Trends in the concentrations of commonly occurring pesticides in the Corn Belt of the United States were assessed, and the performance and application of several statistical methods for trend analysis were evaluated. Trends in the concentrations of 11 pesticides with sufficient data for trend assessment were assessed at up to 31 stream sites for two time periods: 1996–2002 and 2000–2006. Pesticides included in the trend analyses were atrazine, acetochlor, metolachlor, alachlor, cyanazine, EPTC, simazine, metribuzin, prometon, chlorpyrifos, and diazinon.
The statistical methods applied and compared were (1) a modified version of the nonparametric seasonal Kendall test (SEAKEN), (2) a modified version of the Regional Kendall test, (3) a parametric regression model with seasonal wave (SEAWAVE), and (4) a version of SEAWAVE with adjustment for streamflow (SEAWAVE-Q). The SEAKEN test is a statistical hypothesis test for detecting monotonic trends in seasonal time-series data such as pesticide concentrations at a particular site. Trends across a region, represented by multiple sites, were evaluated using the regional seasonal Kendall test, which computes a test for an overall trend within a region by computing a score for each season at each site and adding the scores to compute the total for the region. The SEAWAVE model is a parametric regression model specifically designed for analyzing seasonal variability and trends in pesticide concentrations. The SEAWAVE-Q model accounts for the effect of changing flow conditions in order to separate changes caused by hydrologic trends from changes caused by other factors, such as pesticide use.
There was broad, general agreement between unadjusted trends (no adjustment for streamflow effects) identified by the SEAKEN and SEAWAVE methods, including the regional seasonal Kendall test. Only about 10 percent of the paired comparisons between SEAKEN and SEAWAVE indicated a difference in the direction of trend, and none of these had differences significant at the 10-percent significance level. This consistency of results supports the validity and robustness of all three approaches as trend analysis tools. The SEAWAVE method is favored, however, because it has less restrictive data requirements, enabling analysis for more site/pesticide combinations, and can incorporate adjustment for streamflow (SEAWAVE-Q) with substantially fewer measurements than the flow-adjustment procedure used with SEAKEN.
Analysis of flow-adjusted trends is preferable to analysis of non-adjusted trends for evaluating potential effects of changes in pesticide use or management practices because flow-adjusted trends account for the influence of flow-related variability.
Analysis of flow-adjusted trends by SEAWAVE-Q showed that all of the pesticides assessed, except simazine and acetochlor, were dominated by varying degrees of concentration downtrends in one or both analysis periods. Atrazine, metolachlor, alachlor, cyanazine, EPTC, and metribuzin—all major corn herbicides, as well as prometon and chlorpyrifos, showed more prevalent concentration downtrends during 1996–2002 compared to 2000–2006. Diazinon had no clear trends during 1996–2002, but had predominantly downward trends during 2000–2006. Acetochlor trends were mixed during 1996–2002 and slightly upward during 2000–2006, but most of the trends were not statistically significant. Simazine concentrations trended upward at most sites during both 1996–2002 and 2000–2006.
Comparison of concentration trends to agricultural-use trends indicated similarity in direction and magnitude for acetochlor, metolachlor, alachlor, cyanazine, EPTC, and metribuzin. Concentration downtrends for atrazine, chlorpyrifos, and diazinon were steeper than agricultural-use downtrends at some sites, indicating the possibility that agricultural management practices may have increasingly reduced transport to streams (particularly atrazine) or, for chlorpyrifos and diazinon, that nonagricultural uses declined substantially. Concentration uptrends for simazine generally were steeper than agricultural-use uptrends, indicating the possibility that nonagricultural uses of this herbicide increased during the study period.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20095132","usgsCitation":"Sullivan, D.J., Vecchia, A.V., Lorenz, D.L., Gilliom, R.J., and Martin, J.D., 2009, Trends in pesticide concentrations in corn-belt streams, 1996-2006: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5132, x, 76 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095132.","productDescription":"x, 76 p.","temporalStart":"1996-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125604,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5132.jpg"},{"id":13159,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5132/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":352613,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5132/pdf/sir20095132.pdf"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120,30 ], [ -120,50 ], [ -75,50 ], [ -75,30 ], [ -120,30 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ce4b07f02db626b0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sullivan, Daniel J. 0000-0003-2705-3738 djsulliv@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2705-3738","contributorId":1703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Daniel","email":"djsulliv@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vecchia, Aldo V. 0000-0002-2661-4401","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2661-4401","contributorId":41810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vecchia","given":"Aldo","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lorenz, David L. 0000-0003-3392-4034 lorenz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3392-4034","contributorId":1384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenz","given":"David","email":"lorenz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gilliom, Robert J. rgilliom@usgs.gov","contributorId":488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilliom","given":"Robert","email":"rgilliom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Martin, Jeffrey D. 0000-0003-1994-5285 jdmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1994-5285","contributorId":1066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jdmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70004252,"text":"70004252 - 2009 - Mirror Lake: Past, present and future","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-20T13:04:07.568472","indexId":"70004252","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-01T16:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"6","title":"Mirror Lake: Past, present and future","docAbstract":"This chapter discusses the hydrological and biogeochemical characteristics of Mirror Lake and the changes that resulted from air-land-water interactions and human activities. Since the formation of Mirror Lake, both the watershed and the lake have undergone many changes, such as vegetation development and basin filling. These changes are ongoing, and Mirror Lake is continuing along an aging pathway and ultimately, it will fill with sediment and no longer be a lake. The chapter also identifies major factors that affected the hydrology and biogeochemistry of Mirror Lake: acid rain, atmospheric deposition of lead and other heavy metals, increased human settlement around the lake, the construction of an interstate highway through the watershed of the Northeast Tributary, the construction of an access road through the West and Northeast watersheds to the lake, and climate change. The chapter also offers future recommendations for management and protection of Mirror Lake.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mirror Lake: Interactions among air, land, and water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of California Press","doi":"10.1525/california/9780520261198.003.0006","usgsCitation":"Likens, G.E., and LaBaugh, J.W., 2009, Mirror Lake: Past, present and future, chap. 6 of Mirror Lake: Interactions among air, land, and water, p. 300-328, https://doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520261198.003.0006.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"300","endPage":"328","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-004926","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310719,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire","city":"Thorton","otherGeospatial":"Mirror Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.69443742628395,\n 43.946133590847325\n ],\n [\n -71.69532922065642,\n 43.945996516332656\n ],\n [\n -71.69555968437054,\n 43.945606934303385\n ],\n [\n -71.69557972469372,\n 43.9449648398317\n ],\n [\n -71.6957701077615,\n 43.94466904116831\n ],\n [\n -71.69589034969974,\n 43.944243377094494\n ],\n [\n -71.69563984566248,\n 43.94376720689172\n ],\n [\n -71.69551960372421,\n 43.94324774413826\n ],\n [\n -71.69521899887978,\n 43.942915862780694\n ],\n [\n -71.69475807145153,\n 43.94275713625913\n ],\n [\n -71.69443742628471,\n 43.94233145849549\n ],\n [\n -71.69415686176265,\n 43.94212222593515\n ],\n [\n -71.6933552488444,\n 43.942432467054175\n ],\n [\n -71.69283420044671,\n 43.94216551545446\n ],\n [\n -71.69223299075779,\n 43.94183362805532\n ],\n [\n -71.69178208349115,\n 43.94147287878059\n ],\n [\n -71.69138127703162,\n 43.94115541760854\n ],\n [\n -71.69138127703162,\n 43.9406647924628\n ],\n [\n -71.69093036976498,\n 43.9404122632362\n ],\n [\n -71.69038928104482,\n 43.940708083079556\n ],\n [\n -71.69013877700756,\n 43.941631608730944\n ],\n [\n -71.68934718425089,\n 43.94220159005994\n ],\n [\n -71.6890966802136,\n 43.942785995621705\n ],\n [\n -71.68959768828816,\n 43.943211670130836\n ],\n [\n -71.69036924072167,\n 43.94344254316616\n ],\n [\n -71.69001853507007,\n 43.94426502106748\n ],\n [\n -71.69051954314388,\n 43.944604109521066\n ],\n [\n -71.69158168026101,\n 43.94519570602165\n ],\n [\n -71.6925736762478,\n 43.94555643270613\n ],\n [\n -71.69385625691824,\n 43.94607587528532\n ],\n [\n -71.69443742628395,\n 43.946133590847325\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publicComments":"Freshwater ecology series","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5631f1f7e4b0c1dd0339e4ec","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Winter, Thomas C.","contributorId":84736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578550,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Likens, Gene E.","contributorId":56363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Likens","given":"Gene","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578551,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Likens, Gene E.","contributorId":56363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Likens","given":"Gene","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LaBaugh, James W. 0000-0002-4112-2536 jlabaugh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4112-2536","contributorId":1311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaBaugh","given":"James","email":"jlabaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70003412,"text":"70003412 - 2009 - Effects of open marsh water management on numbers of larval salt marsh mosquitoes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-05T18:07:03.258087","indexId":"70003412","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2385,"text":"Journal of Medical Entomology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of open marsh water management on numbers of larval salt marsh mosquitoes","docAbstract":"Open marsh water management (OMWM) is a commonly used approach to manage salt marsh mosquitoes than can obviate the need for pesticide application and at the same time, partially restore natural functions of grid-ditched marshes. OMWM includes a variety of hydrologic manipulations, often tailored to the specific conditions on individual marshes, so the overall effectiveness of this approach is difficult to assess. Here, we report the results of controlled field trials to assess the effects of two approaches to OMWM on larval mosquito production at National Wildlife Refuges (NWR). A traditional OMWM approach, using pond construction and radial ditches was used at Edwin B. Forsythe NWR in New Jersey, and a ditch-plugging approach was used at Parker River NWR in Massachusetts. Mosquito larvae were sampled from randomly placed stations on paired treatment and control marshes at each refuge. The proportion of sampling stations that were wet declined after OMWM at the Forsythe site, but not at the Parker River site. The proportion of samples with larvae present and mean larval densities, declined significantly at the treatment sites on both refuges relative to the control marshes. Percentage of control for the 2 yr posttreatment, compared with the 2 yr pretreatment, was >90% at both treatment sites.
