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To reduce efforts and increase efficiency, we developed a trap-signaling device with long-distance reception, durability in adverse weather, and ease of transport, deployment, and use. Modifications from previous designs include a normally open magnetic switch and a mounting configuration to maximize reception. The system weighed <225 g, was effective ???17.1 km, and failed in <1% of trap-nights. Employing this system, researchers and wildlife managers may reduce the amount of effort checking traps while improving the welfare of trapped animals.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/2006-519","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Benevides, F., Hansen, H., and Hess, S., 2008, Design and evaluation of a simple signaling device for live traps: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 72, no. 6, p. 1434-1436, https://doi.org/10.2193/2006-519.","startPage":"1434","endPage":"1436","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":18790,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2006-519"},{"id":203428,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db667e7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benevides, F.L. Jr.","contributorId":93607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benevides","given":"F.L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansen, H.","contributorId":76443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hess, S.C. 0000-0001-6403-9922","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6403-9922","contributorId":86081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hess","given":"S.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70000343,"text":"70000343 - 2008 - Landscape pattern of seed banks and anthropogenic impacts in forested wetlands of the northern Mississippi River Alluvial Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:33","indexId":"70000343","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1474,"text":"Écoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape pattern of seed banks and anthropogenic impacts in forested wetlands of the northern Mississippi River Alluvial Valley","docAbstract":"Agricultural development on floodplains contributes to hydrologic alteration and forest fragmentation, which may alter landscape-level processes. These changes may be related to shifts in the seed bank composition of floodplain wetlands. We examined the patterns of seed bank composition across a floodplain watershed by looking at the number of seeds germinating per m2 by species in 60 farmed and intact forested wetlands along the Cache River watershed in Illinois. The seed bank composition was compared above and below a water diversion (position), which artificially subdivides the watershed. Position of these wetlands represented the most variability of Axis I in a Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling (NMS) analysis of site environmental variables and their relationship to seed bank composition (coefficient of determination for Axis 1: r2 = 0.376; Pearson correlation of position to Axis 1: r = 0.223). The 3 primary axes were also represented by other site environmental variables, including farming status (farmed or unfarmed), distance from the mouth of the river, latitude, and longitude. Spatial analysis based on Mantel correlograms showed that both water-dispersed and wind/water-dispersed seed assemblages had strong spatial structure in the upper Cache (above the water diversion), bur the spatial structure of water-dispersed seed assemblage was diminished in the lower Cache (below the water diversion), which lost floodpulsing. Bearing analysis also Suggested that water-dispersal process had a stronger influence on the overall spatial pattern of seed assemblage in the upper Cache, while wind/water-dispersal process had a stronger influence in the lower Cache. An analysis of the landscapes along the river showed that the mid-lower Cache (below the water diversion) had undergone greater land cover changes associated with agriculture than did the upper Cache watershed. Thus, the combination of forest fragmentation and hydrologic changes in the surrounding landscape may have had an influence on the seed bank composition and spatial distribution of the seed banks of the Cache River watershed. Our study suggests that the spatial pattern of seed bank composition may be influenced by landscape-level factors and processes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecoscience","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2980/15-2-2882","issn":"11956860","usgsCitation":"Middleton, B., and Wu, X., 2008, Landscape pattern of seed banks and anthropogenic impacts in forested wetlands of the northern Mississippi River Alluvial Valley: Écoscience, v. 15, no. 2, p. 231-240, https://doi.org/10.2980/15-2-2882.","startPage":"231","endPage":"240","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":18806,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2980/15-2-2882"},{"id":203783,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b20e4b07f02db6ab8e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Middleton, B. 0000-0002-1220-2326","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1220-2326","contributorId":29939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":345503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wu, X.B.","contributorId":50640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"X.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70000143,"text":"70000143 - 2008 - Overgrowth of fungi (endolithic hypermycosis) associated with multifocal to diffuse distinct amorphous dark discoloration of corals in the Indo-Pacific","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-20T15:05:51","indexId":"70000143","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1338,"text":"Coral Reefs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Overgrowth of fungi (endolithic hypermycosis) associated with multifocal to diffuse distinct amorphous dark discoloration of corals in the Indo-Pacific","docAbstract":"

Coral disease surveys in American Samoa and Hawai‘i revealed colonies with a distinct dark discoloration affecting 20–60% of the colony surface (Fig. 1a). In some cases, tissue loss with algal infiltration was present within discolored areas. On microscopy, these lesions had marked overgrowth of the coral skeleton and tissues with septate branching structures that stained positive with Grocott’s Methenamine Silver (fungal hyphae) accompanied by necrosis and fragmentation of coral tissues (Fig. 1b). We have observed this condition grossly and microscopically in Pavona varians, Psammocora nierstraszi, and Montipora sp. in American Samoa and in Pavona maldivensis and P. varians in Hawai‘i. This condition resembles Dark Spots Disease from the Caribbean (Solano et al. 1993) that also shows endolithic hypermycosis (Galloway et al. 2007), suggesting that the association between dark discoloration of corals and overgrowth of endolithic fungi may be common (Western Atlantic, Indo-Pacific). Based on gross and microscopic morphology, tissue atrophy may precede overgrowth of endolithic fungi, but this awaits confirmation through systematic studies that monitor the development of lesions over time (pathogenesis). Using standardized terminology (Work and Aeby 2006) to describe lesions facilitates regional comparisons of coral disease.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00338-008-0374-7","issn":"07224028","usgsCitation":"Work, T.M., Aeby, G., Stanton, F., and Fenner, D., 2008, Overgrowth of fungi (endolithic hypermycosis) associated with multifocal to diffuse distinct amorphous dark discoloration of corals in the Indo-Pacific: Coral Reefs, v. 27, no. 3, p. 663-663, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-008-0374-7.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"663","endPage":"663","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203719,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18689,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-008-0374-7"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"American Samoa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": 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G.S.","contributorId":56624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aeby","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stanton, F.G.","contributorId":98023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"F.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fenner, D.","contributorId":100511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fenner","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70000372,"text":"70000372 - 2008 - Persistence of pathogenic prion protein during simulated wastewater treatment processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:37","indexId":"70000372","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Persistence of pathogenic prion protein during simulated wastewater treatment processes","docAbstract":"Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs, prion diseases) are a class of fatal neurodegenerative diseases affecting a variety of mammalian species including humans. A misfolded form of the prion protein (PrP TSE) is the major, if not sole, component of the infectious agent. Prions are highly resistant to degradation and to many disinfection procedures suggesting that, if prions enter wastewater treatment systems through sewers and/or septic systems (e.g., from slaughterhouses, necropsy laboratories, rural meat processors, private game dressing) or through leachate from landfills that have received TSE-contaminated material, prions could survive conventional wastewater treatment Here, we report the results of experiments examining the partitioning and persistence of PrPTSE during simulated wastewater treatment processes including activated and mesophilic anaerobic sludge digestion. Incubation with activated sludge did not result in significant PrPTSE degradation. PrPTSE and prion infectivity partitioned strongly to activated sludge solids and are expected to enter biosolids treatment processes. A large fraction of PrPTSE survived simulated mesophilic anaerobic sludge digestion. The small reduction in recoverable PrPTSE after 20-d anaerobic sludge digestion appeared attributable to a combination of declining extractability with time and microbial degradation. Our results suggest that if prions were to enter municipal wastewater treatment systems, most would partition to activated sludge solids, survive mesophilic anaerobic digestion, and be present in treated biosolids. ?? 2008 American Chemical Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es703186e","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Hinckley, G., Johnson, C., Jacobson, K., Bartholomay, C., Mcmahon, K., McKenzie, D., Aiken, J.M., and Pedersen, J., 2008, Persistence of pathogenic prion protein during simulated wastewater treatment processes: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 42, no. 14, p. 5254-5259, https://doi.org/10.1021/es703186e.","startPage":"5254","endPage":"5259","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476511,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc3087203","text":"External Repository"},{"id":18817,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es703186e"},{"id":203769,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-06-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688420","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinckley, G.T.","contributorId":14938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinckley","given":"G.