{"pageNumber":"2149","pageRowStart":"53700","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":86106,"text":"sir20075281 - 2008 - The Yukon Flats Cretaceous(?)-Tertiary extensional basin, east-central Alaska: Burial and thermal history modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-18T19:55:59.547464","indexId":"sir20075281","displayToPublicDate":"2008-08-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5281","title":"The Yukon Flats Cretaceous(?)-Tertiary extensional basin, east-central Alaska: Burial and thermal history modeling","docAbstract":"<p><span>One-dimensional burial and thermal history modeling of the Yukon Flats basin, east-central Alaska, was conducted as part of an assessment of the region’s undiscovered oil and gas resources. No deep exploratory wells have been drilled in the Yukon Flats region, and the subsurface geology of the basin is inferred from seismic reflection, gravity and magnetic surveys, and studies of shallow core holes in the basin and outcrops in the surrounding region. A thick sequence of Upper Cretaceous(?) and Cenozoic nonmarine sedimentary rocks is believed to fill the basin; coal and organic-rich mudstone and shale within this sequence represent potential hydrocarbon source rocks. The burial and thermal history models presented here represent the sole source of information on the thermal maturity of these potential source rocks at depth. We present four alternative burial history scenarios for a hypothetical well through the deepest portion of Yukon Flats basin. They differ from each other in the thicknesses of Upper Cretaceous and Cenozoic strata, the timing of initial basin subsidence, and the timing of inferred unconformities. The burial modeling results suggest a present-day depth to the oil window of approximately 6,000 feet.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20075281","usgsCitation":"Rowan, E.L., and Stanley, R.G., 2008, The Yukon Flats Cretaceous(?)-Tertiary extensional basin, east-central Alaska: Burial and thermal history modeling: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5281, iv, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075281.","productDescription":"iv, 12 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124719,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2007_5281.jpg"},{"id":415946,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_84176.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":11670,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5281/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -149.55,\n              65.3333\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.55,\n              67.2333\n            ],\n            [\n              -142.45,\n              67.2333\n            ],\n            [\n              -142.45,\n              65.3333\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.55,\n              65.3333\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cbda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowan, Elisabeth L. 0000-0001-5753-6189 erowan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5753-6189","contributorId":2075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowan","given":"Elisabeth","email":"erowan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stanley, Richard G. 0000-0001-6192-8783 rstanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6192-8783","contributorId":1832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"Richard","email":"rstanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":86105,"text":"ofr20081247 - 2008 - Summary of Ground-Water Data for Brunswick County, North Carolina, Water Year 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-08T11:23:17","indexId":"ofr20081247","displayToPublicDate":"2008-08-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1247","title":"Summary of Ground-Water Data for Brunswick County, North Carolina, Water Year 2006","docAbstract":"Ground-water availability in Brunswick County, North Carolina, has been monitored continuously since 2000 through the operation and maintenance of ground-water-level observation wells in the surficial, Castle Hayne, Peedee, and Black Creek aquifers of the North Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system. Ground-water-resource conditions for the Brunswick County area were determined by relating the period-of-record normal (25th to 75th percentile) monthly mean ground-water-level and precipitation data to median monthly mean ground-water levels and monthly sum of daily precipitation for water year 2006. Summaries of precipitation and ground-water conditions for the Brunswick County area and hydrographs and statistics of continuous ground-water levels collected during the 2006 water year are presented in this report. Ground-water resource conditions varied by aquifer and geographic location within Brunswick County. Water levels were normal in 3 of the 11 observation wells, above normal in 5, and below normal in the remaining 3 wells.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081247","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Brunswick County, North Carolina","usgsCitation":"McSwain, K., 2008, Summary of Ground-Water Data for Brunswick County, North Carolina, Water Year 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1247, iv, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081247.","productDescription":"iv, 37 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2005-10-01","temporalEnd":"2006-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195630,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11669,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1247/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78.75,33.75 ], [ -78.75,34.5 ], [ -77.75,34.5 ], [ -77.75,33.75 ], [ -78.75,33.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699537","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McSwain, Kristen Bukowski","contributorId":104458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McSwain","given":"Kristen Bukowski","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":86104,"text":"sir20085055 - 2008 - Hydrogeologic Setting, Ground-Water Flow, and Ground-Water Quality at the Langtree Peninsula Research Station, Iredell County, North Carolina, 2000-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T10:01:43","indexId":"sir20085055","displayToPublicDate":"2008-08-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5055","title":"Hydrogeologic Setting, Ground-Water Flow, and Ground-Water Quality at the Langtree Peninsula Research Station, Iredell County, North Carolina, 2000-2005","docAbstract":"A 6-year intensive field study (2000-2005) of a complex, regolith-fractured bedrock ground-water system was conducted at the Langtree Peninsula research station on the Davidson College Lake Campus in Iredell County, North Carolina. This research station was constructed as part of the Piedmont and Mountains Resource Evaluation Program, a cooperative study being conducted by the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources and the U.S. Geological Survey. Results of the study characterize the distinction and interaction of a two-component ground-water system in a quartz diorite rock type. The Langtree Peninsula research station includes 17 monitoring wells and 12 piezometers, including 2 well transects along high to low topographic settings, drilled into separate parts of the ground-water-flow system. The location of the research station is representative of a metaigneous intermediate (composition) regional hydrogeologic unit. The primary rock type is mafic quartz diorite that has steeply dipping foliation. Primary and secondary foliations are present in the quartz diorite at the site, and both have an average strike of about N. 12 degree E. and dip about 60 degree in opposite directions to the southeast (primary) and the northwest (secondary). This rock is cut by granitic dikes (intrusions) ranging in thickness from 2 to 50 feet and having an average strike of N. 20 degree W. and an average dip of 66 degree to the southwest. Depth to consolidated bedrock is considered moderate to deep, ranging from about 24 to 76 feet below land surface. The transition zone was delineated and described in each corehole near the well clusters but had a highly variable thickness ranging from about 1 to 20 feet. Thickness of the regolith (23 to 68 feet) and the transition zone do not appear to be related to topographic setting. Delineated bedrock fractures are dominantly low angle (possibly stress relief), which were observed to be open to partially open at depths of as much as 479 feet below land surface. Well yields ranged from about 3 to 50 gallons per minute. The connection of fracture zones at depth was demonstrated in three bedrock wells during a 48-hour aquifer test, and drawdown curves were similar for all three wells. \r\n\r\nGeneral findings of this study help characterize ground-water flow in the Piedmont and Mountains ground-water systems. Ground-water flow generally is from high to low topographic settings. Ground-water flow discharges toward a surface-water boundary (Lake Norman), and vertical hydraulic gradients generally are downward in recharge areas and upward in discharge areas. Dominant water types are calcium-bicarbonate and are similar in all three zones (regolith, transition zone, and bedrock) of the ground-water system. Results of continuous ground-water-quality monitoring indicate that ground-water recharge may occur seasonally over a period of several months or after heavy rainfall periods over a shorter period of a few to several weeks.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20085055","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Water Quality","usgsCitation":"Pippin, C.G., Chapman, M.J., Huffman, B.A., Heller, M., and Schelgel, M.E., 2008, Hydrogeologic Setting, Ground-Water Flow, and Ground-Water Quality at the Langtree Peninsula Research Station, Iredell County, North Carolina, 2000-2005: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5055, viii, 89 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085055.","productDescription":"viii, 89 p.","temporalStart":"2000-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195605,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11668,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5055/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","county":"Iredell County","otherGeospatial":"Langtree Peninsula Research Station","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -85,33.5 ], [ -85,37 ], [ -75,37 ], [ -75,33.5 ], [ -85,33.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a50e4b07f02db628d79","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pippin, Charles G.","contributorId":64739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pippin","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapman, Melinda J. 0000-0003-4021-0320 mjchap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4021-0320","contributorId":1597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"Melinda","email":"mjchap@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huffman, Brad A. 0000-0003-4025-1325 bahuffma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4025-1325","contributorId":1596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huffman","given":"Brad","email":"bahuffma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Heller, Matthew J.","contributorId":81588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heller","given":"Matthew J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schelgel, Melissa E.","contributorId":22455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schelgel","given":"Melissa","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":86099,"text":"ofr20081249 - 2008 - Results of a Survey of Residential Home Heating Fuel and Stove Type and Use in the Shiprock Area of the Navajo Nation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-03T15:03:52","indexId":"ofr20081249","displayToPublicDate":"2008-08-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1249","title":"Results of a Survey of Residential Home Heating Fuel and Stove Type and Use in the Shiprock Area of the Navajo Nation","docAbstract":"<p>For many Navajo people, coal provides an affordable and convenient means of home heating. However, coal combustion results in the formation and mobilization of materials that are known risk factors for respiratory and other diseases. The level of respiratory morbidity among the Navajo people is higher than can be explained by usual epidemiological risk factors. The Shiprock area of the Navajo Nation is somewhat unique in that atmospheric thermal inversions trap air pollution low to the ground, especially in winter. There are two large mine mouth coal-fired power plants located in the vicinity, with a third plant in the planning stages. Both of the existing power plants are exempt from regulation under the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1990 Amendments to the Clean Air Act due to their age. The purpose of this survey was to assess the fuel and stove type and use, and document other household characteristics that might be related to the exposure of potentially toxic coal combustion products. A total of 137 surveys was conducted in English and Navajo to ascertain and document fuel usage and the type, size and conditions of heating stoves used in both traditional and modern homes. Results have been presented to the community at the Shiprock Chapter in the Navajo language. To increase public awareness, ways to properly use and store coal and to improve stove function and ventilation were also shared.