Mercury in precipitation was monitored during 2004–2005 at five locations in Indiana as part of the National Atmospheric Deposition Program–Mercury Deposition Network (NADP–MDN). Monitoring stations were operated at Roush Lake near Huntington, Clifty Falls State Park near Madison, Fort Harrison State Park near Indianapolis, Monroe County Regional Airport near Bloomington, and Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore near Porter. At these monitoring stations, precipitation amounts were measured continuously and weekly samples were collected for analysis of mercury by methods achieving detection limits as low as 0.05 ng/L (nanograms per liter). Wet deposition was computed as the product of mercury concentration and precipitation. The data were analyzed for seasonal patterns, temporal trends, and geographic differences.
In the 2 years, 520 weekly samples were collected at the 5 monitoring stations and 448 of these samples had sufficient precipitation to compute mercury wet deposition. The 2-year mean mercury concentration at the five monitoring stations (normalized to the sample volume) was 10.6 ng/L. As a reference for comparison, the total mercury concentration in 41 percent of the samples analyzed was greater than the statewide Indiana water-quality standard for mercury (12 ng/L, protecting aquatic life) and 99 percent of the concentrations exceeded the most conservative Indiana water-quality criterion (1.3 ng/L, protecting wild mammals and birds). The normalized annual mercury concentration at Clifty Falls in 2004 was the fourth highest in the NADP–MDN in eastern North America that year. In 2005, the mercury concentrations at Clifty Falls and Indiana Dunes were the ninth highest in the NADP–MDN in eastern North America.
At the five monitoring stations during the study period, the mean weekly total mercury deposition was 0.208 µg/m2 (micrograms per square meter) and mean annual total mercury deposition was 10.8 µg/m2. The annual mercury deposition at Clifty Falls in 2004 and 2005 was in the top 25 percent of the NADP–MDN stations in eastern North America.
Mercury concentrations and deposition varied at the five monitoring stations during 2004–2005. Mercury concentrations in wet-deposition samples ranged from 1.2 to 116.6 ng/L and weekly mercury deposition ranged from 0.002 to 1.74 µg/m2. Data from weekly samples exhibited seasonal patterns. During April through September, total mercury concentrations and deposition were higher than the median for all samples. Annual precipitation at four of the five monitoring stations was within 10 percent of normal both years, with the exception of Indiana Dunes, where precipitation was 23 percent below normal in 2005.
Episodes of high mercury deposition, which were the top 10 percent of weekly mercury deposition at the five monitoring stations, contributed 39 percent of all mercury deposition during 2004–2005. Mercury deposition more than 1.04 µg/m2 (5 times the mean weekly deposition) was recorded for 12 samples. These episodes of highest mercury deposition were recorded at all five monitoring stations, but the most (7 of 12) were at Clifty Falls and contributed 34.4 percent of the total deposition at that station during 2004–2005. Weekly samples with high mercury deposition may help to explain the differences in annual mercury deposition among the five monitoring stations in Indiana.
A statistical evaluation of the monitoring data for 2001–2005 indicated several statistically significant temporal trends. A statewide (5-station) decrease (p = 0.007) in mercury deposition and a statewide decrease (p = 0.059) in mercury concentration were shown. Decreases in mercury deposition (p = 0.061 and p = 0.083) were observed at Roush Lake and Bloomington. A statistically significant trend was not observed for precipitation at the five monitoring stations during this 5-year period. A potential explanation for part of the statewide decrease in mercury concentration and mercury deposition was a 28 percent decrease in the total estimated annual mercury emissions in Indiana between 2002 and 2005.
Mercury deposition statistically was correlated most closely to precipitation in the 448 samples, 2004–2005, and this relation was demonstrated by statewide maps of annual precipitation and annual mercury deposition based on precipitation data from 127 National Weather Service Cooperative Observer Program stations. However, one area in southeastern Indiana in the vicinity of Clifty Falls exhibited high mercury deposition that might be related more to mercury concentration than to precipitation. This is because areas with the same range of precipitation as southeastern Indiana were mapped with less mercury deposition.
