From July 31 to August 1, 2006, an unusual set of atmospheric conditions aligned to produce record floods and an unprecedented number of slope failures and debris flows in southeastern Arizona. During the week leading up to the event, an upper-level low-pressure system centered over New Mexico generated widespread and locally heavy rainfall in southeastern Arizona, culminating in a series of strong, mesoscale convective systems that affected the region in the early morning hours of July 31 and August 1. Rainfall from July 27 through 30 provided sufficient antecedent moisture that the storms of July 31 through August 1 resulted in record streamflow flooding in northeastern Pima County and eastern Pinal County. The rainfall caused at least 623 slope failures in four mountain ranges, including more than 30 near Bowie Mountain in the northern Chiracahua Mountains, and 113 at the southern end of the Huachuca Mountains within and adjacent to Coronado National Memorial.
In the Santa Catalina Mountains north of Tucson, 435 slope failures spawned debris flows on July 31 that, together with flood runoff, damaged structures and roads, affecting infrastructure within Tucson’s urban boundary. Heavy, localized rainfall in the Galiuro Mountains on August 1, 2006, resulted in at least 45 slope failures and an unknown number of debris flows in Aravaipa Canyon. In the southern Santa Catalina Mountains, the maximum 3-day precipitation measured at a climate station for July 29-31 was 12.04 in., which has a 1,200-year recurrence interval. Other rainfall totals from late July to August 1 in southeastern Arizona also exceeded 1,000-year recurrence intervals. The storms produced floods of record along six watercourses, and these floods had recurrence intervals of 100-500 years. Repeat photography suggests that the spate of slope failures was historically unprecedented, and geologic mapping and cosmogenic dating of ancient debris-flow deposits indicate that debris flows reaching alluvial fans in the Tucson basin are extremely rare events. Although recent watershed changes—particularly the impacts of recent wildland fires—may be important locally, the record number of slope failures and debris flows were related predominantly to extreme precipitation, not other factors such as fire history.
The large number of slope failures and debris flows in an area with few such occurrences historically underscores the rarity of this type of meteorological event in southeastern Arizona. Most slope failures appeared to be shallow-seated slope failures of colluvium on steep slopes that caused deep scour of chutes and substantial aggradation of channels downstream. In the southern Santa Catalina Mountains, we estimate that 1.5 million tons of sediment were released from slope failures into the channels of ten drainage basins. Thirty-six percent of this sediment (527,000 tons) is gravel-sized or smaller and is likely to be transported by streamflow out of the mountain drainages and into the drainage network of metropolitan Tucson. This sediment poses a potential flood hazard by reducing conveyance in fixed-section flood control structures along Rillito Creek and its major tributaries, although our estimates suggest that deposition may be small if it is distributed widely along the channel, which is expected.
Using the stochastic debris-flow model LAHARZ, we simulated debris-flow transport from slope failures to the apices of alluvial fans flanking the southern Santa Catalina Mountains. Despite considerable uncertainty in applying coefficients developed from worldwide observations to conditions in the southern Santa Catalina Mountains, we predicted the approximate area of depositional zones for several 2006 debris flows, particularly for Soldier Canyon. Better results could be achieved in some canyons if sediment budgets could be developed to account for alternating transport and deposition zones in channels with abrupt expansions and contractions, such as Rattlesnake Canyon.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081274","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Pima County Regional Flood Control District","usgsCitation":"Webb, R., Magirl, C.S., Griffiths, P.G., and Boyer, D.E., 2008, Debris flows and floods in southeastern Arizona from extreme precipitation in July 2006 — Magnitude, frequency, and sediment delivery: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1274, vi, 95 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081274.","productDescription":"vi, 95 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-07-27","temporalEnd":"2006-08-01","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":49157,"text":"Rocky Mountain Regional Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190695,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11868,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1274/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":402192,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_84761.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Santa Catalina Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.85205078124999,\n 32.310348764525806\n ],\n [\n -110.64880371093749,\n 32.310348764525806\n ],\n [\n -110.64880371093749,\n 32.44024912337551\n ],\n [\n -110.85205078124999,\n 32.44024912337551\n ],\n [\n -110.85205078124999,\n 32.310348764525806\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db6728e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Webb, Robert H. rhwebb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webb","given":"Robert H.","email":"rhwebb@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":12625,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":297412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Magirl, Christopher S. 0000-0002-9922-6549 magirl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9922-6549","contributorId":1822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magirl","given":"Christopher","email":"magirl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Griffiths, Peter G. 0000-0002-8663-8907 pggriffi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8663-8907","contributorId":187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffiths","given":"Peter","email":"pggriffi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":297411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boyer, Diane E.","contributorId":22018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyer","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":86661,"text":"sim2994 - 2008 - Stratigraphic framework of Cambrian and Ordovician rocks in the Appalachian Basin from Sequatchie County, Tennessee through eastern Kentucky, to Mingo County, West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-28T22:30:22.837783","indexId":"sim2994","displayToPublicDate":"2008-10-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2994","title":"Stratigraphic framework of Cambrian and Ordovician rocks in the Appalachian Basin from Sequatchie County, Tennessee through eastern Kentucky, to Mingo County, West Virginia","docAbstract":"Cross section H-H' is the seventh in a series of restored cross sections constructed by the lead author to show the stratigraphic framework of Cambrian and Ordovician rocks in the Appalachian basin from Pennsylvania to Tennessee. The sections show complexly intertongued carbonate and siliciclastic lithofacies, marked thickness variations, key marker horizons, unconformities, stratigraphic nomenclature of the Cambrian and Ordovician sequence, and major faults that offset Proterozoic basement and overlying lower Paleozoic rocks. Several of the drill holes along the cross section have yielded a variety of whole and (or) fragmented conodont elements. The identifiable conodonts are used to differentiate strata of Late Cambrian, Early Ordovician, and Middle Ordovician age, and their conodont color alteration index (CAI) values are used to establish the thermal maturity of the sequence. Previous cross sections in this series are G-G', F-F', E-E', D-D', C-C', and B-B'. Many of these cross sections (B-B', C-C', D-D', and G-G') have been improved with the addition of gamma-ray log traces, converted to digital images, and made accessible on the Web.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim2994","usgsCitation":"Ryder, R., Crangle, R., Repetski, J.E., and Harris, A.G., 2008, Stratigraphic framework of Cambrian and Ordovician rocks in the Appalachian Basin from Sequatchie County, Tennessee through eastern Kentucky, to Mingo County, West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2994, 1 Plate: 58 x 43 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2994.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 58 x 43 inches","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195318,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":110794,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_84767.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"84767"},{"id":11875,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2994/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Appalachian Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.15,\n 35.5\n ],\n [\n -85.15,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -82,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -82,\n 35.5\n ],\n [\n -85.15,\n 35.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b10fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryder, Robert T.","contributorId":77918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryder","given":"Robert T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crangle, Robert D. Jr.","contributorId":102948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crangle","given":"Robert D.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Repetski, John E. 0000-0002-2298-7120 jrepetski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2298-7120","contributorId":2596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Repetski","given":"John","email":"jrepetski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harris, Anita G.","contributorId":50162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"Anita","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":86656,"text":"gip58 - 2008 - The Geologic Time Spiral - A Path to the Past","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:30","indexId":"gip58","displayToPublicDate":"2008-10-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":315,"text":"General Information Product","code":"GIP","onlineIssn":"2332-354X","printIssn":"2332-3531","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"58","title":"The Geologic Time Spiral - A Path to the Past","docAbstract":"The Earth is very old - 4.5 billion years or more according to scientific estimates. Most of the evidence for an ancient Earth is contained in the rocks that form the Earth's crust. The rock layers themselves - like pages in a long and complicated history - record the events of the past, and buried within them are the remains of life - the plants and animals that evolved from organic structures that existed 3 billion years ago.\r\n\r\nAlso contained in rocks once molten are radioactive elements whose isotopes provide Earth with an atomic clock. Within these rocks, 'parent' isotopes decay at a predictable rate to form 'daughter' isotopes. By determining the relative amounts of parent and daughter isotopes, the age of these rocks can be calculated.\r\n\r\nThus, the scientific evidence from rock layers, from fossils, and from the ages of rocks as measured by atomic clocks attests to a very old Earth.\r\n\r\nSee USGS Fact Sheet 2007-3015 at http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2007/3015/ for ages of geologic time periods. Ages in the spiral have been rounded from the age estimates in the Fact Sheet. B.Y., billion years; M.Y., million years. For more information, see the booklet on Geologic Time at http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/geotime/.\r\n\r\nThe Geologic Time Spiral poster is available for purchase from the USGS Store.