{"pageNumber":"2145","pageRowStart":"53600","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70198269,"text":"70198269 - 2008 - Shallow-conduit dynamics at Stromboli Volcano, Italy, imaged from waveform inversions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-06T09:53:31","indexId":"70198269","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5011,"text":"Geological Society of London Special Publications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shallow-conduit dynamics at Stromboli Volcano, Italy, imaged from waveform inversions","docAbstract":"<p><span>Modelling of Very-Long-Period (VLP) seismic data recorded during explosive activity at Stromboli in 1997 provides an image of the uppermost 1 km of its volcanic plumbing system. Two distinct dyke-like conduit structures are identified, each representative of explosive eruptions from two different vents located near the northern and southern perimeters of the summit crater. Observed volumetric changes in the dykes are viewed as the result of a piston-like action of the magma associated with the disruption of a gas slug transiting through discontinuities in the dyke apertures. Accompanying these volumetric source components are single vertical forces resulting from an exchange of linear momentum between the source and the Earth. In the dyke system underlying the northern vent, a primary disruption site is observed at an elevation near 440 m where a bifurcation in the conduit occurs. At a depth of 80 m below sea level, a sharp corner in the conduit marks another location where the elastic response of the solid to the action of the upper source induces pressure and momentum changes in the magma. In the conduit underlying the southern vent, the junction of two inclined dykes with a sub-vertical dyke at 520 m elevation is a primary site of gas slug disruption, and another conduit corner 280 m below sea level represents a coupling location between the elastic response of the solid and fluid motion.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Geological Society of London","publisherLocation":"London","doi":"10.1144/SP307.5","usgsCitation":"Chouet, B.A., and Martini, M., 2008, Shallow-conduit dynamics at Stromboli Volcano, Italy, imaged from waveform inversions: Geological Society of London Special Publications, v. 307, p. 57-84, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP307.5.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"84","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356021,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Italy","otherGeospatial":"Stromboli","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              15.213661193847658,\n              38.81189098781871\n            ],\n            [\n              15.190315246582033,\n              38.79771102715645\n            ],\n            [\n              15.184478759765627,\n              38.790753788294424\n            ],\n            [\n              15.191688537597654,\n              38.7800490179011\n            ],\n            [\n              15.201988220214846,\n              38.77656962147866\n            ],\n            [\n              15.215721130371096,\n              38.77041335043523\n            ],\n            [\n              15.226364135742188,\n              38.77442837007637\n            ],\n            [\n              15.232543945312498,\n              38.78459874169886\n            ],\n            [\n              15.240097045898438,\n              38.79450007821985\n            ],\n            [\n              15.24421691894531,\n              38.80573776659133\n            ],\n            [\n              15.228080749511719,\n              38.812426025416734\n            ],\n            [\n              15.216751098632812,\n              38.81296105899589\n            ],\n            [\n              15.213661193847658,\n              38.81189098781871\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"307","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-09-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98bcd8e4b0702d0e845540","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chouet, Bernard A. 0000-0001-5527-0532 chouet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5527-0532","contributorId":3304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"Bernard","email":"chouet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":740818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martini, Marcello","contributorId":206498,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martini","given":"Marcello","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":86186,"text":"ds363 - 2008 - Bank topography, bathymetry, and current velocity of the lower Elwha River, Clallam County, Washington, May 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-06T20:07:15.760733","indexId":"ds363","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"363","title":"Bank topography, bathymetry, and current velocity of the lower Elwha River, Clallam County, Washington, May 2006","docAbstract":"The removal of two dams from the mainstem of the Elwha River is expected to cause a broad range of changes to the river and nearby coastal ecosystem. The U.S. Geological Survey has documented aspects of the condition of the river to allow analysis of ecological responses to dam removal. This report documents the bank topography, river bathymetry, and current velocity data collected along the lower 0.5 kilometer of the Elwha River, May 15-17, 2006. This information supplements nearshore and beach surveys done in 2006 as part of the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal Habitats in Puget Sound program near the Elwha River delta in the Strait of Juan de Fuca, Washington.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds363","usgsCitation":"Curran, C.A., Konrad, C.P., Dinehart, R.L., and Moran, E.H., 2008, Bank topography, bathymetry, and current velocity of the lower Elwha River, Clallam County, Washington, May 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 363, iv, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds363.","productDescription":"iv, 13 p.","temporalStart":"2006-05-15","temporalEnd":"2006-05-17","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195041,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403097,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_84315.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":11763,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/363/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Clallam County","otherGeospatial":"lower Elwha River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.57078552246094,\n              48.132756956631226\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.55670928955077,\n              48.132756956631226\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.55670928955077,\n              48.15440574128317\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.57078552246094,\n              48.15440574128317\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.57078552246094,\n              48.132756956631226\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db649d67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Curran, Christopher A. 0000-0001-8933-416X ccurran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8933-416X","contributorId":1650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curran","given":"Christopher","email":"ccurran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Konrad, Christopher P. 0000-0002-7354-547X cpkonrad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7354-547X","contributorId":1716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konrad","given":"Christopher","email":"cpkonrad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dinehart, Randal L.","contributorId":21151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinehart","given":"Randal","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moran, Edward H. emoran@usgs.gov","contributorId":5445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"Edward","email":"emoran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":86190,"text":"sir20085108 - 2008 - Effectiveness of an alluvial wetland on improving ground-water quality in a municipal well field, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, 1998-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-29T13:59:38","indexId":"sir20085108","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5108","title":"Effectiveness of an alluvial wetland on improving ground-water quality in a municipal well field, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, 1998-2006","docAbstract":"<p>Nutrients and pesticides are water-quality topics of concern in Iowa. Nitrate concentrations in the Cedar River and other streams in Iowa are among the highest in the Nation. A 12-mile reach of the Cedar River upstream from Cedar Rapids, Iowa, is identified on the Total Maximum Daily Load list for nitrate impairment by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. In addition, pesticide concentrations in water samples from alluvial aquifers in Iowa have been ranked as some of the largest in the Nation. The Cedar River, like many rivers with alluvium, affects the alluvial aquifer that is used as a municipal water supply for Cedar Rapids, Iowa. A continuing challenge for the Cedar Rapids Water Department is to provide drinking water that meets all drinking-water regulations; this is made more of a challenge because of the high (often over 10 milligrams per liter) nitrate concentrations in the Cedar River and the presence of other potential chemicals of concern, such as pesticides.</p>\n<p>An alluvial wetland proved useful in improving water quality. Samples from observation wells completed in the alluvial wetland near the municipal well field had nitrate concentrations that were four to six times lower when compared to river or upland sites; however, iron and manganese concentrations in samples from observation wells in the wetland areas were an order of magnitude higher when compared to the river or an upgradient well. Biological and chemical reduction processes were determined to mobilize inorganic constituents in accordance with physical chemistry principles. Generally, selected pesticides and two pesticide degradates of atrazine that were sampled for in alluvial wetland wells remained relatively unchanged, and indicated only a slight decrease in concentration compared to the Cedar River water samples. Pesticides were not detected above regulatory limits in any of the observation wells; however, one sample from the Cedar River had an atrazine detection at 4.5 micrograms per liter, which is above the maximum contaminant level of 3.0 micrograms per liter for drinking-water regulations for that compound. Results indicate that alluvial wetlands may provide substantial reductions of nitrate concentrations in ground water, and may be a useful strategy for the reduction of nitrate for municipal wells. Results for reducing pesticides were less dramatic than for nitrate, as pesticide concentrations were reduced slightly from the river to the wetland.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20085108","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Cedar Rapids, Iowa","usgsCitation":"Schnoebelen, D.J., 2008, Effectiveness of an alluvial wetland on improving ground-water quality in a municipal well field, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, 1998-2006 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5108, vi, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085108.","productDescription":"vi, 30 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195503,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11767,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5108/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","city":"Cedar Rapids","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -91.75,41.96666666666667 ], [ -91.75,42.03333333333333 ], [ -91.66666666666667,42.03333333333333 ], [ -91.66666666666667,41.96666666666667 ], [ -91.75,41.96666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db68667c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schnoebelen, Douglas J.","contributorId":87514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schnoebelen","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":86193,"text":"ofr20081280 - 2008 - Amount and Percentage of Current Societal Assets in Areas on Kaua'i, Hawai'i, within the 1992 Hurricane 'Iniki Storm-Surge Inundation Zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:47","indexId":"ofr20081280","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1280","title":"Amount and Percentage of Current Societal Assets in Areas on Kaua'i, Hawai'i, within the 1992 Hurricane 'Iniki Storm-Surge Inundation Zone","docAbstract":"The Pacific Risk Management 'Ohana (PRiMO) is a network of partners and stakeholders involved in the development, delivery, and communication of risk management-related information, products, and services across the Pacific Ocean (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Pacific Services Center, 2008). One PRiMO-related project is the NOAA National Climatic Data Center's Integrated Data and Environmental Applications (IDEA) Center's Pacific Region Integrated Climatology Information Products (PRICIP) initiative, which seeks to improve the understanding of patterns and trends of storm frequency and intensity ('storminess') within the Pacific region and to develop a suite of integrated information products that can be used by emergency managers, mitigation planners, government agencies, and other decision-makers (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Integrated Data and Environmental Applications Center, 2008a).