When waterfowl (Anatidae) ingest sediment as they feed, they are exposed to the environmental contaminants in those sediments. The rate of ingestion may be key to assessing environmental risk. Rates of sediment ingestion were estimated as from <2% to 22% in 16 species of waterfowl collected in the northeastern United States. The piscivorous red-breasted merganser (Mergus serrator) ingested sediment at the lowest rate and the benthos-feeding canvasback (Aythya valisineria) at the highest rate. Sediment ingestion rates were related to diet and to the sediments where waterfowl fed. Waterfowl ingested the least sediment from hard-bottomed habitats with fast-moving water and ingested the most sediment from soft-bottomed areas with slow-moving water. Understanding the greater hazards from contaminants associated with low-flow habitats may help in prioritizing sites to be remediated. The tundra swan (Cygnus columbianus), which ingests sediment at an estimated 8.4% of its diet, dry weight, is suggested as a potential generic model for use in environmental risk assessments designed to protect waterfowl.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1897/IEAM_2007-069.1","usgsCitation":"Beyer, W.N., Perry, M., and Osenton, P.C., 2008, Sediment ingestion rates in waterfowl (Anatidae) and their use in environmental risk assessment: Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, v. 4, no. 2, p. 246-251, https://doi.org/10.1897/IEAM_2007-069.1.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"246","endPage":"251","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202099,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685b17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beyer, W. Nelson 0000-0002-8911-9141 nbeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8911-9141","contributorId":3301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beyer","given":"W.","email":"nbeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Nelson","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":342947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perry, Matthew C. 0000-0001-6452-9534","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6452-9534","contributorId":91601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Matthew C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":342945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Osenton, Peter C.","contributorId":174040,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Osenton","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5224858,"text":"5224858 - 2008 - Effect of climate fluctuations on long-term vegetation dynamics in Carolina bay wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:31","indexId":"5224858","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:33","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of climate fluctuations on long-term vegetation dynamics in Carolina bay wetlands","docAbstract":"Carolina bays and similar depression wetlands of the U.S. Southeastern Coastal Plain have hydrologic regimes that are driven primarily by rainfall. Therefore, climate fluctuations such as drought cycles have the potential to shape long-term vegetation dynamics. Models suggest two potential long-term responses to hydrologic fluctuations, either cyclic change maintaining open emergent vegetation, or directional succession toward forest vegetation. In seven Carolina bay wetlands on the Savannah River Site, South Carolina, we assessed hydrologic variation and vegetation response over a 15-year period spanning two drought and reinundation cycles. Changes in pond stage (water depth) were monitored bi-weekly to monthly each year from 1989?2003. Vegetation composition was sampled in three years (1989, 1993, and 2003) and analyzed in relation to changes in hydrologic conditions. Multi-year droughts occurred prior to the 1989 and 2003 sampling years, whereas 1993 coincided with a wet period. Wetland plant species generally maintained dominance after both wet and dry conditions, but the abundances of different plant growth forms and species indicator categories shifted over the 15-year period. Decreased hydroperiods and water depths during droughts led to increased cover of grass, upland, and woody species, particularly at the shallower wetland margins. Conversely, reinundation and longer hydroperiods resulted in expansion of aquatic and emergent species and reduced the cover of flood-intolerant woody and upland species. These semi-permanent Upper Coastal Plain bays generally exhibited cyclic vegetation dynamics in response to climate fluctuation, with wet periods favoring dominance by herbaceous species. Large basin morphology and deep ponding, paired with surrounding upland forest dominated by flood-intolerant pines, were features contributing to persistence of herbaceous vegetation. Drought cycles may promote directional succession to forest in bays that are smaller, shallower, or colonized by flood-tolerant hardwoods.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6914_Stroh.pdf","usgsCitation":"Stroh, C., De Steven, D., and Guntenspergen, G., 2008, Effect of climate fluctuations on long-term vegetation dynamics in Carolina bay wetlands: Wetlands, v. 28, no. 1, p. 17-27.","productDescription":"17-27","startPage":"17","endPage":"27","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201919,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16900,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1672%2F06-117.1","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"28","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db62574d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stroh, C.L.","contributorId":77273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stroh","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"De Steven, D.","contributorId":55123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Steven","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guntenspergen, G.R. 0000-0002-8593-0244","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8593-0244","contributorId":95424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guntenspergen","given":"G.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5220953,"text":"5220953 - 2008 - Freeze-frame fruit selection by birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-11T10:18:06","indexId":"5220953","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3784,"text":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Freeze-frame fruit selection by birds","docAbstract":"The choice of fruits by an avian frugivore is affected by choices it makes at multiple hierarchical levels (e.g., species of fruit, individual tree, individual fruit). Factors that influence those choices vary among levels in the hierarchy and include characteristics of the environment, the tree, and the fruit itself. Feeding experiments with wild-caught birds were conducted at El Tirol, Departamento de Itapua, Paraguay to test whether birds were selecting among individual fruits based on fruit size. Feeding on larger fruits, which have proportionally more pulp, is generally more efficient than feeding on small fruits. In trials (n = 56) with seven species of birds in four families, birds selected larger fruits 86% of the time. However, in only six instances were size differences significant, which is likely a reflection of small sample sizes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1676/07-122.1","collaboration":"7061_Foster.pdf","usgsCitation":"Foster, M.S., 2008, Freeze-frame fruit selection by birds: Wilson Journal of Ornithology, v. 120, no. 4, p. 901-905, https://doi.org/10.1676/07-122.1.