{"pageNumber":"2130","pageRowStart":"53225","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184660,"records":[{"id":97220,"text":"ofr20081380 - 2008 - Geologic Maps and Cross Sections of the Tuba City Open Dump Site and Vicinity, With Implications for the Occurrence and Flow of Ground Water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:29","indexId":"ofr20081380","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1380","title":"Geologic Maps and Cross Sections of the Tuba City Open Dump Site and Vicinity, With Implications for the Occurrence and Flow of Ground Water","docAbstract":"This report is designed to make available to interested parties geologic and limited hydrologic and geochemical information about the Tuba City Open Dump (TCOD) site. This information has been gathered during studies of the site from January to September 2008. Mapping by the authors and construction of cross sections show that a section of gently northeast-dipping Jurassic sedimentary rocks underlies the TCOD and vicinity. Low mesas in the area are capped by variably cemented gravels and siliceous limestones. Surficial sediments are composed of eolian sand and fluvially reworked eolian sand that overlie bedrock underneath the TCOD. Nearby Pasture Canyon is underlain by fluvial and floodplain sediment consisting of sand and silt. Shallow ground water of the water-table aquifer at the TCOD moves westward through the surficial sediment and the underlying weathered bedrock to Pasture Canyon then southward along the canyon. A fracture zone extends up the wash that passes just to the north of the TCOD and brings deeper ground water of the N-aquifer to the water-table aquifer.\r\n\r\nBedrock consists of the Jurassic Navajo Sandstone composed of thick sections of eolian crossbedded sandstone with lesser laterally discontinuous layers of silty sandstone, siltstone, and limestone. Below the Navajo Sandstone is a section informally known as the Kayenta Formation-Navajo Sandstone transition zone. It is composed of calcareous sandstone, silty sandstone, siltstone, and limestone beds that intertongue with crossbedded sandstone. The finer grained rocks in both major bedrock units form aquitards that limit downward movement of ground water. The water-table aquifer is perched on these aquitards, which locally occurs beneath the two open dumps that form the TCOD site. A monocline occupies the position of Pasture Canyon west of the TCOD. Fractures likely related to the monocline are exposed in several localities.\r\n\r\nDeep ground waters consist of dilute calcium-bicarbonate waters low in all trace elements. Shallow ground water is variably affected by near-surface processes, which add varying amounts of sodium, chloride, sulfate, and trace elements. Locally, human influences, such as the TCOD, affect shallow ground-water chemistry.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081380","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs, Hopi Tribe, and the Navajo Nation","usgsCitation":"Otton, J.K., Johnson, R.H., and Horton, R., 2008, Geologic Maps and Cross Sections of the Tuba City Open Dump Site and Vicinity, With Implications for the Occurrence and Flow of Ground Water: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1380, iv, 78 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081380.","productDescription":"iv, 78 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195276,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12269,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1380/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a83eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Otton, James K. jkotton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otton","given":"James","email":"jkotton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Ray H.","contributorId":41920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Ray","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Horton, Robert 0000-0001-5578-3733 rhorton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5578-3733","contributorId":612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"Robert","email":"rhorton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97216,"text":"sir20085140 - 2008 - Hydrologic investigations concerning lead mining issues in southeastern Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-20T20:59:36.543717","indexId":"sir20085140","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5140","title":"Hydrologic investigations concerning lead mining issues in southeastern Missouri","docAbstract":"

Good stewardship of our Nation's natural resources demands that the extraction of exploitable, minable ore deposits be conducted in harmony with the protection of the environment, a dilemma faced by many land and water management agencies in the Nation's mining areas. As ore is mined, milled, and sent to the smelter, it leaves footprints where it has been in the form of residual trace metals. Often these footprints become remnants that can be detrimental to other natural resources. This emphasizes the importance of understanding the earth's complex physical and biological processes and their interactions at increasingly smaller scales because subtle changes in one component can substantially affect others. Understanding these changes and resulting effects requires an integrated, multidisciplinary scientific approach.

As ore reserves are depleted in one area, additional exploitable deposits are required to replace them, and at times these new deposits are discovered in previously unmined areas. Informed decisions concerning resource management in these new, proposed mining areas require an understanding of the potential consequences of the planned mining actions. This understanding is usually based on knowledge that has been accumulated from studying previously mined areas with similar geohydrologic and biologic conditions. If the two areas experience similar mining practices, the information should be transferable.

Lead and zinc mining along the Viburnum Trend Subdistrict of southeastern Missouri has occurred for more than 40 years. Additional potentially exploitable deposits have been discovered 30 miles to the south, within the Mark Twain National Forest. It is anticipated that the observation of current (2008) geohydrologic conditions in the Viburnum Trend can provide insight to land managers that will help reasonably anticipate the potential mining effects should additional mining occur in the exploration area.

