{"pageNumber":"213","pageRowStart":"5300","pageSize":"25","recordCount":10465,"records":[{"id":70037453,"text":"70037453 - 2009 - Developing consistent Landsat data sets for large area applications: the MRLC 2001 protocol","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-08T13:05:08","indexId":"70037453","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1940,"text":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Developing consistent Landsat data sets for large area applications: the MRLC 2001 protocol","docAbstract":"One of the major efforts in large area land cover mapping over the last two decades was the completion of two U.S. National Land Cover Data sets (NLCD), developed with nominal 1992 and 2001 Landsat imagery under the auspices of the MultiResolution Land Characteristics (MRLC) Consortium. Following the successful generation of NLCD 1992, a second generation MRLC initiative was launched with two primary goals: (1) to develop a consistent Landsat imagery data set for the U.S. and (2) to develop a second generation National Land Cover Database (NLCD 2001). One of the key enhancements was the formulation of an image preprocessing protocol and implementation of a consistent image processing method. The core data set of the NLCD 2001 database consists of Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) images. This letter details the procedures for processing the original ETM+ images and more recent scenes added to the database. NLCD 2001 products include Anderson Level II land cover classes, percent tree canopy, and percent urban imperviousness at 30-m resolution derived from Landsat imagery. The products are freely available for download to the general public from the MRLC Consortium Web site at http://www.mrlc.gov.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/LGRS.2009.2025244","issn":"1545598X","usgsCitation":"Chander, G., Huang, C., Yang, L., Homer, C.G., and Larson, C., 2009, Developing consistent Landsat data sets for large area applications: the MRLC 2001 protocol: IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, v. 6, no. 4, p. 777-781, https://doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2009.2025244.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"777","endPage":"781","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245331,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217386,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2009.2025244"}],"volume":"6","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a000fe4b0c8380cd4f575","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chander, G.","contributorId":51449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chander","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huang, Chengquan","contributorId":25378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huang","given":"Chengquan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yang, Limin 0000-0002-2843-6944 lyang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2843-6944","contributorId":4305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"Limin","email":"lyang@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":461122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Homer, Collin G. 0000-0003-4755-8135 homer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4755-8135","contributorId":2262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Homer","given":"Collin","email":"homer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":461124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Larson, C.","contributorId":32357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70037435,"text":"70037435 - 2009 - Patterns of forest succession and impacts of flood in the Upper Mississippi River floodplain ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:09","indexId":"70037435","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1452,"text":"Ecological Complexity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Patterns of forest succession and impacts of flood in the Upper Mississippi River floodplain ecosystem","docAbstract":"The widespread loss of oak-hickory forests and the impacts of flood have been major issues of ecological interest concerning forest succession in the Upper Mississippi River (UMR) floodplain. The data analysis from two comprehensive field surveys indicated that Quercus was one of the dominant genera in the UMR floodplain ecosystem prior to the 1993 flood and constituted 14% of the total number of trees and 28% of the total basal area. During the post-flood recovery period through 2006, Quercus demonstrated slower recovery rates in both the number of trees (4%) and basal area (17%). In the same period, Carya recovered greatly from the 1993 flood in terms of the number of trees (11%) and basal area (2%), compared to its minor status before the flood. Further analyses suggested that different species responded to the 1993 flood with varying tolerance and different succession strategies. In this study, the relation of flood-caused mortality rates and DBH, fm(d), can be expressed in negative exponential functions for each species. The results of this research also indicate that the growth functions are different for each species and might also be different between pre- and post-flood time periods. These functions indicate different survival strategies and emergent properties in responding to flood impacts. This research enhances our understanding of forest succession patterns in space and time in the UPR floodplain. And such understanding might be used to predict long-term impacts of floods on UMR floodplain forest dynamics in support of management and restoration. ?? 2009 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Complexity","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecocom.2009.08.004","issn":"1476945X","usgsCitation":"Yin, Y., Wu, Y., Bartell, S., and Cosgriff, R., 2009, Patterns of forest succession and impacts of flood in the Upper Mississippi River floodplain ecosystem: Ecological Complexity, v. 6, no. 4, p. 463-472, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecocom.2009.08.004.","startPage":"463","endPage":"472","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245234,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217299,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecocom.2009.08.004"}],"volume":"6","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a75d1e4b0c8380cd77d6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yin, Y.","contributorId":106228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yin","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wu, Y.","contributorId":79312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bartell, S.M.","contributorId":16247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartell","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cosgriff, R.","contributorId":79769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cosgriff","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70037427,"text":"70037427 - 2009 - Sediment losses and gains across a gradient of livestock grazing and plant invasion in a cool, semi-arid grassland, Colorado Plateau, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-09T12:26:41.014679","indexId":"70037427","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":666,"text":"Aeolian Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment losses and gains across a gradient of livestock grazing and plant invasion in a cool, semi-arid grassland, Colorado Plateau, USA","docAbstract":"Large sediment fluxes can have significant impacts on ecosystems. We measured incoming and outgoing sediment across a gradient of soil disturbance (livestock grazing, plowing) and annual plant invasion for 9 years. Our sites included two currently ungrazed sites: one never grazed by livestock and dominated by perennial grasses/well-developed biocrusts and one not grazed since 1974 and dominated by annual weeds with little biocrusts. We used two currently grazed sites: one dominated by annual weeds and the other dominated by perennial plants, both with little biocrusts. Precipitation was highly variable, with years of average, above-average, and extremely low precipitation. During years with average and above-average precipitation, the disturbed sites consistently produced 2.8 times more sediment than the currently undisturbed sites. The never grazed site always produced the least sediment of all the sites. During the drought years, we observed a 5600-fold increase in sediment production from the most disturbed site (dominated by annual grasses, plowed about 50 years previously and currently grazed by livestock) relative to the never grazed site dominated by perennial grasses and well-developed biocrusts, indicating a non-linear, synergistic response to increasing disturbance types and levels. Comparing sediment losses among the sites, biocrusts were most important in predicting site stability, followed by perennial plant cover. Incoming sediment was similar among the sites, and while inputs were up to 9-fold higher at the most heavily disturbed site during drought years compared to average years, the change during the drought conditions was small relative to the large change seen in the sediment outputs. ?? 