{"pageNumber":"213","pageRowStart":"5300","pageSize":"25","recordCount":36989,"records":[{"id":70704,"text":"ofr20051173 - 2005 - Advancing migratory bird conservation and management by using radar: An interagency collaboration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-04T19:12:06.790608","indexId":"ofr20051173","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1173","title":"Advancing migratory bird conservation and management by using radar: An interagency collaboration","docAbstract":"<p>Migratory birds face many changes to the landscapes they traverse and the habitats they use. Wind turbines and communications towers, which pose hazards to birds and bats in flight, are being erected or proposed across the United States and offshore. Human activities can also destroy or threaten habitats critical to birds during migratory passage, and climate change appears to be altering migratory patterns. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and other agencies are under increasing pressure to identify and evaluate movement patterns and habitats used during migration and other times.</p>\n<p>Few tools for deciphering migratory travels exist, but radar-based studies of movements and habitat use patterns in songbirds, waterfowl, and bats hold promise. The U.S. system of over 150 Doppler weather radars provides continental coverage, similar to the scale of bird migration. Although data stored from weather radar represent perhaps the second largest biological data archive in the world, use of those data is currently limited to technically savvy biologists who can handle the obscure data formats. Complementary mobile radar units and thermal and acoustic monitoring are also used in site-specific studies. Efforts to advance bird conservation and management through the use of radar arose independently in several USFWS/USGS collaborations. Recently, this coalition of scientists and resource managers identified the need to work together more closely to foster radar-related research and software development.</p>\n<p>U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists at Fort Collins Science Center, National Wetlands Research Center, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, and Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, as well as USFWS Migratory Bird biologists across the country, are collaborating with university partners to develop a suite of products for managers. The goals are to identify migratory pathways and stopover sites for conservation, mitigation, and landscape planning; convey the importance of functional landscapes and unobstructed airspaces for migrating wildlife; enable use of radar by the wider biological, wind power, and related communities; and simplify the analysis of radar data. The long term focus is to use radar technologies to better understand movement patterns and habitat associations of migratory birds and other wildlife. Land managers and industry may use the knowledge and tools developed to optimize the siting of energy projects, other facilities, and migratory bird habitat projects.</p>\n<p>The complementary endeavors, not all of which are funded, concentrate on four fundamentals: (1) develop software, in collaboration with National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) scientists, that enables biologists to access unfiltered weather data and integrate it into standard geographic information systems; (2) develop artificial intelligence-based filters that separate bird from nonbird radar echoes; (3) determine characteristics of bird migration in terms of altitude, speed and direction, daily movements, seasonality, and associations with habitats and landforms; and (4) examine specific movement patterns in relation to towers, wind generation facilities, and tall obstructions.</p>\n<p>Many technical issues make this work difficult, including complex data structures, massive data sets, digital recognition of birds, large areas not covered by weather radar, and model validation; however, progress will only be furthered by tackling the challenge. The new coalition will meets its goals by: (1) facilitating a productive collaboration with NOAA, Department of the Interior bureaus, state wildlife agencies, universities, power companies, and other potential partners; (2) building and strengthening scientific capabilities within USGS; (3) addressing key migratory bird management issues; and (4) ensuring full funding for the collaborative effort.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051173","collaboration":"Prepared in collaboration with U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Ruth, J.M., Barrow, W., Sojda, R.S., Dawson, D.K., Diehl, R.H., Manville, A., Green, M.T., Krueper, D.J., and Johnston, S., 2005, Advancing migratory bird conservation and management by using radar: An interagency collaboration: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1173, iii, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051173.","productDescription":"iii, 12 p.","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320238,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1173/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":192755,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20051173.PNG"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db6981dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruth, Janet M. 0000-0003-1576-5957 janet_ruth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1576-5957","contributorId":1408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruth","given":"Janet","email":"janet_ruth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barrow, Wylie C. 0000-0003-4671-2823 barroww@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4671-2823","contributorId":1988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrow","given":"Wylie C.","email":"barroww@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":282916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sojda, Richard S. sojda@usgs.gov","contributorId":1663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sojda","given":"Richard","email":"sojda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dawson, Deanna K. ddawson@usgs.gov","contributorId":1257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"Deanna","email":"ddawson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Diehl, Robert H. 0000-0001-9141-1734 rhdiehl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9141-1734","contributorId":3396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diehl","given":"Robert","email":"rhdiehl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Manville, Albert","contributorId":65558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manville","given":"Albert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Green, Michael T.","contributorId":55097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Krueper, David J.","contributorId":103752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krueper","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Johnston, Scott","contributorId":86864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":73393,"text":"ofr20051378 - 2005 - Stakeholder survey results for Lake Umbagog National Wildlife Refuge: Completion report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-04T15:46:16","indexId":"ofr20051378","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1378","title":"Stakeholder survey results for Lake Umbagog National Wildlife Refuge: Completion report","docAbstract":"<p>Lake Umbagog is a newly established Refuge (in 1993) with an increasing visitation. Current visitation numbers are around 55,000 visits/year. Though limited visitor services are currently offered, additional services will be proposed in the CCP. The purpose of this survey is to assess interested publics' and stakeholders' satisfaction with existing visitor conditions and experiences on the Refuge and the preferences for proposed changes to the Refuge affecting visitation. An additional purpose is to gauge customers' understanding and knowledge regarding the Refuge so that future communications with stakeholders regarding proposed changes can be most effective. Appendix A of this report includes the survey instrument. Appendix B includes the summary data for all of the questions in the survey, in the order that they appear in the survey. For the most part, that information is not repeated in the body of the report, which focuses on the meaning of more in-depth analyses of the survey data.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051378","usgsCitation":"Sexton, N.R., Stewart, S., Koontz, L., and Wundrock, K.D., 2005, Stakeholder survey results for Lake Umbagog National Wildlife Refuge: Completion report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1378, Report: 115 p.; Executive Summary: 7 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051378.","productDescription":"Report: 115 p.; Executive Summary: 7 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193323,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20051378.PNG"},{"id":320258,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1378/summary.pdf","text":"Executive Summary","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":320257,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1378/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Umbagog National Wildlife Refuge","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e1e4b07f02db5e48b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sexton, Natalie R.","contributorId":82750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sexton","given":"Natalie","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, Susan C.","contributorId":48257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Susan C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koontz, Lynne koontzl@usgs.gov","contributorId":2174,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koontz","given":"Lynne","email":"koontzl@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":7016,"text":"Environmental Quality Division, National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":286395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wundrock, Katherine D.","contributorId":29083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wundrock","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70481,"text":"ofr20051061 - 2005 - Communicating with wildland interface communities during wildfire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-09T11:43:29","indexId":"ofr20051061","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1061","title":"Communicating with wildland interface communities during wildfire","docAbstract":"<p>An inter-agency research team studied communications during the small Bridge Fire in southern California, as well the before-, during-, and post-fire communications of an extreme fire event (Old and Grand Prix Fires) in the same area in the fall of 2003. This &ldquo;quick-response&rdquo; research showed that pre-fire communication planning was particularly effective for small fire events, and parts of such planning - especially the inter-agency coordination through the establishment and work of the Mountain Area Safety Taskforce [MAST] &ndash; proved invaluable for the large fire event.</p>\n<p>Information seeking by the affected public relied on locally convenient sources during the small fire. Neighbors and friends were contacted; emergency frequency radio scanners were monitored; posted information was sought; and local call-in lines were utilized. Often, personal contacts were made where fire fighters could be contacted either directly or indirectly through family members. The information being sought was primarily about the precise location and severity, size, and direction of spread of the fire. This was keyed to the concern as to whether communities and personal homes were likely to be threatened. Effective community networks included the local fire department, the local water board, and established Fire Safe Councils [FSCs] which served as liaisons between the communities and the fire incident management team.</p>\n<p>During the Old Fire and Grand Prix Fire complex, levels of threat were much higher, over a much longer period of time, and required prolonged evacuation displacement. With widespread evacuation of many communities, many of the local informal networks were disrupted: FSCs were scattered over a multi-state area; persons with personal knowledge of the fires were difficult to find&ndash;but in some instances were discovered. Attempts by fire officials to control the quality of fire information being disseminated were sometimes viewed by the at-risk public as delays in the flow of information. Local residents&rsquo; needs were for &ldquo;real-time&rdquo; information that was also placespecific; generalized information was of little value.