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"901","endPage":"905","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197089,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16964,"rank":200,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1676/07-122.1","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Paraguay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -62.64,-27.59 ], [ -62.64,-19.29 ], [ -54.26,-19.29 ], [ -54.26,-27.59 ], [ -62.64,-27.59 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"120","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4605","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foster, Mercedes S.","contributorId":72088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"Mercedes","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5224863,"text":"5224863 - 2008 - Hierarchical modeling of cluster size in wildlife surveys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-14T13:13:46","indexId":"5224863","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2151,"text":"Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hierarchical modeling of cluster size in wildlife surveys","docAbstract":"Clusters or groups of individuals are the fundamental unit of observation in many wildlife sampling problems, including aerial surveys of waterfowl, marine mammals, and ungulates. Explicit accounting of cluster size in models for estimating abundance is necessary because detection of individuals within clusters is not independent and detectability of clusters is likely to increase with cluster size. This induces a cluster size bias in which the average cluster size in the sample is larger than in the population at large. Thus, failure to account for the relationship between delectability and cluster size will tend to yield a positive bias in estimates of abundance or density. I describe a hierarchical modeling framework for accounting for cluster-size bias in animal sampling. The hierarchical model consists of models for the observation process conditional on the cluster size distribution and the cluster size distribution conditional on the total number of clusters. Optionally, a spatial model can be specified that describes variation in the total number of clusters per sample unit. Parameter estimation, model selection, and criticism may be carried out using conventional likelihood-based methods. An extension of the model is described for the situation where measurable covariates at the level of the sample unit are available. Several candidate models within the proposed class are evaluated for aerial survey data on mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6919_Royle.pdf","usgsCitation":"Royle, J., 2008, Hierarchical modeling of cluster size in wildlife surveys: Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics, v. 13, no. 1, p. 23-36.","productDescription":"23-36","startPage":"23","endPage":"36","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16903,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.amstat.org/doi/abs/10.1198/108571108X273188","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":202266,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db60518e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":96221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5224932,"text":"5224932 - 2008 - Managing visitor impacts in parks: A multi-method study of the effectiveness of alternative management practices","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-16T15:49:56","indexId":"5224932","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2416,"text":"Journal of Park and Recreation Administration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Managing visitor impacts in parks: A multi-method study of the effectiveness of alternative management practices","docAbstract":"How can recreation use be managed to control associated environmental impacts? What management practices are most effective and why? This study explored these and related questions through a series of experimental ?treatments? and associated ?controls? at the summit of Cadillac Mountain in Acadia National Park, a heavily used and environmentally fragile area. The treatments included five management practices designed to keep visitors on maintained trails, and these practices ranged from ?indirect? (information/education) to ?direct? (a fence bordering the trail). Research methods included unobtrusive observation of visitors to determine the percentage of visitors who walked off-trail and a follow-up visitor survey to explore why management practices did or didn?t work. All of the management practices reduced the percentage of visitors who walked off-trail. More aggressive applications of indirect practices were more effective than less aggressive applications, and the direct management practice of fencing was the most effective of all. None of the indirect management practices reduced walking off-trail to a degree that is likely to control damage to soil and vegetation at the study site. Study findings suggest that an integrated suite of direct and indirect management practices be implemented on Cadillac Mountain (and other, similar sites) that includes a) a regulation requiring visitors to stay on the maintained trail, b) enforcement of this regulation as needed, c) unobtrusive fencing along the margins of the trail, d) redesign of the trail to extend it, widen it in key places, and provide short spur trails to key ?photo points?, and e) an aggressive information/education program to inform visitors of the regulation to stay on the trail and the reasons for it. These recommendations are a manifestation of what may be an emerging principle of park and outdoor recreation management: intensive use requires intensive management.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Park and Recreation Administration","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"7045_Park.pdf","usgsCitation":"Park, L., Marion, J., Manning, R., Lawson, S., and Jacobi, C., 2008, Managing visitor impacts in parks: A multi-method study of the effectiveness of alternative management practices: Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, v. 26, no. 1, p. 97-121.","productDescription":"97-121","startPage":"97","endPage":"121","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201606,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269472,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://js.sagamorepub.com/jpra/article/view/1336"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64ac0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Park, L.O.","contributorId":50632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Park","given":"L.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marion, J. L. 0000-0003-2226-689X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2226-689X","contributorId":10888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marion","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Manning, R.E.","contributorId":39096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manning","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lawson, S.R.","contributorId":14083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawson","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jacobi, C.","contributorId":100504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobi","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70000495,"text":"70000495 - 2008 - Variability in triactinomyxon production from Tubifex tubifex populations from the same mitochondrial DNA lineage infected with Myxobolus cerebralis, the causative agent of whirling disease in salmonids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-29T12:18:35","indexId":"70000495","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-01T23:09:21","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2414,"text":"Journal of