</p>","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081249","usgsCitation":"Bunnell, J.E., and Garcia, L.V., 2008, Results of a Survey of Residential Home Heating Fuel and Stove Type and Use in the Shiprock Area of the Navajo Nation: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1249, iii, 3 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081249.","productDescription":"iii, 3 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":190536,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1249/images/ofr1249.jpg"},{"id":298253,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1249/ofr2008-1249.pdf","size":"64 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":11661,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1249/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":298255,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1249/Navajo%20stove--fuel%20type--use%20survey%20key%20codes.xls","text":"Navajo stove type use survey key codes","description":"Navajo stove type use survey key codes","linkHelpText":"Table 2. Explanations of coded responses presented in Table 1."},{"id":298254,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1249/Navajo%20stove--fuel%20type--survey.xls","text":"Navajo stove fuel type survey","description":"Navajo stove fuel type survey","linkHelpText":"Table 1. Tabulated responses to the survey instrument for all 137 participants."}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60ef63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bunnell, Joseph E. jbunnell@usgs.gov","contributorId":556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunnell","given":"Joseph","email":"jbunnell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":296824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garcia, Linda V.","contributorId":107787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":86103,"text":"ofr20081122 - 2008 - Mercury geochemistry of gold placer tailings, sediments, bedrock, and waters in the lower Clear Creek area, Shasta County, California— Report of investigations, 2001-2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-13T21:12:45.065985","indexId":"ofr20081122","displayToPublicDate":"2008-08-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1122","title":"Mercury geochemistry of gold placer tailings, sediments, bedrock, and waters in the lower Clear Creek area, Shasta County, California— Report of investigations, 2001-2003","docAbstract":"Clear Creek, one of the major tributaries of the upper Sacramento River, drains the eastern Trinity Mountains. Alluvial plain and terrace gravels of lower Clear Creek, at the northwest edge of the Sacramento Valley, contain placer gold that has been mined since the Gold Rush by various methods including hydraulic mining and dredging. In addition, from the 1950s to the 1980s aggregate-mining operations removed gravel from the lower Clear Creek flood plain.\r\n\r\nSince Clear Creek is an important stream for salmon production, a habitat restoration program is underway to repair damage from mining and improve conditions for spawning. This program includes moving dredge tailings to increase the area of spawning gravel and to fill gravel pits in the flood plain, raising the concern that mercury lost to these tailings in the gold recovery process may be released and become available to biota. The purposes of our study are to identify sources, transport, and dispersal of mercury in the lower Clear Creek area and identify environments in which bioavailable methylmercury is produced. Analytical data acquired include total mercury and methylmercury concentrations in sediments, tailings, and water.\r\n\r\nMercury concentrations in bedrock and unmined gravels in and around the mined area are low and are taken to represent background concentrations. Bulk mercury values in placer mining tailings range from near-background in coarse dry materials to more than 40 times background in sands and silts exposed to mercury in sluices. Tailings are entrained in flood-plain sediments and active stream sediments; consequently, mercury concentrations in these materials range from background to about two to three times background. Mercury in sediments and tailings is associated with fine size fractions. The source of most of this mercury is historical gold mining in the Clear Creek watershed. Although methylmercury levels are low in most of these tailings and sediments, flood-plain sediment in shallow flood-plain ponds, tailings in a dredge pond, and active stream sediment in a Clear Creek backwater have elevated levels of methylmercury.\r\n\r\nStream waters in the area show low mercury levels during both summer and winter base-flow conditions. During winter high flows total mercury increases by about one order of magnitude; this additional mercury is associated with suspended particulate material. Methylmercury is low in stream waters.\r\n\r\nPonds in various environments generally have higher total mercury levels in waters than Clear Creek under base-flow conditions and higher methylmercury levels in both sediments and waters. Ponds are probably the main source of bioavailable mercury in the lower Clear Creek area.\r\n\r\nSeveral saline springs occur in the area. The saline waters are enriched in lithium, boron, and mercury, similar to connate waters that are expelled along thrust faults to the south on the west side of the Sacramento Valley. Saline springs may locally contribute some mercury to pond and drainage waters.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081122","usgsCitation":"Ashley, R.P., and Rytuba, J.J., 2008, Mercury geochemistry of gold placer tailings, sediments, bedrock, and waters in the lower Clear Creek area, Shasta County, California— Report of investigations, 2001-2003 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1122, Report: viii, 65 p.; 1 Figure: 28 x 13 inches; Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081122.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 65 p.; 1 Figure: 28 x 13 inches; Tables","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2001-01-01","temporalEnd":"2003-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":658,"text":"Western Mineral Resources","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194667,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402125,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_84165.htm"},{"id":11667,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1122/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Shasta County","otherGeospatial":"lower Clear Creek area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.53,\n              40.4869\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.38,\n              40.4869\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.38,\n              40.5208\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.53,\n              40.5208\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.53,\n              40.4869\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ce4b07f02db613e11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ashley, Roger P. ashley@usgs.gov","contributorId":2749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ashley","given":"Roger","email":"ashley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":296834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rytuba, James J. jrytuba@usgs.gov","contributorId":3043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rytuba","given":"James","email":"jrytuba@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":86101,"text":"sim2980 - 2008 - Geologic Map of the Cedargrove Quadrangle, Dent and Shannon Counties, Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:49","indexId":"sim2980","displayToPublicDate":"2008-08-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2980","title":"Geologic Map of the Cedargrove Quadrangle, Dent and Shannon Counties, Missouri","docAbstract":"The Cedargrove 7.5-minute quadrangle is located in south-central Missouri within the Salem Plateau region of the Ozark Plateaus physiographic province. Most of the land in the quadrangle is privately owned and used primarily for grazing cattle and horses and growing timber. The map area has topographic relief of about 565 feet (ft), with elevations ranging from about 760 ft at Akers Ferry on the central-southern edge of the map to about 1,325 ft near the town of Jadwin in the north-central part of the map area. The most prominent physiographic features in the quadrangle are the valleys of the Current River and Big Creek in the southwestern part of the map area, and the valley of Gladden Creek, which transects the eastern part of the quadrangle from north to south.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sim2980","isbn":"9781411319134","usgsCitation":"Weary, D.J., 2008, Geologic Map of the Cedargrove Quadrangle, Dent and Shannon Counties, Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2980, Map Sheet: 56 x 40 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2980.","productDescription":"Map Sheet: 56 x 40 inches","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246702,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_87494.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"87494"},{"id":11663,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2980/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195077,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Polyconic","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -91.61749999999999,37.3675 ], [ -91.61749999999999,37.5 ], [ -91.5,37.5 ], [ -91.5,37.3675 ], [ -91.61749999999999,37.3675 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a856a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weary, David J. 0000-0002-6115-6397 dweary@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6115-6397","contributorId":545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weary","given":"David","email":"dweary@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":86100,"text":"ofr20081236 - 2008 - An atlas of ShakeMaps for selected global earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T10:58:33","indexId":"ofr20081236","displayToPublicDate":"2008-08-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1236","title":"An atlas of ShakeMaps for selected global earthquakes","docAbstract":"An atlas of maps of peak ground motions and intensity 'ShakeMaps' has been developed for almost 5,000 recent and historical global earthquakes. These maps are produced using established ShakeMap methodology (Wald and others, 1999c; Wald and others, 2005) and constraints from macroseismic intensity data, instrumental ground motions, regional topographically-based site amplifications, and published earthquake-rupture models. Applying the ShakeMap methodology allows a consistent approach to combine point observations with ground-motion predictions to produce descriptions of peak ground motions and intensity for each event. We also calculate an estimated ground-motion uncertainty grid for each earthquake.