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/gip58","usgsCitation":"Graham, J., Newman, W., and Stacy, J., 2008, The Geologic Time Spiral - A Path to the Past (Version 1.1, Updated Sep 2008): U.S. Geological Survey General Information Product 58, Sheet: Available in letter (8.5 x 11 inches) or poster (18 x 24 inches) size; Text: 1 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/gip58.","productDescription":"Sheet: Available in letter (8.5 x 11 inches) or poster (18 x 24 inches) size; Text: 1 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125653,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/gip_58.jpg"},{"id":11871,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/2008/58/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.1, Updated Sep 2008","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c597","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graham, Joseph","contributorId":8573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Joseph","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newman, William","contributorId":18865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newman","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stacy, John","contributorId":85281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stacy","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":86279,"text":"ofr20081309 - 2008 - Applying the land use portfolio model to estimate natural-hazard loss and risk — A hypothetical demonstration for Ventura County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-14T20:04:39.184454","indexId":"ofr20081309","displayToPublicDate":"2008-10-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1309","title":"Applying the land use portfolio model to estimate natural-hazard loss and risk — A hypothetical demonstration for Ventura County, California","docAbstract":"With costs of natural disasters skyrocketing and populations increasingly settling in areas vulnerable to natural hazards, society is challenged to better allocate its limited risk-reduction resources. In 2000, Congress passed the Disaster Mitigation Act, amending the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, Pub. L. 93-288, 1988; Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2002, 2008b; Disaster Mitigation Act, 2000), mandating that State, local, and tribal communities prepare natural-hazard mitigation plans to qualify for pre-disaster mitigation grants and post-disaster aid. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) was assigned to coordinate and implement hazard-mitigation programs, and it published information about specific mitigation-plan requirements and the mechanisms (through the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program-HMGP) for distributing funds (Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2002). FEMA requires that each community develop a mitigation strategy outlining long-term goals to reduce natural-hazard vulnerability, mitigation objectives and specific actions to reduce the impacts of natural hazards, and an implementation plan for those actions. The implementation plan should explain methods for prioritizing, implementing, and administering the actions, along with a 'cost-benefit review' justifying the prioritization. \r\n\r\nFEMA, along with the National Institute of Building Sciences (NIBS), supported the development of HAZUS ('Hazards U.S.'), a geospatial natural-hazards loss-estimation tool, to help communities quantify potential losses and to aid in the selection and prioritization of mitigation actions. HAZUS was expanded to a multiple-hazard version, HAZUS-MH, that combines population, building, and natural-hazard science and economic data and models to estimate physical damages, replacement costs, and business interruption for specific natural-hazard scenarios. HAZUS-MH currently performs analyses for earthquakes, floods, and hurricane wind. \r\n\r\nHAZUS-MH loss estimates, however, do not account for some uncertainties associated with the specific natural-hazard scenarios, such as the likelihood of occurrence within a particular time horizon or the effectiveness of alternative risk-reduction options. Because of the uncertainties involved, it is challenging to make informative decisions about how to cost-effectively reduce risk from natural-hazard events. Risk analysis is one approach that decision-makers can use to evaluate alternative risk-reduction choices when outcomes are unknown. The Land Use Portfolio Model (LUPM), developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), is a geospatial scenario-based tool that incorporates hazard-event uncertainties to support risk analysis. The LUPM offers an approach to estimate and compare risks and returns from investments in risk-reduction measures. This paper describes and demonstrates a hypothetical application of the LUPM for Ventura County, California, and examines the challenges involved in developing decision tools that provide quantitative methods to estimate losses and analyze risk from natural hazards.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081309","usgsCitation":"Dinitz, L.B., 2008, Applying the land use portfolio model to estimate natural-hazard loss and risk — A hypothetical demonstration for Ventura County, California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1309, iii, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081309.","productDescription":"iii, 12 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":293,"text":"Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194796,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11863,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1309/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":402169,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_84757.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.4378662109375,\n 34.057210513510306\n ],\n [\n -118.6083984375,\n 34.057210513510306\n ],\n [\n -118.6083984375,\n 34.50542493789137\n ],\n [\n -119.4378662109375,\n 34.50542493789137\n ],\n [\n -119.4378662109375,\n 34.057210513510306\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a3d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dinitz, Laura B. ldinitz@usgs.gov","contributorId":3332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinitz","given":"Laura","email":"ldinitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":297388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":86274,"text":"ds371 - 2008 - Relational database for the geology of the northern Rocky Mountains— Idaho, Montana, and Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-20T11:43:44.330816","indexId":"ds371","displayToPublicDate":"2008-10-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"371","title":"Relational database for the geology of the northern Rocky Mountains— Idaho, Montana, and Washington","docAbstract":"A relational database was created to prepare and organize geologic map-unit and lithologic descriptions for input into a spatial database for the geology of the northern Rocky Mountains, a compilation of forty-three geologic maps for parts of Idaho, Montana, and Washington in U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 2005-1235. Not all of the information was transferred to and incorporated in the spatial database due to physical file limitations. This report releases that part of the relational database that was completed for that earlier product. In addition to descriptive geologic information for the northern Rocky Mountains region, the relational database contains a substantial bibliography of geologic literature for the area. \r\n\r\nThe relational database nrgeo.mdb (linked below) is available in Microsoft Access version 2000, a proprietary database program. The relational database contains data tables and other tables used to define terms, relationships between the data tables, and hierarchical relationships in the data; forms used to enter data; and queries used to extract data.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds371","usgsCitation":"Causey, J.D., Zientek, M.L., Bookstrom, A.A., Frost, T.P., Evans, K.V., Wilson, A.B., Van Gosen, B.S., Boleneus, D.E., and Pitts, R.A., 2008, Relational database for the geology of the northern Rocky Mountains— Idaho, Montana, and Washington (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 371, Report: vi, 37 p.; Database, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds371.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 37 p.; Database","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":658,"text":"Western Mineral Resources","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195788,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":389456,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_84762.htm"},{"id":11858,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/371/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana, Washington","otherGeospatial":"northern Rocky Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118,\n 42.9167\n ],\n [\n -109,\n 42.9167\n ],\n [\n -109,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -118,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -118,\n 42.9167\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db6349db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Causey, J. Douglas","contributorId":41398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Causey","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Douglas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zientek, Michael L. 0000-0002-8522-9626 mzientek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8522-9626","contributorId":2420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zientek","given":"Michael","email":"mzientek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bookstrom, Arthur A. 0000-0003-1336-3364 abookstrom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1336-3364","contributorId":1542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bookstrom","given":"Arthur","email":"abookstrom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Frost, Thomas P. 0000-0001-8348-8432 tfrost@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8348-8432","contributorId":203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frost","given":"Thomas","email":"tfrost@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Evans, Karl V. kvevans@usgs.gov","contributorId":194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"Karl","email":"kvevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":297360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wilson, Anna B. 0000-0002-9737-2614 awilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9737-2614","contributorId":1619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Anna","email":"awilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Van Gosen, Bradley S. 0000-0003-4214-3811 bvangose@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4214-3811","contributorId":1174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Gosen","given":"Bradley","email":"bvangose@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Boleneus, David E.","contributorId":87167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boleneus","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Pitts, Rebecca A.","contributorId":16119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitts","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":86272,"text":"fs20083079 - 2008 - CHIPS: Monitoring Colonias along the United States-Mexico border in Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T12:56:35","indexId":"fs20083079","displayToPublicDate":"2008-10-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-3079","title":"CHIPS: Monitoring Colonias along the United States-Mexico border in Texas","docAbstract":"Colonias, which are unincorporated border settlements in the United States, have emerged in rural areas without the governance and services normally provided by local government. The expansion of colonias in the United States-Mexico border region can be traced to the rapid growth associated with the Mexican Border Industrial Program during the 1960s. This rapid population growth created a lack of affordable housing, causing new migrants in the United States to purchase rural homestead lots through a contract-for-deed program from land developers. Because of the need to keep prices affordable and the absence of effective land-use controls, these homesteads expanded into rural subdivisions, commonly called colonias, without proper infrastructure. Colonias have been identified in the four U.S. border states, with Texas having designated the majority, which numbered over 1,400 colonias in 2001. Because the region is binationally interconnected economically, politically, and socially, the phenomenon of colonias in the United States is a transborder issue.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20083079","usgsCitation":"Parcher, J.W., 2008, CHIPS: Monitoring Colonias along the United States-Mexico border in Texas (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2008-3079, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20083079.