Parasitology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variability in triactinomyxon production from Tubifex tubifex populations from the same mitochondrial DNA lineage infected with Myxobolus cerebralis, the causative agent of whirling disease in salmonids","docAbstract":"Myxobolus cerebralis, the causative agent of whirling disease, infects both salmonid fish and an aquatic oligochaete, Tubifex tubifex. Although M. cerebralis has been detected in river drainages throughout the United States, disease severity among wild fish populations has been highly variable. Tubifex tubifex populations have been genetically characterized using sequences from the 16S mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) gene, the 18S ribosomal RNA gene, the internal transcribed spacer region 1 (ITS1), and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Our earlier work indicated that large differences in compatibility between the parasite and populations of T. tubifex may play a substantial role in the distribution of whirling disease and resulting mortality in different watersheds. In the present study, we examined 4 laboratory populations of T. tubifex belonging to 16S mtDNA lineage III and 1 population belonging to 16S mtDNA lineage I for triactinomyxon (TAM) production after infection with M. cerebralis myxospores. All 4 16S mtDNA lineage III populations produced TAMs, but statistically significant differences in TAM production were observed. Most individuals in the 16S mtDNA lineage III-infected populations produced TAMs. The 16S mtDNA lineage I population produced few TAMs. Further genetic characterization of the 16S mtDNA lineage III populations with RAPD markers indicated that populations producing similar levels of TAMs had more genetic similarity. ?? American Society of Parasitologists 2008.","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Parasitologists","doi":"10.1645/GE-1274R.1","issn":"00223395","usgsCitation":"Rasmussen, C., Zickovich, J., Winton, J., and Kerans, B., 2008, Variability in triactinomyxon production from Tubifex tubifex populations from the same mitochondrial DNA lineage infected with Myxobolus cerebralis, the causative agent of whirling disease in salmonids: Journal of Parasitology, v. 94, no. 3, p. 700-708, https://doi.org/10.1645/GE-1274R.1.","productDescription":"9 p. ","startPage":"700","endPage":"708","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":18905,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1645/GE-1274R.1"},{"id":203579,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602bd4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rasmussen, C.","contributorId":66392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rasmussen","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zickovich, J.","contributorId":28724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zickovich","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Winton, J. R. 0000-0002-3505-5509","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3505-5509","contributorId":82441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kerans, B.L.","contributorId":93610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kerans","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":98197,"text":"sir20095226 - 2008 - Potentiometric Surfaces and Changes in Groundwater Levels in Selected Bedrock Aquifers in the Twin Cities Metropolitan Area, March-August 2008 and 1988-2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:30","indexId":"sir20095226","displayToPublicDate":"2010-02-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5226","title":"Potentiometric Surfaces and Changes in Groundwater Levels in Selected Bedrock Aquifers in the Twin Cities Metropolitan Area, March-August 2008 and 1988-2008","docAbstract":"This report depicts potentiometric surfaces and groundwater- level changes in three aquifers that underlie the seven-county Twin Cities Metropolitan Area. Approximately 350 groundwater levels were measured in wells from the three aquifers-the Prairie du Chien-Jordan, the Franconia-Ironton-Galesville, and the Mount Simon-Hinckley aquifers-in March and August of 2008. The report presents maps, associated data tables, and 22 geographic information system datasets. The maps presented in this report show the potentiometric surfaces in March and August of 2008 for all three aquifers, groundwater-level changes from March to August 2008 for each aquifer, and revised potentiometric-surface contours for the winter of 1988-89 for the Prairie du Chien-Jordan and the Mount Simon-Hinckley aquifers, and the estimated long-term (winter of 1988-89 to March 2008) groundwater-level changes for the Prairie du Chien-Jordan and Mount Simon-Hinckley aquifers. This report documents the methods used to construct the maps and provides a context for the period of the measurements.\r\n\r\nAlthough withdrawal demand is increasing in the Twin Cities Metropolitan area, particularly in the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer, year-to-year changes in withdrawals can be substantial, and the relation between potentiometric surfaces in the major aquifers and year-to-year withdrawals is not well established. The estimated long-term (19-year) groundwater-level changes for the Prairie du Chien-Jordan and Mount Simon-Hinckley aquifers have not been large based on data and maps produced during this study, despite the large seasonal fluctuations shown by the March and August 2008 synoptic measurements.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095226","usgsCitation":"Sanocki, C.A., Langer, S.K., and Menard, J.C., 2008, Potentiometric Surfaces and Changes in Groundwater Levels in Selected Bedrock Aquifers in the Twin Cities Metropolitan Area, March-August 2008 and 1988-2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5226, Report: iv, 67 p.; Downloads Directory , https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095226.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 67 p.; Downloads Directory ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199351,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":13441,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5226/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94,44.5 ], [ -94,45.333333333333336 ], [ -92.75,45.333333333333336 ], [ -92.75,44.5 ], [ -94,44.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac3e4b07f02db678773","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanocki, Christopher A.","contributorId":100432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanocki","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langer, Susan K. slanger@usgs.gov","contributorId":107824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langer","given":"Susan","email":"slanger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Menard, Jason C.","contributorId":19661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Menard","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5224837,"text":"5224837 - 2008 - Population dynamics of the Concho water snake in rivers and reservoirs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-19T14:05:36","indexId":"5224837","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T12:18:34","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1337,"text":"Copeia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population dynamics of the Concho water snake in rivers and reservoirs","docAbstract":"The Concho Water Snake (Nerodia harteri paucimaculata) is confined to the Concho–Colorado River valley of central Texas, thereby occupying one of the smallest geographic ranges of any North American snake. In 1986, N. h. paucimaculata was designated as a federally threatened species, in large part because of reservoir projects that were perceived to adversely affect