{"pageNumber":"213","pageRowStart":"5300","pageSize":"25","recordCount":11364,"records":[{"id":70187539,"text":"70187539 - 1999 - Sand lance as cornerstone prey for predator populations","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70187539,"text":"70187539 - 1999 - Sand lance as cornerstone prey for predator populations","indexId":"70187539","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Sand lance as cornerstone prey for predator populations"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70187537,"text":"70187537 - 1999 - Sand lance: A review of biology and predator relations and annotated bibliography","indexId":"70187537","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Sand lance: A review of biology and predator relations and annotated bibliography"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70187537,"text":"70187537 - 1999 - Sand lance: A review of biology and predator relations and annotated bibliography","indexId":"70187537","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Sand lance: A review of biology and predator relations and annotated bibliography"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-08T12:27:46","indexId":"70187539","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Sand lance as cornerstone prey for predator populations","docAbstract":"<p>Sand lance (<i>Ammodytes</i>) constitute a major prey for at least some populations of over 100 species of consumer, including 40 species of birds, 12 species of marine mammals, 45 species of fishes, and some invertebrates. Variation in the availability of sand lance (and other forage fishes) can have major effects on the breeding success and survival of their predators. Commercial fishing and other pressures on sand lance populations potentially have ramifying effects on many species of wildlife.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sand lance: A review of biology and predator relations and annotated bibliography (USDA Forest Service Research Paper PNW-RP-521)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","usgsCitation":"Willson, M.F., Armstrong, R.H., Robards, M.D., and Piatt, J.F., 1999, Sand lance as cornerstone prey for predator populations, chap. <i>of</i> Sand lance: A review of biology and predator relations and annotated bibliography (USDA Forest Service Research Paper PNW-RP-521), p. 17-44.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"44","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340900,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":340903,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/2934"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591183dbe4b0e541a03c1ad2","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Robards, Martin D.","contributorId":40148,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robards","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694367,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Willson, Mary F.","contributorId":27974,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Willson","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694368,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Armstrong, Robert H.","contributorId":71664,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Armstrong","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694369,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694370,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Willson, Mary F.","contributorId":27974,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Willson","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Armstrong, Robert H.","contributorId":71664,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Armstrong","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robards, Martin D.","contributorId":40148,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robards","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70185424,"text":"70185424 - 1999 - Juvenile Marbled Murrelet nurseries and the productivity index","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-23T11:35:45","indexId":"70185424","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Juvenile Marbled Murrelet nurseries and the productivity index","docAbstract":"<p><span>Late summer counts of juveniles at sea are used as an index of Marbled Murrelet (</span><i>Brachyramphus marmoratus</i><span>) reproductive success, but little is known about juvenile dispersal or habitat use. Further, it is not known whether these counts accurately reflect absolute breeding success. To address these questions we conducted five boat surveys for Marbled Murrelets and Pigeon Guillemots (</span><i>Cepphus columba</i><span>) in Kachemak Bay, Alaska between 7-24 August 1996. Juvenile murrelet distribution in the bay was patchy, and we identified a juvenile Marbled Murrelet 'nursery' area in the outer bay. Fifty-three of 61 juvenile murrelets were in this area, whereas after-hatch-year (AHY) murrelets were dispersed throughout the bay, as were juvenile and AHY Pigeon Guillemots. The murrelet nursery was characterized by water inside of or at the edge of a 20 m deep contour, semi-protected seas, productive waters, and a large bed of Nereocystis kelp. Juveniles comprised 16.1% of all murrelets and 24.8% of all guillemots observed at sea. These data suggest a maximum reproductive success of 0.32 chicks/pair if all AHY murrelets were breeding and 0.46 chicks/pair if only 70% of AHY murrelets were breeding. For guillemots, maximum productivity estimated from at-sea counts was 0.50 chicks/pair if all AHY were breeding and 0.71 chicks/pair if only 70% were breeding. The guillemot estimate was similar to that obtained by concurrent studies at nine guillemot colonies in the bay (0.56 chicks/pair). These results suggest that at sea surveys in late summer provide a reasonable index of local productivity for nearshore alcids. Further, if murrelet nursery areas can be found, at sea counts may provide a valid measure of absolute productivity.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wilson Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Kuletz, K.J., and Piatt, J.F., 1999, Juvenile Marbled Murrelet nurseries and the productivity index: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 111, no. 2, p. 257-261.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"257","endPage":"261","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338008,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":338007,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wjoonline.org/?code=wors-site","text":"Journal's Homepage"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kachemak Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -151.9244384765625,\n              59.32338185310805\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.82305908203125,\n              59.32338185310805\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.82305908203125,\n              59.875155047865434\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.9244384765625,\n              59.875155047865434\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.9244384765625,\n              59.32338185310805\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"111","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d23b92e4b0236b68f82900","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuletz, Kathy J.","contributorId":24669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuletz","given":"Kathy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70186538,"text":"70186538 - 1999 - One Northwest community - People, salmon, rivers, and the sea: Towards sustainable salmon fisheries","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70186538,"text":"70186538 - 1999 - One Northwest community - People, salmon, rivers, and the sea: Towards sustainable salmon fisheries","indexId":"70186538","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"chapter":"45","title":"One Northwest community - People, salmon, rivers, and the sea: Towards sustainable salmon fisheries"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70007007,"text":"70007007 - 1999 - Sustainable fisheries management: Pacific salmon","indexId":"70007007","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Sustainable fisheries management: Pacific salmon"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70007007,"text":"70007007 - 1999 - Sustainable fisheries management: Pacific salmon","indexId":"70007007","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Sustainable fisheries management: Pacific salmon"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-05T10:42:38","indexId":"70186538","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"45","title":"One Northwest community - People, salmon, rivers, and the sea: Towards sustainable salmon fisheries","docAbstract":"<p>Pacific salmon management is in crisis. Throughout their range, salmon and steelhead populations are being adversely affected by human activities. Without coordinated, effective, and timely action, the future of the Pacific salmon resource is most certainly in doubt. To address the challenges that are currently facing salmon management, concerned citizens representing a diverse array of government agencies and non-governmental organizations have agreed to cooperate in the development of a Sustainable Fisheries Strategy for west coast salmon and steelhead populations. The Strategy builds on the contents of this book, resulting from the Sustainable Fisheries Conference and subsequent community- and watershed-based citizen forums. This chapter presents the key elements of the Strategy including a common vision for the future, a series of guiding principles, and specific strategies for supporting sustainable fisheries. As such, the Strategy embraces an ecosystem-based approach to managing human activities, rather than the traditional egocentric approach to managing salmonid populations and associated habitats. A system of community-based, watershed-oriented councils, including all stakeholders and agency representatives, is proposed for effective transition to ecosystem-based salmon and steelhead management. It is our hope that everyone involved in Pacific salmon management will embrace both the spirit and the specific elements of the Sustainable Fisheries Strategy as we face the difficult challenges ahead.