</p>\n<p>Assistance by news media (radio, TV, newspapers) in disseminating needed fire information was mixed. Regional TV and newspapers were perceived as very often being inaccurate (e.g. newscasters who did not know from where they were reporting, and communities wrongly listed as burned out), and focused on &ldquo;entertaining&rdquo; their major audiences in Los Angeles or San Diego rather than trying to report accurate information to mountain community residents. One local radio station was lauded for taking its community service obligation seriously and providing local residents with timely and verified information, and a couple of private websites were also cited as providing critical information.</p>\n<p>There are times when the flow of information tends to get disrupted, especially when transitioning from one fire Incident Management Team [IMT] to another, or from active fire fighting to post fire recovery and protection.</p>\n<p>The primary recommendation for fire management that comes from this triangulation on communication before, during, and after wildland interface fires is to &ldquo;inform the network.&rdquo; With changes in communication technology, the public has multiple channels to explore to discover the information they need, and they will not be put off by what they perceive as information delays. To increase the likelihood that the public will discover real, accurate, and timely information it is critical to disseminate information from the Incident Management Team as broadly as possible through multiple information channels. The at-risk public is seeking real time information; the key is to have accurate information readily available.</p>\n<p>A second recommendation is to respond positively to groups trying to provide a local information function for both fire fighting and for media reporting. The research team heard multiple reports of inaccuracies in regional news media reporting. Fire crews could have benefited&nbsp;from more local information on community defensibility and accessibility for fire fighting equipment. An FSC network in southern California is attempting to establish this kind of functional local-information network.&nbsp;</p>\n<p>The pre-event preparation represented by the MAST was critical to effective handling of these fire events. More findings and recommendations are presented at the end of the report.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051061","usgsCitation":"Taylor, J.G., Gillette, S.C., Hodgson, R.W., and Downing, J.L., 2005, Communicating with wildland interface communities during wildfire (Revised and reprinted 2005): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1061, iii, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051061.","productDescription":"iii, 26 p.","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":188362,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20051061.PNG"},{"id":320244,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1061/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"24000","edition":"Revised and reprinted 2005","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae5b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, Jonathan G.","contributorId":37378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gillette, Shana C.","contributorId":9346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillette","given":"Shana","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hodgson, Ronald W.","contributorId":14514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodgson","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Downing, Judith L.","contributorId":13699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downing","given":"Judith","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70705,"text":"ofr20051075 - 2005 - Cibola High Levee Pond annual report 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-09T13:08:50","indexId":"ofr20051075","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1075","title":"Cibola High Levee Pond annual report 2004","docAbstract":"<p>This represents the fourth and last annual report of a five year study investigating the early life ecology of the bonytail and razorback sucker at Cibola High Levee Pond. The work in 2004 included: telemetry studies, collection of physical water quality measurements, zooplankton samples, netting fish, the collection of scale samples for aging, predator/prey tank tests and a preliminary analysis of the data base.</p>\n<p>Juvenile bonytail and razorback suckers were collected this year, demonstrating that natural recruitment occurred for both species. Young from 2004, 2003, and 2002 were all represented in our sample. Unfortunately, we discovered that largemouth bass had also spawned. Approximately 100 young bass were observed during a snorkeling trip in late July. Bass ranged in size from an estimated 5 to 50 cm and were distributed throughout the pond.</p>\n<p>Attempts to determine the cover preference of 30-cm bonytail met difficulties. Spawning occurred a month earlier than previous years due to an unseasonably warm spring. The combination of warmer temperatures and the vigors of spawning attributed to higher stress and associated mortality of study fish. We replicated our procedures under hatchery conditions on the chance that transmitter attachment was at fault but we experienced similar post-release mortality, including the control fish. This supports the long held contention that bonytail are extremely fragile during and after spawning.</p>\n<p>In the predator-prey tests, young of every species tested ate razorback sucker larvae. The most aggressive predators tested in 2004 (n = 8 species) were young of the year green sunfish, channel catfish, and common carp. Bullfrog tadpoles and red swamp crayfish also ate razorback sucker larvae and eggs, showing predation is not limited to predatory fish. This work illustrates that early life stages are quite vulnerable to small predators that have easy access to shallow nursery habitats.</p>\n<p>Remaining work will be finished this coming summer and a final report describing CHLP and the ecology of these fish will be completed by the end of 2005. We offer our assistance to the Fish and Wildlife Service in the pond&rsquo;s renovation and support for the creation of additional refuge ponds. Funding for this work ends September 2005.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051075","usgsCitation":"Mueller, G.A., Carpenter, J., and Marsh, P.C., 2005, Cibola High Levee Pond annual report 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1075, iv, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051075.","productDescription":"iv, 46 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192756,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20051075.PNG"},{"id":320246,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1075/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Cibola High Levee Pond","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48c3e4b07f02db53e54e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mueller, Gordon A.","contributorId":86420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carpenter, Jeanette","contributorId":41513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"Jeanette","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marsh, Paul C.","contributorId":33383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marsh","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":76686,"text":"ofr20051426 - 2005 - 2004 annual progress report: Stratton Sagebrush Hydrology Study Area: Establishment of a long-term research site in a high-elevation sagebrush steppe","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-25T15:17:23","indexId":"ofr20051426","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1426","title":"2004 annual progress report: Stratton Sagebrush Hydrology Study Area: Establishment of a long-term research site in a high-elevation sagebrush steppe","docAbstract":"<p>In 2004 the U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center (FORT) and the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), Rawlins Field Office (RFO), began a cooperative effort to reestablish the Stratton Sagebrush Hydrology Study Area (Stratton) as a research location, with the goal of making it a site for long-term research on sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) ecology. No other long-term research sites in high-elevation sagebrush habitat currently exist, and the Stratton area, with its 30+ year history of research and baseline data, was a logical location to restart investigations aimed at answering pertinent and timely questions about sagebrush ecology and sagebrush-obligate species. During the first year of the study, USGS scientists conducted an in-depth literature search to locate publications from research conducted at Stratton. We contacted previous researchers to acquire literature and unpublished reports of work conducted at Stratton. Collated papers and published manuscripts were presented in an annotated bibliography (Burgess and Schoenecker, 2004).</p>\n<p>A second goal was to establish Stratton as a host location for researchers interested in sagebrush ecology investigations. We contacted staff and professors from Colorado State University and Wyoming and Montana universities to notify them of the opportunities at Stratton. Several institutions showed interest in the area and the potential of such a research site. A major advantage of the Stratton site is the ability of BLM to coordinate activities on the land, manipulate grazing in cooperation with permit holders, and direct other activities to accommodate appropriate long-term experimental designs.</p>\n<p>A third goal was to evaluate grazing management after a prescribed burn. The BLM widely uses prescribed burns as a tool for land management and grazing management. In general, BLM policy restricts grazing after a wildfire for two or more years. Some BLM offices allow no grazing after a wildfire or prescribed treatment for at least two years. Conversely, the RFO often allows grazing following a prescribed burn directly after the peak growing season the following year. This procedure is used for two years post-burn, after which grazing management is directed by local&nbsp;conditions and goals. We are investigating this practice to evaluate the effects on plant production and nutrient cycling. The RFO specifically wants to know if there are negative effects from grazing one season after a prescribed burn.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051426","usgsCitation":"Schoenecker, K., Lange, B., and Calton, M., 2005, 2004 annual progress report: Stratton Sagebrush Hydrology Study Area: Establishment of a long-term research site in a high-elevation sagebrush steppe: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1426, iii, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051426.","productDescription":"iii, 10 p.","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192580,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20051426.PNG"},{"id":320239,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1426/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","city":"Stratton","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd491ee4b0b290850eee81","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schoenecker, Kate","contributorId":37834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoenecker","given":"Kate","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lange, Bob","contributorId":69661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lange","given":"Bob","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Calton, Mike","contributorId":39471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calton","given":"Mike","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":72702,"text":"ofr20051195 - 2005 - Regional economic effects of current and proposed management alternatives for Sand Lake National Wildlife Refuge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-09T12:59:14","indexId":"ofr20051195","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1195","title":"Regional economic effects of current and proposed management alternatives for Sand Lake National Wildlife Refuge","docAbstract":"<p>The National Wildlife Refuge System Improvement Act of 1997 requires all units of the National Wildlife Refuge System to be managed under a Comprehensive Conservation Plan (CCP). The CCP must describe the desired future conditions of a Refuge and provide long range guidance and management direction to achieve Refuge purposes. Sand Lake National Wildlife Refuge (NWR), located 27 miles northeast of Aberdeen, South Dakota, is in the process of developing a range of management goals, objectives, and strategies for the CCP. The CCP for Sand Lake NWR must contain an analysis of expected effects associated with current and proposed Refuge management strategies.