","language":"English","publisher":"Entomological Society of America","doi":"10.1603/033.046.0620","usgsCitation":"James-Pirri, M., Ginsberg, H.S., Erwin, R.M., and Taylor, J., 2009, Effects of open marsh water management on numbers of larval salt marsh mosquitoes: Journal of Medical Entomology, v. 46, no. 6, p. 1392-1399, https://doi.org/10.1603/033.046.0620.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1392","endPage":"1399","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476051,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1603/033.046.0620","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":384096,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey;Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Edwin B. Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge; Parker River National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.2510986328125,\n 39.65487011614291\n ],\n [\n -74.15496826171874,\n 39.65487011614291\n ],\n [\n -74.15496826171874,\n 39.752073271862386\n ],\n [\n -74.2510986328125,\n 39.752073271862386\n ],\n [\n -74.2510986328125,\n 39.65487011614291\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.81787109374999,\n 42.69858589169842\n ],\n [\n -70.7636260986328,\n 42.69858589169842\n ],\n [\n -70.7636260986328,\n 42.768186784785875\n ],\n [\n -70.81787109374999,\n 42.768186784785875\n ],\n [\n -70.81787109374999,\n 42.69858589169842\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"46","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611b4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"James-Pirri, Mary-Jane","contributorId":16147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James-Pirri","given":"Mary-Jane","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ginsberg, Howard S. 0000-0002-4933-2466 hginsberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4933-2466","contributorId":3204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ginsberg","given":"Howard","email":"hginsberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Erwin, R. Michael 0000-0003-2108-9502","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2108-9502","contributorId":57125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erwin","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taylor, Janith","contributorId":66832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Janith","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":97961,"text":"sir20095213 - 2009 - Comparison of Hydrologic and Water-Quality Characteristics of Two Native Tallgrass Prairie Streams with Agricultural Streams in Missouri and Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:28","indexId":"sir20095213","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5213","title":"Comparison of Hydrologic and Water-Quality Characteristics of Two Native Tallgrass Prairie Streams with Agricultural Streams in Missouri and Kansas","docAbstract":"This report presents the results of a study by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Natural Resources, to analyze and compare hydrologic and water-quality characteristics of tallgrass prairie and agricultural basins located within the historical distribution of tallgrass prairie in Missouri and Kansas. Streamflow and water-quality data from two remnant, tallgrass prairie basins (East Drywood Creek at Prairie State Park, Missouri, and Kings Creek near Manhattan, Kansas) were compared to similar data from agricultural basins in Missouri and Kansas.\r\n\r\nPrairie streams, especially Kings Creek in eastern Kansas, received a higher percentage of base flow and a lower percentage of direct runoff than similar-sized agricultural streams in the region. A larger contribution of direct runoff from the agricultural streams made them much flashier than prairie streams. During 22 years of record, the Kings Creek base-flow component averaged 66 percent of total flow, but base flow was only 16 to 26 percent of flows at agricultural sites of various record periods. The large base-flow component likely is the result of greater infiltration of precipitation in prairie soils and the resulting greater contribution of groundwater to streamflow. The 1- and 3-day annual maximum flows were significantly greater at three agricultural sites than at Kings Creek. The effects of flashier agricultural streams on native aquatic biota are unknown, but may be an important factor in the sustainability of some native aquatic species.\r\n\r\nThere were no significant differences in the distribution of dissolved-oxygen concentrations at prairie and agricultural sites, and some samples from most sites fell below the 5 milligrams per liter Missouri and Kansas standard for the protection of aquatic life. More than 10 percent of samples from the East Drywood Creek prairie stream were less than this standard. These data indicate low dissolved-oxygen concentrations during summer low-flow periods may be a natural phenomenon for small prairie streams in the Osage Plains.\r\n\r\nNutrient concentrations including total nitrogen, ammonia, nitrate, and total phosphorus were significantly less in base-flow and runoff samples from prairie streams than from agricultural streams. The total nitrogen concentration at all sites other than one of two prairie sampling sites were, on occasion, above the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency recommended criterion for total nitrogen for the prevention of nutrient enrichment, and typically were above this recommended criterion in runoff samples at all sites. Nitrate and total phosphorus concentrations in samples from the prairie streams generally were below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency recommended nutrient criteria in base-flow and runoff samples, whereas samples from agricultural sites generally were below the criteria in base-flow samples and generally above in runoff samples. The lower concentrations of nutrient species in prairie streams is likely because prairies are not fertilized like agricultural basins and prairie basins are able to retain nutrients better than agricultural basins. This retention is enhanced by increased infiltration of precipitation into the prairie soils, decreased surface runoff, and likely less erosion than in agricultural basins.\r\n\r\nStreamflow in the small native prairie streams had more days of zero flow and lower streamflow yields than similar-sized agricultural streams. The prairie streams were at zero flow about 50 percent of the time, and the agricultural streams were at zero flow 25 to 35 percent of the time. Characteristics of the prairie basins that could account for the greater periods of zero flow and lower yields when compared to agricultural streams include greater infiltration, greater interception and evapotranspiration, shallower soils, and possible greater seepage losses in the prairie basins. Another difference between the prairie and agricultural strea","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095213","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Heimann, D.C., 2009, Comparison of Hydrologic and Water-Quality Characteristics of Two Native Tallgrass Prairie Streams with Agricultural Streams in Missouri and Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5213, vi, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095213.","productDescription":"vi, 39 p.","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125689,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5213.jpg"},{"id":13138,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5213/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98,37 ], [ -98,41 ], [ -91,41 ], [ -91,37 ], [ -98,37 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae3fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heimann, David C. 0000-0003-0450-2545 dheimann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0450-2545","contributorId":3822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heimann","given":"David","email":"dheimann@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97955,"text":"ds471 - 2009 - Historical physical and chemical data for water in Lake Powell and from Glen Canyon Dam releases, Utah-Arizona, 1964–2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-12T19:47:52.032639","indexId":"ds471","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"471","title":"Historical physical and chemical data for water in Lake Powell and from Glen Canyon Dam releases, Utah-Arizona, 1964–2013","docAbstract":"This report presents the physical and chemical characteristics of water in Lake Powell and from Glen Canyon Dam releases from 1964 through 2013. These data are available in a several electronic formats. Data have been collected throughout this period by various offices of the Bureau of Reclamation and U.S. Geological Survey and are compiled to represent the existing body of chemical and physical information on Lake Powell and Glen Canyon Dam releases. From this record, further interpretation may be made concerning mixing processes in Lake Powell, the movement and fate of advective inflow currents, effects of climate and hydrological variations, and the effects of the operation and structure of Glen Canyon Dam on the quality of water in Lake Powell and from Glen Canyon Dam releases.
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The equations define the statistical relations between streamflow statistics (response variables) and basin and climatic characteristics (predictor variables). The equations were developed using generalized least-squares and weighted least-squares multilinear regression reliant on logarithmic variable transformation. Streamflow statistics were derived from at least 10 years of streamflow data through about 2007 from selected USGS streamflow-gaging stations in the study area that are representative of natural-flow conditions. Basin and climatic characteristics used for equation development are drainage area, mean watershed elevation, mean watershed slope, percentage of drainage area above 7,500 feet of elevation, mean annual precipitation, and 6-hour, 100-year precipitation. For each of five hydrologic regions in Colorado, peak-streamflow equations that are based on peak-streamflow data from selected stations are presented for the 2-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, 100-, 200-, and 500-year instantaneous-peak streamflows. For four of the five hydrologic regions, equations based on daily-mean streamflow data from selected stations are presented for 7-day minimum 2-, 10-, and 50-year streamflows and for 7-day maximum 2-, 10-, and 50-year streamflows. Other equations presented for the same four hydrologic regions include those for estimation of annual- and monthly-mean streamflow and streamflow-duration statistics for exceedances of 10, 25, 50, 75, and 90 percent. All equations are reported along with salient diagnostic statistics, ranges of basin and climatic characteristics on which each equation is based, and commentary of potential bias, which is not otherwise removed by log-transformation of the variables of the equations from interpretation of residual plots. The predictor-variable ranges can be used to assess equation applicability for ungaged sites in Colorado.
