Sand lance (Ammodytes) constitute a major prey for at least some populations of over 100 species of consumer, including 40 species of birds, 12 species of marine mammals, 45 species of fishes, and some invertebrates. Variation in the availability of sand lance (and other forage fishes) can have major effects on the breeding success and survival of their predators. Commercial fishing and other pressures on sand lance populations potentially have ramifying effects on many species of wildlife.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sand lance: A review of biology and predator relations and annotated bibliography (USDA Forest Service Research Paper PNW-RP-521)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","usgsCitation":"Willson, M.F., Armstrong, R.H., Robards, M.D., and Piatt, J.F., 1999, Sand lance as cornerstone prey for predator populations, chap. of Sand lance: A review of biology and predator relations and annotated bibliography (USDA Forest Service Research Paper PNW-RP-521), p. 17-44.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"44","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340900,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":340903,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/2934"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591183dbe4b0e541a03c1ad2","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Robards, Martin D.","contributorId":40148,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robards","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694367,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Willson, Mary F.","contributorId":27974,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Willson","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694368,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Armstrong, Robert H.","contributorId":71664,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Armstrong","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694369,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694370,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Willson, Mary F.","contributorId":27974,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Willson","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Armstrong, Robert H.","contributorId":71664,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Armstrong","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robards, Martin D.","contributorId":40148,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robards","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70224914,"text":"70224914 - 1999 - Nesting populations of double-crested cormorants in the United States and Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-04T13:10:10.194029","indexId":"70224914","displayToPublicDate":"1997-12-09T07:35:01","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Nesting populations of double-crested cormorants in the United States and Canada","docAbstract":"Double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) are receiving increasing attention in North America because of depredations at aquaculture facilities and alleged impacts on sport and commercial fisheries. We obtained recent (most since 1994) estimates for the number of nesting double-crested cormorants in the United States and Canada from published references and by conducting telephone interviews with State and Provincial biologists. Using published data, we also determined annual rates of change in the number of cormorants since about 1990. The estimated minimum number of nesting pairs (colonies) of double-crested cormorants was 372,000 (852). Most cormorants nested in the Interior region (68 percent). Overall, double-crested cormorants increased about 2.6 percent annually during the early 1990’s. The greatest decline (−7.9-percent annual change) was in the West Coast–Alaska region. The greatest increase (6.0-percent annual change) was for the Interior region. The increase there was primarily a consequence of a 22-percent annual increase in Ontario and U.S. States bordering the Great Lakes. These baseline population data are essential for monitoring trends in nesting populations and for developing informed management decisions. However, the completeness, quality, and timing of surveys varied substantially among jurisdictions. Population estimates and rates of change should, therefore, be used with caution. Methods and timing of future surveys should be coordinated among political jurisdictions (at least within regions) to improve accuracy of estimates and allow more meaningful comparisons of population status.
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These data, accumulated during many water years, constitute a valuable data base for developing an improved understanding of the water resources of the State. To make these data readily available to interested parties outside the Geological Survey, the data are published annually in this report series entitled \"Water Resources Data - Alaska.\"
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Acepta señales de baja potencia desde un sismómetro y produce una señal subportadora modulada en frecuencia adecuada para enlaces telefónicos o vía radio a un lugar remoto de recolección de datos. La frecuencia de la subportadora y la ganancia pueden ser seleccionadas mediante un interruptor. Tiene la opción de poder operar con dos canales para la observación con ganancia alta y baja.\n\nEl McVCO fue diseñado con el propósito de mejorar la telemetría analógica de las señales dentro de la Pacific Northwest Seismograph Network (PNSN) (Red Sismográfica del Noroeste del Pacífico). Su desarrollo recibió el respaldo del Programa de Geofísica de la Universidad de Washington y del \"Volcano Hazards and Earthquake Hazards programs of the United States Geological Survey (USGS) (Programa de Investigaciones de Riesgos Volcánicos y Programa de Investigaciones de Riesgos Sísmicos de los EEUU). Cientos de instrumentos se han construido e instalado. Además de utilizarlo el PNSN, el McVCO es usado por el Observatorio Vulcanológico de Alaska para monitorear los volcanes aleutianos y por el USGS Volcano Disaster Assistance Program (Programa de Ayuda en las Catástrofes Volcánicas del USGS) para responder a crisis volcánicas en otros países.\n\nEste manual cubre el funcionamiento del McVCO, es una referencia técnica para aquellos que necesitan saber con más detalle cómo funciona el McVCO, y cubre una serie de temas que requieren un trato explícito o que derivan del despliegue del instrumento.","language":"Spanish","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr99361S","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"This report is also available in English at OFR 99-361.","usgsCitation":"McChesney, P., 1999, Manual del McVCO 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-361, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99361S.","productDescription":"57 p.","numberOfPages":"57","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":156547,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr99361S.jpg"},{"id":1571,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0361s/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":284906,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0361s/pdf/OF99-361s.