</p>\n<p>Special interest groups and local residents often criticize a change in Refuge management, especially if there is a perceived negative impact to the local economy. Having objective data on income and employment impacts may show that these economic fears are drastically overstated. Quite often, residents do not realize the extent of economic benefits a Refuge provides to a local community; yet at the same time overestimate the impact of negative changes. Spending associated with Refuge recreational activities such as wildlife viewing and hunting can generate considerable tourism activity for the regional economy. Refuge personnel typically spend considerable amounts of money purchasing supplies in the local lumber and hardware stores, repairing equipment and purchasing fuel at the local service stations, as well as reside and spend their salaries in the community.</p>\n<p>The purpose of this study was to provide the economic analysis needed for the Sand Lake NWR CCP by evaluating the regional economic impacts associated with the Sand Lake NWR Draft CCP management strategies. For Refuge CCP planning, an economic impact analysis describes how current (No Action Alternative) and proposed management activities (alternatives) affect the local economy. This type of analysis provides two critical pieces of information: (1) it illustrates a refuge&rsquo;s contribution to the local community; and (2) it can help in determining whether local economic effects are or are not a real concern in choosing among management alternatives.</p>\n<p>Sand Lake NWR is currently managed to improve and maintain habitat for nesting and resting waterfowl and other migratory birds, such as diving and puddle ducks, geese, grebes, herons, egrets, gulls, and terns. There are three alternatives evaluated in the draft CCP. Alternative 1, the No Action alternative, would continue Refuge management at current levels and would not involve extensive restoration of cropland, grassland, and wetland habitat or improvements to roads, interpretive, and administrative facilities. No new funding or staff levels&nbsp;would occur and programs would follow the same direction, emphasis, and intensity as they do at present. Alternative 2 would maximize the biological potential of the refuge for species of grassland-nesting birds. This would be accomplished through intense management of upland habitat for nesting migratory birds, minimal management for resident species, and minimization of public use that may interfere with migratory bird production. The third alternative takes an integrated approach, with management practices that would serve to maximize the biological potential of Sand Lake for migratory birds.&nbsp;</p>\n<p>This report first provides a description of the local community and economy near the Refuge. An analysis of current and proposed management strategies that could affect the local economy is then presented. The Refuge management activities of economic concern in this analysis are Refuge personnel staffing and Refuge spending within the local community, and spending in the local community by Refuge visitors.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051195","usgsCitation":"Koontz, L., and Lambert, H., 2005, Regional economic effects of current and proposed management alternatives for Sand Lake National Wildlife Refuge: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1195, iii, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051195.","productDescription":"iii, 13 p.","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191551,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20051195.PNG"},{"id":320264,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1195/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Sand Lake National Wildlife Refuge","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c6f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koontz, Lynne koontzl@usgs.gov","contributorId":2174,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koontz","given":"Lynne","email":"koontzl@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":7016,"text":"Environmental Quality Division, National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":285903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lambert, Heather","contributorId":23640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lambert","given":"Heather","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":74333,"text":"ofr20051016 - 2005 - Gulf of Mexico Integrated Science - Tampa Bay Study - Historical and Prehistorical Record of Tampa Bay Environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:36","indexId":"ofr20051016","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1016","title":"Gulf of Mexico Integrated Science - Tampa Bay Study - Historical and Prehistorical Record of Tampa Bay Environments","docAbstract":"To study how Tampa Bay, Florida, has changed over time, the prehistorical conditions and natural variations in the bay environment are being evaluated. These variations can be tracked by examining the sediments that have accumulated in and around the bay. The prehistorical record, which pre-dates settlers' arrival in the Tampa Bay area around 1850, provides a baseline with which to compare and evaluate the magnitude and effects of sea-level, climate, biological, geochemical, and man-made changes. These data also are valuable for planning and conducting projects aimed at restoring wetlands and other estuarine habitats to their original state. In addition, the data provide a basis for judging efforts to improve the health of the bay.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051016","usgsCitation":"Edgar, T., 2005, Gulf of Mexico Integrated Science - Tampa Bay Study - Historical and Prehistorical Record of Tampa Bay Environments: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1016, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051016.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":13261,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dl.cr.usgs.gov/net_prod_download/public/gom_net_pub_products/DOC/OFR_2005-1016_Edgar.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":193294,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.83333333333333,27.5 ], [ -82.83333333333333,28 ], [ -82.33333333333333,28 ], [ -82.33333333333333,27.5 ], [ -82.83333333333333,27.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a226","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edgar, Terry","contributorId":30701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edgar","given":"Terry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":72701,"text":"ofr20051183 - 2005 - Economic importance of elk hunting in Jackson Hole, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-20T11:42:14","indexId":"ofr20051183","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1183","title":"Economic importance of elk hunting in Jackson Hole, Wyoming","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and the National Park Service (NPS) are preparing a management plan for bison and elk inhabiting the National Elk Refuge (NER) and Grand Teton National Park (GTNP). These animals are part of the bison and elk herds in Jackson Hole, one of the largest concentrations of free-ranging bison and elk in the world. A range of alternatives for managing the bison and elk herds in the project area will be developed in an Environmental Impact Statement. The EIS will include an analysis of elk hunting programs related to the NER and GTNP. Management of the Jackson elk herd on the NER and GTNP can impact the number of hunters allowed and hunter harvest ratios on the NER, GTNP, and Bridger Teton National Forest (BTNF).</p>\n<p>To assist the EIS planning effort, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Wyoming Game and Fish Department (WGFD) conducted a survey of elk hunters that hunted within the Jackson elk herd units during the 2001 hunting season. The objective of this survey and analysis was to quantify how much hunters spent in the local and regional economy and the associated economic impacts such as income and employment effects. Spending by elk hunters in the Jackson area generates considerable economic benefits for the local and regional economy. An elk hunter usually buys a wide range of goods and services during a hunting trip. Major expenditure categories include outfitter/guide fees, hunting licenses and supplies, game processing, lodging, food, and gasoline.</p>\n<p>As more hunters come to an area, local businesses will purchase extra labor and supplies to meet the increase in demand for additional services. The income and employment resulting from purchases by hunter at local businesses represent the direct effects of hunter spending within the economy. In order to increase supplies to local businesses, input suppliers must also increase their purchases of inputs from other industries. The income and employment resulting from these secondary purchases by input suppliers are the indirect effects of hunter spending within the local economy. The input supplier&rsquo;s new employees use their incomes to purchase goods and services. The resulting increased economic activity from new employee income is the induced effect associated with hunter spending. The indirect and induced effects are known as the secondary effects. Multipliers capture the size of the secondary effects, usually as a ratio of total effects to direct effects (Stynes, 1998). The sums of the direct and secondary effects describe the total economic impact of hunter spending in the local economy.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051183","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Colorado State University","usgsCitation":"Koontz, L., and Loomis, J., 2005, Economic importance of elk hunting in Jackson Hole, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1183, iii, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051183.","productDescription":"iii, 21 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203853,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20051183.PNG"},{"id":320252,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1183/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","city":"Jackson","otherGeospatial":"Grand Teton National Park, National Elk Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.89050292968749,\n              43.46089378008257\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.89050292968749,\n              43.843441641085036\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.47164916992188,\n              43.843441641085036\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.47164916992188,\n              43.46089378008257\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.89050292968749,\n              43.46089378008257\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625955","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koontz, Lynne koontzl@usgs.gov","contributorId":2174,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koontz","given":"Lynne","email":"koontzl@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":7016,"text":"Environmental Quality Division, National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":285901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loomis, John B.","contributorId":27560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loomis","given":"John B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":72777,"text":"ofr20051391 - 2005 - Quantity, quality, and support for research in the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service: An organizational assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-04T11:24:23","indexId":"ofr20051391","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1391","title":"Quantity, quality, and support for research in the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service: An organizational assessment","docAbstract":"<p>To develop a clearer picture of the nature, extent and quality of management support available for conducting research within the FWS, we completed investigations to identify organizational units within the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) that conduct research as a significant portion of their mission; identify positions in the FWS that include, in whole or in part, a component of scientific research; and assess the attitudes of employees and managers about the obstacles and opportunities for scientific research existing within the FWS.