Other data demonstrate a geographic difference for mercury in precipitation in the vicinity of the Clifty Falls monitoring station. The weekly mercury concentrations at Clifty Falls were statistically higher than concentrations at Roush Lake, Fort Harrison, and Bloomington. Clifty Falls data ranked highest among the five monitoring stations for mercury concentration and mercury deposition, 2004–2005, and in the previous 3 years. Episodes of high mercury deposition were recorded most often at Clifty Falls in 2004–2005 and in the previous 3 years. Statistical trends in mercury concentration or mercury deposition were not observed for the Clifty Falls data. A potential explanation for this geographic difference is that annual mercury emissions from sources in the vicinity of Clifty Falls were higher than those at the other stations. Other factors may help explain the differences in total mercury concentrations, such as the types of mercury emissions, mercury transport from stationary sources outside Indiana, and meteorological conditions. Additional data are needed to assign a localized or regional boundary to the area affected by high deposition of mercury near Clifty Falls.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085148","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Environmental Management","usgsCitation":"Risch, M.R., and Fowler, K.K., 2008, Mercury in precipitation in Indiana, January 2004–December 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5148, vi, 76 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085148.","productDescription":"vi, 76 p.","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":394621,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86223.htm"},{"id":196466,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12166,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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Excess dissolved-gas concentrations can have adverse effects on freshwater aquatic life. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, collected dissolved-gas and water-temperature data at eight monitoring stations on the lower Columbia River in Oregon and Washington in 2008. Significant findings from the data include:
\nSeveral species of forest songbirds reach a western limit of their respective distributions in eastern Oklahoma. The relative infl uence of various habitat variables on patterns of occurrence in this region may differ from those same infl uences in the core of species’ ranges. We examined the infl uence of 16 habitat variables on the occurrence and density of a suite of forest songbirds. We sampled breeding birds with four, fi xed-radius point counts along 1-km transects at 75 forested sites in eastern Oklahoma in 2006. Forest cover at fi ne scales varied by numerous structural characteristics (e.g., canopy cover) as well as species composition (e.g., pines vs. hardwoods). We performed both Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) ordinations using 16 environmental variables and 37 bird species to examine bird habitat relationships. Forward Selection in CCA indicated that the most important environmental variables affecting bird habitat relationships were the amount of forest cover in the surrounding landscape matrix, and at a local scale, canopy height and elevation.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Fourth International Partners in Flight Conference: Tundra to Trophics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"Fourth international partners in flight conference: tundra to tropics","conferenceDate":"February 13, 2008","conferenceLocation":"McAllen, Texas","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Cavalieri, V.S., O’Connell, T.J., and Leslie, D., 2008, A bird community on the edge: habitat use of forest songbirds In eastern Oklahoma, in Proceedings of the Fourth International Partners in Flight Conference: Tundra to Trophics, McAllen, Texas, February 13, 2008, p. 118-127.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"118","endPage":"127","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2006-05-01","temporalEnd":"2006-06-30","ipdsId":"IP-012567","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306953,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":305773,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.partnersinflight.org/pubs/McAllenProc/TOC.php"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Ouachita Mountains, Ozark Highlands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.394287109375,\n 33.97525348507592\n ],\n [\n -95.394287109375,\n 36.923547681089296\n ],\n [\n -94.482421875,\n 36.923547681089296\n ],\n [\n -94.361572265625,\n 33.99802726234877\n ],\n [\n -95.394287109375,\n 33.97525348507592\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe8726e4b0824b2d149a26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cavalieri, Vincent S.","contributorId":145647,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cavalieri","given":"Vincent","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Connell, Timothy J.","contributorId":58185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Connell","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leslie, David M. 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Information on processes that generate methane in these coalbed reservoirs is important for developing methods that will stimulate additional production. The chemical and isotopic compositions of gas and ground water from CBM wells throughout the basin reflect generation processes as well as those that affect water/rock interaction.\n\nOur study included analyses of water samples collected from 228 CBM wells. Major cations and anions were measured for all samples, δDH2O and δ18OH2O were measured for 199 of the samples, and δDCH4 of gas co-produced with water was measured for 100 of the samples. Results show that (1) water from Fort Union Formation coal beds is exclusively Na–HCO3-type water with low dissolved SO4 content (median < 1 mg/L) and little or no dissolved oxygen (< 0.15 mg/L), whereas shallow groundwater (depth generally < 120 m) is a mixed Ca–Mg–Na–SO4–HCO3 type; (2) water/rock interactions, such as cation exchange on clay minerals and precipitation/dissolution of CaCO3 and SO4 minerals, account for the accumulation of dissolved Na and depletion of Ca and Mg; (3) bacterially-mediated oxidation–reduction reactions account for high HCO3 (270–3310 mg/L) and low SO4 (median < 0.15 mg/L) values; (4) fractionation between δDCH4 (− 283 to − 328 per mil) and δDH2O (− 121 to − 167 per mil) indicates that the production of methane is primarily by biogenic CO2 reduction; and (5) values of δDH2O and δ18OH2O (− 16 to − 22 per mil) have a wide range of values and plot near or above the global meteoric water line, indicating that the original meteoric water has been influenced by methanogenesis and by being mixed with surface and shallow groundwater.