An isobaric flow loop added to the Gas Hydrate And Sediment Test Laboratory Instrument (GHASTLI) is being investigated as a means of rapidly forming methane hydrate in watersaturated sand from methane dissolved in water. Water circulates through a relatively warm source chamber, dissolving granular methane hydrate that was pre-made from seed ice, then enters a colder hydrate growth chamber where hydrate can precipitate in a water-saturated sand pack. Hydrate dissolution in the source chamber imparts a known methane concentration to the circulating water, and hydrate particles from the source chamber entrained in the circulating water can become nucleation sites to hasten the onset of hydrate formation in the growth chamber. Initial results suggest hydrate grows rapidly near the growth chamber inlet. Techniques for establishing homogeneous hydrate formation throughout the sand pack are being developed.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Gas Hydrates (ICGH 2008)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"6th International Conference on Gas Hydrates (ICGH 2008)","conferenceDate":"July 6-10, 2008","conferenceLocation":"Vancouver, CA","language":"English","publisher":"University Of British Columbia Library","usgsCitation":"Waite, W., Osegovic, J., Winters, W.J., Max, M., and Mason, D.H., 2008, Seeding hydrate formation in water-saturated sand with dissolved-phase methane obtained from hydrate dissolution: A progress report, in Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Gas Hydrates (ICGH 2008), Vancouver, CA, July 6-10, 2008, p. 1-9.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"9","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350779,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a719271e4b0a9a2e9dbde2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waite, William F. 0000-0002-9436-4109 wwaite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9436-4109","contributorId":625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"William F.","email":"wwaite@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":726149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Osegovic, J.P.","contributorId":201510,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Osegovic","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Winters, William J. bwinters@usgs.gov","contributorId":522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winters","given":"William","email":"bwinters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":726151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Max, M.D.","contributorId":17366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Max","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mason, David H. dmason@usgs.gov","contributorId":624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"David","email":"dmason@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":726153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70185926,"text":"70185926 - 2008 - Range expansion of the Mayan cichlid, cichlasoma urophthalmus (pisces, cichlidae), above 28°N in Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-17T08:57:17","indexId":"70185926","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1672,"text":"Florida Scientist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Range expansion of the Mayan cichlid, cichlasoma urophthalmus (pisces, cichlidae), above 28°N in Florida","docAbstract":"Introduced exotic species are a well-recognized problem in Florida's subtropical ecosystems. The presence of the exotic Mayan cichlid (Cichlasoma urophthalmus) was first confirmed in Florida in 1983, when numerous individuals were found in the northeastern Florida Bay. Since then, this species has continued to expand its range northward. The capture, beginning in October 2004 to present, of large numbers of Mayan cichlids from central Florida's east- and west-coast mangrove systems north of 28°N latitude is documented here. Mayan cichlids in a wide range of sizes (estimated ages 0-7 years) at both east- and west-coast sites were collected. In addition, macroscopic examination of gonads showed the presence of developing eggs. The occurrence of multiple age-classes, maturing individuals, cichlid nests, and juveniles, plus repeated collections over a four-year period, indicates that the Mayan cichlid is successfully reproducing and surviving the average winter temperatures in some estuarine waters in central Florida.
","language":"English","publisher":"Florida Academy of Sciences","usgsCitation":"Paperno, R., Ruiz-Carus, R., Krebs, J., and McIvor, C., 2008, Range expansion of the Mayan cichlid, cichlasoma urophthalmus (pisces, cichlidae), above 28°N in Florida: Florida Scientist, v. 71, no. 4, p. 293-304.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"293","endPage":"304","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338678,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":338668,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/24321474"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.7764892578125,\n 28.105903469076186\n ],\n [\n -80.5902099609375,\n 28.188243641850313\n ],\n [\n -80.57373046875,\n 28.73394733840369\n ],\n [\n -81.221923828125,\n 29.897805610155874\n ],\n [\n -81.3812255859375,\n 30.38709188778112\n ],\n [\n -81.40869140625,\n 30.704058230919504\n ],\n [\n -81.990966796875,\n 30.826780904779774\n ],\n [\n -82.034912109375,\n 30.4297295750316\n ],\n [\n -82.2216796875,\n 30.590637026892917\n ],\n [\n -84.8583984375,\n 30.798474179567823\n ],\n [\n -84.990234375,\n 31.043521630684204\n ],\n [\n -87.62695312499999,\n 31.024694128525137\n ],\n [\n -87.42919921875,\n 30.278044377800153\n ],\n [\n -86.572265625,\n 30.363396239603716\n ],\n [\n -85.5615234375,\n 29.92637417863576\n ],\n [\n -85.40771484375,\n 29.53522956294847\n ],\n [\n -84.57275390625,\n 29.783449456820605\n ],\n [\n -84.22119140625,\n 29.945415337104453\n ],\n [\n -83.78173828125,\n 29.897805610155874\n ],\n [\n -83.3203125,\n 29.38217507514529\n ],\n [\n -82.891845703125,\n 28.9120147012556\n ],\n [\n -82.81494140625,\n 28.401064827220896\n ],\n [\n -82.7764892578125,\n 28.105903469076186\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"71","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58dcc7d6e4b02ff32c68567b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paperno, R.","contributorId":190066,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paperno","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruiz-Carus, R.","contributorId":190069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruiz-Carus","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krebs, J.M.","contributorId":6258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krebs","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McIvor, C.C.","contributorId":38104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIvor","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70184302,"text":"70184302 - 2008 - Slowing of coastal subsidence is good news for restoration of Louisiana's wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-07T09:19:38","indexId":"70184302","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3431,"text":"Sound Waves: Coastal science and research news from across the USGS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Slowing of coastal subsidence is good news for restoration of Louisiana's wetlands","docAbstract":"Every year, volunteers use thousands of discarded Christmas trees to build brush fences in the coastal waters of Louisiana. The fences slow down waves and trap sediment, allowing aquatic vegetation to take root in the still water and stimulating the growth of new marsh. This is one of many efforts to counteract wetland loss (the loss of saline, brackish, intermediate, and freshwater marshes) that has plagued coastal Louisiana since the mid-20th century. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists recently announced good news for Louisiana's coastal-restoration projects: using a combination of historical and recently released data, they discovered that subsidence of coastal land in the Mississippi River delta plain appears to have slowed considerably since the 1990s. This discovery means that new marshlands created by the Christmas tree program and other restoration projects may persist—that is, stay above sea level—longer than previously thought.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Cimitile, M., and Gibbons, H., 2008, Slowing of coastal subsidence is good news for restoration of Louisiana's wetlands: Sound Waves: Coastal science and research news from across the USGS, HTML document.","productDescription":"HTML document","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336924,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":336923,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://soundwaves.usgs.gov/2008/10/research.html","text":"Document","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"Document"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.834228515625,\n 29.707139348134145\n ],\n [\n -93.22998046875,\n 29.707139348134145\n ],\n [\n -93.22998046875,\n 30.12612436422458\n ],\n [\n -93.834228515625,\n 30.12612436422458\n ],\n [\n -93.834228515625,\n 29.707139348134145\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.52734374999999,\n 29.05616970274342\n ],\n [\n -89.835205078125,\n 29.05616970274342\n ],\n [\n -89.835205078125,\n 29.640320395351402\n ],\n [\n -90.52734374999999,\n 29.640320395351402\n ],\n [\n -90.52734374999999,\n 29.05616970274342\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58bfd4f8e4b014cc3a3ba4e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cimitile, Matthew","contributorId":50276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cimitile","given":"Matthew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gibbons, Helen hgibbons@usgs.gov","contributorId":912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibbons","given":"Helen","email":"hgibbons@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":680908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70197911,"text":"70197911 - 2008 - Coral and crustose coralline algae disease on the reefs of American Samoa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-26T12:38:19","indexId":"70197911","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Coral and crustose coralline algae disease on the reefs of American Samoa","docAbstract":"Surveys for lesions in corals were conducted at seven sites around Tutuila in June 2004 and January 2005. The objectives of the study were to document the distribution and prevalence of disease in the major genera of corals and crustose coralline algae, systematically describe gross and microscopic morphology of lesions in reef corals and determine whether there are seasonal differences in prevalence of disease. We documented 12 different coral disease states from the reefs of Tutuila and two diseases of crustose coralline algae (CCA). Acropora white syndrome, Acropora growth anomalies and coralline lethal orange disease were the most common diseases on the reefs of Tutuila. No seasonal differences were found in overall prevalence of coral or abundance of CCA disease. Histological analyses of coral lesions revealed that microscopic changes in tissues can be used to distinguish tissue loss due to trauma from changes due to disease, detect micro-organisms associated with certain types of discolorations and found that hyperplasia of the basal body wall was the hallmark microscopic appearance of Acropora growth anomalies regardless of gross morphology of tumors.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"11th International Coral Reef Symposium","conferenceDate":"July 7-11, 2008","conferenceLocation":" Ft. Lauderdale, FL","language":"English","publisher":"National Coral Reef Institute ","usgsCitation":"Aeby, G., Work, T.M., Fenner, D., and DiDonato, E., 2008, Coral and crustose coralline algae disease on the reefs of American Samoa, 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, July 7-11, 2008, p. 197-201.