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sustainable fisheries management: Pacific salmon","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","doi":"10.1201/9781439822678.ch45","isbn":"978-1-4398-2267-8","usgsCitation":"MacDonald, D.D., Steward, C.R., and Knudsen, E.E., 1999, One Northwest community - People, salmon, rivers, and the sea: Towards sustainable salmon fisheries, chap. 45 <i>of</i> Sustainable fisheries management: Pacific salmon, p. 687-701, https://doi.org/10.1201/9781439822678.ch45.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"687","endPage":"701","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339200,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e60275e4b09da6799ac69b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Knudsen, E. Eric","contributorId":104818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knudsen","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688655,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steward, Cleveland R.","contributorId":45226,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steward","given":"Cleveland","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688656,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"MacDonald, Donald","contributorId":71893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacDonald","given":"Donald","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688657,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Williams, Jack E.","contributorId":93774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688658,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reiser, Dudley W.","contributorId":114160,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reiser","given":"Dudley","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688659,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"MacDonald, Donald D.","contributorId":176179,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"MacDonald","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steward, Cleveland R.","contributorId":45226,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steward","given":"Cleveland","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knudsen, E. Eric","contributorId":104818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knudsen","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021958,"text":"70021958 - 1999 - Stock origins of Dolly Varden collected from Beaufort Sea coastal sites of Arctic Alaska and Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-19T18:14:23.383954","indexId":"70021958","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stock origins of Dolly Varden collected from Beaufort Sea coastal sites of Arctic Alaska and Canada","docAbstract":"<p><span id=\"_mce_caret\" data-mce-bogus=\"1\" data-mce-type=\"format-caret\"><span>Anadromous northern Dolly Varden&nbsp;</span><i>Salvelinus malma</i><span>&nbsp;support a summer subsistence fishery in Beaufort Sea coastal waters. These same waters coincide with areas of oil and gas exploration and development. The purpose of this study was to assess variation in stock origins of Dolly Varden collected from sites along 400 km of Beaufort Sea coast. Mixed‐stock analyses (MSA) of allozyme data were used to compare collections from four sites (Endicott near Prudhoe Bay, Mikkelsen Bay, and Kaktovik in Alaska and Phillips Bay in Canada) and to assess variation in stock contributions among summer months and between 1987 and 1988. The MSA estimates for individual stocks were summed into estimates for three stock groups: western stocks from the area near Sagavarnirktok River and Prudhoe Bay (SAG), Arctic National Wildlife Refuge stocks (Arctic Refuge), and Canadian stocks. The MSA of Endicott samples taken in 1987 and 1988 did not differ among months in terms of contributions from local SAG stocks (range, 71–95%). Contributions from nonlocal (&gt;100 km distant) Canadian and Arctic Refuge stocks were not different from zero in 1987, but contributions from Canadian stocks were so in July (17%) and August (20%) but not in September of 1988. Thus, stock contributions to Endicott collections were different between 1987 and 1988. Samples from the Kaktovik area in 1988 were different between months in terms of contributions from nonlocal SAG stocks (July, 7%; August, 27%). Significant contributions to these samples were made both months by Canadian (25% and 17%) and local Arctic Refuge stocks (68% and 56%). Among the four coastal sites, local stocks typically contributed most to collections; however, every site had collections that contained significant contributions from nonlocal stocks. The MSA estimates clearly revealed the movement of Dolly Varden between U.S. and Canada coastal waters. If local stocks are affected by oil and gas development activities, distant subsistence fisheries along the coast could also be affected.</span></span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1999)128<0049:SOODVC>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Krueger, C., Wilmot, R., and Everett, R., 1999, Stock origins of Dolly Varden collected from Beaufort Sea coastal sites of Arctic Alaska and Canada: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 128, no. 1, p. 49-57, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1999)128<0049:SOODVC>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"57","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229605,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Kaktovik, Mikkelsen Bay, Phillips Bay, Prudhoe Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -157.34302882846796,\n              71.33199231177122\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.34302882846796,\n              68.92852198639318\n            ],\n            [\n              -136.5522082329044,\n              68.92852198639318\n            ],\n            [\n              -136.5522082329044,\n              71.33199231177122\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.34302882846796,\n              71.33199231177122\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"128","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9857e4b08c986b31bfa9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krueger, C.C.","contributorId":97042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krueger","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilmot, R.L.","contributorId":97662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilmot","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Everett, R.J.","contributorId":42740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Everett","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":87239,"text":"87239 - 1999 - An aerial survey method to estimate sea otter abundance","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":87239,"text":"87239 - 1999 - An aerial survey method to estimate sea otter abundance","indexId":"87239","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"An aerial survey method to estimate sea otter abundance"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70180186,"text":"70180186 - 1999 - Marine mammal survey and assessment methods","indexId":"70180186","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Marine mammal survey and assessment methods"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70180186,"text":"70180186 - 1999 - Marine mammal survey and assessment methods","indexId":"70180186","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Marine mammal survey and assessment methods"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-06T16:04:45","indexId":"87239","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"An aerial survey method to estimate sea otter abundance","docAbstract":"<p>Sea otters (<i>Enhydra lutris</i>) occur in shallow coastal habitats and can be highly visible on the sea surface. They generally rest in groups and their detection depends on factors that include sea conditions, viewing platform, observer technique and skill, distance, habitat and group size. While visible on the surface, they are difficult to see while diving and may dive in response to an approaching survey platform. We developed and tested an aerial survey method that uses intensive searches within portions of strip transects to adjust for availability and sightability biases. Correction factors are estimated independently for each survey and observer. In tests of our method using shore-based observers, we estimated detection probabilities of 0.52-0.72 in standard strip-transects and 0.96 in intensive searches. We used the survey method in Prince William Sound, Alaska to estimate a sea otter population size of 9,092 (SE = 1422). The new method represents an improvement over various aspects of previous methods, but additional development and testing will be required prior to its broad application.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine mammal survey and assessment methods","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Symposium on surveys, status & trends of marine mammal populations","conferenceDate":"25-27 February, 1998","conferenceLocation":"Seattle, WA","language":"English","publisher":"A.A. Balkema","publisherLocation":"Rotterdam, Netherlands","isbn":"9789058090430","usgsCitation":"Bodkin, J.L., and Udevitz, M.S., 1999, An aerial survey method to estimate sea otter abundance, <i>in</i> Marine mammal survey and assessment methods, Seattle, WA, 25-27 February, 1998, p. 13-26.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"26","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127876,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339368,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.crcpress.com/Marine-Mammal-Survey-and-Assessment-Methods/Laake-Robertson-Amstrup/p/book/9789058090430"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db68699b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Garner, Gerald W.","contributorId":149918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garner","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":504856,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":504855,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Laake, Jeffrey L.","contributorId":83851,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Laake","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6578,"text":"National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, WA 98112, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":504854,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Manly, Bryan F.J.","contributorId":41770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manly","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"F.