the amount of habitat available to the snake. During a ten-year period (1987–1996), we conducted capture–recapture field studies to assess dynamics of five subpopulations of snakes in both natural (river) and man-made (reservoir) habitats. Because of differential sampling of subpopulations, we present separate results for all five subpopulations combined (including large reservoirs) and three of the five subpopulations (excluding large reservoirs). We used multistate capture–recapture models to deal with stochastic transitions between pre-reproductive and reproductive size classes and to allow for the possibility of different survival and capture probabilities for the two classes. We also estimated both the finite rate of increase (λ) for a deterministic, stage-based, female-only matrix model using the average litter size, and the average rate of adult population change, λ ˆ, which describes changes in numbers of adult snakes, using a direct capture–recapture approach to estimation. Average annual adult survival was about 0.23 and similar for males and females. Average annual survival for subadults was about 0.14. The parameter estimates from the stage-based projection matrix analysis all yielded asymptotic values of λ < 1, suggesting populations that are not viable. However, the direct estimates of average adult λ for the three subpopulations excluding major reservoirs were λ ˆ = 1.26, SE ˆ(λ ˆ) = 0.18 and λ ˆ = 0.99, SE ˆ(λ ˆ) = 0.79, based on two different models. Thus, the direct estimation approach did not provide strong evidence of population declines of the riverine subpopulations, but the estimates are characterized by substantial uncertainty.
","language":"English","publisher":"The American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists","doi":"10.1643/CE-06-271","usgsCitation":"Whiting, M., Dixon, J., Greene, B., Mueller, J., Thornton, O., Hatfield, J., Nichols, J., and Hines, J., 2008, Population dynamics of the Concho water snake in rivers and reservoirs: Copeia, v. 2008, no. 2, p. 438-445, https://doi.org/10.1643/CE-06-271.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"438","endPage":"445","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202960,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2008","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db683f95","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whiting, M.J.","contributorId":84880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whiting","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dixon, J.R.","contributorId":106057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Greene, B.D.","contributorId":24477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mueller, J.M.","contributorId":45429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thornton, O.W. Jr.","contributorId":82261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thornton","given":"O.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hatfield, Jeff S.","contributorId":41372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatfield","given":"Jeff S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":342845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70035300,"text":"70035300 - 2008 - Electrical characterization of non‐Fickian transport in groundwater and hyporheic systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-21T11:57:31","indexId":"70035300","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Electrical characterization of non‐Fickian transport in groundwater and hyporheic systems","docAbstract":"Recent work indicates that processes controlling solute mass transfer between mobile and less mobile domains in porous media may be quantified by combining electrical geophysical methods and electrically conductive tracers. Whereas direct geochemical measurements of solute preferentially sample the mobile domain, electrical geophysical methods are sensitive to changes in bulk electrical conductivity (bulk EC) and therefore sample EC in both the mobile and immobile domains. Consequently, the conductivity difference between direct geochemical samples and remotely sensed electrical geophysical measurements may provide an indication of mass transfer rates and mobile and immobile porosities in situ. Here we present (1) an overview of a theoretical framework for determining parameters controlling mass transfer with electrical resistivity in situ; (2) a review of a case study estimating mass transfer processes in a pilot‐scale aquifer storage recovery test; and (3) an example application of this method for estimating mass transfer in watershed settings between streams and the hyporheic corridor. We demonstrate that numerical simulations of electrical resistivity studies of the stream/hyporheic boundary can help constrain volumes and rates of mobile‐immobile mass transfer. We conclude with directions for future research applying electrical geophysics to understand field‐scale transport in aquifer and fluvial systems subject to rate‐limited mass transfer.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2008WR007048","usgsCitation":"Singha, K., Pidlisecky, A., Day-Lewis, F.D., and Gooseff, M.N., 2008, Electrical characterization of non‐Fickian transport in groundwater and hyporheic systems: Water Resources Research, v. 44, no. 4, W00D07; 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2008WR007048.","productDescription":"W00D07; 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-006019","costCenters":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476562,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008wr007048","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243008,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-11-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a088ee4b0c8380cd51b80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singha, Kamini","contributorId":76733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singha","given":"Kamini","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pidlisecky, Adam","contributorId":94877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pidlisecky","given":"Adam","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Day-Lewis, Frederick D. 0000-0003-3526-886X daylewis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3526-886X","contributorId":1672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day-Lewis","given":"Frederick","email":"daylewis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":450081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gooseff, Michael N.","contributorId":71880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gooseff","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70192444,"text":"70192444 - 2008 - MIKE SHE: Software for integrated surface water/ground water modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-14T17:09:09","indexId":"70192444","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"MIKE SHE: Software for integrated surface water/ground water modeling","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00500.x","usgsCitation":"Hughes, J.D., and Liu, J., 2008, MIKE SHE: Software for integrated surface water/ground water modeling: Groundwater, v. 46, no. 6, p. 797-802, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00500.x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"797","endPage":"802","ipdsId":"IP-010070","costCenters":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347492,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-10-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07fa9ce4b09af898c8ce2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hughes, Joseph D. 0000-0003-1311-2354 jdhughes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1311-2354","contributorId":2492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"Joseph","email":"jdhughes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, Jie","contributorId":201274,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"Jie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97773,"text":"ofr20081385 - 2008 - Digital Mapping Techniques '07 - Workshop Proceedings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-01T08:43:21","indexId":"ofr20081385","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1385","title":"Digital Mapping Techniques '07 - Workshop Proceedings","docAbstract":"The Digital Mapping Techniques '07 (DMT'07) workshop was attended by 85 technical experts from 49 agencies, universities, and private companies, including representatives from 27 state geological surveys. This year's meeting, the tenth in the annual series, was hosted by the South Carolina Geological Survey, from May 20-23, 2007, on the University of South Carolina campus in Columbia, South Carolina. Each DMT workshop has been coordinated by the U.S. Geological Survey's National Geologic Map Database Project and the Association of American State Geologists (AASG).