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Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-07T15:07:42.017761","indexId":"ofr20091178","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1178","title":"Water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data (October 2007 through September 2008) and statistical summaries of long-term data for streams in the Clark Fork Basin, Montana","docAbstract":"Water, bed sediment, and biota were sampled in streams from Butte to near Missoula as part of a long-term monitoring program in the upper Clark Fork basin; additional water samples were collected in the Clark Fork basin from sites near Missoula downstream to near the confluence of the Clark Fork and Flathead River as part of a supplemental sampling program. The sampling programs were conducted in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to characterize aquatic resources in the Clark Fork basin of western Montana, with emphasis on trace elements associated with historic mining and smelting activities. Sampling sites were located on the Clark Fork and selected tributaries. Water samples were collected periodically at 23 sites from October 2007 through September 2008. Bed-sediment and biota samples were collected once at 13 sites during August 2008.\r\n\r\nThis report presents the analytical results and quality assurance data for water-quality, bed-sediment, and biota samples collected at all long-term and supplemental monitoring sites from October 2007 through September 2008. Water-quality data include concentrations of selected major ions, trace elements, and suspended sediment. Turbidity was analyzed for water samples collected at sites where seasonal daily values of turbidity were being determined and at Clark Fork above Missoula. Nutrients also were analyzed at all the supplemental water-quality sites, except for Clark Fork Bypass, near Bonner. Daily values of suspended-sediment concentration and suspended-sediment discharge were determined for four sites, and seasonal daily values of turbidity were determined for four sites. Bed-sediment data include trace-element concentrations in the fine-grained fraction. Biological data include trace-element concentrations in whole-body tissue of aquatic benthic insects. Statistical summaries of long-term water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data for sites in the upper Clark Fork basin are provided for the period of record since 1985.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091178","isbn":"9781411325494","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Dodge, K.A., Hornberger, M.I., and Dyke, J., 2009, Water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data (October 2007 through September 2008) and statistical summaries of long-term data for streams in the Clark Fork Basin, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1178, vi, 140 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091178.","productDescription":"vi, 140 p.","temporalStart":"2007-10-01","temporalEnd":"2008-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":400,"text":"Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125485,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1178.jpg"},{"id":13111,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1178/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115.5,45.5 ], [ -115.5,48 ], [ -112.25,48 ], [ -112.25,45.5 ], [ -115.5,45.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cfe4b07f02db545b68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dodge, Kent A. kdodge@usgs.gov","contributorId":1036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodge","given":"Kent","email":"kdodge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hornberger, Michelle I. 0000-0002-7787-3446 mhornber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7787-3446","contributorId":1037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornberger","given":"Michelle","email":"mhornber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dyke, Jessica jldyke@usgs.gov","contributorId":1035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dyke","given":"Jessica","email":"jldyke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97935,"text":"ofr20091214 - 2009 - Quality of Surface Water in Missouri, Water Year 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:28","indexId":"ofr20091214","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1214","title":"Quality of Surface Water in Missouri, Water Year 2008","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Natural Resources, designed and operates a series of monitoring stations on streams throughout Missouri known as the Ambient Water-Quality Monitoring Network. During the 2008 water year (October 1, 2007, through September 30, 2008), data were collected at 67 stations, including two U.S. Geological Survey National Stream Quality Accounting Network stations and one spring sampled in cooperation with the U.S. Forest Service. Dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, water temperature, suspended solids, suspended sediment, fecal coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli bacteria, dissolved nitrate plus nitrite, total phosphorus, dissolved and total recoverable lead and zinc, and selected pesticide data summaries are presented for 64 of these stations. The stations primarily have been classified into groups corresponding to the physiography of the State, primary land use, or unique station types. In addition, a summary of hydrologic conditions in the State including peak discharges, monthly mean discharges, and seven-day low flow is presented.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091214","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Otero-Benitez, W., and Davis, J., 2009, Quality of Surface Water in Missouri, Water Year 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1214, iv, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091214.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p.","temporalStart":"2007-10-01","temporalEnd":"2008-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118552,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1214.jpg"},{"id":13107,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1214/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -96,36 ], [ -96,41 ], [ -89,41 ], [ -89,36 ], [ -96,36 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db654ded","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Otero-Benitez, William","contributorId":43862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otero-Benitez","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, Jerri V. jdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":2667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Jerri V.","email":"jdavis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70148673,"text":"70148673 - 2009 - Defining restoration targets for water depth and salinity in wind-dominated Spartina patens (Ait.) Muhl. coastal marshes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-19T10:10:25","indexId":"70148673","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-15T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Defining restoration targets for water depth and salinity in wind-dominated Spartina patens (Ait.) Muhl. coastal marshes","docAbstract":"Coastal wetlands provide valued ecosystem functions but the sustainability of those functions often is threatened by artificial hydrologic conditions. It is widely recognized that increased flooding and salinity can stress emergent plants, but there are few measurements to guide restoration, management, and mitigation. Marsh flooding can be estimated over large areas with few data where winds have little effect on water levels, but quantifying flooding requires hourly measurements over long time periods where tides are wind-dominated such as the northern Gulf of Mexico. Estimating salinity of flood water requires direct daily measurements because coastal marshes are characterized by dynamic salinity gradients. We analyzed 399,772 hourly observations of water depth and 521,561 hourly observations of water salinity from 14 sites in Louisiana coastal marshes dominated by Spartina patens (Ait.) Muhl. Unlike predicted water levels, observed water levels varied monthly and annually. We attributed those observed variations to variations in river runoff and winds. In stable marshes with slow wetland loss rates, we found that marsh elevation averaged 1 cm above mean high water, 15 cm above mean water, and 32 cm above mean low water levels. Water salinity averaged 3.7 ppt during April, May, and June, and 5.4 ppt during July, August, and September. The daily, seasonal, and annual variation in water levels and salinity that were evident would support the contention that such variation be retained when designing and operating coastal wetland management and restoration projects. Our findings might be of interest to scientists, engineers, and managers involved in restoration, management, and restoration in other regions where S. patens or similar species are common but local data are unavailable.
","language":"English","publisher":"European Geophysical Society","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.06.001","usgsCitation":"Nyman, J., LaPeyre, M.K., Caldwell, A.W., Piazza, S.C., Thom, C., and Winslow, C., 2009, Defining restoration targets for water depth and salinity in wind-dominated Spartina patens (Ait.) Muhl. coastal marshes: Journal of Hydrology, v. 376, no. 3-4, p. 327-336, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.06.001.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"327","endPage":"336","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-007506","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":301340,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"376","issue":"3-4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55853d39e4b023124e8f5afb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nyman, J.A.","contributorId":56835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nyman","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LaPeyre, Megan K. 0000-0001-9936-2252 mlapeyre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9936-2252","contributorId":585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaPeyre","given":"Megan","email":"mlapeyre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Caldwell, Andral W. 0000-0003-1269-5463 acaldwel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1269-5463","contributorId":3228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Andral","email":"acaldwel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Piazza, Sarai C. 0000-0001-6962-9008 piazzas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6962-9008","contributorId":466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piazza","given":"Sarai","email":"piazzas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":548993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thom, C.","contributorId":56479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thom","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Winslow, C.","contributorId":57693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winslow","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":97917,"text":"ofr20091076 - 2009 - Water Use in Wisconsin, 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-01T11:34:37","indexId":"ofr20091076","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1076","title":"Water Use in Wisconsin, 2005","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Wisconsin Water Science Center is responsible for presenting data collected or estimated for water withdrawals and diversions every 5 years to the National Water-Use Information Program (NWUIP). This program serves many purposes such as quantifying how much, where, and for what purpose water is used; tracking and documenting water-use trends and changes; and providing these data to other agencies to support hydrologic projects. In 2005, data at both the county and subbasin levels were compiled into the USGS national water-use database system; these data are published in a statewide summary report and a national circular. This publication, Water Use in Wisconsin, 2005, presents the water-use estimates for 2005; this publication also describes how these water-use data were determined (including assumptions used), limitations of using these data, and trends in water-use data presented to the NWUIP. Estimates of water use in Wisconsin indicate that about 8,608 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) were withdrawn during 2005. Of this amount, about 7,622 Mgal/d (89 percent) were from surface-water sources and about 986 Mgal/d (11 percent) were from ground-water sources. Surface water used for cooling at thermoelectric-power plants constituted the largest portion of daily use at 6,898 Mgal/d. Water provided by public-supply water utilities is the second largest use of water and totaled 552 Mgal/d. Public supply served approximately 71 percent of the estimated 2005 Wisconsin population of 5.54 million people; two counties - Milwaukee and Dane - accounted for more than one-third of the public-supply withdrawal. Industrial and irrigation were the next major water uses at 471 and 402 Mgal/d, respectively. Non-irrigational agricultural (livestock and aquaculture) accounted for approximately 155 Mgal/d and is similar to the combined withdrawal for the remaining water-use categories of domestic, commercial, and mining (131 Mgal/d). Data on water use in Wisconsin by source of water and category of use have been compiled at 5-year intervals since 1950. During the past 55 years (1950-2005), water withdrawn to meet demands for public supply and self-supplied irrigation, industrial, commercial, domestic, and livestock increased 333 percent (1,117 Mgal/d). The greatest increases were for public supply, industrial, and irrigation, and are reflected in the increasing total per-capita water-use values. In recent (2000 and 2005) water-use estimation years, both public-supply and self-supplied domestic per-capita-use values have been declining. This can be attributed, at least in part, to a reduction in industrial-water deliveries, increased water-efficiency standards, and the implementation of leak-detection programs and water-conservation practices. However, when making comparisons to evaluate trends among other Wisconsin water-use estimation years, it is important to be aware of changes that may have occurred in estimation methods or objectives that create differences. Some changes that have occurred are the availability of data and information about water use, changes in data sources and estimation methods, and the inclusion and exclusion of certain water-use categories. These differences may have an effect on apparent trends and make comparing trends difficult.