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504857,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McDonald, Lyman L.","contributorId":14939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"Lyman","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504852,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Robertson, Donna G.","contributorId":29965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Donna","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504853,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":6}],"authors":[{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Udevitz, Mark S. 0000-0003-4659-138X mudevitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4659-138X","contributorId":3189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Udevitz","given":"Mark","email":"mudevitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70186665,"text":"70186665 - 1999 - Modeling variability in replicated surveys at aggregation sites","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70186665,"text":"70186665 - 1999 - Modeling variability in replicated surveys at aggregation sites","indexId":"70186665","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Modeling variability in replicated surveys at aggregation sites"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70180186,"text":"70180186 - 1999 - Marine mammal survey and assessment methods","indexId":"70180186","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Marine mammal survey and assessment methods"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70180186,"text":"70180186 - 1999 - Marine mammal survey and assessment methods","indexId":"70180186","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Marine mammal survey and assessment methods"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-29T18:18:30","indexId":"70186665","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Modeling variability in replicated surveys at aggregation sites","docAbstract":"<p>Surveys of aggregation sites can provide unbiased estimates of annual trends in population size if the proportion of the population counted at these sites does not vary systematically among years. However, counts at these sites tend to be highly variable and resulting trend estimates typically have poor precision. I developed an index based on a simple parametric model for counts of Pacific walruses (<i>Odobenus rosmarus divergens</i>) at haul-out sites in Bristol Bay, Alaska that accounted for the general temporal pattern of variability in the proportion of the population at the sites. Simulations suggested that an index based on mean annual counts was a more sensitive indicator of trend than the model-based index or the currently used index based on maximum annual counts. The model-based index may be more useful for other situations where timing of the aggregation peak is more variable. </p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine mammal survey and assessment methods","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Symposium on surveys, status & trends of marine mammal populations","conferenceDate":"25-27 February, 1998","conferenceLocation":"Seattle, WA","language":"English","publisher":"A.A. 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,{"id":2002023,"text":"2002023 - 1999 - Annotated bibliography","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":2002023,"text":"2002023 - 1999 - Annotated bibliography","indexId":"2002023","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Annotated bibliography"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70187537,"text":"70187537 - 1999 - Sand lance: A review of biology and predator relations and annotated bibliography","indexId":"70187537","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Sand lance: A review of biology and predator relations and annotated bibliography"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70187537,"text":"70187537 - 1999 - Sand lance: A review of biology and predator relations and annotated bibliography","indexId":"70187537","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Sand lance: A review of biology and predator relations and annotated bibliography"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T09:33:24","indexId":"2002023","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Annotated bibliography","docAbstract":"<p>This bibliography contains over 1,700 published and unpublished references on the family Ammodytidae with an emphasis on the genus <i>Ammodytes</i>. The references are alphabetical by author and then by year of publication.</p><p>Abstracts and summaries are included for the references we have seen and those provided electronically by others. Abstracts written by the original authors are within quotation marks; abstracts not in quotation marks were written by the compilers of this bibliography</p><p>For each reference, we provide keywords. For references obtained electronically, we used the keywords provided by others. References we were not able to review personally may contain information on additional subjects about sand lance not mentioned in the index.</p><p>The keywords have been further organized into taxonomic, geographic, subject, and predator indexes. For the taxonomic and predator indexes, we used the scientific or common name provided by the authors. No attempt was made to combine synonyms. For references in which no scientific name was provided, we used the most likely taxon.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sand lance: A review of biology and predator relations and annotated bibliography (USDA Forest Service Research Paper PNW-RP-521)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","usgsCitation":"Armstrong, R.H., Willson, M.F., Robards, M.D., and Piatt, J.F., 1999, Annotated bibliography, chap. <i>of</i> Sand lance: A review of biology and predator relations and annotated bibliography (USDA Forest Service Research Paper PNW-RP-521), p. 45-327.","productDescription":"283 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"327","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198081,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":340905,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/2934"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aade4b07f02db66b3fb","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Robards, Martin D.","contributorId":40148,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robards","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694377,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Willson, Mary F.","contributorId":27974,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Willson","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694378,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Armstrong, Robert H.","contributorId":71664,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Armstrong","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694379,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694380,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Armstrong, Robert H.","contributorId":71664,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Armstrong","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Willson, Mary F.","contributorId":27974,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Willson","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robards, Martin D.","contributorId":40148,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robards","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":325942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70021178,"text":"70021178 - 1999 - Long-term experimental manipulation of winter snow regime and summer temperature in arctic and alpine tundra","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-26T11:15:43.720458","indexId":"70021178","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term experimental manipulation of winter snow regime and summer temperature in arctic and alpine tundra","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group  metis-abstract\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Three 60 m long, 2·8 m high snowfences have been erected to study long-term effects of changing winter snow conditions on arctic and alpine tundra. This paper describes the experimental design and short-term effects. Open-top fiberglass warming chambers are placed along the experimental snow gradients and in controls areas outside the fences; each warming plot is paired with an unwarmed plot. The purpose of the experiment is to examine short- and long-term changes to the integrated physical-biological systems under simultaneous changes of winter snow regime and summer temperature, as part of the Long-Term Ecological Research network and the International Tundra Experiment. The sites were at Niwot Ridge, Colorado, a temperate high altitude site in the Colorado Rockies, and Toolik Lake, Alaska, a high-latitude site. Initial results indicate that although experimental designs are essentially identical at the arctic and alpine sites, experimental effects are different. The drift at Niwot Ridge lasts much longer than do the Toolik Lake drifts, so that the Niwot Ridge fence affects both summer and winter conditions, whereas the Toolik Lake fence affects primarily winter conditions. The temperature experiment also differs in effect between the sites. Although the average temperature increase at the two sites is similar (daily increase 1·5 °C at Toolik and 1·9 °C at Niwot Ridge), at Toolik Lake there is only minor diurnal variation, whereas at Niwot Ridge the daytime increases are extreme on sunny days (as much as 7–10 °C), and minimum nighttime temperatures in the chambers are often slightly cooler than ambient (by about 1 °C). The experimental drifts resulted in wintertime increases in temperature and CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>flux. Temperatures under the deep drifts were much more consistent and warmer than in control areas, and at Niwot Ridge remained very close to 0 °C all winter. These increased temperatures were likely responsible for observed increases in system carbon loss. Initial changes to the aboveground biotic system included an increase in growth in response to both snow and warming, despite a reduced growing season. This is expected to be a transient response that will eventually be replaced by reduced growth. At least one species,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Kobresia myosuroides</i>, had almost completely died at Niwot Ridge three years after fence construction, whereas other species were increasing. We expect in both the short- and long-term to see the strongest effects of snow at the Niwot Ridge site, and stronger effects of temperature at Toolik Lake.