The purpose of this report is to present a compilation of previously unpublished information that was collected as part of a larger multidisciplinary study of lead mining issues in southeastern Missouri. The report resulted from the application of a multidisciplinary approach to investigate current hydrologic and biologic conditions in streams of the Viburnum Trend and the exploration area in the Mark Twain National Forest.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geology and Land Survey","usgsCitation":"Seeger, C.M., Kleeschulte, M.J., Lee, L., Krizanich, G.W., Femmer, S.R., and Schumacher, J., 2008, Hydrologic investigations concerning lead mining issues in southeastern Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5140, viii, 240 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085140.","productDescription":"viii, 240 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":420986,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86280.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195247,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12202,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5140/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.5,36.5 ], [ -92.5,38.5 ], [ -89,38.5 ], [ -89,36.5 ], [ -92.5,36.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2de4b07f02db614268","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Kleeschulte, Michael J.","contributorId":75891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleeschulte","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742783,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Seeger, Cheryl M.","contributorId":196835,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seeger","given":"Cheryl","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kleeschulte, Michael J.","contributorId":75891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleeschulte","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, Lopaka","contributorId":83167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Lopaka","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":742786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krizanich, Gary W.","contributorId":98390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krizanich","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Femmer, Suzanne R. sfemmer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Femmer","given":"Suzanne","email":"sfemmer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":742788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schumacher, John G. jschu@usgs.gov","contributorId":2055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schumacher","given":"John G.","email":"jschu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":742789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":97217,"text":"sir20085214 - 2008 - 2006 volcanic activity in Alaska, Kamchatka, and the Kurile Islands: Summary of events and response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-10T20:29:35.557784","indexId":"sir20085214","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5214","title":"2006 volcanic activity in Alaska, Kamchatka, and the Kurile Islands: Summary of events and response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory","docAbstract":"The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) responded to eruptions, possible eruptions, and volcanic unrest at or near nine separate volcanic centers in Alaska during 2006. A significant explosive eruption at Augustine Volcano in Cook Inlet marked the first eruption within several hundred kilometers of principal population centers in Alaska since 1992. Glaciated Fourpeaked Mountain, a volcano thought to have been inactive in the Holocene, produced a phreatic eruption in the fall of 2006 and continued to emit copious amounts of volcanic gas into 2007. AVO staff also participated in hazard communication and monitoring of multiple eruptions at seven volcanoes in Russia as part of its collaborative role in the Kamchatka and Sakhalin Volcanic Eruption Response Teams.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085214","usgsCitation":"Neal, C., McGimsey, R.G., Dixon, J.P., Manevich, A., and Rybin, A., 2008, 2006 volcanic activity in Alaska, Kamchatka, and the Kurile Islands: Summary of events and response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5214, viii, 102 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085214.","productDescription":"viii, 102 p.","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":12266,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5214/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":122390,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2008_5214.jpg"},{"id":395807,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86289.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -179.9,\n 47.5\n ],\n [\n -142,\n 47.5\n ],\n [\n -142,\n 62\n ],\n [\n -179.9,\n 62\n ],\n [\n -179.9,\n 47.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd491fe4b0b290850eee91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neal, Christina A. 0000-0002-7697-7825","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7697-7825","contributorId":82660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neal","given":"Christina A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGimsey, Robert G. 0000-0001-5379-7779 mcgimsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5379-7779","contributorId":2352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGimsey","given":"Robert","email":"mcgimsey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dixon, James P. 0000-0002-8478-9971 jpdixon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8478-9971","contributorId":3163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"James","email":"jpdixon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Manevich, Alexander","contributorId":65946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manevich","given":"Alexander","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rybin, Alexander","contributorId":65187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rybin","given":"Alexander","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":97215,"text":"ofr20081367 - 2008 - Assessment of the Mowry Shale and Niobrara Formation as Continuous Hydrocarbon Systems, Powder River Basin, Montana and Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:50","indexId":"ofr20081367","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1367","title":"Assessment of the Mowry Shale and Niobrara Formation as Continuous Hydrocarbon Systems, Powder River Basin, Montana and Wyoming","docAbstract":"A recent U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) oil and gas assessment of the Powder River Basin , Wyoming and Montana, identified the Upper Cretaceous Mowry Shale and Niobrara Formation as the primary hydrocarbon sources for Cretaceous conventional and unconventional reservoirs. Cumulative Mowry-sourced petroleum production is about 1.2 BBO (billion barrels of oil) and 2.2 TCFG (trillion cubic feet of gas) and cumulative Niobrara-sourced oil production is about 520 MMBO (million barrels of oil) and 0.95 TCFG. Burial history modeling indicated that hydrocarbon generation for both formations started at about 0.60 percent Ro at depths of about 8,000 ft. At maximum depths, Ro for the Mowry is about 1.2 to 1.3 percent and about 0.80 percent for the Niobrara. \r\n\r\nThe Mowry and Niobrara continuous reservoirs were assessed using a cell-based methodology that utilized production data. The size of each cell was based on geologic controls and potential drainage areas in analog fields. Current and historical production data were used to determine the estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) distribution for untested cells. Only production data from unconventional fractured shale reservoirs with vertical wells were used. For the Mowry, the minimum, median, and maximum total recovery volumes per cell for untested cells are (1) 0.002, 0.25, and 0.35 MMBO, respectively; and for the Niobrara (2) 0.002, 0.028, and 0.5 MMBO. Sweet spots were identified by lineaments and faults, which are believed to be areas having the greatest petroleum potential; an upper limit of 8,000 ft depth was defined by overpressuring caused by hydrocarbon generation. Mean estimates of technically recoverable undiscovered continuous resource for the Mowry are 198 MMBO, 198 BCF (billion cubic feet of gas), and 11.9 MMBNGL (million barrels of natural gas liquid), and those for the Niobrara are 227 MMBO, 227 BCFG, and 13.6 MMBNGL.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081367","usgsCitation":"Anna, L.O., and Cook, T.A., 2008, Assessment of the Mowry Shale and Niobrara Formation as Continuous Hydrocarbon Systems, Powder River Basin, Montana and Wyoming (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1367, Poster: 85 x 36 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081367.","productDescription":"Poster: 85 x 36 inches","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195010,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12198,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1367/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109,42 ], [ -109,47 ], [ -103,47 ], [ -103,42 ], [ -109,42 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db668099","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anna, Lawrence O.","contributorId":107318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anna","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cook, Troy A.","contributorId":52519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"Troy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97212,"text":"sim3032 - 2008 - Historical Ground-Water Development in the Salinas Alluvial Fan Area, Salinas, Puerto Rico, 1900-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:26","indexId":"sim3032","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3032","title":"Historical Ground-Water Development in the Salinas Alluvial Fan Area, Salinas, Puerto Rico, 1900-2005","docAbstract":"The Salinas alluvial fan area has historically been one of the most intensively used agricultural areas in the South Coastal Plain of Puerto Rico. Changes in agricultural practices and land use in the Salinas alluvial fan have also caused changes in the geographic distribution of ground-water withdrawals from the alluvial aquifer. As a result, the ground-water balance and ground-water flow pattern have changed throughout the years and may explain the presence of saline ground water along parts of the coast at present. By providing a reconstruction of historical ground-water development in the Salinas alluvial fan area, from the initial years of aquifer development at about 1900 to the most recent conditions existing in 2005, water resources managers and planners can use the results of the analysis for a more complete understanding of aquifer conditions especially pertaining to water quality. This study effort was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources as a contribution in the management of the Jobos Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve. \r\n\r\nThe study area encompasses about 20 mi2 (square miles) of the extensive South Coastal Plain alluvial aquifer system (fig. 1). The study area is bounded to the north by foothills of the Cordillera Central mountain chain, to the south by the Caribbean Sea, and to the east and west by the Rio Nigua de Salinas and the Quebrada Aguas Verdes, respectively. Fan-delta and alluvial deposits contain the principal aquifers in the study area.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim3032","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources","usgsCitation":"Rodriguez, J.M., and Gómez-Gómez, F., 2008, Historical Ground-Water Development in the Salinas Alluvial Fan Area, Salinas, Puerto Rico, 1900-2005: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3032, Map Sheet: 33.5 x 25.5 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3032.","productDescription":"Map Sheet: 33.5 x 25.5 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1900-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110804,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86295.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"86295"},{"id":195469,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12196,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3032/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -66.31666666666666,17.933333333333334 ], [ -66.31666666666666,18 ], [ -66.21666666666667,18 ], [ -66.21666666666667,17.933333333333334 ], [ -66.31666666666666,17.933333333333334 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62bfb6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodriguez, Jose M. 0000-0002-4430-9929 jmrod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4430-9929","contributorId":1318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Jose","email":"jmrod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gómez-Gómez, Fernando","contributorId":31366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gómez-Gómez","given":"Fernando","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97214,"text":"sim3026 - 2008 - Geologic Map of the Helen Planitia Quadrangle (V-52), Venus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-28T14:34:44","indexId":"sim3026","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3026","title":"Geologic Map of the Helen Planitia Quadrangle (V-52), Venus","docAbstract":"The Magellan spacecraft orbited Venus from August 10, 1990, until it plunged into the Venusian atmosphere on October 12, 1994. Magellan Mission objectives included (1) improving the knowledge of the geological processes, surface properties, and geologic history of Venus by analysis of surface radar characteristics, topography, and morphology and (2) improving the knowledge of the geophysics of Venus by analysis of Venusian gravity. \r\n\r\nThe Helen Planitia quadrangle (V-52), located in the southern hemisphere of Venus between lat 25 deg S. and 50 deg S. and between long 240 deg E. and 270 deg E., covers approximately 8,000,000 km2. Regionally, the map area is located at the southern limit of an area of enhanced tectonomagmatic activity and extensional deformation, marked by a triangle that has highland apexes at Beta, Atla, and Themis Regiones (BAT anomaly) and is connected by the large extensional belts of Devana, Hecate, and Parga Chasmata. The BAT anomaly covers approximately 20 percent of the Venusian surface.