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2008.05.002","usgsCitation":"Rice, C.A., Flores, R.M., Stricker, G.D., and Ellis, M.S., 2008, Chemical and stable isotopic composition of water and gas in the Fort Union Formation of the Powder River Basin, Wyoming and Montana: Evidence for water/rock interaction and the biogenic origin of coalbed natural gas: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 76, no. 1-2, p. 76-85, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2008.05.002.","startPage":"76","endPage":"85","ipdsId":"IP-004227","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271040,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271039,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2008.05.002"}],"country":"United States","volume":"76","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"516fc462e4b05024ef3cd3ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rice, Cynthia A.","contributorId":87140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Cynthia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flores, Romeo M. rflores@usgs.gov","contributorId":71984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flores","given":"Romeo","email":"rflores@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":165,"text":"Central Energy Resources Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":477198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stricker, Gary D. gstricker@usgs.gov","contributorId":87163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stricker","given":"Gary","email":"gstricker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":165,"text":"Central Energy Resources Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":477200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ellis, Margaret S. mellis@usgs.gov","contributorId":198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"Margaret","email":"mellis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":477197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70198231,"text":"70198231 - 2008 - 4th EGU Alexander von Humboldt conference - the Andes: challenge for geosciences","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-11T11:52:21","indexId":"70198231","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":655,"text":"Advances in Geosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"4th EGU Alexander von Humboldt conference - the Andes: challenge for geosciences","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"4th EGU Alexander von Humboldt conference","conferenceDate":"November 24-28, 2008","conferenceLocation":"Santiago de Chile, Chile","language":"English","doi":"10.5194/adgeo-22-1-2009","usgsCitation":"Fabian, P., Garreau, R., Schneider, C., and Tilling, R.I., 2008, 4th EGU Alexander von Humboldt conference - the Andes: challenge for geosciences: Advances in Geosciences, v. 22, p. 1-189, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-22-1-2009.","productDescription":"189 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"189","numberOfPages":"189","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476563,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-22-1-2009","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":355898,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-10-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98bc63e4b0702d0e8453e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fabian, P.","contributorId":206479,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fabian","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garreau, R.","contributorId":206480,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garreau","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schneider, Christoph","contributorId":206478,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schneider","given":"Christoph","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tilling, Robert I. 0000-0003-4263-7221 rtilling@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4263-7221","contributorId":2567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilling","given":"Robert","email":"rtilling@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":740664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70162095,"text":"70162095 - 2008 - Double-crested cormorant studies at Little Galloo Island, Lake Ontario in 2008: Diet composition, fish consumption and the efficacy of management activities in reducing fish predation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-05T13:06:21","indexId":"70162095","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5114,"text":"NYSDEC Lake Ontario Annual Report ","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"2008","chapter":"14","title":"Double-crested cormorant studies at Little Galloo Island, Lake Ontario in 2008: Diet composition, fish consumption and the efficacy of management activities in reducing fish predation","docAbstract":"For almost two decades Little Galloo Island (LGI)has supported the largest colony of double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) in the eastern basin of Lake Ontario. Cormorant nest counts on the island since the early 1990's have averaged about 5,000 per year reaching a high of 8,400 in 1996. Johnson et al. (2008) estimate that cormorants from LGI alone have consumed 400 million fish since 1992. The proliferation of cormorants in the eastern basin of Lake Ontario has coincided with declines in two important recreational fish species, smallmouth bass and yellow perch. Lantry et al. (2002) and Burnett et al. (2002) provide convincing evidence linking cormorant population increases to declining eastern basin smallmouth bass and yellow perch stocks. Decline of these fish stocks is evident only in the eastern basin, suggesting a localized problem which is consistent with the halo effect where large piscivorous waterbird colonies may deplete local fish stocks (Birt et al. 1987).