","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091076","usgsCitation":"Buchwald, C.A., 2009, Water Use in Wisconsin, 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1076, viii, 75 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091076.","productDescription":"viii, 75 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2005-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118476,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1076.jpg"},{"id":13089,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1076/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\n\"features\":[\n{\"type\":\"Feature\",\n\"id\":\"3055\",\n\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Dane\",\"state\":\"WI\"},\n\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\n\"coordinates\":[\n[[-89.0094,43.286],[-89.0084,43.2555],[-89.0094,43.2],[-89.01,43.1131],[-89.0109,43.0849],[-89.0107,43.0271],[-89.0132,42.9353],[-89.013,42.8762],[-89.0119,42.8471],[-89.132,42.8479],[-89.2488,42.8478],[-89.3689,42.8484],[-89.3688,42.8575],[-89.4832,42.858],[-89.6026,42.8575],[-89.7196,42.8587],[-89.8377,42.8598],[-89.8375,42.9471],[-89.8386,43.0317],[-89.8384,43.1181],[-89.8394,43.205],[-89.8325,43.2123],[-89.825,43.2187],[-89.8175,43.226],[-89.8125,43.2342],[-89.8088,43.2369],[-89.8012,43.2365],[-89.7874,43.2356],[-89.771,43.237],[-89.7579,43.2379],[-89.7529,43.2443],[-89.7485,43.2507],[-89.7391,43.2548],[-89.7259,43.2644],[-89.7171,43.2739],[-89.714,43.2821],[-89.7165,43.2867],[-89.7235,43.2935],[-89.7209,43.2935],[-89.6008,43.2932],[-89.4819,43.2942],[-89.3617,43.2954],[-89.3624,43.2832],[-89.246,43.2834],[-89.1271,43.2827],[-89.0094,43.286]]]}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d1e4b07f02db5db903","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buchwald, Cheryl A. 0000-0001-8968-5023 cabuchwa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8968-5023","contributorId":1943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchwald","given":"Cheryl","email":"cabuchwa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97910,"text":"ofr20091193 - 2009 - Near-field receiving water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in South San Francisco Bay, California: 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-15T21:08:42.875025","indexId":"ofr20091193","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1193","displayTitle":"Near-Field Receiving Water Monitoring of Trace Metals and a Benthic Community Near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in South San Francisco Bay, California: 2008","title":"Near-field receiving water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in South San Francisco Bay, California: 2008","docAbstract":"Results reported herein include trace element concentrations in sediment and in the clam Macoma petalum (formerly reported as Macoma balthica (Cohen and Carlton, 1995)), clam reproductive activity, and benthic macroinvertebrate community structure for a mudflat one kilometer south of the discharge of the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant (PARWQCP) in South San Francisco Bay. This report includes data collected for the period January 2008 to December 2008 and extends a critical long-term biogeochemical record dating back to 1974. These data serve as the basis for the City of Palo Alto's Near-Field Receiving Water Monitoring Program, initiated in 1994.
In 2008, metal concentrations in both sediments and clam tissue were among the lowest concentrations on record and consistent with results observed since 1991. Following significant reductions in the late 1980's, silver (Ag) and copper (Cu) concentrations appeared to have stabilized. Annual mean concentrations have fluctuated modestly (2–4 fold) in a nondirectional manner. Data for other metals, including chromium, mercury, nickel, selenium, vanadium, and zinc, have been collected since 1994. Over this period, concentrations of these elements, which more likely reflect regional inputs and systemwide processes, have remained relatively constant, aside from typical seasonal variation that is common to all elements. Within years, concentrations generally reach maximum in winter months (January–March) and decline to annual minima in spring through fall. Mercury (Hg) in sediments spiked to the highest observed level in January 2008. However, sedimentary concentrations for the rest of the year and concentrations of Hg in M. petalum for the entire year were consistent with data from previous years. Average selenium (Se) concentrations in sediment were the highest on record, but there is no evidence, yet, to suggest a temporal trend of increasing sedimentary Se. Selenium in M. petalum was not elevated relative to past years. Overall, Cu and Ag concentrations in sediments and soft tissues of the clam, M. petalum, remained representative of the concentrations observed since 1991 following significant reductions in the discharge of these elements from PARWQCP, suggesting that, similar to other elements of regulatory interest, regional scale factors now largely influence sedimentary and bioavailable concentrations of Cu and Ag.
Analyses of the benthic-community structure of a mudflat in South San Francisco Bay over a 31-year period show that changes in the community have occurred concurrent with reduced concentrations of metals in the sediment and in the tissues of the biosentinel clam, M. petalum, from the same area. Analysis of the reproductive activity of M. petalum shows increases in reproductive activity concurrent with the decline in metal concentrations in the tissues of this organism. Reproductive activity is presently stable, with almost all animals initiating reproduction in the fall and spawning the following spring of most years. The community has shifted from being dominated by several opportunistic species to a community where the species are more similar in abundance, a pattern that suggests a more stable community that is subjected to less stress. In addition, two of the opportunistic species (Ampelisca abdita and Streblospio benedicti) that brood their young and live on the surface of the sediment in tubes, have shown a continual decline in dominance coincident with the decline in metals. Heteromastus filiformis, a subsurface polychaete worm that lives in the sediment, consumes sediment and organic particles residing in the sediment, and reproduces by laying their eggs on or in the sediment, has shown a concurrent increase in dominance and is now showing signs of population stability. An unidentified disturbance occurred on the mudflat in early 2008 that resulted in the loss of the benthic animals, except for those deep dwelling animals like Macoma petalum. Animals immediately returned to the mudflat, which is indicative that the disturbance was not due to a persistent toxin or due to anoxia. This event allows us to examine the response of the mudflat benthic community to a natural disturbance (possible causes include sediment accretion or freshwater inundation) and compare this recovery to the longer term recovery we observed in the 1970s.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091193","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Palo Alto, California","usgsCitation":"Cain, D.J., Thompson, J.K., Dyke, J., Parcheso, F., Luoma, S.N., and Hornberger, M.I., 2009, Near-field receiving water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in South San Francisco Bay, California: 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1193, vii, 120 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091193.","productDescription":"vii, 120 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":434,"text":"National Research Program","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125494,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1193.jpg"},{"id":402243,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_87449.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":13083,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1193/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.10286617279053,\n 37.45564662685196\n ],\n [\n -122.09973335266112,\n 37.45564662685196\n ],\n [\n -122.09973335266112,\n 37.459734584562185\n ],\n [\n -122.10286617279053,\n 37.459734584562185\n ],\n [\n -122.10286617279053,\n 37.45564662685196\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db697fd6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cain, Daniel J. 0000-0002-3443-0493 djcain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3443-0493","contributorId":1784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"Daniel","email":"djcain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - 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2009 - Bankfull discharge and channel characteristics of streams in New York State","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-14T13:10:15","indexId":"sir20095144","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5144","title":"Bankfull discharge and channel characteristics of streams in New York State","docAbstract":"Equations that relate drainage area to bankfull discharge and channel characteristics (such as width, depth, and cross-sectional area) at gaged sites are needed to help define bankfull discharge and channel characteristics at ungaged sites and can be used in stream-restoration and protection projects, stream-channel classification, and channel assessments. These equations are intended to serve as a guide for streams in areas of similar hydrologic, climatic, and physiographic conditions. New York State contains eight hydrologic regions that were previously delineated on the basis of high-flow (flood) characteristics. This report seeks to increase understanding of the factors affecting bankfull discharge and channel characteristics to drainage-area size relations in New York State by providing an in-depth analysis of seven previously published regional bankfull-discharge and channel-characteristics curves.
Stream-survey data and discharge records from 281 cross sections at 82 streamflow-gaging stations were used in regression analyses to relate drainage area to bankfull discharge and bankfull-channel width, depth, and cross-sectional area. The R2 and standard errors of estimate of each regional equation were compared to the R2 and standard errors of estimate for the statewide (pooled) model to determine if regionalizing data reduced model variability. It was found that regional models typically yield less variable results than those obtained using pooled statewide equations, which indicates statistically significant regional differences in bankfull-discharge and channel-characteristics relations.
Statistical analysis of bankfull-discharge relations found that curves for regions 4 and 7 fell outside the 95-percent confidence interval bands of the statewide model and had intercepts that were significantly diferent (p≤0.10) from the other five hydrologic regions.Analysis of channel-characteristics relations found that the bankfull width, depth, and cross-sectional area curves for region 3 were significantly different p(≤0.05) from the other six regions.