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"197","endPage":"201","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355352,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.reefbase.org/resource_center/publication/icrs.aspx?icrs=ICRS11"},{"id":355353,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b4708e8e4b060350a164fe9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aeby, G.","contributorId":7246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aeby","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":739035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Work, Thierry M. 0000-0002-4426-9090 thierry_work@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4426-9090","contributorId":1187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Work","given":"Thierry","email":"thierry_work@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":739036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fenner, D.","contributorId":100511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fenner","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":739037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DiDonato, Eva","contributorId":149907,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DiDonato","given":"Eva","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6924,"text":"National Park Service, Upper Columbia Basin Network","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":739038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70197913,"text":"70197913 - 2008 - A coral disease handbook: Guidelines for assessment, monitoring, and management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-26T12:58:37","indexId":"70197913","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"A coral disease handbook: Guidelines for assessment, monitoring, and management","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"A coral disease handbook: Guidelines for assessment, monitoring, and management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":13,"text":"Handbook"},"language":"English","publisher":"Coral Reef Targeted Research and Capacity Building For Management Program","publisherLocation":"St. Lucia","usgsCitation":"Raymundo, L., Work, T.M., Bruckner, A., and Willis, B., 2008, A coral disease handbook: Guidelines for assessment, monitoring, and management, chap. of A coral disease handbook: Guidelines for assessment, monitoring, and management, p. 17-32.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"32","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355355,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b4708e7e4b060350a164fe5","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Raymundo, L.","contributorId":77777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raymundo","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":739079,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Couch, C. A.","contributorId":36972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Couch","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":739080,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harvell, C. D.","contributorId":103903,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harvell","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":739081,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Raymundo, L.","contributorId":77777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raymundo","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":739076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Work, Thierry M. 0000-0002-4426-9090 thierry_work@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4426-9090","contributorId":1187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Work","given":"Thierry","email":"thierry_work@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":739075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bruckner, A.W.","contributorId":75044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bruckner","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":739077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Willis, B.","contributorId":205987,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Willis","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":739078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70195032,"text":"70195032 - 2008 - Scientific objectives of the Gulf of Mexico gas hydrate JIP leg II drilling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-05T14:32:43","indexId":"70195032","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Scientific objectives of the Gulf of Mexico gas hydrate JIP leg II drilling","docAbstract":"The Gulf of Mexico Methane Hydrate Joint Industry Project (JIP) has been performing research on marine gas hydrates since 2001 and is sponsored by both the JIP members and the U.S. Department of Energy. In 2005, the JIP drilled the Atwater Valley and Keathley Canyon exploration blocks in the Gulf of Mexico to acquire downhole logs and recover cores in silt- and clay-dominated sediments interpreted to contain gas hydrate based on analysis of existing 3-D seismic data prior to drilling. The new 2007-2009 phase of logging and coring, which is described in this paper, will concentrate on gas hydrate-bearing sands in the Alaminos Canyon, Green Canyon, and Walker Ridge protraction areas. Locations were selected to target higher permeability, coarser-grained lithologies (e.g., sands) that have the potential for hosting high saturations of gas hydrate and to assist the U.S. Minerals Management Service with its assessment of gas hydrate resources in the Gulf of Mexico.
This paper discusses the scientific objectives for drilling during the upcoming campaign and presents the results from analyzing existing seismic and well log data as part of the site selection process. Alaminos Canyon 818 has the most complete data set of the selected blocks, with both seismic data and comprehensive downhole log data consistent with the occurrence of gas hydrate-bearing sands. Preliminary analyses suggest that the Frio sandstone just above the base of the gas hydrate stability zone may have up to 80% of the available sediment pore space occupied by gas hydrate.
The proposed sites in the Green Canyon and Walker Ridge areas are also interpreted to have gas hydrate-bearing sands near the base of the gas hydrate stability zone, but the choice of specific drill sites is not yet complete. The Green Canyon site coincides with a 4-way closure within a Pleistocene sand unit in an area of strong gas flux just south of the Sigsbee Escarpment. The Walker Ridge site is characterized by a sand-prone sedimentary section that rises stratigraphically across the base of the gas hydrate stability zone and that has seismic indicators of gas hydrate.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Offshore Technology Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"Offshore Technology Conference","conferenceDate":"May 5-8, 2008","conferenceLocation":"Houston, TX","language":"English","publisher":"Offshore Technology Conference","doi":"10.4043/19501-MS","usgsCitation":"Jones, E., Latham, T., McConnell, D.R., Frye, M., Hunt, J., Shedd, W., Shelander, D., Boswell, R., Rose, K.K., Ruppel, C.D., Hutchinson, D.R., Collett, T.S., Dugan, B., and Wood, W.T., 2008, Scientific objectives of the Gulf of Mexico gas hydrate JIP leg II drilling, in Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, TX, May 5-8, 2008, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.4043/19501-MS.","productDescription":"10 p.","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science 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Dianna","contributorId":40463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelander","given":"Dianna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Boswell, Ray","contributorId":12307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boswell","given":"Ray","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Rose, Kelly K.","contributorId":82452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"Kelly","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Ruppel, Carolyn D. 0000-0003-2284-6632 cruppel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2284-6632","contributorId":195778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppel","given":"Carolyn","email":"cruppel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":726672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Dugan, Brandon","contributorId":10213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugan","given":"Brandon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Wood, Warren T.","contributorId":147725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wood","given":"Warren","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":16915,"text":"Marine Geosciences Division, Naval Research Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":726674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70190784,"text":"70190784 - 2008 - Submarine landslide as the source for the October 11, 1918 Mona Passage tsunami: Observations and modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-09T13:06:46","indexId":"70190784","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Submarine landslide as the source for the October 11, 1918 Mona Passage tsunami: Observations and modeling","docAbstract":"The October 11, 1918 ML 7.5 earthquake in the Mona Passage between Hispaniola \nand Puerto Rico generated a local tsunami that claimed approximately 100 lives \nalong the western coast of Puerto Rico. The area affected by this tsunami is \nnow significantly more populated. Newly acquired high-resolution bathymetry \nand seismic reflection lines in the Mona Passage show a fresh submarine landslide \n15 km northwest of Rinćon in northwestern Puerto Rico and in the vicinity of \nthe first published earthquake epicenter. The landslide area is approximately \n76 km2 and probably displaced a total volume of 10 km3. The landslide's headscarp \nis at a water depth of 1200 m, with the debris flow extending to a water depth \nof 4200 m.\n\nSubmarine telegraph cables were reported cut by a landslide in this area \nfollowing the earthquake, further suggesting that the landslide was the result \nof the October 11, 1918 earthquake. On the other hand, the location of the \npreviously suggested source of the 1918 tsunami, a normal fault along the east \nwall of Mona Rift, does not show recent seafloor rupture. Using the extended, \nweakly non-linear hydrodynamic equations implemented in the program COULWAVE, \nwe modeled the tsunami as generated by a landslide with a duration of 325 s \n(corresponding to an average speed of ~ 27 m/s) and with the observed dimensions \nand location. Calculated marigrams show a leading depression wave followed by a \nmaximum positive amplitude in agreement with the reported polarity, relative \namplitudes, and arrival times.\n\nOur results suggest this newly-identified landslide, which was likely triggered \nby the 1918 earthquake, was the primary cause of the October 11, 1918 tsunami \nand not the earthquake itself. Results from this study should be useful to help \ndiscern poorly constrained tsunami sources in other case studies.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2008.05.001","usgsCitation":"López-Venegas, A., ten Brink, U., and Geist, E.L., 2008, Submarine landslide as the source for the October 11, 1918 Mona Passage tsunami: Observations and modeling: Marine Geology, v. 254, no. 1-2, p. 35-46, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2008.05.001.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"46","ipdsId":"IP-005797","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476564,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/2422","text":"External Repository"},{"id":345719,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Puerto Rico","otherGeospatial":"Mona Passage","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.91650390625,\n 15.771109173575294\n ],\n [\n -64.84130859375,\n 15.771109173575294\n ],\n [\n -64.84130859375,\n 21.268899719967695\n ],\n [\n -71.91650390625,\n 21.268899719967695\n ],\n [\n -71.91650390625,\n 15.771109173575294\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"254","issue":"1-2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59bb952ee4b091459a578187","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"López-Venegas, A.M.","contributorId":196459,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"López-Venegas","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":710386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Geist, Eric L. 0000-0003-0611-1150 egeist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0611-1150","contributorId":1956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geist","given":"Eric","email":"egeist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":710385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70195812,"text":"70195812 - 2008 - Bedrock structural controls on the occurrence of sinkholes and springs in the Northern Great Valley Karst, Virginia and West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-06T13:52:08","indexId":"70195812","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Bedrock structural controls on the occurrence of sinkholes and springs in the Northern Great Valley Karst, Virginia and West Virginia","docAbstract":"Recent geologic mapping at a scale of 1:24,000 has enabled a qualitative correlation of the occurrence of springs and sinkholes with bedrock structures and ground-water conditions in the northern Great Valley of Virginia and West Virginia. Sinkholes tend to be concentrated in zones of faulting, local minor folding, and clustered within susceptible bedrock units at the noses and axes of large plunging folds. Alignment of sinkholes mainly occurs along strike of bedding. Enhanced rock solution and conduit formation correlates with carbonate units of greater limestone purity and finer grain size, suggesting some lithologic control on karst formation. In addition, there is an apparent topographic correlation, with sinkholes usually formed in elevated and flat (<5 degrees slope) areas, as well as frequent sinkhole occurrence proximal to entrenched surface streams. Density of sinkhole occurrence tends to increase in areas where water-table fluctuations are large. Large perennial springs occur along faults, and may lie above base level streams indicating upward flow gradients particularly where cross-strike faults and joints intersect bedding planes and strike-parallel faults. Sinkhole formation also frequently occurs in areas proximal to entrenched surface streams, reflecting subsequent vadose-zone modification and excavation of sediment-filled conduits where downward ground-water flow gradients are most steep. Geologic evidence indicates that deep karst development may have taken place by rising fluids under confined (hypogenic) conditions in the distant geologic past in this region.