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051391","usgsCitation":"Ratz, J., Ponds, P.D., Neilson, J.R., Liverca, J., and Lamb, B.L., 2005, Quantity, quality, and support for research in the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service: An organizational assessment: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1391, iii, 173 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051391.","productDescription":"iii, 173 p.","numberOfPages":"177","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192840,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20051391.PNG"},{"id":320959,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20051449","text":"Attitudinal survey component of the study Quantity, quality, and support for research in the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service: An organizational assessment: Report of methods and frequencies"},{"id":320266,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1391/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6d5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ratz, Joan M.","contributorId":22739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratz","given":"Joan M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ponds, Phadrea D.","contributorId":65156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponds","given":"Phadrea","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Neilson, Jennifer R.","contributorId":35025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neilson","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Liverca, Joyce","contributorId":89621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liverca","given":"Joyce","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lamb, Berton Lee","contributorId":96784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamb","given":"Berton","email":"","middleInitial":"Lee","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":75763,"text":"ofr20051219 - 2005 - Ultrapotassic mafic dikes and rare earth element- and barium-rich carbonatite at Mountain Pass, Mojave Desert, southern California: Summary and field trip localities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-05T19:26:34.192188","indexId":"ofr20051219","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1219","title":"Ultrapotassic mafic dikes and rare earth element- and barium-rich carbonatite at Mountain Pass, Mojave Desert, southern California: Summary and field trip localities","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051219","usgsCitation":"Haxel, G.B., 2005, Ultrapotassic mafic dikes and rare earth element- and barium-rich carbonatite at Mountain Pass, Mojave Desert, southern California: Summary and field trip localities (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1219, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051219.","productDescription":"30 p.","numberOfPages":"56","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192877,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":415284,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_75827.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":7036,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1219/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Mountain Pass","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -115.58638412846653,\n              35.49491069992811\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.58638412846653,\n              35.441554168657206\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.51508335983794,\n              35.441554168657206\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.51508335983794,\n              35.49491069992811\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.58638412846653,\n              35.49491069992811\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f84e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haxel, Gordon B. gbhaxel@usgs.gov","contributorId":5666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haxel","given":"Gordon","email":"gbhaxel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":72260,"text":"ofr20051221 - 2005 - Grass buffers for playas in agricultural landscapes: An annotated bibliography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-09T11:35:20","indexId":"ofr20051221","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1221","title":"Grass buffers for playas in agricultural landscapes: An annotated bibliography","docAbstract":"<p>This bibliography and associated literature synthesis (Melcher and Skagen, 2005) was developed for the Playa Lakes Joint Venture (PLJV). The PLJV sought compilation and annotation of the literature on grass buffers for protecting playas from runoff containing sediments, nutrients, pesticides, and other contaminants. In addition, PLJV sought information regarding the extent to which buffers may attenuate the precipitation runoff needed to fill playas, and avian use of buffers. We emphasize grass buffers, but we also provide information on other buffer types.</p>\n<p>There are a number of relatively synonymous terms that describe grass buffers for wetlands. They include: buffer strip, vegetated filter strip (VFS), grass buffer, grass filter, grass hedge, and grassed waterway (GW), among others (see McKague and others, 1996). Although some of these terms represent slightly different designs, placements, and/or purposes, they all perform similar functions. In this document, we use &lsquo;buffer&rsquo; and VFS more or less interchangeably; other types are specified by name (e.g., grass hedges).</p>\n<p>Our bibliography is by no means exhaustive, as the body of literature potentially relevant to playas and wetland buffers is vast. Thus, we attempted to include and annotate at least 1&ndash;3 papers by numerous researchers heavily involved in buffer research and modeling. We also included single papers by other researchers to increase the spectrum of regional focus, watershed/wetland conditions, research approaches, researcher expertise, and the time over which buffer theories/practices have evolved. We found virtually no literature specific to buffers for playas (confirmed by D.A. Haukos, oral. commun., 2005); thus, we conducted interviews with playa scientists to glean information on possible buffer design and management specifically for playas. We did, however, find a significant body of literature on the results of controlled experiments designed to test buffer effectiveness, an important first step towards validating buffer effectiveness in real-world situations.</p>\n<p>Of the literature on playa ecology, flora, and wildlife, we found that most focuses on playa basins and wetlands rather than the surrounding uplands and grasslands; furthermore, most of the empirical work on playa ecology has taken place in the Southern High Plains (SHP; i.e., Texas and Oklahoma panhandles, southeastern Colorado, and southwestern Kansas) because many wetlands in other portions of the PLJV region (Fig. 1) were only recently recognized as playas. Finally, we found few papers on avian use of buffers; therefore, we focused on those that report on avian use of Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) fields or lands enrolled in similar programs.</p>\n<p>References on best management practices (BMPs) for agricultural lands were included because certain BMPs are crucial for informing decisions about buffer design/ effectiveness and overall playa ecology. We also included various papers that increase the spectrum of time over which buffer theories and practices have evolved. An unannotated section lists references that we did not prioritize for annotation and references that may be helpful but were beyond the scope of this document. Finally, we provide notes on conversations we had with scientists, land managers, and other buffer experts whom we consulted, and their contact information. We conclude the bibliography with appendices of common and scientific names of birds and plants and acronyms used in both the bibliography. In the annotations, italicized text signifies our own editorial remarks. Readers should also note that much of the work on buffers has been designed using English units of measure rather than metrics; in most cases, their results have been converted to metrics for publication, explaining the seemingly odd or irregular buffer widths and other parameters reported.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051221","usgsCitation":"Melcher, C.P., and Skagen, S.K., 2005, Grass buffers for playas in agricultural landscapes: An annotated bibliography (Revised and reprinted 2005): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1221, iv, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051221.","productDescription":"iv, 46 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192532,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20051221.PNG"},{"id":321048,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20051220","text":"Grass buffers for playas in agricultural landscapes: A literature synthesis"},{"id":320248,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1221/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"Revised and reprinted 2005","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a2afb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Melcher, Cynthia P. 0000-0002-8044-9689 melcherc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8044-9689","contributorId":5094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melcher","given":"Cynthia","email":"melcherc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":285286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Skagen, Susan K. 0000-0002-6744-1244 skagens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6744-1244","contributorId":2009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skagen","given":"Susan","email":"skagens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":285285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":73043,"text":"ofr20051449 - 2005 - Attitudinal survey component of the study <i>Quantity, quality, and support for research in the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service: An organizational assessment</i>: Report of methods and frequencies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-25T15:31:49","indexId":"ofr20051449","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1449","title":"Attitudinal survey component of the study <i>Quantity, quality, and support for research in the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service: An organizational assessment</i>: Report of methods and frequencies","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) is responsible for managing the Nation&rsquo;s fish and wildlife resources so that these trust resources are preserved for the present and future use and enjoyment of the citizens of the United States. The FWS achieves this mission by managing many programs. These include the national system of refuges and fish hatcheries, Fish and Wildlife Management Assistance Offices, migratory birds program, law enforcement, and working with tribal, state, and other Federal agencies to ensure protection of threatened and endangered species. Another role of the FWS is consulting with tribal, state, and other Federal agencies and private sector interests on the best conservation management practices consistent with Federal law. Each of these activities requires a workforce that is recognized for its professionalism, dedication to public service, and command of expert knowledge. Recognition for expert knowledge in fish and wildlife conservation is demonstrated, in part, when FWS personnel direct, conduct, or report research that is well-designed to answer questions of importance for natural resource management. The data reported in this document are one part of a three-part study of the status of organizational support for research in FWS, which was commissioned by the Directorate of the FWS. Funding for this study was provided by the FWS, and the Science Support Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).