\r\n\r\nAs in previous year's meetings, the objective was to foster informal discussion and exchange of technical information, principally in order to develop more efficient methods for digital mapping, cartography, GIS analysis, and information management. At this meeting, oral and poster presentations and special discussion sessions emphasized: 1) methods for creating and publishing map products (here, 'publishing' includes Web-based release); 2) field data capture software and techniques, including the use of LIDAR; 3) digital cartographic techniques; 4) migration of digital maps into ArcGIS Geodatabase format; 5) analytical GIS techniques; and 6) continued development of the National Geologic Map Database.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Digital Mapping Techniques '07 - Workshop Proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Digital Mapping techniques '07 - Workshop Proceedings","conferenceDate":"May 20-23, 2007","conferenceLocation":"Columbia, South Carolina","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081385","collaboration":"Convened by the Association of American State Geologists and the United States Geological Survey; Hosted by the South Carolina Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Soller, D.R., 2008, Digital Mapping Techniques '07 - Workshop Proceedings: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1385, iv, 140 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081385.","productDescription":"iv, 140 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2007-05-20","temporalEnd":"2007-05-23","costCenters":[{"id":420,"text":"National Geologic Map Database","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118545,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2008_1385.jpg"},{"id":362520,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1385/pdf/ofr2008-1385.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":12936,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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Years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:24","indexId":"5200351","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:33:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":188,"text":"Memoirs of the Nuttall Ornithological Club","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"No. 15.","title":"Bird Banding in North America: The First Hundred Years","language":"English","publisher":"Nuttall Ornithological Club","publisherLocation":"Cambridge, Massachusetts","collaboration":"ISBN 1-877973-45-9","usgsCitation":"Nuttall Ornithological Club, 2008, Bird Banding in North America: The First Hundred Years: Memoirs of the Nuttall Ornithological Club No. 15., ix, 280.","productDescription":"ix, 280","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research 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6995_Bolanos.pdf","usgsCitation":"Bolanos, F., Castro, F., Cortez, C., De la Riva, I., Grant, T., Hedges, B., Heyer, R., Ibañez, R., La Marca, E., Lavilla, E., Leite Silvano, D., Lotters, S., Parra Olea, G., Reichle, S., Reynolds, R., Rodriguez, L., Santos Barrera, G., Scott, N., Ubeda, C., Veloso, A., Wilkinson, M., and Young, B., 2008, Amphibians of the Neotropical Realm, chap. of Threatened Amphibians of the World, p. 92-105.","productDescription":"776","startPage":"92","endPage":"105","numberOfPages":"776","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202946,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db68673e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Stuart, 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Desired forest conditions within bottomland vary among sites, but average 60-70% overstory canopy that is heterogeneously distributed with >5 dominant trees/ha retained, and a basal area of 14-16 m2/ha. Desired mid-story and understory cover are between 25-40%. Cavity trees (small and large) as well as dead and/or stressed trees should be retained, ultimately providing >14 m3/ha coarse woody debris, and shade-intolerant tree regeneration should be present on 30-40% of the area. We assessed avian response to prescribed wildlife-forestry silviculture treatments via distance-adjusted point counts and constant effort mist-netting within forest stands on Tensas River National Wildlife Refuge in northeastern Louisiana. More species and individuals were detected within stands 1-13 years post-treatment than within untreated stands. Most species, especially species benefiting from disturbance, increased in density after treatment. A few species decreased in density, yet remained fairly relatively abundant post-treatment. Captures from netting suggested three generalized responses to wildlife-forestry silviculture: (1) species with rapid, short-duration positive response, (2) species with slower but more prolonged positive response, and (3) species which initially declined but had long-term positive population response. We recommend increased use of prescribed wildlife-forestry silvicultural prescriptions to enhance bottomland forest habitat for priority bird species.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tundra to Tropics: Connecting Birds, Habitats and People: 4th International Partners in Flight Conference, 13-16 February 2008, McAllen, Texas: Abstracts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Included in the addendum online pdf.","usgsCitation":"Twedt, D., and Somershoe, S., 2008, Bird response to silviculture induced change in forest structure within bottomland hardwood forests, chap. of Tundra to Tropics: Connecting Birds, Habitats and People: 4th International Partners in Flight Conference, 13-16 February 2008, McAllen, Texas: Abstracts.","productDescription":"138","startPage":"addendum (","numberOfPages":"138","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196347,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ae4b07f02db61211f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Twedt, D.J. 0000-0003-1223-5045","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1223-5045","contributorId":105009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twedt","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Somershoe, S.G.","contributorId":10893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Somershoe","given":"S.