\nThe year 2008 marked the seventeenth consecutive year of study of the food habits and fish consumption of LGI cormorants, and represented the tenth consecutive year evaluating the efficacy of management activities to control the reproductive success of cormorants nesting at LGI. The program consists mainly of spraying cormorant eggs with oil as well as the culling of adult and immature birds.This paper reports the findings of work carried outin 2008 at LGI.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"2008 NYSDEC Lake Ontario Annual Report","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","publisherLocation":"Albany, NY","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J.H., McCullough, R.D., and Farquhar, J., 2008, Double-crested cormorant studies at Little Galloo Island, Lake Ontario in 2008: Diet composition, fish consumption and the efficacy of management activities in reducing fish predation: NYSDEC Lake Ontario Annual Report 2008, 11 p.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"14-1","endPage":"14-11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-012072","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324610,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":372953,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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,{"id":70156071,"text":"70156071 - 2008 - Projecting cumulative benefits of multiple river restoration projects: an example from the Sacramento-San Joaquin River system in California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-13T16:13:43","indexId":"70156071","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Projecting cumulative benefits of multiple river restoration projects: an example from the Sacramento-San Joaquin River system in California","docAbstract":"Despite increasingly large investments, the potential ecological effects of river restoration programs are still small compared to the degree of human alterations to physical and ecological function. Thus, it is rarely possible to “restore” pre-disturbance conditions; rather restoration programs (even large, well-funded ones) will nearly always involve multiple small projects, each of which can make some modest change to selected ecosystem processes and habitats. At present, such projects are typically selected based on their attributes as individual projects (e.g., consistency with programmatic goals of the funders, scientific soundness, and acceptance by local communities), and ease of implementation. Projects are rarely prioritized (at least explicitly) based on how they will cumulatively affect ecosystem function over coming decades. Such projections require an understanding of the form of the restoration response curve, or at least that we assume some plausible relations and estimate cumulative effects based thereon. Drawing on our experience with the CALFED Bay-Delta Ecosystem Restoration Program in California, we consider potential cumulative system-wide benefits of a restoration activity extensively implemented in the region: isolating/filling abandoned floodplain gravel pits captured by rivers to reduce predation of outmigrating juvenile salmon by exotic warmwater species inhabiting the pits. We present a simple spreadsheet model to show how different assumptions about gravel pit bathymetry and predator behavior would affect the cumulative benefits of multiple pit-filling and isolation projects, and how these insights could help managers prioritize which pits to fill.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1007/s00267-008-9162-y","usgsCitation":"Kondolf, G.M., Angermeier, P.L., Cummins, K., Dunne, T., Healey, M., Kimmerer, W., Moyle, P.B., Murphy, D., Patten, D., Railsback, S., Reed, D.J., Spies, R.B., and Twiss, R., 2008, Projecting cumulative benefits of multiple river restoration projects: an example from the Sacramento-San Joaquin River system in California: Environmental Management, v. 42, no. 6, p. 933-945, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-008-9162-y.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"933","endPage":"945","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-007035","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306722,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-San Joaquin River system","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.25585937500001,\n 40.772221877329024\n ],\n [\n -120.32226562500001,\n 38.556757147352215\n ],\n [\n -119.11376953125,\n 36.80048816579081\n ],\n [\n -119.520263671875,\n 36.31512514748051\n ],\n [\n -122.59643554687499,\n 37.727280276860036\n ],\n [\n -123.3984375,\n 40.38839687388361\n ],\n [\n -122.25585937500001,\n 40.772221877329024\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-09-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55cdbfbbe4b08400b1fe142b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kondolf, G. Mathias","contributorId":146516,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kondolf","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Mathias","affiliations":[{"id":13243,"text":"University of California Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Angermeier, Paul L. biota@usgs.gov","contributorId":1432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angermeier","given":"Paul","email":"biota@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":613,"text":"Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":567823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cummins, Kenneth","contributorId":146517,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cummins","given":"Kenneth","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7067,"text":"Humboldt State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dunne, Thomas","contributorId":146518,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dunne","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6710,"text":"University of California, Santa Barbara, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Healey, Michael","contributorId":146519,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Healey","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kimmerer, Wim","contributorId":26584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimmerer","given":"Wim","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Moyle, Peter B.","contributorId":117099,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moyle","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Murphy, Dennis","contributorId":15236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Dennis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Patten, Duncan","contributorId":146522,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Patten","given":"Duncan","affiliations":[{"id":13655,"text":"Montana State Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Railsback, Steve F.","contributorId":68449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Railsback","given":"Steve F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Reed, Denise J.","contributorId":71903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Denise","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Spies, Robert B.","contributorId":146523,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spies","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Twiss, Robert","contributorId":146524,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Twiss","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":97181,"text":"ds385 - 2008 - Ground-water quality data in the middle Sacramento Valley study unit, 2006— Results from the California GAMA program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-03T11:49:24.58475","indexId":"ds385","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"385","title":"Ground-water quality data in the middle Sacramento Valley study unit, 2006— Results from the California GAMA program","docAbstract":"Ground-water quality in the approximately 3,340 mi2 Middle Sacramento Valley study unit (MSACV) was investigated from June through September, 2006, as part of the California Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) program. The GAMA Priority Basin Assessment project was developed in response to the Groundwater Quality Monitoring Act of 2001 and is being conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB).