</p>\n<p>In 1994, the biological research functions of the FWS were transferred to the National Biological Survey, and subsequently into the USGS. This transfer was principally accomplished by moving whole research units from one agency to another. The result was that some employees whose positions were involved with research were not transferred. In addition, some research, information, and management needs of the FWS have continued to be met by studies conducted within the FWS itself. Although the FWS relies on the USGS and others for most basic research investigations, the FWS also conducts its own studies to meet management needs. Because it is vital for FWS employees to be able to conduct such tactical and applied research tasks in a timely manner, the agency must promote the culture necessary to support and encourage these activities. Such research activities are spread widely across the various programs of the FWS, and there is presently no collective, formal, or systematic record of planned or existing research activities. In commissioning this organizational assessment research, the Directorate of the FWS recognized that it would be to the advantage of the agency to more fully understand its research capacity.</p>\n<p>To develop a clearer picture of the nature, extent, quality, and degree of administrative support available for conducting research within the FWS, investigations have been undertaken to:</p>\n<p>1. identify positions in the FWS that may include, in whole or in part, a component of scientific research;</p>\n<p>2. identify organizational units within the FWS that may conduct research as a significant portion of their mission; and</p>\n<p>3. assess the attitudes of employees and managers about the obstacles and opportunities for scientific research existing within the FWS by using a scaled-response survey instrument.</p>\n<p>The findings presented in this report represent the basic results derived from the attitude assessment survey conducted in the last quarter of 2004. The findings set forth in this report are the frequency distributions for each question in the survey instrument for all respondents. The only statistics provided are descriptive in character - namely, means and associated standard deviations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051449","usgsCitation":"Neilson, J.R., Lamb, B.L., Swann, E.M., Ratz, J., Ponds, P.D., and Liverca, J., 2005, Attitudinal survey component of the study <i>Quantity, quality, and support for research in the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service: An organizational assessment</i>: Report of methods and frequencies: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1449, iv, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051449.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p.","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193032,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20051449.PNG"},{"id":320235,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1449/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db669381","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neilson, Jennifer R.","contributorId":35025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neilson","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lamb, Berton Lee","contributorId":96784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamb","given":"Berton","email":"","middleInitial":"Lee","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swann, Earlene M.","contributorId":9360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swann","given":"Earlene","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ratz, Joan ratzj@usgs.gov","contributorId":4318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratz","given":"Joan","email":"ratzj@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":286282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ponds, Phadrea D.","contributorId":65156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponds","given":"Phadrea","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Liverca, Joyce","contributorId":89621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liverca","given":"Joyce","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":74923,"text":"ofr20051334 - 2005 - Flow patterns and current structure at the USS Arizona Memorial: April, 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-23T19:11:49.497545","indexId":"ofr20051334","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1334","title":"Flow patterns and current structure at the USS Arizona Memorial: April, 2005","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051334","usgsCitation":"Storlazzi, C., Russell, M.A., Presto, M., and Burbank, J.E., 2005, Flow patterns and current structure at the USS Arizona Memorial: April, 2005 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1334, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051334.","productDescription":"24 p.","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":192562,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":414645,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_73986.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":7607,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1334/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"USS Arizona Memorial","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -157.95056978747425,\n              21.365328938273976\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.95056978747425,\n              21.364318041936684\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.9492498552573,\n              21.364318041936684\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.9492498552573,\n              21.365328938273976\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.95056978747425,\n              21.365328938273976\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6aee7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":77889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Russell, Matthew A.","contributorId":74814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Russell","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Presto, M. Katherine","contributorId":30192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Presto","given":"M. Katherine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burbank, Jennifer E.","contributorId":45017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burbank","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":74343,"text":"ofr20051017 - 2005 - Gulf of Mexico Integrated Science - Tampa Bay Study: Examining the Impact of Urbanization on Seafloor Habitats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:36","indexId":"ofr20051017","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1017","title":"Gulf of Mexico Integrated Science - Tampa Bay Study: Examining the Impact of Urbanization on Seafloor Habitats","docAbstract":"Seafloor habitats, such as seagrass beds, provide essential habitat for fish and marine mammals. For many years, the study of seagrass vitality has been a priority for scientists and resource managers working in Tampa Bay. Seafloor habitats are extremely sensitive to changes in water quality. Like a canary in a coal mine, seagrass can serve as an ecological indicator of estuary health. Between the 1940s and the 1970s, seagrass gradually died in Tampa Bay. This loss has been attributed to a rise in urbanization and an increase in nutrient loading into the bay. Better treatment of industrial wastewater and runoff beginning in the 1980s resulted in the continuous recovery of seagrass beds. However, in the mid-1990s, the recovery began to level off in areas where good water quality was expected to support continued seagrass recovery, demonstrating\r\nthat nutrient loading may be only one factor impacting seagrass health. Researchers now are trying to determine what might be affecting the recovery of seagrass in these areas. Currently, little is understood about the effects that other aspects of urbanization and natural change, such as groundwater and sediment quality, might have on seagrass vitality. This segment of the Tampa Bay integrated science study is intended to identify, quantify, and develop models that illustrate the impact that urbanization may have on seafloor habitat distribution, health, and restoration.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051017","usgsCitation":"Yates, K., 2005, Gulf of Mexico Integrated Science - Tampa Bay Study: Examining the Impact of Urbanization on Seafloor Habitats: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1017, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051017.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193249,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11812,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dl.cr.usgs.gov/net_prod_download/public/gom_net_pub_products/DOC/OFR_2005-1017_Yates_ecosys.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.83333333333333,27.5 ], [ -82.83333333333333,28 ], [ -82.33333333333333,28 ], [ -82.33333333333333,27.5 ], [ -82.83333333333333,27.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a279","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yates, Kimberly","contributorId":70427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yates","given":"Kimberly","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":72490,"text":"ofr20051353 - 2005 - User manual for Blossom statistical package for R","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-22T10:50:30","indexId":"ofr20051353","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1353","title":"User manual for Blossom statistical package for R","docAbstract":"Blossom is an R package with functions for making statistical comparisons with distance-function based permutation tests developed by P.W. Mielke, Jr. and colleagues at Colorado State University (Mielke and Berry, 2001) and for testing parameters estimated in linear models with permutation procedures developed by B. S. Cade and colleagues at the Fort Collins Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey. This manual is intended to provide identical documentation of the statistical methods and interpretations as the manual by Cade and Richards (2005) does for the original Fortran program, but with changes made with respect to command inputs and outputs to reflect the new implementation as a package for R (R Development Core Team, 2012). This implementation in R has allowed for numerous improvements not supported by the Cade and Richards (2005) Fortran implementation, including use of categorical predictor variables in most routines.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051353","usgsCitation":"Talbert, M., and Cade, B.S., 2005, User manual for Blossom statistical package for R (Originally posted 2005; Revised August 8, 2013): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1353, Pamphlet: iv, 81 p.; Comprehensive R Archive Network; Blossom Fortran Version for Windows: 124 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051353.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iv, 81 p.; Comprehensive R Archive Network; Blossom Fortran Version for Windows: 124 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276257,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20051353.jpg"},{"id":13839,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1353/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":276254,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1353/pdf/OF2005-1353.pdf"},{"id":276255,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://lib.stat.cmu.edu/R/CRAN/"},{"id":276256,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1353/pdf/BlossomFortranVersionOF2005-1353.pdf"}],"edition":"Originally posted 2005; Revised August 8, 2013","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db6040ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Talbert, Marian mtalbert@usgs.gov","contributorId":5180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbert","given":"Marian","email":"mtalbert@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":477,"text":"North Central Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":285732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cade, Brian S. 0000-0001-9623-9849 cadeb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9623-9849","contributorId":1278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cade","given":"Brian","email":"cadeb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":285731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":76777,"text":"ofr20051420 - 2005 - Visitor and community survey results for Kilauea Point National Wildlife Refuge and Lighthouse: Completion report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-25T15:03:17","indexId":"ofr20051420","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1420","title":"Visitor and community survey results for Kilauea Point National Wildlife Refuge and Lighthouse: Completion report","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and the Central Federal Lands Highway Division of the Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation are currently pursuing the planning and potential design of an alternative transportation system (ATS) for Kilauea Point National Wildlife Refuge (Refuge or Kilauea Point NWR). The USFWS and CFLHD seek an alternative transportation solution that provides the highest quality visitor experience and is sensitive to biological and cultural resources and the needs of the local community. In planning the alternative transportation system, managers need to consider how an ATS would change factors such as visitor access, visitor experience, visitor willingness to pay, and visitor net economic benefits. The Policy Analysis and Science Assistance branch (PASA) at the U.S. Geological Survey Fort Collins Science Center is dedicated to studying relations between humans and the environment. The objective of PASA is to conduct studies to understand how humans are affected by environmental management decisions and how human activities impact use and conservation of natural resources.