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, C.J.","contributorId":55378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jacobson, K.H.","contributorId":54712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bartholomay, C.","contributorId":80806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholomay","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mcmahon, K.D.","contributorId":90859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mcmahon","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McKenzie, D.","contributorId":34093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenzie","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Aiken, Judd M.","contributorId":64780,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aiken","given":"Judd","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pedersen, J.A.","contributorId":101787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pedersen","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70000325,"text":"70000325 - 2008 - Observation and prediction of dynamic ground strains, tilts, and torsions caused by the Mw 6.0 2004 Parkfield, California, earthquake and aftershocks, derived from UPSAR array observations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:35","indexId":"70000325","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observation and prediction of dynamic ground strains, tilts, and torsions caused by the Mw 6.0 2004 Parkfield, California, earthquake and aftershocks, derived from UPSAR array observations","docAbstract":"The 28 September 2004 Parkfield, California, earthquake (Mw 6.0) and four aftershocks (Mw 4.7-5.1) were recorded on 12 accelerograph stations of the U.S. Geological Survey Parkfield seismic array (UPSAR), an array of three-component accelerographs occupying an area of about 1 km2 located 8.8 km from the San Andreas fault. Peak horizontal acceleration and velocity at UPSAR during the mainshock were 0.45g and 27 cm/sec, respectively. We determined both time-varying and peak values of ground dilatations, shear strains, torsions, tilts, torsion rates, and tilt rates by applying a time-dependent geodetic analysis to the observed array displacement time series. Array-derived dilatations agree fairly well with point measurements made on high sample rate recordings of the Parkfield-area dilatometers (Johnston et al., 2006). Torsion Fourier amplitude spectra agree well with ground velocity spectra, as expected for propagating plane waves. A simple predictive relation, using the predicted peak velocity from the Boore-Atkinson ground-motion prediction relation (Boore and Atkinson, 2007) scaled by a phase velocity of 1 km/sec, predicts observed peak Parkfield and Chi-Chi rotations (Huang, 2003) well. However, rotation rates measured during Mw 5 Ito, Japan, events observed on a gyro sensor (Takeo, 1998) are factors of 5-60 greater than those predicted by our predictive relation. This discrepancy might be caused by a scale dependence in rotation, with rotations measured over a short baseline exceeding those measured over long baselines. An alternative hypothesis is that events having significant non-double-couple mechanisms, like the Ito events, radiate much stronger rotations than double-couple events. If this is true, then rotational observations might provide an important source of new information for monitoring seismicity in volcanic areas.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120070157","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Spudich, P., and Fletcher, J.B., 2008, Observation and prediction of dynamic ground strains, tilts, and torsions caused by the Mw 6.0 2004 Parkfield, California, earthquake and aftershocks, derived from UPSAR array observations: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 98, no. 4, p. 1898-1914, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120070157.","startPage":"1898","endPage":"1914","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":18792,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120070157"},{"id":203691,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db696541","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spudich, P.","contributorId":85700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spudich","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fletcher, Joe B.","contributorId":8850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"Joe","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70000356,"text":"70000356 - 2008 - Stress changes from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and increased hazard in the Sichuan basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:37","indexId":"70000356","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stress changes from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and increased hazard in the Sichuan basin","docAbstract":"On 12 May 2008, the devastating magnitude 7.9 (Wenchuan) earthquake struck the eastern edge of the Tibetan plateau, collapsing buildings and killing thousands in major cities aligned along the western Sichuan basin in China. After such a large-magnitude earthquake, rearrangement of stresses in the crust commonly leads to subsequent damaging earthquakes. The mainshock of the 12 May earthquake ruptured with as much as 9 m of slip along the boundary between the Longmen Shan and Sichuan basin, and demonstrated the complex strike-slip and thrust motion that characterizes the region. The Sichuan basin and surroundings are also crossed by other active strike-slip and thrust faults. Here we present calculations of the coseismic stress changes that resulted from the 12 May event using models of those faults, and show that many indicate significant stress increases. Rapid mapping of such stress changes can help to locate fault sections with relatively higher odds of producing large aftershocks. ??2008 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/nature07177","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Parsons, T., Ji, C., and Kirby, E., 2008, Stress changes from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and increased hazard in the Sichuan basin: Nature, v. 454, no. 7203, p. 509-510, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07177.","startPage":"509","endPage":"510","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":18812,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature07177"},{"id":203449,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"454","issue":"7203","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4c4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsons, T.","contributorId":48288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ji, C.","contributorId":31093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ji","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kirby, E.","contributorId":63133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70000371,"text":"70000371 - 2008 - Real-time PCR detection and quantification of nine potential sources of fecal contamination by analysis of mitochondrial Cytochrome b targets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:37","indexId":"70000371","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Real-time PCR detection and quantification of nine potential sources of fecal contamination by analysis of mitochondrial Cytochrome b targets","docAbstract":"We designed and tested real-time PCR probe/primer sets to detect and quantify Cytochrome b sequences of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from nine vertebrate species of pet (dog), farm (cow, chicken, sheep, horse, pig), wildlife (Canada goose, white-tailed deer), and human. Linear ranges of the assays were from 101 to 108 copies/??l. To formally test the performance of the assays, twenty blinded fecal suspension samples were analyzed by real-time PCR to identify the source of the feces. Sixteen of the twenty samples were correctly and unambiguously identified. Average sensitivity was calculated to be 0.850, while average specificity was found to be 0.994. One beef cow sample was not detected, but mtDNA from 11 other beef cattle of both sexes and varying physiological states was found in concentrations similar (3.45 ?? 107 copies/g) to thatfound in human feces (1.1 ?? 107 copies/g). Thus, environmental conditions and sample handling are probably important factors for successful detection of fecal mtDNA. When sewage samples were analyzed, only human mtDNA (7.2 ?? 104 copies/100 mL) was detected. With a detection threshold of 250 copies/reaction, an efficient concentration and purification method resulted in a final detection limit for human feces of 1.8 mg/100 mL water.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es800051z","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Schill, W.B., and Mathes, M., 2008, Real-time PCR detection and quantification of nine potential sources of fecal contamination by analysis of mitochondrial Cytochrome b targets: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 42, no. 14, p. 5229-5234, https://doi.org/10.1021/es800051z.","startPage":"5229","endPage":"5234","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":18816,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es800051z"},{"id":203734,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-06-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db64866f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schill, W. B.","contributorId":60146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schill","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mathes, M.V.","contributorId":44916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mathes","given":"M.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70000471,"text":"70000471 - 2008 - Introduced mammalian predators induce behavioural changes in parental care in an endemic New Zealand bird","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:35","indexId":"70000471","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Introduced mammalian predators induce behavioural changes in parental care in an endemic New Zealand bird","docAbstract":"The introduction of predatory mammals to oceanic islands has led to the extension of many birds. Although introduced predators should favour changes that reduce predation risk in surviving bird species, the ability of island birds to respond to such novel changes remains unstudied. We tested whether novel predation risk imposed by introduced mammalian predators has altered the parental behaviour of the endemic New Zealand bellbird (Anthomis melanura). We examined parental behaviour of billbnirds at three woodlands sites in New Zealand that differed in predation risk: 1) a mainland site with exotic predators present (high predation risk), 2) a mainland site with exotic predators experimentally removed (low risk recently) and, 3) an off-shore island where exotic predators were never introduced (low risk always). We also compared parental behavior of bellbirds with two closely related Tasmanian honeyeaters (Phylidonyris spp) that evolved with native nest predators (high risk always). Increased nest predation risk has been postulated to favour reduced parental activity, and we tested whether island bellbirds responded to variation in predation risk. We found that females spent more time on the nest per incubating bout with increased risk of predation, a strategy that minimised activity at the nest during incubation. Parental activity during the nestling period, measured as number of feeding visits/hr, also decreased with increasing nest predation risk across sites, and was lowest among the honeyeaters in Tasmania that evolved with native predators. These results demonstrates that some island birds are able to respond to increased risk of predation by novel predators in ways that appear adaptive. We suggest that conservation efforts may be more effective if they take advantage of the ability of island birds to respond to novel predators, especially when the elimination of exotic predators is not possible.