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125660,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2008_3079.jpg"},{"id":327662,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3079/pdf/fs2008-3079.pdf","size":"1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":11855,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3079/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.91666666666667,25.833333333333332 ], [ -97.91666666666667,26.5 ], [ -97,26.5 ], [ -97,25.833333333333332 ], [ -97.91666666666667,25.833333333333332 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9871","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parcher, Jean W. jwparcher@usgs.gov","contributorId":2209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parcher","given":"Jean","email":"jwparcher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":297357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":86282,"text":"ofr20081301 - 2008 - Audiomagnetotelluric data and preliminary two-dimensional models from Spring, Dry Lake, and Delamar Valleys, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-18T06:18:33","indexId":"ofr20081301","displayToPublicDate":"2008-10-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1301","title":"Audiomagnetotelluric data and preliminary two-dimensional models from Spring, Dry Lake, and Delamar Valleys, Nevada","docAbstract":"This report presents audiomagnetotelluric (AMT) data along fourteen profiles in Spring, Delamar, and Dry Lake Valleys, and the corresponding preliminary two-dimensional (2-D) inverse models. The AMT method is a valuable tool for estimating the electrical resistivity of the Earth over depth ranges from a few meters to less than one kilometer, and it is important for revealing subsurface structure and stratigraphy within the Basin and Range province of eastern Nevada, which can be used to define the geohydrologic framework of the region. We collected AMT data by using the Geometrics StrataGem EH4 system. Profiles were 0.7 - 3.2 km in length with station spacing of 50-400 m. Data were recorded in a coordinate system parallel to and perpendicular to the regional geologic-strike direction with Z positive down. We show AMT station locations, sounding curves of apparent resistivity, phase, and coherency, and 2-D models of subsurface resistivity along the profiles. The 2-D inverse models are computed from the transverse electric (TE), transverse magnetic (TM), and TE+TM mode data by using a conjugate gradient, finite-difference method. Preliminary interpretation of the 2-D models defines the structural framework of the basins and the resistivity contrasts between alluvial basin-fill, volcanic units, and carbonate basement rocks.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081301","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Southern Nevada Water Authority (SNWA)","usgsCitation":"McPhee, D., Chuchel, B.A., and Pellerin, L., 2008, Audiomagnetotelluric data and preliminary two-dimensional models from Spring, Dry Lake, and Delamar Valleys, Nevada (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1301, Report: 59 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081301.","productDescription":"Report: 59 p.; Appendix","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":369258,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1301/of2008-1301_appendix_a.pdf"},{"id":11866,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1301/of2008-1301_text.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":194952,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.20013427734375,\n 38.826870521380634\n ],\n [\n -114.05044555664062,\n 38.826870521380634\n ],\n [\n -114.05044555664062,\n 39.02131757437681\n ],\n [\n -114.20013427734375,\n 39.02131757437681\n ],\n [\n -114.20013427734375,\n 38.826870521380634\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db6680db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McPhee, Darcy 0000-0002-5177-3068 dmcphee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5177-3068","contributorId":2621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McPhee","given":"Darcy","email":"dmcphee@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":412,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chuchel, Bruce A. chuchel@usgs.gov","contributorId":2415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chuchel","given":"Bruce","email":"chuchel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pellerin, Louise","contributorId":20824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pellerin","given":"Louise","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":86278,"text":"ofr20081310 - 2008 - A Bernoulli Formulation of the Land-Use Portfolio Model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:26","indexId":"ofr20081310","displayToPublicDate":"2008-10-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1310","title":"A Bernoulli Formulation of the Land-Use Portfolio Model","docAbstract":"Decision making for natural-hazards mitigation can be sketched as knowledge available in advance (a priori), knowledge available later (a posteriori), and how consequences of the mitigation decision might be viewed once future outcomes are known. Two outcomes - mitigating for a hazard event that will occur, and not mitigating for a hazard event that will not occur - can be considered narrowly correct. Two alternative outcomes - mitigating for a hazard event that will not occur, and not mitigating for a hazard event that will occur - can be considered narrowly incorrect. The dilemma facing the decision maker is that mitigation choices must be made before the event, and often must be made with imperfect statistical techniques and imperfect data.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081310","usgsCitation":"Champion, R.A., 2008, A Bernoulli Formulation of the Land-Use Portfolio Model (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1310, iii, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081310.","productDescription":"iii, 25 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":293,"text":"Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":11862,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1310/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195661,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd494ce4b0b290850ef07e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Champion, Richard A. rchampio@usgs.gov","contributorId":2537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Champion","given":"Richard","email":"rchampio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":297387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":86281,"text":"ofr20081305 - 2008 - Mormon cricket control in Utah's west desert - Evaluation of impacts of the pesticide Diflubenzuron on nontarget arthropod communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-11T09:51:55","indexId":"ofr20081305","displayToPublicDate":"2008-10-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1305","title":"Mormon cricket control in Utah's west desert - Evaluation of impacts of the pesticide Diflubenzuron on nontarget arthropod communities","docAbstract":"Grasshopper and Mormon cricket (Orthoptera) populations periodically build to extremely high numbers and can cause significant economic damage in rangelands and agricultural fields of the Great Plains and Intermountain West. A variety of insecticides have been applied to control population outbreaks, with recent efforts directed at minimizing impacts to nontarget fauna in treated ecosystems. A relatively new insecticide for control of Orthoptera is diflubenzuron, which acts to inhibit chitin production, ultimately causing death during the molt following ingestion of the insecticide. All arthropods, including insects, mites, and crustaceans, use chitin to build their exoskeletons and will die if they are unable to produce it during the next molt. Diflubenzuron is not taxon specific—it affects all arthropods that ingest it, except adult insects, which do not molt. Consequently, application of this pesticide has the potential to significantly reduce not only target populations but all terrestrial and aquatic arthropods within treatment zones.
Some research has been done in the Great Plains on the impact of diflubenzuron on nontarget arthropods in the context of grasshopper-control programs, but no work has been done in the Great Basin in Mormon cricket-control areas. This study was instigated in anticipation of the need for extensive control of Orthoptera outbreaks in Utah’s west desert during 2005, and it was designed to sample terrestrial and aquatic arthropod communities in both treated and untreated zones. Three areas were sampled: Grouse Creek, Ibapah, and Vernon. High mortality of Mormon cricket eggs in the wet, cool spring of 2005 restricted the need to control Mormon crickets to Grouse Creek. Diflubenzuron was applied (aerial reduced agent-area treatment) in May 2005. Terrestrial and aquatic arthropod communities were sampled before and after application of diflubenzuron in the Grouse Creek area of northwestern Utah in May and June of 2005. In July 2005, U.S. Geological Survey scientists sampled areas in Ibapah and Vernon that had been treated with diflubenzuron in 2004, along with adjacent untreated areas. Pitfall traps at four treated and four untreated sites were used to collect ground-dwelling terrestrial arthropods. Semiquantitative sweep surveys of aquatic habitats were made before treatment, 2 weeks after treatment, and 4 months after treatment (after leaf fall) at Grouse Creek. One-year post-treatment samples were collected by using the same methods for terrestrial and aquatic arthropods at Ibapah and Vernon in July 2005 (treatments applied in June 2004).
More than 124,000 terrestrial arthropods were collected from the three study areas, and more than 200,000 aquatic invertebrates were collected in the aquatic samples. Direct effects of diflubenzuron on aquatic and terrestrial arthropod communities were not apparent in our data from Grouse Creek. The treatment was designed to avoid spraying pesticide on water bodies, and no measurable effects on aquatic communities from either springs or streams were observed, with the exception of the reduction of taxa richness at Vernon (a result confounded by elevational differences in the treatment and nontreatment zones). Some trends indicate diflubenzuron may affect some terrestrial taxa. Ant communities showed some differences, with possible lag effects at Ibapah and Vernon. Forelius was more abundant, while Tapinoma and, perhaps, Formica declined in treated zones in these two study areas. Solenopsis also was more numerous at treated Ibapah sites but varied without pattern at Vernon. Scorpions were abundant at Grouse Creek and Ibapah but rare at Vernon. Numbers did not change during several weeks at Grouse Creek, but at Ibapah, numbers at treated sites were much lower than at untreated sites. The Lygaeidae (in the order Hemiptera) were more abundant in the untreated zones at Ibapah and Vernon, although significantly so only at Ibapah. Lygaeidae were absent from the treated zone at Grouse Creek (before and after treatment) but were present after treatment in the untreated zone. Additional research is recommended to determine more explicitly whether these taxa are sensitive to diflubenzuron applications in the Great Basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081305","usgsCitation":"Graham, T.B., Brasher, A., and Close, R.N., 2008, Mormon cricket control in Utah's west desert - Evaluation of impacts of the pesticide Diflubenzuron on nontarget arthropod communities: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1305, vi, 82 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081305.","productDescription":"vi, 82 p.","numberOfPages":"92","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194837,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339522,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1305/of2008-1305.pdf"},{"id":11865,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1305/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Grouse Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114,38 ], [ -114,42 ], [ -112,42 ], [ -112,38 ], [ -114,38 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b474d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graham, Tim B.","contributorId":105003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Tim","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brasher, Anne M.D.","contributorId":33686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brasher","given":"Anne M.