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sinkholes and the Engineering and Environmental Impacts of Karst","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"11th Multidisciplinary Conference on Sinkholes and the Engineering and Environmental Impacts of Karst","conferenceDate":"September 22-26, 2008","conferenceLocation":"Tallahassee, FL","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/9780784410035","usgsCitation":"Doctor, D.H., Weary, D.J., Orndorff, R.C., Harlow, G., Kozar, M.D., and Nelms, D.L., 2008, Bedrock structural controls on the occurrence of sinkholes and springs in the Northern Great Valley Karst, Virginia and West Virginia, in Sinkholes and the Engineering and Environmental Impacts of Karst, Tallahassee, FL, September 22-26, 2008, p. 12-22, https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784410035.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"12","endPage":"22","ipdsId":"IP-007092","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352188,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia, West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Great Valley","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff72e3e4b0da30c1bfe589","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doctor, Daniel H. 0000-0002-8338-9722 dhdoctor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8338-9722","contributorId":2037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doctor","given":"Daniel","email":"dhdoctor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weary, David J. 0000-0002-6115-6397 dweary@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6115-6397","contributorId":545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weary","given":"David","email":"dweary@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Orndorff, Randall C. 0000-0002-8956-5803 rorndorf@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8956-5803","contributorId":2739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orndorff","given":"Randall","email":"rorndorf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harlow, George E. Jr. geharlow@usgs.gov","contributorId":383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harlow","given":"George E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"geharlow@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":730018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kozar, Mark D. 0000-0001-7755-7657 mdkozar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7755-7657","contributorId":1963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kozar","given":"Mark","email":"mdkozar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nelms, David L. 0000-0001-5747-642X dlnelms@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5747-642X","contributorId":1892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelms","given":"David","email":"dlnelms@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37759,"text":"VA/WV Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70190783,"text":"70190783 - 2008 - Site selection for DOE/JIP gas hydrate drilling in the northern Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-28T14:04:37.240785","indexId":"70190783","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Site selection for DOE/JIP gas hydrate drilling in the northern Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"In the late spring of 2008, the Chevron-led Gulf of Mexico Gas Hydrate Joint Industry Project (JIP) expects to conduct an exploratory drilling and logging campaign to better understand gas hydrate-bearing sands in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico. The JIP Site Selection team selected three areas to test alternative geological models and geophysical interpretations supporting the existence of potential high gas hydrate saturations in reservoir-quality sands. The three sites are near existing drill holes which provide geological and geophysical constraints in Alaminos Canyon (AC) lease block 818, Green Canyon (GC) 955, and Walker Ridge (WR) 313. At the AC818 site, gas hydrate is interpreted to occur within the Oligocene Frio volcaniclastic sand at the crest of a fold that is shallow enough to be in the hydrate stability zone. Drilling at GC955 will sample a faulted, buried Pleistocene channel-levee system in an area characterized by seafloor fluid expulsion features, structural closure associated with uplifted salt, and abundant seismic evidence for upward migration of fluids and gas into the sand-rich parts of the sedimentary section. Drilling at WR313 targets ponded sheet sands and associated channel/levee deposits within a minibasin, making this a non-structural play. The potential for gas hydrate occurrence at WR313 is supported by shingled phase reversals consistent with the transition from gas-charged sand to overlying gas-hydrate saturated sand. Drilling locations have been selected at each site to 1) test geological methods and models used to infer the occurrence of gas hydrate in sand reservoirs in different settings in the northern Gulf of Mexico; 2) calibrate geophysical models used to detect gas hydrate sands, map reservoir thicknesses, and estimate the degree of gas hydrate saturation; and 3) delineate potential locations for subsequent JIP drilling and coring operations that will collect samples for comprehensive physical property, geochemical and other analyses
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Gas Hydrates (ICGH 2008)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"6th International Conference on Gas Hydrates","conferenceDate":"July 6-10, 2008","conferenceLocation":"Vancouver, British Columbia","language":"English","publisher":"University of British Columbia","publisherLocation":"Vancouver, BC Canada","doi":"10.14288/1.0041022","usgsCitation":"Hutchinson, D., Shelander, D., Dai, J., McConnell, D., Shedd, W., Frye, M., Ruppel, C.D., Boswell, R., Jones, E., Collett, T.S., Rose, K.K., Dugan, B., and Wood, W.T., 2008, Site selection for DOE/JIP gas hydrate drilling in the northern Gulf of Mexico, in Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Gas Hydrates (ICGH 2008), Vancouver, British Columbia, July 6-10, 2008, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.14288/1.0041022.","productDescription":"12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-005833","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345720,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -101.337890625,\n 23.483400654325642\n ],\n [\n -80.8154296875,\n 23.483400654325642\n ],\n [\n -80.8154296875,\n 34.161818161230386\n ],\n [\n -101.337890625,\n 34.161818161230386\n ],\n [\n -101.337890625,\n 23.483400654325642\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59bb952fe4b091459a57818a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hutchinson, Deborah 0000-0002-2544-5466 dhutchinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2544-5466","contributorId":174836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"Deborah","email":"dhutchinson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":710377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shelander, Dianna","contributorId":40463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelander","given":"Dianna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dai, J.","contributorId":21781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dai","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McConnell, D.","contributorId":47166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McConnell","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shedd, William","contributorId":13851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shedd","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Frye, Matthew","contributorId":48428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frye","given":"Matthew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ruppel, Carolyn D. 0000-0003-2284-6632 cruppel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2284-6632","contributorId":195778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppel","given":"Carolyn","email":"cruppel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science 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Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":710399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70184373,"text":"70184373 - 2008 - Reef geology and biology of Navassa Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-08T11:12:17","indexId":"70184373","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Reef geology and biology of Navassa Island","docAbstract":"Navassa is a small oceanic island (5.2km2 in size) located ~30km west of the southwest tip of Haiti, 160km south of the US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, and in the heart of the Windward Passage. Navassa was claimed in 1856 by the United States. Navassa has also been claimed by Haiti since its independence in 1825 and, prior to that, was considered part of colonial Haitian territory. The current Haitian constitution (1987) claims Navassa by name as Haitian territory (Wiener 2005). This disputed sovereignty is a basis of much resource management challenge.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coral reefs of the USA","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","usgsCitation":"Miller, M.W., Halley, R., and Gleason, A.C., 2008, Reef geology and biology of Navassa Island, chap. of Coral reefs of the USA, v. 1, p. 407-433.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"407","endPage":"433","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337041,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337040,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.springer.com/us/book/9781402068461"}],"otherGeospatial":"Navassa Island","volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c1263ce4b014cc3a3d34a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Margaret W.","contributorId":107620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Margaret","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Halley, Robert B.","contributorId":76244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halley","given":"Robert B.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":681225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gleason, Arthur C.R.","contributorId":187662,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gleason","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"C.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70184309,"text":"70184309 - 2008 - Observations and a model of undertow over the inner continental shelf","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-07T10:55:02","indexId":"70184309","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2426,"text":"Journal of Physical Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observations and a model of undertow over the inner continental shelf","docAbstract":"Onshore volume transport (Stokes drift) due to surface gravity waves propagating toward the beach can result in a compensating Eulerian offshore flow in the surf zone referred to as undertow. Observed offshore flows indicate that wave-driven undertow extends well offshore of the surf zone, over the inner shelves of Martha’s Vineyard, Massachusetts, and North Carolina. Theoretical estimates of the wave-driven offshore transport from linear wave theory and observed wave characteristics account for 50% or more of the observed offshore transport variance in water depths between 5 and 12 m, and reproduce the observed dependence on wave height and water depth.