\r\n\r\nOne of the PRICIP information products is a historical storm 'event anatomy', which includes a summary of sector-specific socioeconomic impacts associated with a particular event, as well as information about the event and its climatological context. The intent of an event anatomy is to convey the causes of an extreme storm event and the associated impacts in a format that users can understand. The event anatomies also are intended to familiarize users with the in-place and remotely sensed products typically employed to track and forecast weather and climate. The first event anatomy developed as a prototype and hosted on the PRICIP portal is for Hurricane 'Iniki (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Integrated Data and Environmental Applications Center, 2008b), a Category 3-4 hurricane that made landfall on the south coast of Kaua'i Island on September 11, 1992, with estimated maximum sustained winds of more than 140 mph and gusts as high as 175 mph. Storm-surge inundation occurred on the southern and northeastern coast of Kaua'i Island.\r\n\r\nIn an effort to increase the amount of available information on the Hurricane 'Iniki event anatomy of the PRICIP portal, representatives from the NOAA NCDC IDEA Center contacted the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in 2007 for assistance in determining what current societal assets are in areas that were inundated by storm surge during Hurricane 'Iniki in 1992. This report contains data summarizing the amount and percentage of current societal assets on Kaua'i Island, Hawai'i, that exist in the historic Hurricane 'Iniki storm-surge inundation zone. Coupled with an array of information on the socioeconomic impacts of Hurricane 'Iniki and distributed through the PRICIP portal, the results of this effort will help managers and the general public to understand the current risks posed by extreme storms in the Pacific Basin.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081280","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS), National Climatic Data Center's Integrated Data and Environmental Applications (IDEA) Center","usgsCitation":"Wood, N., 2008, Amount and Percentage of Current Societal Assets in Areas on Kaua'i, Hawai'i, within the 1992 Hurricane 'Iniki Storm-Surge Inundation Zone (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1280, iii, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081280.","productDescription":"iii, 12 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1992-09-11","temporalEnd":"1992-09-11","costCenters":[{"id":293,"text":"Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195796,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11770,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1280/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -159.8,21.5 ], [ -159.8,22.3 ], [ -159.2,22.3 ], [ -159.2,21.5 ], [ -159.8,21.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db6867d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, Nathan 0000-0002-6060-9729 nwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6060-9729","contributorId":71151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Nathan","email":"nwood@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":297136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":86191,"text":"sir20085129 - 2008 - Remote-controlled pan, tilt, zoom cameras at Kilauea and Mauna Loa Volcanoes, Hawai'i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-19T12:54:02","indexId":"sir20085129","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5129","title":"Remote-controlled pan, tilt, zoom cameras at Kilauea and Mauna Loa Volcanoes, Hawai'i","docAbstract":"<p>Lists of important volcano-monitoring disciplines usually include seismology, geodesy, and gas geochemistry. Visual monitoring - the essence of volcanology - is usually not mentioned. Yet, observations of the outward appearance of a volcano provide data that is equally as important as that provided by the other disciplines. The eye was almost certainly the first volcano monitoring-tool used by early man. Early volcanology was mostly descriptive and was based on careful visual observations of volcanoes. There is still no substitute for the eye of an experienced volcanologist. Today, scientific instruments replace or augment our senses as monitoring tools because instruments are faster and more sensitive, work tirelessly day and night, keep better records, operate in hazardous environments, do not generate lawsuits when damaged or destroyed, and in most cases are cheaper. Furthermore, instruments are capable of detecting phenomena that are outside the reach of our senses. The human eye is now augmented by the camera. Sequences of timed images provide a record of visual phenomena that occur on and above the surface of volcanoes. Photographic monitoring is a fundamental monitoring tool; image sequences can often provide the basis for interpreting other data streams. Monitoring data are most useful when they are generated and are available for analysis in real-time or near real-time. This report describes the current (as of 2006) system for real-time photograph acquisition and transmission from remote sites on Kilauea and Mauna Loa volcanoes to the U.S. Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO). It also describes how the photographs are archived and analyzed. In addition to providing system documentation for HVO, we hope that the report will prove useful as a practical guide to the construction of a high-bandwidth network for the telemetry of real-time data from remote locations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085129","usgsCitation":"Hoblitt, R.P., Orr, T., Castella, F., and Cervelli, P.F., 2008, Remote-controlled pan, tilt, zoom cameras at Kilauea and Mauna Loa Volcanoes, Hawai'i (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5129, iv, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085129.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194300,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11768,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5129/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155.6,19.2 ], [ -155.6,19.9 ], [ -155,19.9 ], [ -155,19.2 ], [ -155.6,19.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bf2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoblitt, Richard P. rhoblitt@usgs.gov","contributorId":1937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoblitt","given":"Richard","email":"rhoblitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":297131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Orr, Tim R.","contributorId":86859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orr","given":"Tim R.","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":297133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Castella, Frederic","contributorId":86065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castella","given":"Frederic","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cervelli, Peter F. 0000-0001-6765-1009 pcervelli@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6765-1009","contributorId":1936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cervelli","given":"Peter","email":"pcervelli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":86189,"text":"ofr20071440 - 2008 - Users Manual for the Geospatial Stream Flow Model (GeoSFM)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:26","indexId":"ofr20071440","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1440","title":"Users Manual for the Geospatial Stream Flow Model (GeoSFM)","docAbstract":"The monitoring of wide-area hydrologic events requires the manipulation of large amounts of geospatial and time series data into concise information products that characterize the location and magnitude of the event. To perform these manipulations, scientists at the U.S. Geological Survey Center for Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS), with the cooperation of the U.S. Agency for International Development, Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance (USAID/OFDA), have implemented a hydrologic modeling system. The system includes a data assimilation component to generate data for a Geospatial Stream Flow Model (GeoSFM) that can be run operationally to identify and map wide-area streamflow anomalies. GeoSFM integrates a geographical information system (GIS) for geospatial preprocessing and postprocessing tasks and hydrologic modeling routines implemented as dynamically linked libraries (DLLs) for time series manipulations. Model results include maps that depicting the status of streamflow and soil water conditions. This Users Manual provides step-by-step instructions for running the model and for downloading and processing the input data required for initial model parameterization and daily operation.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071440","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Agency for International Development, Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance (USAID/OFDA)","usgsCitation":"Artan, G.A., Asante, K., Smith, J., Pervez, M., Entenmann, D., Verdin, J.P., and Rowland, J., 2008, Users Manual for the Geospatial Stream Flow Model (GeoSFM) (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1440, iv, 146 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071440.","productDescription":"iv, 146 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195502,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11766,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1440/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db685872","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Artan, Guleid A. 0000-0001-8409-6182 gartan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8409-6182","contributorId":2938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Artan","given":"Guleid","email":"gartan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Asante, Kwabena 0000-0001-5408-1852","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5408-1852","contributorId":65948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asante","given":"Kwabena","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Jodie","contributorId":29531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Jodie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pervez, Md Shahriar 0000-0003-3417-1871 spervez@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3417-1871","contributorId":3099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pervez","given":"Md Shahriar","email":"spervez@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":297124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Entenmann, Debbie 0000-0002-8841-697X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8841-697X","contributorId":8194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Entenmann","given":"Debbie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Verdin, James P. 0000-0003-0238-9657 verdin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0238-9657","contributorId":720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"James","email":"verdin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":297122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rowland, James 0000-0003-4837-3511 