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Close, Rebecca N.","contributorId":16803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Close","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":86271,"text":"fs20083068 - 2008 - Pesticides in Ground Water of Central and Western Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-10T12:54:03.986394","indexId":"fs20083068","displayToPublicDate":"2008-10-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-3068","title":"Pesticides in Ground Water of Central and Western Maryland","docAbstract":"Selected pesticides and degradates (products of pesticide degradation) are detectable in ground water in many parts of central and western Maryland, although concentrations are generally less than 0.1 micrograms per liter. Ground-water samples collected recently (1994-2003) from 72 wells in areas of Maryland underlain by consolidated carbonate, crystalline, or siliciclastic aquifers (areas north and west of the Fall Line) were analyzed for selected pesticides and degradates. Pesticides were typically detected in mixtures of multiple compounds in ground water, and degradates were commonly detected, often at greater concentrations than their respective parent compounds. No pesticides were observed at concentrations greater than established standards for drinking water, and nearly all observed concentrations were below other health-based guidelines. Although such standards and guidelines are generally much greater than measured concentrations in ground water, they do not exist for many detected compounds (particularly degradates), or for mixtures of multiple compounds. The distribution of pesticides and degradates in ground water is related to application practices, as well as chemical and environmental factors that affect the fate and movement of individual compounds.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20083068","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Maryland Department of Agriculture","usgsCitation":"Ator, S.W., and Reyes, B., 2008, Pesticides in Ground Water of Central and Western Maryland: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2008-3068, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20083068.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121194,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2008_3068.jpg"},{"id":11854,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3068/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80,38.5 ], [ -80,40 ], [ -75.5,40 ], [ -75.5,38.5 ], [ -80,38.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db6882bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ator, Scott W. 0000-0002-9186-4837 swator@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9186-4837","contributorId":781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ator","given":"Scott","email":"swator@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":375,"text":"Maryland, Delaware, and the District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":297355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reyes, Betzaida 0000-0002-1398-0824 breyes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1398-0824","contributorId":2250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reyes","given":"Betzaida","email":"breyes@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":86273,"text":"ds372 - 2008 - Summary of annual mean and annual harmonic mean statistics of daily mean streamflow for 620 U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations in Texas through water year 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T12:54:53","indexId":"ds372","displayToPublicDate":"2008-10-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"372","title":"Summary of annual mean and annual harmonic mean statistics of daily mean streamflow for 620 U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations in Texas through water year 2007","docAbstract":"Analysts and managers of surface-water resources have interest in annual mean and annual harmonic mean statistics of daily mean streamflow for U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamflow-gaging stations in Texas. The mean streamflow represents streamflow volume, whereas the harmonic mean streamflow represents an appropriate statistic for assessing constituent concentrations that might adversely affect human health. In 2008, the USGS, in cooperation with the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, conducted a large-scale documentation of mean and harmonic mean streamflow for 620 active and inactive, continuous-record, streamflow-gaging stations using period of record data through water year 2007. About 99 stations within the Texas USGS streamflow-gaging network are part of the larger national Hydroclimatic Data Network and are identified. The graphical depictions of annual mean and annual harmonic mean statistics in this report provide a historical perspective of streamflow at each station. Each figure consists of three time-series plots, two flow-duration curves, and a statistical summary of the mean annual and annual harmonic mean streamflow statistics for available data for each station.The first time-series plot depicts daily mean streamflow for the period 1900-2007. Flow-duration curves follow and are a graphical depiction of streamflow variability. Next, the remaining two time-series plots depict annual mean and annual harmonic mean streamflow and are augmented with horizontal lines that depict mean and harmonic mean for the period of record. Monotonic trends for the annual mean streamflow and annual harmonic mean streamflow also are identified using Kendall's tau, and the slope of the trend is depicted using the nonparametric (linear) Theil-Sen line, which is only drawn for p-values less than .10 of tau. The history of annual mean and annual harmonic mean streamflow of one or more streamflow-gaging stations could be used in a watershed, river basin, or other regional context by analysts and managers of surface-water resources to guide scientific, regulatory, or other inquiries of streamflow conditions in Texas.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds372","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Asquith, W.H., and Heitmuller, F.T., 2008, Summary of annual mean and annual harmonic mean statistics of daily mean streamflow for 620 U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations in Texas through water year 2007 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 372, Report: xxviii, 1259 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds372.","productDescription":"Report: xxviii, 1259 p.; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-10-01","temporalEnd":"2007-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190698,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds372.png"},{"id":327660,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/372/pdf/ds372.pdf","size":"204 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":327661,"rank":102,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/372/downloads/","text":"Downloads Directory"},{"id":11857,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/372/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.66666666666667,25.833333333333332 ], [ -106.66666666666667,36.5 ], [ -93.5,36.5 ], [ -93.5,25.833333333333332 ], [ -106.66666666666667,25.833333333333332 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db69955d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Asquith, William H. 0000-0002-7400-1861 wasquith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7400-1861","contributorId":1007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asquith","given":"William","email":"wasquith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heitmuller, Franklin T.","contributorId":67476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heitmuller","given":"Franklin","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":86280,"text":"ofr20081303 - 2008 - Southwestern Willow Flycatcher Breeding Site and Territory Summary - 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:49","indexId":"ofr20081303","displayToPublicDate":"2008-10-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1303","title":"Southwestern Willow Flycatcher Breeding Site and Territory Summary - 2007","docAbstract":"The Southwestern willow flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus; hereafter references to willow flycatcher and flycatcher refer to E.t. extimus, except where specifically noted) is an endangered bird that breeds only in dense riparian habitats in parts of six Southwestern states (Arizona, New Mexico, southern California, extreme southern Nevada, southern Utah, and southwestern Colorado). Since 1993, hundreds of Southwestern willow flycatcher surveys have been conducted each year, and many new flycatcher breeding sites located. This document synthesizes the most current information available on all known Southwestern willow flycatcher breeding sites. \r\n\r\nThis rangewide data synthesis was designed to meet two objectives: (1) identify all known Southwestern willow flycatcher breeding sites and (2) assemble data to estimate population size, location, habitat, and other information for all breeding sites, for as many years as possible, from 1993 through 2007. \r\n\r\nThis report provides data summaries in terms of the number of flycatcher sites and the number of territories. When interpreting and using this information, it must be kept in mind that a 'site' is a geographic location where one or more willow flycatchers establishes a territory. Sites with unpaired territorial males are considered breeding sites, even if no nesting attempts were documented. A site is often a discrete patch of riparian habitat but may also be a cluster of riparian patches; there is no standardized definition for site, and its use varies within and among states. For example, five occupied habitat patches along a 10-km stretch of river might be considered five different sites in one state but only a single site in another state. This lack of standardization makes comparisons based on site numbers problematic. Researchers for this report generally deferred to statewide summary documents or to local managers and researchers when delineating a site for inclusion in the database. However, to avoid inflating the number of sites and to establish more consistent definitions of the term 'site', adjacent and nearby sites from statewide reports were sometimes considered as a single site for the purposes of the rangewide data summary. Any combining or splitting of sites at the rangewide level was done on a case-by-case basis. Because of differences in site definitions, one should not evaluate the relative importance of a geographic region (such as drainage, watershed, or state) simply according to the number of flycatcher sites. \r\n\r\nA 'territory' is an exclusive defended area within a breeding site. Although detailed monitoring studies have identified unpaired territorial males and polygynous males at some flycatcher breeding sites, for the purposes of this report a territory is equivalent to the exclusive breeding area of a pair of flycatchers. \r\n\r\nIn general, the concept of territory is more similar among states and different investigators than site; thus, it is a more robust unit to use for summaries and comparisons. However, note that the definition of a polygynous territory is not consistent among states; a male polygynously paired with two females would be considered one territory in some states and two territories in other states. For each site, we referred to reports or spoke directly with researchers and managers to gather information such as management entity/agency, location (state, drainage, elevation), gross habitat type (native, exotic, or mixed; dominant tree species), and number of flycatcher territories. \r\n\r\nSynthesizing the information on more than 200 breeding sites is challenging because annual data-collection and survey-reporting requirements are not standardized rangewide, and the nature and degree of readily available information varies widely from state to state. This is particularly true for areas such as California, where there are many flycatcher sites but surveyors are not required to submit standardized flycatcher survey forms. The lack of c","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081303","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Arizona Game and Fish Department, New Mexico Game and Fish Department, and Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Durst, S., Sogge, M.K., Stump, S.D., Walker, H.A., Kus, B., and Sferra, S.J., 2008, Southwestern Willow Flycatcher Breeding Site and Territory Summary - 2007 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1303, iv, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081303.","productDescription":"iv, 31 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195184,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11864,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1303/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.5,28.5 ], [ -120.5,42.5 ], [ -101.5,42.5 ], [ -101.5,28.5 ], [ -120.5,28.