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64aea1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McChesney, P.J.","contributorId":29470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McChesney","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":4962,"text":"fs13199 - 1999 - Measurements of Taku River, Alaska during Tulsequah Lake outburst floods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-18T10:55:04","indexId":"fs13199","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"131-99","title":"Measurements of Taku River, Alaska during Tulsequah Lake outburst floods","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Anchorage, Alaska","doi":"10.3133/fs13199","usgsCitation":"Host, R.H., and Dorava, J.M., 1999, Measurements of Taku River, Alaska during Tulsequah Lake outburst floods: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 131-99, 1 sheet : col. ill., col. maps ; 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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99551","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Markon, C., and Walker, D.A., 1999, Proceedings of the Third International Circumpolar Arctic Vegetation Mapping Workshop : a compilation of abstracts and short papers presented at the U.S. Geological Survey, EROS Alaska Field Office, Anchorage, Alaska, U.S.A., June 3-7, 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-551, iii, 80 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99551.","productDescription":"iii, 80 p.","numberOfPages":"85","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":156366,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0551/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52758,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0551/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db660462","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markon, Carl J.","contributorId":67122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markon","given":"Carl J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walker, Donald A.","contributorId":100022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70038033,"text":"70038033 - 1998 - U.S. Geological Survey Activities Related to American Indians and Alaska Natives Fiscal Year 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-19T14:40:20.876713","indexId":"70038033","displayToPublicDate":"2021-08-19T10:45:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"displayTitle":"Activities Related to American Indians and Alaska Natives Fiscal Year 1998","title":"U.S. Geological Survey Activities Related to American Indians and Alaska Natives Fiscal Year 1998","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is an impartial scientific organization that strives to produce scientific results that are relevant to the people of the United States and their land and resource managers. In cooperation with American Indian and Alaska Native governments, the USGS conducts research on water and mineral resources, animals and plants of environmental, economic, or subsistence importance, natural hazards, and geologic resources. Digital data on cartography, mineral resources, stream flows, biota, and other data sets are available to American Indian and Alaska Native institutions. The USGS recognizes the need learn from and to share knowledge with Native peoples. This report describes most of the activities that the USGS conducted with American Indian and Alaska Native governments, educational institutions, and individuals during Federal fiscal year 1998.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70038033","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1998, U.S. Geological Survey Activities Related to American Indians and Alaska Natives Fiscal Year 1998, vi, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70038033.","productDescription":"vi, 38 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":254490,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/amerind/1998report/otr1998-report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.20 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OTR 1998"},{"id":254499,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/amerind/1998report/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"National Tribal Liaison
Office of Tribal Relations
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Mail Stop 911
Reston, VA 20192
White phosphorus (P4) has been extensively used by the military for various purposes, including marking artillery impacts and as an obscurant. Target practice in an Alaskan tidal marsh during the last 4 decades has deposited large amounts of P4 particles in sediments and water, which have resulted in die-offs of several waterfowl species. Because the toxicity of P4 in birds has not been well documented and because it is quickly excreted or metabolized in living animals, we sought to determine the effects of experimental dosing on blood characteristics in game farm mallards (Anas platyrhynchos). In two experiments, one employing single doses of 5.4 mg P4 per kilogram body weight in corn oil and the other using daily repeated doses of pelletized P4 at either 0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg, there were significant changes in aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), inorganic P, hematocrit, and hemoglobin. Other indications of exposure included changes in uric acid, creatinine, and total protein, which were consistent with reported liver and kidney damage due to this contaminant. Changes in white blood cells included a greater frequency of thrombocytes and fewer lymphocytes in dosed birds compared to controls. A biomarker of exposure based on LDH activity and hemoglobin is proposed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620171221","usgsCitation":"Sparling, D.W., Vann, S., and Grove, R.A., 1998, Blood changes in mallards exposed to white phosphorus: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 17, no. 12, p. 2521-2529, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620171221.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2521","endPage":"2529","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479676,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620171221","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":202272,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1be4b07f02db6078e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sparling, Donald W.","contributorId":7220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sparling","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vann, S.","contributorId":41561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vann","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grove, Robert A.","contributorId":52134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grove","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5223829,"text":"5223829 - 1998 - Evaluation of age determination techniques for gray wolves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-11T11:07:52.685567","indexId":"5223829","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:43","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of age determination techniques for gray wolves","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr98133B","usgsCitation":"Wilson, F.H., Dover, J.H., Bradley, D., Weber, F.R., Bundtzen, T., and Haeussler, P.J., 1998, Geologic map of central (interior) Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-133, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98133B.