It was hypothesized that some regional variability could be reduced by creating models for streams with similar physiographic and climatic characteristics. Available data on streamflow patterns and previous regional-curve research suggested that mean annual runoff, Rosgen stream type, and water-surface slope were the variables most likely to influence regional bankfull discharge and channel characteristics to drainage-area size relations. Results showed that although all of these factors had an influence on regional relations, most stratified models have lower 2 values and higher standard errors of estimate than the regional models.
The New York statewide (pooled) bankfull-discharge equation and equations for regions 4 and 7 were compared with equations for four other regions in the Northeast to evaluate region-to-region differences, and assess the ability of individual curves to produce results more accurate than those that would be obtained from one model of the northeastern United States. Results indicated that model slopes lack significant diferences, though intercepts are significantly different. Comparison of bankfull-discharge estimates using different models shows that results could vary by as much as 100 percent depending on which model was used and indicated that regionalization improved model accuracy.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20095144","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, New York Department of State, New York State Department of Transportation, and New York City Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Mulvihill, C., Baldigo, B.P., Miller, S.J., DeKoskie, D., and DuBois, J., 2009, Bankfull discharge and channel characteristics of streams in New York State: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5144, vi, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095144.","productDescription":"vi, 52 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339652,"rank":7,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20075227","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 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2007-5189","linkHelpText":"- Regionalized Equations for Bankfull Discharge and Channel Characteristics of Streams in New York State—Hydrologic Regions 1 and 2 in the Adirondack Region of Northern New York"},{"id":339651,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20055100","text":" Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5100 ","linkHelpText":"- Regionalized Equations for Bankfull-Discharge and Channel Characteristics of Streams in New York State—Hydrologic Region 6 in the Southern Tier of New York"},{"id":13076,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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York\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Rd
Troy, NY 12180
(518) 285-5695
http://ny.water.usgs.gov/
This report presents surface water and surface (top 0-2 cm) sediment geochemical data collected during 2005-2006, as part of a larger study of mercury (Hg) dynamics in seasonal and permanently flooded wetland habitats within the lower Sacramento River basin, Yolo County, California. The study was conducted in two phases. Phase I represented reconnaissance sampling and included three locations within the Cache Creek drainage basin; two within the Cache Creek Nature Preserve (CCNP) and one in the Cache Creek Settling Basin (CCSB) within the creek's main channel near the southeast outlet to the Yolo Bypass. Two additional downstream sites within the Yolo Bypass Wildlife Area (YBWA) were also sampled during Phase I, including one permanently flooded wetland and one seasonally flooded wetland, which had began being flooded only 1–2 days before Phase I sampling.
Results from Phase I include: (a) a negative correlation between total mercury (THg) and the percentage of methylmercury (MeHg) in unfiltered surface water; (b) a positive correlation between sediment THg concentration and sediment organic content; (c) surface water and sediment THg concentrations were highest at the CCSB site; (d) sediment inorganic reactive mercury (Hg(II)R) concentration was positively related to sediment oxidation-reduction potential and negatively related to sediment acid volatile sulfur (AVS) concentration; (e) sediment Hg(II)R concentrations were highest at the two YBWA sites; (f) unfiltered surface water MeHg concentration was highest at the seasonal wetland YBWA site, and sediment MeHg was highest at the permanently flooded YBWA site; (g) a 1,000-fold increase in sediment pore water sulfate concentration was observed in the downstream transect from the CCNP to the YBWA; (h) low sediment pore water sulfide concentrations (<1 µmol/L) across all sites; and (i) iron (Fe) speciation data suggest a higher potential for microbial Fe(III)-reduction in the YBWA compared to the CCSB.
Phase II sampling did not include the original three Cache Creek sites, but instead focused on the original two sites within the YBWA and a similarly paired set of seasonally and permanently flooded wetland sites within the CCSB. Sediment sampling at the YBWA and CCSB occurred approximately 28 days and 52 days, respectively, after the initial flooding of the respective seasonal wetlands, and again towards the end of the seasonal flooding period (end of May 2006). Results from Phase II sampling include: (a) sediment MeHg concentration and the percentage of THg as MeHg (%MeHg) in unfiltered surface waters were generally higher in the YBWA compared to the CCSB; (b) suspended sediment concentration (SCC) in surface water was positively correlated with both THg and MeHg in unfiltered water across all sites, although the relationship between SCC and MeHg differed for the two regions, suggesting local MeHg sources; (c) MeHg concentration in unfiltered surface water was positively correlated to sediment MeHg concentrations across all sites, supporting the suggestion of unique local (sediment) sources of MeHg to the water column; (d) THg concentration in filtered water was positively correlated with both total Fe and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), offering additional support for the role of these constituents in the partitioning of THg between particulate and dissolved phases; (e) flooding of the YBWA seasonal wetland resulted in a rapid and significant (5-fold) rise in sediment MeHg concentration within 3–4 weeks following inundation; and (f) temporal changes in sediment S and Fe speciation suggest that rates of both microbial sulfate reduction and Fe(III)-reduction were significantly higher at YBWA, compared to CCSB, during the period between flooding and drying.
The geochemical data presented in this report indicate that (a) strong spatial and temporal differences in Hg speciation and transformations can occur within the range of wetland habitats found in the lower Sacramento River basin; (b) flooding of seasonal wetlands can be accompanied by a rapid increase in benthic MeHg production and the release of previously formed MeHg (generated during or since the previous flooding season) to the overlying water column; (c) S and Fe chemistry, and associated microbial reduction pathways, play an important role in mediating the speciation and transformation of Hg in these wetland habitats; (d) hydroperiod is a primary forcing function in mediating MeHg production among various wetland types; and (e) MeHg production appears to be more active in the YBWA compared to the CCSB.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091182","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Sacramento Regional County Sanitation District, the Sacramento River Watershed Program, and the United States Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Marvin-DiPasquale, M., Alpers, C.N., and Fleck, J., 2009, Mercury, methylmercury, and other constituents in sediment and water from seasonal and permanent wetlands in the Cache Creek settling basin and Yolo Bypass, Yolo County, California, 2005-06: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1182, xi, 69 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091182.","productDescription":"xi, 69 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2005-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":434,"text":"National Research Program","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118532,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1182.jpg"},{"id":352998,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1182/of2009-1182.pdf"},{"id":13069,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1182/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Yolo County","otherGeospatial":"Cache Creek settling basin, Yolo Bypass","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.96666666666667,38.46666666666667 ], [ -121.96666666666667,38.75 ], [ -121.5,38.75 ], [ -121.5,38.46666666666667 ], [ -121.96666666666667,38.46666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624dcb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark 0000-0002-8186-9167 mmarvin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8186-9167","contributorId":149175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin-DiPasquale","given":"Mark","email":"mmarvin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fleck, Jacob A. 0000-0002-3217-3972 jafleck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3217-3972","contributorId":1498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleck","given":"Jacob A.","email":"jafleck@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97898,"text":"tm4F2 - 2009 - AnalyzeHOLE - An Integrated Wellbore Flow Analysis Tool","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:03","indexId":"tm4F2","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"4-F2","title":"AnalyzeHOLE - An Integrated Wellbore Flow Analysis Tool","docAbstract":"Conventional interpretation of flow logs assumes that hydraulic conductivity is directly proportional to flow change with depth. However, well construction can significantly alter the expected relation between changes in fluid velocity and hydraulic conductivity. Strong hydraulic conductivity contrasts between lithologic intervals can be masked in continuously screened wells. Alternating intervals of screen and blank casing also can greatly complicate the relation between flow and hydraulic properties. More permeable units are not necessarily associated with rapid fluid-velocity increases. Thin, highly permeable units can be misinterpreted as thick and less permeable intervals or not identified at all. These conditions compromise standard flow-log interpretation because vertical flow fields are induced near the wellbore.\r\n\r\nAnalyzeHOLE, an integrated wellbore analysis tool for simulating flow and transport in wells and aquifer systems, provides a better alternative for simulating and evaluating complex well-aquifer system interaction. A pumping well and adjacent aquifer system are simulated with an axisymmetric, radial geometry in a two-dimensional MODFLOW model. Hydraulic conductivities are distributed by depth and estimated with PEST by minimizing squared differences between simulated and measured flows and drawdowns. Hydraulic conductivity can vary within a lithology but variance is limited with regularization. Transmissivity of the simulated system also can be constrained to estimates from single-well, pumping tests. Water-quality changes in the pumping well are simulated with simple mixing models between zones of differing water quality. These zones are differentiated by backtracking thousands of particles from the well screens with MODPATH. An Excel spreadsheet is used to interface the various components of AnalyzeHOLE by (1) creating model input files, (2) executing MODFLOW, MODPATH, PEST, and supporting FORTRAN routines, and (3) importing and graphically displaying pertinent results.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chapter 2 of Section F, Groundwater, Book 4, Hydrologic Analysis and Interpretation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tm4F2","usgsCitation":"Halford, K., 2009, AnalyzeHOLE - An Integrated Wellbore Flow Analysis Tool: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 4-F2, Report: viii, 47 p.; Application Files (ZIP), https://doi.org/10.3133/tm4F2.