rowland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4837-3511","contributorId":3108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowland","given":"James","email":"rowland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":297125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":86192,"text":"ofr20081275 - 2008 - Avian Species Inventory at Manzanar National Historic Site, California - Final Report to the National Park Service","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:47","indexId":"ofr20081275","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1275","title":"Avian Species Inventory at Manzanar National Historic Site, California - Final Report to the National Park Service","docAbstract":"We conducted a baseline inventory for avian species at Manzanar National Historic Site, Inyo County, Calif., from 2002 to 2005. Under the guidelines of the Mojave Network Biological Inventory Program, the primary objectives for this study were to (1) inventory and document the occurrence of avian species at Manzanar, with the goal of documenting at least 90 percent of the species present; (2) provide a geographic information system (GIS)-referenced list of sensitive species occurring at Manzanar that are rare, on Federal or State lists, or otherwise worthy of special consideration; and (3) enter all species data into the National Park Service NPSpecies database. Survey methods included general area searches, variable circular plot point-count censusing, nocturnal surveys, and nest searching. During 13 year-round survey sessions, we documented the occurrence of 132 bird species at Manzanar and confirmed breeding by 19 of these. Based on our findings, as well as review of the literature and searches for records of species occurrence, we estimate inventory completeness for regularly occurring bird species at Manzanar to be near 90 percent. No sensitive species on Federal or State lists were found. The distribution and relative abundance of common bird species at this site is now well enough known to begin development of a monitoring protocol for this group.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081275","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Northern Arizona University","usgsCitation":"Hart, J., and Drost, C., 2008, Avian Species Inventory at Manzanar National Historic Site, California - Final Report to the National Park Service (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1275, iv, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081275.","productDescription":"iv, 39 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2002-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195504,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11769,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1275/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.2,36.7 ], [ -118.2,36.8 ], [ -118.1,36.8 ], [ -118.1,36.7 ], [ -118.2,36.7 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64afe2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hart, Jan","contributorId":38246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Jan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drost, Charles","contributorId":52524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drost","given":"Charles","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":86187,"text":"fs20083066 - 2008 - Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Overview","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:16","indexId":"fs20083066","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-3066","title":"Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Overview","docAbstract":"The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) launched Terra, the Earth Observing System's (EOS) flagship satellite platform on December 18, 1999. The polar-orbiting Terra contains five remote sensing instruments, which enable the scientific study and analyses of global terrestrial processes and manifestations of global change. One of the five instruments is the multispectral Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER), which is built in Japan by a consortium of government, industry, and research groups. It has three spectral bands in the visible near-infrared region (VNIR), six bands in the shortwave infrared region (SWIR), and five bands in the thermal infrared region (TIR), with 15-, 30-, and 90-meter ground resolutions, respectively. This combination of wide spectral coverage and high spatial resolution allows ASTER to discriminate among a wide variety of surface materials. The VNIR subsystem also has a backward-viewing telescope for high-resolution (15-meter) stereoscopic observation in the along-track direction, which facilitates the generation of digital elevation models (DEM).","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs20083066","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Overview (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2008-3066, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20083066.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126304,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2008_3066.jpg"},{"id":11764,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3066/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db6980d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":86195,"text":"fs20083081 - 2008 - White Sturgeon Passage at The Dalles Dam","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:26","indexId":"fs20083081","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-3081","title":"White Sturgeon Passage at The Dalles Dam","docAbstract":"Researchers at the USGS Western Fisheries Research Center's Columbia River Research Laboratory, working with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, sought to better understand upstream and downstream passage of white sturgeon at dams. A study at The Dalles Dam provided the opportunity to compare two fish ladders; one that passes sturgeon upstream to one that does not, to determine if subtle differences in construction result in better passage of white sturgeon. Researchers conducted a study using a combination of acoustic and radio telemetry technologies to obtain information on juvenile and adult white sturgeon near The Dalles Dam, with the objectives of characterizing the distribution and movements of white sturgeon in the immediate vicinity of the dam and to determine timing and routes of upstream and downstream passage.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs20083081","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, White Sturgeon Passage at The Dalles Dam: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2008-3081, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20083081.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121132,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2008_3081.jpg"},{"id":11772,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3081/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e488ee4b07f02db51e0b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":86188,"text":"fs20083061 - 2008 - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Overview","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-19T09:05:12","indexId":"fs20083061","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-3061","title":"Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Overview","docAbstract":"The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is an instrument that collects remotely sensed data used by scientists for monitoring, modeling, and assessing the effects of natural processes and human actions on the Earth's surface. The continual calibration of the MODIS instruments, the refinement of algorithms used to create higher-level products, and the ongoing product validation make MODIS images a valuable time series (2000-present) of geophysical and biophysical land-surface measurements. Carried on two National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth Observing System (EOS) satellites, MODIS acquires morning (EOS-Terra) and afternoon (EOS-Aqua) views almost daily. Terra data acquisitions began in February 2000 and Aqua data acquisitions began in July 2002. Land data are generated only as higher-level products, removing the burden of common types of data processing from the user community. MODIS-based products describing ecological dynamics, radiation budget, and land cover are projected onto a sinusoidal mapping grid and distributed as 10- by 10-degree tiles at 250-, 500-, or 1,000-meter spatial resolution. Some products are also created on a 0.05-degree geographic grid to support climate modeling studies. All MODIS products are distributed in the Hierarchical Data Format-Earth Observing System (HDF-EOS) file format and are available through file transfer protocol (FTP) or on digital video disc (DVD) media.\r\n\r\nVersions 4 and 5 of MODIS land data products are currently available and represent 'validated' collections defined in stages of accuracy that are based on the number of field sites and time periods for which the products have been validated. Version 5 collections incorporate the longest time series of both Terra and Aqua MODIS data products.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20083061","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Overview (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2008-3061, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20083061.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124650,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2008_3061.jpg"},{"id":11765,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3061/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":367523,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3061/pdf/fs2008-3061.pdf"}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db6996c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70236416,"text":"70236416 - 2008 - Biogeochemical mechanisms of arsenic mobilization and sequestration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-06T16:02:03.395216","indexId":"70236416","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-09T10:59:32","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"5","title":"Biogeochemical mechanisms of arsenic mobilization and sequestration","docAbstract":"<p>This chapter contains sections titled:</p><ul class=\"unordered-list\"><li><p>Introduction</p></li><li><p>Sources of Arsenic in the Environment</p></li><li><p>Redox Cycling of Arsenic</p></li><li><p>Effect of Organic Carbon on Arsenic Cycling</p></li><li><p>Arsenic Sequestration: Precipitation and Adsorption</p></li><li><p>Arsenic Mobilization: Sediment Diagenesis and Reductive Dissolution</p></li><li><p>Case Study: Haiwee Reservoir</p></li><li><p>Conclusions</p></li><li><p>References</p></li></ul>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/9780470371046.ch5","usgsCitation":"Campbell, K.M., and Hering, J.G., 2008, Biogeochemical mechanisms of arsenic mobilization and sequestration, p. 95-121, https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470371046.ch5.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"95","endPage":"121","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":406239,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-10-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, Kate M. 0000-0002-8715-5544 kcampbell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8715-5544","contributorId":1441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Kate","email":"kcampbell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":850934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hering, J. G.","contributorId":12647,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hering","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70004345,"text":"70004345 - 2008 - Land management in the Anthropocene: Is history still relevant?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-25T15:33:27.260004","indexId":"70004345","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-09T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Land management in the Anthropocene: Is history still relevant?","docAbstract":"<p>Ecological restoration, conservation, and land management are often based on comparisons with reference sites or time periods, which are assumed to represent &ldquo;natural&rdquo; or &ldquo;properly functioning&rdquo; conditions. Such reference conditions can provide a vision of the conservation or management goal and a means to measure progress toward that vision. Although historical ecology has been used successfully to guide resource management in many parts of the world, the continuing relevance of history is now being questioned. Some scientists doubt that lessons from the past can inform management in what may be a dramatically different future, given profound climate change, accelerated land use, and an onslaught of plant and animal invasions.