\r\nThe Atlas of ShakeMaps provides a consistent and quantitative description of the distribution and intensity of shaking for recent global earthquakes (1973-2007) as well as selected historic events. As such, the Atlas was developed specifically for calibrating global earthquake loss estimation methodologies to be used in the U.S. Geological Survey Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response (PAGER) Project. PAGER will employ these loss models to rapidly estimate the impact of global earthquakes as part of the USGS National Earthquake Information Center's earthquake-response protocol.\r\nThe development of the Atlas of ShakeMaps has also led to several key improvements to the Global ShakeMap system. The key upgrades include: addition of uncertainties in the ground motion mapping, introduction of modern ground-motion prediction equations, improved estimates of global seismic-site conditions (VS30), and improved definition of stable continental region polygons. Finally, we have merged all of the ShakeMaps in the Atlas to provide a global perspective of earthquake ground shaking for the past 35 years, allowing comparison with probabilistic hazard maps. The online Atlas and supporting databases can be found at http://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/shakemap/atlas.php/.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081236","usgsCitation":"Allen, T.I., Wald, D.J., Hotovec, A.J., Lin, K., Earle, P.S., and Marano, K., 2008, An atlas of ShakeMaps for selected global earthquakes (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1236, Report: iv, 35 p.; Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081236.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 35 p.; Appendixes","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":299,"text":"Geologic Hazards Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190785,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11662,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1236/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db68579e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, Trevor I.","contributorId":60722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Trevor","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wald, David J. 0000-0002-1454-4514 wald@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"David","email":"wald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hotovec, Alicia J.","contributorId":88039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hotovec","given":"Alicia","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lin, Kuo-Wan","contributorId":38656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lin","given":"Kuo-Wan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Earle, Paul S. pearle@usgs.gov","contributorId":840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Earle","given":"Paul","email":"pearle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":296827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Marano, Kristin D.","contributorId":54683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marano","given":"Kristin D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":86102,"text":"ofr20081175 - 2008 - Hydrologic, Water-Quality, and Meteorological Data for the Cambridge, Massachusetts, Drinking-Water Source Area, Water Year 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:27","indexId":"ofr20081175","displayToPublicDate":"2008-08-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1175","title":"Hydrologic, Water-Quality, and Meteorological Data for the Cambridge, Massachusetts, Drinking-Water Source Area, Water Year 2006","docAbstract":"Records of water quantity, water quality, and meteorological parameters were continuously collected from three reservoirs, two primary streams, and four subbasin tributaries in the Cambridge, Massachusetts, drinking-water source area during water year 2006 (October 2005 through September 2006). Water samples were collected during base-flow conditions and storms in the subbasins of the Cambridge Reservoir and Stony Brook Reservoir drainage areas and analyzed for dissolved calcium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate; total nitrogen and phosphorus; and polar pesticides and metabolites. These data were collected to assist watershed administrators in managing the drinking-water source area and to identify potential sources of contaminants and trends in contaminant loading to the water supply. \r\n\r\nMonthly reservoir contents for the Cambridge Reservoir varied from about 59 to 98 percent of capacity during water year 2006, while monthly reservoir contents for the Stony Brook Reservoir and the Fresh Pond Reservoir was maintained at greater than 83 and 94 percent of capacity, respectively. If water demand is assumed to be 15 million gallons per day by the city of Cambridge, the volume of water released from the Stony Brook Reservoir to the Charles River during the 2006 water year is equivalent to an annual water surplus of about 127 percent. Recorded precipitation in the source area was about 16 percent greater for the 2006 water year than for the previous water year and was between 12 and 73 percent greater than for any recorded amount since water year 2002. \r\n\r\nThe monthly mean specific-conductance values for all continuously monitored stations within the drinking-water source area were generally within the range of historical data collected since water year 1997, and in many cases were less than the historical medians. The annual mean specific conductance of 738 uS/cm (microsiemens per centimeter) for water discharged from the Cambridge Reservoir was nearly identical to the annual mean specific conductance for water year 2005 which was 737 uS/cm. However, the annual mean specific conductance at Stony Brook near Route 20 in Waltham (U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) station 01104460), on the principal tributary to the Stony Brook Reservoir, and at USGS station 01104475 on a smaller tributary to the Stony Brook Reservoir were about 15 and 13 percent lower, respectively, than the previous annual mean specific conductances of 538 and 284 uS/cm, respectively for water year 2005. The annual mean specific conductance for Fresh Pond Reservoir decreased from 553 uS/cm in the 2005 water year to 514 uS/cm in the 2006 water year.\r\n\r\nWater samples were collected in nearly all of the subbasins in the Cambridge drinking-water source area and from Fresh Pond during water year 2006. Discrete water samples were collected during base-flow conditions with an antecedent dry period of at least 4 days. Composite samples, consisting of as many as 100 subsamples, were collected by automatic samplers during storms. Concentrations of most dissolved constituents were generally lower in samples of stormwater than in samples collected during base flow; however, the average concentration of total phosphorus in samples of stormwater were from 160 to 1,109 percent greater than the average concentration in water samples collected during base-flow conditions. Concentrations of total nitrogen in water samples collected during base-flow conditions and composite samples of stormwater at USGS stations 01104415, 01104460, and 01104475 were similar, but mean concentrations of total nitrogen in samples of stormwater differed by about 0.5 mg/L (milligrams per liter) from those in water samples collected during base-flow conditions at U.S. Geological Survey stations 01104433 and 01104455. In six water samples, measurements of pH were lower than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) national recommended freshwater quality criteria and the USEPA secondary drinking water-standa","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081175","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Cambridge, Massachusetts, Water Department","usgsCitation":"Smith, K.P., 2008, Hydrologic, Water-Quality, and Meteorological Data for the Cambridge, Massachusetts, Drinking-Water Source Area, Water Year 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1175, Total: 164 p.; Report: vi, 23 p.; Tables: pages 25-143, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081175.","productDescription":"Total: 164 p.; Report: vi, 23 p.; Tables: pages 25-143","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2005-10-01","temporalEnd":"2006-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":377,"text":"Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195134,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11666,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1175/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.33333333333333,42.333333333333336 ], [ -71.33333333333333,42.46666666666667 ], [ -71.08333333333333,42.46666666666667 ], [ -71.08333333333333,42.333333333333336 ], [ -71.33333333333333,42.333333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688e29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Kirk P. 0000-0003-0269-474X kpsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0269-474X","contributorId":1516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Kirk","email":"kpsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":86097,"text":"sim3033 - 2008 - Geologic map of the Hidden Hills Ranch Quadrangle, Clark County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-29T11:51:37.776599","indexId":"sim3033","displayToPublicDate":"2008-08-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3033","displayTitle":"Geologic Map of the Hidden Hills Ranch Quadrangle, Clark County, Nevada","title":"Geologic map of the Hidden Hills Ranch Quadrangle, Clark County, Nevada","docAbstract":"The prominent structural feature in the Pahrump Valley is the right-lateral Pahrump-Stewart Valley fault system (PSV) (Anderson and others, 1995b), which is the central segment of the State Line fault system as defined by Blakely and others (1998). The main trace of this fault system, as shown in figure 1A, strikes northwest along the California-Nevada state line through Pahrump and Stewart Valleys (Anderson and others, 1995b). Hoffard (1991) describes three separate segments of the PSV within the Pahrump Valley (fig. 1B). The East Nopah fault zone (ENFZ) is a narrow band of right lateral, strike-slip faults along the eastern front of the Nopah Range. The Pahrump Valley fault zone (PVFZ) is a wider band of right-oblique-slip faults through the center of the Pahrump Valley and extending northwest into the Stewart Valley fault zone (SVFZ). The West Spring Mountains fault zone (WSMFZ) is a band of high-angle normal faults that strike north along the western front of the Spring Mountains and may represent a splay of the PVFZ.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim3033","usgsCitation":"Workman, J.B., Lundstrom, S.C., Blakely, R.J., and Dixon, G.L., 2008, Geologic map of the Hidden Hills Ranch Quadrangle, Clark County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3033, 1 Plate: 50.00 x 31.00 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3033.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 50.00 x 31.00 inches; Downloads Directory","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195198,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":110785,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_84153.