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 47 p.; Application Files (ZIP)","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118604,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm_4_f2.jpg"},{"id":13072,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/tm4f2/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c36f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halford, Keith 0000-0002-7322-1846","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7322-1846","contributorId":74845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halford","given":"Keith","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97889,"text":"sim3093 - 2009 - Potentiometric Surface of the Upper Floridan Aquifer, West-Central Florida, May 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:48","indexId":"sim3093","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3093","title":"Potentiometric Surface of the Upper Floridan Aquifer, West-Central Florida, May 2009","docAbstract":"The Floridan aquifer system consists of the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers separated by the middle confining unit. The middle confining unit and the Lower Floridan aquifer in west-central Florida generally contain highly mineralized water. The water-bearing units containing fresh water are herein referred to as the Upper Floridan aquifer. The Upper Floridan aquifer is the principal source of water in the Southwest Florida Water Management District and is used for major public supply, domestic use, irrigation, and brackish water desalination in coastal communities (Southwest Florida Water Management District, 2000).\r\n\r\nThis map report shows the potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer measured in May 2009. The potentiometric surface is an imaginary surface connecting points of equal altitude to which water will rise in tightly-cased wells that tap a confined aquifer system (Lohman, 1979). This map represents water-level conditions near the end of the dry season, when ground-water levels usually are at an annual low and withdrawals for agricultural use typically are high. The cumulative average rainfall of 48.53 inches for west-central Florida (from June 2008 through May 2009) was 4.12 inches below the historical cumulative average of 52.65 inches (Southwest Florida Water Management District, 2009). Historical cumulative averages are calculated from regional rainfall summary reports (1915 to most recent complete calendar year) and are updated monthly by the Southwest Florida Water Management District.\r\n\r\nThis report, prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Southwest Florida Water Management District, is part of a semi-annual series of Upper Floridan aquifer potentiometric-surface map reports for west-central Florida. Potentiometric-surface maps have been prepared for January 1964, May 1969, May 1971, May 1973, May 1974, and for each May and September since 1975. Water-level data are collected in May and September each year to show the approximate annual low and high water-level conditions, respectively. Most of the water-level data for this map were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey during the period May 18-22, 2009. Supplemental water-level data were collected by other agencies and companies. A corresponding potentiometric-surface map was prepared for areas east and north of the Southwest Florida Water Management District boundary by the U.S. Geological Survey office in Orlando, Florida (Kinnaman and Dixon, 2009). \r\n\r\nMost water-level measurements were made during a 5-day period; therefore, measurements do not represent a 'snapshot' of conditions at a specific time, nor do they necessarily coincide with the seasonal low water-level condition. The potentiometric contours are generalized to synoptically portray the head in a dynamic hydrologic system, taking due account of the variations in hydrogeologic conditions, such as differing depths of wells, nonsimultaneous measurements of water levels, variable effects of pumping, and changing climatic influence. The potentiometric contours may not conform exactly with the individual measurements of water levels.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"May 2009 west-central Florida UFA potentiometric map","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim3093","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Southwest Florida Water Management District","usgsCitation":"Ortiz, A.G., 2009, Potentiometric Surface of the Upper Floridan Aquifer, West-Central Florida, May 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3093, Map Sheet: 34 x 34 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3093.","productDescription":"Map Sheet: 34 x 34 inches","temporalStart":"2009-05-01","temporalEnd":"2009-05-31","costCenters":[{"id":206,"text":"Cooperative Water Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195222,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":13376,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3093/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"500000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84.5,26.25 ], [ -84.5,30 ], [ -80.75,30 ], [ -80.75,26.25 ], [ -84.5,26.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e1e4b07f02db5e499e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ortiz, Anita G. agourlay@usgs.gov","contributorId":1855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ortiz","given":"Anita","email":"agourlay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97880,"text":"tm5A10 - 2009 - Determination of glyphosate, its degradation product aminomethylphosphonic acid, and glufosinate, in water by isotope dilution and online solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-15T12:38:42","indexId":"tm5A10","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"5-A10","title":"Determination of glyphosate, its degradation product aminomethylphosphonic acid, and glufosinate, in water by isotope dilution and online solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey method (0-2141-09) presented is approved for the determination of glyphosate, its degradation product aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), and glufosinate in water. It was was validated to demonstrate the method detection levels (MDL), compare isotope dilution to standard addition, and evaluate method and compound stability. The original method USGS analytical method 0-2136-01 was developed using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and quantitation by standard addition. Lower method detection levels and increased specificity were achieved in the modified method, 0-2141-09, by using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). The use of isotope dilution for glyphosate and AMPA and pseudo isotope dilution of glufosinate in place of standard addition was evaluated. Stable-isotope labeled AMPA and glyphosate were used as the isotope dilution standards. In addition, the stability of glyphosate and AMPA was studied in raw filtered and derivatized water samples.\r\n\r\nThe stable-isotope labeled glyphosate and AMPA standards were added to each water sample and the samples then derivatized with 9-fluorenylmethylchloroformate. After derivatization, samples were concentrated using automated online solid-phase extraction (SPE) followed by elution in-line with the LC mobile phase; the compounds separated and then were analyzed by LC/MS/MS using electrospray ionization in negative-ion mode with multiple-reaction monitoring. The deprotonated derivatized parent molecule and two daughter-ion transition pairs were identified and optimized for glyphosate, AMPA, glufosinate, and the glyphosate and AMPA stable-isotope labeled internal standards.\r\n\r\nQuantitative comparison between standard addition and isotope dilution was conducted using 473 samples analyzed between April 2004 and June 2006. The mean percent difference and relative standard deviation between the two quantitation methods was 7.6 plus or minus 6.30 (n = 179), AMPA 9.6 plus or minus 8.35 (n = 206), and glufosinate 9.3 plus or minus 9.16 (n = 16).\r\n\r\nThe analytical variation of the method, comparison of quantitation by isotope dilution and multipoint linear regressed standard curves, and method detection levels were evaluated by analyzing six sets of distilled-water, groundwater, and surface-water samples spiked in duplicate at 0.0, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.50 microgram per liter and analyzed on 6 different days during 1 month. The grand means of the normalized concentration percentage recovery for glyphosate, AMPA, and glufosinate among all three matrices and spiked concentrations ranged from 99 to 114 plus or minus 2 to 7 percent of the expected spiked concentration. The grand mean of the percentage difference between concentrations calculated by standard addition and linear regressed multipoint standard curves ranged from 8 to 15 plus or minus 2 to 9 percent for the three compounds. The method reporting levels calculated from all the 0.05- microgram per liter spiked samples were 0.02 microgram per liter for all three compounds.\r\n\r\nCompound stability experiments were conducted on 10 samples derivatized four times for periods between 136 to 269 days. The glyphosate and AMPA concentrations remained relatively constant in samples held up to 136 days before derivatization. The half life of glyphosate varied from 169 to 223 days in the underivatized samples. Derivatized samples were analyzed the day after derivitization, and again 54 and 64 days after derivatization. The derivatized samples analyzed at days 52 and 64 were within 20 percent of the concentrations of the derivatized samples analyzed the day after derivatization.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm5A10","usgsCitation":"Meyer, M.T., Loftin, K.A., Lee, E., Hinshaw, G.H., Dietze, J.E., and Scribner, E.A., 2009, Determination of glyphosate, its degradation product aminomethylphosphonic acid, and glufosinate, in water by isotope dilution and online solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 5-A10, vi, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm5A10.","productDescription":"vi, 33 p.","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":13055,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/tm5a10/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":118482,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm_5_a10.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db6679b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, Michael T. 0000-0001-6006-7985 mmeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-7985","contributorId":866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael","email":"mmeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loftin, Keith A. 0000-0001-5291-876X kloftin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5291-876X","contributorId":868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftin","given":"Keith","email":"kloftin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, Edward A.","contributorId":47475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Edward A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hinshaw, Gary H.","contributorId":80774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinshaw","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dietze, Julie E. 0000-0002-5936-5739 juliec@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5936-5739","contributorId":3939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dietze","given":"Julie","email":"juliec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Scribner, Elisabeth A.","contributorId":80265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scribner","given":"Elisabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":97877,"text":"sir20095153 - 2009 - Hydrogeology and Ground-Water Flow in the Opequon Creek Watershed area, Virginia and West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-05T12:10:33.414941","indexId":"sir20095153","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5153","title":"Hydrogeology and Ground-Water Flow in the Opequon Creek Watershed area, Virginia and West Virginia","docAbstract":"Due to increasing population and economic development in the northern Shenandoah Valley of Virginia and West Virginia, water availability has become a primary concern for water-resource managers in the region. To address these issues, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the West Virginia Department of Health and Human Services and the West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection, developed a numerical steady-state simulation of ground-water flow for the 1,013-square-kilometer Opequon Creek watershed area. The model was based on data aggregated for several recently completed and ongoing USGS hydrogeologic investigations conducted in Jefferson, Berkeley, and Morgan Counties in West Virginia and Clarke, Frederick, and Warren Counties in Virginia. A previous detailed hydrogeologic assessment of the watershed area of Hopewell Run (tributary to the Opequon Creek), which includes the USGS Leetown Science Center in Jefferson County, West Virginia, provided key understanding of ground-water flow processes in the aquifer.