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0002331","issn":"19326203","usgsCitation":"Massaro, M., Starling-Windhof, A., Briskie, J., and Martin, T.E., 2008, Introduced mammalian predators induce behavioural changes in parental care in an endemic New Zealand bird: PLoS ONE, v. 3, no. 6, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0002331.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476509,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0002331","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":18887,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0002331"},{"id":203794,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-06-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a50e4b07f02db628d70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Massaro, M.","contributorId":90446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Massaro","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Starling-Windhof, A.","contributorId":99682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Starling-Windhof","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Briskie, J.V.","contributorId":57197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briskie","given":"J.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Martin, T. E.","contributorId":10911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70000327,"text":"70000327 - 2008 - Forage fish of the Pacific Rim as revealed by diet of a piscivorous seabird: Synchrony and relationships with sea surface temperature","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-04T14:55:48.175686","indexId":"70000327","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forage fish of the Pacific Rim as revealed by diet of a piscivorous seabird: Synchrony and relationships with sea surface temperature","docAbstract":"

We tested the hypothesis of synchronous interannual changes in forage fish dynamics around the North Pacific Rim. To do this, we sampled forage fish communities using a seabird predator, the rhinoceros auklet (Cerorhinca monocerata), at six coastal study sites from Japan to California. We investigated whether take of forage fishes was related to local marine conditions as indexed by sea surface temperature (SST). SST was concordant across sites in the eastern Pacific, but inversely correlated between east and west. Forage fish communities consisted of anchovy (Engraulis spp.), sandlance (Ammodytes spp.), capelin (Mallotus spp.), and juvenile rockfish (Sebastes spp.), among others, and take of forage fish varied in response to interannual and possibly lower-frequency oceanographic variability. Take of primary forage species were significantly related to changes in SST only at the eastern sites. We found synchrony in interannual variation of primary forage fishes across several regions in the eastern Pacific, but no significant east–west correlations. Specifically in the Japan Sea, factors other than local SST or interannual variability may more strongly influence forage fishes. Predator diet sampling offers a fishery-independent, large-scale perspective on forage fish dynamics that may be difficult to obtain using conventional means of study.

","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/F08-076","usgsCitation":"Thayer, J., Bertram, D., Hatch, S.A., Hipfner, M., Slater, L., Sydeman, W., and Watanuki, Y., 2008, Forage fish of the Pacific Rim as revealed by diet of a piscivorous seabird: Synchrony and relationships with sea surface temperature: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 65, no. 8, p. 1610-1622, https://doi.org/10.1139/F08-076.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1610","endPage":"1622","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476524,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2115/38542","text":"External Repository"},{"id":203654,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Pacific Rim","volume":"65","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de4bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thayer, J.A.","contributorId":65593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thayer","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bertram, D.F.","contributorId":32659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bertram","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hatch, Scott A. 0000-0002-0064-8187 shatch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-8187","contributorId":2625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Scott","email":"shatch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":345454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hipfner, M.J.","contributorId":34637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hipfner","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Slater, L.","contributorId":99267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slater","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sydeman, W.J.","contributorId":95831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sydeman","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Watanuki, Y.","contributorId":46669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watanuki","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70000370,"text":"70000370 - 2008 - Cattail invasion of sedge/grass meadows in Lake Ontario: Photointerpretation analysis of sixteen wetlands over five decades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:36","indexId":"70000370","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cattail invasion of sedge/grass meadows in Lake Ontario: Photointerpretation analysis of sixteen wetlands over five decades","docAbstract":"Photointerpretation studies were conducted to evaluate vegetation changes in wetlands of Lake Ontario and the upper St. Lawrence River associated with regulation of water levels since about 1960. The studies used photographs from 16 sites (four each from drowned river mouth, barrier beach, open embayment, and protected embayment wetlands) and spanned a period from the 1950s to 2001 at roughly decadal intervals. Meadow marsh was the most prominent vegetation type in most wetlands in the late 1950s when water levels had declined following high lake levels in the early 1950s. Meadow marsh increased at some sites in the mid-1960s in response to low lake levels and decreased at all sites in the late 1970s following a period of high lake levels. Typha increased at nearly all sites, except wave-exposed open embayments, in the 1970s. Meadow marsh continued to decrease and Typha to increase at most sites during sustained higher lake levels through the 1980s, 1990s, and into 2001. Most vegetation changes could be correlated with lake-level changes and with life-history strategies and physiological tolerances to water depth of prominent taxa. Analyses of GIS coverages demonstrated that much of the Typha invasion was landward into meadow marsh, largely by Typha x glauca. Lesser expansion toward open water included both T. x glauca and T. angustifolia. Although many models focus on the seed bank as a key component of vegetative change in wetlands, our results suggest that canopy-dominating, moisture-requiring Typha was able to invade meadow marsh at higher elevations because sustained higher lake levels allowed it to survive and overtake sedges and grasses that can tolerate periods of drier soil conditions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3394/0380-1330(2008)34[301:CIOGMI]2.0.CO;2","issn":"03801330","usgsCitation":"Wilcox, D., Kowalski, K., Hoare, H., Carlson, M., and Morgan, H., 2008, Cattail invasion of sedge/grass meadows in Lake Ontario: Photointerpretation analysis of sixteen wetlands over five decades: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 34, no. 2, p. 301-323, https://doi.org/10.3394/0380-1330(2008)34[301:CIOGMI]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"301","endPage":"323","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476515,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12648/2294","text":"External Repository"},{"id":18815,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3394/0380-1330(2008)34[301:CIOGMI]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":203732,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f3cfe4b0c8380cd4b996","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilcox, D.A.","contributorId":55382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcox","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kowalski, K.P.","contributorId":8975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kowalski","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoare, H.L.","contributorId":41568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoare","given":"H.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carlson, M.L.","contributorId":99681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Morgan, H.N.","contributorId":73727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"H.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70000317,"text":"70000317 - 2008 - Subspecific affinities and conservation genetics of western big-eared bats (Corynorhinus townsendii pallescens) at the edge of their distributional range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:36","indexId":"70000317","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subspecific affinities and conservation genetics of western big-eared bats (Corynorhinus townsendii pallescens) at the edge of their distributional range","docAbstract":"Subspecific affinities, determination of population boundaries, and levels of population connectedness are of critical importance for the development of management and conservation planning. We used variation at a mitochondrial locus and 5 biparentally inherited nuclear loci to determine partitioning of genetic variation of western big-eared bats (Corynorhinus townsendii) within and among caves occurring in a fragmented landscape of gypsum deposits in western Oklahoma. To accomplish this objective, we first performed a phylogenetic analysis based on the mitochondrial locus of western big-eared bats from a large portion of their range. This analysis indicated that western big-eared bats at the periphery of the distribution in western Oklahoma share phylogenetic affinities with the most geographically restricted subspecies, C. t. pallescens. Because C. townsendii is rare in Oklahoma and is listed as a species of special concern, this finding provides additional support for the continued protection of this species in Oklahoma. Within western Oklahoma, we failed to detect significant differentiation among any caves for the biparentally inherited microsatellite data. However, the mitochondrial locus exhibited significant levels of genetic differentiation among caves, with the highest level of differentiation occurring between caves within the disjunct distributions of gypsum (??ST = 38.76%). Although a significant amount of genetic differentiation was detected between populations on the 2 disjunct distributions of gypsum deposits, Analysis with the program Migrate suggested high levels of asymmetric gene flow among some populations. Our results provide a greater understanding of the population dynamics of western big-eared bats on the periphery of their range and highlight the importance of continued monitoring and study of this taxon. ?? 