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e71a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Durst, Scott L.","contributorId":94746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durst","given":"Scott L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sogge, Mark K. 0000-0002-8337-5689 mark_sogge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8337-5689","contributorId":3710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sogge","given":"Mark","email":"mark_sogge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stump, Shay D.","contributorId":43058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stump","given":"Shay","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walker, Hira A.","contributorId":10114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"Hira","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kus, Barbara E. 0000-0002-3679-3044 barbara_kus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3679-3044","contributorId":3026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kus","given":"Barbara E.","email":"barbara_kus@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sferra, Susan J.","contributorId":57964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sferra","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":86270,"text":"ofr20081208 - 2008 - Procedures for Collecting and Processing Aquatic Invertebrates and Fish for Analysis of Mercury as Part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:27","indexId":"ofr20081208","displayToPublicDate":"2008-10-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1208","title":"Procedures for Collecting and Processing Aquatic Invertebrates and Fish for Analysis of Mercury as Part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program","docAbstract":"Mercury studies conducted as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program have included nationwide reconnaissance samplings of hundreds of stream sites, as well as detailed, process-oriented research at selected sites. These reconnaissance and detailed studies are intended to provide a better understanding of methylmercury bioaccumulation in stream ecosystems over a range of environmental settings. This publication describes trace-element-clean techniques used for collection and processing of aquatic invertebrates and fish to be analyzed for total mercury, methylmercury, and stable isotopes as part of NAWQA studies.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081208","usgsCitation":"Scudder, B.C., Chasar, L.C., DeWeese, L.R., Brigham, M.E., Wentz, D.A., and Brumbaugh, W.G., 2008, Procedures for Collecting and Processing Aquatic Invertebrates and Fish for Analysis of Mercury as Part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1208, Report: viii, 35 p.; 16 Forms (PDFs), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081208.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 35 p.; 16 Forms (PDFs)","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195634,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11853,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1208/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689dae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scudder, Barbara C.","contributorId":100319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scudder","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chasar, Lia C.","contributorId":91196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chasar","given":"Lia","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeWeese, L. Rod","contributorId":39045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWeese","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"Rod","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brigham, Mark E. 0000-0001-7412-6800 mbrigham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7412-6800","contributorId":1840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brigham","given":"Mark","email":"mbrigham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wentz, Dennis A. dawentz@usgs.gov","contributorId":1838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wentz","given":"Dennis","email":"dawentz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":297350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brumbaugh, William G. 0000-0003-0081-375X bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0081-375X","contributorId":493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"William","email":"bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":86276,"text":"pp1756 - 2008 - The Role of Eolian Sediment in the Preservation of Archeologic Sites Along the Colorado River Corridor in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:46","indexId":"pp1756","displayToPublicDate":"2008-10-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1756","title":"The Role of Eolian Sediment in the Preservation of Archeologic Sites Along the Colorado River Corridor in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona","docAbstract":"Since the closure of Glen Canyon Dam in 1963, the natural hydrologic and sedimentary systems along the Colorado River in the Grand Canyon reach have changed substantially (see, for example, Andrews, 1986; Johnson and Carothers, 1987; Webb and others, 1999b; Rubin and others, 2002; Topping and others, 2003; Wright and others, 2005; Hazel and others, 2006b). The dam has reduced the fluvial sediment supply at the upstream boundary of Grand Canyon National Park by about 95 percent. Regulation of river discharge by dam operations has important implications for the storage and redistribution of sediment in the Colorado River corridor. In the absence of floods, sediment is not deposited at elevations that regularly received sediment before dam closure. Riparian vegetation has colonized areas at lower elevations than in predam time when annual floods removed young vegetation (Turner and Karpiscak, 1980). Together, these factors have caused a systemwide decrease in the size and number of subaerially exposed fluvial sand deposits since the 1960s, punctuated by episodic aggradation during the exceptional high-flow intervals in 1983-84, 1996, and 2004 and by sediment input from occasional tributary floods (Beus and others, 1985; Schmidt and Graf, 1987; Kearsley and others, 1994; Hazel and others, 1999; Schmidt and others, 2004; Wright and others, 2005).\r\n\r\nWhen the Bureau of Reclamation sponsored the creation of the Glen Canyon Environmental Studies (GCES) research initiative in 1982, research objectives included physical and biologic resources, whereas the effects of dam operations\r\non cultural resources were not addressed (Fairley and others, 1994; Fairley, 2003). In the early 1980s, it was widely believed that because few archeologic sites were preserved within the river's annual-flood zone, cultural features would not be greatly affected by dam operations. Recent studies, however, indicate that alterations in the flow and sediment load of the Colorado River by Glen Canyon Dam operations may affect archeologic sites within the river corridor, even above the annual flood limit (Hereford and others, 1993, Yeatts, 1996, 1997; Thompson and Potochnik, 2000; Draut and others, 2005). (The annual-flood zone is defined here by the mean annual predam flood of 2,410 m3/s; the 'predam flood limit', the highest elevation at which fluvial deposits are present locally, was approximately equivalent to a rare, major flood of 8,500 m3/s; Topping and others, 2003.) Of about 500 archeologic sites documented between Glen Canyon Dam and Separation Canyon (255 river miles), more than 330 are considered to be within the area of potential effect (APE) of dam operations (Fairley and others, 1994; Neal and others, 2000; Fairley, 2005). The APE was designated by the National Park Service (NPS) to include the area below the peak stage of the 1884 flood; though previously believed to have reached 8,490 m3/s, this flood was shown by Topping and others (2003) to have peaked at 5,940 m3/s.\r\n\r\nArcheologic research and monitoring in Grand Canyon National Park focus increasingly on the potential effects of Glen Canyon Dam operations on the landscape in which these sites exist. Many archeologic sites in or on sedimentary deposits are being eroded, owing to eolian deflation and gully incision (Leap and others, 2000; Neal and others, 2000; Fairley, 2003, 2005). Hereford and others (1993) first suggested that gully incision of sedimentary deposits, and the base level to which small drainage systems respond, were linked to dam operations; they hypothesized that pronounced arroyo incision, which occurs during rainfall runoff, was caused by lowering of the effective base level at the mouths of ephemeral drainages to meet the new postdam elevation of high-flow sediment deposition, about 3 to 4 m below the lowest predam alluvial terraces. Thompson and Potochnik (2000) modified that hypothesis to include the restorative effects of fluvial deposition in the mouths of gullies and ar","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/pp1756","usgsCitation":"Draut, A.E., and Rubin, D.M., 2008, The Role of Eolian Sediment in the Preservation of Archeologic Sites Along the Colorado River Corridor in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1756, vi, 71 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1756.","productDescription":"vi, 71 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":645,"text":"Western Coastal and Marine Geology","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195660,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp1756.jpg"},{"id":11860,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1756/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114,35.3 ], [ -114,37 ], [ -111,37 ], [ -111,35.3 ], [ -114,35.3 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67ac8b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Draut, Amy E.","contributorId":92215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Draut","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rubin, David M. 0000-0003-1169-1452 drubin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1169-1452","contributorId":3159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"David","email":"drubin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":86277,"text":"ofr20081308 - 2008 - Description of Existing Data for Integrated Landscape Monitoring in the Puget Sound Basin, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:50","indexId":"ofr20081308","displayToPublicDate":"2008-10-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1308","title":"Description of Existing Data for Integrated Landscape Monitoring in the Puget Sound Basin, Washington","docAbstract":"This report summarizes existing geospatial data and monitoring programs for the Puget Sound Basin in northwestern Washington. This information was assembled as a preliminary data-development task for the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Puget Sound Integrated Landscape Monitoring (PSILM) pilot project. The PSILM project seeks to support natural resource decision-making by developing a 'whole system' approach that links ecological processes at the landscape level to the local level (Benjamin and others, 2008). Part of this effort will include building the capacity to provide cumulative information about impacts that cross jurisdictional and regulatory boundaries, such as cumulative effects of land-cover change and shoreline modification, or region-wide responses to climate change. \r\n\r\nThe PSILM project study area is defined as the 23 HUC-8 (hydrologic unit code) catchments that comprise the watersheds that drain into Puget Sound and their near-shore environments. The study area includes 13 counties and more than four million people. One goal of the PSILM geospatial database is to integrate spatial data collected at multiple scales across the Puget Sound Basin marine and terrestrial landscape. \r\n\r\nThe PSILM work plan specifies an iterative process that alternates between tasks associated with data development and tasks associated with research or strategy development. For example, an initial work-plan goal was to delineate the study area boundary. Geospatial data required to address this task included data from ecological regions, watersheds, jurisdictions, and other boundaries. This assemblage of data provided the basis for identifying larger research issues and delineating the study-area boundary based on these research needs. Once the study-area boundary was agreed upon, the next iteration between data development and research activities was guided by questions about data availability, data extent, data abundance, and data types.\r\n\r\nThis report is not intended as an exhaustive compilation of all available geospatial data, rather, it is a collection of information about geospatial data that can be used to help answer the suite of questions posed after the study-area boundary was defined. This information will also be useful to the PSILM team for future project tasks, such as assessing monitoring gaps, exploring monitoring-design strategies, identifying and deriving landscape indicators and metrics, and visual geographic communication.