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5211431,"text":"5211431 - 2008 - Coordinating across scales: Building a regional marsh bird monitoring program from national and state Initiatives","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:13","indexId":"5211431","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:20","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Coordinating across scales: Building a regional marsh bird monitoring program from national and state Initiatives","docAbstract":"Salt marsh breeding bird populations (rails, bitterns, sparrows, etc.) in eastern North America are high conservation priorities in need of site specific and regional monitoring designed to detect population changes over time. The present status and trends of these species are unknown but anecdotal evidence of declines in many of the species has raised conservation concerns. Most of these species are listed as conservation priorities on comprehensive wildlife plans throughout the eastern U.S. National Wildlife Refuges, National Park Service units, and other wildlife conservation areas provide important salt marsh habitat. To meet management needs for these areas, and to assist regional conservation planning, survey designs are being developed to estimate abundance and population trends for these breeding bird species. The primary purpose of this project is to develop a hierarchical sampling frame for salt marsh birds in Bird Conservation Region (BCR) 30 that will provide the ability to estimate species population abundances on 1) specific sites (i.e. National Parks and National Wildlife Refuges), 2) within states or regions, and 3) within BCR 30. The entire breeding range of Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed and Coastal Plain Swamp sparrows are within BCR 30, providing an opportunity to detect population trends within the entire breeding ranges of two priority species.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tundra to Tropics: Connecting Birds, Habitats and People: 4th International Partners in Flight Conference, 13-16 February 2008, McAllen, Texas: Abstracts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Page 114 in the online pdf.","usgsCitation":"Shriver, G., and Sauer, J., 2008, Coordinating across scales: Building a regional marsh bird monitoring program from national and state Initiatives, chap. of Tundra to Tropics: Connecting Birds, Habitats and People: 4th International Partners in Flight Conference, 13-16 February 2008, McAllen, Texas: Abstracts.","productDescription":"138","startPage":"113 (abs)","numberOfPages":"138","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196346,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db684959","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shriver, G.W.","contributorId":64758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shriver","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5211430,"text":"5211430 - 2008 - Long-term decline and short-term crash of the once abundant Rusty Blackbird","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:21","indexId":"5211430","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:20","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Long-term decline and short-term crash of the once abundant Rusty Blackbird","docAbstract":"The Rusty Blackbird (Euphagus carolinus), a formerly common breeding species of boreal wetlands, has exhibited the most marked decline of any North American landbird. North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) trends in abundance are estimated to be -12.5% / yr over the last 40 years, which is tantamount to a >95% cumulative decline. Trends in abundance calculated from Christmas Bird Counts (CBC) for a similar period indicate a range-wide decline of -5.6% / yr. Qualitative analyses of ornithological accounts suggest the species has been declining for over a century before the period covered by the estimated declines. Several studies document range retraction in the southern boreal forest, whereas limited data suggest that abundance may be more stable in more northerly areas. This pattern is both supported and contradicted by winter declines based in CBC data. The lower estimates of decline in the CBC data compared to BBS is consistent with the idea that the coverage of BBS is biased towards the southern boreal whereas CBC covers the entire winter range. However, the CBC declines are similar between the South Atlantic coast (with populations derived from the southeastern boreal) and the Mississippi Valley (populations from the northwest boreal). The major hypotheses for the decline include degradation of boreal habitats from logging and agricultural agricultural development, mercury contamination, and wetland desiccation resulting from global warming. Other likely reasons for decline include loss or degradation of wooded wetlands of the southeastern U.S and mortality associated with abatement efforts targeting nuisance blackbirds. We present a matrix of hypotheses and predictions that test them based on the geography of decline and more detailed indicators of population health which should form the strategic basis of future research.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tundra to Tropics: Connecting Birds, Habitats and People: 4th International Partners in Flight Conference, 13-16 February 2008, McAllen, Texas: Abstracts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Page 48 in the online pdf.","usgsCitation":"Greenberg, R., Blancher, P., Niven, D., and Droege, S., 2008, Long-term decline and short-term crash of the once abundant Rusty Blackbird, chap. of Tundra to Tropics: Connecting Birds, Habitats and People: 4th International Partners in Flight Conference, 13-16 February 2008, McAllen, Texas: Abstracts.","productDescription":"138","startPage":"47 (abs)","numberOfPages":"138","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200852,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6de4b07f02db63edbf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Greenberg, R.","contributorId":26778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenberg","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blancher, P.","contributorId":23253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blancher","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Niven, D.","contributorId":13722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niven","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Droege, Sam 0000-0003-4393-0403","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4393-0403","contributorId":64185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Droege","given":"Sam","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":331018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5211429,"text":"5211429 - 2008 - Design for a region-wide adaptive search for the ivorybilled woodpecker with the objective of estimating occupancy and related parameters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:18","indexId":"5211429","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:20","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Design for a region-wide adaptive search for the ivorybilled woodpecker with the objective of estimating occupancy and related parameters","docAbstract":"We describe a survey design and field protocol for the Ivory-billed Woodpecker (Campephilus principalis) search effort that will: (1) allow estimation of occupancy, use, and detection probability for habitats at two spatial scales within the bird?s former range, (2) assess relationships between occupancy, use, and habitat characteristics at those scales, (3) eventually allow the development of a population viability model that depends on patch occupancy instead of difficult-to-measure demographic parameters, and (4) be adaptive, allowing newly collected information to update the above models and search locations. The approach features random selection of patches to be searched from a sampling frame stratified and weighted by patch quality, and requires multiple visits per patch. It is adaptive within a season in that increased search activity is allowed in and around locations of strong visual and/or aural evidence, and adaptive among seasons in that habitat associations allow modification of stratum weights. This statistically rigorous approach is an improvement over simply visiting the ?best? habitat in an ad hoc fashion because we can learn from prior effort and modify the search accordingly. Results from the 2006-07 search season indicate weak relationships between occupancy and habitat (although we suggest modifications of habitat measurement protocols), and a very low detection probability, suggesting more visits per patch are required. Sample size requirements will be discussed.