During weak winds, wave-driven cross-shelf velocity profiles over the inner shelf have maximum offshore flow (1–6 cm s−1) and vertical shear near the surface and weak flow and shear in the lower half of the water column. The observed offshore flow profiles do not resemble the parabolic profiles with maximum flow at middepth observed within the surf zone. Instead, the vertical structure is similar to the Stokes drift velocity profile but with the opposite direction. This vertical structure is consistent with a dynamical balance between the Coriolis force associated with the offshore flow and an along-shelf “Hasselmann wave stress” due to the influence of the earth’s rotation on surface gravity waves. The close agreement between the observed and modeled profiles provides compelling evidence for the importance of the Hasselmann wave stress in forcing oceanic flows. Summer profiles are more vertically sheared than either winter profiles or model profiles, for reasons that remain unclear.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/2008JPO3986.1","usgsCitation":"Lentz, S.J., Fewings, M., Howd, P., Fredericks, J., and Hathaway, K., 2008, Observations and a model of undertow over the inner continental shelf: Journal of Physical Oceanography, v. 38, p. 2341-2357, https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JPO3986.1.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"2341","endPage":"2357","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476572,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/2008jpo3986.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":336937,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts, North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Martha's Vineyard","volume":"38","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58bfd4f8e4b014cc3a3ba4dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lentz, Steven J.","contributorId":41687,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lentz","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6706,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":680937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fewings, Melanie","contributorId":187567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fewings","given":"Melanie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":680938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Howd, Peter","contributorId":47310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howd","given":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fredericks, Janet","contributorId":187568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fredericks","given":"Janet","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":680940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hathaway, Kent","contributorId":187569,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hathaway","given":"Kent","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70184308,"text":"70184308 - 2008 - Coral reefs, present and past, on the west Florida shelf and platform margin: Chapter 4","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-07T10:39:09","indexId":"70184308","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Coral reefs, present and past, on the west Florida shelf and platform margin: Chapter 4","docAbstract":"This paper summarizes the geomorphic variability of these different reef types, their geologic setting, and the present coral-reef biological community. The paper is organized along a virtual depth transect by presenting different reef settings and types starting from the shallower mid-shelf or mid-ramp setting, moving to the shelf edge, and then to the deeper upper slope.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coral reefs of the USA","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","usgsCitation":"Hine, A.C., Halley, R., Locker, S., Jarrett, B.D., Jaap, W.C., Mallinson, D., Ciembronowicz, K.T., Ogden, N.B., Donahue, B., and Naar, D., 2008, Coral reefs, present and past, on the west Florida shelf and platform margin: Chapter 4, chap. of Coral reefs of the USA, v. 1, p. 127-173.","productDescription":"47 p.","startPage":"127","endPage":"173","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336934,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":336932,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.springer.com/us/book/9781402068461"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"West Florida Shelf","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.30859375,\n 29.592565403314087\n ],\n [\n -86.98974609375,\n 29.132970130878636\n ],\n [\n -86.85791015625,\n 28.420391085674304\n ],\n [\n -86.17675781249999,\n 27.800209937418252\n ],\n [\n -86.0888671875,\n 27.00040800352175\n ],\n [\n -85.166015625,\n 25.005972656239187\n ],\n [\n -83.95751953125,\n 24.186847428521244\n ],\n [\n -82.880859375,\n 24.146753594703075\n ],\n [\n -82.37548828125,\n 24.387127324604496\n ],\n [\n -81.62841796875,\n 24.766784522874453\n ],\n [\n -81.474609375,\n 25.304303764403617\n ],\n [\n -81.7822265625,\n 25.70093788144426\n ],\n [\n -82.19970703125,\n 26.09625490696853\n ],\n [\n -82.37548828125,\n 26.470573022375085\n ],\n [\n -82.50732421875,\n 26.745610382199022\n ],\n [\n -82.63916015625,\n 27.176469131898898\n ],\n [\n -82.705078125,\n 27.391278222579277\n ],\n [\n -82.9248046875,\n 27.800209937418252\n ],\n [\n -82.96875,\n 28.168875180063345\n ],\n [\n -82.94677734375,\n 28.69058765425071\n ],\n [\n -83.056640625,\n 29.017748018496047\n ],\n [\n -83.56201171875,\n 29.420460341013133\n ],\n [\n -84.35302734375,\n 29.6880527498568\n ],\n [\n -84.88037109375,\n 29.38217507514529\n ],\n [\n -85.78125,\n 29.36302703778376\n ],\n [\n -86.30859375,\n 29.592565403314087\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58bfd4f8e4b014cc3a3ba4e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hine, Albert C.","contributorId":87580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hine","given":"Albert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Halley, Robert B.","contributorId":45692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halley","given":"Robert B.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":680928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Locker, Stanley D. 0000-0002-8008-0279 slocker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8008-0279","contributorId":177045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Locker","given":"Stanley D.","email":"slocker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":680929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jarrett, B. D.","contributorId":27254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarrett","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jaap, Walter C.","contributorId":74992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaap","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mallinson, David J.","contributorId":74222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mallinson","given":"David J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ciembronowicz, Katherine T.","contributorId":89627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ciembronowicz","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ogden, Nancy B.","contributorId":187566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ogden","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Donahue, Brian","contributorId":22951,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donahue","given":"Brian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7149,"text":"College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":680935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Naar, David","contributorId":97393,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Naar","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7149,"text":"College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":680936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70194261,"text":"70194261 - 2008 - A note on the effect of wind waves on vertical mixing in Franks Tract, Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T08:20:16","indexId":"70194261","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3331,"text":"San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A note on the effect of wind waves on vertical mixing in Franks Tract, Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, USA","docAbstract":"A one-dimensional numerical model that simulates the effects of whitecapping waves was used to investigate the importance of whitecapping waves to vertical mixing at a 3-meter-deep site in Franks Tract in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta over an 11-day period. Locally-generated waves of mean period approximately 2 s were generated under strong wind conditions; significant wave heights ranged from 0 to 0.3 m. A surface turbulent kinetic energy flux was used to model whitecapping waves during periods when wind speeds > 5 m s-1 (62% of observations). The surface was modeled as a wind stress log-layer for the remaining 38% of the observations. The model results demonstrated that under moderate wind conditions (5–8 m s-1 at 10 m above water level), and hence moderate wave heights, whitecapping waves provided the dominant source of turbulent kinetic energy to only the top 10% of the water column. Under stronger wind (> 8 m s-1), and hence larger wave conditions, whitecapping waves provided the dominant source of turbulent kinetic energy over a larger portion of the water column; however, this region extended to the bottom half of the water column for only 7% of the observation period. The model results indicated that phytoplankton concentrations close to the bed were unlikely to be affected by the whitecapping of waves, and that the formation of concentration boundary layers due to benthic grazing was unlikely to be disrupted by whitecapping waves. Furthermore, vertical mixing of suspended sediment was unlikely to be affected by whitecapping waves under the conditions experienced during the 11-day experiment. Instead, the bed stress provided by tidal currents was the dominant source of turbulent kinetic energy over the bottom half of the water column for the majority of the 11-day period.