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":422205,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22550.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":168197,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -159,61 ], [ -159,66 ], [ -144,66 ], [ -144,61 ], [ -159,61 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a29f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Frederic H. 0000-0003-1761-6437 fwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1761-6437","contributorId":67174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Frederic","email":"fwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":234891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dover, James H.","contributorId":43382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dover","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":234894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bradley, Dwight 0000-0001-9116-5289 bradleyorchard2@gmail.com","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9116-5289","contributorId":2358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Dwight","email":"bradleyorchard2@gmail.com","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":234892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weber, Florence R.","contributorId":17621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"Florence","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":234893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bundtzen, Thomas K.","contributorId":83560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bundtzen","given":"Thomas K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":234895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":234890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":22468,"text":"ofr98327 - 1998 - Alaska resource data file: Bradfield Canal quadrangle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-03T17:19:41.572347","indexId":"ofr98327","displayToPublicDate":"2002-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-327","title":"Alaska resource data file: Bradfield Canal quadrangle","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr98327","usgsCitation":"Berg, H., 1998, Alaska resource data file: Bradfield Canal quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-327, 181 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98327.","productDescription":"181 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489482,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0327/ofr98327.pdf"},{"id":156392,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0327/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":403945,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_37205.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":1533,"rank":4,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96MMRFD","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Bradfield Canal quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -132,\n 56\n ],\n [\n -130,\n 56\n ],\n [\n -130,\n 57\n ],\n [\n -132,\n 57\n ],\n [\n -132,\n 56\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688e7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berg, Henry C.","contributorId":73176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berg","given":"Henry C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":22483,"text":"ofr98359 - 1998 - Alaska resource data file: Lake Clark quadrangle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-22T12:49:07.320111","indexId":"ofr98359","displayToPublicDate":"2002-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-359","title":"Alaska resource data file: Lake Clark quadrangle","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr98359","usgsCitation":"Bickerstaff, D.P., 1998, Alaska resource data file: Lake Clark quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-359, 108 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98359.","productDescription":"108 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":486366,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0359/report.pdf"},{"id":403948,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_37207.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":1538,"rank":3,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96MMRFD","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":156485,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Lake Clark quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156,\n 60\n ],\n [\n -153,\n 60\n ],\n [\n -153,\n 61\n ],\n [\n -156,\n 61\n ],\n [\n -156,\n 60\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688e07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bickerstaff, Damon P.","contributorId":104940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bickerstaff","given":"Damon","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":23412,"text":"ofr98328 - 1998 - Alaska resource data file: Teller quadrangle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-21T18:45:23.464594","indexId":"ofr98328","displayToPublicDate":"2002-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-328","title":"Alaska resource data file: Teller quadrangle","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr98328","usgsCitation":"Hudson, T., 1998, Alaska resource data file: Teller quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-328, 235 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98328.","productDescription":"235 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":486315,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0328/ofr98328.pdf","text":"Report","size":"794 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 98-328 PDF"},{"id":157385,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403950,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_37206.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":1746,"rank":3,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96MMRFD","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Teller quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -169.15,\n 64.955\n ],\n [\n -165,\n 64.955\n ],\n [\n -165,\n 66\n ],\n [\n -169.15,\n 66\n ],\n [\n -169.15,\n 64.955\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688df1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hudson, Travis","contributorId":90282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"Travis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":24322,"text":"ofr98227 - 1998 - Alaska resource data file: McCarthy quadrangle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-31T15:57:00.861871","indexId":"ofr98227","displayToPublicDate":"2002-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-227","title":"Alaska resource data file: McCarthy quadrangle","docAbstract":"Descriptions of the mineral occurrences shown on the accompanying figure follow. See U.S. Geological Survey (1996) for a description of the information content of each field in the records. The data presented here are maintained as part of a statewide database on mines, prospects and mineral occurrences throughout Alaska.