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.aeolia.2009.03.001","issn":"18759637","usgsCitation":"Belnap, J., Reynolds, R.L., Reheis, M.C., Phillips, S.L., Urban, F., and Goldstein, H.L., 2009, Sediment losses and gains across a gradient of livestock grazing and plant invasion in a cool, semi-arid grassland, Colorado Plateau, USA: Aeolian Research, v. 1, no. 1-2, p. 27-43, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeolia.2009.03.001.","startPage":"27","endPage":"43","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245230,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8993e4b08c986b316e2c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":461014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, Richard L. 0000-0002-4572-2942 rreynolds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4572-2942","contributorId":139068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Richard","email":"rreynolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":461017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reheis, Marith C. 0000-0002-8359-323X mreheis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8359-323X","contributorId":138571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reheis","given":"Marith","email":"mreheis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":461016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Phillips, Susan L. 0000-0002-5891-8485 sue_phillips@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5891-8485","contributorId":717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Susan","email":"sue_phillips@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":461018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Urban, Frank 0000-0002-1329-1703 furban@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-1703","contributorId":127827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Urban","given":"Frank","email":"furban@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":461015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Goldstein, Harland L. 0000-0002-6092-8818 hgoldstein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6092-8818","contributorId":807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldstein","given":"Harland","email":"hgoldstein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":461013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70037419,"text":"70037419 - 2009 - Variable growth and longevity of yellow bullhead (Ameiurus natalis) in the Everglades of south Florida, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:09","indexId":"70037419","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2166,"text":"Journal of Applied Ichthyology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variable growth and longevity of yellow bullhead (Ameiurus natalis) in the Everglades of south Florida, USA","docAbstract":"Yellow bullhead (Ictaluridae: Ameiurus natalis) is the most abundant ictalurid catfish in the Everglades of southern Florida, USA, and, as both prey and predator, is one of many essential components in the ecological-simulation models used in assessing restoration success in the Everglades. Little is known of its biology and life history in this southernmost portion of its native range; the present study provides the first estimates of age and growth from the Everglades. In total, 144 yellow bullheads of 97-312 mm total length (TL) were collected from canals and marshes of the Everglades between April 2000 and January 2001, and from October 2003 to February 2005. Fish were aged using cross-sections of pectoral spines and ranged from 1-12 years, with the maximum age almost twice that of any yellow bullhead previously reported. Yellow bullheads from south Florida grew relatively rapidly during their first 3 years, but after age 5 growth slowed and fish approached an asymptote of ???214 mm TL. Compared to other populations in the United States, yellow bullhead in the Everglades grew relatively slowly, were smaller at age overall, but survived to older ages. ?? 2009 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Ichthyology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1439-0426.2009.01300.x","issn":"01758659","usgsCitation":"Murie, D., Parkyn, D., Loftus, W., and Nico, L., 2009, Variable growth and longevity of yellow bullhead (Ameiurus natalis) in the Everglades of south Florida, USA: Journal of Applied Ichthyology, v. 25, no. 6, p. 740-745, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2009.01300.x.","startPage":"740","endPage":"745","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476223,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2009.01300.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245166,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217238,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2009.01300.x"}],"volume":"25","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc141e4b08c986b32a4d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murie, D.J.","contributorId":89741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murie","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parkyn, D.C.","contributorId":29245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkyn","given":"D.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loftus, W.F.","contributorId":29363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftus","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nico, L.G. 0000-0002-4488-7737","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4488-7737","contributorId":83052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nico","given":"L.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70037405,"text":"70037405 - 2009 - Spatially detailed quantification of metal loading for decision making: Metal mass loading to American fork and Mary Ellen Gulch, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-03T11:12:20","indexId":"70037405","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2745,"text":"Mine Water and the Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatially detailed quantification of metal loading for decision making: Metal mass loading to American fork and Mary Ellen Gulch, Utah","docAbstract":"Effective remediation requires an understanding of the relative contributions of metals from all sources in a catchment, and that understanding must be based on a spatially detailed quantification of metal loading. A traditional approach to quantifying metal loading has been to measure discharge and chemistry at a catchment outlet. This approach can quantify annual loading and the temporal changes in load, but does not provide the needed spatial detail to evaluate specific sources, which is needed to support remediation decisions. A catchment or mass-loading approach provides spatial detail by combining tracer-injection and synoptic-sampling methods to quantify loading. Examples of studies in American Fork, Utah, and its tributary Mary Ellen Gulch illustrate this different approach. The mass-loading study in American Fork treated Mary Ellen Gulch as a single inflow. From that point of view, Mary Ellen Gulch was one of the greatest sources of Fe, Mn, Zn, and colloidal Pb loads to American Fork. But when Mary Ellen Gulch was evaluated in a separate catchment study, the detailed locations of metal loading were identified, and the extent of metal attenuation upstream from the mouth of Mary Ellen Gulch was quantified. The net, instantaneous load measured at the mouth of Mary Ellen Gulch for remediation planning would greatly underestimate the contributions of principal sources within the catchment. Extending the detailed sampling downstream from Mary Ellen Gulch indicated the possibility of diffuse groundwater inflow from Mary Ellen Gulch to American Fork. Comparing loads for Mary Ellen Gulch in the two studies indicates that metal loads could be substantially underestimated for planning purposes without the detailed catchment approach for the low-flow conditions in these studies. A mass-loading approach provides both the needed quantification of metal loading and the spatial detail to guide remediation decisions that would be the most effective in the catchments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10230-009-0085-5","issn":"10259112","usgsCitation":"Kimball, B.A., and Runkel, R., 2009, Spatially detailed quantification of metal loading for decision making: Metal mass loading to American fork and Mary Ellen Gulch, Utah: Mine Water and the Environment, v. 28, no. 4, p. 274-290, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-009-0085-5.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"274","endPage":"290","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":217180,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10230-009-0085-5"},{"id":245102,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-08-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b94c4e4b08c986b31ac36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kimball, B. A.","contributorId":87583,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kimball","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Runkel, R.L.","contributorId":97529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70037400,"text":"70037400 - 2009 - Rayleigh-wave mode separation by high-resolution linear radon transform","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:09","indexId":"70037400","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rayleigh-wave mode separation by high-resolution linear radon transform","docAbstract":"Multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) method is an effective tool for obtaining vertical shear wave profiles from a single non-invasive measurement. One key step of the MASW method is generation of a dispersion image and extraction of a reliable dispersion curve from raw multichannel shot records. Because different Rayleigh-wave modes normally interfere with each other in the time and space domain, it is necessary to perform mode separation and reconstruction to increase the accuracy of phase velocities determined from a dispersion image. In this paper, we demonstrate the effectiveness of high-resolution linear Radon transform (LRT) as a means of separating and reconstructing multimode, dispersive Rayleigh-wave energy. We first introduce high-resolution LRT methods and Rayleigh-wave mode separation using high-resolution LRT. Next, we use synthetic data and a real-world example to demonstrate the effectiveness of Rayleigh-wave mode separation using high-resolution LRT. Our synthetic and real-world results demonstrate that (1) high-resolution LRT successfully separates and reconstructs multimode dispersive Rayleigh-wave energy with high resolution allowing the multimode energy to be more accurately determined. The horizontal resolution of the Rayleigh-wave method can be increased by extraction of dispersion curves from a pair of traces in the mode-separated shot gather and (2) multimode separation and reconstruction expand the usable frequency range of higher mode dispersive energy, which increases the depth of investigation and provides a means for accurately determining cut-off frequencies. ?? 2009 The Authors Journal compilation ?? 2009 RAS.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04277.