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"84153"},{"id":11659,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3033/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Clark County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115.86749999999999,36 ], [ -115.86749999999999,36.1175 ], [ -115.75,36.1175 ], [ -115.75,36 ], [ -115.86749999999999,36 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a84f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Workman, Jeremiah B. 0000-0001-7816-6420 jworkman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7816-6420","contributorId":714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Workman","given":"Jeremiah","email":"jworkman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lundstrom, Scott C. 0000-0003-4149-2219 sclundst@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4149-2219","contributorId":2446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lundstrom","given":"Scott","email":"sclundst@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blakely, Richard J. 0000-0003-1701-5236 blakely@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-5236","contributorId":1540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakely","given":"Richard","email":"blakely@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dixon, Gary L.","contributorId":23571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":86098,"text":"sim3010 - 2008 - Geologic map of the Clark Peak quadrangle, Jackson and Larimer Counties, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-14T19:52:53.859735","indexId":"sim3010","displayToPublicDate":"2008-08-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3010","title":"Geologic map of the Clark Peak quadrangle, Jackson and Larimer Counties, Colorado","docAbstract":"The Clark Peak quadrangle encompasses the southern end of the Medicine Bow Mountains and the northernmost end of the Mummy Range. The Continental Divide traverses the map area and Highway 14 cross the Divide at Cameron Pass, in the southeastern corner of the map. Approximately the eastern half of the map, and a few areas to the west, are underlain by Early Proterozoic plutonic and metamorphic rocks. Most of these basement rocks are part of the ~1,715 Ma Rawah batholith, composed mostly of pinkish, massive to moderately foliated monzogranite and granodiorite intruded by numerous, large pegmatite- aplite bodies. The metamorphic rocks, many of which form large inclusions in the granitic rocks of the Rawah batholith, include biotite-hornblende gneiss, hornblende gneiss, amphibolite, and biotite schist. The crystalline basement rocks are thrust westward along the Medicine Bow thrust over a sequence of sedimentary rocks as old as the Upper Permian Satanka Shale. The Satanka Shale, Middle and Lower Triassic Chugwater group, and a thin sandstone tentatively correlated with the Lower Jurassic and Upper Triassic Jelm Formation are combined as one map unit. This undivided unit is overlain sequentially upward by the Upper Jurassic Sundance Formation, Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, Lower Cretaceous Dakota Group, Upper and Lower Cretaceous Benton Group, Upper Cretaceous Niobrara Formation, and the Eocene and Paleocene Coalmont Formation. The Late Cretaceous to early Eocene Medicine Bow thrust is folded in places, and several back thrusts produced a complicated thrust pattern in the south part of the map. Early Oligocene magmatism produced rhyolite tuff, dacite and basalt flows, and intermediate dikes and small stocks. A 40Ar/39Ar date on sanidine from one rhyolite tuff is ~28.5 Ma; a similar whole-rock date on a trachybasalt is ~29.6 Ma. A very coarse, unsorted probably pre-Quaternary ridge-top diamicton crops out in the southern part of the quadrangle. Numerous glacial deposits (mostly of Pinedale age), rock glaciers, block-slope deposits, landslide deposits, talus deposits, fan deposits, colluvium, and alluvium comprise the surficial deposits of the map area.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim3010","usgsCitation":"Kellogg, K., Ruleman, C., Shroba, R.R., and Braddock, W.A., 2008, Geologic map of the Clark Peak quadrangle, Jackson and Larimer Counties, Colorado (Version 2.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3010, 1 Plate: 44.00 × 36.00 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3010.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 44.00 × 36.00 inches; Downloads Directory","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124656,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3010.jpg"},{"id":398770,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_92504.htm"},{"id":11660,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3010/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Jackson County, Larimer County","otherGeospatial":"Clark Peak quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106,\n              40.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.875,\n              40.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.875,\n              40.625\n            ],\n            [\n              -106,\n              40.625\n            ],\n            [\n              -106,\n              40.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 2.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683bce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kellogg, Karl S.","contributorId":89896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kellogg","given":"Karl S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruleman, Chester A.","contributorId":41533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruleman","given":"Chester A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shroba, Ralph R. 0000-0002-2664-1813 rshroba@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2664-1813","contributorId":1266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shroba","given":"Ralph","email":"rshroba@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Braddock, William A.","contributorId":61010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braddock","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":86096,"text":"sim3031 - 2008 - Water-level altitudes 2008 and water-level changes in the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper Aquifers and compaction 1973-2007 in the Chicot and Evangeline Aquifers, Houston-Galveston Region, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-18T12:41:36.774824","indexId":"sim3031","displayToPublicDate":"2008-08-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3031","title":"Water-level altitudes 2008 and water-level changes in the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper Aquifers and compaction 1973-2007 in the Chicot and Evangeline Aquifers, Houston-Galveston Region, Texas","docAbstract":"<p>This report, done in cooperation with the Harris-Galveston Subsidence District, the City of Houston, the Fort Bend Subsidence District, and the Lone Star Groundwater Conservation District, is one in an annual series of reports that depicts water-level altitudes and water-level changes in the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper aquifers, and compaction in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers in the Houston-Galveston region, Texas. The report contains 17 sheets and 16 tables: 3 sheets are maps showing current-year (2008) water-level altitudes for each aquifer, respectively; 3 sheets are maps showing 1-year (2007-08) water-level changes for each aquifer, respectively; 3 sheets are maps showing 5-year (2003-08) water-level changes for each aquifer, respectively; 4 sheets are maps showing long-term (1990-2008 and 1977-2008) water-level changes for the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers, respectively; 1 sheet is a map showing long-term (2000-2008) water-level change for the Jasper aquifer; 1 sheet is a revision of a previously published water-level-altitude map for the Jasper aquifer for 2003; 1 sheet is a map showing site locations of borehole extensometers; and 1 sheet comprises graphs showing measured compaction of subsurface material at the sites from 1973 or later through 2007, respectively. Tables listing the data used to construct the aquifer-data maps and the compaction graphs are included.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3031","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Harris-Galveston Subsidence District, City of Houston, Fort Bend Subsidence District, and Lone Star Groundwater Conservation District","usgsCitation":"Kasmarek, M.C., and Houston, N.A., 2008, Water-level altitudes 2008 and water-level changes in the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper Aquifers and compaction 1973-2007 in the Chicot and Evangeline Aquifers, Houston-Galveston Region, Texas (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3031, Report: iv, 4 p.; 17 Sheets: 17 x 22 inches; Tables; Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3031.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 4 p.; 17 Sheets: 17 x 22 inches; Tables; Appendixes","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1973-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":403877,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3031/3031-app.html","text":"Appendixes","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":403876,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3031/3031-maps.html","text":"Maps","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":11658,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3031/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195076,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3031.PNG"},{"id":403880,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_84157.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":403879,"rank":7,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3031/versionHist.txt","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":403875,"rank":4,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3031/3031-tables.html","text":"Tables","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":403874,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3031/pdf/sim3031.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Galveston, Houston","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.3505859375,\n              29.554345125748267\n            ],\n            [\n    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mckasmar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2808-2506","contributorId":1968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kasmarek","given":"Mark","email":"mckasmar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Houston, Natalie A. 0000-0002-6071-4545 nhouston@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6071-4545","contributorId":1682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houston","given":"Natalie","email":"nhouston@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":86093,"text":"sir20085084 - 2008 - Alternative Regression Equations for Estimation of Annual Peak-Streamflow Frequency for Undeveloped Watersheds in Texas using PRESS Minimization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-24T15:05:16","indexId":"sir20085084","displayToPublicDate":"2008-08-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5084","title":"Alternative Regression Equations for Estimation of Annual Peak-Streamflow Frequency for Undeveloped Watersheds in Texas using PRESS Minimization","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Texas Department of Transportation and in partnership with Texas Tech University, investigated a refinement of the regional regression method and developed alternative equations for estimation of peak-streamflow frequency for undeveloped watersheds in Texas. A common model for estimation of peak-streamflow frequency is based on the regional regression method. The current (2008) regional regression equations for 11 regions of Texas are based on log10 transformations of all regression variables (drainage area, main-channel slope, and watershed shape). Exclusive use of log10-transformation does not fully linearize the relations between the variables. As a result, some systematic bias remains in the current equations. The bias results in overestimation of peak streamflow for both the smallest and largest watersheds. The bias increases with increasing recurrence interval. The primary source of the bias is the discernible curvilinear relation in log10 space between peak streamflow and drainage area. Bias is demonstrated by selected residual plots with superimposed LOWESS trend lines. To address the bias, a statistical framework based on minimization of the PRESS statistic through power transformation of drainage area is described and implemented, and the resulting regression equations are reported. Compared to log10-exclusive equations, the equations derived from PRESS minimization have PRESS statistics and residual standard errors less than the log10 exclusive equations. Selected residual plots for the PRESS-minimized equations are presented to demonstrate that systematic bias in regional regression equations for peak-streamflow frequency estimation in Texas can be reduced. Because the overall error is similar to the error associated with previous equations and because the bias is reduced, the PRESS-minimized equations reported here provide alternative equations for peak-streamflow frequency estimation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20085084","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Texas Department of Transportation and in partnership with Texas Tech University","usgsCitation":"Asquith, W.H., and Thompson, D.B., 2008, Alternative Regression Equations for Estimation of Annual Peak-Streamflow Frequency for Undeveloped Watersheds in Texas using PRESS Minimization (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5084, iv, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085084.","productDescription":"iv, 40 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124865,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2008_5084.jpg"},{"id":327667,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5084/pdf/sir2008-5084.pdf","size":"11.