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051420","usgsCitation":"Sexton, N., Gillette, S.C., Koontz, L., Stewart, S., Loomis, J., and Wundrock, K.D., 2005, Visitor and community survey results for Kilauea Point National Wildlife Refuge and Lighthouse: Completion report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1420, vi, 221 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051420.","productDescription":"vi, 221 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192492,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20051420.PNG"},{"id":320277,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1420/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Point National Wildlife Refuge and Lighthouse","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2fe4b07f02db615cbe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sexton, Natalie","contributorId":103320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sexton","given":"Natalie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gillette, Shana C.","contributorId":9346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillette","given":"Shana","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koontz, Lynne koontzl@usgs.gov","contributorId":2174,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koontz","given":"Lynne","email":"koontzl@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":7016,"text":"Environmental Quality Division, National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":287877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stewart, Susan C.","contributorId":48257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Susan C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Loomis, John","contributorId":60746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loomis","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wundrock, Katherine D.","contributorId":29083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wundrock","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":72271,"text":"ofr20051316 - 2005 - Annual report for 2004 wild horse research and field activities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-09T11:20:20","indexId":"ofr20051316","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1316","title":"Annual report for 2004 wild horse research and field activities","docAbstract":"<p>The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and U.S. Geological Survey-Biological Resources Discipline (USGS/BRD) continued wild horse research in 2004, investigating the strategic research elements of fertility control and population estimation. Fertility control research was focused on the individual-based porcine zonae pellucid (PZP) field trials at the Pryor Mountain Wild Horse Range (WHR), Little Rock Cliffs WHR, and McCullough Peaks Wild Horse Management Area (WHMA). Aerial population estimation research was conducted on a number of western wild horse herds to test different survey techniques as applied to various habitat types and population sizes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051316","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Ransom, J., Singer, F., Zeigenfuss, L., and Coates-Markle, L., 2005, Annual report for 2004 wild horse research and field activities (Revised and reprinted 2005): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1316, v, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051316.","productDescription":"v, 19 p.","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193146,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20051316.PNG"},{"id":320236,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1316/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"Revised and reprinted 2005","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67b8f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ransom, Jason","contributorId":15703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ransom","given":"Jason","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Singer, Francis J.","contributorId":65528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"Francis J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zeigenfuss, Linda","contributorId":27155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zeigenfuss","given":"Linda","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coates-Markle, Linda","contributorId":169203,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coates-Markle","given":"Linda","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7217,"text":"Bureau of Land Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":628929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":73033,"text":"ofr20051408 - 2005 - Public acceptance of management actions and judgments of responsibility for the wolves of the southern Greater Yellowstone Area: Report to Grand Teton National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-04T15:40:52","indexId":"ofr20051408","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1408","title":"Public acceptance of management actions and judgments of responsibility for the wolves of the southern Greater Yellowstone Area: Report to Grand Teton National Park","docAbstract":"<p>Introduction Wolves of Grand Teton National Park and the Greater Yellowstone Area Gray wolves (Canis lupus) appeared in Grand Teton National Park (GRTE) in October of 1998, two years after being reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park (YNP). Since that time, five packs have been within the GRTE borders - Gros Ventre Pack, Nez Perce Pack, Yellowstone Delta Pack, Teton Pack, and Green River Pack (Table 1). Wolves in the Greater Yellowstone Area are increasing and spreading out geographically (USFWS and others, 2004). This dispersion was demonstrated recently by the death of a 2-year-old female wolf from the Swan Lake pack on I-70 in Colorado (June 7, 2004; http://mountain-prairie.USFWS.gov/pressrel /04-43.htm). The organization of wolf packs in the GYA is dynamic and highly structured. In 2003, for example, a wolf from the Teton Pack joined with the Green River Pack, and several young wolves left the Teton Pack and moved south (USFWS and others, 2004). Pack size (averaging five to ten members) is dependent on hunting efficiency, which depends on prey size, type, and density. Each pack defends home ranges of several hundred square miles. The social structure of the pack is based on a breeding pair (an alpha male and female). Other wolves in the pack can be categorized as betas (males and/or females second in rank to the alphas), subordinates, pups, and occasional omegas (outcasts). Because generally only the alpha pair breeds, subordinate wolves of reproductive age must disperse from their packs and form new associations in order to breed. (http://www.nps.gov/grte/wolf/biolo.htm). The reintroduced wolves are classified by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) as \"nonessential experimental\" under section 10(j) of the Endangered Species Act. The recovery criteria for the GYA wolves were met in 2002 for removing the wolves from the Endangered Species List (30 or more breeding pairs). Currently, the USFWS manages wolf populations in the GYA until delisting occurs. After delisting, state Fish and Wildlife Services in Montana, Idaho, and Wyoming will be responsible for managing wolves. Each state must submit a wolf management plan to the USFWS which then must be approved before management shifts occur. As of this writing, the process of delisting the wolves in the state of Wyoming is ongoing. However, the reclassification of wolves nationwide was completed on April 1, 2003. Wolves outside of YNP changed in status from endangered to threatened. The wolves classified in the experimental nonessential population did not change in status (USFWS and others, 2004). This classification of experimental nonessential population allows for flexibility in management decisions concerning the wolves (Smith and others, 2004). For example, control actions in the GYA included trapping and radio-collaring four wolves; intensive monitoring; increasing riders on grazing allotments; harassing wolves with rubber bullets, cracker shells, and lights; moving livestock to different pastures; and issuing four shoot on-sight permits. When non-lethal control methods were not effective, wolves were killed in an attempt to prevent further livestock depredations (USFWS and others, 2004; Table 1). At the same time that wolf numbers are rising, human population statistics in the GRTE area are also rising. The population of Teton County, Wyoming in 1990 was just over 11,000 people; today that number has increased to approximately 19,000 (U.S. Census Bureau, 2005). park visitation for GRTE has been substantial over the last several years with an average visitation of 2.5 million visitors (NPS, 2004a). Furthermore, land ownership surrounding GRTE and the establishment of grazing rights within park boundaries are problem areas for wolf-human interactions due to livestock depredation. With increasing numbers of visitors, residents, and livestock it is reasonable to assume that conflicts are going to increase also. In 1950, GRTE was expanded to in</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051408","usgsCitation":"Taylor, J.G., Johnson, S.S., and Shelby, L.B., 2005, Public acceptance of management actions and judgments of responsibility for the wolves of the southern Greater Yellowstone Area: Report to Grand Teton National Park: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1408, v, 79 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051408.","productDescription":"v, 79 p.","numberOfPages":"85","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191663,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20051408.PNG"},{"id":320254,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1408/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a91e4b07f02db656754","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, Jonathan G.","contributorId":37378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, S. Shea","contributorId":93122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Shea","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shelby, Lori B.","contributorId":30303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelby","given":"Lori","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":72259,"text":"ofr20051224 - 2005 - Analyzing stakeholder preferences for managing elk and bison at the National Elk Refuge and Grand Teton National Park: An example of the disparate stakeholder management approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-25T15:39:55","indexId":"ofr20051224","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1224","title":"Analyzing stakeholder preferences for managing elk and bison at the National Elk Refuge and Grand Teton National Park: An example of the disparate stakeholder management approach","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and the National Park Service (NPS) are preparing a management plan for bison and elk inhabiting the National Elk Refuge (NER) and Grand Teton National Park (GTNP) near Jackson Hole, Wyoming. A management plan is needed to evaluate current and possible changes to habitat management, disease management, winter feeding and hunting programs related to the NER and GTNP. In order to make good decisions, managers need to incorporate the opinions and values of the involved stakeholders as well as understand the complex institutional constraints and opportunities that influence the decision making process. Federal, state, local, private and public stakeholders have diverse values and preferences about how to use and manage resources, and underlying institutional factors give certain stakeholders more influence over the outcome. How stakeholders use their influence can greatly affect the time, effort and costs of the decision making process. The overall result will depend both on the stakeholder&rsquo;s relative power and level of conviction for their preferences.