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Luo, Y., Xia, J., Miller, R., Xu, Y., Liu, J., and Liu, Q., 2009, Rayleigh-wave mode separation by high-resolution linear radon transform: Geophysical Journal International, v. 179, no. 1, p. 254-264, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04277.x.","startPage":"254","endPage":"264","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245101,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217179,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04277.x"}],"volume":"179","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a955fe4b0c8380cd81994","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luo, Y.","contributorId":28417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luo","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, R. D.","contributorId":92693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Xu, Y.","contributorId":47816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Liu, J.","contributorId":23672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Liu, Q.","contributorId":17827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70037396,"text":"70037396 - 2009 - Optical dating of the anastasia formation, northeastern florida, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:10","indexId":"70037396","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3443,"text":"Southeastern Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Optical dating of the anastasia formation, northeastern florida, USA","docAbstract":"The single-aliquot regenerative-dose (SAR) procedure was used to obtain optically stimulated luminescence ages to determine the depositional age of the upper part of the Anastasia Formation. This unit, which crops out along the east coast of Florida, is one of the most culturally and economically important coquina deposits in North America. Rock samples from the upper three meters of exposure at three locations were collected. Additional materials for paleontological analysis were also taken. Based on our samples, the luminescence ages of the Anastasia Formation are well within marine isotope stage 5, which is supported by the results of Osmond et al. (1970) based on U/Th ages. The associated fossil assemblages support our luminescence age determinations. Associated fossils fall within the Rancholabrean North American Land Mammal Age (300 10 ka) and the fossil mollusk assemblage consists entirely of modern species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southeastern Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00383678","usgsCitation":"Burdette, K., Rink, J., Means, G., and Portell, R., 2009, Optical dating of the anastasia formation, northeastern florida, USA: Southeastern Geology, v. 46, no. 4, p. 173-185.","startPage":"173","endPage":"185","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245047,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6ecde4b0c8380cd757e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burdette, K.E.","contributorId":41253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burdette","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rink, J.W.","contributorId":103120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rink","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Means, G.H.","contributorId":76348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Means","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Portell, R.W.","contributorId":37990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Portell","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70037391,"text":"70037391 - 2009 - Coral disease following massive bleaching in 2005 causes 60% decline in coral cover on reefs in the US Virgin Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:46","indexId":"70037391","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1338,"text":"Coral Reefs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coral disease following massive bleaching in 2005 causes 60% decline in coral cover on reefs in the US Virgin Islands","docAbstract":"In the northeast Caribbean, doldrum-like conditions combined with elevated water temperatures in the summer/fall 2005 created the most severe coral bleaching event ever documented within this region. Video monitoring of 100 randomly chosen, permanent transects at five study sites in the US Virgin Islands revealed over 90% of the scleractinian coral cover showed signs of thermal stress by paling or becoming completely white. Lower water temperatures in October allowed some re-coloring of corals; however, a subsequent unprecedented regional outbreak of coral disease affected all sites. Five known diseases or syndromes were recorded; however, most lesions showed signs similar to white plague. Nineteen scleractinian species were affected by disease, with >90% of the disease-induced lesions occurring on the genus Montastraea. The disease outbreak peaked several months after the onset of bleaching at all sites but did not occur at the same time. The mean number of disease-induced lesions increased 51-fold and the mean area of disease-associated mortality increased 13-fold when compared with pre-bleaching disease levels. In the 12 months following the onset of bleaching, coral cover declined at all sites (average loss: 51.5%, range: 42.4-61.8%) reducing the five-site average from 21.4% before bleaching to 10.3% with most mortality caused by white plague disease, not bleaching. Continued losses through October 2007 reduced the average coral cover of the five sites to 8.3% (average 2-year loss: 61.1%, range: 53.0-79.3%). Mean cover by M. annularis (complex) decreased 51%, Colpophyllia natans 78% and Agaricia agaricites 87%. Isolated disease outbreaks have been documented before in the Virgin Islands, but never as widespread or devastating as the one that occurred after the 2005 Caribbean coral-bleaching event. This study provides insight into the effects of continued seawater warming and subsequent coral bleaching events in the Caribbean and highlights the need to understand links between coral bleaching and disease. ?? The Author(s) 2009.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coral Reefs","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00338-009-0531-7","issn":"07224028","usgsCitation":"Miller, J., Muller, E., Rogers, C., Waara, R., Atkinson, A., Whelan, K., Patterson, M., and Witcher, B., 2009, Coral disease following massive bleaching in 2005 causes 60% decline in coral cover on reefs in the US Virgin Islands: Coral Reefs, v. 28, no. 4, p. 925-937, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-009-0531-7.","startPage":"925","endPage":"937","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487963,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-009-0531-7","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":217005,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-009-0531-7"},{"id":244915,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc07e4b0c8380cd4e0b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, J.","contributorId":16939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Muller, E.","contributorId":34645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muller","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rogers, C.","contributorId":27229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Waara, R.","contributorId":42009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waara","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Atkinson, A.","contributorId":101207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atkinson","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Whelan, K.R.T.","contributorId":11311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whelan","given":"K.R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Patterson, M.","contributorId":16683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patterson","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Witcher, B.","contributorId":74828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witcher","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70037370,"text":"70037370 - 2009 - The puzzle of the 1996 Bárdarbunga, Iceland, earthquake: no volumetric component in the source mechanism","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-31T14:04:37","indexId":"70037370","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The puzzle of the 1996 Bárdarbunga, Iceland, earthquake: no volumetric component in the source mechanism","docAbstract":"A volcanic earthquake with Mw 5.6 occurred beneath the Bárdarbunga caldera in Iceland on 29 September 1996. This earthquake is one of a decade-long sequence of ![\"Graphic\"](\"http://bssa.geoscienceworld.org/content/99/5/3077/embed/inline-graphic-1.gif\")
events at Bárdarbunga with non-double-couple mechanisms in the Global Centroid Moment Tensor catalog. Fortunately, it was recorded well by the regional-scale Iceland Hotspot Project seismic experiment. We investigated the event with a complete moment tensor inversion method using regional long-period seismic waveforms and a composite structural model. The moment tensor inversion using data from stations of the Iceland Hotspot Project yields a non-double-couple solution with a 67% vertically oriented compensated linear vector dipole component, a 32% double-couple component, and a statistically insignificant (2%) volumetric (isotropic) contraction. This indicates the absence of a net volumetric component, which is puzzling in the case of a large volcanic earthquake that apparently is not explained by shear slip on a planar fault. A possible volcanic mechanism that can produce an earthquake without a volumetric component involves two offset sources with similar but opposite volume changes. We show that although such a model cannot be ruled out, the circumstances under which it could happen are rare.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120080361","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Tkalcic, H., Dreger, D.S., Foulger, G.R., and Julian, B.R., 2009, The puzzle of the 1996 Bárdarbunga, Iceland, earthquake: no volumetric component in the source mechanism: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 99, no. 5, p. 3077-3085, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120080361.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"3077","endPage":"3085","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-010998","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245099,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217177,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120080361"}],"country":"Iceland","otherGeospatial":"Bardarbunga","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -18.6328125,\n 64.31611045403284\n ],\n [\n -18.6328125,\n 64.92354174306496\n ],\n [\n -16.820068359375,\n 64.92354174306496\n ],\n [\n -16.820068359375,\n 64.31611045403284\n ],\n [\n -18.6328125,\n 64.31611045403284\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"99","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-09-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baedfe4b08c986b3243ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tkalcic, Hrvoje","contributorId":70569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tkalcic","given":"Hrvoje","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dreger, Douglas S.","contributorId":55600,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dreger","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":6643,"text":"University of California - Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":460715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Foulger, Gillian R.","contributorId":34796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foulger","given":"Gillian","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Julian, Bruce R.","contributorId":50063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Julian","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70037335,"text":"70037335 - 2009 - The Mackenzie River magnetic anomaly, Yukon and Northwest Territories, Canada-Evidence for Early Proterozoic