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tundra to Tropics: Connecting Birds, Habitats and People: 4th International Partners in Flight Conference, 13-16 February 2008, McAllen, Texas: Abstracts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Page 27 in the online PDF.","usgsCitation":"Cooper, R., Mordecai, R.S., Mattsson, B., Conroy, M., Pacifici, K., Peterson, J., and Moore, C., 2008, Design for a region-wide adaptive search for the ivorybilled woodpecker with the objective of estimating occupancy and related parameters, chap. of Tundra to Tropics: Connecting Birds, Habitats and People: 4th International Partners in Flight Conference, 13-16 February 2008, McAllen, Texas: Abstracts.","productDescription":"138","startPage":"26 (abs)","numberOfPages":"138","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200838,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667e31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cooper, R.J.","contributorId":89077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mordecai, Rua S.","contributorId":30328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mordecai","given":"Rua","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mattsson, B.G.","contributorId":24468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattsson","given":"B.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Conroy, M.J.","contributorId":84690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conroy","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pacifici, K.","contributorId":71667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pacifici","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Peterson, J.T.","contributorId":30170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Moore, C. T. 0000-0002-6053-2880","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6053-2880","contributorId":87649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"C. T.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":331013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":5211434,"text":"5211434 - 2008 - Ticks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:23","indexId":"5211434","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:20","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Ticks","docAbstract":"The most common vector-borne diseases in both Europe and North America are transmitted by ticks. Lyme borreliosis (LB), a tick-borne bacterial zoonosis, is the most highly prevalent. Other important tick-borne diseases include TBE (tick-borne encephalitis) and Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in Europe, Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) in North America, and numerous less common tick-borne bacterial, viral, and protozoan diseases on both continents. The major etiological agent of LB is Borrelia burgdorferi in North America, while in Europe several related species of Borrelia can also cause human illness. These Borrelia genospecies differ in clinical manifestations, ecology (for example, some have primarily avian and others primarily mammalian reservoirs), and transmission cycles, so the epizootiology of LB is more complex in Europe than in North America. Ticks dwell predominantly in woodlands and meadows, and in association with animal hosts, with only limited colonization of human dwellings by a few species. Therefore, suburbanization has contributed substantially to the increase in tick-borne disease transmission in North America by fostering increased exposure of humans to tick habitat. The current trend toward suburbanization in Europe could potentially result in similar increases in transmission of tick-borne diseases. Incidence of tick-borne diseases can be lowered by active public education campaigns, targeted at the times and places of greatest potential for encounter between humans and infected ticks. Similarly, vaccines (e.g., against TBE) are most effective when made available to people at greatest risk, and for high-prevalence diseases such as LB. Consultation with vector-borne disease experts during the planning stages of new human developments can minimize the potential for residents to encounter infected ticks (e.g., by appropriate dwelling and landscape design). Furthermore, research on tick vectors, pathogens, transmission ecology, and on geographic distribution, spread, and management of tick-borne diseases can lead to innovative and improved methods to lower the incidence of these diseases. Surveillance programs to monitor the distribution and spread of ticks, associated pathogens, and their reservoirs, can allow better-targeted management efforts, and provide data to assess effectiveness and to improve management programs.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Public Health Significance of Urban Pests","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe","publisherLocation":"Copenhagen, Denmark","collaboration":"ISBN-13 9789289071888 \tISBN-10 928907188 PDF on file: 6958_Ginsberg.pdf 6958_Ginsberg_wholebook.pdf 3.4MB","usgsCitation":"Ginsberg, H., and Faulde, M., 2008, Ticks, chap. of Public Health Significance of Urban Pests, p. 303-345.","productDescription":"xiv, 569","startPage":"303","endPage":"345","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202581,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fa6e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ginsberg, H. S. 0000-0002-4933-2466","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4933-2466","contributorId":27576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ginsberg","given":"H. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Faulde, M.K.","contributorId":57576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faulde","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5211444,"text":"5211444 - 2008 - Anti-tick biological control agents: assessment and future perspectives","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:27","indexId":"5211444","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:20","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Anti-tick biological control agents: assessment and future perspectives","docAbstract":"Widespread and increasing resistance to most available acaracides threatens both global livestock industries and public health. This necessitates better understanding of ticks and the diseases they transmit in the development of new control strategies. Ticks: Biology, Disease and Control is written by an international collection of experts and covers in-depth information on aspects of the biology of the ticks themselves, various veterinary and medical tick-borne pathogens, and aspects of traditional and potential new control methods. A valuable resource for graduate students, academic researchers and professionals, the book covers the whole gamut of ticks and tick-borne diseases from microsatellites to satellite imagery and from exploiting tick saliva for therapeutic drugs to developing drugs to control tick populations. It encompasses the variety of interconnected fields impinging on the economically important and biologically fascinating phenomenon of ticks, the diseases they transmit and methods of their control.