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim3026","isbn":"9781411322196","collaboration":"Prepared for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration","usgsCitation":"Lopez, I., and Hansen, V.L., 2008, Geologic Map of the Helen Planitia Quadrangle (V-52), Venus (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3026, Report: ii, 22 p.; Plate: 56 x 35.5 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3026.","productDescription":"Report: ii, 22 p.; Plate: 56 x 35.5 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198055,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12272,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3026/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"0","projection":"Lambert","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683b43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lopez, Ivan","contributorId":9374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lopez","given":"Ivan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansen, Vicki L.","contributorId":101238,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hansen","given":"Vicki","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6915,"text":"University of Minnesota - Duluth","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":301388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97211,"text":"sim3030 - 2008 - Potentiometric surface of the upper and lower aquifers of the North Coast Limestone aquifer system and hydrologic conditions in the Arecibo-Manatí area, Puerto Rico, November 27-December 1, 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-13T18:58:19.015476","indexId":"sim3030","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3030","title":"Potentiometric surface of the upper and lower aquifers of the North Coast Limestone aquifer system and hydrologic conditions in the Arecibo-Manatí area, Puerto Rico, November 27-December 1, 2006","docAbstract":"A ground-water level synoptic survey of the limestone aquifer in the Arecibo to Manati area, Puerto Rico, was conducted from November 27 through December 1, 2006 by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources. The purpose of the study was to define the spatial distribution of the potentiometric surface of the upper and lower aquifers of the North Coast limestone aquifer system. A potentiometric surface is defined as an areal representation of the levels to which water would rise in tightly cased wells open to an aquifer (Fetter, 1988). These potentiometric surface maps can be used by water-resources planners to understand the general direction of ground-water flow and to evaluate ground-water conditions for water supply and resource protection. The study was conducted during a period of rising ground-water levels resulting from above-normal rainfall during October and November 2006 when rainfall amount was about 30 percent above normal. The study area encompassed 125 square miles and was bounded to the north by the Atlantic Ocean, to the south by the southern extension of the limestone units, to the west by the Rio Grande de Arecibo, and to the east by the Rio Grande de Manati (pls. 1 and 2; inset).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim3030","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources","usgsCitation":"Rodriguez, J.M., and Gómez-Gómez, F., 2008, Potentiometric surface of the upper and lower aquifers of the North Coast Limestone aquifer system and hydrologic conditions in the Arecibo-Manatí area, Puerto Rico, November 27-December 1, 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3030, 2 Plates: 29.00 x 21.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3030.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 29.00 x 21.00 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-11-27","temporalEnd":"2006-12-01","costCenters":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110803,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86294.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"86294"},{"id":12195,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3030/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":196395,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Arecibo-Manati area, Puerto Rico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -66.75,18.333333333333332 ], [ -66.75,18.5 ], [ -66.46666666666667,18.5 ], [ -66.46666666666667,18.333333333333332 ], [ -66.75,18.333333333333332 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b150d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodriguez, Jose M. 0000-0002-4430-9929 jmrod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4430-9929","contributorId":1318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Jose","email":"jmrod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gómez-Gómez, Fernando","contributorId":31366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gómez-Gómez","given":"Fernando","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97210,"text":"ofr20081324 - 2008 - Ground-water, surface-water, and water-chemistry data, Black Mesa area, northeastern Arizona— 2006-07","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-20T20:13:52.611617","indexId":"ofr20081324","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1324","title":"Ground-water, surface-water, and water-chemistry data, Black Mesa area, northeastern Arizona— 2006-07","docAbstract":"The N aquifer is the major source of water in the 5,400 square-mile Black Mesa area in northeastern Arizona. Availability of water is an important issue in northeastern Arizona because of continued water requirements for industrial and municipal use and the needs of a growing population. Precipitation in the Black Mesa area is typically about 6 to 14 inches per year. \r\n\r\nThe water-monitoring program in the Black Mesa area began in 1971 and is designed to provide information about the long-term effects of ground-water withdrawals from the N aquifer for industrial and municipal uses. This report presents results of data collected for the monitoring program in the Black Mesa area from January 2006 to September 2007. The monitoring program includes measurements of (1) ground-water withdrawals, (2) ground-water levels, (3) spring discharge, (4) surface-water discharge, and (5) ground-water chemistry. Periodic testing of ground-water withdrawal meters is completed every 4 to 5 years. \r\n\r\nThe Navajo Tribal Utility Authority (NTUA) yearly totals for the ground-water metered withdrawal data were unavailable in 2006 due to an up-grade within the NTUA computer network. Because NTUA data is often combined with Bureau of Indian Affairs data for the total withdrawals in a well system, withdrawals will not be published in this year's annual report. \r\n\r\nFrom 2006 to 2007, annually measured water levels in the Black Mesa area declined in 3 of 11 wells measured in the unconfined areas of the N aquifer, and the median change was 0.0 feet. Measurements indicated that water levels declined in 8 of 17 wells measured in the confined area of the aquifer. The median change for the confined area of the aquifer was 0.2 feet. From the prestress period (prior to 1965) to 2007, the median water-level change for 30 wells was -11.1 feet. Median water-level changes were 2.9 feet for 11 wells measured in the unconfined areas and -40.2 feet for 19 wells measured in the confined area. \r\n\r\nSpring flow was measured once in 2006 and once in 2007 at Moenkopi School Spring. Flow decreased by 18.9 percent at Moenkopi School Spring. During the period of record, flow fluctuated, and a decreasing trend was apparent. \r\n\r\nContinuous records of surface-water discharge in the Black Mesa area have been collected from streamflow gages at the following sites: Moenkopi Wash at Moenkopi (1976 to 2006), Dinnebito Wash near Sand Springs (1993 to 2006), Polacca Wash near Second Mesa (1994 to 2006), and Pasture Canyon Springs (August 2004 to December 2006). Median flows during November, December, January, and February of each water year were used as an index of the amount of ground-water discharge to the above named sites. For the period of record at each streamflow-gaging station, the median winter flows have generally remained even, showing neither a significant increase nor decrease in flows. There is not a long enough period of record for Pasture Canyon Spring for a trend to be apparent. \r\n\r\nIn 2007, water samples were collected from 1 well and 1 spring in the Black Mesa area and were analyzed for selected chemical constituents. Concentrations of dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate have varied at Peabody well 5 for the period of record, and there is an apparent increasing trend. Dissolved-solids, chloride, and sulfate concentrations increased at Moenkopi School Spring during the more than 12 years of record.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081324","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Indian Affairs and the Arizona Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Truini, M., and Macy, J.P., 2008, Ground-water, surface-water, and water-chemistry data, Black Mesa area, northeastern Arizona— 2006-07 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1324, iv, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081324.","productDescription":"iv, 33 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":388256,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86288.htm"},{"id":194988,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12193,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1324/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Black Mesa area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.5,35.5 ], [ -111.5,37 ], [ -109.5,37 ], [ -109.5,35.5 ], [ -111.5,35.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d4d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Truini, Margot mtruini@usgs.gov","contributorId":599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Truini","given":"Margot","email":"mtruini@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Macy, J. P.","contributorId":41913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macy","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97213,"text":"sim3006 - 2008 - Thermal Maturity Patterns (CAI and %Ro) in Upper Ordovician and Devonian Rocks of the Appalachian Basin: A Major Revision of USGS Map I-917-E Using New Subsurface Collections","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:50","indexId":"sim3006","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3006","title":"Thermal Maturity Patterns (CAI and %Ro) in Upper Ordovician and Devonian Rocks of the Appalachian Basin: A Major Revision of USGS Map I-917-E Using New Subsurface Collections","docAbstract":"The conodont color alteration index (CAI) introduced by Epstein and others (1977) and Harris and others (1978) is an important criterion for estimating the thermal maturity of Ordovician to Mississippian rocks in the Appalachian basin. Consequently, the CAI isograd maps of Harris and others (1978) are commonly used by geologists to characterize the thermal and burial history of the Appalachian basin and to better understand the origin and distribution of oil and gas resources in the basin. The main objectives of our report are to present new CAI isograd maps for Ordovician and Devonian rocks in the Appalachian basin and to interpret the geologic and petroleum resource implications of these maps. The CAI isograd maps presented herein complement, and in some areas replace, the CAI-based isograd maps of Harris and others (1978) for the Appalachian basin. The CAI data presented in this report were derived almost entirely from subsurface samples, whereas the CAI data used by Harris and others (1978) were derived almost entirely from outcrop samples. Because of the different sampling methods, there is little geographic overlap of the two data sets. The new data set is mostly from the Allegheny Plateau structural province and most of the data set of Harris and others (1978) is from the Valley and Ridge structural province, east of the Allegheny structural front.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim3006","isbn":"9781411321359","usgsCitation":"Repetski, J.E., Ryder, R., Weary, D.J., Harris, A.G., and Trippi, M.H., 2008, Thermal Maturity Patterns (CAI and %Ro) in Upper Ordovician and Devonian Rocks of the Appalachian Basin: A Major Revision of USGS Map I-917-E Using New Subsurface Collections (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3006, Available online and on CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3006.","productDescription":"Available online and on CD-ROM","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195014,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12619,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3006/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88,36 ], [ -88,46 ], [ -73,46 ], [ -73,36 ], [ -88,36 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db698158","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Repetski, John E. 0000-0002-2298-7120 jrepetski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2298-7120","contributorId":2596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Repetski","given":"John","email":"jrepetski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ryder, Robert T.","contributorId":77918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryder","given":"Robert T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weary, David J. 0000-0002-6115-6397 dweary@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6115-6397","contributorId":545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weary","given":"David","email":"dweary@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harris, Anita G.","contributorId":50162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"Anita","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Trippi, Michael H. 0000-0002-1398-3427 mtrippi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1398-3427","contributorId":941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trippi","given":"Michael","email":"mtrippi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":97209,"text":"sir20085223 - 2008 - Evaluation of floodplain modifications to reduce the effect of floods using a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the Flint River at Albany, Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-14T21:57:50.485022","indexId":"sir20085223","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5223","title":"Evaluation of floodplain modifications to reduce the effect of floods using a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the Flint River at Albany, Georgia","docAbstract":"