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr98227","usgsCitation":"Richter, D., 1998, Alaska resource data file: McCarthy quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-227, 120 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98227.","productDescription":"120 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":484023,"rank":4,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96MMRFD","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":484022,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_37204.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":156179,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0227/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":427470,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0227/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"McCarthy quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -144.0,61.0 ], [ -144.0,62.0 ], [ -141.0,62.0 ], [ -141.0,61.0 ], [ -144.0,61.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db688ea9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richter, Donald","contributorId":6475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richter","given":"Donald","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70185247,"text":"70185247 - 1998 - Effects of human activity on brown bear use of the Kulik River, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-16T15:38:43","indexId":"70185247","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3671,"text":"Ursus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of human activity on brown bear use of the Kulik River, Alaska","docAbstract":"I systematically observed brown bear (Ursus arctos) and human activity on a sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) stream in Katmai National Park during fall 1993 and 1995. More than 700 hours of observations were used to determine the temporal and spatial use patterns by people and bears as well as the frequency, nature, and outcome of bear-human interactions. Bears altered their temporal and spatial use of the river to accommodate human activity, seeking times and places where human use was lowest. Bear-human interactions were primarily the result of people venturing into areas of concentrated bear activity, rather than bears entering areas heavily used by people. Approximately one-fourth of bears involved in bear-human interactions left the river, not to return for several hours. Bears acted differently in river zones dominated by people than in zones dominated by bears in that they spent less time on the river, less time resting, and more time moving about in human-dominated zones. The data suggest that as long as there are areas where bears can avoid human activity, they will seek them to gain access to salmon. If, however, human use of the river continues to increase as it has the past decade, the day may come when there will be no more room for bears.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Bear Research and Management","usgsCitation":"Smith, T.S., 1998, Effects of human activity on brown bear use of the Kulik River, Alaska: Ursus, v. 13, p. 257-267.","startPage":"257","endPage":"267","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337781,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337780,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.bearbiology.com/index.php?id=ursvol13_10","text":"Volume 13 on Journal's Website"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Katmai National Park, Kulik River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.1592254638672,\n 58.956736654772236\n ],\n [\n -155.06206512451172,\n 58.956736654772236\n ],\n [\n -155.06206512451172,\n 59.00715799039951\n ],\n [\n -155.1592254638672,\n 59.00715799039951\n ],\n [\n -155.1592254638672,\n 58.956736654772236\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58cba425e4b0849ce97dc7ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Tom S.","contributorId":179380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Tom","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":684860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29350,"text":"wri984191 - 1998 - Effects of ice formation on hydrology and water quality in the lower Bradley River, Alaska — Implications for salmon incubation habitat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-18T22:11:18.679423","indexId":"wri984191","displayToPublicDate":"2000-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4191","title":"Effects of ice formation on hydrology and water quality in the lower Bradley River, Alaska — Implications for salmon incubation habitat","docAbstract":"A minimum flow of 40 cubic feet per second is required in the lower Bradley River, near Homer, Alaska, from November 2 to April 30 to ensure adequate habitat for salmon incubation. The study that determined this minimum flow did not account for the effects of ice formation on habitat. \r\n\r\nThe limiting factor for determining the minimal acceptable flow limit appears to be stream-water velocity. The minimum short-term flow needed to ensure adequate salmon incubation habitat when ice is present is about 30 cubic feet per second. For long-term flows, 40 cubic feet per second is adequate when ice is present. Long-term minimum discharge needed to ensure adequate incubation habitat--which is based on mean velocity alone--is as follows: 40 cubic feet per second when ice is forming; 35 cubic feet per second for stable and eroding ice conditions; and 30 cubic feet per second for ice-free conditions. The effects of long-term streamflow less than 40 cubic feet per second on fine-sediment deposition and dissolved-oxygen interchange could not be extrapolated from the data.\r\n\r\nHydrologic properties and water-quality data were measured in winter only from March 1993 to April 1998 at six transects in the lower Bradley River under three phases of icing: forming, stable, and eroding. Discharge in the lower Bradley River ranged from 33.3 to 73.0 cubic feet per second during all phases of ice formation and ice conditions, which ranged from ice free to 100 percent ice cover. Hydrostatic head was adequate for habitat protection for all ice phases and discharges. Mean stream velocity was adequate for all but one ice-forming episode. Velocity distribution within each transect varied significantly from one sampling period to the next. No relation was found between ice phase, discharge, and wetted perimeter. Intragravel-water temperature was slightly warmer than surface-water temperature. Surface- and intragravel-water dissolved-oxygen levels were adequate for all ice phases and discharges. No apparent relation was found between dissolved-oxygen levels and streamflow or ice conditions. Fine-sediment deposition was greatest at the downstream end of the study reach because of low shear velocities and tide-induced deposition. Dissolved-oxygen interchange was adequate for all discharges and ice conditions. Stranding potential of salmon fry was found to be low throughout the study reach. Minimum flows from the fish-water bypass needed to maintain 40 cubic feet per second in the lower Bradley River are estimated.