauge stations. On the other hand, InSAR phase measurements are disconnected by structures and other barriers and require absolute water-level measurements from gauge stations or other sources to convert InSAR phase values to absolute water-level changes. ?? 2006 IEEE.","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/TGRS.2008.917271","issn":"01962892","usgsCitation":"Lu, Z., and Kwoun, O., 2008, Radarsat-1 and ERS InSAR analysis over southeastern coastal Louisiana: Implications for mapping water-level changes beneath swamp forests: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, v. 46, no. 8, p. 2167-2184, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2008.917271.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"2167","endPage":"2184","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203293,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18795,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2008.917271"}],"volume":"46","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db649db2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lu, Z.","contributorId":106241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kwoun, Oh-Ig","contributorId":41945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwoun","given":"Oh-Ig","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70000342,"text":"70000342 - 2008 - The identification of liquid ethane in Titan's Ontario Lacus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:38","indexId":"70000342","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The identification of liquid ethane in Titan's Ontario Lacus","docAbstract":"Titan was once thought to have global oceans of light hydrocarbons on its surface, but after 40 close flybys of Titan by the Cassini spacecraft, it has become clear that no such oceans exist. There are, however, features similar to terrestrial lakes and seas, and widespread evidence for fluvial erosion, presumably driven by precipitation of liquid methane from Titan's dense, nitrogen-dominated atmosphere. Here we report infrared spectroscopic data, obtained by the Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) on board the Cassini spacecraft, that strongly indicate that ethane, probably in liquid solution with methane, nitrogen and other low-molecular-mass hydrocarbons, is contained within Titan's Ontario Lacus. ??2008 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/nature07100","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Brown, R.H., Soderblom, L., Soderblom, J., Clark, R.N., Jaumann, R., Barnes, J.W., Sotin, C., Buratti, B., Baines, K.H., and Nicholson, P.D., 2008, The identification of liquid ethane in Titan's Ontario Lacus: Nature, v. 454, no. 7204, p. 607-610, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07100.","startPage":"607","endPage":"610","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":18805,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature07100"},{"id":203672,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"454","issue":"7204","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699ca5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, R. H.","contributorId":19931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Soderblom, L.A. 0000-0002-0917-853X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-853X","contributorId":6139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Soderblom, J.M.","contributorId":31097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clark, R. N.","contributorId":6568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jaumann, R.","contributorId":81232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaumann","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Barnes, J. W.","contributorId":14554,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barnes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sotin, Christophe","contributorId":53924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sotin","given":"Christophe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Buratti, B.","contributorId":51433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buratti","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Baines, K. H.","contributorId":37868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baines","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Nicholson, P. D.","contributorId":54330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nicholson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70000320,"text":"70000320 - 2008 - Data-resolution matrix and model-resolution matrix for Rayleigh-wave inversion using a damped least-squares method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:35","indexId":"70000320","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3208,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Data-resolution matrix and model-resolution matrix for Rayleigh-wave inversion using a damped least-squares method","docAbstract":"Inversion of multimode surface-wave data is of increasing interest in the near-surface geophysics community. For a given near-surface geophysical problem, it is essential to understand how well the data, calculated according to a layered-earth model, might match the observed data. A data-resolution matrix is a function of the data kernel (determined by a geophysical model and a priori information applied to the problem), not the data. A data-resolution matrix of high-frequency (>2 Hz) Rayleigh-wave phase velocities, therefore, offers a quantitative tool for designing field surveys and predicting the match between calculated and observed data. We employed a data-resolution matrix to select data that would be well predicted and we find that there are advantages of incorporating higher modes in inversion. The resulting discussion using the data-resolution matrix provides insight into the process of inverting Rayleigh-wave phase velocities with higher-mode data to estimate S-wave velocity structure. Discussion also suggested that each near-surface geophysical target can only be resolved using Rayleigh-wave phase velocities within specific frequency ranges, and higher-mode data are normally more accurately predicted than fundamental-mode data because of restrictions on the data kernel for the inversion system. We used synthetic and real-world examples to demonstrate that selected data with the data-resolution matrix can provide better inversion results and to explain with the data-resolution matrix why incorporating higher-mode data in inversion can provide better results. We also calculated model-resolution matrices in these examples to show the potential of increasing model resolution with selected surface-wave data. ?? Birkhaueser 