\r\n\r\nThe two main geospatial data types referenced in this report - base-reference layers and monitoring data - originated from numerous and varied sources. In addition to collecting information and metadata about the base-reference layers, the data also were collected for project needs, such as developing maps for visual communication among team members and with outside groups. In contrast, only information about the data was typically required for the monitoring data. The information on base-reference layers and monitoring data included in this report is only as detailed as what was readily available from the sources themselves. Although this report may appear to lack consistency between data records, the varying degree of details contained in this report are merely a reflection of varying source detail.\r\n\r\nThis compilation is just a beginning. All data listed also are being catalogued in spreadsheets and knowledge-management systems. Our efforts are continual as we develop a geospatial catalog for the PSILM pilot project.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081308","usgsCitation":"Aiello, D., Torregrosa, A.A., Jason, A.L., Fuentes, T.L., and Josberger, E.G., 2008, Description of Existing Data for Integrated Landscape Monitoring in the Puget Sound Basin, Washington (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1308, ix, 105 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081308.","productDescription":"ix, 105 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":293,"text":"Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":11861,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1308/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195167,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.5,44 ], [ -124.5,49 ], [ -119,49 ], [ -119,44 ], [ -124.5,44 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66da10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aiello, Danielle P.","contributorId":107243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiello","given":"Danielle P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Torregrosa, Alicia A. 0000-0001-7361-2241 atorregrosa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7361-2241","contributorId":3471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torregrosa","given":"Alicia","email":"atorregrosa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jason, Allyson L. ajason@usgs.gov","contributorId":5754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jason","given":"Allyson","email":"ajason@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fuentes, Tracy L.","contributorId":8952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuentes","given":"Tracy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Josberger, Edward G. ejosberg@usgs.gov","contributorId":1710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Josberger","given":"Edward","email":"ejosberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":297382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":86269,"text":"ofr20081306 - 2008 - Major- and trace-element concentrations in soils from northern California: Results from the Geochemical Landscapes Project pilot study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T19:31:56.782111","indexId":"ofr20081306","displayToPublicDate":"2008-10-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1306","title":"Major- and trace-element concentrations in soils from northern California: Results from the Geochemical Landscapes Project pilot study","docAbstract":"In 2004, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC), and the Mexican Geological Survey (Servicio Geologico Mexicano, or SGM) initiated pilot studies in preparation for a soil geochemical survey of North America called the Geochemical Landscapes Project. The purpose of this project is to provide a better understanding of the variability in chemical composition of soils in North America. The data produced by this survey will be used to construct baseline geochemical maps for regions within the continent. Two initial pilot studies were conducted: (1) a continental-scale study involving a north-south and east-west transect across North America and (2) a regional-scale study. The pilot studies were intended to test and refine sample design, sampling protocols, and field logistics for the full continental soils geochemical survey. Smith and others (2005) reported the results from the continental-scale pilot study. The regional-scale California study was designed to represent more detailed, higher resolution geochemical investigations in a region of particular interest that was identified from the low-sample-density continental-scale survey. \r\n\r\nA 20,000-km2 area of northern California (fig. 1), representing a wide variety of topography, climate, and ecoregions, was chosen for the regional-scale pilot study. This study area also contains diverse geology and soil types and supports a wide range of land uses including agriculture in the Sacramento Valley, forested areas in portions of the Sierra Nevada, and urban/suburban centers such as Sacramento, Davis, and Stockton. Also of interest are potential effects on soil geochemistry from historical hard rock and placer gold mining in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada, historical mercury mining in the Coast Range, and mining of base-metal sulfide deposits in the Klamath Mountains to the north. This report presents the major- and trace-element concentrations from the regional-scale soil geochemical survey in northern California.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081306","usgsCitation":"Morrison, J.M., Goldhaber, M.B., Holloway, J.M., and Smith, D., 2008, Major- and trace-element concentrations in soils from northern California: Results from the Geochemical Landscapes Project pilot study (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1306, Report; iv, 7 p.; Metadata; Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081306.","productDescription":"Report; iv, 7 p.; Metadata; Tables","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":213,"text":"Crustal Imaging and Characterization Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":402878,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_84596.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":11852,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1306/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":190889,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.14025878906249,\n 37.74031329210266\n ],\n [\n -119.84985351562499,\n 37.74031329210266\n ],\n [\n -119.84985351562499,\n 39.52099229357195\n ],\n [\n -123.14025878906249,\n 39.52099229357195\n ],\n [\n -123.14025878906249,\n 37.74031329210266\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db64982a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morrison, Jean M. 0000-0002-6614-8783 jmorrison@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6614-8783","contributorId":994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrison","given":"Jean","email":"jmorrison@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldhaber, Martin B. 0000-0002-1785-4243 mgold@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1785-4243","contributorId":1339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldhaber","given":"Martin","email":"mgold@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holloway, JoAnn M. 0000-0003-3603-7668 jholloway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3603-7668","contributorId":918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holloway","given":"JoAnn","email":"jholloway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, David B. 0000-0001-8396-9105 dsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8396-9105","contributorId":1274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David B.","email":"dsmith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":297347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":86266,"text":"ds361 - 2008 - Collection and analysis of samples for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in dust and other solids related to sealed and unsealed pavement from 10 cities across the United States, 2005-07","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T13:00:41","indexId":"ds361","displayToPublicDate":"2008-10-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"361","title":"Collection and analysis of samples for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in dust and other solids related to sealed and unsealed pavement from 10 cities across the United States, 2005-07","docAbstract":"Parking lots and driveways are dominant features of the modern urban landscape, and in the United States, sealcoat is widely used on these surfaces. One of the most widely used types of sealcoat contains refined coal tar; coal-tar-based sealcoat products have a mean polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentration of about 5 percent. A previous study reported that parking lots in Austin, Texas, treated with coal-tar sealcoat were a major source of PAH compounds in streams. This report presents methods for and data from the analysis of concentrations of PAH compounds in dust from sealed and unsealed pavement from nine U.S. cities, and concentrations of PAH compounds in other related solid materials (sealcoat surface scrapings, nearby street dust, and nearby soil) from three of those same cities and a 10th city. Dust samples were collected by sweeping dust from areas of several square meters with a soft nylon brush into a dustpan. Some samples were from individual lots or driveways, and some samples consisted of approximately equal amounts of material from three lots. Samples were sieved to remove coarse sand and gravel and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Concentrations of PAHs vary greatly among samples with total PAH (sigmaPAH), the sum of 12 unsubstituted parent PAHs, ranging from nondetection for all 12 PAHs (several samples from Portland, Oregon, and Seattle, Washington; sigmaPAH of less than 36,000 micrograms per kilogram) to 19,000,000 micrograms per kilogram for a sealcoat scraping sample (Milwaukee, Wisconsin). The largest PAH concentrations in dust are from a driveway sample from suburban Chicago, Illinois (sigmaPAH of 9,600,000 micrograms per kilogram).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds361","usgsCitation":"Van Metre, P., Mahler, B., Wilson, J.T., and Burbank, T.L., 2008, Collection and analysis of samples for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in dust and other solids related to sealed and unsealed pavement from 10 cities across the United States, 2005-07 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 361, Report: 11 p.; 3 Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds361.","productDescription":"Report: 11 p.; 3 Tables","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2005-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195204,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds361.gif"},{"id":327666,"rank":102,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/361/downloads/","text":"Downloads Directory"},{"id":327665,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/361/pdf/ds361.pdf","size":"9.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":11848,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/361/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae8e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Metre, Peter C.","contributorId":34104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Metre","given":"Peter C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mahler, Barbara 0000-0002-9150-9552 bjmahler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9150-9552","contributorId":1249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahler","given":"Barbara","email":"bjmahler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, Jennifer T. 0000-0003-4481-6354 jenwilso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-6354","contributorId":1782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Jennifer","email":"jenwilso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burbank, Teresa L. tburbank@usgs.gov","contributorId":2048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burbank","given":"Teresa","email":"tburbank@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":297340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":86260,"text":"sir20085162 - 2008 - Hydrologic and Water-Quality Responses in Shallow Ground Water Receiving Stormwater Runoff and Potential Transport of Contaminants to Lake Tahoe, California and Nevada, 2005-07","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:22","indexId":"sir20085162","displayToPublicDate":"2008-10-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5162","title":"Hydrologic and Water-Quality Responses in Shallow Ground Water Receiving Stormwater Runoff and Potential Transport of Contaminants to Lake Tahoe, California and Nevada, 2005-07","docAbstract":"Clarity of Lake Tahoe, California and Nevada has been decreasing due to inflows of sediment and nutrients associated with stormwater runoff. Detention basins are considered effective best management practices for mitigation of suspended sediment and nutrients associated with runoff, but effects of infiltrated stormwater on shallow ground water are not known. This report documents 2005-07 hydrogeologic conditions in a shallow aquifer and associated interactions between a stormwater-control system with nearby Lake Tahoe. Selected chemical qualities of stormwater, bottom sediment from a stormwater detention basin, ground water, and nearshore lake and interstitial water are characterized and coupled with results of a three-dimensional, finite-difference, mathematical model to evaluate responses of ground-water flow to stormwater-runoff accumulation in the stormwater-control system.