magmatic arc crust at the edge of the North American craton","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-29T01:31:08.687103","indexId":"70037335","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Mackenzie River magnetic anomaly, Yukon and Northwest Territories, Canada-Evidence for Early Proterozoic magmatic arc crust at the edge of the North American craton","docAbstract":"We characterize the nature of the source of the high-amplitude, long-wavelength, Mackenzie River magnetic anomaly (MRA), Yukon and Northwest Territories, Canada, based on magnetic field data collected at three different altitudes: 300 m, 3.5 km and 400 km. The MRA is the largest amplitude (13 nT) satellite magnetic anomaly over Canada. Within the extent of the MRA, source depth estimates (8–12 km) from Euler deconvolution of low-altitude aeromagnetic data show coincidence with basement depths interpreted from reflection seismic data. Inversion of high-altitude (3.5 km) aeromagnetic data produces an average magnetization of 2.5 A/m within a 15- to 35-km deep layer, a value typical of magmatic arc complexes. Early Proterozoic magmatic arc rocks have been sampled to the southeast of the MRA, within the Fort Simpson magnetic anomaly. The MRA is one of several broad-scale magnetic highs that occur along the inboard margin of the Cordillera in Canada and Alaska, which are coincident with geometric changes in the thrust front transition from the mobile belt to stable cratonic North America. The inferred early Proterozoic magmatic arc complex along the western edge of the North American craton likely influenced later tectonic evolution, by acting as a buttress along the inboard margin of the Cordilleran fold-and-thrust belt.
The Mars Exploration Rovers have accumulated airborne dust on different types of permanent magnets. Images of these magnets document the dynamics of dust capture and removal over time. The strongly magnetic subset of airborne dust appears dark brown to black in Panoramic Camera (Pancam) images, while the weakly magnetic one is bright red. Images returned by the Microscopic Imager reveal the formation of magnetic chains diagnostic of magnetite‐rich grains with substantial magnetization (>8 Am2 kg−1). On the basis of Mössbauer spectra the dust contains magnetite, olivine, pyroxene, and nanophase oxides in varying proportions, depending on wind regime and landing site. The dust contains a larger amount of ferric iron (Fe3+/Fetot ∼ 0.6) than rocks in the Gusev plains (∼0.1–0.2) or average Gusev soil (∼0.3). Alpha Particle X‐Ray Spectrometer data of the dust show that some of the iron in magnetite is substituted by titanium and chromium. The good correlation of the amount of calcium and sulfur in the dust may be caused by the presence of a calcium sulfate related phase. The overall mineralogical composition points to a basaltic origin of the airborne dust, although some alteration has taken place as indicated by the large degree of oxidation.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C. ","doi":"10.1029/2008JE003098","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Madsen, M., Goetz, W., Bertelsen, P., Binau, C., Folkmann, F., Gunnlaugsson, H., Hjollum, J., Hviid, S., Jensen, J., Kinch, K., Leer, K., Madsen, D., Merrison, J., Olsen, M., Arneson, H., Bell, J., Gellert, R., Herkenhoff, K.E., Johnson, J.R., Johnson, M.J., Klingelhofer, G., McCartney, E., Ming, D.W., Morris, R., Proton, J., Rodionov, D., Sims, M., Squyres, S.W., Wdowiak, T., and Yen, A.S., 2009, Overview of the magnetic properties experiments on the Mars Exploration Rovers: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 114, no. E6, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JE003098.","productDescription":"20 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476445,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/129771","text":"External Repository"},{"id":245127,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"114","issue":"E6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7247e4b0c8380cd769e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madsen, M.B.","contributorId":97291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madsen","given":"M.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goetz, W.","contributorId":104258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goetz","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bertelsen, P.","contributorId":66459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bertelsen","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Binau, C.S.","contributorId":8738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Binau","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Folkmann, F.","contributorId":83404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Folkmann","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gunnlaugsson, H.P.","contributorId":30518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gunnlaugsson","given":"H.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hjollum, J.I.","contributorId":33184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hjollum","given":"J.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hviid, S.F.","contributorId":49670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hviid","given":"S.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Jensen, J.","contributorId":25047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jensen","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kinch, K.M.","contributorId":9041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinch","given":"K.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Leer, K.","contributorId":69025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leer","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Madsen, D.E.","contributorId":24649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madsen","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Merrison, J.","contributorId":15481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merrison","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Olsen, M.","contributorId":51539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Arneson, H.M.","contributorId":86935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arneson","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Bell, J.F. 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W.","contributorId":96811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ming","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Morris, R.V.","contributorId":6978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"R.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Proton, J.B.","contributorId":85470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Proton","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Rodionov, D.","contributorId":60824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodionov","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Sims, M.","contributorId":52695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sims","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Squyres, S. W.","contributorId":31836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squyres","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Wdowiak, T.","contributorId":81287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wdowiak","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29},{"text":"Yen, A. S.","contributorId":35860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yen","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":30}]}}
,{"id":70037278,"text":"70037278 - 2009 - Saturn's north polar cyclone and hexagon at depth revealed by Cassini/VIMS","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:08","indexId":"70037278","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3083,"text":"Planetary and Space Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Saturn's north polar cyclone and hexagon at depth revealed by Cassini/VIMS","docAbstract":"A high-speed cyclonic vortex centered on the north pole of Saturn has been revealed by the visual-infrared mapping spectrometer (VIMS) onboard the Cassini-Huygens Orbiter, thus showing that the tropospheres of both poles of Saturn are occupied by cyclonic vortices with winds exceeding 135 m/s. High-spatial-resolution (~200 km per pixel) images acquired predominantly under night-time conditions during Saturn's polar winter-using a thermal wavelength of 5.1 ??m to obtain time-lapsed imagery of discrete, deep-seated (>2.1-bar) cloud features viewed in silhouette against Saturn's internally generated thermal glow-show a classic cyclonic structure, with prograde winds exceeding 135 m/s at its maximum near 88.3?? (planetocentric) latitude, and decreasing to <30 m/s at 89.7?? near the vortex center and<20 m/s at 80.5??. High-speed winds, exceeding 125 m/s, were also measured for cloud features at depth near 76?? (planetocentric) latitude within the polar hexagon consistent with the idea that the hexagon itself, which remains nearly stationary, is a westward (retrograde) propagating Rossby wave - as proposed by Allison (1990, Science 247, 1061-1063) - with a maximum wave speed near 2-bars pressure of ~125 m/s. Winds are ~25 m/s stronger than observed by Voyager, suggesting temporal variability. Images acquired of one side of the hexagon in dawn conditions as the polar winter wanes shows the hexagon is still visible in reflected sunlight nearly 28 years since its discovery, that a similar 3-lane structure is observed in reflected and thermal light, and that the cloudtops may be typically lower in the hexagon than in nearby discrete cloud features outside of it. Clouds are well-correlated in visible and 5.1 ??m images, indicating little windshear above the ~2-bar level. The polar cyclone is similar in size and shape to its counterpart at the south pole; a primary difference is the presence of a small (<600 km in diameter) nearly pole-centered cloud, perhaps indicative of localized upwelling. Many dozens of discrete, circular cloud features dot the polar region, with typical diameters of 300-700 km. Equatorward of 87.8??N, their compact nature in the high-wind polar environment suggests that vertical shear in horizontal winds may be modest on 1000 km scales. These circular clouds may be anticyclonic vortices produced by baroclinic instabilities, barotropic instabilities, moist convection or other processes. The existence of cyclones at both poles of Saturn indicates that cyclonic circulation may be an important dynamical style in planets with significant atmospheres. ?? 