&nbsp;</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199910)13:14/15<2315::AID-HYP888>3.0.CO;2-A","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Walker, M., Walker, D., Welker, J., Arft, A., Bardsley, T., Brooks, P.D., Fahnestock, J.T., Jones, M., Losleben, M., Parsons, A., Seastedt, T., and Turner, P., 1999, Long-term experimental manipulation of winter snow regime and summer temperature in arctic and alpine tundra: Hydrological Processes, v. 13, no. 14-15, p. 2315-2330, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199910)13:14/15<2315::AID-HYP888>3.0.CO;2-A.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"2315","endPage":"2330","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487394,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1085(199910)13:14/15<2315::aid-hyp888>3.0.co;2-a","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230018,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"14-15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a498ee4b0c8380cd686f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walker, M.D.","contributorId":31937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walker, D.A.","contributorId":82484,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walker","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Welker, J.M.","contributorId":82868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welker","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arft, A.M.","contributorId":77689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arft","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bardsley, T.","contributorId":29152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bardsley","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brooks, P. 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T.","contributorId":54545,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fahnestock","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jones, M.H.","contributorId":75716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Losleben, M.","contributorId":44690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Losleben","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Parsons, A.N.","contributorId":46238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"A.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Seastedt, T.R.","contributorId":57233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seastedt","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Turner, P.L.","contributorId":84942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70021389,"text":"70021389 - 1999 - Use of female nest characteristics in the sexual behaviour of male sockeye salmon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:41","indexId":"70021389","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2285,"text":"Journal of Fish Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of female nest characteristics in the sexual behaviour of male sockeye salmon","docAbstract":"On three island beaches in Iliamna Lake, Alaska, large numbers of male sockeye salmon gathered and spawned in artificial excavations that mimicked a female's nest immediately prior to spawning, while apparently ignoring the control site. The number of males attracted was correlated positively with changes in the operational sex ratio. In contrast, on the mainland beach examined, no reaction to the artificial nests was apparent. The results are discussed in terms of mate searching behaviour by males, the duration of the spawning period, and associated selection pressures on males to use characteristics of their environment that provide information on availability of females.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Fish Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/jfbi.1999.0988","issn":"00221112","usgsCitation":"Hamon, T., Foote, C., and Brown, G., 1999, Use of female nest characteristics in the sexual behaviour of male sockeye salmon: Journal of Fish Biology, v. 55, no. 3, p. 459-471, https://doi.org/10.1006/jfbi.1999.0988.","startPage":"459","endPage":"471","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229714,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206427,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jfbi.1999.0988"}],"volume":"55","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbefee4b08c986b3298de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamon, T.R.","contributorId":38778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamon","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foote, C.J.","contributorId":66020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foote","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, G.S.","contributorId":60408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021791,"text":"70021791 - 1999 - The epipelagic fish community of Beaufort Sea coastal waters, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-09T16:31:54.187181","indexId":"70021791","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":894,"text":"Arctic","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The epipelagic fish community of Beaufort Sea coastal waters, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>A three-year study of epipelagic fishes inhabiting Beaufort Sea coastal waters in Alaska documented spatial and temporal patterns in fish distribution and abundance and examined their relationships to thermohaline features during summer. Significant interannual, seasonal, and geographical differences in surface water temperatures and salinities were observed. In 1990, sea ice was absent and marine conditions prevailed, whereas in 1988 and 1991, heavy pack ice was present and the dissolution of the brackish water mass along the coast proceeded more slowly. Arctic cod, capelin, and liparids were the most abundant marine fishes in the catches, while arctic cisco was the only abundant diadromous freshwater species. Age-0 arctic cod were exceptionally abundant and large in 1990, while age-0 capelin dominated in the other years. The alternating numerical dominances of arctic cod and age-0 capelin may represent differing species' responses to wind-driven oceanographic processes affecting growth and survival. The only captures of age-0 arctic cisco occurred during 1990. Catch patterns indicate they use a broad coastal migratory corridor and tolerate high salinities. As in the oceanographic data, geographical and temporal patterns were apparent in the fish catch data, but in most cases these patterns were not statistically testable because of excessive zero catches. The negative binomial distribution appeared to be a suitable statistical descriptor of the aggregated catch patterns for the more common species.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Arctic Institute of North America","doi":"10.14430/arctic912","usgsCitation":"Jarvela, L.E., and Thorsteinson, L.K., 1999, The epipelagic fish community of Beaufort Sea coastal waters, Alaska: Arctic, v. 52, no. 1, p. 80-94, https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic912.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"80","endPage":"94","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":113,"text":"Alaska Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479641,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic912","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229299,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Beaufort Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -141,\n              71\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.53217797249454,\n              71\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.53217797249454,\n              69\n            ],\n            [\n              -141,\n              69\n            ],\n            [\n              -141,\n              71\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505babd4e4b08c986b3230d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jarvela, L. E.","contributorId":57229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarvela","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thorsteinson, Lyman K. lthorsteinson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorsteinson","given":"Lyman","email":"lthorsteinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":113,"text":"Alaska Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":391192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1008039,"text":"1008039 - 1999 - Comparison of organochlorine contaminants among sea otter (Enhydra lutris) populations in California and Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-05T16:23:38.201966","indexId":"1008039","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Comparison of organochlorine contaminants among sea otter (<i>Enhydra lutris</i>) populations in California and Alaska","title":"Comparison of organochlorine contaminants among sea otter (Enhydra lutris) populations in California and Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>Organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) including non-</span><i>ortho</i><span>&nbsp;PCBs, polychlorinated dibenzo-</span><i>p</i><span>-dioxins (PCDDs), and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) were measured in sea otter liver tissue from California, southeast Alaska, and the western Aleutian archipelago collected between 1988 and 1992. Average total dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane concentrations for California otters (850 μg/kg wet weight) were over 20 times higher than in Aleutian otters (40 μg/kg) and over 800 times higher than otters from southeast Alaska (1 μg/kg). Levels for total PCBs in Aleutian otters (310 μg/kg) were 1.7 times higher than levels in California otters (190 μg/kg) and 38 times higher than otters from southeast Alaska (8 μg/kg). Levels for PCDD and PCDF were extremely low in all otter populations. Levels of PCBs in Aleutian and Californian otters are abnormally high when compared with southeast Alaskan otters. The source of PCBs to the Aleutian Islands remains unclear and vital to understanding the potential impacts to sea otters.