\r\n\r\nThe results of the ground-water flow model indicate mean ground-water discharge of 256 acre feet per year, contributing 27 pounds of phosphorus and 765 pounds of nitrogen to Lake Tahoe within the modeled area. Only 0.24 percent of this volume and nutrient load is attributed to stormwater infiltration from the detention basin.\r\n\r\nSettling of suspended nutrients and sediment, biological assimilation of dissolved nutrients, and sorption and detention of chemicals of potential concern in bottom sediment are the primary stormwater treatments achieved by the detention basins. Mean concentrations of unfiltered nitrogen and phosphorus in inflow stormwater samples compared to outflow samples show that 55 percent of nitrogen and 47 percent of phosphorus are trapped by the detention basin. Organic carbon, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, phosphorus, and zinc in the uppermost 0.2 foot of bottom sediment from the detention basin were all at least twice as concentrated compared to sediment collected from 1.5 feet deeper. Similarly, concentrations of 28 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds were all less than laboratory reporting limits in the deeper sediment sample, but 15 compounds were detected in the uppermost 0.2 foot of sediment. Published concentrations determined to affect benthic aquatic life also were exceeded for copper, zinc, benz[a]anthracene, phenanthrene, and pyrene in the shallow sediment sample.\r\n\r\nIsotopic composition of water (oxygen 18/16 and hydrogen 2/1 ratios) for samples of shallow ground water, lakewater, and interstitial water from Lake Tahoe indicate the lake was well mixed with a slight ground-water signature in samples collected near the lakebed. One interstitial sample from 0.8 foot beneath the lakebed was nearly all ground water and concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus were comparable to concentrations in shallow ground-water samples. However, ammonium represented 65 percent of filtered nitrogen in this interstitial sample, but only 10 percent of the average nitrogen in ground-water samples. Nitrate was less than reporting limits in interstitial water, compared with mean nitrate concentration of 750 micrograms per liter in ground-water samples, indicating either active dissimilative nitrate reduction to ammonium by micro-organisms or hydrolysis of organic nitrogen to ammonium with concomitant nitrate reduction. The other interstitial sample falls along a mixing line between ground water and lake water and most of the nitrogen was organic nitrogen.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085162","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Green, J.M., Thodal, C.E., and Welborn, T.L., 2008, Hydrologic and Water-Quality Responses in Shallow Ground Water Receiving Stormwater Runoff and Potential Transport of Contaminants to Lake Tahoe, California and Nevada, 2005-07 (Version 1.1, Revised Dec 2008): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5162, Report: vi, 65 p.; Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085162.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 65 p.; Appendixes","temporalStart":"2005-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190849,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11842,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5162/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.08333333333333,38.833333333333336 ], [ -120.08333333333333,39 ], [ -119.83333333333333,39 ], [ -119.83333333333333,38.833333333333336 ], [ -120.08333333333333,38.833333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.1, Revised Dec 2008","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611893","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Green, Jena M.","contributorId":77597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Jena","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thodal, Carl E. 0000-0003-0782-3280 cethodal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0782-3280","contributorId":2292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thodal","given":"Carl","email":"cethodal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Welborn, Toby L. 0000-0003-4839-2405 tlwelbor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4839-2405","contributorId":2295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welborn","given":"Toby","email":"tlwelbor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":86268,"text":"sir20085137 - 2008 - Potentiometric Surface of the Ozark Aquifer in Northern Arkansas, 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:43","indexId":"sir20085137","displayToPublicDate":"2008-10-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5137","title":"Potentiometric Surface of the Ozark Aquifer in Northern Arkansas, 2007","docAbstract":"The Ozark aquifer in northern Arkansas is composed of dolomite, limestone, sandstone, and shale of Late Cambrian to Middle Devonian age, and ranges in thickness from approximately 1,100 feet to more than 4,000 feet. Hydrologically, the aquifer is complex, characterized by discrete and discontinuous flow components with large variations in permeability. \r\n\r\nThe potentiometric-surface map, based on 58 well and 5 spring water-level measurements collected in 2007 in Arkansas and Missouri, has a maximum water-level altitude measurement of 1,169 feet in Carroll County and a minimum water-level altitude measurement of 118 feet in Randolph County. Regionally, the flow within the aquifer is to the south and southeast in the eastern and central part of the study area and to the west, northwest, and north in the western part of the study area. Comparing the 2007 potentiometric-surface map with a predevelopment potentiometric-surface map indicates general agreement between the two surfaces except in the northwestern part of the study area. Potentiometric-surface differences can be attributed to withdrawals related to increasing population, changes in public-supply sources, processes or water withdrawals outside the study area, or differences in data-collection or map-construction methods.\r\n\r\nThe rapidly increasing population within the study area appears to have some effect on ground-water levels. Although, the effect appears to have been minimized by the development and use of surface-water distribution infrastructure, suggesting most of the incoming populations are fulfilling their water needs from surface-water sources. The conversion of some users from ground water to surface water may be allowing water levels in wells to recover (rise) or decline at a slower rate, such as in Benton, Carroll, and Washington Counties.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20085137","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Arkansas Natural Resources Commission and the Arkansas Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Pugh, A., 2008, Potentiometric Surface of the Ozark Aquifer in Northern Arkansas, 2007 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5137, Report: iv, 16 p.; Plate: 17 x 11 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085137.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 16 p.; Plate: 17 x 11 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2007-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110792,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_84593.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"84593"},{"id":194767,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11850,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5137/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.75,35.5 ], [ -94.75,36.5 ], [ -90.75,36.5 ], [ -90.75,35.5 ], [ -94.75,35.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bbf4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pugh, Aaron L. apugh@usgs.gov","contributorId":2480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pugh","given":"Aaron L.","email":"apugh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":86264,"text":"ds375 - 2008 - Total mercury, methylmercury, methylmercury production potential, and ancillary streambed-sediment and pore-water data for selected streams in Oregon, Wisconsin, and Florida, 2003-04","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-07T18:45:15.710659","indexId":"ds375","displayToPublicDate":"2008-10-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"375","displayTitle":"Total Mercury, Methylmercury, Methylmercury Production Potential, and Ancillary Streambed-Sediment and Pore-Water Data for Selected Streams in Oregon, Wisconsin, and Florida, 2003-04","title":"Total mercury, methylmercury, methylmercury production potential, and ancillary streambed-sediment and pore-water data for selected streams in Oregon, Wisconsin, and Florida, 2003-04","docAbstract":"Mercury contamination of aquatic ecosystems is an issue of national concern, affecting both wildlife and human health. Detailed information on mercury cycling and food-web bioaccumulation in stream settings and the factors that control these processes is currently limited. In response, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water-Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA) conducted detailed studies from 2002 to 2006 on various media to enhance process-level understanding of mercury contamination, biogeochemical cycling, and trophic transfer. Eight streams were sampled for this study: two streams in Oregon, and three streams each in Wisconsin and Florida. Streambed-sediment and pore-water samples were collected between February 2003 and September 2004. This report summarizes the suite of geochemical and microbial constituents measured, the analytical methods used, and provides the raw data in electronic form for both bed-sediment and pore-water media associated with this study.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds375","usgsCitation":"Marvin-DiPasquale, M.C., Lutz, M., Krabbenhoft, D.P., Aiken, G.R., Orem, W.H., Hall, B.D., DeWild, J.F., and Brigham, M.E., 2008, Total mercury, methylmercury, methylmercury production potential, and ancillary streambed-sediment and pore-water data for selected streams in Oregon, Wisconsin, and Florida, 2003-04: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 375, viii, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds375.","productDescription":"viii, 25 p.","temporalStart":"2003-02-01","temporalEnd":"2004-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629b52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark C. 0000-0002-8186-9167 mmarvin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8186-9167","contributorId":1485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin-DiPasquale","given":"Mark","email":"mmarvin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lutz, Michelle A.","contributorId":32862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lutz","given":"Michelle A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, David P. 0000-0003-1964-5020 dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":1658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"David","email":"dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Orem, William H. 0000-0003-4990-0539 borem@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orem","given":"William","email":"borem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hall, Britt D.","contributorId":27161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"Britt","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"DeWild, John F. 0000-0003-4097-2798 jfdewild@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4097-2798","contributorId":2525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWild","given":"John","email":"jfdewild@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Brigham, Mark E. 0000-0001-7412-6800 mbrigham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7412-6800","contributorId":1840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brigham","given":"Mark","email":"mbrigham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":86267,"text":"sir20085161 - 2008 - Estimation of potential bridge scour at bridges on state routes in South Dakota, 2003-07","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-14T12:22:38","indexId":"sir20085161","displayToPublicDate":"2008-10-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5161","title":"Estimation of potential bridge scour at bridges on state routes in South Dakota, 2003-07","docAbstract":"Flowing water can erode (scour) soils and cause structural failure of a bridge by exposing or undermining bridge foundations (abutments and piers). A rapid scour-estimation technique, known as the level-1.5 method and developed by the U.S. Geological Survey, was used to evaluate potential scour at bridges in South Dakota in a study conducted in cooperation with the South Dakota Department of Transportation. This method was used during 2003-07 to estimate scour for the 100-year and 500-year floods at 734 selected bridges managed by the South Dakota Department of Transportation on State routes in South Dakota. \r\n\r\nScour depths and other parameters estimated from the level-1.5 analyses are presented in tabular form. Estimates of potential contraction scour at the 734 bridges ranged from 0 to 33.9 feet for the 100-year flood and from 0 to 35.8 feet for the 500-year flood. Abutment scour ranged from 0 to 36.9 feet for the 100-year flood and from 0 to 45.9 feet for the 500-year flood. Pier scour ranged from 0 to 30.8 feet for the 100-year flood and from 0 to 30.7 feet for the 500-year flood. The scour depths estimated by using the level-1.5 method can be used by the South Dakota Department of Transportation and others to identify bridges that may be susceptible to scour.