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Planetary and Space Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.pss.2009.06.026","issn":"00320633","usgsCitation":"Baines, K.H., Momary, T., Fletcher, L., Showman, A., Roos-Serote, M., Brown, R.H., Buratti, B.J., Clark, R.N., and Nicholson, P.D., 2009, Saturn's north polar cyclone and hexagon at depth revealed by Cassini/VIMS: Planetary and Space Science, v. 57, no. 14-15, p. 1671-1681, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2009.06.026.","startPage":"1671","endPage":"1681","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217201,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2009.06.026"},{"id":245126,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"14-15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b86f9e4b08c986b316231","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baines, K. H.","contributorId":37868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baines","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Momary, T.W.","contributorId":40405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Momary","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fletcher, L.N.","contributorId":55669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"L.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Showman, A.P.","contributorId":75357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Showman","given":"A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Roos-Serote, M.","contributorId":67337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roos-Serote","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brown, R. H.","contributorId":19931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Buratti, B. J.","contributorId":69280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buratti","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Clark, R. N.","contributorId":6568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Nicholson, P. D.","contributorId":54330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nicholson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70037272,"text":"70037272 - 2009 - THE subfossil occurrence and paleoecological significance of small mammals at ankilitelo cave, southwestern Madagascar","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-29T01:36:21.609109","indexId":"70037272","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"THE subfossil occurrence and paleoecological significance of small mammals at ankilitelo cave, southwestern Madagascar","docAbstract":"Small mammals are rarely reported from subfossil sites in Madagascar despite their importance for paleoenvironmental reconstruction, especially as it relates to recent ecological changes on the island. We describe the uniquely rich subfossil small mammal fauna from Ankilitelo Cave, southwestern Madagascar. The Ankilitelo fauna is dated to the late Holocene (∼500 years ago), documenting the youngest appearances of the extinct giant lemur taxa Palaeopropithecus, Megaladapis, and Archaeolemur, in association with abundant remains of small vertebrates, including bats, tenrecs, carnivorans, rodents, and primates. The Ankilitelo fauna is composed of 34 mammalian species, making it one of the most diverse Holocene assemblages in Madagascar. The fauna comprises the 1st report of the short-tailed shrew tenrec (Microgale brevicaudata) and the ring-tailed mongoose (Galidia elegans) in southwestern Madagascar. Further, Ankilitelo documents the presence of southwestern species that are rare or that have greatly restricted ranges today, such as Nasolo's shrew tenrec (M. nasoloi), Grandidier's mongoose (Galidictis grandidieri), the narrow-striped mongoose (Mungotictis decemlineata), and the giant jumping rat (Hypogeomys antimena). A simple cause for the unusual small mammal occurrences at Ankilitelo is not obvious. Synergistic interactions between climate change, recent fragmentation and human-initiated degradation of forested habitats, and community-level processes, such as predation, most likely explain the disjunct distributions of the small mammals documented at Ankilitelo.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1644/08-MAMM-A-242.1","issn":"00222372","usgsCitation":"Muldoon, K., De Blieux, D.D., Simons, E., and Chatrath, P., 2009, THE subfossil occurrence and paleoecological significance of small mammals at ankilitelo cave, southwestern Madagascar: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 90, no. 5, p. 1111-1131, https://doi.org/10.1644/08-MAMM-A-242.1.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"1111","endPage":"1131","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487225,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/08-mamm-a-242.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245033,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-10-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba382e4b08c986b31fd23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muldoon, K.M.","contributorId":60474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muldoon","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"De Blieux, D. D.","contributorId":21786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Blieux","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simons, E.L.","contributorId":57204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simons","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chatrath, P.S.","contributorId":80487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chatrath","given":"P.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70037269,"text":"70037269 - 2009 - The geology of Hotei Regio, Titan: Correlation of Cassini VIMS and RADAR","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-29T01:37:54.967446","indexId":"70037269","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The geology of Hotei Regio, Titan: Correlation of Cassini VIMS and RADAR","docAbstract":"Joint Cassini VIMS and RADAR SAR data of ∼700-km-wide Hotei Regio reveal a rich collection of geological features that correlate between the two sets of images. The degree of correlation is greater than anywhere else seen on Titan. Central to Hotei Regio is a basin filled with cryovolcanic flows that are anomalously bright in VIMS data (in particular at 5 μm) and quite variable in roughness in SAR. The edges of the flows are dark in SAR data and appear to overrun a VIMS-bright substrate. SAR-stereo topography shows the flows to be viscous, 100–200 m thick. On its southern edge the basin is ringed by higher (∼1 km) mountainous terrain. The mountains show mixed texture in SAR data: some regions are extremely rough, exhibit low and spectrally neutral albedo in VIMS data and may be partly coated with darker hydrocarbons. Around the southern margin of Hotei Regio, the SAR image shows several large, dendritic, radar-bright channels that flow down from the mountainous terrain and terminate in dark blue patches, seen in VIMS images, whose infrared color is consistent with enrichment in water ice. The patches are in depressions that we interpret to be filled with fluvial deposits eroded and transported by liquid methane in the channels. In the VIMS images the dark blue patches are encased in a latticework of lighter bands that we suggest to demark a set of circumferential and radial fault systems bounding structural depressions. Conceivably the circular features are tectonic structures that are remnant from an ancient impact structure. We suggest that impact-generated structures may have simply served as zones of weakness; no direct causal connection, such as impact-induced volcanism, is implied. We also speculate that two large dark features lying on the northern margin of Hotei Regio could be calderas. In summary the preservation of such a broad suite of VIMS infrared color variations and the detailed correlation with features in the SAR image and SAR topography evidence a complex set of geological processes (pluvial, fluvial, tectonic, cryovolcanic, impact) that have likely remained active up to very recent geological time (<104 year). That the cryovolcanic flows are excessively bright in the infrared, particularly at 5 μm, might signal ongoing geological activity. One study [Nelson, R.M., and 28 colleagues, 2009. Icarus 199, 429–441] reported significant 2-μm albedo changes in VIMS data for Hotei Arcus acquired between 2004 and 2006, that were interpreted as evidence for such activity. However in our review of that work, we do not agree that such evidence has yet been found.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2009.07.033","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Soderblom, L., Brown, R.H., Soderblom, J., Barnes, J.W., Kirk, R.L., Sotin, C., Jaumann, R., MacKinnon, D.J., Mackowski, D., Baines, K.H., Buratti, B.J., Clark, R.N., and Nicholson, P.D., 2009, The geology of Hotei Regio, Titan: Correlation of Cassini VIMS and RADAR: Icarus, v. 204, no. 2, p. 610-618, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2009.07.033.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"610","endPage":"618","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245000,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"204","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bac6ce4b08c986b3234b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soderblom, L.A. 0000-0002-0917-853X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-853X","contributorId":6139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, R. H.","contributorId":19931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Soderblom, J.M.","contributorId":31097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barnes, J. W.","contributorId":14554,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barnes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kirk, R. L.","contributorId":94698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sotin, Christophe","contributorId":53924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sotin","given":"Christophe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jaumann, R.","contributorId":81232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaumann","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"MacKinnon, D. J.","contributorId":79145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacKinnon","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Mackowski, D.W.","contributorId":60886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mackowski","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Baines, K. H.","contributorId":37868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baines","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Buratti, B. J.","contributorId":69280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buratti","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Clark, R. N.","contributorId":6568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Nicholson, P. D.","contributorId":54330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nicholson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":70037219,"text":"70037219 - 2009 - Genetic susceptibility to chronic wasting disease in free-ranging white-tailed deer: complement component C1q and