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620180313","usgsCitation":"Bacon, C., Jarman, W.M., Estes, J.A., Simon, M., and Norstrom, R.J., 1999, Comparison of organochlorine contaminants among sea otter (Enhydra lutris) populations in California and Alaska: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 18, p. 452-458, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620180313.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"452","endPage":"458","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":132646,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae27a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bacon, C.E.","contributorId":98270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jarman, Walter M.","contributorId":21895,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jarman","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6950,"text":"U CA Santa Cruz Long Marine Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":316610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Estes, J. A.","contributorId":53319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Simon, M.","contributorId":15976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Norstrom, R. J.","contributorId":69936,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Norstrom","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70020929,"text":"70020929 - 1999 - Patterns of variation in size and composition of Greater Scaup eggs: Are they related?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-26T15:19:28","indexId":"70020929","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Patterns of variation in size and composition of Greater Scaup eggs: Are they related?","docAbstract":"<p>We studied egg size variation of Greater Scaup (<i>Aythya marila</i>) nesting on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska from 1991-1996. Mean egg size was 64.36±0.03 (SE) ml. Egg size did not vary with clutch size or serve as an index of body size. There was less than 2% overlap in total clutch volumes for clutches of different sizes indicating that phenotypic clutch size-egg size trade-offs are not occurring among individuals. At the population level, Greater Scaup have less variation in egg size than other species of waterfowl. The proportion of variation in egg size caused by differences among females was 0.20, caused by differences within females among years was 0.25, and caused by differences within females and years (i.e., clutches) was 0.56. The proportion of egg lipid decreased with increasing egg size while the proportion of egg protein increased with egg size. Thus, Greater Scaup appear to trade-off lipid for protein as egg size increases. The proportion of variation that was due to differences among females in total egg protein was 0.79 and in total egg lipid was 0.49. We conclude that in the absence of a fitness trade-off between clutch size and egg size, selection has reduced among-individual variation in egg size.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"H.W. Wilson Co.","issn":"00435643","usgsCitation":"Flint, P.L., and Grand, J.B., 1999, Patterns of variation in size and composition of Greater Scaup eggs: Are they related?: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 111, no. 4, p. 465-471.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"465","endPage":"471","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229882,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":340476,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4164130"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -165,\n              62\n            ],\n            [\n              -166,\n              62\n            ],\n            [\n              -166,\n              61\n            ],\n            [\n              -165,\n              61\n            ],\n            [\n              -165,\n              62\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"111","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a75ede4b0c8380cd77e12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":388003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grand, J. Barry 0000-0002-3576-4567 barry_grand@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3576-4567","contributorId":579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.","email":"barry_grand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Barry","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":388002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021597,"text":"70021597 - 1999 - Vocalizations of the Kittlitz's Murrelet","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-16T13:16:01.100293","indexId":"70021597","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vocalizations of the Kittlitz's Murrelet","docAbstract":"We present the first documentation of Kittlitz's Murrelet (Brachyramphus brevirostris) vocalizations, based on recordings made in Glacier Bay, Alaska, in 1994. We identified two apparently related types of calls: groan and quack. The Kittlitz's Murrelet calls were markedly different from the most common calls of the congeneric Marbled Murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus), but shared characteristics with the Marbled Murrelet's less common 'groan' call. Phylogeny, breeding biology, and habitat characteristics may explain relationships between the congeneric vocalizations. More complete knowledge of the Kittlitz's Murrelet vocal repertoire is needed before vocalizations can be either used or discarded in the design of effective programs to monitor this rare and poorly-known species.","language":"English","publisher":"The Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/1370003","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"van Pelt, T.I., Piatt, J.F., and Van Vliet, G.B., 1999, Vocalizations of the Kittlitz's Murrelet: Condor, v. 101, no. 2, p. 395-398, https://doi.org/10.2307/1370003.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"395","endPage":"398","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229071,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc2b9e4b08c986b32ad05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van Pelt, Thomas I.","contributorId":13392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Pelt","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":390421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":390423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Van Vliet, Gus B.","contributorId":35086,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Van Vliet","given":"Gus","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021677,"text":"70021677 - 1999 - Time of day of ovulation by three duck species in subarctic Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-20T23:58:33.790971","indexId":"70021677","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Time of day of ovulation by three duck species in subarctic Alaska","docAbstract":"I examined variation in ovulation times of Northern Pintails (Anas acuta), American Wigeon (A. americana), and Lesser Scaup (Aythya affinis) breeding in subarctic Alaskan wetlands. Ovulation times and, by extension, egg-laying times were highly variable in all three species, with ovulations occurring during all hours of the day. Only Lesser Scaup demonstrated a morning peak in ovulations, within a broad range of ovulation times. Lack of a distinct time of day of ovulation suggests that fitness is not related to egg-laying time for these species, particularly at subarctic latitudes with nearly perpetual daylight. Egg-laying interval may have more adaptive significance than egg-laying time for these species. Ovulation intervals were estimated to be approximately 24 hr, which is short relative to the range of intervals documented in birds, despite high energetic and nutritional costs of egg formation in these species. Evidence of approximately 24-hr ovulation intervals, particularly in the absence of a distinct time of day for egg laying, supports hypotheses that a shortened period of egg production in waterfowl may have selective advantage due to reduction in the period of nest exposure to predation, earlier hatch dates, reduced hatch asynchrony, or improved viability of early-laid eggs.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1370009","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Esler, D., 1999, Time of day of ovulation by three duck species in subarctic Alaska: Condor, v. 101, no. 2, p. 422-425, https://doi.org/10.2307/1370009.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"422","endPage":"425","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229110,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb39fe4b08c986b325ede","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Esler, Daniel 0000-0001-5501-4555 desler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-4555","contributorId":5465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esler","given":"Daniel","email":"desler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":390684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70022025,"text":"70022025 - 1999 - A new magnetic view of Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:44","indexId":"70022025","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1728,"text":"GSA Today","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new magnetic view of Alaska","docAbstract":"A new, publicly available aeromagnetic data compilation spanning Alaska enables analysis of the regional crustal character of this tectonically diverse and poorly understood part of the North American Cordillera. The merged data were upward-continued by 10 km (mathematically smoothed without assumptions about sources) to enhance crustal-scale magnetic features and facilitate tectonic analysis. This analysis reveals a basic threefold magnetic character: (1) a southern region with arcuate magnetic domains closely tied to tectonostratigraphic elements, (2) a magnetically neutral interior region punctuated locally by intermediate and deep magnetic highs representing a complex history, and (3) a magnetically subdued northern region that includes a large deep magnetic high. Our tectonic view of the data supports interpretations that Paleozoic extension and continental rift basins played a significant role in the tectonic development of northern and interior Alaska. Accretion of oceanic and continental margin terranes could be restricted to the southern region. The new magnetic view of Alaska can be compared and contrasted with other Pacific margin regions where convergent margin and accretionary tectonic processes are important.