</p>","conferenceTitle":"Incorporating historical ecology and climate change into land management","conferenceDate":"April 22-25, 2008","conferenceLocation":"Lansdowne, Virginia","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2008EO370004","usgsCitation":"Safford, H.D., Betancourt, J.L., Hayward, G., Wiens, J., and Regan, C.M., 2008, Land management in the Anthropocene: Is history still relevant?, Incorporating historical ecology and climate change into land management, v. 89, no. 37, Lansdowne, Virginia, April 22-25, 2008, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008EO370004.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"343","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-028836","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":310951,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"37","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56389758e4b0d6133fe72fc7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Safford, Hugh D.","contributorId":112922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Safford","given":"Hugh","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Betancourt, Julio L. 0000-0002-7165-0743 jlbetanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":3376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"Julio","email":"jlbetanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hayward, Gregory D.","contributorId":112302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayward","given":"Gregory D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wiens, John A.","contributorId":56566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiens","given":"John A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Regan, Claudia M.","contributorId":147141,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Regan","given":"Claudia","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":86184,"text":"sir20085124 - 2008 - Effects of Potential Future Warming on Runoff in the Yakima River Basin, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:22","indexId":"sir20085124","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5124","title":"Effects of Potential Future Warming on Runoff in the Yakima River Basin, Washington","docAbstract":"The Bureau of Reclamation has implemented a long-term planning study of potential water-storage alternatives in the Yakima River Basin, which includes planning for climate change effects on available water resources in the basin. Previously constructed watershed models for the Yakima River Basin were used to simulate changes in unregulated streamflow under two warmer climate scenarios, one representing a 1 degree C increase in the annual air temperature over current conditions (plus one scenario) and one representing a 2 degree C increase in the annual air temperature over current conditions (plus two scenario). Simulations were done for water years 1981 through 2005 and the results were compared to simulated unregulated runoff for the same period using recorded daily precipitation, and minimum and maximum air temperatures (base conditions). Precipitation was not altered for the two warmer climate change scenarios.\r\n\r\n\r\nSimulated annual runoff for the plus one and plus two scenarios decreased modestly from the base conditions, but the seasonal distribution and the general pattern of runoff proved to be highly sensitive to temperature changes throughout the basin. Seasonally increased runoff was simulated during the late autumn and winter months for both the plus one and plus two scenarios compared to base conditions. Comparisons at six principal regulatory locations in the basin showed that the maximum percentage increases in runoff over the base conditions during December to March varied from 24 to 48 percent for the plus one scenario and 59 to 94 percent for the plus two scenario. During late spring and summer months, significantly decreased runoff was simulated at these sites for both scenarios compared to base conditions. Simulated maximum decreases in runoff occurred during June and July, and the changes ranged from -22 to -51 percent for the plus one scenario and -44 to -76 percent for the plus two scenario. Differences in total annual runoff at these sites ranged from -1.4 to -3.9 percent for the plus one scenario and from -2.5 to -8.2 percent for the plus two scenario. The percent change of the monthly mean runoff for both scenarios from the base conditions at many points in the basin will be used in a water-management model developed by the Bureau of Reclamation to assess various storage alternatives.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20085124","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Mastin, M.C., 2008, Effects of Potential Future Warming on Runoff in the Yakima River Basin, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5124, Report: iv, 13 p.; Appendix A (Excel), https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085124.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 13 p.; Appendix A (Excel)","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1980-10-01","temporalEnd":"2005-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194729,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11761,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5124/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.75,45.75 ], [ -121.75,47.75 ], [ -119,47.75 ], [ -119,45.75 ], [ -121.75,45.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624a6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mastin, Mark C. 0000-0003-4018-7861 mcmastin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4018-7861","contributorId":1652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastin","given":"Mark","email":"mcmastin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":86175,"text":"sir20085123 - 2008 - Characterization of Suspended-Sediment Loading to and from John Redmond Reservoir, East-Central Kansas, 2007-2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:22","indexId":"sir20085123","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5123","title":"Characterization of Suspended-Sediment Loading to and from John Redmond Reservoir, East-Central Kansas, 2007-2008","docAbstract":"Storage capacity in John Redmond Reservoir is being lost to sedimentation more rapidly than in other federal impoundments in Kansas. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, initiated a study to characterize suspended-sediment loading to and from John Redmond Reservoir from February 21, 2007, through February 21, 2008. Turbidity sensors were installed at two U.S. Geological Survey stream gages upstream (Neosho River near Americus and the Cottonwood River near Plymouth) and one stream gage downstream (Neosho River at Burlington) from the reservoir to compute continuous, real-time (15-minute) measurements of suspended-sediment concentration and loading.\r\n\r\nAbout 1,120,000 tons of suspended-sediment were transported to, and 100,700 tons were transported from John Redmond Reservoir during the study period. Dependent on the bulk density of sediment stored in the reservoir, 5.0 to 1.4 percent of the storage in the John Redmond conservation pool was lost during the study period, with an average deposition of 3.4 to 1.0 inches. Nearly all (98-99 percent) of the incoming sediment load was transported during 9 storms which occurred 25 to 27 percent of the time. The largest storm during the study period (peak-flow recurrence interval of about 4.6-4.9 years) transported about 37 percent of the sediment load to the reservoir. Suspended-sediment yield from the unregulated drainage area upstream from the Neosho River near Americus was 530 tons per square mile, compared to 400 tons per square mile upstream from the Cottonwood River near Plymouth.\r\n\r\nComparison of historical (1964-78) to current (2007) sediment loading estimates indicate statistically insignificant (<90 percent confidence) differences at the Neosho River near Americus and the Cottonwood River near Plymouth, but a significant (>99 percent) decrease in sediment loading at the Neosho River at Burlington. Ninety-percent confidence intervals of streamflow-derived estimates of total sediment load were 7 to 21 times larger than turbidity-derived estimates. Results from this study can be used by natural resource managers to calibrate sediment models and estimate the ability of John Redmond Reservoir to support designated uses into the future.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20085123","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Lee, C., Rasmussen, P.P., and Ziegler, A., 2008, Characterization of Suspended-Sediment Loading to and from John Redmond Reservoir, East-Central Kansas, 2007-2008 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5123, vi, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085123.","productDescription":"vi, 26 p.","temporalStart":"2007-02-21","temporalEnd":"2008-02-21","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124401,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2008_5123.jpg"},{"id":11752,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5123/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.75,37.75 ], [ -97.75,39 ], [ -95.5,39 ], [ -95.5,37.75 ], [ -97.75,37.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49b5e4b07f02db5cb27f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Casey J. 0000-0002-5753-2038","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5753-2038","contributorId":31062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Casey J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rasmussen, Patrick P. 0000-0002-3287-6010 pras@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3287-6010","contributorId":3530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rasmussen","given":"Patrick","email":"pras@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ziegler, Andrew C. aziegler@usgs.gov","contributorId":433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ziegler","given":"Andrew C.","email":"aziegler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":297072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":86174,"text":"ofr20071441 - 2008 - Technical Manual for the Geospatial Stream Flow Model (GeoSFM)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:16","indexId":"ofr20071441","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1441","title":"Technical Manual for the Geospatial Stream Flow Model (GeoSFM)","docAbstract":"The monitoring of wide-area hydrologic events requires the use of geospatial and time series data available in near-real time. These data sets must be manipulated into information products that speak to the location and magnitude of the event. Scientists at the U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science (USGS EROS) Center have implemented a hydrologic modeling system which consists of an operational data processing system and the Geospatial Stream Flow Model (GeoSFM). The data processing system generates daily forcing evapotranspiration and precipitation data from various remotely sensed and ground-based data sources. To allow for rapid implementation in data scarce environments, widely available terrain, soil, and land cover data sets are used for model setup and initial parameter estimation. GeoSFM performs geospatial preprocessing and postprocessing tasks as well as hydrologic modeling tasks within an ArcView GIS environment. The integration of GIS routines and time series processing routines is achieved seamlessly through the use of dynamically linked libraries (DLLs) embedded within Avenue scripts. GeoSFM is run operationally to identify and map wide-area streamflow anomalies. Daily model results including daily streamflow and soil water maps are disseminated through Internet map servers, flood hazard bulletins and other media.