2008 American Society of Mammalogists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Mammalogy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1644/06-MAMM-A-279.1","issn":"00222372","usgsCitation":"Smith, S., Leslie, D., Hamilton, M., Lack, J., and Van Den Bussche, R.A., 2008, Subspecific affinities and conservation genetics of western big-eared bats (Corynorhinus townsendii pallescens) at the edge of their distributional range: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 89, no. 4, p. 799-814, https://doi.org/10.1644/06-MAMM-A-279.1.","startPage":"799","endPage":"814","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476508,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/06-mamm-a-279.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":203604,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18786,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1644/06-MAMM-A-279.1"}],"volume":"89","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699b11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, S.J.","contributorId":23675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leslie, David M. Jr.","contributorId":52514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leslie","given":"David M.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hamilton, M.J.","contributorId":77645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lack, Justin B.","contributorId":82038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lack","given":"Justin B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Van Den Bussche, Ronald A.","contributorId":41121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Den Bussche","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70000322,"text":"70000322 - 2008 - Effects of short-term acid and aluminum exposure on the parr-smolt transformation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): Disruption of seawater tolerance and endocrine status","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:35","indexId":"70000322","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1738,"text":"General and Comparative Endocrinology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of short-term acid and aluminum exposure on the parr-smolt transformation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): Disruption of seawater tolerance and endocrine status","docAbstract":"Episodic acidification resulting in increased acidity and inorganic aluminum (Ali) is known to interfere with the parr-smolt transformation of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), and has been implicated as a possible cause of population decline. To determine the extent and mechanism(s) by which short-term acid/Al exposure compromises smolt development, Atlantic salmon smolts were exposed to either control (pH 6.7-6.9) or acid/Al (pH 5.4-6.3, 28-64 ??g l-1 Ali) conditions for 2 and 5 days, and impacts on freshwater (FW) ion regulation, seawater (SW) tolerance, plasma hormone levels and stress response were examined. Gill Al concentrations were elevated in all smolts exposed to acid/Al relative to controls confirming exposure to increased Ali. There was no effect of acid/Al on plasma ion concentrations in FW however, smolts exposed to acid/Al followed by a 24 h SW challenge exhibited greater plasma Cl- levels than controls, indicating reduced SW tolerance. Loss of SW tolerance was accompanied by reductions in gill Na+,K+-ATPase (NKA) activity and Na+,K+,2Cl- (NKCC) cotransporter protein abundance. Acid/Al exposure resulted in decreased plasma insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) and 3,3???,5???-triiodo-l-thyronine (T3) levels, whereas no effect of treatment was seen on plasma cortisol, growth hormone (GH), or thyroxine (T4) levels. Acid/Al exposure resulted in increased hematocrit and plasma glucose levels in FW, but both returned to control levels after 24 h in SW. The results indicate that smolt development and SW tolerance are compromised by short-term exposure to acid/Al in the absence of detectable impacts on FW ion regulation. Loss of SW tolerance during short-term acid/Al exposure likely results from reductions in gill NKA and NKCC, possibly mediated by decreases in plasma IGF-I and T3. ?? 2008 Elsevier Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"General and Comparative Endocrinology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2008.05.014","issn":"00166480","usgsCitation":"Monette, M., Bjornsson, B.T., and McCormick, S., 2008, Effects of short-term acid and aluminum exposure on the parr-smolt transformation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): Disruption of seawater tolerance and endocrine status: General and Comparative Endocrinology, v. 158, no. 1, p. 122-130, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2008.05.014.","startPage":"122","endPage":"130","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":18789,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2008.05.014"},{"id":203658,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"158","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a28e4b07f02db610e87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Monette, M.Y.","contributorId":77646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monette","given":"M.Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bjornsson, Bjorn Thrandur","contributorId":28928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bjornsson","given":"Bjorn","email":"","middleInitial":"Thrandur","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCormick, S. D. 0000-0003-0621-6200","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":20278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"S. D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":345437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70000491,"text":"70000491 - 2008 - Citronelle Dome: A giant opportunity for multizone carbon storage and enhanced oil recovery in the Mississippi Interior Salt Basin of Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:37","indexId":"70000491","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1541,"text":"Environmental Geosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Citronelle Dome: A giant opportunity for multizone carbon storage and enhanced oil recovery in the Mississippi Interior Salt Basin of Alabama","docAbstract":"The Citronelle Dome is a giant, salt-cored anticline in the eastern Mississippi Interior Salt Basin of southern Alabama that is located near several large-scale, stationary, carbon-emitting sources in the greater Mobile area. The dome forms an elliptical, four-way structural closure containing opportunities for CO2-enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) and large-capacity saline reservoir CO2 sequestration. The Citronelle oil field, located on the crest of the dome, has produced more than 169 million bbl of 42-46?? API gravity oil from sandstone bodies in the Lower Cretaceous Rodessa Formation. The top seal for the oil accumulation is a thick succession of shale and anhydrite, and the reservoir is underfilled such that oil-water contacts are typically elevated 30-60 m (100-200 ft) above the structural spill point. Approximately 31-34% of the original oil in place has been recovered by primary and secondary methods, and CO2-EOR has the potential to increase reserves by up to 20%. Structural contour maps of the dome demonstrate that the area of structural closure increases upward in section. Sandstone units providing prospective carbon sinks include the Massive and Pilot sands of the lower Tuscaloosa Group, as well as several sandstone units in the upper Tuscaloosa Group and the Eutaw Formation. Many of these sandstone units are characterized by high porosity and permeability with low heterogeneity. The Tuscaloosa-Eutaw interval is capped by up to 610 m (2000 ft) of chalk and marine shale that are proven reservoir seals in nearby oil fields. Therefore, the Citronelle Dome can be considered a major geologic sink where CO2 can be safely stored while realizing the economic benefits associated with CO2-EOR. Copyright ?? 2008. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists/Division of Environmental Geosciences. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1306/eg.07250707012","issn":"10759565","usgsCitation":"Esposito, R., Pashin, J., and Walsh, P., 2008, Citronelle Dome: A giant opportunity for multizone carbon storage and enhanced oil recovery in the Mississippi Interior Salt Basin of Alabama: Environmental Geosciences, v. 15, no. 2, p. 53-62, https://doi.org/10.1306/eg.07250707012.","startPage":"53","endPage":"62","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203768,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18902,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1306/eg.07250707012"}],"volume":"15","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d9e4b07f02db5dfe7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Esposito, R.A.","contributorId":56779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esposito","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pashin, J.C.","contributorId":41897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pashin","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walsh, P.M.","contributorId":48295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70000332,"text":"70000332 - 2008 - Population structure of the alligator snapping turtle, macrochelys temminckii, on the western edge of its distribution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:34","indexId":"70000332","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1210,"text":"Chelonian Conservation and Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population structure of the alligator snapping turtle, macrochelys temminckii, on the western edge of its distribution","docAbstract":"A mark-recapture project on Macrochelys temminckii was conducted between 1997 and 2000 at Sequoyah National Wildlife Refuge, Muskogee and Sequoyah counties, in eastern Oklahoma. Turtles were captured in all streams and exhibited equal sex ratios, marked sexual-size dimorphism, and population densities between 28 and 34 animals per km stretch of stream. There was evidence of past population perturbations, with very few large adults captured, and a cohort of subadults highly underrepresented. ?? 2008 Chelonian Research Foundation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chelonian Conservation and Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2744/CCB-0646.1","issn":"10718443","usgsCitation":"Riedle, J., Shipman, P., Fox, S.F., Hackler, J., and Lesie, D., 2008, Population structure of the alligator snapping turtle, macrochelys temminckii, on the western edge of its distribution: Chelonian Conservation and Biology, v. 7, no. 1, p. 100-104, https://doi.org/10.2744/CCB-0646.1.","startPage":"100","endPage":"104","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":495015,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2744/ccb-0646.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":18797,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2744/CCB-0646.1"},{"id":203594,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db683e5c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riedle, J.D.","contributorId":87269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riedle","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shipman, P.A.","contributorId":75670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shipman","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fox, S. F.","contributorId":100984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fox","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hackler, J.C.","contributorId":105835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackler","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lesie, D.M. Jr.","contributorId":27172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lesie","given":"D.M.