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"GSA Today","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10525173","usgsCitation":"Saltus, R.W., Hudson, T.L., and Connard, G.G., 1999, A new magnetic view of Alaska: GSA Today, v. 9, no. 3, p. 1-6.","startPage":"1","endPage":"6","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230809,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4a6e4b0c8380cd467df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saltus, R. W.","contributorId":85588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saltus","given":"R.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hudson, T. L.","contributorId":13992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Connard, G. G.","contributorId":20354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connard","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019844,"text":"70019844 - 1999 - Testing releasable GPS radiocollars on wolves and white-tailed deer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-04T10:47:18","indexId":"70019844","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Testing releasable GPS radiocollars on wolves and white-tailed deer","docAbstract":"<p><span>We tested prototype GPS collars on 8 free-ranging wolves (<i>Canis lupus</i>) and 3 white-tailed deer (<i>Odocoileus virginianus</i>) for varying periods between February and August 1997. We programmed the 920-gm collars to make a location attempt 6-96 times per day. The collars were designed to be remotely released from the animal and the data were then downloaded to a desktop computer. The collars produced 47-1,549 locations each during 11-41 days; locations were successful in 26-95% of the attempts (x̄ = 70%). Eight collars released successfully. Three collar-release failures were caused by condensation. Two collars had GPS antennas that were improperly attached and did not collect data. Life was as long as, or longer than, expected in 4 collars, less than expected in 5 collars, and unknown in 2 collars. Limitations of this type of collar include brief life if programmed at short location-attempt intervals (≤1 hr) and possible drop-off failure. Nevertheless, the large volume of data we collected with no field telemetry effort demonstrates the potential for this type of GPS collar to answer questions about movements of medium-sized mammals.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","usgsCitation":"Merrill, S.B., Adams, L., Nelson, M.E., and Mech, L.D., 1999, Testing releasable GPS radiocollars on wolves and white-tailed deer: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 26, no. 4, p. 830-835.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"830","endPage":"835","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227813,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba5cde4b08c986b320cb8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Merrill, Samuel B.","contributorId":174748,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Merrill","given":"Samuel","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, Layne G. 0000-0001-6212-2896 ladams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6212-2896","contributorId":2776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Layne G.","email":"ladams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":384140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nelson, Michael E.","contributorId":7397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":384139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70021030,"text":"70021030 - 1999 - Kinematic analysis of melange fabrics: Examples and applications from the McHugh Complex, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:47","indexId":"70021030","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2468,"text":"Journal of Structural Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Kinematic analysis of melange fabrics: Examples and applications from the McHugh Complex, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska","docAbstract":"Permian to Cretaceous melange of the McHugh Complex on the Kenai Peninsula, south-central Alaska includes blocks and belts of graywacke, argillite, limestone, chert, basalt, gabbro, and ultramafic rocks, intruded by a variety of igneous rocks. An oceanic plate stratigraphy is repeated hundreds of times across the map area, but most structures at the outcrop scale extend lithological layering. Strong rheological units occur as blocks within a matrix that flowed around the competent blocks during deformation, forming broken formation and melange. Deformation was noncoaxial, and disruption of primary layering was a consequence of general strain driven by plate convergence in a relatively narrow zone between the overriding accretionary wedge and the downgoing, generally thinly sedimented oceanic plate. Soft-sediment deformation processes do not appear to have played a major role in the formation of the melange. A model for deformation at the toe of the wedge is proposed in which layers oriented at low angles to ??1 are contracted in both the brittle and ductile regimes, layers at 30-45??to ??1 are extended in the brittle regime and contracted in the ductile regime, and layers at angles greater than 45??to ??1 are extended in both the brittle and ductile regimes. Imbrication in thrust duplexes occurs at deeper levels within the wedge. Many structures within melange of the McHugh Complex are asymmetric and record kinematic information consistent with the inferred structural setting in an accretionary wedge. A displacement field for the McHugh Complex on the lower Kenai Peninsula includes three belts: an inboard belt of Late Triassic rocks records west-to-east-directed slip of hanging walls, a central belt of predominantly Early Jurassic rocks records north-south directed displacements, and Early Cretaceous rocks in an outboard belt preserve southwest-northeast directed slip vectors. Although precise ages of accretion are unknown, slip directions are compatible with inferred plate motions during the general time frame of accretion of the McHugh Complex. The slip vectors are interpreted to preserve the convergence directions between the overriding and underriding plates, which became more oblique with time. They are not considered indicative of strain partitioning into belts of orogen-parallel and orogen-perpendicular displacements, because the kinematic data are derived from the earliest preserved structures, whereas fabrics related to strain partitioning would be expected to be superimposed on earlier accretion-related fabrics.Permian to Cretaceous melange of the McHugh Complex on the Kenai Peninsula, south-central Alaska includes blocks and belts of graywacke, argillite, limestone, chert, basalt, gabbro, and ultramafic rocks, intruded by a variety of igneous rocks. An oceanic plate stratigraphy is repeated hundreds of times across the map area, but most structures at the outcrop scale extend lithological layering. Strong rheological units occur as blocks within a matrix that flowed around the competent blocks during deformation, forming broken formation and melange. Deformation was noncoaxial, and disruption of primary layering was a consequence of general strain driven by plate convergence in a relatively narrow zone between the overriding accretionary wedge and the downgoing, generally thinly sedimented oceanic plate. Soft-sediment deformation processes do not appear to have played a major role in the formation of the melange. A model for deformation at the toe of the wedge is proposed in which layers oriented at low angles to ??1 are contracted in both the brittle and ductile regimes, layers at 30-45?? to ??1 are extended in the brittle regime and contracted in the ductile regime, and layers at angles greater than 45?? to ??1 are extended in both the brittle and ductile regimes. Imbrication in thrust duplexes occurs at deeper levels within the wedge. Many structures within melange of the McHugh Complex are asymmetric and record ","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Structural Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science Ltd","publisherLocation":"Exeter, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1016/S0191-8141(99)00105-4","issn":"01918141","usgsCitation":"Kusky, T., and Bradley, D.C., 1999, Kinematic analysis of melange fabrics: Examples and applications from the McHugh Complex, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 21, no. 12, p. 1773-1796, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8141(99)00105-4.","startPage":"1773","endPage":"1796","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479565,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0191-8141(99)00105-4","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":206530,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8141(99)00105-4"},{"id":230131,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a409ce4b0c8380cd64ec7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kusky, T.M.","contributorId":38719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kusky","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradley, D. C.","contributorId":17634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021221,"text":"70021221 - 1999 - Benthic marine debris, with an emphasis on fishery-related items, surrounding Kodiak Island, Alaska, 1994-1996","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:49","indexId":"70021221","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2676,"text":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Benthic marine debris, with an emphasis on fishery-related items, surrounding Kodiak Island, Alaska, 1994-1996","docAbstract":"Composition and abundance of benthic marine debris were investigated during three bottom trawl surveys in inlet and offshore locations surrounding Kodiak Island, Alaska, 1994-1996. Debris items were primarily plastic and metal regardless of trawl location. Plastic bait jars, fishing line, and crab pots were the most common fishery-related debris items and were encountered in large amounts in inlets (20-25 items km-2), but were less abundant outside of inlets (4.5-11 items km-2). Overall density of debris was also significantly greater in inlets than outside of inlets. Plastic debris densities in inlets ranged 22-31.5 items km-2, 7.8-18.8 items km-2 outside of inlets. Trawls in inlets contained almost as much metal debris as plastic debris. Density of metal debris ranged from 21.2 to 23.7 items km-2 in inlets, a maximum of 2.7 items km-2 outside of inlets. Inlets around the town of Kodiak had the highest densities of fishery-related and total benthic debris. Differences in benthic debris density between inlets and outside of inlets and differences by area may be due to differences in fishing activity and water circulation patterns. At the current reduced levels of fishing activity, however, yearly monitoring of benthic debris appears unnecessary. Copyright (C) 1999.