Prnp polymorphisms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-18T12:01:36","indexId":"70037219","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1988,"text":"Infection, Genetics and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic susceptibility to chronic wasting disease in free-ranging white-tailed deer: complement component C1q and Prnp polymorphisms","docAbstract":"The genetic basis of susceptibility to chronic wasting disease (CWD) in free-ranging cervids is of great interest. Association studies of disease susceptibility in free-ranging populations, however, face considerable challenges including: the need for large sample sizes when disease is rare, animals of unknown pedigree create a risk of spurious results due to population admixture, and the inability to control disease exposure or dose. We used an innovative matched case–control design and conditional logistic regression to evaluate associations between polymorphisms of complement C1q and prion protein (Prnp) genes and CWD infection in white-tailed deer from the CWD endemic area in south-central Wisconsin. To reduce problems due to admixture or disease-risk confounding, we used neutral genetic (microsatellite) data to identify closely related CWD-positive (n = 68) and CWD-negative (n = 91) female deer to serve as matched cases and controls. Cases and controls were also matched on factors (sex, location, age) previously demonstrated to affect CWD infection risk. For Prnp, deer with at least one Serine (S) at amino acid 96 were significantly less likely to be CWD-positive relative to deer homozygous for Glycine (G). This is the first characterization of genes associated with the complement system in white-tailed deer. No tests for association between any C1q polymorphism and CWD infection were significant at p < 0.05. After controlling for Prnp, we found weak support for an elevated risk of CWD infection in deer with at least one Glycine (G) at amino acid 56 of the C1qC gene. While we documented numerous amino acid polymorphisms in C1q genes none appear to be strongly associated with CWD susceptibility.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.meegid.2009.08.010","issn":"15671348","usgsCitation":"Blanchong, J.A., Heisey, D.M., Scribner, K.T., Libants, S.V., Johnson, C., Aiken, J.M., Langenberg, J.A., and Samuel, M.D., 2009, Genetic susceptibility to chronic wasting disease in free-ranging white-tailed deer: complement component C1q and Prnp polymorphisms: Infection, Genetics and Evolution, v. 9, no. 6, p. 1329-1335, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2009.08.010.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1329","endPage":"1335","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476275,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/nrem_pubs/84","text":"External Repository"},{"id":245151,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217224,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2009.08.010"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.5328369140625,\n 42.67839711889055\n ],\n [\n -90.5328369140625,\n 43.42898792344155\n ],\n [\n -89.373779296875,\n 43.42898792344155\n ],\n [\n -89.373779296875,\n 42.67839711889055\n ],\n [\n -90.5328369140625,\n 42.67839711889055\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1589e4b0c8380cd54e6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blanchong, Julie A.","contributorId":6030,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blanchong","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13018,"text":"Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":459939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heisey, Dennis M. dheisey@usgs.gov","contributorId":2455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heisey","given":"Dennis","email":"dheisey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":459943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scribner, Kim T.","contributorId":95434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scribner","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":459946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Libants, Scot V.","contributorId":126752,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Libants","given":"Scot","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":6590,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":459941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Chad","contributorId":88678,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Chad","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Aiken, Judd M.","contributorId":64780,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aiken","given":"Judd","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Langenberg, Julia A.","contributorId":93619,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Langenberg","given":"Julia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7242,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, WI, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":459945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Samuel, Michael D. msamuel@usgs.gov","contributorId":1419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samuel","given":"Michael","email":"msamuel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":459940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70037218,"text":"70037218 - 2009 - Angler awareness of aquatic nuisance species and potential transport mechanisms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:07","indexId":"70037218","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1659,"text":"Fisheries Management and Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Angler awareness of aquatic nuisance species and potential transport mechanisms","docAbstract":"The role anglers play in transporting aquatic nuisance species (ANS) is important in managing infestations and preventing introductions. The objectives of this study were to: (1) quantify angler movement patterns in southwestern Montana, ANS awareness and equipment cleaning practices; and (2) quantify the amount of soil transported on boots and waders. Mean distance travelled by residents from their home to the survey site was 115 km (??17, 95% CI). Mean distance travelled by non-residents was 1738 km (??74). Fifty-one percent of residents and 49% of non-residents reported occasionally, rarely or never cleaning their boots and waders between uses. Mean weight of soil carried on one boot leg was 8.39 g (??1.50). Movement and equipment cleaning practices of anglers in southwestern Montana suggest that future control of ANS dispersal may require restricting the use of felt-soled wading boots, requiring river-specific wading equipment or providing cleaning stations and requiring their use. ?? 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fisheries Management and Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2400.2009.00694.x","issn":"0969997X","usgsCitation":"Gates, K., Guy, C., Zale, A., and Horton, T., 2009, Angler awareness of aquatic nuisance species and potential transport mechanisms: Fisheries Management and Ecology, v. 16, no. 6, p. 448-456, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2400.2009.00694.x.","startPage":"448","endPage":"456","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217198,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2400.2009.00694.x"},{"id":245123,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-11-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ebfce4b0c8380cd48ffe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gates, K.K.","contributorId":47182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gates","given":"K.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guy, C.S.","contributorId":59160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guy","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zale, A.V.","contributorId":15793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zale","given":"A.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Horton, T.B.","contributorId":22162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"T.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70037209,"text":"70037209 - 2009 - On near-source earthquake triggering","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-30T12:09:10.963995","indexId":"70037209","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On near-source earthquake triggering","docAbstract":"[1] When one earthquake triggers others nearby, what connects them? Two processes are observed: static stress change from fault offset and dynamic stress changes from passing seismic waves. In the near-source region (r ≤ 50 km for M ∼ 5 sources) both processes may be operating, and since both mechanisms are expected to raise earthquake rates, it is difficult to isolate them. We thus compare explosions with earthquakes because only earthquakes cause significant static stress changes. We find that large explosions at the Nevada Test Site do not trigger earthquakes at rates comparable to similar magnitude earthquakes. Surface waves are associated with regional and long-range dynamic triggering, but we note that surface waves with low enough frequency to penetrate to depths where most aftershocks of the 1992 M = 5.7 Little Skull Mountain main shock occurred (∼12 km) would not have developed significant amplitude within a 50-km radius. We therefore focus on the best candidate phases to cause local dynamic triggering, direct waves that pass through observed near-source aftershock clusters. We examine these phases, which arrived at the nearest (200–270 km) broadband station before the surface wave train and could thus be isolated for study. Direct comparison of spectral amplitudes of presurface wave arrivals shows that M ∼ 5 explosions and earthquakes deliver the same peak dynamic stresses into the near-source crust. We conclude that a static stress change model can readily explain observed aftershock patterns, whereas it is difficult to attribute near-source triggering to a dynamic process because of the dearth of aftershocks near large explosions.