Potential flow characteristics of future flooding along a 4.8-mile reach of the Flint River in Albany, Georgia, were simulated using recent digital-elevation-model data and the U.S. Geological Survey finite-element surface-water modeling system for two-dimensional flow in the horizontal plane (FESWMS-2DH). The model was run at four water-surface altitudes at the Flint River at Albany streamgage (02352500): 181.5-foot (ft) altitude with a flow of 61,100 cubic feet per second (ft3/s), 184.5-ft altitude with a flow of 75,400 ft3/s, 187.5-ft altitude with a flow of 91,700 ft3/s, and 192.5-ft altitude with a flow of 123,000 ft3/s. The model was run to measure changes in inundated areas and water-surface altitudes for eight scenarios of possible modifications to the 4.8-mile reach on the Flint River. The eight scenarios include removing a human-made peninsula located downstream from Oglethorpe Boulevard, increasing the opening under the Oakridge Drive bridge, adding culverts to the east Oakridge Drive bridge approach, adding culverts to the east and west Oakridge Drive bridge approaches, adding an overflow across the oxbow north of Oakridge Drive, making the overflow into a channel, removing the Oakridge Drive bridge, and adding a combination of an oxbow overflow and culverts on both Oakridge Drive bridge approaches. The modeled inundation and water-surface altitude changes were mapped for use in evaluating the river modifications. The most effective scenario at reducing inundated area was the combination scenario. At the 187.5-ft altitude, the inundated area decreased from 4.24 square miles to 4.00 square miles. The remove-peninsula scenario was the least effective with a reduction in inundated area of less than 0.01 square miles. In all scenarios, the inundated area reduction increased with water-surface altitude, peaking at the 187.5-ft altitude. The inundated area reduction then decreased at the gage altitude of 192.5 ft.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085223","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Albany, Georgia, and Dougherty County, Georgia","usgsCitation":"Musser, J.W., 2008, Evaluation of floodplain modifications to reduce the effect of floods using a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the Flint River at Albany, Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5223, viii, 78 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085223.","productDescription":"viii, 78 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":423591,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_96512.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":12191,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5223/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195427,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","city":"Albany","otherGeospatial":"Flint River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.1833,\n 31.6072\n ],\n [\n -84.1833,\n 31.5375\n ],\n [\n -84.1231,\n 31.5375\n ],\n [\n -84.1231,\n 31.6072\n ],\n [\n -84.1833,\n 31.6072\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a10e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Musser, Jonathan W. 0000-0002-3543-0807 jwmusser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3543-0807","contributorId":2266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Musser","given":"Jonathan","email":"jwmusser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97207,"text":"ofr20081330 - 2008 - Biological communities and geomorphology of patch reefs in Biscayne National Park, Florida, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-07T17:13:25.841522","indexId":"ofr20081330","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1330","title":"Biological communities and geomorphology of patch reefs in Biscayne National Park, Florida, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Coral reef ecosystem management benefits from continual, quantitative assessment of the resources being managed, plus assessment of factors that affect distribution patterns of organisms in the ecosystem. In this study, we investigated the relationships among physical, benthic, and fish variables in effort to help explain the distribution patterns of ecologically and economically important species on twelve patch reefs within Biscayne National Park (BNP), Florida, U.S.A. We visited 196 randomly-located sampling stations across twelve shallow (< 10m) patch reefs, using SCUBA to conduct our surveys. We measured physical variables (e.g., substratum type), estimated the percent cover of benthic community members (e.g., coral, algae), and counted and estimated mean size for each fish species observed. We also used high-density bathymetric data collected remotely via airborne laser surveying (Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL)) to calculate rugosity (bumpiness) of the reef habitat. Here we present our findings visually by graphing our quantitative community and physical structure data simultaneously in a GIS map format. You will see that biological organisms arrange themselves on each patch reef in a non-random manner. For example, many species of fish prefer to locate themselves in areas of the reef where the rugosity index is high. Rugose parts of the reef provide them with good hiding places from predators.\r\n\r\nThese maps (and the data used to create them) are permanent records of the status of reef resources found on these twelve patch reefs in BNP as of September, 2003. The survey data found in the shapefile located on this CD product includes benthic percent cover data for algae, coral, encrusting invertebrates, and substratum type, in addition to gorgonian abundance and volume, total fish abundance and species richness, and specific counts for Acanthurids (surgeonfish), Scarids (parrotfish), Lutjanids (snappers), Haemulids (grunts), Serranids (groupers), and Pomacentrids (damselfish).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081330","usgsCitation":"Kuffner, I.B., Brock, J., Grober-Dunsmore, R., Hickey, T.D., Bonito, V., Bracone, J.E., and Wright, C.W., 2008, Biological communities and geomorphology of patch reefs in Biscayne National Park, Florida, U.S.A.: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1330, HTML Document; CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081330.","productDescription":"HTML Document; CD-ROM","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":423305,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_96829.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":198102,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12189,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1330/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Biscayne National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.1611,\n 25.4611\n ],\n [\n -80.1611,\n 25.3472\n ],\n [\n -80.0217,\n 25.3472\n ],\n [\n -80.0217,\n 25.4611\n ],\n [\n -80.1611,\n 25.4611\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a48e4b07f02db62365e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuffner, Ilsa B. 0000-0001-8804-7847 ikuffner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8804-7847","contributorId":3105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuffner","given":"Ilsa","email":"ikuffner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brock, John 0000-0002-5289-9332 jbrock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5289-9332","contributorId":2261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"John","email":"jbrock@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grober-Dunsmore, Rikki","contributorId":71292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grober-Dunsmore","given":"Rikki","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hickey, T. Don","contributorId":49066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickey","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"Don","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bonito, Victor","contributorId":88057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonito","given":"Victor","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bracone, Jeremy E.","contributorId":16944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bracone","given":"Jeremy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wright, C. Wayne wwright@usgs.gov","contributorId":57422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"C.","email":"wwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Wayne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":97206,"text":"ofr20081373 - 2008 - Monitoring Inland Storm Surge and Flooding From Hurricane Gustav in Louisiana, September 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:27","indexId":"ofr20081373","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1373","title":"Monitoring Inland Storm Surge and Flooding From Hurricane Gustav in Louisiana, September 2008","docAbstract":"On August 29-31, 2008, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) deployed a mobile monitoring network consisting of 124 pressure transducers (sensors) (figs. 1, 2) at 80 sites over an area of about 4,200 square miles to record the timing, extent, and magnitude of inland hurricane storm surge and coastal flooding generated by Hurricane Gustav, which made landfall in southeastern Louisiana on September 1. One-hundred twenty-one sensors from 61 sites (fig. 3) were recovered. Thirty-seven sites from which sensors were recovered were in the New Orleans area, and the remaining 24 sites were distributed throughout southeastern Louisiana. Sites were categorized as surge (21), riverine flooding (18), anthropogenic (affected by the operation of gates or pumps) (17), or mixed/uncertain on the basis of field observations and the appearance of the water-level data (5).","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081373","usgsCitation":"McGee, B.D., Goree, B.B., Tollett, R.W., and Mason, 2008, Monitoring Inland Storm Surge and Flooding From Hurricane Gustav in Louisiana, September 2008 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1373, Zip File, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081373.","productDescription":"Zip File","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-08-29","temporalEnd":"2008-08-31","costCenters":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":12188,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1373/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195125,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.5,28.5 ], [ -92.5,30.5 ], [ -89,30.5 ], [ -89,28.5 ], [ -92.5,28.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db6991ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGee, Benton D. bdmcgee@usgs.gov","contributorId":2899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGee","given":"Benton","email":"bdmcgee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goree, Burl B. 0000-0003-3278-0403 bbgoree@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3278-0403","contributorId":3508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goree","given":"Burl","email":"bbgoree@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tollett, Roland W. 0000-0002-4726-5845 rtollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4726-5845","contributorId":1896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tollett","given":"Roland","email":"rtollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mason, Jr. 0000-0002-3998-3468 rrmason@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3998-3468","contributorId":2090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rrmason@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":97208,"text":"sir20085067 - 2008 - Davis Pond freshwater prediversion biomonitoring study: freshwater fisheries and eagles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T15:50:24","indexId":"sir20085067","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5067","title":" Davis Pond freshwater prediversion biomonitoring study: freshwater fisheries and eagles","docAbstract":"