</p>\n<p>Many programs and tools have been developed by different disciplines to facilitate group negotiation and decision making. Three examples are relevant here. First, decision analysis models such as the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) are commonly used to prioritize the goals and objectives of stakeholders&rsquo; preferences for resource planning by formally structuring conflicts and assisting decision makers in developing a compromised solution (Forman, 1998). Second, institutional models such as the Legal Institutional Analysis Model (LIAM) have been used to describe the organizational rules of behavior and the institutional boundaries constraining management decisions (Lamb and others, 1998). Finally, public choice models have been used to predict the potential success of rent-seeking activity (spending additional time and money to exert political pressure) to change the political rules (Becker, 1983). While these tools have been successful at addressing various pieces of the natural resource decision making process, their use in isolation is not enough to fully depict the complexities of the physical and biological systems with the rules and constraints of the underlying economic and political systems. An approach is needed that combines natural sciences, economics, and politics.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051224","usgsCitation":"Koontz, L., and Hoag, D.L., 2005, Analyzing stakeholder preferences for managing elk and bison at the National Elk Refuge and Grand Teton National Park: An example of the disparate stakeholder management approach: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1224, v, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051224.","productDescription":"v, 50 p.","numberOfPages":"55","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192531,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20051224.PNG"},{"id":320237,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1224/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Grand Teton National Park, National Elk Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.0223388671875,\n              43.48780125691884\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.0223388671875,\n              44.081666311450526\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.47714233398436,\n              44.081666311450526\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.47714233398436,\n              43.48780125691884\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.0223388671875,\n              43.48780125691884\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c38b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koontz, Lynne koontzl@usgs.gov","contributorId":2174,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koontz","given":"Lynne","email":"koontzl@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":7016,"text":"Environmental Quality Division, National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":285283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoag, Dana L.","contributorId":40294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoag","given":"Dana","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":79559,"text":"ofr20051349 - 2005 - Public access management as an adaptive wildlife management tool","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-09T12:34:38","indexId":"ofr20051349","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1349","title":"Public access management as an adaptive wildlife management tool","docAbstract":"<p>Wildlife populations across the United States are benefiting from improved wildlife management techniques. However, these benefits also create new challenges including overpopulation, disease, increased winter kill, and forage degradation. These issues have become the challenges for natural resource managers and landowners. Specifically, elk (Cervus elaphus) populations in the Gunnison River Valley of Colorado are growing and causing increased resource damage on public and private lands. On public lands elk threaten sage grouse habitat and compete with domestic livestock for available forage; on private lands they diminish available livestock forage. Management of elk and elk habitat in this area is a shared responsibility of the NPS (Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park and Curecanti National Recreation Area), BLM (Uncompahgre Field Office), USFS (Gunnison National Forest), and the CDOW (Colorado Division of Wildlife). All of these agencies participate in this research and adaptive management project.</p>\n<p>One key issue in the Black Mesa &ndash; Black Canyon area is the interaction between motorized vehicles and. The working hypothesis for this study is that early season elk movement onto private lands and the National Park is precipitated by increased use of Off Highway Vehicles (OHV&rsquo;s). Data on intensity of motorized use is extremely limited. In this study, we monitor intensity of motorized vehicle and trail use on elk movements and habitat usage and analyze interactions. If management agencies decide to alter accessibility, we will monitor wildlife responses to changes in the human-use regime. This provides a unique opportunity for adaptive management experimentation based on coordinated research and monitoring. The products from this project will provide natural resource managers across the nation with tools and information to better meet these resource challenges.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051349","usgsCitation":"Ouren, D.S., and Watts, R.D., 2005, Public access management as an adaptive wildlife management tool: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1349, iii, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051349.","productDescription":"iii, 10 p.","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192547,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20051349.PNG"},{"id":320253,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1349/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a90e4b07f02db655f21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ouren, Douglas S. ourend@usgs.gov","contributorId":1931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ouren","given":"Douglas","email":"ourend@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":290232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watts, Raymond D.","contributorId":105713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watts","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":73403,"text":"ofr20051399 - 2005 - Visitor survey results for the Souris River Loop National Wildlife Refuges: Completion report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-04T15:52:54","indexId":"ofr20051399","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1399","title":"Visitor survey results for the Souris River Loop National Wildlife Refuges: Completion report","docAbstract":"<p>In support of the CCP planning effort for the Souris River Loop Refuges, the Policy Analysis and Science Assistance Branch/Fort Collins Science Center (PASA) of the U.S. Geological Survey conducted visitor surveys at three refuges in North Dakota: Des Lacs, J. Clark Salyer, and Upper Souris National Wildlife Refuges. This research was conducted in order to assess visitor experience, perceptions, and preferences and visitor spending related to recreation on these public lands. This baseline information and input is needed by the refuges to inform their CCP process. Specifically, this survey research assesses the characteristics of visitors and their trips, the activities in which visitors engage while on the refuge, details regarding their trip experience, as well as their preferences and attitudes about various management features, including existing and future conditions.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051399","usgsCitation":"Sexton, N.R., Koontz, L., and Stewart, S., 2005, Visitor survey results for the Souris River Loop National Wildlife Refuges: Completion report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1399, 170 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051399.","productDescription":"170 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192554,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20051399.PNG"},{"id":320275,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1399/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Souris River Loop National Wildlife Refuges","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdb8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sexton, Natalie R.","contributorId":82750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sexton","given":"Natalie","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koontz, Lynne koontzl@usgs.gov","contributorId":2174,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koontz","given":"Lynne","email":"koontzl@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":7016,"text":"Environmental Quality Division, National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":286399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stewart, Susan C.","contributorId":48257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Susan C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":73383,"text":"ofr20051415 - 2005 - Regional economic effects of current and proposed management alternatives for Arrowwood National Wildlife Refuge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-04T11:17:43","indexId":"ofr20051415","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1415","title":"Regional economic effects of current and proposed management alternatives for Arrowwood National Wildlife Refuge","docAbstract":"<p>The National Wildlife Refuge System Improvement Act of 1997 requires all units of the National Wildlife Refuge System to be managed under a Comprehensive Conservation Plan (CCP). The CCP must describe the desired future conditions of a Refuge and provide long range guidance and management direction to achieve Refuge purposes. Arrowwood National Wildlife Refuge (NWR), located along the James River in east central North Dakota, is in the process of developing a range of management goals, objectives, and strategies for the CCP. The CCP for Arrowwood NWR must contain an analysis of expected effects associated with current and proposed Refuge management strategies.</p>\n<p>Special interest groups and local residents often criticize a change in Refuge management, especially if there is a perceived negative impact to the local economy. Having objective data on income and employment impacts may show that these economic fears are overstated. Quite often, residents do not realize the extent of economic benefits a Refuge provides to a local community, yet at the same time overestimate the impact of negative changes. Spending associated with Refuge recreational activities such as wildlife viewing and hunting can generate considerable tourism activity for the regional economy. Additionally, Refuge personnel typically spend considerable amounts of money purchasing supplies in the local lumber and hardware stores, repairing equipment and purchasing fuel at the local service stations, as well as reside and spend their salaries in the local community.</p>\n<p>The purpose of this study was to provide the economic analysis needed for the Arrowwood NWR CCP by evaluating the regional economic impacts associated with the Arrowwood NWR Draft CCP management strategies. For Refuge CCP planning, an economic impact analysis describes how current (No Action Alternative) and proposed management activities (alternatives) affect the local economy. This type of analysis provides two critical pieces of information: 1) it illustrates a refuge&rsquo;s contribution to the local community; and 2) it can help in determining whether local economic effects are or are not a real concern in choosing among management alternatives. Refuge personnel provided the information needed to analyze the economic impacts of the three alternatives evaluated in the draft CCP.</p>\n<p>This report first provides a description of the local community and economy near the Refuge. An analysis of current and proposed management strategies that could affect the local economy is then presented. The Refuge management activities of economic concern in this analysis are Refuge personnel staffing and Refuge spending within the local community, and spending in the local community by Refuge visitors.