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0025-326X(99)00087-9","issn":"0025326X","usgsCitation":"Hess, N., Ribic, C., and Vining, I., 1999, Benthic marine debris, with an emphasis on fishery-related items, surrounding Kodiak Island, Alaska, 1994-1996: Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 38, no. 10, p. 885-890, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(99)00087-9.","startPage":"885","endPage":"890","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206510,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(99)00087-9"},{"id":230059,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f0c1e4b0c8380cd4a8c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hess, N.A.","contributorId":39967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hess","given":"N.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ribic, C. A. 0000-0003-2583-1778","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2583-1778","contributorId":6026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ribic","given":"C. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vining, I.","contributorId":69318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vining","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021483,"text":"70021483 - 1999 - Dendrochronology and late Holocene history of Bering piedmont glacier, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:39","indexId":"70021483","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dendrochronology and late Holocene history of Bering piedmont glacier, Alaska","docAbstract":"Fluctuations of the piedmont lobe of Bering Glacier and its sublobe Steller Glacier over the past two millennia are reconstructed using 34 radiocarbon dates and tree-ring data from 16 sites across the glaciers' forelands. The general sequence of glacial activity is consistent with well-dated fluctuations of tidewater and land-terminating glaciers elsewhere along the Gulf of Alaska. Extensive forested areas along 25 km of the Bering ice margin were inundated by glacio-lacustrine and glacio-fluvial sediments during a probable ice advance shortly before 500 cal yr A.D. Regrowth of forests followed the retreating ice as early as the 7th century A.D., with frequent interruptions of tree growth due to outwash aggradation. Forests overrun by ice and buried in outwash indicate readvance about 1080 cal yr A.D. Retreat followed, with ice-free conditions maintained along the distal portions of the forefield until the early 17th century after which the ice advanced to within a few kilometers of its outer Neoglacial moraine. Ice reached this position after the mid-17th century and prior to 200 yr ago. Since the early 20th century, glacial retreat has been punctuated by periodic surges. The record from forests overrun by the nonsurging Steller Lobe shows that this western ice margin was advancing by 1250 A.D., reaching near its outer moraine after 1420 cal yr A.D. Since the late 19th century, the lobe has dominantly retreated.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/qres.1999.2054","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Wiles, G., Post, A., Muller, E., and Molnia, B.F., 1999, Dendrochronology and late Holocene history of Bering piedmont glacier, Alaska: Quaternary Research, v. 52, no. 2, p. 185-195, https://doi.org/10.1006/qres.1999.2054.","startPage":"185","endPage":"195","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206391,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1999.2054"},{"id":229615,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe94e4b0c8380cd4ede2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiles, G.C.","contributorId":40364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiles","given":"G.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Post, A.","contributorId":51033,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Post","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Muller, E.H.","contributorId":35350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muller","given":"E.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Molnia, B. F.","contributorId":29386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Molnia","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70021549,"text":"70021549 - 1999 - Seismic hazard map of the western hemisphere","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-12T20:38:58","indexId":"70021549","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":793,"text":"Annals of Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic hazard map of the western hemisphere","docAbstract":"Vulnerability to natural disasters increases with urbanization and development of associated support systems (reservoirs, power plants, etc.). Catastrophic earthquakes account for 60% of worldwide casualties associated with natural disasters. Economic damage from earthquakes is increasing, even in technologically advanced countries with some level of seismic zonation, as shown by the 1989 Loma Prieta, CA ($6 billion), 1994 Northridge, CA ($ 25 billion), and 1995 Kobe, Japan (> $ 100 billion) earthquakes. The growth of megacities in seismically active regions around the world often includes the construction of seismically unsafe buildings and infrastructures, due to an insufficient knowledge of existing seismic hazard. Minimization of the loss of life, property damage, and social and economic disruption due to earthquakes depends on reliable estimates of seismic hazard. National, state, and local governments, decision makers, engineers, planners, emergency response organizations, builders, universities, and the general public require seismic hazard estimates for land use planning, improved building design and construction (including adoption of building construction codes), emergency response preparedness plans, economic forecasts, housing and employment decisions, and many more types of risk mitigation. The seismic hazard map of the Americas is the concatenation of various national and regional maps, involving a suite of approaches. The combined maps and documentation provide a useful global seismic hazard framework and serve as a resource for any national or regional agency for further detailed studies applicable to their needs. This seismic hazard map depicts Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) with a 10% chance of exceedance in 50 years for the western hemisphere. PGA, a short-period ground motion parameter that is proportional to force, is the most commonly mapped ground motion parameter because current building codes that include seismic provisions specify the horizontal force a building should be able to withstand during an earthquake. This seismic hazard map of the Americas depicts the likely level of short-period ground motion from earthquakes in a fifty-year window. Short-period ground motions effect short-period structures (e.g., one-to-two story buildings). The largest seismic hazard values in the western hemisphere generally occur in areas that have been, or are likely to be, the sites of the largest plate boundary earthquakes. Although the largest earthquakes ever recorded are the 1960 Chile and 1964 Alaska subduction zone earthquakes, the largest seismic hazard (PGA) value in the Americas is in Southern California (U.S.), along the San Andreas fault.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Annals of Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.4401/ag-3779","issn":"03652556","usgsCitation":"Shedlock, K.M., and Tanner, J., 1999, Seismic hazard map of the western hemisphere: Annals of Geophysics, v. 42, no. 6, p. 1199-1214, https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-3779.","startPage":"1199","endPage":"1214","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479553,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-3779","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":269208,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.4401/ag-3779"},{"id":229470,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b1be4b08c986b3175cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shedlock, K. M.","contributorId":72805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shedlock","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tanner, J.G.","contributorId":28030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanner","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":86049,"text":"86049 - 1999 - Intertidal clam diversity, size, abundance, and biomass in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, 1999 Annual Report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-19T19:37:40","indexId":"86049","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Intertidal clam diversity, size, abundance, and biomass in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, 1999 Annual Report","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Bodkin, J.L., and Kloecker, K.A., 1999, Intertidal clam diversity, size, abundance, and biomass in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, 1999 Annual Report.","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127962,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de6f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kloecker, Kimberly A. 0000-0002-2461-968X kkloecker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2461-968X","contributorId":3442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kloecker","given":"Kimberly","email":"kkloecker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021930,"text":"70021930 - 1999 - Time-budgets of Common Murres at a declining and increasing colony in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-20T13:22:35.021875","indexId":"70021930","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Time-budgets of Common Murres at a declining and increasing colony in Alaska","docAbstract":"We observed Common Murres (Uria aalge) at two breeding sites in lower Cook Inlet, Alaska, to determine whether food availability was reflected in their time-budgets at each colony. Catches of forage fish in nets and relative biomass were greater around a murre colony that has been increasing for the past 25 years than around a colony that has been decreasing over the same time period. Murres spent much more time 'loafing' on their breeding ledges at the increasing colony, particularly during the incubation period and during evening hours. However, there was little or no difference between colonies in chick feeding rates, chick growth rates, or productivity. It appears that murres at the declining colony devote more time to foraging and have less discretionary time ashore. Because this had little apparent affect on their ability to feed and rear chicks, the population decline must be due to other factors. In any case, attendance time-budgets provide a more sensitive index of food availability than other breeding parameters at murre colonies.