In January 2001, the construction of the Davis Pond freshwater diversion structure was completed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The diversion of freshwater from the Mississippi River is intended to mitigate saltwater intrusion from the Gulf of Mexico and to lessen the concomitant loss of wetland areas. In addition to the freshwater inflow, Barataria Bay basin would receive nutrients, increased flows of sediments, and water-borne and sediment-bound compounds. The purpose of this biomonitoring study was, therefore, to serve as a baseline for prediversion concentrations of selected contaminants in bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) nestlings (hereafter referred to as eaglets), representative freshwater fish, and bivalves. Samples were collected from January through June 2001. Two similarly designed postdiversion studies, as described in the biological monitoring program, are planned.

Active bald eagle nests targeted for sampling eaglet blood (n = 6) were generally located southwest and south of the diversion structure. The designated sites for aquatic animal sampling were at Lake Salvador, at Lake Cataouatche, at Bayou Couba, and along the Mississippi River. Aquatic animals representative of eagle prey were collected. Fish were from three different trophic levels and have varying feeding strategies and life histories. These included herbivorous striped mullet (Mugil cephalus), omnivorous blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus), and carnivorous largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Three individuals per species were collected at each of the four sampling sites. Freshwater Atlantic rangia clams (Rangia cuneata) were collected at the downstream marsh sites, and zebra mussels (Dreissena spp.) were collected on the Mississippi River.

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Biomonitoring of Environmental Status and Trends (BEST) protocols served as guides for fish sampling and health assessments. Fish are useful for monitoring aquatic ecosystems because they accumulate pesticides and other contaminants. Biomarker data on individual fish, generated at the USGS National Wetlands Research Center (Lafayette, La.), included percent white blood cells in whole blood, spleen weight to body weight ratio, liver weight to body weight ratio, condition factor, splenic macrophage aggregates, and liver microsomal 7-ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (EROD) activity. Fish age was estimated by comparing total lengths with values from the same species in the Southeast United States as determined from the literature. Contaminant analyses were coordinated by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Analytical Control Facility (Laurel, Md.), where residues of organochlorine (OC) pesticides, total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), aliphatic hydrocarbons (AHs), and trace elements were determined. The organic contaminant data were generated at the Mississippi State University Chemical Lab (Mississippi State, Miss.), and the inorganic contaminant data were generated by the Texas A&M University Geochemical and Environmental Research Group (College Station, Tex.). Statistical tests were performed to assess relationships among contaminants, fish age, fish species, and collection sites.

Trends in interspecific differences among fish in concentrations of contaminants were noted. Striped mullet (hereafter mullet) frequently displayed the highest chemical concentrations. Levels of contaminants were generally higher in samples obtained from the Mississippi River than in those collected from the diversion area and were higher in mussels and clams (hereafter bivalves) than in fish. Because the Mississippi River sampling site for mullet and largemouth bass was downriver of the structure and south of New Orleans and the catfish site was upriver, the downriver data may not be directly reflective of the results from the receiving waters at the Davis Pond structure. Compared to the Caernarvon freshwater prediversion study in 1990 that assessed possible influx of contaminants with the freshwater diversion, contaminant levels in fishes and bivalves in this study were generally lower, yet three nontoxic inorganic elements in Davis Pond fish samples exhibited ranges of concentrations that were more than two times higher than did those from Caernarvon. Levels in bivalves were different between diversions but about equal in the numbers of trace elements showing high levels per location. Contaminant values were compared to those listed in various literature and agency sources, both regional and national, including the National Contaminant Biomonitoring Program (NCBP), in which the 85th percentile and above represents what is considered to be an elevated contaminant concentration and cause for concern. 

Generally, bivalves were at the high end of their ranges for both organic and inorganic contaminants. In this study, OCs were detectable in 67 percent of fish from the Mississippi River site, ranging from 0.15 to 1.09 μg/g wet weight (ww) or fresh weight (fw), and in 11 percent of the fish from the marsh sites, ranging from 0.06 to 0.612 μg/g ww. Bivalves from the Mississippi River had OC levels of 0.096 μg/g ww, whereas none were detectable in bivalves at the marsh sites. In this study, p,p’-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p’-DDE) (a biodegradation product of DDT [dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane]) and total PCBs were the most frequently detected OCs and were primarily from the Mississippi River. For total OC content, using adjusted least squares means, some significant interactions were noted between fish species and sites. PAHs were detected in aquatic animals at all sites (range of 0.017–17.534 μg/g ww), as were AHs (range of 0.423–4.549 μg/g ww); the highest levels of PAHs and AHs were found in bivalves from the Mississippi River. When analysis of variance (α = 0.05) was performed with data from aquatic animals, there were only two significant relationships between PAHs, AHs, and OCs between species, site, and age or the interaction among these variables. There was an interaction between fish species and n-decane (an AH) in that mullet and largemouth bass had significantly higher levels than did catfish (P= 0.0175).

When general linear means were used to investigate associations of inorganic contaminants among fish species, site, and age or any interactions among these variables, no significant results were noted for arsenic, cadmium, lead, beryllium, boron, molybdenum, or nickel. The range of mercury in fish in this study was 0.04–0.14 μg/g ww (0.14– 0.48 μg/g dry weight [dw]), with the most elevated levels detected in predatory largemouth bass at the sampling point farthest downstream from the structure and within the marsh area. Mercury was positively correlated with fish age (P= 0.0152), where levels were estimated to increase 0.0253 parts per million (ppm) dw per year. In the Mississippi River, catfish showed significantly higher levels of mercury than did mullet or largemouth bass (P= 0.00167).