The Middle Sacramento Valley study was designed to provide a spatially unbiased assessment of raw ground-water quality within MSACV, as well as a statistically consistent basis for comparing water quality throughout California. Samples were collected from 108 wells in Butte, Colusa, Glenn, Sutter, Tehama, Yolo, and Yuba Counties. Seventy-one wells were selected using a randomized grid-based method to provide statistical representation of the study unit (grid wells), 15 wells were selected to evaluate changes in water chemistry along ground-water flow paths (flow-path wells), and 22 were shallow monitoring wells selected to assess the effects of rice agriculture, a major land use in the study unit, on ground-water chemistry (RICE wells).
The ground-water samples were analyzed for a large number of synthetic organic constituents (volatile organic compounds [VOCs], gasoline oxygenates and degradates, pesticides and pesticide degradates, and pharmaceutical compounds), constituents of special interest (perchlorate, N-nitrosodimethylamine [NDMA], and 1,2,3-trichloropropane [1,2,3-TCP]), inorganic constituents (nutrients, major and minor ions, and trace elements), radioactive constituents, and microbial indicators. Naturally occurring isotopes (tritium, and carbon-14, and stable isotopes of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon), and dissolved noble gases also were measured to help identify the sources and ages of the sampled ground water.
Quality-control samples (blanks, replicates, laboratory matrix spikes) were collected at approximately 10 percent of the wells, and the results for these samples were used to evaluate the quality of the data for the ground-water samples. Field blanks rarely contained detectable concentrations of any constituent, suggesting that contamination was not a noticeable source of bias in the data for the ground-water samples. Differences between replicate samples were within acceptable ranges, indicating acceptably low variability. Matrix spike recoveries were within acceptable ranges for most constituents.
This study did not attempt to evaluate the quality of water delivered to consumers; after withdrawal from the ground, water typically is treated, disinfected, or blended with other waters to maintain acceptable water quality. Regulatory thresholds apply to treated water that is served to the consumer, not to raw ground water. However, to provide some context for the results, concentrations of constituents measured in the raw ground water were compared with health-based thresholds established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and California Department of Public Health (CDPH) and thresholds established for aesthetic concerns (secondary maximum contaminant levels, SMCL-CA) by CDPH. Comparisons between data collected for this study and drinking-water thresholds are for illustrative purposes only and are not indicative of compliance or noncompliance with regulatory thresholds.
Most constituents that were detected in ground-water samples were found at concentrations below drinking-water thresholds. VOCs were detected in less than one-third and pesticides and pesticide degradates in just over one-half of the grid wells, and all detections of these constituents in samples from all wells of the MSACV study unit were below health-based thresholds. All detections of trace elements in samples from MSACV grid wells were below health-based thresholds, with the exceptions of arsenic and boron.