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071441","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Agency for International Development, Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance (USAID/OFDA)","usgsCitation":"Asante, K.O., Artan, G.A., Pervez, M., Bandaragoda, C., and Verdin, J.P., 2008, Technical Manual for the Geospatial Stream Flow Model (GeoSFM) (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1441, iv, 65 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071441.","productDescription":"iv, 65 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190641,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11751,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1441/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa1f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Asante, Kwabena O. 0000-0001-5408-1852","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5408-1852","contributorId":81578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asante","given":"Kwabena","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Artan, Guleid A. 0000-0001-8409-6182 gartan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8409-6182","contributorId":2938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Artan","given":"Guleid","email":"gartan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pervez, Md Shahriar 0000-0003-3417-1871 spervez@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3417-1871","contributorId":3099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pervez","given":"Md Shahriar","email":"spervez@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":297069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bandaragoda, Christina","contributorId":27951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bandaragoda","given":"Christina","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Verdin, James P. 0000-0003-0238-9657 verdin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0238-9657","contributorId":720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"James","email":"verdin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":297067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":86180,"text":"ofr20081187 - 2008 - Digital coordinates and age of more than 13,000 foraminifers samples collected by Chevron Petroleum geologists in California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-03T19:45:52.352532","indexId":"ofr20081187","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1187","title":"Digital coordinates and age of more than 13,000 foraminifers samples collected by Chevron Petroleum geologists in California","docAbstract":"The general location and age of more than 33,500 mostly foraminifer samples from Chevron surface localities in nearly 600 U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) 7.5' quadrangles from California were provided by Brabb and Parker (2003). Barren and non-diagnostic samples plus many that have no paleontologic information were omitted to provide a revised list for more than 27,000 of these samples by Brabb and Parker (2005). The locations for many of these samples were recorded by Chevron geoscientists on topographic maps (originals now in the USGS Library in Menlo Park, Calif.). The recent availability of digital databases for geologic and topographic maps has provided the opportunity to prepare a database of the locations of these Chevron samples so that the information can be combined with geology and topography for plotting or geospatial analysis. This report provides specific locations for more than 13,000 samples in central California that have enough paleontologic information to determine their age but omits thousands of samples that are too closely spaced to differentiate or those that have only a general location.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081187","usgsCitation":"Malmblorg, W.T., West, W., Brabb, E.E., and Parker, J.M., 2008, Digital coordinates and age of more than 13,000 foraminifers samples collected by Chevron Petroleum geologists in California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1187, Report: iii, 3 p.; ReadMe; 2 Databases, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081187.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 3 p.; ReadMe; 2 Databases","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":647,"text":"Western Earth Surface 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M.","contributorId":29053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":86181,"text":"ofr20081253 - 2008 - Quantitative Mineral Resource Assessment of Copper, Molybdenum, Gold, and Silver in Undiscovered Porphyry Copper Deposits in the Andes Mountains of South America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:47","indexId":"ofr20081253","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1253","title":"Quantitative Mineral Resource Assessment of Copper, Molybdenum, Gold, and Silver in Undiscovered Porphyry Copper Deposits in the Andes Mountains of South America","docAbstract":"Quantitative information on the general locations and amounts of undiscovered porphyry copper resources of the world is important to exploration managers, land-use and environmental planners, economists, and policy makers. This publication contains the results of probabilistic estimates of the amounts of copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), gold (Au), and silver (Ag) in undiscovered porphyry copper deposits in the Andes Mountains of South America. The methodology used to make these estimates is called the 'Three-Part Form'. It was developed to explicitly express estimates of undiscovered resources and associated uncertainty in a form that allows economic analysis and is useful to decisionmakers. \r\n\r\nThe three-part form of assessment includes: (1) delineation of tracts of land where the geology is permissive for porphyry copper deposits to form; (2) selection of grade and tonnage models appropriate for estimating grades and tonnages of the undiscovered porphyry copper deposits in each tract; and (3) estimation of the number of undiscovered porphyry copper deposits in each tract consistent with the grade and tonnage model. A Monte Carlo simulation computer program (EMINERS) was used to combine the probability distributions of the estimated number of undiscovered deposits, the grades, and the tonnages of the selected model to obtain the probability distributions for undiscovered metals in each tract. These distributions of grades and tonnages then can be used to conduct economic evaluations of undiscovered resources in a format usable by decisionmakers. Economic evaluations are not part of this report. \r\n\r\nThe results of this assessment are presented in two principal parts. The first part identifies 26 regional tracts of land where the geology is permissive for the occurrence of undiscovered porphyry copper deposits of Phanerozoic age to a depth of 1 km below the Earth's surface. These tracts are believed to contain most of South America's undiscovered resources of copper. The second part presents probabilistic estimates of the amounts of copper, molybdenum, gold, and silver in undiscovered porphyry copper deposits in each tract. The study also provides tables showing the location, tract number, and age (if available) of discovered deposits and prospects. For each of the 26 permissive tracts delineated in this study, summary information is provided on: (1) the rationale for delineating the tract; (2) the rationale for choosing the mineral deposit model used to assess the tract; (3) discovered deposits and prospects; (4) exploration history; and (5) the distribution of undiscovered deposits in the tract. The scale used to evaluate geologic information and draw tracts is 1:1,000,000.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081253","collaboration":"Prepared and published jointly by the geological surveys of Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Peru, and the United States","usgsCitation":"Cunningham, C.G., Zappettini, E.O., Vivallo S., W., Celada, C.M., Quispe, J., Singer, D.A., Briskey, J.A., Sutphin, D., Gajardo M., M., Diaz, A., Portigliati, C., Berger, V.I., Carrasco, R., and Schulz, K.J., 2008, Quantitative Mineral Resource Assessment of Copper, Molybdenum, Gold, and Silver in Undiscovered Porphyry Copper Deposits in the Andes Mountains of South America (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1253, Available online and on CD-ROM; Report: vi, 282 p.; 2 Tables; 3 Plates; Digital Map File, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081253.","productDescription":"Available online and on CD-ROM; Report: vi, 282 p.; 2 Tables; 3 Plates; Digital Map File","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195793,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11758,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1253/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -85,-55 ], [ -85,15 ], [ -55,15 ], [ -55,-55 ], [ -85,-55 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685f36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cunningham, Charles G.","contributorId":85940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zappettini, Eduardo O.","contributorId":107006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zappettini","given":"Eduardo","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vivallo S., Waldo","contributorId":93151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vivallo S.","given":"Waldo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Celada, Carlos Mario","contributorId":17333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Celada","given":"Carlos","email":"","middleInitial":"Mario","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Quispe, Jorge","contributorId":71287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quispe","given":"Jorge","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Singer, Donald A. dsinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":5601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"Donald","email":"dsinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":297093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Briskey, Joseph A.","contributorId":77605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briskey","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sutphin, David M.","contributorId":53769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutphin","given":"David M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Gajardo M., Mariano","contributorId":68001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gajardo M.","given":"Mariano","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Diaz, Alejandro","contributorId":43461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diaz","given":"Alejandro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Portigliati, Carlos","contributorId":12948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Portigliati","given":"Carlos","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Berger, Vladimir I.","contributorId":15246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"Vladimir","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Carrasco, Rodrigo","contributorId":61530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carrasco","given":"Rodrigo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Schulz, Klaus J. 0000-0003-2967-4765 kschulz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2967-4765","contributorId":2438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"Klaus","email":"kschulz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}}