Among fish species, mullet displayed the highest levels in fish of aluminum, barium, manganese, and iron, all considered to have low toxicity in hydrologic systems. An interaction between fish and site was seen with aluminum (P= 0.0031), where concentrations in mullet were significantly higher in the Mississippi River than at the other sites, as was also seen with barium (P= 0.0009), chromium (P= <0.0001), manganese (P= 0.0004), strontium (P= 0.0074), vanadium (P= 0.0156), and zinc (P= 0.0059). For iron (P= 0.0.0001), mullet and largemouth bass at both the Mississippi River and Lake Salvador showed higher levels than did catfish, and these two species showed higher levels at two of the four sites. An interaction between fish and site was also seen with chromium (P= <0.0001) in that concentrations in mullet were significantly higher in the Mississippi River than at the other sites, as was also seen with strontium (P= 0.0074), vanadium (P= 0.0156), and zinc (P= 0.0059), metals for which deleterious effects have been demonstrated in other ecosystems. The NCBP program lists the 85th percentile for zinc at 34.2 μg/g fw (117.9 μg/g dw). In the Davis Pond prediversion biomonitoring study (hereafter the current study), one fish (MUL31RIVER, fish ID 8) showed values higher than that (125.4 μg/g dw or 37.54 μg/g ww), and the Mississippi River bivalve sample (MUSSRIVER) had a value of 140 μg/g dw (41.2 μg/g ww).

In the current study, approximately 86 percent of the fish had measurable selenium levels, yet none reached the 85th percentile. The 85th percentile for selenium from the NCBP was 0.73 μg/g ww. Significantly higher levels of selenium were seen in mullet than in largemouth bass and catfish (P= 0.0023). The NCBP 85th percentile for lead is 0.22 μg/g ww (0.76 μg/g dw). In the current study, the range of concentrations of lead was as much as 18.3 ppm dw (MUL31RIVER, fish ID 8), with the three most elevated values (range of 3.46–5.31 μg/g ww) coming from mullet from the Mississippi River.

Biomarker data are measurable and directly reflect the condition of the animal, and measuring more than one biomarker in an individual increases confidence in health assessments. In the current study, biomarkers included macrophage aggregates (MAs), liver (hepatosomatic index [HSI]) and spleen (splenosomatic index [SSI]) weight to body weight ratios, percent white blood cells (WBCs) in whole blood, and condition factor. Few significant differences were noted with any of the biomarkers between sites, and there were no relationships between species and sites. For improved use of biomarker assessments, an increase in fish sample size would be useful for postdiversion sampling, as would comparisons of fish of the same sex and reproductive condition.

During the current study, success for eagle nests in the diversion area and reference sites was similar as determined by numbers of nestlings fledged. When temperatures were below average during winter 2000, nests in both regions similarly failed. At each nest, the primary evidence of food items was small mammals. Eaglets (n = 6) generally appeared healthy, and whole blood concentrations of organic contaminants exceeded detection limits with three incidences of p,p’-DDE (0.002–0.006 μg/L ww) and one incidence of oxychlordane (0.002 μg/L ww). The levels of p,p’-DDE were well below those that have been inversely correlated with productivity and success rates of nesting bald eagles on a regional scale. The low values found in the whole blood samples for OC pesticides and PCBs were even lower when corrected for plasma volume. Aluminum values were 3.66 and 5.75 μg/L in two samples, zinc ranged from 5.21 to 6.77 μg/L ww in six samples, and silicon ranged from 1.7 to 4.6 μg/L in four samples. Selenium was detectable in each bird with the range at 0.332–0.566 μg/L ww, and strontium ranged from 0.0581 to 0.0975 μg/L ww. Mercury was detectable in blood samples from each bird and ranged from 0.0254 to 0.0845 μg/L ww, whereas lead was detectable in four samples and ranged from 0.0042 to 0.0136 μg/L ww. Although no detectable levels of total PCBs were found (also correlated with decreased reproductive productivity), 70 percent of the aquatic animals from the Mississippi River contained total PCBs (range 0.13–0.79 μg/L), whereas only about 7 percent of the aquatic animals sampled from the marsh area contained PCBs.

Suggestions for postdiversion sampling include lowering the analytical detection limit for some metals, sampling aquatic animals over the course of a single season, obtaining a higher sample number of mature fish of one species (for example, blue catfish) within a range of total lengths for biomarker analyses, obtaining otoliths for estimating fish ages, assessing dioxins in eaglet blood, examining triazines in water, and obtaining all Mississippi River fish samples as close to the Davis Pond structure intake as possible. Because contaminants found in blood of eaglets reflect their prey species and because of the contaminant levels found in fish in the current study, eaglets may not be consuming primarily these species; therefore, obtaining juvenile nutria (Myocastor coypus) or turtle species for contaminant analyses might be considered, as well as collecting greater blood volume and using plasma to measure OCs and PCBs. Data obtained postdiversion will be compared with prediversion data to monitor changes. 


","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085067","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)","usgsCitation":"Jenkins, J.A., Bourgeois, E.B., and Jeske, C.W., 2008, Davis Pond freshwater prediversion biomonitoring study: freshwater fisheries and eagles: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5067, vi, 102 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085067.","productDescription":"vi, 102 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2001-01-01","temporalEnd":"2001-06-30","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195336,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12190,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5067/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":342511,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5067/pdf/SIR2008-5067.pdf","text":"Report","size":"15.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.296630859375,\n 29.95136495173933\n ],\n [\n -90.35293579101562,\n 29.940060379611825\n ],\n [\n -90.33782958984375,\n 29.901377129352113\n ],\n [\n -90.30418395996094,\n 29.869824281690473\n ],\n [\n -90.28839111328125,\n 29.83230508134241\n ],\n [\n -90.24169921875,\n 29.779873718177605\n ],\n [\n -90.20942687988281,\n 29.78225755812941\n ],\n [\n -90.17097473144531,\n 29.790600550959457\n ],\n [\n -90.15655517578125,\n 29.798346993042582\n ],\n [\n -90.16410827636719,\n 29.818604082872994\n ],\n [\n -90.1702880859375,\n 29.844217466091493\n ],\n [\n -90.1812744140625,\n 29.862083379118598\n ],\n [\n -90.21080017089844,\n 29.88470894463455\n ],\n [\n -90.23483276367188,\n 29.90078188504278\n ],\n [\n -90.24513244628906,\n 29.912686095517152\n ],\n [\n -90.27397155761719,\n 29.934705133847306\n ],\n [\n -90.296630859375,\n 29.95136495173933\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db6728e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jenkins, Jill A. 0000-0002-5087-0894 jenkinsj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5087-0894","contributorId":2710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"Jill","email":"jenkinsj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bourgeois, E. Beth","contributorId":21246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bourgeois","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Beth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jeske, Clint W.","contributorId":107797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeske","given":"Clint","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97205,"text":"ds405 - 2008 - Alkylphenols, other endocrine-active chemicals, and fish responses in three streams in Minnesota — Study design and data, February-September 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-17T13:33:04.068786","indexId":"ds405","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"405","title":"Alkylphenols, other endocrine-active chemicals, and fish responses in three streams in Minnesota — Study design and data, February-September 2007","docAbstract":"

This report presents the study design and environmental data for an integrated chemical and biological study of three streams (South Fork Crow River, Redwood River, and Grindstone River) that receive wastewater in Minnesota. The objective of the study was to identify distribution patterns of endocrine-active chemicals and other organic chemicals indicative of wastewater, and to identify fish responses in the same streams. Endocrine-active chemicals are a class of chemicals that interfere with the natural regulation of endocrine systems, and an understanding of their distribution in aquatic systems is important so that aquatic organism exposure can be evaluated.

This study was a cooperative effort of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, and St. Cloud State University (St. Cloud, Minn.). The USGS collected and analyzed water and quality-assurance samples and measured streamflow during six sampling events in each of three streams. Water samples were collected upstream from and at two successive points downstream from wastewater-treatment plant (WWTP) effluent discharge and from treated effluent from February through September 2007. Bed-sediment samples were collected during one sampling period at each of the stream locations. Water and bed-sediment samples were analyzed for endocrine-active chemicals including alkylphenols, alkylphenol polyethoxylates, and nonylphenol ethoxycarboxlylates (NPECs). Water samples also were analyzed for major ions, nutrients, and organic carbon. In addition, as part of an intensive time-series investigation, the USGS staff collected daily water samples for 8 weeks from the Redwood River near Marshall, Minn., for analyses of total alkylphenols and atrazine. St. Cloud State University staff collected and analyzed fish to determine male fish responses at all water sampling sites and at an additional site near the discharge of wastewater-treatment plant effluent to these streams. Male fish responses included the presence and concentration of vitellogenin in plasma, gonadosomatic indices, and histological characterizations of liver and testes tissue.

Hydrologic, chemical and biological characteristics were different among sites. The percentage of streamflow contributed by WWTP effluent (ranging from less than 1 to 79 percent) was greatest at the South Fork Crow River and least at the Grindstone River. WWTP effluent generally contributed the greatest percentage of streamflow during winter and late summer when streamflows were low.

A wide variety of chemicals were detected. More chemicals were detected in WWTP effluent samples than in stream samples during most time periods. The most commonly detected chemicals in samples collected monthly and analyzed at the USGS National Research Program Laboratory were 2,6-di-tert-butyl-1,4-benzoquinone, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 3-beta-coprostanol, 4-methylphenol, 4-nonylphenol (NP), 4-tert-octylphenol, bisphenol A, cholesterol, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and triclosan.

The chemicals 4-nonylphenolmonoethoxycarboxylate (NP1EC), 4-nonylphenoldiethoxycarboxylate (NP2EC), and 4-nonylphenoltriethoxycarboxylate (NP3EC) also were detected. Excluding nondetections, the sum of NP1EC through NP3EC concentrations ranged from 5.1 to 260 µg/L among all samples.