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":11650,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5084/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adde4b07f02db686aac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Asquith, William H. 0000-0002-7400-1861 wasquith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7400-1861","contributorId":1007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asquith","given":"William","email":"wasquith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, David B.","contributorId":79954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":86095,"text":"ofr20071254 - 2008 - Assessment of Effectiveness and Limitations of Habitat Suitability Models for Wetland Restoration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:16","indexId":"ofr20071254","displayToPublicDate":"2008-08-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1254","title":"Assessment of Effectiveness and Limitations of Habitat Suitability Models for Wetland Restoration","docAbstract":"Habitat suitability index (HSI) models developed for wildlife in the Louisiana Coastal Area Comprehensive Ecosystem Restoration Plan (LCA study) have been assessed for parameter and overall model quality. The success of the suitability models from the South Florida Water Management District for The Everglades restoration project and from the Spatially Explicit Species Index Models (SESI) of the Across Trophic Level System Simulation (ATLSS) Program of Florida warranted investigation with possible application of modeling theory to the current LCA study. General HSI models developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service were also investigated. This report presents examinations of theoretical formulae and comparisons of the models, performed by using diverse hypothetical settings of hydrological/biological ecosystems to highlight weaknesses as well as strengths among the models, limited to the American alligator and selected wading bird species (great blue heron, great egret, and white ibis). Recommendations were made for the LCA study based on these assessments. An enhanced HSI model for the LCA study is proposed for the American alligator, and a new HSI model for wading birds is introduced for the LCA study. Performance comparisons of the proposed models with the other suitability models are made by using the aforementioned hypothetical settings.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071254","usgsCitation":"Draugelis-Dale, R.O., 2008, Assessment of Effectiveness and Limitations of Habitat Suitability Models for Wetland Restoration (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1254, x, 136 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071254.","productDescription":"x, 136 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190501,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11653,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1254/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672985","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Draugelis-Dale, Rassa O. 0000-0001-8532-3287 daler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8532-3287","contributorId":20422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Draugelis-Dale","given":"Rassa","email":"daler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":86094,"text":"ofr20081238 - 2008 - Quantifying and Qualifying USGS ShakeMap Uncertainty","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:16","indexId":"ofr20081238","displayToPublicDate":"2008-08-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1238","title":"Quantifying and Qualifying USGS ShakeMap Uncertainty","docAbstract":"We describe algorithms for quantifying and qualifying uncertainties associated with USGS ShakeMap ground motions. The uncertainty values computed consist of latitude/longitude grid-based multiplicative factors that scale the standard deviation associated with the ground motion prediction equation (GMPE) used within the ShakeMap algorithm for estimating ground motions. The resulting grid-based 'uncertainty map' is essential for evaluation of losses derived using ShakeMaps as the hazard input. For ShakeMap, ground motion uncertainty at any point is dominated by two main factors: (i) the influence of any proximal ground motion observations, and (ii) the uncertainty of estimating ground motions from the GMPE, most notably, elevated uncertainty due to initial, unconstrained source rupture geometry. The uncertainty is highest for larger magnitude earthquakes when source finiteness is not yet constrained and, hence, the distance to rupture is also uncertain. In addition to a spatially-dependant, quantitative assessment, many users may prefer a simple, qualitative grading for the entire ShakeMap. We developed a grading scale that allows one to quickly gauge the appropriate level of confidence when using rapidly produced ShakeMaps as part of the post-earthquake decision-making process or for qualitative assessments of archived or historical earthquake ShakeMaps. We describe an uncertainty letter grading ('A' through 'F', for high to poor quality, respectively) based on the uncertainty map. A middle-range ('C') grade corresponds to a ShakeMap for a moderate-magnitude earthquake suitably represented with a point-source location. Lower grades 'D' and 'F' are assigned for larger events (M>6) where finite-source dimensions are not yet constrained. The addition of ground motion observations (or observed macroseismic intensities) reduces uncertainties over data-constrained portions of the map. Higher grades ('A' and 'B') correspond to ShakeMaps with constrained fault dimensions and numerous stations, depending on the density of station/data coverage. Due to these dependencies, the letter grade can change with subsequent ShakeMap revisions if more data are added or when finite-faulting dimensions are added. We emphasize that the greatest uncertainties are associated with unconstrained source dimensions for large earthquakes where the distance term in the GMPE is most uncertain; this uncertainty thus scales with magnitude (and consequently rupture dimension). Since this distance uncertainty produces potentially large uncertainties in ShakeMap ground-motion estimates, this factor dominates over compensating constraints for all but the most dense station distributions.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081238","usgsCitation":"Wald, D.J., Lin, K., and Quitoriano, V., 2008, Quantifying and Qualifying USGS ShakeMap Uncertainty (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1238, iii, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081238.","productDescription":"iii, 26 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190925,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11652,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1238/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4986e4b07f02db5aeb63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wald, David J. 0000-0002-1454-4514 wald@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"David","email":"wald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lin, Kuo-Wan","contributorId":38656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lin","given":"Kuo-Wan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Quitoriano, Vincent","contributorId":29514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quitoriano","given":"Vincent","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":86085,"text":"ofr20081189 - 2008 - Chemical and microbiological water quality of subsurface agricultural drains during a field trial of liquid dairy manure effluent application rate and varying tillage practices, Upper Tiffin Watershed, southeastern Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-09T15:33:45.288602","indexId":"ofr20081189","displayToPublicDate":"2008-08-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1189","title":"Chemical and microbiological water quality of subsurface agricultural drains during a field trial of liquid dairy manure effluent application rate and varying tillage practices, Upper Tiffin Watershed, southeastern Michigan","docAbstract":"<p>A field trial was done in the Upper Tiffin River Watershed, in southeastern Michigan, to determine the influence of liquid dairy manure effluent (LDME) management practices on the quality of agricultural subsurface-drain water. Samples from subsurface drains were analyzed for nutrients, fecal-coliform and <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) bacteria, antibiotics, chemicals typically detected in wastewater, and the occurrence of genes indicating the presence of shiga-toxin-producing <i>E. coli</i>, or of bovine-specific <i>Bacteroidetes</i> bacteria. Samples were collected from November 2, 2006, to March 20, 2007, from eight subsurface drains under field plots that received no LDME and no tillage (controls) or received 4,000 or 8,000 gallons per acre (gal/acre) of LDME and either no tillage or two different types of tillage. The two types of tillage tested were (1) ground-driven, rotary, subsurface cultivation and (2) rolling-tine aeration. Samples were collected before LDME application and at 4 hours, and 1, 2, 6, 7, and 14 days post-application. </p><p>Nutrient concentrations were high in subsurface-drain water throughout the field-trial period and could not be attributed to the field-trial LDME application. Of the 59 drain-water samples, including those collected before LDME application and control samples for each date, 56 had concentrations greater than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Ecoregion VI recommended surface-water criterion for total phosphorus, and all samples had concentrations greater than the recommended total nitrogen criterion. Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen concentration exceeded 20 milligrams per liter for every sample and contributed most to the total nitrogen concentrations. Substantial increases in drain-water concentrations of organic and ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus were found for all treatments, including controls, at 14 days post-application after 0.84 inch of rainfall over 2 days. </p><p><i>E. coli</i> concentrations exceeded the USEPA recreational-water-quality single-sample criterion of 235 colony forming units per 100 milliliters in only 3 of 56 samples. Of these three samples, two were collected within 1 day post-LDME application from the treatment receiving 8,000 gal/acre LDME with no tillage (NT8000). The third sample was from the rolling-tine aerator treatment with 4,000 gal/acre LDME application rate after the first significant rainfall. </p><p>Two wastewater chemicals and two bacterial genes (<i>eae</i>A and <i>stx</i>1) detected in the LDME, but absent in field blank or pre-application samples, were detected in the 4-hour or 1-day postapplication NT8000 samples. No LDME-associated chemicals were detected in later samples from the NT8000 treatment, and none were detected in samples from other treatments after the first significant rainfall. </p><p>Results of this field trial were somewhat equivocal with respect to the influence of LDME concentration and tillage practices on subsurface-drain water quality, both immediately after LDME application and in the longer term, after significant rainfall. Interpretation of study findings is limited by the fact that treatments were not replicated, and flow rate or discharge from the subsurface drains was not measured. Nevertheless, study results provide useful information about nutrient and bacteria concentrations in subsurface drains during the non-growing season. In addition, study results demonstrate some potential for the use of chemical and microbiological indicators of LDME transport to subsurface drains. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081189","collaboration":"In cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service and the Lenawee Conservation District","usgsCitation":"Haack, S., and Duris, J.W., 2008, Chemical and microbiological water quality of subsurface agricultural drains during a field trial of liquid dairy manure effluent application rate and varying tillage practices, Upper Tiffin Watershed, southeastern Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1189, v, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081189.","productDescription":"v, 38 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-11-02","temporalEnd":"2007-03-20","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science 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,{"id":86084,"text":"sir20085096 - 2008 - A regression model for computing index flows describing the median flow for the summer month of lowest flow in Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-06T11:03:59","indexId":"sir20085096","displayToPublicDate":"2008-08-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5096","title":"A regression model for computing index flows describing the median flow for the summer month of lowest flow in Michigan","docAbstract":"In 2006, Michigan enacted laws to prevent new large capacity withdrawals from decreasing flows to the extent that they would functionally impair a stream's ability to support characteristic fish populations. The median streamflow for the summer month of lowest flow was specified by state decision makers as the index flow on which likely impacts of withdrawals would be assessed. At sites near long-term streamflow-gaging stations, analysis of streamflow records during July, August, and September was used to determine the index flow. At ungaged sites, an alternate method for computing the index flow was needed. This report documents the development of a method for computing index flows at ungaged stream sites in Michigan. The method is based on a regression model that computes the index water yield, which is the index flow divided by the drainage area. To develop the regression model, index flows were determined on the basis of daily flows measured during July, August, and September at 147 streamflow-gaging stations having 10 or more years of record (considered long-term stations) in Michigan. The corresponding index water yields were statistically related to climatic and basin characteristics upstream from the stations in the regression model. Climatic and basin characteristics selected as explanatory variables in the regression model include two aquifer-transmissivity and hydrologic-soil groups, forest land cover, and normal annual precipitation. Regression model estimates of water yield explain about 70.8 percent of the variability in index water yields indicated by streamflow-gaging station records. Index flows computed on the basis of regression-model estimates of water yield and corresponding drainage areas explain about 94.0 percent of the variability in index flows indicated by streamflow-gaging station records. No regional bias was detected in the regression-based estimates of water yield within seven hydrologic subregions spanning Michigan. Thus, the single regression model developed in this report can be used to produce unbiased estimates of index water yield and flow statewide. In addition, a technique is presented for computing prediction intervals about the index flow estimates.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20085096","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality and the Michigan Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, D.A., Sorrell, R.C., and Holtschlag, D.J., 2008, A regression model for computing index flows describing the median flow for the summer month of lowest flow in Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5096, vii, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085096.","productDescription":"vii, 43 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science 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 \"}}]}\n","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4966e4b0b290850ef213","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, David A.","contributorId":102172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sorrell, Richard C.","contributorId":66965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorrell","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holtschlag, David J. 0000-0001-5185-4928 dholtschlag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-4928","contributorId":5447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holtschlag","given":"David","email":"dholtschlag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":86082,"text":"sir20085031 - 2008 - Environmental chemical data for perishable sediments and soils collected in New Orleans, Louisiana, and along the Louisiana Delta following Hurricanes Katrina and Rita, 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-17T16:13:58","indexId":"sir20085031","displayToPublicDate":"2008-08-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5031","title":"Environmental chemical data for perishable sediments and soils collected in New Orleans, Louisiana, and along the Louisiana Delta following Hurricanes Katrina and Rita, 2005","docAbstract":"In October 2005, nearly one month after Hurricanes Katrina and Rita, a team of scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey and the Missouri University of Science and Technology deployed to southern Louisiana to collect perishable environmental data resulting from the impacts of these storms. Perishable samples collected for this investigation are subject to destruction or ruin by removal, mixing, or natural decay; therefore, collection is time-critical following the depositional event.\n\nA total of 238 samples of sediment, soil, and vegetation were collected to characterize chemical quality. For this analysis, 157 of the 238 samples were used to characterize trace element, iron, total organic carbon, pesticide, and polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations of deposited sediment and associated shallow soils. In decreasing order, the largest variability in trace element concentration was detected for lead, vanadium, chromium, copper, arsenic, cadmium, and mercury. Lead was determined to be the trace element of most concern because of the large concentrations present in the samples ranging from 4.50 to 551 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg). Sequential extraction analysis of lead indicate that 39.1 percent of the total lead concentration in post-hurricane sediment is associated with the iron-manganese oxide fraction. This fraction is considered extremely mobile under reducing environmental conditions, thereby making lead a potential health hazard. The presence of lead in post-hurricane sediments likely is from redistribution of pre-hurricane contaminated soils and sediments from Lake Pontchartrain and the flood control canals of New Orleans. Arsenic concentrations ranged from 0.84 to 49.1 mg/kg. Although Arsenic concentrations generally were small and consistent with other research results, all samples exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Human Health Medium-Specific Screening Level of 0.39 mg/kg. Mercury concentrations ranged from 0.02 to 1.30 mg/kg. Comparing the mean mercury concentration present in post-hurricane samples with regional background data from the U.S. Geological Survey National Geochemical Dataset, indicates that mercury concentrations in post-hurricane sediment generally are larger. Sequential extraction analysis of 51 samples for arsenic indicate that 54.5 percent of the total arsenic concentration is contained in the extremely mobile iron-manganese oxide fraction. Pesticide and polychlorinated biphenyl Arochlor concentrations in post-hurricane samples were small. Prometon was the most frequently detected pesticide with concentrations ranging from 2.4 to 193 micrograms per kilogram (µg/kg). Methoxychlor was present in 22 samples with a concentration ranging from 3.5 to 3,510 µg/kg. Although methoxychlor had the largest detected pesticide concentration, it was well below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s High-Priority Screening Level for residential soils. Arochlor congeners were not detected for any sample above the minimum detection level of 7.9 µg/kg.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20085031","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Missouri University of Science and Technology","usgsCitation":"Witt, E.C., Shi, H., Karstensen, K.A., Wang, J., and Adams, C.D., 2008, Environmental chemical data for perishable sediments and soils collected in New Orleans, Louisiana, and along the Louisiana Delta following Hurricanes Katrina and Rita, 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5031, viii, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085031.","productDescription":"viii, 56 p.","temporalStart":"2005-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":383,"text":"Mid-Continent Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":11639,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5031/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195026,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2008_5031.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","city":"New Orleans","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98,22 ], [ -98,42 ], [ -78,42 ], [ -78,22 ], [ -98,22 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db6025ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Witt, Emitt C. III 0000-0002-1814-7807 ecwitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1814-7807","contributorId":1612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witt","given":"Emitt","suffix":"III","email":"ecwitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":404,"text":"NGTOC Rolla","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shi, Honglan","contributorId":26934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shi","given":"Honglan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Karstensen, Krista A. kkarstensen@usgs.gov","contributorId":286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karstensen","given":"Krista","email":"kkarstensen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wang, Jianmin","contributorId":33179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Jianmin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Adams, Craig D.","contributorId":33586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":86086,"text":"sir20085115 - 2008 - An aerial-photographic assessment of reenacted handcart treks on a section of the Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail, Fremont County, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-27T15:11:47","indexId":"sir20085115","displayToPublicDate":"2008-08-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5115","title":"An aerial-photographic assessment of reenacted handcart treks on a section of the Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail, Fremont County, Wyoming","docAbstract":"<p class=\"abstract\">Reenactments of historical pioneer emigrations have increased in popularity since the celebration of these events during the United States bicentennial in 1976. From 1999 to 2006, approximately 70,000 Mormon trekkers traveled the Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail (hereinafter referred to as the Trail) segment between Sixth Crossing and Rock Creek Hollow in Fremont County, Wyoming. Recent elevated levels of use have raised concerns over potential recreation-related damage to this particularly scenic segment of the Trail.