","language":"English","publisher":"John Muir Institute of the Environment","usgsCitation":"Thompson, J.K., Jones, N.L., and Monismith, S.G., 2008, A note on the effect of wind waves on vertical mixing in Franks Tract, Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, USA: San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science, v. 6, no. 2, p. 1-11.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"11","ipdsId":"IP-002562","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5078,"text":"Southwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349448,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":349447,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7sk8z936"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.06909179687501,\n 37.82822612280363\n ],\n [\n -121.26846313476561,\n 37.82822612280363\n ],\n [\n -121.26846313476561,\n 38.31903340948611\n ],\n [\n -122.06909179687501,\n 38.31903340948611\n ],\n [\n -122.06909179687501,\n 37.82822612280363\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a610f69e4b06e28e9c257ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, Janet K. 0000-0002-1528-8452 jthompso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1528-8452","contributorId":1009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Janet","email":"jthompso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":722913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Nicole L.","contributorId":200624,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Nicole","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Monismith, Stephen G.","contributorId":200625,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Monismith","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70189929,"text":"70189929 - 2008 - Recent declines in western U.S. snowpack in the context of twentieth-century climate variability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-01T16:06:06","indexId":"70189929","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":736,"text":"American Meteorological Society, Journal of Hydrometeorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recent declines in western U.S. snowpack in the context of twentieth-century climate variability","docAbstract":"A monthly snow accumulation and melt model was used with monthly Precipitation-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) temperature and precipitation data to generate time series of 1 April snow water equivalent (SWE) for 1900 through 2008 in the western United States. Averaged across the western United States, SWE generally was higher than long-term (1900–2008) average conditions during the periods 1900–25, 1944–55, and 1966–82; SWE was lower than long-term average conditions during the periods 1926–43, 1957–65, and 1984–2008. During the period 1900–2008, the temporal pattern in winter precipitation exhibited wetter-than-average and drier-than-average decadal-scale periods with no long-term increasing or decreasing trend. Winter temperature generally was below average from 1900 to the mid-1950s, close to average from the mid-1950s to the mid-1980s, and above average from the mid-1980s to 2008. In general, periods of higher-than-average SWE have been associated with higher precipitation and lower temperature. Since about 1980, western U.S. winter temperatures have been consistently higher than long-term average values, and the resultant lower-than-average SWE values have been only partially offset by periods of higher-than-average precipitation. The post-1980 lower-than-average SWE conditions in the western United States are unprecedented within the context of twentieth-century climate and estimated SWE.","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/2009EI283.1","usgsCitation":"McCabe, G., and Wolock, D.M., 2008, Recent declines in western U.S. snowpack in the context of twentieth-century climate variability: American Meteorological Society, Journal of Hydrometeorology, v. 13, 13-012; 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1175/2009EI283.1.","productDescription":" 13-012; 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-010684","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476565,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/2009ei283.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":344521,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -126.9580078125,\n 28.34306490482549\n ],\n [\n -101.8212890625,\n 28.34306490482549\n ],\n [\n -101.8212890625,\n 49.83798245308484\n ],\n [\n -126.9580078125,\n 49.83798245308484\n ],\n [\n -126.9580078125,\n 28.34306490482549\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-10-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59819318e4b0e2f5d463b7bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCabe, Gregory J. 0000-0002-9258-2997 gmccabe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":167116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"Gregory J.","email":"gmccabe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":706796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolock, David M. 0000-0002-6209-938X dwolock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"David","email":"dwolock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70187196,"text":"70187196 - 2008 - Evaluation of the sustainability of deep groundwater as an arsenic-safe resource in the Bengal Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-26T10:31:51","indexId":"70187196","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of the sustainability of deep groundwater as an arsenic-safe resource in the Bengal Basin","docAbstract":"Tens of millions of people in the Bengal Basin region of Bangladesh and India drink groundwater containing unsafe concentrations of arsenic. This high-arsenic groundwater is produced from shallow (<100 m) depths by domestic and irrigation wells in the Bengal Basin aquifer system. The government of Bangladesh has begun to install wells to depths of >150 m where groundwater arsenic concentrations are nearly uniformly low, and many more wells are needed, however, the sustainability of deep, arsenic-safe groundwater has not been previously assessed. Deeper pumping could induce downward migration of dissolved arsenic, permanently destroying the deep resource. Here, it is shown, through quantitative, large-scale hydrogeologic analysis and simulation of the entire basin, that the deeper part of the aquifer system may provide a sustainable source of arsenic-safe water if its utilization is limited to domestic supply. Simulations provide two explanations for this result: deep domestic pumping only slightly perturbs the deep groundwater flow system, and substantial shallow pumping for irrigation forms a hydraulic barrier that protects deeper resources from shallow arsenic sources. Additional analysis indicates that this simple management approach could provide arsenic-safe drinking water to >90% of the arsenic-impacted region over a 1,000-year timescale. This insight may assist water-resources managers in alleviating one of the world's largest groundwater contamination problems.
","language":"English","publisher":"PNAS","doi":"10.1073/pnas.0710477105","usgsCitation":"Michaela, H.A., and Voss, C.I., 2008, Evaluation of the sustainability of deep groundwater as an arsenic-safe resource in the Bengal Basin: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 105, no. 25, p. 8531-8536, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0710477105.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"8531","endPage":"8536","ipdsId":"IP-003995","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476568,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0710477105","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":340437,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"105","issue":"25","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-06-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5901b1c1e4b0c2e071a99bc2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Michaela, Holly A.","contributorId":57357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michaela","given":"Holly","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Voss, Clifford I. 0000-0001-5923-2752 cvoss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5923-2752","contributorId":1559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"Clifford","email":"cvoss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70184306,"text":"70184306 - 2008 - The dynamics of coastal models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-07T10:18:25","indexId":"70184306","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"The dynamics of coastal models","docAbstract":"Coastal basins are defined as estuaries, lagoons, and embayments. This book deals with the science of coastal basins using simple models, many of which are presented in either analytical form or Microsoft Excel or MATLAB. The book introduces simple hydrodynamics and its applications, from the use of simple box and one-dimensional models to flow over coral reefs. The book also emphasizes models as a scientific tool in our understanding of coasts, and introduces the value of the most modern flexible mesh combined wave-current models. Examples from shallow basins around the world illustrate the wonders of the scientific method and the power of simple dynamics. This book is ideal for use as an advanced textbook for graduate students and as an introduction to the topic for researchers, especially those from other fields of science needing a basic understanding of the basic ideas of the dynamics of coastal basins.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","publisherLocation":"Cambridge, UK","usgsCitation":"Hearn, C.J., 2008, The dynamics of coastal models, 512 p.","productDescription":"512 p.","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336931,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":336930,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.cambridge.org/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9780521807401"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58bfd4f8e4b014cc3a3ba4e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hearn, Clifford J.","contributorId":187563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hearn","given":"Clifford","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70184387,"text":"70184387 - 2008 - A new towed platform for the unobtrusive surveying of benthic habitats and organisms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-29T09:39:41","indexId":"70184387","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3290,"text":"Revista de Biología Tropical: International Journal of Tropical Biology and Conservation","onlineIssn":"2215-2075","printIssn":"0034-7744","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new towed platform for the unobtrusive surveying of benthic habitats and organisms","docAbstract":"Maps of coral ecosystems are needed to support many conservation and management objectives, as well as research activities. Examples include ground-truthing aerial and satellite imagery, characterizing essential habitat, assessing changes, and monitoring the progress of restoration efforts. To address some of these needs, the U.S. Geological Survey developed the Along-Track Reef-Imaging System (ATRIS), a boat-based sensor package for mapping shallow-water benthic environments. ATRIS consists of a digital still camera, a video camera, and an acoustic depth sounder affixed to a moveable pole. This design, however, restricts its deployment to clear waters less than 10 m deep. To overcome this limitation, a towed version has been developed, referred to as Deep ATRIS. The system is based on a light-weight, computer-controlled, towed vehicle that is capable of following a programmed diving profile. The vehicle is 1.3 m long with a 63-cm wing span and can carry a wide variety of research instruments, including CTDs, fluorometers, transmissometers, and cameras. Deep ATRIS is currently equipped with a high-speed (20 frames · s-1) digital camera, custom-built light-emitting-diode lights, a compass, a 3-axis orientation sensor, and a nadir-looking altimeter. The vehicle dynamically adjusts its altitude to maintain a fixed height above the seafloor. The camera has a 29° x 22° field-of-view and captures color images that are 1360 x 1024 pixels in size. GPS coordinates are recorded for each image. A gigabit ethernet connection enables the images to be displayed and archived in real time on the surface computer. Deep ATRIS has a maximum tow speed of 2.6 m · s-1and a theoretical operating tow-depth limit of 27 m. With an improved tow cable, the operating depth can be extended to 90 m. Here, we present results from the initial sea trials in the Gulf of Mexico and Biscayne National Park, Florida, USA, and discuss the utility of Deep ATRIS for map-ping coral reef habitats. Several example mosaics illustrate the high-quality imagery that can be obtained with this system. The images also reveal the potential for unobtrusive animal observations; fish and sea turtles are unperturbed by the presence of Deep ATRIS