\r\n\r\nScour at 19 selected bridges also was estimated by using the level-2 method. Estimates of contraction, abutment, and pier scour calculated by using the level-1.5 and level-2 methods are presented in tabular and graphical formats. Compared to level-2 scour estimates, the level-1.5 method generally overestimated scour as designed, or in a few cases slightly underestimated scour. Results of the level-2 analyses were used to develop regression equations for change in head and average velocity through the bridge opening. These regression equations derived from South Dakota data are compared to similar regression equations derived from Montana and Colorado data. Future level-1.5 scour investigations in South Dakota may benefit from the use of these South Dakota-specific regression equations for estimating change in stream head and average velocity at the bridge.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085161","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the South Dakota Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Thompson, R.F., and Fosness, R.L., 2008, Estimation of potential bridge scour at bridges on state routes in South Dakota, 2003-07 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5161, Report: iv, 19 p.; Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085161.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 19 p.; Appendixes","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2003-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195032,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11849,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5161/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.16666666666667,42.5 ], [ -104.16666666666667,46 ], [ -96.5,46 ], [ -96.5,42.5 ], [ -104.16666666666667,42.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db68657c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, Ryan F. 0000-0002-4544-6108 rcthomps@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4544-6108","contributorId":2702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Ryan","email":"rcthomps@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fosness, Ryan L. 0000-0003-4089-2704 rfosness@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4089-2704","contributorId":2703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fosness","given":"Ryan","email":"rfosness@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":86265,"text":"ds368 - 2008 - Occurrence of endocrine active compounds and biological responses in the Mississippi River— Study design and data, June through August 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-08T15:04:08.430952","indexId":"ds368","displayToPublicDate":"2008-10-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"368","title":"Occurrence of endocrine active compounds and biological responses in the Mississippi River— Study design and data, June through August 2006","docAbstract":"Concern that selected chemicals in the environment may act as endocrine active compounds in aquatic ecosystems is widespread; however, few studies have examined the occurrence of endocrine active compounds and identified biological markers of endocrine disruption such as intersex occurrence in fish longitudinally in a river system. This report presents environmental data collected and analyzed by the U.S. Geological Survey, Minnesota Pollution Control Agency and St. Cloud State University as part of an integrated biological and chemical study of endocrine disruption in fish in the Mississippi River. Data were collected from water, bed sediment, and fish at 43 sites along the river from the headwaters at Lake Itasca to 14 miles downstream from Brownsville, Minnesota during June through August 2006.\r\n\r\nTwenty-four individual compounds were detected in water samples, with cholesterol, atrazine, N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide, metolachlor, and hexahydrohexamethylcyclopentabenzopyran detected most frequently (in at least 10 percent of the samples). The number of compounds detected in water per site ranged from 0 to 8. \r\n\r\nForty individual compounds were detected in bed-sediment samples. The most commonly detected compounds (in at least 50 percent of the samples) were indole, beta-sitosterol, cholesterol, beta-stigmastanol, 3-methyl-1H-indole, p-cresol, pyrene, phenol, fluoranthene, 3-beta coprostanol, benzo[a]pyrene, acetophenone, and 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene. The total number of detections in bed sediment (at a site) ranged from 3 to 31. The compounds NP1EO, NP2EO, and 4-nonylphenol were detected in greater than 10 percent of the samples. \r\n\r\nMost (80 percent) female fish collected had measurable concentrations of vitellogenin. Vitellogenin also was detected in 62, 63, and 33 percent of male carp, smallmouth bass, and redhorse, respectively. The one male walleye sample plasma sample analyzed had a vitellogenin detection. Vitellogenin concentrations were lower in male fish (not detected to 10.80 micrograms per milliliter) than female fish (0.04 to 248,079 micrograms per milliliter). Gonadosomatic Index values ranged from 0.02 to 7.49 percent among all male fish and were greater for male carp than for the other three species. No intersex (oocytes present in testes tissue) was found in any male fish sampled.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds368","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency and St. Cloud State University","usgsCitation":"Lee, K., Yaeger, C.S., Jahns, N.D., and Schoenfuss, H.L., 2008, Occurrence of endocrine active compounds and biological responses in the Mississippi River— Study design and data, June through August 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 368, vi, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds368.","productDescription":"vi, 28 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-06-01","temporalEnd":"2006-08-31","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":497183,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/368/pdf/Appendixes","text":"Appendixes 1–7"},{"id":367583,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/368/pdf/DS368.pdf"},{"id":11847,"rank":4,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/368/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":388199,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_84597.htm"},{"id":190537,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -96.33333333333333,43.534166666666664 ], [ -96.33333333333333,47.6175 ], [ -90.28388888888888,47.6175 ], [ -90.28388888888888,43.534166666666664 ], [ -96.33333333333333,43.534166666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af8e4b07f02db693fdf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Kathy 0000-0002-7683-1367 klee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7683-1367","contributorId":2538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Kathy","email":"klee@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yaeger, Christine S.","contributorId":17703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yaeger","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jahns, Nathan D.","contributorId":12124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jahns","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schoenfuss, Heiko L.","contributorId":76409,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schoenfuss","given":"Heiko","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13317,"text":"Saint Cloud State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":297337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":86259,"text":"fs20083077 - 2008 - The National Map: Tactical Planning and Performance Monitoring in Fiscal Year 2008 and 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:30","indexId":"fs20083077","displayToPublicDate":"2008-10-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-3077","title":"The National Map: Tactical Planning and Performance Monitoring in Fiscal Year 2008 and 2009","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs20083077","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, The National Map: Tactical Planning and Performance Monitoring in Fiscal Year 2008 and 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2008-3077, 1 sheet ([1] p.) : ill., col. map ; 28 x 18 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20083077.","productDescription":"1 sheet ([1] p.) : ill., col. map ; 28 x 18 cm.","temporalStart":"2007-10-01","temporalEnd":"2009-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":251612,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3077/report.pdf","size":"695","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":252510,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3077/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b023","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":86261,"text":"sir20085180 - 2008 - Seepage Investigation for Selected River Reaches in the Chehalis River Basin, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:22","indexId":"sir20085180","displayToPublicDate":"2008-10-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5180","title":"Seepage Investigation for Selected River Reaches in the Chehalis River Basin, Washington","docAbstract":"A study was completed in September 2007 in the Chehalis River basin to determine gain or loss of streamflow by measuring discharge at selected intervals within various reaches along the Chehalis River and its tributaries. Discharge was measured at 68 new and existing streamflow sites, where gains and losses were determined for 36 stream reaches. Streamflow gains were measured for 22 reaches and losses were measured for 13 reaches. No gain or loss was measured at the Chehalis River between the Newaukum and Skookumchuck Rivers. The Chehalis River exhibited a pattern of alternating gains and losses as it entered the area of wide, gentle relief known as the Grand Mound Prairie. The general pattern of tributary ground- and surface-water interaction was discharge to streams (gaining reaches) in the upper reaches and discharge to the ground-water system (losing reaches) as the tributaries entered the broad, flat Chehalis River valley.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20085180","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Washington State Department of Ecology and the Chehalis Basin Partnership","usgsCitation":"Ely, D.M., Frasl, K.E., Marshall, C., and Reed, F., 2008, Seepage Investigation for Selected River Reaches in the Chehalis River Basin, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5180, iv, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085180.","productDescription":"iv, 13 p.","temporalStart":"2007-09-01","temporalEnd":"2007-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121133,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2008_5180.jpg"},{"id":11843,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5180/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.25,46.25 ], [ -124.25,47.583333333333336 ], [ -122.25,47.583333333333336 ], [ -122.25,46.25 ], [ -124.25,46.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fba14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ely, D. 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