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051415","usgsCitation":"Koontz, L., and Lambert, H., 2005, Regional economic effects of current and proposed management alternatives for Arrowwood National Wildlife Refuge: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1415, iii, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051415.","productDescription":"iii, 16 p.","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193322,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20051415.PNG"},{"id":320265,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1415/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Arrowwood National Wildlife Refuge","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689ec1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koontz, Lynne koontzl@usgs.gov","contributorId":2174,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koontz","given":"Lynne","email":"koontzl@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":7016,"text":"Environmental Quality Division, National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":286393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lambert, Heather","contributorId":23640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lambert","given":"Heather","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":50813,"text":"ofr0382 - 2005 - Evaluating water management strategies with the Systems Impact Assessment Model: SIAM version 4","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-24T10:22:29","indexId":"ofr0382","displayToPublicDate":"2003-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-82","title":"Evaluating water management strategies with the Systems Impact Assessment Model: SIAM version 4","docAbstract":"<p>Water from many of California's coastal rivers has been used for a wide variety of development ventures, including major agricultural diversions, hydropower generation, and contaminant assimilation from industry, agriculture and logging. Anthropogenic impacts often degrade water quality and decrease the quantity and quality of aquatic habitat. Reallocating streamflow away from uses that degrade water quality to uses that foster higher water quality is a critical step in restoring riverine habitat and the anadromous fish that rely on that habitat for a portion of their life cycle. Reallocation always brings with it the need to examine the economic efficiency of the proposed changes. If the dollar benefits of improving water quality are greater than the costs, the criterion of improving economic efficiency is satisfied, a fact that can be highly persuasive to decision makers contemplating reallocation.</p>\n<p>Previous related studies have examined nonmarket benefits of the Trinity River in northern California (Douglas and Taylor, 1998; Douglas and Taylor, 1999abc) but nothing of this kind had been done on the Klamath River, another system with numerous uses for and competition over water in times of drought. An economic survey is nearing completion for the mid- to lower Klamath River, including the Scott, Shasta, and Salmon Rivers, but excluding the Trinity River. This survey provides valuable insights about the magnitude of the benefits and nature of the costs of reallocating water from market uses to instream flows that improve water quality and assist in the recovery of Klamath River fish stocks.</p>\n<p>Preliminary survey results (Douglas and Johnson, 2002; Douglas and Sleeper, In Prep.) indicate that about 234,000 California, Oregon, and Nevada households made recreation trips to the Klamath River Basin 1997-1998 and that these users spent about $372 million on trip related expenditures. Clearly the prosperity of the region is closely linked to the demand for mid- and lower Klamath River Basin recreation trips. Further, respondents indicated that they would make roughly 36% more recreational trips per annum to the Klamath if the water quality and the fishery were restored to an unspoiled condition. Using two distinct types of survey data, these additional trips would yield benefits with a present value of approximately $9.6 billion (at a discount rate of 7.5%).</p>\n<p>Calculating costs to restore the fishery and raise water quality involved five major hypothetical restoration activities: (1) purchasing Klamath project farmland and environmentally&nbsp;sensitive forest lands, (2) allocating more water down the Trinity River to enhance the quantity and quality of Klamath flows below the confluence, (3) removing four mainstem dams along the Klamath River and losing their associated hydropower production, (4) eliminating all harvest of Klamath-Trinity fish stocks for a 12-year period including the acquisition of fishing rights from both tribal and commercial marine fishermen, and (5) operating all Klamath-Trinity fish hatcheries to restore self-reproducing stocks. In total, restoration costs were estimated to be about $1.7 to $2.3 billion. If the assumptions used in this study are valid, it is clear that the benefits ($9.6B) outweigh the costs of restoring water quality and the fishery.&nbsp;</p>\n<p>The apparent disparity between restoration benefits and costs for the Klamath River may suggest to some that water resources on the Klamath be reallocated to environmentally friendly nonmarket uses. The economic analysis rests in part on the information made available to the survey designers by the biological, hydrologic, and water quality data incorporated in The System Impact Assessment Model (SIAM). It is our hope that SIAM can be used to improve the river's water quality and fishery, and strengthen the important regional economy.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr0382","usgsCitation":"Bartholow, J.M., Heasley, J., Hanna, B., Sandelin, J., Flug, M., Campbell, S., Henriksen, J., and Douglas, A., 2005, Evaluating water management strategies with the Systems Impact Assessment Model: SIAM version 4 (Revised October 2005, supersedes SIAM v.3): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-82, xvi, 122 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0382.","productDescription":"xvi, 122 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":176996,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr0382.PNG"},{"id":320251,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0082/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"Revised October 2005, supersedes SIAM v.3","publicComments":"Supersedes OFR 2003-82 SIAM version 3.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fb04f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartholow, John M.","contributorId":77598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholow","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heasley, John","contributorId":57004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heasley","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hanna, Blair","contributorId":38013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanna","given":"Blair","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sandelin, Jeff","contributorId":78681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandelin","given":"Jeff","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Flug, Marshall","contributorId":56404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flug","given":"Marshall","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Campbell, Sharon","contributorId":55273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Sharon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Henriksen, Jim","contributorId":23638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henriksen","given":"Jim","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Douglas, Aaron","contributorId":7968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"Aaron","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":23007,"text":"ofr00221 - 2005 - Bibliography of literature pertaining to Long Valley Caldera and associated volcanic fields","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":23007,"text":"ofr00221 - 2005 - Bibliography of literature pertaining to Long Valley Caldera and associated volcanic fields","indexId":"ofr00221","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"title":"Bibliography of literature pertaining to Long Valley Caldera and associated volcanic fields"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":9001417,"text":"ofr20101320 - 2011 - Bibliography of literature pertaining to Long Valley Caldera and associated volcanic fields","indexId":"ofr20101320","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"title":"Bibliography of literature pertaining to Long Valley Caldera and associated volcanic fields"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":9001417,"text":"ofr20101320 - 2011 - Bibliography of literature pertaining to Long Valley Caldera and associated volcanic fields","indexId":"ofr20101320","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"title":"Bibliography of literature pertaining to Long Valley Caldera and associated volcanic fields"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:52","indexId":"ofr00221","displayToPublicDate":"2000-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-221","title":"Bibliography of literature pertaining to Long Valley Caldera and associated volcanic fields","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"USGS Cascades Volcano Observatory,","doi":"10.3133/ofr00221","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Ewert, J.W., Harpel, C.J., and Brooks, S.K., 2005, Bibliography of literature pertaining to Long Valley Caldera and associated volcanic fields (Version 1.1): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-221, 156 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00221.","productDescription":"156 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154709,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1443,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/of00-221/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db62813b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ewert, John W. 0000-0003-2819-4057 jwewert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2819-4057","contributorId":642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ewert","given":"John","email":"jwewert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":189270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harpel, Christopher J. 0000-0001-8587-7845 charpel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8587-7845","contributorId":4457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harpel","given":"Christopher","email":"charpel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":189271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brooks, Suzanna K.","contributorId":77183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Suzanna","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":50710,"text":"ofr2002429 - 2005 - Acoustic Flow Monitor System - User Manual","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:12","indexId":"ofr2002429","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-429","title":"Acoustic Flow Monitor System - User Manual","docAbstract":"INTRODUCTION\r\n\r\nThe Acoustic Flow Monitor (AFM) is a portable system that was designed by the U.S. Geological Survey Cascades Volcano Observatory to detect and monitor debris flows associated with volcanoes. It has been successfully used internationally as part of real-time warning systems in valleys threatened by such flows (Brantley, 1990; Marcial and others, 1996; Lavigne and others, 2000). The AFM system has also been proven to be an effective tool for monitoring some non-volcanic debris flows.\r\n\r\nThis manual is intended to serve as a basic guide for the installation, testing, and maintenance of AFM systems. An overview of how the system works, as well as instructions for installation and guidelines for testing, is included. Interpretation of data is not covered in this manual; rather, the user should refer to the references provided for published examples of AFM data.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr2002429","usgsCitation":"LaHusen, R., 2005, Acoustic Flow Monitor System - User Manual: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-429, vi, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2002429.","productDescription":"vi, 16 p.","costCenters":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":176517,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10030,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Projects/AFM/Publications/OFR02-429/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db698172","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LaHusen, Richard","contributorId":97558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaHusen","given":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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