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri984191","usgsCitation":"Rickman, R.L., 1998, Effects of ice formation on hydrology and water quality in the lower Bradley River, Alaska — Implications for salmon incubation habitat: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4191, vi, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984191.","productDescription":"vi, 50 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":95759,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4191/report.pdf","size":"10510","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":394480,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_49033.htm"},{"id":159638,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4191/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"lower Bradley River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -150.91781616210938,\n 59.784742544092595\n ],\n [\n -150.84640502929688,\n 59.784742544092595\n ],\n [\n -150.84640502929688,\n 59.82963438683562\n ],\n [\n -150.91781616210938,\n 59.82963438683562\n ],\n [\n -150.91781616210938,\n 59.784742544092595\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49a0e4b07f02db5bdbb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rickman, Ronald L. rrickman@usgs.gov","contributorId":5284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rickman","given":"Ronald","email":"rrickman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":201391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28845,"text":"wri984088 - 1998 - Estimate of aquifer properties by numerically simulating ground-water/surface-water interactions, Fort Wainwright, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-10T20:13:38.455276","indexId":"wri984088","displayToPublicDate":"2000-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4088","title":"Estimate of aquifer properties by numerically simulating ground-water/surface-water interactions, Fort Wainwright, Alaska","docAbstract":"MODFLOW, a finite-difference model of ground-water flow, was used to simulate the flow of water between the aquifer and the Chena River at Fort Wainwright, Alaska. The model was calibrated by comparing simulated ground-water hydrographs to those recorded in wells during periods of fluctuating river levels. The best fit between simulated and observed hydrographs occurred for the following: 20 feet per day for vertical hydraulic conductivity, 400 feet per day for horizontal hydraulic conductivity, 1:20 for anisotropy (vertical to horizontal hydraulic conductivity), and 350 per feet for riverbed conductance. These values include a 30 percent adjustment for geometry effects. The estimated values for hydraulic conductivities of the alluvium are based on assumed values of 0.25 for specific yield and 0.000001 per foot for specific storage of the alluvium; the values assumed for bedrock are 0.1 foot per day horizontal hydraulic conductivity, 0.005 foot per day vertical hydraulic conductivity, and 0.0000001 per foot for specific storage. The resulting diffusivity for the alluvial aquifer is 1,600 feet per day. The estimated values of these hydraulic properties are nearly proportional to the assumed value of specific yield. These values were not found to be sensitive to the assumed values for bedrock. The hydrologic parameters estimated using the cross-sectional model are only valid when taken in context with the other values (both estimated and assumed) used in this study. The model simulates horizontal and vertical flow directions near the river during periods of varying river stage. This information is useful for interpreting bank-storage effects, including the flow of contaminants in the aquifer near the river.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri984088","usgsCitation":"Nakanishi, A.S., and Lilly, M.R., 1998, Estimate of aquifer properties by numerically simulating ground-water/surface-water interactions, Fort Wainwright, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4088, iv, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984088.","productDescription":"iv, 35 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411659,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48962.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":95729,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4088/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158940,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4088/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Fort Wainwright","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -147.6667,\n 64.8558\n ],\n [\n -147.6667,\n 64.8144\n ],\n [\n -147.5667,\n 64.8144\n ],\n [\n -147.5667,\n 64.8558\n ],\n [\n -147.6667,\n 64.8558\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdd09","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nakanishi, Allen S.","contributorId":70022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nakanishi","given":"Allen","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lilly, Michael R.","contributorId":65494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lilly","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":23123,"text":"ofr98133A - 1998 - Geologic map of central (interior) Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-06T15:27:12.642454","indexId":"ofr98133A","displayToPublicDate":"1999-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-133","chapter":"A","title":"Geologic map of central (interior) Alaska","docAbstract":"Introduction: This map and associated digital databases are the result of a compilation and reinterpretation of published and unpublished 1:250,000- and limited 1:125,000- and 1:63,360-scale mapping. The map area covers approximately 416,000 sq km (134,000 sq mi) and encompasses 25 1:250,000-scale quadrangles in central Alaska. The compilation was done as part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Surveys and Analysis project, whose goal is nationwide assemble geologic, geochemical, geophysical, and other data. This map is an early product of an effort that will eventually encompass all of Alaska, and is the result of an agreement with the Alaska Department of Natural Resources, Division of Oil And Gas, to provide data on interior basins in Alaska. A paper version of the three map sheets has been published as USGS Open-File Report 98-133. Two geophysical maps that cover the identical area have been published earlier: 'Bouguer gravity map of Interior Alaska' (Meyer and others, 1996); and 'Merged aeromagnetic map of Interior Alaska' (Meyer and Saltus, 1995). 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