Samples of damage-zone granodiorite and fault core from two drillholes into the active, strike-slip Nojima fault zone display microstructures and alteration features that explain their measured present-day strengths and permeabilities and provide insight on the evolution of these properties in the fault zone. The least deformed damage-zone rocks contain two sets of nearly perpendicular (60–90° angles), roughly vertical fractures that are concentrated in quartz-rich areas, with one set typically dominating over the other. With increasing intensity of deformation, which corresponds generally to increasing proximity to the core, zones of heavily fragmented rock, termed microbreccia zones, develop between prominent fractures of both sets. Granodiorite adjoining intersecting microbreccia zones in the active fault strands has been repeatedly fractured and locally brecciated, accompanied by the generation of millimeter-scale voids that are partly filled with secondary minerals. Minor shear bands overprint some of the heavily deformed areas, and small-scale shear zones form from the pairing of closely spaced shear bands. Strength and permeability measurements were made on core collected from the fault within a year after a major (Kobe) earthquake. Measured strengths of the samples decrease regularly with increasing fracturing and fragmentation, such that the gouge of the fault core and completely brecciated samples from the damage zone are the weakest. Permeability increases with increasing disruption, generally reaching a peak in heavily fractured but still more or less cohesive rock at the scale of the laboratory samples. Complete loss of cohesion, as in the gouge or the interiors of large microbreccia zones, is accompanied by a reduction of permeability by 1-2 orders of magnitude below the peak values. The core samples show abundant evidence of hydrothermal alteration and mineral precipitation. Permeability is thus expected to decrease and strength to increase somewhat in active fault strands between earthquakes, as mineral deposits progressively seal fractures and fill pore spaces.
Spatial, temporal, and sediment-type trends in enantiomer signatures were evaluated for cis- and trans-chlordane (CC, TC) in archived core, suspended, and surficial-sediment samples from six lake, reservoir, and river sites across the United States. The enantiomer fractions (EFs) measured in these samples are in good agreement with those reported for sediment, soil, and air samples in previous studies. The chlordane EFs were generally close to the racemic value of 0.5, with CC values ranging from 0.493 to 0.527 (usually >0.5) and TC values from 0.463 to 0.53 (usually <0.5). EF changes with core depth were detected for TC and CC in some cores, with the most non-racemic values near the top of the core. Surficial and suspended sediments generally have EF values similar to the top core layers but are often more non-racemic, indicating that enantioselective degradation is occurring before soils are eroded and deposited into bottom sediments. We hypothesize that rapid losses (desorption or degradation) from suspended sediments of the more bioavailable chlordane fraction during transport and initial deposition could explain the apparent shift to more racemic EF values in surficial and top core sediments. Near racemic CC and TC in the core profiles suggest minimal alteration of chlordane from biotic degradation, unless it is via non-enantioselective processes. EF values for the heptachlor degradate, heptachlor epoxide (HEPX), determined in surficial sediments from one location only were always non-racemic (EF ≈ 0.66), were indicative of substantial biotic processing, and followed reported EF trends.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.08.023","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Ulrich, E., Foreman, W., Van Metre, P., Wilson, J., and Rounds, S., 2009, Enantiomer fractions of chlordane components in sediment from U.S. Geological Survey sites in lakes and rivers: Science of the Total Environment, v. 407, no. 22, p. 5884-5893, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.08.023.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"5884","endPage":"5893","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245147,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217220,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.08.023"}],"volume":"407","issue":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0919e4b0c8380cd51de2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ulrich, E.M.","contributorId":10956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ulrich","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foreman, W.T.","contributorId":94684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foreman","given":"W.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Van Metre, P. C.","contributorId":92999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Metre","given":"P. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilson, J.T.","contributorId":97489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"J.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rounds, S.A.","contributorId":88395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rounds","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70037134,"text":"70037134 - 2009 - Comparison of humus and till as prospecting material in areas of thick overburden and multiple ice-flow events: An example from northeastern New Brunswick","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:10","indexId":"70037134","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of humus and till as prospecting material in areas of thick overburden and multiple ice-flow events: An example from northeastern New Brunswick","docAbstract":"Thirty-nine elements in humus and till matrix were compared at 109 sites overlying Ag-As-Cu-Mo-Pb-Zn mineralized occurrences in northeastern New Brunswick to assess humus for anomaly identification. Humus element concentrations were not consistently correlative with maximum or minimum concentrations found in the underlying till or bedrock. The humus demonstrated significantly higher mean elemental concentrations than the till for six specific elements: 9 times greater for Mn, 6 times greater for Cd, 5 times greater for Ag and Pb, 3 times greater for Hg, and double the concentration of Zn. Spatial dispersal patterns for these elements were much larger for humus content than that exhibited by the till matrix analysis, but did not delineate a point source. For elements in till, the highest concentrations were commonly found directly overlying the underlying mineralized bedrock source or within one km down-glacier of the source. The complexity of the humus geochemical patterns is attributed to the effects of post-glacial biogenic, down-slope hydrodynamic and solifluction modification of dispersed mineralization in the underlying till, and the greater capacity of humus to adsorb cations and form complexes with some elements, relative to the till matrix. Humus sampling in areas of glaciated terrain is considered to be mostly valuable for reconnaissance exploration as elements can be spatially dispersed over a much larger area than that found in the till or underlying bedrock. ?? 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2009.08.002","issn":"03756742","usgsCitation":"Broster, B.E., Dickson, M., and Parkhill, M., 2009, Comparison of humus and till as prospecting material in areas of thick overburden and multiple ice-flow events: An example from northeastern New Brunswick: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 103, no. 2-3, p. 115-132, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2009.08.002.","startPage":"115","endPage":"132","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217337,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2009.08.002"},{"id":245279,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f86ae4b0c8380cd4d0b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Broster, Bruce E.","contributorId":85441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Broster","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dickson, M.L.","contributorId":25737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickson","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parkhill, M.A.","contributorId":57247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkhill","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70037127,"text":"70037127 - 2009 - Lysimetric evaluation of simplified surface energy balance approach in the Texas high plains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:11","indexId":"70037127","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":833,"text":"Applied Engineering in Agriculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lysimetric evaluation of simplified surface energy balance approach in the Texas high plains","docAbstract":"Numerous energy balance (EB) algorithms have been developed to make use of remote sensing data to estimate evapotranspiration (ET) regionally. However, most EB models are complex to use and efforts are being made to simplify procedures mainly through the scaling of reference ET. The Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) is one such method. This approach has never been evaluated using measured ET data. In this study, the SSEB approach was applied to 14 Landsat TM images covering a major portion of the Southern High Plains that were acquired during 2006 and 2007 cropping seasons. Performance of the SSEB was evaluated by comparing estimated ET with measured daily ET from four large monolithic lysimeters at the USDA-ARS Conservation and Production Research Laboratory, Bushland, Texas. Statistical evaluation of results indicated that the SSEB accounted for 84% of the variability in the measured ET values with a slope and intercept of 0.75 and 1.1 mm d-1, respectively. Considering the minimal amount of ancillary data required and excellent performance in predicting daily ET, the SSEB approach is a promising tool for mapping ET in the semiarid Texas High Plains and in other parts of the world with similar hydro-climatic conditions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Engineering in Agriculture","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"08838542","usgsCitation":"Gowda, P., Senay, G., Howell, T., and Marek, T., 2009, Lysimetric evaluation of simplified surface energy balance approach in the Texas high plains: Applied Engineering in Agriculture, v. 25, no. 5, p. 665-669.","startPage":"665","endPage":"669","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245178,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4aa5e4b0c8380cd68f1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gowda, P.H.","contributorId":63652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gowda","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Senay, G.B. 0000-0002-8810-8539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":17741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"G.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Howell, T.A.","contributorId":57694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howell","given":"T.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marek, T.H.","contributorId":38815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marek","given":"T.