Arsenic concentrations were above the USEPA maximum contaminant level (MCL-US) threshold in eight grid wells, and boron concentrations were above the CDPH notification level (NL-CA) in two grid wells. Arsenic was detected above the MCL-US in two flow-path wells. Arsenic, barium, boron, molybdenum, strontium, and vanadium were detected above health-based thresholds in a few of the RICE wells; these wells are not used to supply drinking water. All detections of radioactive constituents were below health-based thresholds, although six samples had activities of radon-222 above the lower proposed MCL-US threshold. Most of the samples from the MSACV wells had concentrations of major elements, total dissolved solids, and trace elements below the non-enforceable thresholds set for aesthetic concerns. Chloride and sulfate concentrations exceeded SMCL-CA thresholds in two and one grid well, respectively. Iron, manganese, and total dissolved solids concentrations were above the SMCL-CA thresholds in 1, 12, and 6 grid wells, respectively. Nitrate (nitrite plus nitrate, as dissolved nitrogen) concentrations from two grid wells were above the MCL-US threshold. There were no detections of microbial indicators in MSACV.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds385","usgsCitation":"Schmitt, S., Fram, M.S., Milby Dawson, B.J., and Belitz, K., 2008, Ground-water quality data in the middle Sacramento Valley study unit, 2006— Results from the California GAMA program: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 385, x, 100 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds385.","productDescription":"x, 100 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195089,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12165,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/385/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":388812,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86258.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -125,32 ], [ -125,42 ], [ -114,42 ], [ -114,32 ], [ -125,32 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d589","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmitt, Stephen J.","contributorId":85283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"Stephen J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fram, Miranda S. 0000-0002-6337-059X mfram@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6337-059X","contributorId":1156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fram","given":"Miranda","email":"mfram@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Milby Dawson, Barbara J.","contributorId":57133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milby Dawson","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":97180,"text":"sir20085235 - 2008 - Flood of June 2008 in Southern Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:32","indexId":"sir20085235","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5235","title":"Flood of June 2008 in Southern Wisconsin","docAbstract":"In June 2008, heavy rain caused severe flooding across southern Wisconsin. The floods were aggravated by saturated soils that persisted from unusually wet antecedent conditions from a combination of floods in August 2007, more than 100 inches of snow in winter 2007-08, and moist conditions in spring 2008. The flooding caused immediate evacuations and road closures and prolonged, extensive damages and losses associated with agriculture, businesses, housing, public health and human needs, and infrastructure and transportation.\r\n\r\nRecord gage heights and streamflows occurred at 21 U.S. Geological Survey streamgages across southern Wisconsin from June 7 to June 21. Peak-gage-height data, peak-streamflow data, and flood probabilities are tabulated for 32 USGS streamgages in southern Wisconsin. Peak-gage-height and peak-streamflow data also are tabulated for three ungaged locations.\r\n\r\nExtensive flooding along the Baraboo River, Kickapoo River, Crawfish River, and Rock River caused particularly severe damages in nine communities and their surrounding areas: Reedsburg, Rock Springs, La Farge, Gays Mills, Milford, Jefferson, Fort Atkinson, Janesville, and Beloit. Flood-peak inundation maps and water-surface profiles were generated for the nine communities in a geographic information system by combining flood high-water marks with available 1-10-meter resolution digital-elevation-model data. The high-water marks used in the maps were a combination of those surveyed during the June flood by communities, counties, and Federal agencies and hundreds of additional marks surveyed in August by the USGS. The flood maps and profiles outline the extent and depth of flooding through the communities and are being used in ongoing (as of November 2008) flood response and recovery efforts by local, county, State, and Federal agencies.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085235","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Fitzpatrick, F.A., Peppler, M.C., Walker, J.F., Rose, W., Waschbusch, R.J., and Kennedy, J.L., 2008, Flood of June 2008 in Southern Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5235, Report: vi, 25 p.; Appendixes; Data Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085235.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 25 p.; Appendixes; Data Files","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-06-01","temporalEnd":"2008-06-30","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196223,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12164,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5235/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -91,42.333333333333336 ], [ -91,44.333333333333336 ], [ -88,44.333333333333336 ], [ -88,42.333333333333336 ], [ -91,42.333333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e7013","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fitzpatrick, Faith A. fafitzpa@usgs.gov","contributorId":1182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"Faith","email":"fafitzpa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":301271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peppler, Marie C. 0000-0002-1120-9673 mpeppler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1120-9673","contributorId":825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peppler","given":"Marie","email":"mpeppler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walker, John F. jfwalker@usgs.gov","contributorId":1081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"John","email":"jfwalker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rose, William J. wjrose@usgs.gov","contributorId":2182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"William J.","email":"wjrose@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":301273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Waschbusch, Robert J. 0000-0002-4069-0267 rjwaschb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4069-0267","contributorId":3447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waschbusch","given":"Robert","email":"rjwaschb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kennedy, James L. lkennedy@usgs.gov","contributorId":1385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"James","email":"lkennedy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70160335,"text":"70160335 - 2008 - Formulations for aircraft and airfield deicing and anti-icing: aquatic toxicity and biochemical oxygen demand","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-17T15:16:52","indexId":"70160335","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"title":"Formulations for aircraft and airfield deicing and anti-icing: aquatic toxicity and biochemical oxygen demand","docAbstract":"The Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) has sponsored research on environmental characteristics of aircraft and pavement deicers and anti-icers focusing primarily on biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and aquatic toxicity of formulated products and individual chemical components of formulations. This report presents a background of issues leading to this research, objectives of this document, and a description of the efforts and findings of this research.