NP was detected in upstream, effluent, and downstream samples in each stream during at least one time period. NP was detected in 49 percent of environmental samples. Excluding nondetections, concentrations of NP ranged from 100 to 880 nanograms per liter among all samples. NP was also detected in more than one-half of the bed-sediment samples.

The most commonly detected wastewater indicator chemicals in samples analyzed by schedule 4433 at the USGS National Water Quality Laboratory were 3,4-dichlorophenyl isocyanate, acetyl-hexamethyl-tetrahydronaphthalene, benzophenone, cholesterol, hexahydrohexamethyl-cyclopenta-benzopyran, N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide, and tri(dichloroisopropyl) phosphate.

Male fish responses were the focus of the fish analyses, and 508 male fish were collected among all sampling sites. Vitellogenin was detected in 57 percent of the 415 male fish analyzed; concentrations ranged from an estimated value of 0.1 to 330 micrograms per milliliter (µg/mL) (average of 17.1 µg/mL). Intersex (the presence of oocytes in testes tissue) was observed in only one fathead minnow from an upstream site on the Grindstone River.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds405","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency and St. Cloud State University","usgsCitation":"Lee, K., Schoenfuss, H.L., Jahns, N.D., Brown, G.K., and Barber, L.B., 2008, Alkylphenols, other endocrine-active chemicals, and fish responses in three streams in Minnesota — Study design and data, February-September 2007: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 405, Report: viii, 44 p.; 10 Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds405.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 44 p.; 10 Appendixes","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2007-02-01","temporalEnd":"2007-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196340,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12187,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/405/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":402290,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86274.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":367580,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/405/pdf/DS405.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.0667,\n 44.8167\n ],\n [\n -94.25,\n 44.8167\n ],\n [\n -94.25,\n 45.1667\n ],\n [\n -95.0667,\n 45.1667\n ],\n [\n -95.0667,\n 44.8167\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db687f36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Kathy 0000-0002-7683-1367 klee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7683-1367","contributorId":2538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Kathy","email":"klee@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schoenfuss, Heiko L.","contributorId":76409,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schoenfuss","given":"Heiko","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13317,"text":"Saint Cloud State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":301360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jahns, Nathan D.","contributorId":12124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jahns","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, Greg K.","contributorId":8554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barber, Larry B. 0000-0002-0561-0831 lbbarber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0561-0831","contributorId":921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"Larry","email":"lbbarber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":97204,"text":"tm6A28 - 2008 - User Guide and Documentation for Five MODFLOW Ground-Water Modeling Utility Programs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:07","indexId":"tm6A28","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"6-A28","title":"User Guide and Documentation for Five MODFLOW Ground-Water Modeling Utility Programs","docAbstract":"This report documents five utility programs designed for use in conjunction with ground-water flow models developed with the U.S. Geological Survey's MODFLOW ground-water modeling program. One program extracts calculated flow values from one model for use as input to another model. The other four programs extract model input or output arrays from one model and make them available in a form that can be used to generate an ArcGIS raster data set. The resulting raster data sets may be useful for visual display of the data or for further geographic data processing.\r\n\r\nThe utility program GRID2GRIDFLOW reads a MODFLOW binary output file of cell-by-cell flow terms for one (source) model grid and converts the flow values to input flow values for a different (target) model grid. The spatial and temporal discretization of the two models may differ. \r\n\r\nThe four other utilities extract selected 2-dimensional data arrays in MODFLOW input and output files and write them to text files that can be imported into an ArcGIS geographic information system raster format. These four utilities require that the model cells be square and aligned with the projected coordinate system in which the model grid is defined. The four raster-conversion utilities are\r\n\r\n* CBC2RASTER, which extracts selected stress-package flow data from a MODFLOW binary output file of cell-by-cell flows;\r\n\r\n* DIS2RASTER, which extracts cell-elevation data from a MODFLOW Discretization file;\r\n\r\n* MFBIN2RASTER, which extracts array data from a MODFLOW binary output file of head or drawdown; and\r\n\r\n* MULT2RASTER, which extracts array data from a MODFLOW Multiplier file.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tm6A28","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Colorado Water Conservation Board and the Colorado Division of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Banta, E., Paschke, S.S., and Litke, D.W., 2008, User Guide and Documentation for Five MODFLOW Ground-Water Modeling Utility Programs (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 6-A28, vi, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm6A28.","productDescription":"vi, 25 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124766,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm_6_a28.gif"},{"id":12185,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/06A28/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49a0e4b07f02db5bdb56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banta, Edward R.","contributorId":49820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banta","given":"Edward R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paschke, Suzanne S.","contributorId":14072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paschke","given":"Suzanne","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Litke, David W.","contributorId":19145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Litke","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97203,"text":"ofr20081366 - 2008 - Preliminary geologic map of the southern Funeral Mountains and adjacent ground-water discharge sites, Inyo County, California, and Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-14T19:58:45.521966","indexId":"ofr20081366","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1366","title":"Preliminary geologic map of the southern Funeral Mountains and adjacent ground-water discharge sites, Inyo County, California, and Nye County, Nevada","docAbstract":"This map covers the southern part of the Funeral Mountains, and adjacent parts of four structural basins - Furnace Creek, Amargosa Valley, Opera House, and central Death Valley. It extends over three full 7.5-minute quadrangles, and parts of eleven others - a total area of about 950 square kilometers. The boundaries of this map were drawn to include all of the known proximal hydrogeologic features that may affect the flow of ground water that discharges from the springs of the Furnace Creek wash area, in the west-central part of the map. 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Slate, Janet L. 0000-0002-2870-9068 jslate@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2870-9068","contributorId":252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slate","given":"Janet","email":"jslate@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Berry, M. 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Geochemical patterns were identified and described through principal components analysis on major ions, and correlation and logistic regression were used to relate observed concentrations of nitrate and selected pesticide compounds (atrazine, metolachlor, simazine, and deethylatrazine, an atrazine degradate) and volatile organic compounds (chloroform, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, tetrachlorethene, and methyl tert-butyl ether) to likely influences, such as observed geochemical patterns, land use, hydrogeology, and soils. Variability in major-ion concentrations is primarily related to ionic strength and redox condition. Concentrations of nitrate, pesticides, and volatile organic compounds are related to natural conditions, as well as the distribution of likely sources reflected in land use. Nitrate is most common in aerobic ground water and in relatively well-drained areas, for example; concentrations greater than 0.4 milligrams per liter may result from a variety of human activities, although concentrations greater than 3 milligrams per liter are more likely in agricultural areas. Atrazine, deethylatrazine, and metolachlor also are related to geochemical patterns, likely because ground-water geochemistry reflects hydrogeologic and soil conditions affecting pesticide transport to the water table. Results demonstrate the value of geochemical information along with the distribution of sources and other influences to understanding the regional occurrence of selected compounds in ground water. Such influences are not unique to the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain, and thus observations and interpretations are relevant to broader areas.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085190","usgsCitation":"Ator, S.W., 2008, Natural and Human Influences on Water Quality in a Shallow Regional Unconsolidated Aquifer, Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5190, viii, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085190.","productDescription":"viii, 21 p.","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196289,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12186,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5190/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81,32 ], [ -81,43 ], [ -70,43 ], [ -70,32 ], [ -81,32 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db6982b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ator, Scott W. 0000-0002-9186-4837 swator@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9186-4837","contributorId":781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ator","given":"Scott","email":"swator@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":375,"text":"Maryland, Delaware, and the District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":301343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97202,"text":"sir20085087 - 2008 - Recharge to Shale Bedrock at Averill Park, an Upland Hamlet in Eastern New York - An Estimate Based on Pumpage within a Defined Cone of Depression","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:48","indexId":"sir20085087","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5087","title":"Recharge to Shale Bedrock at Averill Park, an Upland Hamlet in Eastern New York - An Estimate Based on Pumpage within a Defined Cone of Depression","docAbstract":"Water levels beneath parts of Averill Park, a residential hamlet in an upland area of till-mantled shale bedrock in east-central New York, have declined in response to increased withdrawals from new wells. Similar experiences in many upland localities in the northeastern United States have resulted in awareness that the rate of recharge to bedrock can be an important constraint on the density of new development in uplands. Recharge at Averill Park was calculated on the basis of careful estimation of pumpage within a defined cone of depression. The data-collection and recharge-estimation procedures documented herein could be applied in a variety of upland localities in support of community-planning studies.\r\n\r\nStatic water levels measured in 145 wells at Averill Park during the late summer of 2002 defined a 0.54-square-mile cone of depression within which ground-water discharge took place entirely as withdrawals from wells. Rates of withdrawal were estimated largely from surveys in similar neighborhoods a few miles away served by public water supply. Comparison of the water-level measurements in 2002 with measurements on other dates revealed localized declines that could be attributed to new housing developments or commercial demands, but also demonstrated that water levels in 2002 within the cone of depression had stabilized and were not declining persistently over time. Therefore, the current withdrawals were equated to recharge from infiltrating precipitation. Recharge within this area was estimated to average 104 gallons per day per acre, equivalent to 1.4 inches annually, and was sufficient to sustain a residential population of 1.9 persons per acre. This recharge rate is much lower than rates estimated from streamflow records for upland watersheds elsewhere in the northeastern United States. This rate is an average of an unknown larger rate in the 30 percent of the study area where bedrock is discontinuously overlain by less than 30 feet of till and an unknown smaller rate in the remainder of the area where bedrock is overlain by thick till in the form of drumlins. The spatial variation in rate of recharge is inferred from the fact that high heads and strong downward gradients in bedrock, and very hard water with high chloride concentrations caused by winter highway runoff, are largely restricted to the area of discontinuous, thin till.\r\n\r\nWells less than 180 feet deep and distant from highways typically yield water of moderate hardness (50-170 milligrams per liter as calcium carbonate) that is caused by dissolution of limestone fragments in the till. Some wells that are more than 180 feet deep yield very soft water (0-50 milligrams per liter) with high pH and high sodium concentrations resulting from ion exchange within the bedrock. Nearly all wells in some areas of thick till yield very soft water.\r\n\r\nMost wells near the center of Averill Park yield less than 3 gallons per minute. The likelihood of obtaining an additional 2 gallons per minute or more by drilling deeper than 200 feet is calculated to be about 25 percent. Most wells west and southwest of the center yield at least 3 gallons per minute, and the liklihood of obtaining an additional 2 gallons per minute or more by drilling deeper than 200 feet is about 50 percent.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085087","usgsCitation":"Randall, A.D., and Finch, A., 2008, Recharge to Shale Bedrock at Averill Park, an Upland Hamlet in Eastern New York - An Estimate Based on Pumpage within a Defined Cone of Depression: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5087, Report: vi, 79 p.; 3 Plates: each 18 x 24 inches; Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085087.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 79 p.; 3 Plates: each 18 x 24 inches; Appendixes","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":206,"text":"Cooperative Water Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195043,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12183,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5087/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"6000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.56694444444445,42.61694444444444 ], [ -73.56694444444445,42.65 ], [ -73.53361111111111,42.65 ], [ -73.53361111111111,42.61694444444444 ], [ -73.56694444444445,42.61694444444444 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a74e4b07f02db64499a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Randall, Allan D. arandall@usgs.gov","contributorId":1168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Randall","given":"Allan","email":"arandall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finch, Anne","contributorId":27088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finch","given":"Anne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97201,"text":"gip71 - 2008 - Gulf Sturgeon Facts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:04","indexId":"gip71","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":315,"text":"General Information Product","code":"GIP","onlineIssn":"2332-354X","printIssn":"2332-3531","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"71","title":"Gulf Sturgeon Facts","docAbstract":"Sturgeon: An ancient type of fish, with 5 rows of armor scutes, a cartilaginous skeleton, long snout, suction mouth, no teeth, and 4 barbels.\r\n\r\nPhotograph of a Gulf sturgeon. The total length of a 5-month old is 313 mm.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/gip71","usgsCitation":"Sulak, K.J., and Randall, M.T., 2008, Gulf Sturgeon Facts: U.S. Geological Survey General Information Product 71, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/gip71.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121130,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/gip_71.jpg"},{"id":12182,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/71/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a24f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sulak, Kenneth J. 0000-0002-4795-9310 ksulak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4795-9310","contributorId":2217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sulak","given":"Kenneth","email":"ksulak@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Randall, Michael T. 0000-0001-8805-0886 mrandall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8805-0886","contributorId":3127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Randall","given":"Michael","email":"mrandall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97197,"text":"fs20083097 - 2008 - Carbon sequestration to mitigate climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T12:43:19","indexId":"fs20083097","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-3097","title":"Carbon sequestration to mitigate climate change","docAbstract":"Human activities, especially the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas, have caused a substantial increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. This increase in atmospheric CO2 - from about 280 to more than 380 parts per million (ppm) over the last 250 years - is causing measurable global warming. Potential adverse impacts include sea-level rise; increased frequency and intensity of wildfires, floods, droughts, and tropical storms; changes in the amount, timing, and distribution of rain, snow, and runoff; and disturbance of coastal marine and other ecosystems. Rising atmospheric CO2 is also increasing the absorption of CO2 by seawater, causing the ocean to become more acidic, with potentially disruptive effects on marine plankton and coral reefs. Technically and economically feasible strategies are needed to mitigate the consequences of increased atmospheric CO2. The United States needs scientific information to develop ways to reduce human-caused CO2 emissions and to remove CO2 from the atmosphere.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20083097","usgsCitation":"Sundquist, E., Burruss, R., Faulkner, S., Gleason, R., Harden, J., Kharaka, Y., Tieszen, L., and Waldrop, M., 2008, Carbon sequestration to mitigate climate change: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2008-3097, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20083097.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124805,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2008_3097.jpg"},{"id":338610,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3097/pdf/CarbonFS.pdf"},{"id":12179,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3097/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f6e4b07f02db5f16e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sundquist, Eric","contributorId":62316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sundquist","given":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burruss, Robert 0000-0001-6827-804X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6827-804X","contributorId":76825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burruss","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Faulkner, Stephen 0000-0001-5295-1383","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5295-1383","contributorId":65439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faulkner","given":"Stephen","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":301338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gleason, Robert","contributorId":58991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gleason","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harden, Jennifer","contributorId":46190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"Jennifer","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kharaka, Yousif","contributorId":12146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kharaka","given":"Yousif","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Tieszen, Larry","contributorId":63907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tieszen","given":"Larry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Waldrop, Mark","contributorId":47051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldrop","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":97199,"text":"sim2777 - 2008 - Maps showing geology, structure, and geophysics of the central Black Hills, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-08T10:39:23","indexId":"sim2777","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2777","title":"Maps showing geology, structure, and geophysics of the central Black Hills, South Dakota","docAbstract":"This 1:100,000-scale digital geologic map details the complex Early Proterozoic granitic rocks, Early Proterozoic supracrustal metamorphic rocks, and Archean crystalline basement of the Black Hills. The granitic rocks host pegmatite deposits renowned for their feldspar, mica, spodumene, and beryl. The supracrustal rocks host the Homestake gold mine, which produced more than 40 million ounces of gold over a 125-year lifetime. The map documents the Laramide deformation of Paleozoic and Mesozoic cover rocks; and shows the distribution of Laramide plutonic rocks associated with precious-metals deposits. Four 1:300,000-scale maps summarize Laramide structures; Early Proterozoic structures; aeromagnetic anomalies; and gravity anomalies. Three 1:500,000-scale maps show geophysical interpretations of buried Early Proterozoic to Archean rocks in western South Dakota and eastern Wyoming.