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00024-008-0364-2","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Xia, J., Miller, R., and Xu, Y., 2008, Data-resolution matrix and model-resolution matrix for Rayleigh-wave inversion using a damped least-squares method: Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 165, no. 7, p. 1227-1248, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-008-0364-2.","startPage":"1227","endPage":"1248","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":18788,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00024-008-0364-2"},{"id":203632,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"165","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-07-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679cde","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, R. D.","contributorId":92693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Xu, Y.","contributorId":47816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70000465,"text":"70000465 - 2008 - The application of electrical conductivity as a tracer for hydrograph separation in urban catchments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:38","indexId":"70000465","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The application of electrical conductivity as a tracer for hydrograph separation in urban catchments","docAbstract":"Two-component hydrograph separation was performed on 19 low-to-moderate intensity rainfall events in a 4.1-km2 urban watershed to infer the relative and absolute contribution of surface runoff (e.g. new water) to stormflow generation between 2001 and 2003. The electrical conductivity (EC) of water was used as a continuous and inexpensive tracer, with order of magnitude differences in precipitation (12-46 ??S/cm) and pre-event streamwater EC values (520-1297 ??S/cm). While new water accounted for most of the increased discharge during storms (61-117%), the contribution of new water to total discharge during events was typically lower (18-78%) and negatively correlated with antecedent stream discharge (r2 = 0??55, p < 0??01). The amount of new water was positively correlated with total rainfall (r2 = 0??77), but hydrograph separation results suggest that less than half (9-46%) of the total rainfall on impervious surfaces is rapidly routed to the stream channel as new water. Comparison of hydrograph separation results using non-conservative tracers (EC and Si) and a conservative isotopic tracer (??D) for two events showed similar results and highlighted the potential application of EC as an inexpensive, high frequency tracer for hydrograph separation studies in urban catchments. The use of a simple tracer-based approach may help hydrologists and watershed managers to better understand impervious surface runoff, stormflow generation and non-point-source pollutant loading to urban streams. Copyright ?? 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.6786","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Pellerin, B., Wollheim, W.M., Feng, X., and Vororsmarty, C., 2008, The application of electrical conductivity as a tracer for hydrograph separation in urban catchments: Hydrological Processes, v. 22, no. 12, p. 1810-1818, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6786.","startPage":"1810","endPage":"1818","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476510,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6786","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":18883,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6786"},{"id":203703,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-09-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db66976b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pellerin, B.A.","contributorId":81233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pellerin","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wollheim, W. M.","contributorId":10912,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wollheim","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Feng, X.","contributorId":47506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feng","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vororsmarty, C.J.","contributorId":14556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vororsmarty","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70000324,"text":"70000324 - 2008 - The wister mud pot lineament: Southeastward extension or abandoned strand of the San Andreas fault?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:35","indexId":"70000324","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The wister mud pot lineament: Southeastward extension or abandoned strand of the San Andreas fault?","docAbstract":"We present the results of a survey of mud pots in the Wister Unit of the Imperial Wildlife Area. Thirty-three mud pots, pot clusters, or related geothermal vents (hundreds of pots in all) were identified, and most were found to cluster along a northwest-trending line that is more or less coincident with the postulated Sand Hills fault. An extrapolation of the trace of the San Andreas fault southeastward from its accepted terminus north of Bombay Beach very nearly coincides with the mud pot lineament and may represent a surface manifestation of the San Andreas fault southeast of the Salton Sea. Additionally, a recent survey of vents near Mullet Island in the Salton Sea revealed eight areas along a northwest-striking line where gas was bubbling up through the water and in two cases hot mud and water were being violently ejected.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120070252","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Lynch, D., and Hudnut, K., 2008, The wister mud pot lineament: Southeastward extension or abandoned strand of the San Andreas fault?: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 98, no. 4, p. 1720-1729, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120070252.","startPage":"1720","endPage":"1729","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476512,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:LYNbssa08","text":"External Repository"},{"id":18791,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120070252"},{"id":203474,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc98c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lynch, D.K.","contributorId":33436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lynch","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hudnut, K.W.","contributorId":25179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudnut","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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