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70000344,"text":"70000344 - 2008 - Soil morphology of a debris flow chronosequence in a coniferous forest, southern California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:36","indexId":"70000344","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1760,"text":"Geoderma","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soil morphology of a debris flow chronosequence in a coniferous forest, southern California, USA","docAbstract":"Soils on a series of debris flow deposits, ranging from < 1 to 244??years old, were described and sampled in order to investigate the early stages of soil development. The parent material at the site is debris flow regolith, composed mainly of gneiss, the soil moisture regime is xeric, and the vegetation is mixed coniferous forest. Ages of the deposits were assessed using dendrochronology. Morphologic trends in the organic horizons included a thickening of the humus form over time, along with the development of Fm and Hr horizons. The humus forms underwent a progression from Mormodors (20??years old), to Hemimors (26-101??years old), and finally Lignomors (163??years old) and Resimors (184-244??years old). Changes in physical properties of the uppermost mineral horizons as a function of increasing age included a decrease in the volume of coarse fragments, a linear decrease in bulk density, and a darkening and reddening of the soil color. No significant soil development took place in the subsoil during the time span of this chronosequence. The soils described were classified as Typic Xerofluvents and Typic Xerorthents (Regosols and Leptosols). Buried A horizons were observed in many of the soils. Where the A horizons could be linked to dendrochronology to assess the age of the buried surface, we found that the properties of the buried A horizons do not serve as a good indicator of the age of the surface. This study suggests rapid development of the humus form profile (organic horizons and A horizon) following debris flow deposition and rapid degradation of these horizons when the debris flow surface is buried. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geoderma","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2008.05.012","issn":"00167061","usgsCitation":"Turk, J., Goforth, B., Graham, R., and Kendrick, K., 2008, Soil morphology of a debris flow chronosequence in a coniferous forest, southern California, USA: Geoderma, v. 146, no. 1-2, p. 157-165, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2008.05.012.","startPage":"157","endPage":"165","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":18807,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2008.05.012"},{"id":203520,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"146","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49efe4b07f02db5edb2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Turk, J.K.","contributorId":82830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turk","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goforth, B.R.","contributorId":74857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goforth","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Graham, R.C.","contributorId":33740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kendrick, K.J. 0000-0002-9839-6861","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9839-6861","contributorId":48595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendrick","given":"K.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70000313,"text":"70000313 - 2008 - North polar region of Mars: Advances in stratigraphy, structure, and erosional modification","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-11T08:41:00","indexId":"70000313","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"North polar region of Mars: Advances in stratigraphy, structure, and erosional modification","docAbstract":"

We have remapped the geology of the north polar plateau on Mars, Planum Boreum, and the surrounding plains of Vastitas Borealis using altimetry and image data along with thematic maps resulting from observations made by the Mars Global Surveyor, Mars Odyssey, Mars Express, and Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft. New and revised geographic and geologic terminologies assist with effectively discussing the various features of this region. We identify 7 geologic units making up Planum Boreum and at least 3 for the circumpolar plains, which collectively span the entire Amazonian Period. The Planum Boreum units resolve at least 6 distinct depositional and 5 erosional episodes. The first major stage of activity includes the Early Amazonian (∼3 to 1 Ga) deposition (and subsequent erosion) of the thick (locally exceeding 1000 m) and evenly-layered Rupes Tenuis unit (Abrt), which ultimately formed approximately half of the base of Planum Boreum. As previously suggested, this unit may be sourced by materials derived from the nearby Scandia region, and we interpret that it may correlate with the deposits that regionally underlie pedestal craters in the surrounding lowland plains. The second major episode of activity during the Middle to Late Amazonian (&#x223C;&lt;\">∼<1 Ga) began with a section of dark, sand-rich and light-toned ice-rich irregularly-bedded sequences (Planum Boreum cavi unit, Abbc) along with deposition of evenly-bedded light-toned ice- and moderate-toned dust-rich layers (Planum Boreum 1 unit, Abb1). These units have transgressive and gradational stratigraphic relationships. Materials in Olympia Planum underlying the dunes of Olympia Undae are interpreted to consist mostly of the Planum Boreum cavi unit (Abbc). Planum Boreum materials were then deeply eroded to form spiral troughs, Chasma Boreale, and marginal scarps that define the major aspects of the polar plateau's current regional topography. Locally- to regionally-extensive (though vertically minor) episodes of deposition of evenly-bedded, light- and dark-toned layered materials and subsequent erosion of these materials persisted throughout the Late Amazonian. Sand saltation, including dune migration, is likely to account for much of the erosion of Planum Boreum, particularly at its margin, alluding to the lengthy sedimentological history of the circum-polar dune fields. Such erosion has been controlled largely by topographic effects on wind patterns and the variable resistance to erosion of materials (fresh and altered) and physiographic features. Some present-day dune fields may be hundreds of kilometers removed from possible sources along the margins of Planum Boreum, and dark materials, comprised of sand sheets, extend even farther downwind. These deposits also attest to the lengthy period of erosion following emplacement of the Planum Boreum 1 unit. We find no evidence for extensive glacial flow, topographic relaxation, or basal melting of Planum Boreum materials. However, minor development of normal faults and wrinkle ridges may suggest differential compaction of materials across buried scarps. Timing relations are poorly-defined mostly because resurfacing and other uncertainties prohibit precise determinations of surface impact crater densities. The majority of the stratigraphic record may predate the recent (<20 Ma) part of the orbitally-driven climate record that can be reliably calculated. Given the strong stratigraphic but loose temporal constraints of the north polar geologic record, a comparison of north and south polar stratigraphy permits a speculative scenario in which major Amazonian depositional and erosional episodes driven by global climate activity is plausible.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2008.01.021","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Tanaka, K.L., Rodriguez, J.A., Skinner, J., Bourke, M.C., Fortezzo, C.M., Herkenhoff, K.E., Kolb, E.J., and Okubo, C., 2008, North polar region of Mars: Advances in stratigraphy, structure, and erosional modification: Icarus, v. 196, no. 2, p. 318-358, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2008.01.021.","productDescription":"41 p.","startPage":"318","endPage":"358","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203692,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars; Planum Boreum; Vastitas Borealis","volume":"196","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db696d03","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tanaka, Kenneth L. ktanaka@usgs.gov","contributorId":610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanaka","given":"Kenneth","email":"ktanaka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":345414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodriguez, J. Alexis P.","contributorId":84181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Alexis P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Skinner, James A. 0000-0002-3644-7010 jskinner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3644-7010","contributorId":3187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skinner","given":"James A.","email":"jskinner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":345419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bourke, Mary C.","contributorId":105992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bourke","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fortezzo, Corey M. 0000-0001-8188-5530 cfortezzo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8188-5530","contributorId":25383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fortezzo","given":"Corey","email":"cfortezzo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":130,"text":"Astrogeology Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":345415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. 0000-0002-3153-6663 kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-6663","contributorId":2275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkenhoff","given":"Kenneth","email":"kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":345417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kolb, Eric J.","contributorId":97823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolb","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Okubo, Chris 0000-0001-9776-8128 cokubo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9776-8128","contributorId":174209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okubo","given":"Chris","email":"cokubo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":345420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70000163,"text":"70000163 - 2008 - A national reconnaissance for pharmaceuticals and other organic wastewater contaminants in the United States - II) Untreated drinking water sources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T08:09:22","indexId":"70000163","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A national reconnaissance for pharmaceuticals and other organic wastewater contaminants in the United States - II) Untreated drinking water sources","docAbstract":"

Numerous studies have shown that a variety of manufactured and natural organic compounds such as pharmaceuticals, steroids, surfactants, flame retardants, fragrances, plasticizers and other chemicals often associated with wastewaters have been detected in the vicinity of municipal wastewater discharges and livestock agricultural facilities. To provide new data and insights about the environmental presence of some of these chemicals in untreated sources of drinking water in the United States targeted sites were sampled and analyzed for 100 analytes with sub-parts per billion detection capabilities. The sites included 25 ground- and 49 surface-water sources of drinking water serving populations ranging from one family to over 8 million people.