,{"id":86179,"text":"ofr20081276 - 2008 - Monitoring fine-grained sediment in the Colorado River ecosystem, Arizona — Control network and conventional survey techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-16T18:52:47.106761","indexId":"ofr20081276","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1276","title":"Monitoring fine-grained sediment in the Colorado River ecosystem, Arizona — Control network and conventional survey techniques","docAbstract":"In 2002, fine-grained sediment (sand, silt, and clay) monitoring in the Colorado River downstream from Glen Canyon Dam was initiated to survey channel topography at scales previously unobtainable in this canyon setting. This report presents the methods used to establish the high-resolution global positioning system (GPS) control network required for this effort as well as the conventional surveying techniques used in the study. Using simultaneous, dual-frequency GPS vector-based methods, the network points were determined to have positioning accuracies of less than 0.03 meters (m) and ellipsoidal height accuracies of between 0.01 and 0.10 m at a 95-percent degree of confidence. We also assessed network point quality with repeated, electronic (optical) total-station observations at 39 points for a total of 362 measurements; the mean range was 0.022 m in horizontal and 0.13 in vertical at a 95-percent confidence interval. These results indicate that the control network is of sufficient spatial and vertical accuracy for collection of airborne and subaerial remote-sensing technologies and integration of these data in a geographic information system on a repeatable basis without anomalies. The monitoring methods were employed in up to 11 discrete reaches over various time intervals. The reaches varied from 1.3 to 6.4 kilometers in length. Field results from surveys in 2000, 2002, and 2004 are described, during which conventional surveying was used to collect more than 3000 points per day. Ground points were used as checkpoints and to supplement areas just below or above the water surface, where remote-sensing data are not collected or are subject to greater error. An accuracy of +or- 0.05 m was identified as the minimum precision of individual ground points. These results are important for assessing digital elevation model (DEM) quality and identifying detection limits of significant change among surfaces generated from remote-sensing technologies.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081276","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Northern Arizona University and Utah State University","usgsCitation":"Hazel, J., Kaplinski, M., Parnell, R., Kohl, K., and Schmidt, J.C., 2008, Monitoring fine-grained sediment in the Colorado River ecosystem, Arizona — Control network and conventional survey techniques (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1276, iv, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081276.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":402291,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_84318.htm"},{"id":195312,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11756,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1276/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River ecosystem","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.0435791015625,\n              35.4382955473967\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.1431884765625,\n              35.4382955473967\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.1431884765625,\n              36.99377838872517\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.0435791015625,\n              36.99377838872517\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.0435791015625,\n              35.4382955473967\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db6274ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hazel, Joseph E. Jr.","contributorId":91819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hazel","given":"Joseph E.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kaplinski, Matt","contributorId":65817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaplinski","given":"Matt","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parnell, Roderic A.","contributorId":41922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parnell","given":"Roderic A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kohl, Keith 0000-0001-6812-0373 kkohl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6812-0373","contributorId":1323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kohl","given":"Keith","email":"kkohl@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schmidt, John C. 0000-0002-2988-3869 jcschmidt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2988-3869","contributorId":1983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"John","email":"jcschmidt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":86178,"text":"ofr20081264 - 2008 - Aggradation and Degradation of the Palisades Gully Network, 1996 to 2005, with Emphasis on the November 2004 High-Flow Experiment, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:42","indexId":"ofr20081264","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1264","title":"Aggradation and Degradation of the Palisades Gully Network, 1996 to 2005, with Emphasis on the November 2004 High-Flow Experiment, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona","docAbstract":"This study examines a large drainage network incised into alluvial terraces located along the Colorado River downstream of Palisades Creek in Grand Canyon National Park, Ariz. Gully erosion in the drainage affects archaeological sites found on the wide, relatively flat alluvial terraces. In 1996, 7-d release of 1,274 cubic meters per second of water from Glen Canyon Dam, known as a controlled flood, deposited fine-grained sediment - sand, silt, and clay - in the mouth of the network's largest gully, informally known as south gully. The deposit persisted for several years, but the drainage network steepened in the downstream reaches between 1999 and 2004. A high-flow experiment similar to the 1996 controlled flood was conducted in November 2004. The 2004 experiment was of a lower magnitude and shorter duration compared to the 1996 controlled flood. Topographic surveys were made in the field before, immediately after, and 6 months following the November 2004 experiment, and these measurements were compared to those made in 1996 and in other years. Similar to the response in 1996, fine-grained sediment was deposited in the mouth of the south gully and this mass was largely retained during the 6 months following the 2004 event. The magnitude of deposition in 2004 was nearly two times greater than that resulting from the 1996 controlled flood. We attribute this marked difference to increased accommodation space for deposition in the gully mouth, which was more deeply eroded in 2004 than it was in 1996. The second of the two primary gullies found within the Palisades gully network, the north gully, was largely unaffected by either high flow. Between 1996 and 2005, erosion was primarily confined to the lower reach of the south gully, while the upper reach remained relatively stable. The available data suggest that local base-level changes in the south gully mouth were not linked to the stability of the upstream gully reach. It could not be determined whether temporary base-level increases or maintenance of erosion-control structures were causal factors in limiting erosion in the upstream reaches of the drainage network.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081264","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Northern Arizona University","usgsCitation":"Hazel, J., Kaplinski, M., Parnell, R., and Fairley, H., 2008, Aggradation and Degradation of the Palisades Gully Network, 1996 to 2005, with Emphasis on the November 2004 High-Flow Experiment, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1264, iv, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081264.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1996-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190731,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11755,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1264/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.86749999999999,36 ], [ -111.86749999999999,36.25 ], [ -111.75,36.25 ], [ -111.75,36 ], [ -111.86749999999999,36 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db689170","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hazel, Joseph E. Jr.","contributorId":91819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hazel","given":"Joseph E.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kaplinski, Matt","contributorId":65817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaplinski","given":"Matt","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parnell, Roderic A.","contributorId":41922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parnell","given":"Roderic A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fairley, Helen C.","contributorId":10506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairley","given":"Helen C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":86177,"text":"ofr20081199 - 2008 - Hydrologic Evidence of Climate Change in Monroe County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:28","indexId":"ofr20081199","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1199","title":"Hydrologic Evidence of Climate Change in Monroe County, New York","docAbstract":"Increasing evidence of climate change has raised concerns that the predicted increases in air temperature and attendant changes in precipitation patterns will affect water resources around the world. An analysis of long-term meteorological and streamflow records can be used to identify trends that might be indicative of climate change, especially with respect to the magnitude and frequency of floods and droughts in western New York, including Monroe County.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081199","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Monroe County Department of Health","usgsCitation":"Coon, W.F., 2008, Hydrologic Evidence of Climate Change in Monroe County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1199, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081199.","productDescription":"12 p.","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195261,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11754,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1199/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78.16666666666667,42.833333333333336 ], [ -78.16666666666667,43.416666666666664 ], [ -77.25,43.416666666666664 ], [ -77.25,42.833333333333336 ], [ -78.16666666666667,42.833333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686279","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coon, William F. 0000-0002-7007-7797 wcoon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7007-7797","contributorId":1765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coon","given":"William","email":"wcoon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":86176,"text":"ofr20081248 - 2008 - Ground-water levels in Huron County, Michigan, 2006-07","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-06T13:11:07","indexId":"ofr20081248","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1248","title":"Ground-water levels in Huron County, Michigan, 2006-07","docAbstract":"<p>In 1990, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) completed a study of the hydrogeology of Huron County, Michigan (Sweat, 1991). In 1993, Huron County and the USGS entered into a continuing agreement to measure water levels at selected wells throughout Huron County. As part of the agreement, USGS initially operated four continuous water-level recorders, installed from 1988 to 1991 on wells in Bingham (H5r), Fairhaven (H9r), Grant (H2r), and Lake Townships (H25Ar) and summarized the data collected in an annual or bi-annual report (fig. 1). The agreement was altered in 2003, and beginning January 1, 2004, only wells H9r and H25Ar retained continuous water-level recorders, while wells H2r and H5r reverted to quarterly or periodic measurement status due to budget constraints. The decision of which two wells to discontinue was based on an analysis of the intrinsic value to Huron County of data from each well. Well H2r was selected for periodic measurement at that time because it is completed in the glacial aquifer, which is absent in much of Huron County and well H5r, which is completed in the Marshall aquifer, was selected because the water level in the well is often perturbed as a result of pumpage from nearby production wells and does not always reflect baseline conditions within the aquifer. </p><p>USGS also has provided training for County or Huron Conservation District personnel to measure the water level in 24 of the wells on a quarterly basis. USGS personnel accompany County or Huron Conservation District personnel on a semi-annual basis to provide a quality assurance/quality control check of all measurements being made. Water-level data collected from the wells is summarized in an annual or bi-annual report. </p><p>The altitude of Lake Huron and precipitation are good indicators of general climatic conditions and, therefore, provide an environmental context for groundwater levels in Huron County. Figure 2 shows the meanmonthly water-level altitude of Lake Huron, averaged from measurements made at Essexville and Harbor Beach (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2008), and monthly precipitation measured in Harbor Beach, Sebewaing, and Bad Axe (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Danny Costello, written commun., 2007-08). </p><p>In December 2007, the water level in Lake Huron dropped to a new monthly mean low of 576.38 ft for the period from 1988 through 2007 (the previous lowwater level of 576.57 ft was measured in March 2003). The net decline in the water level of Lake Huron from January 2006 through December 2007 was 0.68 ft. In 2006, annual precipitation measured at Harbor Beach was 3.2 in. above the long-term average of 31.1 in., with 10.6 in. measured