\r\n\r\nThe ground-water flow model developed for the Opequon Creek watershed area is a steady-state, three-layer representation of ground-water flow in the region. The primary objective of the simulation was to develop water budgets for average and drought hydrologic conditions. The simulation results can provide water managers with preliminary estimates on which water-resource decisions may be based.\r\n\r\nResults of the ground-water flow simulation of the Opequon Creek watershed area indicate that hydrogeologic concepts developed for the Hopewell Run watershed area can be extrapolated to the larger watershed model. Sensitivity analyses conducted as part of the current modeling effort and geographic information system analyses of spring location and yield reveal that thrust and cross-strike faults and low-permeability bedding, which provide structural and lithologic controls, respectively, on ground-water flow, must be incorporated into the model to develop a realistic simulation of ground-water flow in the larger Opequon Creek watershed area.\r\n\r\nIn the model, recharge for average hydrologic conditions was 689 m3/d/km2 (cubic meters per day per square kilometer) over the entire Opequon Creek watershed area. Mean and median measured base flows at the streamflow-gaging station on the Opequon Creek near Martinsburg, West Virginia, were 604,384 and 349,907 m3/d (cubic meters per day), respectively. The simulated base flow of 432,834 m3/d fell between the mean and median measured stream base flows for the station. Simulated base-flow yields for subwatersheds during average conditions ranged from 0 to 2,643 m3/d/km2, and the median for the entire Opequon Creek watershed area was 557 m3/d/km2.\r\n\r\nA drought was simulated by reducing model recharge by 40 percent, a rate that approximates the recharge during the prolonged 16-month drought that affected the region from November 1998 to February 2000. Mean and median measured streamflows for the Opequon Creek watershed area at the Martinsburg, West Virginia, streamflow-gaging station during the 1999 drought were 341,098 and 216,551 m3/d, respectively. The simulated drought base flow at the station of 252,356 m3/d is within the range of flows measured during the 1999 drought. Recharge was 413 m3/d/km2 over the entire watershed during the simulated drought, and was 388 m3/d/km2 at the gaging station. Simulated base-flow yields for drought conditions ranged from 0 to 1,865 m3/d/km2 and averaged 327 m3/d/km2 over the entire Opequon Creek watershed.\r\n\r\nWater budgets developed from the simulation results indicate a substantial component of direct ground-water discharge to the Potomac River. This phenomenon had long been suspected but had not been quantified. During average conditions, approximately 564,176 m3/d of base flow discharges to the Potomac River. An additional 124,379 m3/d of ground water is also estimated to discharge directly to the Potomac River and rep","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095153","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the West Virginia Department of Health and Human Services and the West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Kozar, M.D., and Weary, D.J., 2009, Hydrogeology and Ground-Water Flow in the Opequon Creek Watershed area, Virginia and West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5153, vi, 63 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095153.","productDescription":"vi, 63 p.","temporalStart":"1998-11-01","temporalEnd":"2000-02-28","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118456,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5153.jpg"},{"id":13052,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5153/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db627839","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kozar, Mark D. 0000-0001-7755-7657 mdkozar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7755-7657","contributorId":1963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kozar","given":"Mark","email":"mdkozar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weary, David J. 0000-0002-6115-6397 dweary@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6115-6397","contributorId":545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weary","given":"David","email":"dweary@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97879,"text":"ofr20091199 - 2009 - Summary of West Virginia Water-Resource Data through September 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:28","indexId":"ofr20091199","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1199","title":"Summary of West Virginia Water-Resource Data through September 2008","docAbstract":"The West Virginia Water Science Center of the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with State and Federal agencies, obtains a large amount of data pertaining to the water resources of West Virginia each water year. A water year is the 12-month period beginning October 1 and ending September 30. These data, accumulated during many years, constitute a valuable database for developing an improved understanding of the water resources of the State. These data are maintained in the National Water Information System (NWIS) and are available through its World-Wide Web interface, NWISWeb, at http://waterdata.usgs.gov/wv/nwis. Data can be retrieved in a variety of common formats, and a tutorial is available at http://nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov/tutorial. Location information for all continuous-record gaging stations operated in West Virginia through September 2008 is provided in this report, as well as statistical summaries of the available daily records. This report can serve as an index to the daily records data available on the World-Wide Web.\r\n\r\nHydrologic data for nearly all of the gaging stations identified in this report are also available in the annual publication series titled Water-Resources Data - West Virginia. This series of annual reports for West Virginia began with the 1961 water year with a report that contained only data relating to quantities of surface water. For the 1964 water year, a similar report was introduced that contained only data relating to water quality. Beginning with the 1975 water year, the report format was changed to include data on quantities of surface water, quality of surface water and groundwater, and groundwater levels.\r\n\r\nPrior to the introduction of the Water-Resources Data - West Virginia series and for several water years concurrent with it, water-resources data for West Virginia were published in U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Papers. Data on stream discharge and stage and on lake or reservoir contents and stage through September 1960 were published annually under the title Surface-Water Supply of the United States, Parts 6A and 6B. For the 1961 through 1970 water years, the data were published in two 5-year reports. Data on chemical quality, temperature, and suspended sediment for the 1941 through 1970 water years were published annually under the title Quality of Surface Water of the United States, and water levels for the 1935 through 1974 water years were published under the title Ground-Water Levels in the United States. Many of the above mentioned Water-Supply Papers are available at the USGS Publications Warehouse (http://pubs.er.usgs.gov), and most of the others may be found in the collections of large libraries or may be purchased from the U.S. Geological Survey, Books and Open-File Reports, Federal Center, Box 25425, Denver, Colorado 80225.\r\n\r\nAnnual reports on hydrologic data are published by the Geological Survey for all states, and each has an identification number consisting of the two-letter state abbreviation, the last two digits of the water year, and the volume number. For example, the 2005 water year report for West Virginia is identified as U.S. Geological Survey Water-Data Report WV-05-01. Water-Data Reports for West Virginia for 2001-2005 are available online at http://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/#WV. Water-Data Reports for water years prior to 2006 are for sale in paper copy or microfiche by the National Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, Springfield, Virginia 22161. Since the 2006 water year, the report is published online only and is available at http://wdr.water.usgs.gov/.\r\n\r\nWhen substantial errors in published records are discovered, the records are revised. Such revisions are routine and are made to records regardless of the age of the original records. Revisions have been made for many stations for which data are published in this report. The USGS National Water Information System always contains the most recent data revisions. For critical a","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091199","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the West Virginia Division of Water and Waste Management","usgsCitation":"Evaldi, R., Ward, S., and White, J., 2009, Summary of West Virginia Water-Resource Data through September 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1199, xxi, 326 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091199.","productDescription":"xxi, 326 p.","costCenters":[{"id":642,"text":"West Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118539,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1199.jpg"},{"id":13054,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1199/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db6993b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evaldi, R. D.","contributorId":93909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evaldi","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ward, S.M.","contributorId":93920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, J.S.","contributorId":66362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97878,"text":"ofr20091158 - 2009 - Recent subsidence and erosion at diverse wetland sites in the southeastern Mississippi Delta Plain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-18T15:45:04","indexId":"ofr20091158","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1158","title":"Recent subsidence and erosion at diverse wetland sites in the southeastern Mississippi Delta Plain","docAbstract":"A prior study (U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1216) examined historical land- and water-area changes and estimated magnitudes of land subsidence and erosion at five wetland sites in the Terrebonne hydrologic basin of the Mississippi delta plain. The present study extends that work by analyzing interior wetland loss and relative magnitudes of subsidence and erosion at five additional wetland sites in the adjacent Barataria hydrologic basin. The Barataria basin sites were selected for their diverse physical settings and their recent (post-1978) conversion from marsh to open water. Historical aerial photography, datum-corrected marsh elevations and water depths, sediment cores, and radiocarbon dates were integrated to evaluate land-water changes in the Mississippi delta plain on both historical and geological time scales. \r\n\r\nThe thickness of the organic-rich sediments (peat) and the elevation of the stratigraphic contact between peat and underlying mud were compared at marsh and open-water sites across areas of formerly continuous marsh to estimate magnitudes of recent delta-plain elevation loss caused by vertical erosion and subsidence of the wetlands. Results of these analyses indicate that erosion exceeded subsidence at most of the study areas, although both processes have contributed to historical wetland loss. Comparison of these results with prior studies indicates that subsidence largely caused rapid interior wetland loss in the Terrebonne basin before 1978, whereas erosional processes primarily caused more gradual interior wetland loss in the Barataria basin after 1978.\r\n\r\nDecadal variations in rates of relative sea-level rise at a National Ocean Service tide gage, elevation changes between repeat benchmark-leveling surveys, and GPS height monitoring at three National Geodetic Survey Continuously Operating Reference Stations indicate that subsidence rates since the early 1990s are substantially lower than those previously reported and are similar in magnitude to time-averaged subsidence rates at geological time scales. The historical decrease in land-loss rates across the Mississippi delta plain generally is consistent with the recent decrease in subsidence rates within the same region.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091158","isbn":"9781411325296","usgsCitation":"Morton, R., Bernier, J., and Kelso, K.W., 2009, Recent subsidence and erosion at diverse wetland sites in the southeastern Mississippi Delta Plain: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1158, vi, 221 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091158.","productDescription":"vi, 221 p. ","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126598,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1158.jpg"},{"id":13053,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1158/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":367516,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1158/pdf/ofr2009-1158.