\n

Sixty-three of the 100 targeted chemicals were detected in at least one water sample. Interestingly, in spite of the low detection levels 60% of the 36 pharmaceuticals (including prescription drugs and antibiotics) analyzed were not detected in any water sample. The five most frequently detected chemicals targeted in surface water were: cholesterol (59%, natural sterol), metolachlor (53%, herbicide), cotinine (51%, nicotine metabolite), β-sitosterol (37%, natural plant sterol), and 1,7-dimethylxanthine (27%, caffeine metabolite); and in ground water: tetrachloroethylene (24%, solvent), carbamazepine (20%, pharmaceutical), bisphenol-A (20%, plasticizer), 1,7-dimethylxanthine (16%, caffeine metabolite), and tri (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (12%, fire retardant). A median of 4 compounds were detected per site indicating that the targeted chemicals generally occur in mixtures (commonly near detection levels) in the environment and likely originate from a variety of animal and human uses and waste sources. These data will help prioritize and determine the need, if any, for future occurrence, fate and transport, and health-effects research for subsets of these chemicals and their degradates most likely to be found in water resources used for drinking water in the United States.

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T.","contributorId":92279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zaugg, S.D.","contributorId":82811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zaugg","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Barber, L. B.","contributorId":64602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Thurman, M.E.","contributorId":27176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"M.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70000494,"text":"70000494 - 2008 - Landuse legacies and small streams: Identifying relationships between historical land use and contemporary stream conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:36","indexId":"70000494","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:21","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2564,"text":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","onlineIssn":"1937-237X","printIssn":"0887-3593","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landuse legacies and small streams: Identifying relationships between historical land use and contemporary stream conditions","docAbstract":"The concept of landscape legacies has been examined extensively in terrestrial ecosystems and has led to a greater understanding of contemporary ecosystem processes. However, although stream ecosystems are tightly coupled with their catchments and, thus, probably are affected strongly by historical catchment conditions, few studies have directly examined the importance of landuse legacies on streams. We examined relationships between historical land use (1944) and contemporary (2000-2003) stream physical, chemical, and biological conditions after accounting for the influences of contemporary land use (1999) and natural landscape (catchment size) variation in 12 small streams at Fort Benning, Georgia, USA. Most stream variables showed strong relationships with contemporary land use and catchment size; however, after accounting for these factors, residual variation in many variables remained significantly related to historical land use. Residual variation in benthic particulate organic matter, diatom density, % of diatoms in Eunotia spp., fish density in runs, and whole-stream gross primary productivity correlated negatively, whereas streamwater pH correlated positively, with residual variation in fraction of disturbed land in catchments in 1944 (i.e., bare ground and unpaved road cover). Residual variation in % recovering land (i.e., early successional vegetation) in 1944 was correlated positively with residual variation in streambed instability, a macroinvertebrate biotic index, and fish richness, but correlated negatively with residual variation in most benthic macroinvertebrate metrics examined (e.g., Chironomidae and total richness, Shannon diversity). In contrast, residual variation in whole-stream respiration rates was not explained by historical land use. Our results suggest that historical land use continues to influence important physical and chemical variables in these streams, and in turn, probably influences associated biota. Beyond providing insight into biotic interactions and their associations with environmental conditions, identification of landuse legacies also will improve understanding of stream impairment in contemporary minimally disturbed catchments, enabling more accurate assessment of reference conditions in studies of biotic integrity and restoration. ?? 2008 by The North American Benthological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1899/07-070.1","issn":"08873593","usgsCitation":"Maloney, K., Feminella, J., Mitchell, R., Miller, S., Mulholland, P.J., and Houser, J., 2008, Landuse legacies and small streams: Identifying relationships between historical land use and contemporary stream conditions: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 27, no. 2, p. 280-294, https://doi.org/10.1899/07-070.1.","startPage":"280","endPage":"294","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203402,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18904,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1899/07-070.1"}],"volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a9155","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maloney, K.O. 0000-0003-2304-0745","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2304-0745","contributorId":105414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maloney","given":"K.O.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":346047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feminella, J.W.","contributorId":50269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feminella","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mitchell, R.M.","contributorId":28721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, S.A.","contributorId":66389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mulholland, P. J.","contributorId":89081,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mulholland","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Houser, J.N.","contributorId":91603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houser","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70000483,"text":"70000483 - 2008 - Induced dynamic nonlinear ground response at Gamer Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:33","indexId":"70000483","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:21","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Induced dynamic nonlinear ground response at Gamer Valley, California","docAbstract":"We present results from a prototype experiment in which we actively induce, observe, and quantify in situ nonlinear sediment response in the near surface. This experiment was part of a suite of experiments conducted during August 2004 in Garner Valley, California, using a large mobile shaker truck from the Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES) facility. We deployed a dense accelerometer array within meters of the mobile shaker truck to replicate a controlled, laboratory-style soil dynamics experiment in order to observe wave-amplitude-dependent sediment properties. Ground motion exceeding 1g acceleration was produced near the shaker truck. The wave field was dominated by Rayleigh surface waves and ground motions were strong enough to produce observable nonlinear changes in wave velocity. We found that as the force load of the shaker increased, the Rayleigh-wave phase velocity decreased by as much as ???30% at the highest frequencies used (up to 30 Hz). Phase velocity dispersion curves were inverted for S-wave velocity as a function of depth using a simple isotropic elastic model to estimate the depth dependence of changes to the velocity structure. The greatest change in velocity occurred nearest the surface, within the upper 4 m. These estimated S-wave velocity values were used with estimates of surface strain to compare with laboratory-based shear modulus reduction measurements from the same site. Our results suggest that it may be possible to characterize nonlinear soil properties in situ using a noninvasive field technique.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120070124","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Lawrence, Z., Bodin, P., Langston, C., Pearce, F., Gomberg, J., Johnson, P., Menq, F., and Brackman, T., 2008, Induced dynamic nonlinear ground response at Gamer Valley, California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 98, no. 3, p. 1412-1428, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120070124.","startPage":"1412","endPage":"1428","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476529,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2152/43261","text":"External Repository"},{"id":203501,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18897,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120070124"}],"volume":"98","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db68623f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lawrence, Z.","contributorId":12962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bodin, P.","contributorId":29554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodin","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Langston, C.A.","contributorId":84882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langston","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pearce, F.","contributorId":73322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearce","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gomberg, J.","contributorId":95994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomberg","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Johnson, P.A.","contributorId":91220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Menq, F.-Y.","contributorId":90024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Menq","given":"F.-Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Brackman, T.","contributorId":70904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brackman","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70000489,"text":"70000489 - 2008 - Climatically driven loss of calcium in steppe soil as a sink for atmospheric carbon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:33","indexId":"70000489","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:21","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1836,"text":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climatically driven loss of calcium in steppe soil as a sink for atmospheric carbon","docAbstract":"During the last several thousand years the semi-arid, cold climate of the Russian steppe formed highly fertile soils rich in organic carbon and calcium (classified as Chernozems in the Russian system). Analysis of archived soil samples collected in Kemannaya Steppe Preserve in 1920, 1947, 1970, and fresh samples collected in 1998 indicated that the native steppe Chernozems, however, lost 17-28 kg m-2 of calcium in the form of carbonates in 1970-1998. Here we demonstrate that the loss of calcium was caused by fundamental shift in the steppe hydrologic balance. Previously unleached soils where precipitation was less than potential evapotranspiration are now being leached due to increased precipitation and, possibly, due to decreased actual evapotranspiration. Because this region receives low levels of acidic deposition, the dissolution of carbonates involves the consumption of atmospheric CO2. Our estimates indicate that this climatically driven terrestrial sink of atmospheric CO2 is ???2.1-7.4 g C m-2 a-1. In addition to the net sink of atmospheric carbon, leaching of pedogenic carbonates significantly amplified seasonal amplitude of CO2 exchange between atmosphere and steppe soil. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2007GB003077","issn":"08866236","usgsCitation":"Lapenis, A., Lawrence, G., Bailey, S., Aparin, B., Shiklomanov, A., Speranskaya, N., Torn, M., and Calef, M., 2008, Climatically driven loss of calcium in steppe soil as a sink for atmospheric carbon: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 22, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GB003077.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203620,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18900,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007GB003077"}],"volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de116","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lapenis, A.G.","contributorId":85701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lapenis","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lawrence, G.B. 0000-0002-8035-2350","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-2350","contributorId":76347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"G.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bailey, S.W.","contributorId":29113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aparin, B.F.","contributorId":24899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aparin","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shiklomanov, A.I.","contributorId":66394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shiklomanov","given":"A.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Speranskaya, N.A.","contributorId":65972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Speranskaya","given":"N.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Torn, M.S.","contributorId":35051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torn","given":"M.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Calef, M.","contributorId":82443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calef","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70000505,"text":"70000505 - 2008 - Drift dynamics of larval pallid sturgeon and shovelnose sturgeon in a natural side channel of the Upper Missouri River, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:36","indexId":"70000505","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:21","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Drift dynamics of larval pallid sturgeon and shovelnose sturgeon in a natural side channel of the Upper Missouri River, Montana","docAbstract":"The drift dynamics of larval shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus (1, 2, 6, and 10 d posthatch [dph]) and pallid sturgeon S. albus (1, 2, 5, 9, 11, and 17 dph) were examined in a natural side channel of the Missouri River to quantify the vertical drift location of larvae in the water column, determine the drift velocity of larvae relative to water velocity, and simulate the cumulative distance (km) drifted by larvae during ontogenetic development. Larvae were released at the side-channel inlet and sampled at points 100, 500, 900, and 1,300 m downstream. Larvae drifted primarily near the riverbed, as 58-79% of recaptured shovelnose sturgeon and 63-89% of recaptured pallid sturgeon were sampled in the lower 0.5 m of the water column. The transition from the drifting to the benthic life stage was initiated at 6 dph (mean length, 15.6 mm) for shovelnose sturgeon and at 11-17 dph (mean length, 18.1-20.3 mm) for pallid sturgeon. Across ages, the drift rates of larval shovelnose sturgeon averaged 0.09-0.16 m/s slower than the mean water column velocity. The drift rates of pallid sturgeon were similar to or slightly slower (0.03-0.07 m/s) than the mean water column velocity for 1-11-dph larvae. Conversely, 17-dph larval pallid sturgeon dispersed downstream at a much slower rate (mean, 0.20 m/s slower than the mean water column velocity) owing to their transition to benthic habitats. Drift simulations indicated that the average larval shovelnose sturgeon may drift from 94 to 250 km and the average larval pallid sturgeon may drift from 245 to 530 km, depending on water velocity. Differences in larval drift dynamics between species provide a possible explanation for differences in recruitment between shovelnose sturgeon and pallid sturgeon in the upper Missouri River. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/M06-285.1","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Braaten, P., Fuller, D., Holte, L., Lott, R., Viste, W., Brandt, T., and Legare, R., 2008, Drift dynamics of larval pallid sturgeon and shovelnose sturgeon in a natural side channel of the Upper Missouri River, Montana: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 28, no. 3, p. 808-826, https://doi.org/10.1577/M06-285.1.","startPage":"808","endPage":"826","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476531,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1577/m06-285.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":203479,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18912,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M06-285.1"}],"volume":"28","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a52e4b07f02db62abcb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Braaten, P.J.","contributorId":98857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braaten","given":"P.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuller, D.B.","contributorId":74116,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fuller","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5099,"text":"Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Parks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":346078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holte, L.D.","contributorId":24073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holte","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lott, R.D.","contributorId":93172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lott","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Viste, W.","contributorId":32656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Viste","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brandt, T.F.","contributorId":72912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandt","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Legare, R.G.","contributorId":15323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Legare","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70000477,"text":"70000477 - 2008 - Using bioenergetics modeling to estimate consumption of native juvenile salmonids by nonnative northern pike in the Upper Flathead River System, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-22T10:13:17","indexId":"70000477","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:21","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using bioenergetics modeling to estimate consumption of native juvenile salmonids by nonnative northern pike in the Upper Flathead River System, Montana","docAbstract":"

Introductions of nonnative northern pike Esox lucius have created recreational fisheries in many waters in the United States and Canada, yet many studies have shown that introduced northern pike may alter the composition and structure of fish communities through predation. We estimated the abundance of nonnative northern pike (2002-2003) and applied food habits data (1999-2003) to estimate their annual consumption of native bull trout Salvelinus confluentus and westslope cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi juveniles in the upper Flathead River system, Montana. Population estimates were generally consistent among years and ranged from 1,200 to 1,300 individuals. Westslope cutthroat trout were present in the diet of younger (???600 mm) and older (>600 mm) northern pike during all seasons and bull trout were found only in larger northern pike during all seasons but summer. Bioenergetics modeling estimated that the northern pike population annually consumed a total of 8.0 metric tons (mt) of fish flesh; the highest biomass was composed of cyprinids (4.95 mt) followed by whitefishes Prosopium spp. (1.02 mt), bull trout (0.80 mt), westslope cutthroat trout (0.68 mt), yellow perch Perca flavescens (0.41 mt),1 and other fishes (centrarchids and cottids; 0.14 mt). Numerically, the northern pike population consumed more than 342,000 fish; cyprinids and catostomids comprised approximately 82% of prey fish (278,925), whereas over 13,000 westslope cutthroat trout and nearly 3,500 bull trout were eaten, comprising about 5% of the prey consumed. Our results suggest that predation by introduced northern pike is contributing to the lower abundance of native salmonids in the system and that a possible benefit might accrue to native salmonids by reducing these predatory interactions. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2008.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/M07-004.1","usgsCitation":"Muhlfeld, C., Bennett, D., Kirk, S.R., Marotz, B., and Boyer, M., 2008, Using bioenergetics modeling to estimate consumption of native juvenile salmonids by nonnative northern pike in the Upper Flathead River System, Montana: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 28, no. 3, p. 636-648, https://doi.org/10.1577/M07-004.1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"636","endPage":"648","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203394,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18891,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M07-004.1"}],"volume":"28","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adfe4b07f02db6879d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhlfeld, C.C.","contributorId":97850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhlfeld","given":"C.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bennett, D.H.","contributorId":28698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"D.