</p>\n<p class=\"abstract\">In 2006, the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) contracted the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to conduct an aerial-photographic assessment of the condition of the Trail between Sixth Crossing and Rock Creek Hollow. Specifically, the USGS was to assess trail conditions for this segment as influenced by handcart use (low, medium, and high intensity of use) and concentrated activities associated with trekking (toilet, rest, and camp sites).</p>\n<p class=\"abstract\">Based on these results, there are identifiable management considerations. Toilet and rest sites need to be carefully located relative to where sensitive vegetation or soils occur. The analyses presented here indicate that limiting motorized vehicle use needs to be a priority over that of adjusting the number of trekkers. Additionally, monitoring of the Trail from Sixth Crossing to Rock Creek Hollow segment needs to consider explicit management targets, such as minimum acceptable levels of bare ground or trail width, and the establishment of permanent monitoring plots to evaluate targets and measure responses to altered management activities.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085115","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"McDougal, R., Waltermire, R.G., Aldridge, C.L., Germaine, S., Nielsen, S.E., Nielsen, C.C., Hanson, L., and Bowen, Z.H., 2008, An aerial-photographic assessment of reenacted handcart treks on a section of the Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail, Fremont County, Wyoming (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5115, vi, 70 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085115.","productDescription":"vi, 70 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121151,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2008_5115.jpg"},{"id":11643,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5115/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":301055,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5115/pdf/SIR08-5115_508.pdf","text":"Report","size":"26.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111,41 ], [ -111,45 ], [ -104,45 ], [ -104,41 ], [ -111,41 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de646","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McDougal, Robert R.","contributorId":53418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDougal","given":"Robert R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waltermire, Robert G. waltermireb@usgs.gov","contributorId":2074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waltermire","given":"Robert","email":"waltermireb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aldridge, Cameron L. 0000-0003-3926-6941 aldridgec@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3926-6941","contributorId":191773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aldridge","given":"Cameron","email":"aldridgec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":296777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Germaine, Stephen S.","contributorId":40305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Germaine","given":"Stephen S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":296776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nielsen, Scott E.","contributorId":65190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nielsen, Charlene C.","contributorId":7792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"Charlene","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hanson, Leanne hansonl@usgs.gov","contributorId":3231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"Leanne","email":"hansonl@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bowen, Zachary H. 0000-0002-8656-1831 bowenz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8656-1831","contributorId":821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"Zachary","email":"bowenz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":86083,"text":"sir20085126 - 2008 - Estimating Flow-Duration and Low-Flow Frequency Statistics for Unregulated Streams in Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:26","indexId":"sir20085126","displayToPublicDate":"2008-08-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5126","title":"Estimating Flow-Duration and Low-Flow Frequency Statistics for Unregulated Streams in Oregon","docAbstract":"Flow statistical datasets, basin-characteristic datasets, and regression equations were developed to provide decision makers with surface-water information needed for activities such as water-quality regulation, water-rights adjudication, biological habitat assessment, infrastructure design, and water-supply planning and management. The flow statistics, which included annual and monthly period of record flow durations (5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, and 95th percent exceedances) and annual and monthly 7-day, 10-year (7Q10) and 7-day, 2-year (7Q2) low flows, were computed at 466 streamflow-gaging stations at sites with unregulated flow conditions throughout Oregon and adjacent areas of neighboring States. Regression equations, created from the flow statistics and basin characteristics of the stations, can be used to estimate flow statistics at ungaged stream sites in Oregon. The study area was divided into 10 regression modeling regions based on ecological, topographic, geologic, hydrologic, and climatic criteria. In total, 910 annual and monthly regression equations were created to predict the 7 flow statistics in the 10 regions. Equations to predict the five flow-duration exceedance percentages and the two low-flow frequency statistics were created with Ordinary Least Squares and Generalized Least Squares regression, respectively. The standard errors of estimate of the equations created to predict the 5th and 95th percent exceedances had medians of 42.4 and 64.4 percent, respectively. The standard errors of prediction of the equations created to predict the 7Q2 and 7Q10 low-flow statistics had medians of 51.7 and 61.2 percent, respectively.\r\n\r\nStandard errors for regression equations for sites in western Oregon were smaller than those in eastern Oregon partly because of a greater density of available streamflow-gaging stations in western Oregon than eastern Oregon. High-flow regression equations (such as the 5th and 10th percent exceedances) also generally were more accurate than the low-flow regression equations (such as the 95th percent exceedance and 7Q10 low-flow statistic).\r\n\r\nThe regression equations predict unregulated flow conditions in Oregon. Flow estimates need to be adjusted if they are used at ungaged sites that are regulated by reservoirs or affected by water-supply and agricultural withdrawals if actual flow conditions are of interest.\r\n\r\nThe regression equations are installed in the USGS StreamStats Web-based tool (http://water.usgs.gov/osw/streamstats/index.html, accessed July 16, 2008). StreamStats provides users with a set of annual and monthly flow-duration and low-flow frequency estimates for ungaged sites in Oregon in addition to the basin characteristics for the sites. Prediction intervals at the 90-percent confidence level also are automatically computed.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20085126","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Oregon Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Risley, J., Stonewall, A., and Haluska, T., 2008, Estimating Flow-Duration and Low-Flow Frequency Statistics for Unregulated Streams in Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5126, vi, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085126.","productDescription":"vi, 23 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195178,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11640,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5126/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -125,41.75 ], [ -125,46.5 ], [ -116,46.5 ], [ -116,41.75 ], [ -125,41.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686584","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Risley, John","contributorId":38128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risley","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stonewall, Adam J. 0000-0002-3277-8736 stonewal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3277-8736","contributorId":2699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stonewall","given":"Adam J.","email":"stonewal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":296764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haluska, Tana","contributorId":78035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haluska","given":"Tana","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":86090,"text":"sim2998 - 2008 - Geologic Map of the Abiquiu Quadrangle, Rio Arriba County, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:42","indexId":"sim2998","displayToPublicDate":"2008-08-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2998","title":"Geologic Map of the Abiquiu Quadrangle, Rio Arriba County, New Mexico","docAbstract":"The Abiquiu 1:24,000-scale quadrangle is located along the Colorado Plateau-Rio Grande rift margin in north-central New Mexico. The map area lies within the Abiquiu embayment, an early (pre-Miocene) extensional basin of the Rio Grande rift. Rocks exposed include continental Paleozoic and Mesozoic rocks of the Colorado Plateau and Cenozoic basin-fill deposits and volcanic rocks of the Rio Grande rift. Paleozoic units include the Late Pennsylvanian to Early Permian Cutler Group, undivided. Mesozoic units are Upper Triassic Chinle Group, undivided, middle Jurassic Entrada Sandstone, and Todilto Limestone Member of the Wanakah Formation. Mesozoic rocks are folded in some areas and overlain disconformably by Cenozoic rocks. Cenozoic sedimentary rocks are composed of the Eocene El Rito Formation, Oligocene Ritito Conglomerate, Oligocene-Miocene Abiquiu Formation, and Miocene Chama-El Rito and Ojo Caliente Sandstone Members of the Tesuque Formation of the Santa Fe Group. Volcanic rocks include the Lobato Basalt, the El Alto Basalt, and dacite of the Tschicoma Formation. Quaternary deposits consist of inset ancestral axial and tributary Rio Chama deposits and Holocene floodplain alluvium, fan and pediment alluvium, and landslide colluvium.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sim2998","usgsCitation":"Maldonado, F., 2008, Geologic Map of the Abiquiu Quadrangle, Rio Arriba County, New Mexico (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2998, Report: ii, 19 p.; Map Sheet: 49 x 33.5 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2998.","productDescription":"Report: ii, 19 p.; Map Sheet: 49 x 33.5 inches; Downloads Directory","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110784,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_84147.