during the 2006 growing season (May through August). In 2007, annual precipitation measured at Harbor Beach was 1.4 in. below normal, with 9.7 in. measured during the growing season. </p><p>In the two wells equipped with continuous waterlevel recorders, the water level rose 0.32 ft from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2007 in well H9r, but declined 1.11 ft in well H25Ar. Curiously, well H9r is drilled adjacent to Saginaw Bay (Lake Huron), and, as previously noted, there was a 0.68 ft decline in the water level in Saginaw Bay during that period. </p><p>Twenty four wells were measured on a quarterly or periodic basis from December 2005 through December 2007 (well H26 was destroyed during summer 2007 reducing the total number of wells from 25). These wells are completed in the glacial, Saginaw and Marshall aquifers, and the Coldwater confining unit. Although each quarterly or periodic measurement only provides a “snapshot” water level (measured in ft below land surface, and altitude, in ft above sea level), the data adequately define the generalized water-level trend in the aquifer near the well. Water levels in 6 quarterly-measured wells had net rises ranging from 0.09 to 1.45 ft for the period, while water levels in 18 of the wells had net declines ranging from 0.26 to 2.19 ft (tables 1 and 2; fig. 3). </p><p>Period-of-record (the time period during which water levels have been measured by U.S. Geological Survey or their cooperators) minimum depths to water (high-water levels) were measured in March and December 2006 in two quarterly-measured wells completed in the Saginaw aquifer in Oliver and Sebewaing Townships,&nbsp;respectively. A period-of-record minimum depth to water was also recorded June 5, 2007 in well H9r, completed in the Michigan Formation/Marshall aquifer in Fairhaven Township. Period-of-record maximum depths to water were measured in September 2007 in two wells completed in the Marshall aquifer in Oliver and Dwight Townships. Notably, water levels in those two wells recovered about 1 to 3 ft between September and December 2007. No period-of-record minimum or maximum depths to water were measured in wells completed in either the glacial aquifer or the Coldwater confining unit from December 2005 through December 2007. </p><p>Several external factors influence water-level trends including proximity to nearby production wells, amount and timing of precipitation events, evapotranspiration and type of prevalent ground cover, proximity of aquifer to the surface, and hydraulic characteristics of overlying geologic materials.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081248","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Huron County, Michigan","usgsCitation":"Weaver, T.L., Blumer, S.P., and Fuller, L.M., 2008, Ground-water levels in Huron County, Michigan, 2006-07: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1248, vi, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081248.","productDescription":"vi, 14 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":11753,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1248/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":194299,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20081248.JPG"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Huron County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":\"1259\",\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Huron\",\"state\":\"MI\"},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-82.9219,44.0668],[-82.9138,44.0639],[-82.9081,44.0628],[-82.8963,44.0584],[-82.8914,44.0537],[-82.8877,44.0522],[-82.8753,44.0464],[-82.8626,44.0452],[-82.8482,44.0402],[-82.8419,44.0405],[-82.8262,44.0359],[-82.8179,44.0353],[-82.8161,44.0347],[-82.8136,44.0324],[-82.8118,44.0314],[-82.8068,44.0295],[-82.7967,44.0274],[-82.7919,44.0231],[-82.7888,44.0212],[-82.7877,44.018],[-82.7824,44.0101],[-82.7805,44.0091],[-82.7735,44.0103],[-82.7678,44.0097],[-82.7659,44.0087],[-82.7622,44.0068],[-82.7543,44.0011],[-82.7483,43.9945],[-82.7408,43.9916],[-82.7384,43.9893],[-82.7314,43.9776],[-82.726,43.9716],[-82.7233,43.9633],[-82.7222,43.9592],[-82.7192,43.9559],[-82.7089,43.9474],[-82.7073,43.9423],[-82.7005,43.9376],[-82.6979,43.9288],[-82.6936,43.926],[-82.6925,43.9218],[-82.6897,43.9154],[-82.6855,43.9112],[-82.686,43.9021],[-82.6843,43.8984],[-82.6755,43.8858],[-82.6659,43.8755],[-82.6561,43.8688],[-82.6549,43.8674],[-82.6546,43.8619],[-82.6482,43.8522],[-82.6458,43.8485],[-82.6453,43.8471],[-82.6453,43.8462],[-82.648,43.844],[-82.6481,43.8431],[-82.6469,43.8417],[-82.6438,43.8393],[-82.6358,43.8345],[-82.6356,43.8277],[-82.6338,43.8258],[-82.6302,43.8102],[-82.6248,43.8046],[-82.6259,43.7973],[-82.6247,43.7959],[-82.6232,43.7886],[-82.6166,43.7824],[-82.6143,43.7774],[-82.6171,43.7733],[-82.6176,43.7533],[-82.6108,43.7385],[-82.6099,43.7225],[-82.6072,43.7138],[-82.6099,43.6998],[-82.6072,43.6906],[-82.6403,43.6893],[-82.7601,43.6854],[-82.8794,43.6815],[-83.0005,43.6788],[-83.1184,43.675],[-83.2357,43.6725],[-83.3536,43.6686],[-83.4664,43.6657],[-83.4668,43.7409],[-83.4624,43.7417],[-83.4543,43.7529],[-83.4509,43.7569],[-83.4438,43.7609],[-83.4428,43.7672],[-83.4341,43.7793],[-83.432,43.7838],[-83.4222,43.7886],[-83.4188,43.7935],[-83.4161,43.798],[-83.4146,43.8039],[-83.41,43.8075],[-83.4118,43.8102],[-83.4117,43.8112],[-83.4104,43.812],[-83.4034,43.8119],[-83.4028,43.8123],[-83.3981,43.8177],[-83.3891,43.8339],[-83.3864,43.837],[-83.3901,43.8403],[-83.3897,43.8485],[-83.3903,43.8498],[-83.3883,43.8516],[-83.3825,43.8542],[-83.3652,43.8561],[-83.3594,43.8587],[-83.3494,43.8685],[-83.3421,43.8765],[-83.3284,43.8848],[-83.3301,43.8881],[-83.3273,43.8944],[-83.3264,43.8989],[-83.3314,43.9027],[-83.3445,43.9062],[-83.3686,43.9086],[-83.3824,43.9112],[-83.3907,43.9091],[-83.4027,43.9112],[-83.4018,43.9166],[-83.3747,43.9137],[-83.3326,43.9177],[-83.314,43.9209],[-83.301,43.9265],[-83.2938,43.9314],[-83.2853,43.9366],[-83.2832,43.9407],[-83.2754,43.9451],[-83.2783,43.9492],[-83.2783,43.9501],[-83.2756,43.9533],[-83.2714,43.9605],[-83.2642,43.979],[-83.2636,43.979],[-83.2443,43.9831],[-83.2366,43.9847],[-83.1939,43.9873],[-83.1793,43.986],[-83.1787,43.986],[-83.1722,43.9886],[-83.1478,43.9925],[-83.1264,44.002],[-83.1211,44.005],[-83.1172,44.0063],[-83.1039,44.006],[-83.0906,44.0052],[-83.0823,44.005],[-83.0709,44.0042],[-83.0671,44.0037],[-83.0554,44.0084],[-83.0548,44.0079],[-83.0427,44.0217],[-83.0418,44.0253],[-83.0396,44.0312],[-83.0341,44.0402],[-83.0307,44.0433],[-83.0305,44.0474],[-83.0299,44.0474],[-83.0159,44.0479],[-83.0101,44.0487],[-82.996,44.0506],[-82.9843,44.0548],[-82.9684,44.0681],[-82.9607,44.0692],[-82.9594,44.0687],[-82.9602,44.066],[-82.9596,44.0656],[-82.9507,44.0639],[-82.9411,44.0664],[-82.9275,44.0706],[-82.9256,44.0706],[-82.9237,44.0701],[-82.9231,44.0682],[-82.9219,44.0668]]],[[[-83.4078,43.8275],[-83.4099,43.8225],[-83.4159,43.8167],[-83.4303,43.8202],[-83.4361,43.8199],[-83.4425,43.8173],[-83.444,43.8119],[-83.4511,43.8102],[-83.4617,43.8132],[-83.4602,43.8187],[-83.4579,43.8282],[-83.4531,43.8349],[-83.4512,43.8367],[-83.4442,43.8361],[-83.4445,43.8306],[-83.4415,43.8255],[-83.4365,43.824],[-83.4388,43.8286],[-83.436,43.8345],[-83.4389,43.84],[-83.4402,43.841],[-83.4444,43.8452],[-83.4449,43.8488],[-83.448,43.8512],[-83.4496,43.8567],[-83.4476,43.8603],[-83.4444,43.8611],[-83.4335,43.8618],[-83.4295,43.8535],[-83.4327,43.8513],[-83.4386,43.8487],[-83.4268,43.8411],[-83.41,43.8344],[-83.4096,43.8302],[-83.4078,43.8275]]],[[[-83.4138,43.8773],[-83.4164,43.8764],[-83.4214,43.8779],[-83.4277,43.8785],[-83.4295,43.8808],[-83.4319,43.8827],[-83.4319,43.8841],[-83.4299,43.8858],[-83.4311,43.8877],[-83.4291,43.8886],[-83.4255,43.8848],[-83.4205,43.8824],[-83.4194,43.8801],[-83.4156,43.8782],[-83.4138,43.8773]]],[[[-83.4892,43.7656],[-83.4911,43.7647],[-83.4924,43.7656],[-83.4942,43.767],[-83.4954,43.768],[-83.496,43.7694],[-83.4959,43.7721],[-83.4913,43.7752],[-83.4895,43.7733],[-83.4883,43.7724],[-83.4871,43.771],[-83.4872,43.7687],[-83.4879,43.7669],[-83.4892,43.7656]]],[[[-83.4212,43.8123],[-83.418,43.8113],[-83.4174,43.8117],[-83.4175,43.8095],[-83.4189,43.8068],[-83.4215,43.805],[-83.4228,43.805],[-83.4246,43.806],[-83.4252,43.8065],[-83.4239,43.8087],[-83.4238,43.811],[-83.4225,43.8114],[-83.4212,43.8123]]],[[[-83.4617,43.7572],[-83.4655,43.7559],[-83.4668,43.7559],[-83.4686,43.7574],[-83.4686,43.7583],[-83.4667,43.7591],[-83.4653,43.7614],[-83.4614,43.7631],[-83.4596,43.7612],[-83.4577,43.7612],[-83.4597,43.7576],[-83.4617,43.7572]]],[[[-83.4582,43.8072],[-83.457,43.8045],[-83.4589,43.8045],[-83.4609,43.8023],[-83.4622,43.8014],[-83.4635,43.8023],[-83.464,43.8051],[-83.4626,43.8078],[-83.4594,43.8086],[-83.4588,43.8077],[-83.4582,43.8072]]],[[[-83.4751,43.7971],[-83.477,43.7967],[-83.4783,43.7972],[-83.4794,43.8],[-83.4781,43.8013],[-83.4743,43.8021],[-83.4718,43.8012],[-83.4712,43.8007],[-83.4719,43.7989],[-83.4725,43.798],[-83.4751,43.7971]]],[[[-83.4665,44.0056],[-83.4716,44.0048],[-83.4767,44.0054],[-83.4785,44.0068],[-83.4784,44.0087],[-83.474,44.0095],[-83.4688,44.0103],[-83.4657,44.0093],[-83.4665,44.0056]]],[[[-83.4382,44.0273],[-83.4383,44.0246],[-83.4414,44.026],[-83.445,44.0302],[-83.4427,44.0388],[-83.4352,44.0359],[-83.4296,44.0331],[-83.4304,44.0299],[-83.4382,44.0273]]]]}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d555","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weaver, T. L.","contributorId":24339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blumer, S. P.","contributorId":23938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blumer","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuller, L. M.","contributorId":97987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":86185,"text":"sir20085135 - 2008 - Portable chamber measurements of evapotranspiration at the Amargosa Desert Research Site near Beatty, Nye County, Nevada, 2003-06","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-20T10:30:15","indexId":"sir20085135","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5135","title":"Portable chamber measurements of evapotranspiration at the Amargosa Desert Research Site near Beatty, Nye County, Nevada, 2003-06","docAbstract":"Portable chamber measurements of evapotranspiration (ET) were made at the U.S. Geological Survey's Amargosa Desert Research Site in southern Nevada to help quantify component- and landscape-scale contributions to ET in an arid environment. Evapotranspiration data were collected approximately every 3 months from 2003 to 2006. Chamber measurements of ET were partitioned into bare-soil evaporation and mixed-species transpiration components. The component-scale ET fluxes from native shrubs typically surpassed those from bare soil by as much as a factor of four. Component-scale ET fluxes were extrapolated to landscape-scale ET using a one-layer, multi-component canopy model. Landscape-scale ET fluxes predominantly were controlled by bare-soil evaporation. Bare soil covered 94 percent of the landscape on average and contributed about 70 percent of the landscape-scale vapor flux. Creosote bush, an evergreen shrub, accounted for about 90 percent of transpiration on average due to its dominance across the landscape (80 percent of the 6 percent shrub cover) and evergreen character. ","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20085135","usgsCitation":"Garcia, C.A., Johnson, M.J., Andraski, B.J., Halford, K.J., and Mayers, C.J., 2008, Portable chamber measurements of evapotranspiration at the Amargosa Desert Research Site near Beatty, Nye County, Nevada, 2003-06: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5135, iv, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085135.","productDescription":"iv, 11 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2003-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190666,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11762,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5135/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Nye County","city":"Beatty","otherGeospatial":"Amargosa Desert Research Site","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.25,36 ], [ -117.25,37.25 ], [ -115.75,37.25 ], [ -115.75,36 ], [ -117.25,36 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e7aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garcia, C. Amanda 0000-0003-3776-3565 cgarcia@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3776-3565","contributorId":1899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"C.","email":"cgarcia@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Amanda","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Michael