\nExcept when the distinction among products is necessary for clarity, “deicer” will refer to aircraft-deicing fluids (ADFs), aircraft anti-icing fluids (AAFs), and pavement-deicing materials (PDMs) generally.
\nThe efforts of this project have included the following:
\nDeviations from model assumptions in the application of capture–recapture models to real life situations can introduce unknown bias. Understanding the type and magnitude of bias under these conditions is important to interpreting model results. In a robust design analysis of long-term photo-documented sighting histories of the endangered Florida manatee, I found high survival rates, high rates of non-random temporary emigration, significant time-dependence, and a diversity of factors affecting temporary emigration that made it difficult to model emigration in any meaningful fashion. Examination of the time-dependent survival estimates indicated a suspicious drop in survival rates near the end of the time series that persisted when the original capture histories were truncated and reanalyzed under a shorter time frame. Given the wide swings in manatee emigration estimates from year to year, a likely source of bias in survival was the convention to resolve confounding of the last survival probability in a time-dependent model with the last emigration probabilities by setting the last unmeasurable emigration probability equal to the previous year’s probability when the equality was actually false. Results of a series of simulations demonstrated that if the unmeasurable temporary emigration probabilities in the last time period were not accurately modeled, an estimation model with significant annual variation in survival probabilities and emigration probabilities produced bias in survival estimates at the end of the study or time series being explored. Furthermore, the bias propagated back in time beyond the last two time periods and the number of years affected varied positively with survival and emigration probabilities. Truncating the data to a shorter time frame and reanalyzing demonstrated that with additional years of data surviving temporary emigrants eventually return and are detected, thus in subsequent analysis unbiased estimates are eventually realized.
\nKnowing the extent and magnitude of the potential bias can help in making decisions as to what time frame provides the best estimates or the most reliable opportunity to model and test hypotheses about factors affecting survival probability. To assess bias, truncating the capture histories to shorter time frames and reanalyzing the data to compare time-specific estimates may help identify spurious effects. Running simulations that mimic the parameter values and movement conditions in the real situation can provide estimates of standardized bias that can be used to identify those annual estimates that are biased to the point where the 95% confidence intervals are inadequate in describing the uncertainty of the estimates.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Modeling demographic processes in marked populations","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-0-387-78151-8_34","usgsCitation":"Langtimm, C.A., 2008, Non-random temporary emigration and the robust design: Conditions for bias at the end of a time series: Section VIII, chap. of Modeling demographic processes in marked populations, v. 3, p. 745-761, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-78151-8_34.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"745","endPage":"761","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":316383,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b08fe1e4b010e2af2a5dee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langtimm, Catherine A. 0000-0001-8499-5743 clangtimm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8499-5743","contributorId":3045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langtimm","given":"Catherine","email":"clangtimm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70036910,"text":"70036910 - 2008 - Simulated response of water quality in public supply wells to land use change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T08:22:17","indexId":"70036910","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulated response of water quality in public supply wells to land use change","docAbstract":"Understanding how changes in land use affect water quality of public supply wells (PSW) is important because of the strong influence of land use on water quality, the rapid pace at which changes in land use are occurring in some parts of the world, and the large contribution of groundwater to the global water supply. In this study, groundwater flow models incorporating particle tracking and reaction were used to analyze the response of water quality in PSW to land use change in four communities: Modesto, California (Central Valley aquifer); York, Nebraska (High Plains aquifer); Woodbury, Connecticut (Glacial aquifer); and Tampa, Florida (Floridan aquifer). The water quality response to measured and hypothetical land use change was dependent on age distributions of water captured by the wells and on the temporal and spatial variability of land use in the area contributing recharge to the wells. Age distributions of water captured by the PSW spanned about 20 years at Woodbury and >1,000 years at Modesto and York, and the amount of water <50 years old captured by the PSW ranged from 30% at York to 100% at Woodbury. Short‐circuit pathways in some PSW contributing areas, such as long irrigation well screens that crossed multiple geologic layers (York) and karst conduits (Tampa), affected age distributions by allowing relatively rapid movement of young water to those well screens. The spatial component of land use change was important because the complex distribution of particle travel times within the contributing areas strongly influenced contaminant arrival times and degradation reaction progress. Results from this study show that timescales for change in the quality of water from PSW could be on the order of years to centuries for land use changes that occur over days to decades, which could have implications for source water protection strategies that rely on land use change to achieve water quality objectives.