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ticks : biology, disease and control","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","publisherLocation":"Cambridge, UK","collaboration":"OCLC: 213400618 PDF on file: 7012_Samish.pdf","usgsCitation":"Samish, M.H., Ginsberg, H., and Glazer, I., 2008, Anti-tick biological control agents: assessment and future perspectives, chap. of Ticks : biology, disease and control, p. 447-469.","productDescription":"xii, 506","startPage":"447","endPage":"469","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202991,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b2ff","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bowman, Alan. S.","contributorId":112139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowman","given":"Alan.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508132,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nuttall, Patricia A.","contributorId":111638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nuttall","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508131,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Samish, M. H. H.","contributorId":38685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samish","given":"M.","suffix":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ginsberg, H. S. 0000-0002-4933-2466","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4933-2466","contributorId":27576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ginsberg","given":"H. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Glazer, I.","contributorId":91967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glazer","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5211445,"text":"5211445 - 2008 - North American Bird Banding and quantitative population ecology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:28","indexId":"5211445","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:20","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"North American Bird Banding and quantitative population ecology","docAbstract":"Early bird-banding programs in North America were developed to provide descriptions of bird migration and movement patterns. This initial interest in description quickly evolved into more quantitative interests in two ways. There was (1) interest in quantifying migration and movement patterns, and (2) rapid recognition that re-observations of marked birds provided information about other parameters relevant to population dynamics. These included survival rate, recruitment rate, and population size. The evolution of methods for estimating population size, survival, recruitment, and movement is reviewed and we show it to be closely tied to bird-banding data. These estimation methods have been used with bird-banding data to draw important inferences about evolutionary ecology, population ecology, and population management. Illustrative examples of such inferences are provided.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bird Banding in North America: The First Hundred Years","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Nuttall Ornithological Club","publisherLocation":"Cambridge, Massachusetts","collaboration":"ISBN 1-877973-45-9 PDF on file: 7018_Nichols.pdf","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J., and Tautin, J., 2008, North American Bird Banding and quantitative population ecology, chap. of Bird Banding in North America: The First Hundred Years, p. 133-161.","productDescription":"ix, 280","startPage":"133","endPage":"161","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202834,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db696dd7","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Davis, William E. Jr.","contributorId":113000,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"William","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":13570,"text":"Boston University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":508134,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jackson, Jerome A.","contributorId":112944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"Jerome","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508133,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tautin, John","contributorId":113586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tautin","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508135,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tautin, J.","contributorId":95168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tautin","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5211449,"text":"5211449 - 2008 - Roles and contributions of banding organizations to the North American Banding Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:23","indexId":"5211449","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:20","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Roles and contributions of banding organizations to the North American Banding Program","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bird Banding in North America: The First Hundred Years","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Nuttall Ornithological Club","publisherLocation":"Cambridge, Massachusetts","collaboration":"ISBN 1-877973-45-9","usgsCitation":"Morris, S., Dale, B., and Gustafson, M., 2008, Roles and contributions of banding organizations to the North American Banding Program, chap. of Bird Banding in North America: The First Hundred Years, p. 31-64.","productDescription":"ix, 280","startPage":"31","endPage":"64","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202968,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fe296","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Jackson, Jerome A.","contributorId":112944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"Jerome","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508145,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, William E. 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However, certain human activities, especially base metal mining and smelting; combustion of leaded gasoline; the use of Pb in hunting, target shooting, and recreational angling; the use of Pb-based paints; and the uncontrolled disposal of Pb-containing products such as old vehicle batteries and electronic devices have resulted in increased environmental levels of Pb, and have created risks for Pb exposure and toxicity in invertebrates, fish, and wildlife in some ecosystems.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Encyclopedia of Ecology v. 3","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Oxford","collaboration":"OCLC: 173240026 PDF on file: 6983_Scheuhammer.pdf","usgsCitation":"Scheuhammer, A., Beyer, W., and Schmitt, C., 2008, Ecotoxicology: Lead, chap. of Encyclopedia of Ecology v. 3, p. 2133-2139.","startPage":"2133","endPage":"2139","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200945,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db6258b9","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Jorgensen, Sven Erik","contributorId":114171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jorgensen","given":"Sven","email":"","middleInitial":"Erik","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508122,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fath, Brian D.","contributorId":112607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fath","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508121,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Scheuhammer, A.M.","contributorId":36259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scheuhammer","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beyer, W. 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