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70037107,"text":"70037107 - 2009 - Global irrigated area map (GIAM), derived from remote sensing, for the end of the last millennium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:09","indexId":"70037107","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Global irrigated area map (GIAM), derived from remote sensing, for the end of the last millennium","docAbstract":"A Global Irrigated Area Map (GIAM) has been produced for the end of the last millennium using multiple satellite sensor, secondary, Google Earth and groundtruth data. The data included: (a) Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) 3-band and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) 10 km monthly time-series for 1997-1999, (b) Syste me pour l'Observation de la Terre Vegetation (SPOT VGT) NDVI 1 km monthly time series for 1999, (c) East Anglia University Climate Research Unit (CRU) rainfall 50km monthly time series for 1961-2000, (d) Global 30 Arc-Second Elevation Data Set (GTOPO30) 1 km digital elevation data of the World, (e) Japanese Earth Resources Satellite-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (JERS-1 SAR) data for the rain forests during two seasons in 1996 and (f) University of Maryland Global Tree Cover 1 km data for 1992-1993. A single mega-file data-cube (MFDC) of the World with 159 layers, akin to hyperspectral data, was composed by re-sampling different data types into a common 1 km resolution. The MFDC was segmented based on elevation, temperature and precipitation zones. Classification was performed on the segments. Quantitative spectral matching techniques (SMTs) used in hyperspectral data analysis were adopted to group class spectra derived from unsupervised classification and match them with ideal or target spectra. A rigorous class identification and labelling process involved the use of: (a) space-time spiral curve (ST-SC) plots, (b) brightness-greenness-wetness (BGW) plots, (c) time series NDVI plots, (d) Google Earth very-high-resolution imagery (VHRI) 'zoom-in views' in over 11 000 locations, (e) groundtruth data broadly sourced from the degree confluence project (3 864 sample locations) and from the GIAM project (1 790 sample locations), (f) high-resolution Landsat-ETM+ Geocover 150m mosaic of the World and (g) secondary data (e.g. national and global land use and land cover data). Mixed classes were resolved based on decision tree algorithms and spatial modelling, and when that did not work, the problem class was used to mask and re-classify the MDFC, and the class identification and labelling protocol repeated. The sub-pixel area (SPA) calculations were performed by multiplying full-pixel areas (FPAs) with irrigated area fractions (IAFs) for every class. A 28 class GIAM was produced and the area statistics reported as: (a) annualized irrigated areas (AIAs), which consider intensity of irrigation (i.e. sum of irrigated areas from different seasons in a year plus continuous year-round irrigation or gross irrigated areas), and (b) total area available for irrigation (TAAI), which does not consider intensity of irrigation (i.e. irrigated areas at any given point of time plus the areas left fallow but 'equipped for irrigation' at the same point of time or net irrigated areas). The AIA of the World at the end of the last millennium was 467 million hectares (Mha), which is sum of the non-overlapping areas of: (a) 252 Mha from season one, (b) 174 Mha from season two and (c) 41 Mha from continuous year-round crops. The TAAI at the end of the last millennium was 399 Mha. The distribution of irrigated areas is highly skewed amongst continents and countries. Asia accounts for 79% (370 Mha) of all AIAs, followed by Europe (7%) and North America (7%). Three continents, South America (4%), Africa (2%) and Australia (1%), have a very low proportion of the global irrigation. The GIAM had an accuracy of 79-91%, with errors of omission not exceeding 21%, and the errors of commission not exceeding 23%. The GIAM statistics were also compared with: (a) the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) and University of Frankfurt (UF) derived irrigated areas and (b) national census data for India. The relationships and causes of differences are discussed in detail. The GIAM products are made available through a web portal (http://www.iwmigiam.org). ?? 2009 Taylor & Francis.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1080/01431160802698919","issn":"01431161","usgsCitation":"Thenkabail, P., Biradar, C., Noojipady, P., Dheeravath, V., Li, Y., Velpuri, M., Gumma, M., Gangalakunta, O., Turral, H., Cai, X., Vithanage, J., Schull, M., and Dutta, R., 2009, Global irrigated area map (GIAM), derived from remote sensing, for the end of the last millennium: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 30, no. 14, p. 3679-3733, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160802698919.","startPage":"3679","endPage":"3733","numberOfPages":"55","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217424,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431160802698919"},{"id":245370,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a294ce4b0c8380cd5a827","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thenkabail, P.S.","contributorId":66071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thenkabail","given":"P.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Biradar, C.M.","contributorId":35563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biradar","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Noojipady, P.","contributorId":42453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noojipady","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dheeravath, V.","contributorId":55234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dheeravath","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Li, Y.","contributorId":41394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Velpuri, M. 0000-0002-6370-1926","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6370-1926","contributorId":7935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Velpuri","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gumma, M.","contributorId":7942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gumma","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gangalakunta, O.R.P.","contributorId":84588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gangalakunta","given":"O.R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Turral, H.","contributorId":50750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turral","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Cai, X.","contributorId":95294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cai","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Vithanage, J.","contributorId":62860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vithanage","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Schull, M.A.","contributorId":70618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schull","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Dutta, R.","contributorId":17452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dutta","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":70037097,"text":"70037097 - 2009 - A historical perspective on the \"fish tumors or other deformities\" beneficial use impairment at Great Lakes Areas of Concern","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-08T08:48:28","indexId":"70037097","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A historical perspective on the \"fish tumors or other deformities\" beneficial use impairment at Great Lakes Areas of Concern","docAbstract":"The Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement defines Areas of Concern as geographic areas that fail to meet the general or specific objectives of the agreement where such failure has caused or is likely to cause impairment of beneficial use of the area's ability to support aquatic life. One of the beneficial use impairments, fish tumors or other deformities, is defined by the International Joint Commission to occur when the incidence rate of fish tumors and other deformities exceeds rates at unimpacted or control sites, or when survey data confirm the presence of neoplastic or preneoplastic liver tumors in bullhead or suckers. Brown bullhead, a benthic species with a limited home range, have frequently been used as indicator species in U.S. Areas of Concern. While there is strong field evidence for an association between PAH exposure and hepatic neoplasia in brown bullhead, laboratory investigations would strengthen the association. There is less evidence linking specific classes of chemicals in the environment to orocutaneous neoplasia in brown bullhead. Studies on orocutaneous neoplasia of brown bullhead should focus on assessing the presence or absence of viruses and on epidermal exposure to specific chemicals and chemical mixtures. Lastly, the effects of covariates such as length, age, and gender on the prevalence of liver and skin neoplasms should be investigated. This paper reviews the state of science on the fish tumors or other deformities beneficial use impairment. Subsequent papers address specific issues related to this impairment and provide recommendations for standardized criteria.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2009.07.005","issn":"03801330","usgsCitation":"Rafferty, S., Blazer, V., Pinkney, A., Grazio, J., Obert, E., and Boughton, L., 2009, A historical perspective on the \"fish tumors or other deformities\" beneficial use impairment at Great Lakes Areas of Concern: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 35, no. 4, p. 496-506, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2009.07.005.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"496","endPage":"506","costCenters":[{"id":418,"text":"National Fish Health Research Laboratory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":217277,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2009.07.005"},{"id":245210,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes","volume":"35","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e421e4b0c8380cd46424","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rafferty, S.D.","contributorId":28453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rafferty","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blazer, V. S. 0000-0001-6647-9614","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":56991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"V. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pinkney, A.E.","contributorId":87501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pinkney","given":"A.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grazio, J.L.","contributorId":64485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grazio","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Obert, E.C.","contributorId":38808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obert","given":"E.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Boughton, L.","contributorId":23364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boughton","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
]}