","language":"English","publisher":"Universidad de Costa Rica","publisherLocation":"San José, Costa Rica","doi":"10.15517/rbt.v56i0.5577","usgsCitation":"Zawada, D., Thompson, P., and Butcher, J., 2008, A new towed platform for the unobtrusive surveying of benthic habitats and organisms: Revista de Biología Tropical: International Journal of Tropical Biology and Conservation, v. 56, no. Supplement 1, p. 51-63, https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v56i0.5577.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"63","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476567,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v56i0.5577","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":337062,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Biscayne National Park, Gulf of Mexico","volume":"56","issue":"Supplement 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-07-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c1263be4b014cc3a3d3498","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zawada, David G. 0000-0003-4547-4878 dzawada@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4547-4878","contributorId":1898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zawada","given":"David G.","email":"dzawada@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, P.R.","contributorId":101369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Butcher, J.","contributorId":94416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butcher","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70197185,"text":"70197185 - 2008 - Federal/State mapping program supports ocean management and research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-21T11:05:07","indexId":"70197185","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5697,"text":"Federal GIS Connection","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Federal/State mapping program supports ocean management and research","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"ESRI","usgsCitation":"Andrews, B., and Ackerman, S.D., 2008, Federal/State mapping program supports ocean management and research: Federal GIS Connection, p. 1-4.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"4","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354356,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":354355,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.esri.com/library/newsletters/federal-gisconnections/fedgis-summer08.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b15748be4b092d9651e1ee8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrews, B.D.","contributorId":87737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ackerman, Seth D. 0000-0003-0945-2794 sackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0945-2794","contributorId":178676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Seth","email":"sackerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":735942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97179,"text":"sir20085176 - 2008 - Total mercury and methylmercury in Indiana streams, August 2004-September 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-16T21:17:52.483306","indexId":"sir20085176","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5176","title":"Total mercury and methylmercury in Indiana streams, August 2004-September 2006","docAbstract":"Total mercury and methylmercury were determined by use of low (subnanogram per liter) level analytical methods in 225 representative water samples collected following ultraclean protocols at 25 Indiana monitoring stations in a statewide network, on a seasonal schedule, August 2004-September 2006. The highest unfiltered total mercury concentrations were at six monitoring stations - five that are downstream from urban and industrial wastewater discharges and that have upstream drainage areas more than 1,960 square miles and one that is downstream from active and abandoned mine lands and that has an upstream drainage area of 602 square miles.\r\n\r\nTotal mercury concentrations in unfiltered samples ranged from 0.24 to 26.9 nanograms per liter (ng/L), with a median of 2.35 ng/L. The highest concentrations of total mercury, those in the 90th percentile and above, were more than 9.05 ng/L, and most were in samples collected during winter and spring 2006 during changing streamflow hydrograph conditions. Seasonal medians for unfiltered total mercury were highest during winter and spring. Instantaneous streamflow and turbidity at the time of sample collection also were highest in winter and spring and potentially indicate conditions for the most particulate mercury transport.\r\n\r\nSamples with the highest total mercury concentrations were from water that had the highest turbidity at the time of sample collection. Unfiltered total mercury concentrations were significantly lower in samples collected at five stations downstream from dams. Values for particulate total mercury and streamflow also were significantly lower at these five stations.\r\n\r\nTotal mercury concentrations equaled or exceeded the 2007 Indiana chronic aquatic criterion of 12 ng/L in 5.8 percent of samples and at 10 monitoring stations. Most of the total mercury in these 13 samples was estimated to be particulate. Most of the samples with mercury concentrations that equaled or exceeded the 12 ng/L criterion were collected during winter and spring 2006 during changing streamflow hydrograph conditions and in streamflow that was high for 2004-2006.\r\n\r\nMethylmercury was detected in 83 percent of unfiltered samples; reported concentrations ranged from 0.04 to 0.57 ng/L, with a median of 0.09 ng/L. The highest concentrations of methylmercury, those in the 90th percentile and above, were more than 0.25 ng/L, and most were in samples collected during spring and summer. Methylation efficiency in most samples was less than 5.8 percent, but was as much as 24.6 percent. Seasonal medians for methylmercury were highest during spring and summer. Seasonal medians for water temperatures at the time of sample collection were highest during these seasons and potentially indicate conditions for the most formation of methylmercury. The low streamflow statistical category had the significantly highest methylation efficiency.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085176","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Environmental Management","usgsCitation":"Ulberg, A.L., and Risch, M.R., 2008, Total mercury and methylmercury in Indiana streams, August 2004-September 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5176, vi, 76 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085176.","productDescription":"vi, 76 p.","temporalStart":"2004-08-01","temporalEnd":"2006-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124459,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2008_5176.jpg"},{"id":410647,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f5905","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ulberg, Amanda L.","contributorId":65186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ulberg","given":"Amanda","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Risch, Martin R. 0000-0002-7908-7887 mrrisch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7908-7887","contributorId":2118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risch","given":"Martin","email":"mrrisch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70236316,"text":"70236316 - 2008 - Linking soil organic matter dynamics and erosion-induced terrestrial carbon sequestration at different landform positions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-01T16:03:49.25587","indexId":"70236316","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-27T10:57:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7359,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linking soil organic matter dynamics and erosion-induced terrestrial carbon sequestration at different landform positions","docAbstract":"Recently, the potential for terrestrial carbon (C) sequestration by soil erosion and deposition has received increased interest. Erosion and deposition constitute a sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide relative to a preerosional state or a noneroding scenario, if the posterosion watershed C balance is increased due to (1) partial replacement of eroded C by new photosynthate in the eroded site; and (2) preservation from decomposition of at least some eroded soil organic carbon (SOC) arriving in depositional settings. Little is known, however, about differences in C dynamics at different erosional and depositional landform positions within the same eroding system. We determined the contribution of different landform positions to erosion-induced terrestrial C sequestration by measuring rates of net primary productivity (NPP), replacement of eroded C, and decomposition of organic matter (OM) at four categorically different landform positions within a naturally eroding toposequence in northern California. We found that eroded C is replaced by NPP 15 times over in the summit of the site studied and 5 times over in the slope. Profile-averaged, long-term rate constant for SOM decomposition was 2 to 14 times slower in the depositional settings compared with that in eroding slopes. As a result, the inventory of C in the depositional settings was 2 to 3 times larger than that of the eroding positions. Owing to both C replacement at eroding sites and reduced rates of OM decomposition in depositional sites, soil erosion constitutes a C sink from the atmosphere at our study site.