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kirk, Steinhorst R.","contributorId":74114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"Steinhorst","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marotz, B.","contributorId":48684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marotz","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boyer, M.","contributorId":80390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyer","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70000512,"text":"70000512 - 2008 - Mangrove production and carbon sinks: A revision of global budget estimates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:38","indexId":"70000512","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:21","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1836,"text":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mangrove production and carbon sinks: A revision of global budget estimates","docAbstract":"Mangrove forests are highly productive but globally threatened coastal ecosystems, whose role in the carbon budget of the coastal zone has long been debated. Here we provide a comprehensive synthesis of the available data on carbon fluxes in mangrove ecosystems. A reassessment of global mangrove primary production from the literature results in a conservative estimate of ???-218 ?? 72 Tg C a-1. When using the best available estimates of various carbon sinks (organic carbon export, sediment burial, and mineralization), it appears that >50% of the carbon fixed by mangrove vegetation is unaccounted for. This unaccounted carbon sink is conservatively estimated at ??? 112 ?? 85 Tg C a-1, equivalent in magnitude to ??? 30-40% of the global riverine organic carbon input to the coastal zone. Our analysis suggests that mineralization is severely underestimated, and that the majority of carbon export from mangroves to adjacent waters occurs as dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). CO2 efflux from sediments and creek waters and tidal export of DIC appear to be the major sinks. These processes are quantitatively comparable in magnitude to the unaccounted carbon sink in current budgets, but are not yet adequately constrained with the limited published data available so far. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2007GB003052","issn":"08866236","usgsCitation":"Bouillon, S., Borges, A., Castaneda-Moya, E., Diele, K., Dittmar, T., Duke, N., Kristensen, E., Lee, S., Marchand, C., Middelburg, J.J., Rivera-Monroy, V., Smith, T.J., and Twilley, R., 2008, Mangrove production and carbon sinks: A revision of global budget estimates: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 22, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GB003052.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476535,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007gb003052","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":203589,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18917,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007GB003052"}],"volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64ade7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bouillon, S.","contributorId":12165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bouillon","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Borges, A.V.","contributorId":83648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borges","given":"A.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Castaneda-Moya, E.","contributorId":7814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castaneda-Moya","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Diele, K.","contributorId":64373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diele","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dittmar, T.","contributorId":27986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dittmar","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Duke, N.C.","contributorId":8597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duke","given":"N.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kristensen, E.","contributorId":49907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kristensen","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lee, S.-Y.","contributorId":75669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"S.-Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Marchand, C.","contributorId":13728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marchand","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Middelburg, J. J.","contributorId":105417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middelburg","given":"J.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Rivera-Monroy, V. H.","contributorId":83243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rivera-Monroy","given":"V. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Smith, T. J. III","contributorId":24303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"T.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Twilley, R.R.","contributorId":94647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twilley","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70000514,"text":"70000514 - 2008 - Low reservoir ages for the surface ocean from mid-Holocene Florida corals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:38","indexId":"70000514","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:21","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3002,"text":"Paleoceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Low reservoir ages for the surface ocean from mid-Holocene Florida corals","docAbstract":"The 14C reservoir age of the surface ocean was determined for two Holocene periods (4908-4955 and 3008-3066 calendar (cal) B.P.) using U/Th-dated corals from Biscayne National Park, Florida, United States. We found that the average reservoir ages for these two time periods (294 ?? 33 and 291 ?? 27 years, respectively) were lower than the average value between A.D. 1600 and 1900 (390 ?? 60 years) from corals. It appears that the surface ocean was closer to isotopic equilibrium with CO2 in the atmosphere during these two time periods than it was during recent times. Seasonal ??18O measurements from the younger coral are similar to modern values, suggesting that mixing with open ocean waters was indeed occurring during this coral's lifetime. Likely explanations for the lower reservoir age include increased stratification of the surface ocean or increased ??14C values of subsurface waters that mix into the surface. Our results imply that a more correct reservoir age correction for radiocarbon measurements of marine samples in this location from the time periods ???3040 and ???4930 cal years B.P. is ???292 ?? 30 years, less than the canonical value of 404 ?? 20 years. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Paleoceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2007PA001527","issn":"08838305","usgsCitation":"Druffel, E., Robinson, L., Griffin, S., Halley, R.B., Southon, J.R., and Adkins, J., 2008, Low reservoir ages for the surface ocean from mid-Holocene Florida corals: Paleoceanography, v. 23, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007PA001527.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476633,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007pa001527","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":203333,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18918,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007PA001527"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640c0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Druffel, E.R.M.","contributorId":7398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Druffel","given":"E.R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinson, L.F.","contributorId":75256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"L.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Griffin, S.","contributorId":56357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Halley, R. B.","contributorId":87941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halley","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Southon, J. R.","contributorId":24895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Southon","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Adkins, J.F.","contributorId":90857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adkins","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70000517,"text":"70000517 - 2008 - Evaluating the effects of historical land cover change on summertime weather and climate in New Jersey: Land cover and surface energy budget changes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-18T16:55:15.838611","indexId":"70000517","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:21","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7442,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating the effects of historical land cover change on summertime weather and climate in New Jersey: Land cover and surface energy budget changes","docAbstract":"The 19th-century agrarian landscape of New Jersey (NJ) and the surrounding region has been extensively transformed to the present-day land cover by urbanization, reforestation, and localized areas of deforestation. This study used a mesoscale atmospheric numerical model to investigate the sensitivity of the warm season climate of NJ to these land cover changes. Reconstructed 1880s-era and present-day land cover data sets were used as surface boundary conditions for a set of simulations performed with the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS). Three-member ensembles with historical and present-day land cover were compared to examine the sensitivity of surface air and dew point temperatures, rainfall, and the individual components of the surface energy budget to these land cover changes. Mean temperatures for the present-day landscape were 0.3-0.6??C warmer than for the historical landscape over a considerable portion of NJ and the surrounding region, with daily maximum temperatures at least 1.0??C warmer over some of the highly urbanized locations. Reforested regions, however, were slightly cooler. Dew point temperatures decreased by 0.3-0.6??C, suggesting drier, less humid near-surface air for the present-day landscape. Surface warming was generally associated with repartitioning of net radiation from latent to sensible heat flux, and conversely for cooling. While urbanization was accompanied by strong surface albedo decreases and increases in net shortwave radiation, reforestation and potential changes in forest composition have generally increased albedos and also enhanced landscape heterogeneity. The increased deciduousness of forests may have further reduced net downward longwave radiation. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2007JD008514","usgsCitation":"Wichansky, P.S., Steyaert, L.T., Walko, R.L., and Waever, C.P., 2008, Evaluating the effects of historical land cover change on summertime weather and climate in New Jersey: Land cover and surface energy budget changes: Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, v. 113, no. 10, D10107, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD008514.","productDescription":"D10107, 25 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476538,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007jd008514","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":203627,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New 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