J. johnsonm@usgs.gov","contributorId":2282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Michael","email":"johnsonm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Andraski, Brian J. 0000-0002-2086-0417 andraski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2086-0417","contributorId":168800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andraski","given":"Brian","email":"andraski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":297111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Halford, Keith J. 0000-0002-7322-1846 khalford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7322-1846","contributorId":1374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halford","given":"Keith","email":"khalford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mayers, C. Justin cjmayers@usgs.gov","contributorId":94745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayers","given":"C.","email":"cjmayers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Justin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":86183,"text":"ofr20081141 - 2008 - Paleontologic Database for the Guadalupe Peak 1:100,000 Quadrangle: A Prototype for the National Paleontologic Database, Paleodata","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:15","indexId":"ofr20081141","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1141","title":"Paleontologic Database for the Guadalupe Peak 1:100,000 Quadrangle: A Prototype for the National Paleontologic Database, Paleodata","docAbstract":"This report is a compilation of most of the known fossil locality data from Guadalupe Peak 1:100,000 quadrangle, West Texas. The data represent several major collection efforts over the past century by the Smithsonian Institution, the American Museum of Natural History, and the U.S. Geological Survey. \r\n\r\nThis dataset is not meant to be all inclusive but instead is an attempt to pull together the vast amount of paleontologic data originally collected by Girty (1908) and King (1948), much of which is unpublished and (or) poorly located. The author visited most of the major fossil collection sites to collect for conodonts on a ten-year program funded by the Smithsonian Institution for collaborative research with Richard E. Grant. Guadalupe Mountains National Park occupies the northern part of the quadrangle, and the Park Service has been very helpful over the years in compiling the data and relocating the collection sites. \r\n\r\nThis dataset serves as the prototype for the National Paleontologic Database, part of the National Geologic Map Database Project. The database is intended to be indexed to 1:100,000 quadrangles of the U.S. The minimum number of fields and information within those fields is shown in the report.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081141","usgsCitation":"Wardlaw, B.R., 2008, Paleontologic Database for the Guadalupe Peak 1:100,000 Quadrangle: A Prototype for the National Paleontologic Database, Paleodata: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1141, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081141.","productDescription":"7 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190987,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11760,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1141/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689b92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wardlaw, Bruce R. bwardlaw@usgs.gov","contributorId":266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wardlaw","given":"Bruce","email":"bwardlaw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":86182,"text":"ofr20081013 - 2008 - Weight of Production of Emeralds, Rubies, Sapphires, and Tanzanite from 1995 Through 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-24T07:29:14","indexId":"ofr20081013","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1013","title":"Weight of Production of Emeralds, Rubies, Sapphires, and Tanzanite from 1995 Through 2005","docAbstract":"<p>U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) historically has not attempted to report comprehensive world production of gemstones on a country basis. This was because estimation of gemstone production is inherently difficult due to the fragmentary nature of the industry, the lack of governmental oversight or reporting in many countries where colored gemstones are mined, and the wide variation in quality between individual gemstones. Unlike diamonds, which, with the exception of the alluvial stones of West Africa, are mainly produced by large international mining companies and evaluated, cut, and marketed through a highly developed pricing structure and complex commercial arrangements, colored gemstones are mainly mined by individuals or small companies and have less developed evaluation and marketing arrangements. The trading centers for colored gems are smaller and less well known than the diamond centers. Colored gemstones, like alluvial diamonds, have the potential to be used to fund civil conflicts and other illegal activities, and because trade in colored gemstones is less organized than that of diamonds, they offer less opportunity for effective regulation of their trade. And, like diamond, until the recent advent of the Kimberley Process no generally accepted estimates of colored gemstone production globally or by producing country have existed. The present paper is a first attempt to develop production statistics for the three precious gems -<a href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1013/Table_1_Emeralds_2008-1013.xls\">emeralds</a>, <a href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1013/Table_2_Ruby_2008-1013.xls\">rubies</a>, and <a href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1013/Table_3_Sapphire_2008-1013.xls\">sapphires</a> - and <a href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1013/Table_4_Tanzanite_2008-1013.xls\">tanzanite</a> tanzanite, a semi-precious gem. The data consist of the weight of production of each of the gemstones from 1995 through 2005. Preliminary data on the weights of gemstone production were presented as a poster session at the Gemological Institute of America's Gemological Research Conference in San Diego, CA, in 2006, and as a published abstract (Yager, 2006) in an attempt to gather response to the estimates. The USGS continues to welcome information and suggestions that would improve the data presented here.</p>\n<p>Information used to make the production estimates presented in this paper include annual USGS Mineral Questionnaires completed by producing countries, data on exports from producing countries, reports from the literature, and company reports.</p>\n<p>Comparisons of the weight and the value of production of a type of gemstone between countries may differ considerably. Whereas east African countries dominate the weight production of rubies, Burma (Myanmar) is widely thought to have the highest value of ruby production. Data on the value of gemstone production are even more difficult to estimate than is the weight of production. Value of production is dependent upon both the quality and the sizes of the stones produced. Such data are not readily available and are difficult to estimate; therefore this report does not present tables of values of production. Instead, the report briefly discusses the forms in which gemstones are sold, the systems used to value the gemstones, and selected data that illustrate the variability of value of gemstones of a particular type.</p>","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081013","usgsCitation":"Yager, T., Menzie, W.D., and Olson, D.W., 2008, Weight of Production of Emeralds, Rubies, Sapphires, and Tanzanite from 1995 Through 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1013, iii, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081013.","productDescription":"iii, 9 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1995-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":11759,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1013/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":190642,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":318322,"rank":5,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1013/Table_3_Sapphire_2008-1013.xls","text":"Table 3 - Sapphire","size":"21.5 KB xls","description":"OFR 2008-1013"},{"id":318323,"rank":6,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1013/Table_4_Tanzanite_2008-1013.xls","text":"Table 4 - Tanzanite","size":"14 KB xls","description":"OFR 2008-1013"},{"id":318320,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1013/Table_1_Emeralds_2008-1013.xls","text":"Table 1 - Emerald","size":"19 KB xls","description":"OFR 2008-1013"},{"id":318321,"rank":4,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1013/Table_2_Ruby_2008-1013.xls","text":"Table 2 - Ruby","size":"20.5 KB xls","description":"OFR 2008-1013"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adfe4b07f02db687d07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yager, Thomas R.","contributorId":54681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Thomas R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Menzie, W. David","contributorId":15645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Menzie","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":297107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olson, Donald W. dolson@usgs.gov","contributorId":526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"Donald","email":"dolson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70156782,"text":"70156782 - 2008 - Land management in the Anthropocene: is history still relevant?: Incorporating historical ecology and climate change into land management; Lansdowne, Virginia, 22–25 April 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T14:04:57","indexId":"70156782","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Land management in the Anthropocene: is history still relevant?: Incorporating historical ecology and climate change into land management; Lansdowne, Virginia, 22–25 April 2008","docAbstract":"<p><span>Ecological restoration, conservation, and land management are often based on comparisons with reference sites or time periods, which are assumed to represent &ldquo;natural&rdquo; or &ldquo;properly functioning&rdquo; conditions. Such reference conditions can provide a vision of the conservation or management goal and a means to measure progress toward that vision. Although historical ecology has been used successfully to guide resource management in many parts of the world, the continuing relevance of history is now being questioned. Some scientists doubt that lessons from the past can inform management in what may be a dramatically different future, given profound climate change, accelerated land use, and an onslaught of plant and animal invasions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2008EO370004","usgsCitation":"Safford, H.D., Betancourt, J.L., Hayward, G., Wiens, J., and Regan, C.M., 2008, Land management in the Anthropocene: is history still relevant?: Incorporating historical ecology and climate change into land management; Lansdowne, Virginia, 22–25 April 2008: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 89, no. 37, p. 343-343, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008EO370004.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"343","endPage":"343","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":307661,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"37","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55e034bee4b0f42e3d040e31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Safford, Hugh D.","contributorId":112922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Safford","given":"Hugh","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Betancourt, Julio L. 0000-0002-7165-0743 jlbetanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":3376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"Julio","email":"jlbetanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hayward, Gregory D.","contributorId":112302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayward","given":"Gregory D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wiens, John A.","contributorId":56566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiens","given":"John A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Regan, Claudia M.","contributorId":147141,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Regan","given":"Claudia","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
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