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2008JG000751","usgsCitation":"Asefaw Berhe, A., Harden, J.W., Torn, M.S., and Harte, J., 2008, Linking soil organic matter dynamics and erosion-induced terrestrial carbon sequestration at different landform positions: Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences, v. 113, no. G4, G04039,, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JG000751.","productDescription":"G04039,, 12 p.","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476575,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008jg000751","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":406069,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Marin County","otherGeospatial":"Tennessee Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.61772155761719,\n 37.89476942508328\n ],\n [\n -122.59248733520506,\n 37.89476942508328\n ],\n [\n -122.59248733520506,\n 37.9221282458365\n ],\n [\n -122.61772155761719,\n 37.9221282458365\n ],\n [\n -122.61772155761719,\n 37.89476942508328\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"113","issue":"G4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-27","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Asefaw Berhe, Asmeret","contributorId":270446,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Asefaw Berhe","given":"Asmeret","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16805,"text":"University of California, Merced","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":850586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harden, Jennifer W. 0000-0002-6570-8259 jharden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":1971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"Jennifer","email":"jharden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":850587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Torn, Margaret S. 0000-0002-8174-0099","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8174-0099","contributorId":177740,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Torn","given":"Margaret","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harte, John","contributorId":19095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harte","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":97178,"text":"sir20085229 - 2008 - Comparison of Atmospheric Deposition Among Three Sites In and Near the Flat Tops Wilderness Area, Colorado, 2003-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:51","indexId":"sir20085229","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5229","title":"Comparison of Atmospheric Deposition Among Three Sites In and Near the Flat Tops Wilderness Area, Colorado, 2003-2005","docAbstract":"Atmospheric deposition was monitored for ammonium, nitrate, and sulfate concentrations and precipitation amounts in the Flat Tops Wilderness Area of northwestern Colorado at Ned Wilson Lake beginning in 1984 to detect changes that might result from future emissions associated with development of oil-shale resources in northwestern Colorado. Renewed monitoring, by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Rio Blanco County, to determine the current status of atmospheric deposition has been ongoing since 2003 at Ned Wilson Lake. Two new monitoring sites were located near Ripple Creek Pass near the Flat Tops Wilderness area and about 12 kilometers north of Ned Wilson Lake because access to the area near Ripple Creek Pass is less difficult and less expensive, particularly in winter and spring. The intent of this study was to establish whether the new deposition data being collected near Ripple Creek Pass, near the northern boundary of the Flat Tops Wilderness Area, would be representative of deposition at sensitive sites within the wilderness such as Ned Wilson Lake and to compare more current (2003 through 2005) deposition data with earlier data (1984 through 1991).\r\n\r\nAt Ned Wilson Lake, bulk ammonium and nitrate concentrations collected from 1984 through 1991 were similar to those from 2003 through 2005. However, in the same comparison significant differences in sulfate concentrations were observed, indicating a decrease consistent with other regional findings for similar periods. Comparison of concentrations of constituents at two bulk-deposition sites located at Ned Wilson Lake (NWLB) and near Ripple Creek Pass (RCPB) showed only one significant difference (p = 0.05) with the winter bulk nitrate concentrations for NWLB significantly lower than winter concentrations from RCPB. Another comparison of concentrations of constituents between the bulk deposition site RCPB and a wet deposition site 100 meters away (RCPW) showed no significant differences for concentrations of ammonium, nitrate, and sulfate for both the winter and summer comparisons. While results indicate many similarities in concentrations of constituents and in seasonal variability in those concentrations, they are based on a short period of study. Precipitation amounts from RCPB were less than the amounts collected at NWLB, and precipitation amounts from RCPW were less than the amounts collected at RCPB. Although RCPB may not be a perfect replacement site for NWLB, it may be similar enough to represent atmospheric deposition in areas of the Flat Tops Wilderness of northwestern Colorado.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085229","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Rio Blanco County, Colorado","usgsCitation":"Ingersoll, G.P., Campbell, D.H., and Mast, M.A., 2008, Comparison of Atmospheric Deposition Among Three Sites In and Near the Flat Tops Wilderness Area, Colorado, 2003-2005: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5229, iv, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085229.","productDescription":"iv, 17 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2003-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124716,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2008_5229.jpg"},{"id":12162,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5229/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.25,38.5 ], [ -109.25,40.5 ], [ -107,40.5 ], [ -107,38.5 ], [ -109.25,38.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae47e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ingersoll, George P. gpingers@usgs.gov","contributorId":1469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"George","email":"gpingers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, Donald H. dhcampbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Donald","email":"dhcampbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mast, M. Alisa 0000-0001-6253-8162 mamast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6253-8162","contributorId":827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mast","given":"M.","email":"mamast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Alisa","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97176,"text":"ofr20081368 - 2008 - Electrical Resistivity and Seismic Surveys at the Nevada Test Site, Nevada, April 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:50","indexId":"ofr20081368","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1368","title":"Electrical Resistivity and Seismic Surveys at the Nevada Test Site, Nevada, April 2007","docAbstract":"In April 2007, the USGS collected direct-current (DC) electrical resistivity data and shear- (S) and compressional- (P) wave seismic data to provide new detail of previously mapped, overlapping fault splays at two administrative areas in the Nevada Test Site (NTS). In NTS Area 7, we collected two-dimensional DC resistivity data along a transect crossing the Yucca Fault parallel to, and between, two transects along which resistivity data were collected in a previous study in 2006. In addition, we collected three-dimensional DC resistivity data in a grid that overlies part of the 2007 transect. The DC resistivity data show that the fault has a footwall that is more conductive than the hanging wall and an along-strike progression of the fault in a location where overlapping splays are present. Co-located with the northernmost of the two 2006 DC resistivity transects, we acquired S- and P-wave seismic data for both reflection and refraction processing. The S-wave data are corrupted by large amounts of converted (P-wave) energy likely due to the abundance of fractured caliche in the shallow subsurface. The P-wave data show minimal reflected energy, but they show clear refracted first arrivals. We have inverted these first arrival times to determine P-wave seismic velocity models. The seismic model for the transect in Area 7 shows low velocities extending to the base of the model at the location of the Yucca Fault, as well as low velocities at the eastern end of the transect, in the vicinity of the adjacent crater. These new surveys provide further detail about the geometry of the Yucca Fault in this location where it shows two overlapping splays.\r\n\r\nWe collected P- and S-wave seismic data along a transect in the southern part of NTS Area 2, corresponding with the location of a 2006 DC resistivity transect that targeted a set of small faults identified with field mapping. Again, the S-wave data are difficult to interpret. The P-wave data show clear first arrivals that we inverted, yielding a velocity model that shows lateral heterogeneity similar to the 2006 DC resistivity models. Finally, we collected P-wave data along a second transect in Area 2, located north of the first line and in an area of a very minor fault that was targeted by another 2006 DC resistivity survey. The P-wave refraction velocity model shows generally high velocities, with a zone of somewhat lower velocities in the central part of the transect. The position of the low velocity zone corresponds with the location of a minor fault, though it is unclear whether the two are related.\r\n\r\nTogether, these results demonstrate the value of geophysical data for mapping the subsurface extent of faults. The 2007 DC resistivity data complement the 2006 data and provide important new detail of the overlapping fault splays. The seismic data demonstrate the ability of P-wave refraction methods to identify the damage zones at faults, and they show the difficulties associated with S-wave methods in areas with caliche. Combining all of the geophysical data from the Area 7 studies, we are able to develop a coherent interpretation of the relation between the site geology, the fault, and the observations.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081368","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Site Office","usgsCitation":"Haines, S.S., Burton, B., Sweetkind, D., and Asch, T., 2008, Electrical Resistivity and Seismic Surveys at the Nevada Test Site, Nevada, April 2007: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1368, iv, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081368.","productDescription":"iv, 33 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2007-04-01","temporalEnd":"2007-04-30","costCenters":[{"id":213,"text":"Crustal Imaging and Characterization Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195348,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12160,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1368/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.08333333333333,37.0675 ], [ -116.08333333333333,37.134166666666665 ], [ -116.03333333333333,37.134166666666665 ], [ -116.03333333333333,37.0675 ], [ -116.08333333333333,37.0675 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605601","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haines, Seth S. 0000-0003-2611-8165 shaines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2611-8165","contributorId":1344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"Seth","email":"shaines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burton, Bethany L. 0000-0001-5011-7862 blburton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5011-7862","contributorId":1341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"Bethany L.","email":"blburton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":301257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sweetkind, Donald S.","contributorId":18732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweetkind","given":"Donald S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Asch, Theodore H.","contributorId":83617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asch","given":"Theodore H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":97177,"text":"ofr20071249 - 2008 - Temporal Geochemistry Data from Five Springs in the Cement Creek Watershed, San Juan County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:56","indexId":"ofr20071249","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1249","title":"Temporal Geochemistry Data from Five Springs in the Cement Creek Watershed, San Juan County, Colorado","docAbstract":"Temporal data from five springs in the Cement Creek watershed, San Juan County, Colorado provide seasonal geochemical data for further research in the formation of ferricretes. In addition, these data can be used to help understand the ground-water flow system. The resulting data demonstrate the difficulty in gathering reliable seasonal data from springs, show the unique geochemistry of each spring due to local geology, and provide seasonal trends in geochemistry for Tiger Iron Spring.