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.75,29 ], [ -90.75,30 ], [ -89.25,30 ], [ -89.25,29 ], [ -90.75,29 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a2d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morton, Robert A.","contributorId":88333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"Robert A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bernier, Julie 0000-0002-9918-5353 jbernier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9918-5353","contributorId":3549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernier","given":"Julie","email":"jbernier@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kelso, Kyle W. 0000-0003-0615-242X kkelso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0615-242X","contributorId":4307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelso","given":"Kyle","email":"kkelso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97851,"text":"sir20095191 - 2009 - Simulation of streamflow and water quality in the Leon Creek watershed, Bexar County, Texas, 1997-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-17T09:37:03","indexId":"sir20095191","displayToPublicDate":"2009-09-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5191","title":"Simulation of streamflow and water quality in the Leon Creek watershed, Bexar County, Texas, 1997-2004","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the San Antonio River Authority, configured, calibrated, and tested a Hydrological Simulation Program ? FORTRAN watershed model for the approximately 238-square-mile Leon Creek watershed in Bexar County, Texas, and used the model to simulate streamflow and water quality (focusing on loads and yields of selected constituents). Streamflow in the model was calibrated and tested with available data from five U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations for 1997-2004. Simulated streamflow volumes closely matched measured streamflow volumes at all streamflow-gaging stations. Total simulated streamflow volumes were within 10 percent of measured values. Streamflow volumes are greatly influenced by large storms. Two months that included major floods accounted for about 50 percent of all the streamflow measured at the most downstream gaging station during 1997-2004. \n\nWater-quality properties and constituents (water temperature, dissolved oxygen, suspended sediment, dissolved ammonia nitrogen, dissolved nitrate nitrogen, and dissolved and total lead and zinc) in the model were calibrated using available data from 13 sites in and near the Leon Creek watershed for varying periods of record during 1992-2005. Average simulated daily mean water temperature and dissolved oxygen at the most downstream gaging station during 1997-2000 were within 1 percent of average measured daily mean water temperature and dissolved oxygen. Simulated suspended-sediment load at the most downstream gaging station during 2001-04 (excluding July 2002 because of major storms) was 77,700 tons compared with 74,600 tons estimated from a streamflow-load regression relation (coefficient of determination = .869). Simulated concentrations of dissolved ammonia nitrogen and dissolved nitrate nitrogen closely matched measured concentrations after calibration. At the most downstream gaging station, average simulated monthly mean concentrations of dissolved ammonia and nitrate concentrations during 1997-2004 were 0.03 and 0.37 milligram per liter, respectively. For the most downstream station, the measured and simulated concentrations of dissolved and total lead and zinc for stormflows during 1993-97 after calibration do not match particularly closely. For base-flow conditions during 1997-2004 at the most downstream station, the simulated/measured match is better. For example, median simulated concentration of total lead (for 2,041 days) was 0.96 microgram per liter, and median measured concentration (for nine samples) of total lead was 1.0 microgram per liter. \n\nTo demonstrate an application of the Leon Creek watershed model, streamflow constituent loads and yields for suspended sediment, dissolved nitrate nitrogen, and total lead were simulated at the mouth of Leon Creek (outlet of the watershed) for 1997-2004. The average suspended-sediment load was 51,800 tons per year. The average suspended-sediment yield was 0.34 ton per acre per year. The average load of dissolved nitrate at the outlet of the watershed was 802 tons per year. The corresponding yield was 10.5 pounds per acre per year. The average load of lead at the outlet was 3,900 pounds per year. The average lead yield was 0.026 pound per acre per year.\n\nThe degree to which available rainfall data represent actual rainfall is potentially the most serious source of measurement error associated with the Leon Creek model. Major storms contribute most of the streamflow loads for certain constituents. For example, the three largest stormflows contributed about 64 percent of the entire suspended-sediment load at the most downstream station during 1997-2004.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20095191","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the San Antonio River Authority","usgsCitation":"Ockerman, D.J., and Roussel, M.C., 2009, Simulation of streamflow and water quality in the Leon Creek watershed, Bexar County, Texas, 1997-2004: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5191, vi, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095191.","productDescription":"vi, 51 p.","temporalStart":"1997-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125681,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5191.jpg"},{"id":13026,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5191/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Bexar","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98.83333333333333,29.166666666666668 ], [ -98.83333333333333,29.75 ], [ -98,29.75 ], [ -98,29.166666666666668 ], [ -98.83333333333333,29.166666666666668 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db698358","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ockerman, Darwin J. 0000-0003-1958-1688 ockerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1958-1688","contributorId":1579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ockerman","given":"Darwin","email":"ockerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roussel, Meghan C. mroussel@usgs.gov","contributorId":1578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roussel","given":"Meghan","email":"mroussel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97867,"text":"ofr20091180 - 2009 - Benthic oxygen demand in three former salt ponds adjacent to south San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-13T11:47:42","indexId":"ofr20091180","displayToPublicDate":"2009-09-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1180","title":"Benthic oxygen demand in three former salt ponds adjacent to south San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"Sampling trips were coordinated in the second half of 2008 to examine the interstitial water in the sediment and the overlying bottom waters of three shallow (average depth <1 meter) ponds adjacent to the southern reach of San Francisco Bay (herein referred to as South Bay), which were previously used in commercial salt production. In recent years, the ponds were modified for wetland restoration and management as part of the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project. A pore-water profiler, modified for dissolved-oxygen sampling, was used to obtain the first centimeter-scale estimates of the vertical concentration gradients for diffusive-flux determinations. This study, a collaboration between scientists from two disciplines within the U.S. Geological Survey (Water Resources and Biological Resources), provides information necessary for developing and refining pond-management strategies and supports efforts to monitor changes in fish and wildlife assemblages associated with the habitat-restoration program.\r\n\r\nBetween August 27 and September 30, 2008, pore-water profilers were successfully deployed in the South Bay salt ponds A16, A14, and A3W (fig. 1; fig. 2; table1), measuring the concentration gradient of dissolved oxygen near the sediment-water interface. In each pond, profilers were deployed in triplicate at two sites: a shallow site (< 1 meter) and a deep site (> 2 meters). The water column at all deployment sites was monitored with dataloggers for ancillary water-quality parameters (including dissolved oxygen, salinity, specific conductance, temperature, and pH) to facilitate the interpretation of benthic-flux results.\r\n\r\nCalculated diffusive benthic flux of dissolved (0.2-micron filtered) oxygen was consistently negative (that is, drawn from the water column into the sediment) and ranged between -0.5 x 10-6 and -37 x 10-6 micromoles per square centimeter per second (site averages depicted in table 2). Assuming pond areas of 1.0, 1.4, and 2.3 square kilometers for ponds A16, A14, and A3W, respectively, this converts to an oxygen mass flux into the ponds' sediment ranging from -1 to -72 kilograms per day. Diffusive oxygen flux into the benthos (listed as negative) was lowest in pond A14 (-0.5 x 10-6 to -1.8 x 10-6 micromoles per square centimeter per second) compared with diffusive flux estimates for ponds A16 and A3W (site averages -26 x 10-6 to -35 x 10-6 and -34 x 10-6 to -37 x 10-6 micromoles per square centimeter per second, respectively). These initial diffusive-flux estimates are of the order of magnitude of those measured in the South Bay using core-incubation experiments (Topping and others, 2004), which include bioturbation and bioirrigation effects. Estimates of benthic oxygen demand reported herein, based on molecular diffusion, serve as conservative estimates of benthic flux because solute transport across the sediment-water interface can be enhanced by multidisciplinary processes including bioturbation, bioirrigation, ground-water advection, and wind resuspension (Kuwabara and others, 2009).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091180","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Topping, B.R., Kuwabara, J.S., Athearn, N.D., Takekawa, J.Y., Parcheso, F., Henderson, K.D., and Piotter, S., 2009, Benthic oxygen demand in three former salt ponds adjacent to south San Francisco Bay, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1180, iv, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091180.","productDescription":"iv, 21 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-08-27","temporalEnd":"2008-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118531,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1180.jpg"},{"id":13042,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1180/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.58333333333333,37.333333333333336 ], [ -122.58333333333333,37.916666666666664 ], [ -121.83333333333333,37.916666666666664 ], [ -121.83333333333333,37.333333333333336 ], [ -122.58333333333333,37.333333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b693","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Topping, Brent R. 0000-0002-7887-4221 btopping@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7887-4221","contributorId":1484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topping","given":"Brent","email":"btopping@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kuwabara, James S. 0000-0003-2502-1601 kuwabara@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2502-1601","contributorId":3374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuwabara","given":"James","email":"kuwabara@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Athearn, Nicole D.","contributorId":71273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Athearn","given":"Nicole","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Parcheso, Francis 0000-0002-9471-7787 parchaso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9471-7787","contributorId":2590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parcheso","given":"Francis","email":"parchaso@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Henderson, Kathleen D.","contributorId":71646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henderson","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Piotter, Sara","contributorId":43464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piotter","given":"Sara","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ]}