Volcanic rocks containing natural zeolites — hydrated aluminosilicate minerals that contain alkaline and alkaline-earth metals — have been mined worldwide for more than 1,000 years for use as cements and building stone. For centuries, people thought natural zeolites occurred only in small amounts inside cavities of volcanic rock. But in the 1950s and early 1960s, large zeolite deposits were discovered in volcanic tuffs in the western United States and in marine tuffs in Italy and Japan. And since then, similar deposits have been found around the world, from Hungary to Cuba to New Zealand. The discovery of these larger deposits made commercial mining of natural zeolite possible.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGI","usgsCitation":"Virta, R.L., 2008, Mineral resource of the month: natural and synthetic zeolites : Geotimes, v. 53, no. 6, HTML Document.","productDescription":"HTML Document","ipdsId":"IP-058188","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330883,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":330882,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.geotimes.org/june08/article.html?id=nn_zeolites.html"}],"volume":"53","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"582443f7e4b09065cdf3055f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Virta, Robert L. rvirta@usgs.gov","contributorId":395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Virta","given":"Robert","email":"rvirta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70156401,"text":"70156401 - 2008 - Factors affecting road mortality of white-tailed deer in eastern South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T12:47:37","indexId":"70156401","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3918,"text":"Human-Wildlife Conflicts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors affecting road mortality of white-tailed deer in eastern South Dakota","docAbstract":"White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) mortalities (n = 4,433) caused by collisions with automobiles during 2003 were modeled in 35 counties in eastern South Dakota. Seventeen independent variables and 5 independent variable interactions were evaluated to explain deer mortalities. A negative binomial regression model (Ln Y = 1.25 – 0.12 [percentage tree coverage] + 0.0002 [county area] + 5.39 [county hunter success rate] + 0.0023 [vehicle proxy 96–104 km/hr roads], model deviance = 33.43, χ2 = 27.53, df = 27) was chosen using a combination of a priori model selection and AICc. Management options include use of the model to predict road mortalities and to increase the number of hunting licenses, which could result in fewer DVCs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Jack H. Berryman Institute","usgsCitation":"Grovenburg, T.W., Jenks, J., Klaver, R.W., Monteith, K.L., Galster, D.H., Schauer, R.J., Morlock, W.W., and Delger, J.A., 2008, Factors affecting road mortality of white-tailed deer in eastern South Dakota: Human-Wildlife Conflicts, v. 2, no. 1, p. 48-59.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"48","endPage":"59","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308188,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -99.97558593749999,\n 42.391008609205045\n ],\n [\n -99.97558593749999,\n 45.9511496866914\n ],\n [\n -96.39404296875,\n 45.9511496866914\n ],\n [\n -96.39404296875,\n 42.391008609205045\n ],\n [\n -99.97558593749999,\n 42.391008609205045\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55fa92b9e4b05d6c4e501a86","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grovenburg, Troy W.","contributorId":57712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grovenburg","given":"Troy","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jenks, Jonathan A.","contributorId":51591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenks","given":"Jonathan A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klaver, Robert W. 0000-0002-3263-9701 bklaver@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3263-9701","contributorId":3285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaver","given":"Robert","email":"bklaver@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":572483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Monteith, Kevin L.","contributorId":83400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monteith","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Galster, Dwight H.","contributorId":147730,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Galster","given":"Dwight","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":5089,"text":"South Dakota State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":572485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schauer, Ron J.","contributorId":147731,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schauer","given":"Ron","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Morlock, Wilbert W.","contributorId":147732,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morlock","given":"Wilbert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Delger, Joshua A.","contributorId":147733,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Delger","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5089,"text":"South Dakota State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":572488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70192210,"text":"70192210 - 2008 - Challenges to building a disaster-resilient nation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-01T15:22:13","indexId":"70192210","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5574,"text":"Science News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Challenges to building a disaster-resilient nation","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Science & the Public ","doi":"10.1002/scin.2008.5591731925","usgsCitation":"Applegate, D., 2008, Challenges to building a disaster-resilient nation: Science News, v. 173, no. 19, p. 32-32, https://doi.org/10.1002/scin.2008.5591731925.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"32","endPage":"32","ipdsId":"IP-006155","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349644,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"173","issue":"19","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-09-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a610f69e4b06e28e9c257cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Applegate, David 0000-0001-5570-3449 applegate@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5570-3449","contributorId":263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Applegate","given":"David","email":"applegate@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}