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim2777","isbn":"9781411322141","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology Foundation","usgsCitation":"Redden, J., and DeWitt, E., 2008, Maps showing geology, structure, and geophysics of the central Black Hills, South Dakota (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2777, Report: iv, 44 p.; 2 Map Sheets - Sheet 1: 44 x 61.5 inches, Sheet 2: 43 x 57 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2777.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 44 p.; 2 Map Sheets - Sheet 1: 44 x 61.5 inches, Sheet 2: 43 x 57 inches; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":169,"text":"Central Mineral Resources Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":12181,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2777/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110802,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86264.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"86264"},{"id":195790,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":349842,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2777/downloads/2777_pamphlet_508.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","size":"10.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":349843,"rank":5,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2777/downloads/2777_sheet1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1","size":"21 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":349844,"rank":6,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2777/downloads/2777_sheet2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2","size":"14.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":349845,"rank":7,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2777/downloads/","text":"Downloads Directory"}],"scale":"0","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Black Hills","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104,43.5 ], [ -104,44.5 ], [ -103,44.5 ], [ -103,43.5 ], [ -104,43.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b09e4b07f02db69bd85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Redden, Jack A.","contributorId":107347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redden","given":"Jack A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeWitt, Ed","contributorId":65081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWitt","given":"Ed","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97198,"text":"ofr20081363 - 2008 - Summary and Analysis of the U.S. Government Bat Banding Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:05","indexId":"ofr20081363","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1363","title":"Summary and Analysis of the U.S. Government Bat Banding Program","docAbstract":"This report summarizes the U.S. Government Bat Banding Program (BBP) from 1932 to 1972. More than 2 million bands were issued during the program, of which approximately 1.5 million bands were applied to 36 bat species by scientists in many locations in North America including the U.S., Canada, Mexico, and Central America. Throughout the BBP, banders noticed numerous and deleterious effects on bats, leading to a moratorium on bat banding by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and a resolution to cease banding by the American Society of Mammalogists in 1973. One of the main points of the memorandum written to justify the moratorium was to conduct a 'detailed evaluation of the files of the bat-banding program.' However, a critical and detailed evaluation of the BBP was never completed. In an effort to satisfy this need, I compiled a detailed history of the BBP by examining the files and conducting a literature review on bat banding activities during the program. I also provided a case study in managing data and applying current mark-recapture theory to estimate survival using the information from a series of bat bands issued to Clyde M. Senger during the BBP. The majority of bands applied by Senger were to Townsend's big-eared bat (Corynorhinus townsendii), a species of special concern for many states within its geographic range. I developed a database management system for the bat banding records and then analyzed and modeled survival of hibernating Townsend's big-eared bats at three main locations in Washington State using Cormack-Jolly-Seber (CJS) open models and the modeling capabilities of Program MARK. This analysis of a select dataset in the BBP files provided relatively precise estimates of survival for wintering Townsend's big-eared bats. However, this dataset is unique due to its well-maintained and complete state and because there were high recapture rates over the course of banding; it is doubtful that other unpublished datasets of the same quality exist buried in the BBP files for further analyses. Lastly, I make several recommendations based on the findings of this summary and analysis, the most important of which is that marking bats with standard metal or split-ring forearm bands should not be considered for mark-recapture studies unless the information sought and the potential for obtaining unbiased estimates from that information vastly outweighs the potential negative effects to the bats.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081363","usgsCitation":"Ellison, L.E., 2008, Summary and Analysis of the U.S. Government Bat Banding Program: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1363, vi, 117 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081363.","productDescription":"vi, 117 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198061,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12180,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1363/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699658","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellison, Laura E. ellisonl@usgs.gov","contributorId":3220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellison","given":"Laura","email":"ellisonl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97193,"text":"fs20073088 - 2008 - Relations of Water Quality to Agricultural Chemical Use and Environmental Setting at Various Scales - Results from Selected Studies of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:31","indexId":"fs20073088","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-3088","title":"Relations of Water Quality to Agricultural Chemical Use and Environmental Setting at Various Scales - Results from Selected Studies of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program","docAbstract":"In 1991, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began studies of 51 major river basins and aquifers across the United States as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program to provide scientifically sound information for managing the Nation's water resources. The major goals of the NAWQA Program are to assess the status and long-term trends of the Nation's surface- and ground-water quality and to understand the natural and human factors that affect it (Gilliom and others, 1995).\r\n\r\nIn 2001, the NAWQA Program began a second decade of intensive water-quality assessments. The 42 study units for this second decade were selected to represent a wide range of important hydrologic environments and potential contaminant sources. These NAWQA studies continue to address the goals of the first decade of the assessments to determine how water-quality conditions are changing over time. In addition to local- and regional-scale studies, NAWQA began to analyze and synthesize water-quality status and trends at the principal aquifer and major river-basin scales.\r\n\r\nThis fact sheet summarizes results from four NAWQA studies that relate water quality to agricultural chemical use and environmental setting at these various scales: \r\n* Comparison of ground-water quality in northern and southern High Plains agricultural settings (principal aquifer scale); \r\n* Distribution patterns of pesticides and degradates in rain (local scale); \r\n* Occurrence of pesticides in shallow ground water underlying four agricultural areas (local and regional scales); and \r\n* Trends in nutrients and sediment over time in the Missouri River and its tributaries (major river-basin scale).","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20073088","collaboration":"Prepared as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Relations of Water Quality to Agricultural Chemical Use and Environmental Setting at Various Scales - Results from Selected Studies of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2007-3088, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20073088.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124343,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2007_3088.jpg"},{"id":12175,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2007/3088/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115,35 ], [ -115,50 ], [ -90,50 ], [ -90,35 ], [ -115,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685bb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97195,"text":"sir20085002 - 2008 - Simulation of ground-water flow in the Shenandoah Valley, Virginia and West Virginia, using variable-direction anisotropy in hydraulic conductivity to represent bedrock structure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-18T20:13:26.180599","indexId":"sir20085002","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5002","displayTitle":"Simulation of Ground-Water Flow in the Shenandoah Valley, Virginia and West Virginia, Using Variable-Direction Anisotropy in Hydraulic Conductivity to Represent Bedrock Structure","title":"Simulation of ground-water flow in the Shenandoah Valley, Virginia and West Virginia, using variable-direction anisotropy in hydraulic conductivity to represent bedrock structure","docAbstract":"Ground-water flow was simulated using variable-direction anisotropy in hydraulic conductivity to represent the folded, fractured sedimentary rocks that underlie the Shenandoah Valley in Virginia and West Virginia. The anisotropy is a consequence of the orientations of fractures that provide preferential flow paths through the rock, such that the direction of maximum hydraulic conductivity is oriented within bedding planes, which generally strike N30 deg E; the direction of minimum hydraulic conductivity is perpendicular to the bedding. The finite-element model SUTRA was used to specify variable directions of the hydraulic-conductivity tensor in order to represent changes in the strike and dip of the bedding throughout the valley.\r\n\r\nThe folded rocks in the valley are collectively referred to as the Massanutten synclinorium, which contains about a 5-km thick section of clastic and carbonate rocks. For the model, the bedrock was divided into four units: a 300-m thick top unit with 10 equally spaced layers through which most ground water is assumed to flow, and three lower units each containing 5 layers of increasing thickness that correspond to the three major rock units in the valley: clastic, carbonate and metamorphic rocks. A separate zone in the carbonate rocks that is overlain by colluvial gravel - called the western-toe carbonate unit - was also distinguished.\r\n\r\nHydraulic-conductivity values were estimated through model calibration for each of the four rock units, using data from 354 wells and 23 streamflow-gaging stations. Conductivity tensors for metamorphic and western-toe carbonate rocks were assumed to be isotropic, while conductivity tensors for carbonate and clastic rocks were assumed to be anisotropic. The directions of the conductivity tensor for carbonate and clastic rocks were interpolated for each mesh element from a stack of 'form surfaces' that provided a three-dimensional representation of bedrock structure. Model simulations were run with (1) variable strike and dip, in which conductivity tensors were aligned with the strike and dip of the bedding, and (2) uniform strike in which conductivity tensors were assumed to be horizontally isotropic with the maximum conductivity direction parallel to the N30 deg E axis of the valley and the minimum conductivity direction perpendicular to the horizontal plane. Simulated flow penetrated deeper into the aquifer system with the uniform-strike tensor than with the variable-strike-and-dip tensor. Sensitivity analyses suggest that additional information on recharge rates would increase confidence in the estimated parameter values.\r\n\r\nTwo applications of the model were conducted - the first, to determine depth of recent ground-water flow by simulating the distribution of ground-water ages, showed that most shallow ground water is less than 10 years old. Ground-water age distributions computed by variable-strike-and-dip and uniform-strike models were similar, but differed beneath Massanutten Mountain in the center of the valley. The variable-strike-and-dip model simulated flow from west to east parallel to the bedding of the carbonate rocks beneath Massanutten Mountain, while the uniform-strike model, in which flow was largely controlled by topography, simulated this same area as an east-west ground-water divide. The second application, which delineated capture zones for selected well fields in the valley, showed that capture zones delineated with both models were similar in plan view, but differed in vertical extent. Capture zones simulated by the variable-strike-and-dip model extended downdip with the bedding of carbonate rock and were relatively shallow, while those simulated by the uniform-strike model extended to the bottom of the flow system, which is unrealistic. These results suggest that simulations of ground-water flow through folded fractured rock can be constructed using SUTRA to represent variable orientations of the hydraulic-conductivity tensor and produce a","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20085002","usgsCitation":"Yager, R.M., Southworth, S.C., and Voss, C.I., 2008, Simulation of ground-water flow in the Shenandoah Valley, Virginia and West Virginia, using variable-direction anisotropy in hydraulic conductivity to represent bedrock structure: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5002, viii, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085002.","productDescription":"viii, 55 p.","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":12177,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5002/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":367581,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5002/pdf/SIR2008-5002.pdf"},{"id":122425,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2008_5002.jpg"},{"id":420918,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86266.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia, West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -79.5,37.5 ], [ -79.5,40 ], [ -77.5,40 ], [ -77.5,37.5 ], [ -79.5,37.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685aa7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yager, Richard M. 0000-0001-7725-1148 ryager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7725-1148","contributorId":950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Richard","email":"ryager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Southworth, Scott C.","contributorId":93348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Southworth","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Voss, Clifford I. 0000-0001-5923-2752 cvoss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5923-2752","contributorId":1559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"Clifford","email":"cvoss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97194,"text":"ofr20081349 - 2008 - Design and Operation of a Borehole Straddle Packer for Ground-Water Sampling and Hydraulic Testing of Discrete Intervals at U.S. Air Force Plant 6, Marietta, Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-08T12:11:25","indexId":"ofr20081349","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1349","title":"Design and Operation of a Borehole Straddle Packer for Ground-Water Sampling and Hydraulic Testing of Discrete Intervals at U.S. Air Force Plant 6, Marietta, Georgia","docAbstract":"A borehole straddle packer was developed and tested by the U.S. Geological Survey to characterize the vertical distribution of contaminants, head, and hydraulic properties in open-borehole wells as part of an ongoing investigation of ground-water contamination at U.S. Air Force Plant 6 (AFP6) in Marietta, Georgia. To better understand contaminant fate and transport in a crystalline bedrock setting and to support remedial activities at AFP6, numerous wells have been constructed that include long open-hole intervals in the crystalline bedrock. These wells can include several discontinuities that produce water, which may contain contaminants. Because of the complexity of ground-water flow and contaminant movement in the crystalline bedrock, it is important to characterize the hydraulic and water-quality characteristics of discrete intervals in these wells. The straddle packer facilitates ground-water sampling and hydraulic testing of discrete intervals, and delivery of fluids including tracer suites and remedial agents into these discontinuities.\r\n\r\nThe straddle packer consists of two inflatable packers, a dual-pump system, a pressure-sensing system, and an aqueous injection system. Tests were conducted to assess the accuracy of the pressure-sensing systems, and water samples were collected for analysis of volatile organic compound (VOCs) concentrations. Pressure-transducer readings matched computed water-column height, with a coefficient of determination of greater than 0.99. The straddle packer incorporates both an air-driven piston pump and a variable-frequency, electronic, submersible pump. Only slight differences were observed between VOC concentrations in samples collected using the two different types of sampling pumps during two sampling events in July and August 2005. A test conducted to assess the effect of stagnation on VOC concentrations in water trapped in the system's pump-tubing reel showed that concentrations were not affected. A comparison was conducted to assess differences between three water-sampling methods - collecting samples from the well by pumping a packer-isolated zone using a submersible pump, by using a grab sampler, and by using a passive diffusion sampler. Concentrations of tetrachloroethylene, trichloroethylene and 1,2-dichloropropane were greatest for samples collected using the submersible pump in the packed-isolated interval, suggesting that the straddle packer yielded the least dilute sample.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081349","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Air Force, Aeronautical System Center","usgsCitation":"Holloway, O.G., and Waddell, J.P., 2008, Design and Operation of a Borehole Straddle Packer for Ground-Water Sampling and Hydraulic Testing of Discrete Intervals at U.S. Air Force Plant 6, Marietta, Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1349, vi, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081349.","productDescription":"vi, 24 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195395,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12176,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1349/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","city":"Marietta","otherGeospatial":" U.S. Air Force Plant 6","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84.53444444444445,33.9 ], [ -84.53444444444445,33.95 ], [ -84.5,33.95 ], [ -84.5,33.9 ], [ -84.53444444444445,33.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db667f54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holloway, Owen G.","contributorId":32948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holloway","given":"Owen","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waddell, Jonathan P.","contributorId":11722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddell","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}