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"84147"},{"id":190818,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11647,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2998/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Polyconic","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.36749999999999,36.1175 ], [ -106.36749999999999,36.25 ], [ -106.25,36.25 ], [ -106.25,36.1175 ], [ -106.36749999999999,36.1175 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a9089","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maldonado, Florian fmaldona@usgs.gov","contributorId":805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maldonado","given":"Florian","email":"fmaldona@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":296800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":86088,"text":"ofr20081019 - 2008 - Preliminary analytical results for a mud sample collected from the LUSI Mud Volcano, Sidoarjo, East Java, Indonesia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-26T15:47:23","indexId":"ofr20081019","displayToPublicDate":"2008-08-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1019","title":"Preliminary analytical results for a mud sample collected from the LUSI Mud Volcano, Sidoarjo, East Java, Indonesia","docAbstract":"On May 29, 2006, mud and gases began erupting unexpectedly from a vent 150 meters away from a hydrocarbon exploration well near Sidoarjo, East Java, Indonesia. The eruption, called the LUSI (Lumpur 'mud'-Sidoarjo) mud volcano, has continued since then at rates as high as 160,000 m3 per day. At the request of the United States Department of State, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has been providing technical assistance to the Indonesian Government on the geological and geochemical aspects of the mud eruption. This report presents initial characterization results of a sample of the mud collected on September 22, 2007, as well as inerpretive findings based on the analytical results. The focus is on characteristics of the mud sample (including the solid and water components of the mud) that may be of potential environmental or human health concern. Characteristics that provide insights into the possible origins of the mud and its contained solids and waters have also been evaluated.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081019","usgsCitation":"Plumlee, G.S., Casadevall, T.J., Wibowo, H.T., Rosenbauer, R.J., Johnson, C.A., Breit, G.N., Lowers, H., Wolf, R.E., Hageman, P.L., Goldstein, H.L., Anthony, M.W., Berry, C.J., Fey, D.L., Meeker, G.P., and Morman, S.A., 2008, Preliminary analytical results for a mud sample collected from the LUSI Mud Volcano, Sidoarjo, East Java, Indonesia (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1019, iii, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081019.","productDescription":"iii, 26 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-05-29","temporalEnd":"2007-09-22","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological 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,{"id":86089,"text":"ds339 - 2008 - A Compilation of Provisional Karst Geospatial Data for the Interior Low Plateaus Physiographic Region, Central United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:25","indexId":"ds339","displayToPublicDate":"2008-08-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"339","title":"A Compilation of Provisional Karst Geospatial Data for the Interior Low Plateaus Physiographic Region, Central United States","docAbstract":"Geospatial data needed to visualize and evaluate the hydrogeologic framework and distribution of karst features in the Interior Low Plateaus physiographic region of the central United States were compiled during 2004-2007 as part of the Ground-Water Resources Program Karst Hydrology Initiative (KHI) project. Because of the potential usefulness to environmental and water-resources regulators, private consultants, academic researchers, and others, the geospatial data files created during the KHI project are being made available to the public as a provisional regional karst dataset. To enhance accessibility and visualization, the geospatial data files have been compiled as ESRI ArcReader data folders and user interactive Published Map Files (.pmf files), all of which are catalogued by the boundaries of surface watersheds using U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) eight-digit hydrologic unit codes (HUC-8s). Specific karst features included in the dataset include mapped sinkhole locations, sinking (or disappearing) streams, internally drained catchments, karst springs inventoried in the USGS National Water Information System (NWIS) database, relic stream valleys, and karst flow paths obtained from results of previously reported water-tracer tests.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ds339","usgsCitation":"Taylor, C.J., and Nelson, H.L., 2008, A Compilation of Provisional Karst Geospatial Data for the Interior Low Plateaus Physiographic Region, Central United States: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 339, iv, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds339.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":327,"text":"Groundwater Resources Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":11646,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/339/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195529,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4950e4b0b290850ef0b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, Charles J.","contributorId":93100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, Hugh L. hlnelson@usgs.gov","contributorId":4158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Hugh","email":"hlnelson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":354,"text":"Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":86091,"text":"tm4D2 - 2008 - Field Techniques for Estimating Water Fluxes Between Surface Water and Ground Water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:29","indexId":"tm4D2","displayToPublicDate":"2008-08-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"4-D2","title":"Field Techniques for Estimating Water Fluxes Between Surface Water and Ground Water","docAbstract":"This report focuses on measuring the flow of water across the interface between surface water and ground water, rather than the hydrogeological or geochemical processes that occur at or near this interface. The methods, however, that use hydrogeological and geochemical evidence to quantify water fluxes are described herein. This material is presented as a guide for those who have to examine the interaction of surface water and ground water. The intent here is that both the overview of the many available methods and the in-depth presentation of specific methods will enable the reader to choose those study approaches that will best meet the requirements of the environments and processes they are investigating, as well as to recognize the merits of using more than one approach.\r\n      This report is designed to make the reader aware of the breadth of approaches available for the study of the exchange between surface and ground water. To accomplish this, the report is divided into four chapters. Chapter 1 describes many well-documented approaches for defining the flow between surface and ground waters. Subsequent chapters provide an in-depth presentation of particular methods. Chapter 2 focuses on three of the most commonly used methods to either calculate or directly measure flow of water between surface-water bodies and the ground-water domain: (1) measurement of water levels in well networks in combination with measurement of water level in nearby surface water to determine water-level gradients and flow; (2) use of portable piezometers (wells) or hydraulic potentiomanometers to measure hydraulic gradients; and (3) use of seepage meters to measure flow directly. Chapter 3 focuses on describing the techniques involved in conducting water-tracer tests using fluorescent dyes, a method commonly used in the hydrogeologic investigation and characterization of karst aquifers, and in the study of water fluxes in karst terranes. Chapter 4 focuses on heat as a tracer in hydrological investigations of the near-surface environment.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/tm4D2","usgsCitation":"Rosenberry, D.O., and LaBaugh, J.W., 2008, Field Techniques for Estimating Water Fluxes Between Surface Water and Ground Water (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 4-D2, 135 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm4D2.","productDescription":"135 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124768,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm_4_d2.gif"},{"id":11648,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/04d02/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db6864c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenberry, Donald O. 0000-0003-0681-5641 rosenber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":1312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"Donald","email":"rosenber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LaBaugh, James W. 0000-0002-4112-2536 jlabaugh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4112-2536","contributorId":1311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaBaugh","given":"James","email":"jlabaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":86087,"text":"sir20075236 - 2008 - Evaluation of the Acoustic Doppler Velocity Meter for Computation of Discharge Records at Three Sites in Colorado, 2004-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:42","indexId":"sir20075236","displayToPublicDate":"2008-08-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5236","title":"Evaluation of the Acoustic Doppler Velocity Meter for Computation of Discharge Records at Three Sites in Colorado, 2004-2005","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Colorado Water Conservation Board, conducted a study in 2004-2005 at three sites in Colorado: Bear Creek at Morrison, Clear Creek near Empire, and Redlands Canal near Grand Junction. The study was done to evaluate acoustic Doppler velocity meter (ADVM) technology in different hydrologic settings that are characteristic of many Colorado streamflow-gaging sites. ADVMs have been tested and used extensively in many parts of the United States by USGS but not in Colorado where relatively small, shallow, clear, coarse-bed streams that ice up in the winter may affect the ADVM suitability.\r\n\r\nIn this study, ADVM instrumentation was successfully used and discharge computations compared favorably, generally within 5 to 10 percent, with conventional USGS stage/discharge methods at the three Colorado sites. However, two factors, encountered in this study, may adversely affect the use of ADVM technology in Colorado. First, for some streams, the depth required (about 1.5 feet for a side-looking instrument) cannot be met during low-flow periods of the year. Second, cold temperatures and freezing-thawing cycles can produce ice effects that could prevent collection of usable ADVM (and stage) data.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20075236","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Colorado Water Conservation Board","usgsCitation":"Stevens, M.R., Diaz, P., and Smits, D.E., 2008, Evaluation of the Acoustic Doppler Velocity Meter for Computation of Discharge Records at Three Sites in Colorado, 2004-2005 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5236, vi, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075236.","productDescription":"vi, 24 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190500,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11644,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5236/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109,37 ], [ -109,41 ], [ -103,41 ], [ -103,37 ], [ -109,37 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fa9c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stevens, Michael R. 0000-0002-9476-6335 mrsteven@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9476-6335","contributorId":769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"Michael","email":"mrsteven@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Diaz, Paul","contributorId":46631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diaz","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smits, Dennis E.","contributorId":16510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smits","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":86092,"text":"ofr20061169 - 2008 - Submarine Hydrogeological Data from Cape Cod National Seashore","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-16T14:35:26.745565","indexId":"ofr20061169","displayToPublicDate":"2008-08-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1169","title":"Submarine Hydrogeological Data from Cape Cod National Seashore","docAbstract":"In order to test hypotheses about ground water flow under and into estuaries and the Atlantic Ocean, geophysical surveys, geophysical probing, submarine ground-water sampling, and sediment coring were conducted by U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists at Cape Cod National Seashore (CCNS) in Massachusetts from 2004 through 2006. 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