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1525/cond.2008.8440","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Zador, S., and Piatt, J.F., 1999, Time-budgets of Common Murres at a declining and increasing colony in Alaska: Condor, v. 101, no. 1, p. 149-152, https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2008.8440.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"149","endPage":"152","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479586,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2008.8440","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229454,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb3b7e4b08c986b325f7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zador, Stephani","contributorId":60992,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zador","given":"Stephani","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":391749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021257,"text":"70021257 - 1999 - At-sea distribution of Spectacled Eiders: A 120-year-old mystery resolved","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-15T10:59:14","indexId":"70021257","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"At-sea distribution of Spectacled Eiders: A 120-year-old mystery resolved","docAbstract":"<p>The at-sea distribution of the threatened Spectacled Eider (<i>Somateria fischeri</i>) has remained largely undocumented. We identified migration corridors, staging and molting areas, and wintering areas of adult Spectacled Eiders using implanted satellite-transmitters in birds from each of the three extant breeding grounds (North Slope and Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta in Alaska and arctic Russia). Based on transmitter locations, we conducted aerial surveys to provide visual confirmation of eider flocks and to estimate numbers of birds. We identified two principal molting and staging areas off coastal Alaska (Ledyard Bay and eastern Norton Sound) and two off coastal Russia (Mechigmenskiy Bay on the eastern Chukotka Peninsula, and the area between the Indigirka and Kolyma deltas in the Republic of Sakha). We estimated that &gt;10,000 birds molt and stage in monospecific flocks at Mechigmenskiy and Ledyard bays, and several thousand molt and stage in eastern Norton Sound. We further identified eastern Norton Sound as the principal molting and staging area for females nesting on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, and Ledyard Bay and Mechigmenskiy Bay as the principal molting and staging areas for females nesting on the North Slope. Males marked at all three breeding grounds molt and stage in Mechigmenskiy Bay, Ledyard Bay, and the Indigirka-Kolyma delta region. Males from the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta molt and stage mainly at Mechigmenskiy Bay. Equal numbers of males from the North Slope molt and stage at all three areas, and most males from arctic Russia molt and stage at the Indigirka-Kolyma delta region. Postbreeding migration corridors were offshore in the Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort seas. In winter, eiders were in the Bering Sea south of St. Lawrence Island. Our estimates from surveys in late winter and early spring suggest that at least 333,000 birds winter in single-species flocks in the pack ice in the Bering Sea.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4089681","usgsCitation":"Petersen, M.R., Larned, W.W., and Douglas, D., 1999, At-sea distribution of Spectacled Eiders: A 120-year-old mystery resolved: The Auk, v. 116, no. 4, p. 1009-1020, https://doi.org/10.2307/4089681.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1009","endPage":"1020","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479626,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4089681","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":486683,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9B091HG","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Tracking Data for Spectacled Eiders (Somateria fischeri)"},{"id":230062,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia, United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -210,\n              60\n            ],\n            [\n              -145,\n              60\n            ],\n            [\n              -145,\n              73\n            ],\n            [\n              -210,\n              73\n            ],\n            [\n              -210,\n              60\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"116","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee9ce4b0c8380cd49e6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, Margaret R. 0000-0001-6082-3189 mrpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-3189","contributorId":167729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Margaret","email":"mrpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":389237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larned, William W.","contributorId":75206,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Larned","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":150115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David C.","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":389236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":86048,"text":"86048 - 1999 - Fluctuating asymmetry and genetic diversity in sea otters (Enhydra lutris)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-19T19:36:00","indexId":"86048","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Fluctuating asymmetry and genetic diversity in sea otters (Enhydra lutris)","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Bodkin, J.L., Kloecker, K.A., and Burdin, A., 1999, Fluctuating asymmetry and genetic diversity in sea otters (Enhydra lutris).","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127961,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de727","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kloecker, Kimberly A. 0000-0002-2461-968X kkloecker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2461-968X","contributorId":3442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kloecker","given":"Kimberly","email":"kkloecker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burdin, A.","contributorId":65410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burdin","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021388,"text":"70021388 - 1999 - Surgical and immediate postrelease mortality of harlequin ducks (<i>Histrionicus histrionicus</i>) implanted with abdominal radio transmitters with percutaneous antennae","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-13T12:04:50","indexId":"70021388","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2514,"text":"Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surgical and immediate postrelease mortality of harlequin ducks (<i>Histrionicus histrionicus</i>) implanted with abdominal radio transmitters with percutaneous antennae","docAbstract":"<p>Radiotelemetry is an essential tool in the study of free-ranging bird populations, and a variety of transmitter-attachment methods have been developed. A promising new method is abdominal implantation of a transmitter with a percutaneous antenna. Researchers using this technique should be concerned about and aware of mortality during surgery and during the immediate postrelease period (the 14-day period following surgery). Of 307 radio-implant surgeries performed between 1995 and 1997 in harlequin ducks (<i>Histrionicus histrionicus</i>), 7 (2.3%) deaths were documented during surgery or anesthetic recovery. Of 295 birds released with implanted radios, 10 (3.4%) died during the immediate postrelease period. Modifications to anesthetic procedures used in the 204 surgeries performed in 1996 and 1997 reduced mortality to 1.5% during surgery and 1.5% during the immediate postrelease period. Anesthetic modifications included intubation of all birds, placement of birds on an elevated platform that allowed the head to rest at a level lower than the body during surgery, placement of a heated water blanket under the birds during surgery, monitoring of body temperature, and use of electrocardiogram and Doppler ultrasound to monitor heart rates and arrhythmias. Low levels of mortality associated with abdominal implantation of radio transmitters may be unavoidable, but mortality can be minimized with adjustments to anesthetic technique.</p>","language":"English","publisher":" American Association of Zoo Veterinarians","issn":"10427260","usgsCitation":"Mulcahy, D.M., and Esler, D., 1999, Surgical and immediate postrelease mortality of harlequin ducks (<i>Histrionicus histrionicus</i>) implanted with abdominal radio transmitters with percutaneous antennae: Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, v. 30, no. 3, p. 397-401.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"397","endPage":"401","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229713,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba279e4b08c986b31f731","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mulcahy, Daniel M. dmulcahy@usgs.gov","contributorId":3102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulcahy","given":"Daniel","email":"dmulcahy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":389697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Esler, Daniel 0000-0001-5501-4555 desler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-4555","contributorId":5465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esler","given":"Daniel","email":"desler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":389696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}