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071249","usgsCitation":"Johnson, R.H., Wirt, L., and Leib, K.J., 2008, Temporal Geochemistry Data from Five Springs in the Cement Creek Watershed, San Juan County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1249, Report: iii, 11 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071249.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 11 p.; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2003-11-13","temporalEnd":"2004-10-31","costCenters":[{"id":213,"text":"Crustal Imaging and Characterization Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196269,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12161,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1249/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.83416666666666,37.75 ], [ -107.83416666666666,37.96666666666667 ], [ -107.5,37.96666666666667 ], [ -107.5,37.75 ], [ -107.83416666666666,37.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db685699","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Raymond H. rhjohnso@usgs.gov","contributorId":707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Raymond","email":"rhjohnso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wirt, Laurie","contributorId":13204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wirt","given":"Laurie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leib, Kenneth J. 0000-0002-0373-0768 kjleib@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0373-0768","contributorId":701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leib","given":"Kenneth","email":"kjleib@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97172,"text":"sir20085054 - 2008 - Temporal Differences in Flow Depth and Velocity Distributions and Hydraulic Microhabitats Near Bridges of the Lower Platte River, Nebraska, 1934-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:27","indexId":"sir20085054","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5054","title":"Temporal Differences in Flow Depth and Velocity Distributions and Hydraulic Microhabitats Near Bridges of the Lower Platte River, Nebraska, 1934-2006","docAbstract":"As part of a collaborative study of the cumulative impacts on stream and riparian ecology of water and channel management practices in the lower Platte River, Nebraska, this report describes a study by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Lower Platte South Natural Resources District that summarizes: (1) temporal differences in distribution of streamflow depth, velocity, and microhabitats among five discrete 11-water-year periods 1934-44, 1951-61, 1966-76, 1985-95, and 1996-2006, and (2) the effects of bridge proximity on distribution of streamflow depth, velocity, and microhabitat of the Platte River when cross sections were measured at a similar discharge. The scope of the study included the four presently (2008) active streamflow-gaging stations located near bridges over the lower Platte River at North Bend, near Leshara, near Ashland, and at Louisville, Nebraska, and the most downstream streamflow-gaging station within the central Platte River segment near Duncan, Nebraska.\r\n\r\nGenerally, in cases where temporal differences in streamflow depth and velocity were evident, at least one of the water-year periods from 1934 through 1995 had deeper streamflow than the recent water-year period (1996-2006). Temporal differences in distributions of streamflow depth were not strongly associated with differences in either climatic conditions or the maximum peak flow that occurred prior to the latest discharge measurement during each period. The relative cross-sectional area of most hydraulic niches did not differ among the water-year periods. Part of this apparent uniformity likely was an artifact of the broad microhabitat classification used for this study. In cases where temporal differences in relative cross-sectional area of hydraulic niches were evidenced, the differences occurred during high- and low-flow conditions, not during median flow conditions. The temporal differences in relative cross-sectional area were found more frequently for hydraulic niches defined by moderate and fast velocities than for hydraulic niches defined by slow velocities. Generally, any significant increase or decrease in the relative cross-sectional areas of hydraulic niches during the water-year periods from 1934 through 1995 had disappeared during the most recent water-year period, 1996-2006.\r\n\r\nDeep-Swift niche was the predominant hydraulic niche for all near-bridge sites on the lower Platte River for high- and median-flow conditions. The Deep-Swift niche also was the predominant niche for the near-bridge sites near Ashland and at Louisville for low-flow conditions; for the near-bridge sites at North Bend and near Leshara, streamflow cross-sectional areas during low-flow conditions were shared among the Shallow-Moderate, Intermediate-Moderate, Intermediate-Swift, and Deep-Swift hydraulic niches. For the near-bridge site near Duncan, the site farthest downstream in the central Platte River system, the Deep-Swift hydraulic niche was predominant only during high-flow conditions; during median- and low-flow conditions the relative cross-sectional area was shared among the Shallow-Slow, Shallow-Moderate, Intermediate-Moderate, and Intermediate-Swift hydraulic niches.\r\n\r\nSignificant temporal differences in the relative cross-sectional area of the Deep-Swift hydraulic niche were found for sites near the two farthest downstream bridges near Ashland and at Louisville, but only for low-flow conditions. The Deep-Swift microhabitat was of special interest because it is the preferred hydraulic habitat during the adult life of the endangered pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus). Temporal differences in relative cross-sectional areas of the Glide low-flow geomorphic microhabitat that contained the Deep-Swift hydraulic niche also indicated that relative cross-sectional areas of the Glide during the 1951-61 and 1996-2006 water-year periods were lower than during the 1966-76 period. The temporal differences indicated that any significant temporal chang","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085054","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Lower Platte South Natural Resources District","usgsCitation":"Ginting, D., and Zelt, R.B., 2008, Temporal Differences in Flow Depth and Velocity Distributions and Hydraulic Microhabitats Near Bridges of the Lower Platte River, Nebraska, 1934-2006: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5054, Report: viii, 99 p.; Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085054.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 99 p.; Appendixes","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1934-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122405,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2008_5054.jpg"},{"id":12157,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5054/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.66666666666667,40.5 ], [ -97.66666666666667,41.666666666666664 ], [ -96,41.666666666666664 ], [ -96,40.5 ], [ -97.66666666666667,40.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db685653","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ginting, Daniel","contributorId":77257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ginting","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zelt, Ronald B. 0000-0001-9024-855X rbzelt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9024-855X","contributorId":300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zelt","given":"Ronald","email":"rbzelt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97171,"text":"ofr20081294 - 2008 - Mapping vulnerability to disasters in Latin America and the Caribbean, 1900–2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-02T19:12:51.079978","indexId":"ofr20081294","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1294","title":"Mapping vulnerability to disasters in Latin America and the Caribbean, 1900–2007","docAbstract":"The vulnerability of a population and its infrastructure to disastrous events is a factor of both the probability of a hazardous event occurring and the community's ability to cope with the resulting impacts. Therefore, the ability to accurately identify vulnerable populations and places in order to prepare for future hazards is of critical importance for disaster mitigation programs. \r\n\r\nThis project created maps of higher spatial resolution of vulnerability to disaster in Latin America and the Caribbean from 1900 to 2007 by mapping disaster data by first-level administrative boundaries with the objective of identifying geographic trends in regional occurrences of disasters and vulnerable populations. The method of mapping by administrative level is an improvement on displaying and analyzing disasters at the country level and shows the relative intensity of vulnerability within and between countries in the region. Disaster mapping at the country level produces only a basic view of which countries experience various types of natural disasters. Through disaggregation, the data show which geographic areas of these countries, including populated areas, are historically most susceptible to different hazard types.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081294","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance","usgsCitation":"Maynard-Ford, M.C., Phillips, E.C., and Chirico, P., 2008, Mapping vulnerability to disasters in Latin America and the Caribbean, 1900–2007: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1294, iv, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081294.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1900-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":229,"text":"Earth Surface Processes Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195363,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":404698,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86252.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":12156,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1294/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"otherGeospatial":"Caribbean, Latin America","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -62.57812500000001,\n -56.55948248376223\n ],\n [\n -64.6875,\n -49.83798245308484\n ],\n [\n -30.937499999999996,\n -6.664607562172573\n ],\n [\n -47.4609375,\n 30.44867367928756\n ],\n [\n -82.96875,\n 24.84656534821976\n ],\n [\n -97.03125,\n 26.115985925333536\n ],\n [\n -106.875,\n 31.653381399664\n ],\n [\n -119.17968749999999,\n 32.84267363195431\n ],\n [\n -111.09374999999999,\n 19.642587534013032\n ],\n [\n -97.03125,\n 12.554563528593656\n ],\n [\n -83.671875,\n 5.965753671065536\n ],\n [\n -87.1875,\n -0.7031073524364783\n ],\n [\n -80.15625,\n -12.897489183755892\n ],\n [\n -73.47656249999999,\n -19.642587534013032\n ],\n [\n -78.3984375,\n -46.8000594467873\n ],\n [\n -77.34374999999999,\n -54.36775852406839\n ],\n [\n -71.015625,\n -56.94497418085159\n ],\n [\n -62.57812500000001,\n -56.55948248376223\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699f9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maynard-Ford, Miriam C.","contributorId":31489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maynard-Ford","given":"Miriam","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, Emily C.","contributorId":65189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chirico, Peter G.","contributorId":27086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chirico","given":"Peter G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}