{"pageNumber":"215","pageRowStart":"5350","pageSize":"25","recordCount":41062,"records":[{"id":70259595,"text":"70259595 - 2021 - Active virus-host interactions at sub-freezing temperatures in Arctic peat soil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-16T11:52:44.042031","indexId":"70259595","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-18T06:48:24","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5838,"text":"Microbiome","onlineIssn":"2049-2618","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Active virus-host interactions at sub-freezing temperatures in Arctic peat soil","docAbstract":"Background
Winter carbon loss in northern ecosystems is estimated to be greater than the average growing season carbon uptake and is primarily driven by microbial decomposers. Viruses modulate microbial carbon cycling via induced mortality and metabolic controls, but it is unknown whether viruses are active under winter conditions (anoxic and sub-freezing temperatures).
Results
We used stable isotope probing (SIP) targeted metagenomics to reveal the genomic potential of active soil microbial populations under simulated winter conditions, with an emphasis on viruses and virus-host dynamics. Arctic peat soils from the Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Research site in Alaska were incubated under sub-freezing anoxic conditions with H218O or natural abundance water for 184 and 370 days. We sequenced 23 SIP-metagenomes and measured carbon dioxide (CO2) efflux throughout the experiment. We identified 46 bacterial populations (spanning 9 phyla) and 243 viral populations that actively took up 18O in soil and respired CO2 throughout the incubation. Active bacterial populations represented only a small portion of the detected microbial community and were capable of fermentation and organic matter degradation. In contrast, active viral populations represented a large portion of the detected viral community and one third were linked to active bacterial populations. We identified 86 auxiliary metabolic genes and other environmentally relevant genes. The majority of these genes were carried by active viral populations and had diverse functions such as carbon utilization and scavenging that could provide their host with a fitness advantage for utilizing much-needed carbon sources or acquiring essential nutrients.
Conclusions
Overall, there was a stark difference in the identity and function of the active bacterial and viral community compared to the unlabeled community that would have been overlooked with a non-targeted standard metagenomic analysis. Our results illustrate that substantial active virus-host interactions occur in sub-freezing anoxic conditions and highlight viruses as a major community-structuring agent that likely modulates carbon loss in peat soils during winter, which may be pivotal for understanding the future fate of arctic soils' vast carbon stocks.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1186/s40168-021-01154-2","usgsCitation":"Trubl, G., Kimbrel, J.A., Liquet-Gonzalez, J., Nuccio, E.E., Weber, P.K., Pett-Ridge, J., Jansson, J.K., Waldrop, M., and Blazewicz, S., 2021, Active virus-host interactions at sub-freezing temperatures in Arctic peat soil: Microbiome, v. 9, 208, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-021-01154-2.","productDescription":"208, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-128011","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467223,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-021-01154-2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":462901,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trubl, Gareth","contributorId":345156,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trubl","given":"Gareth","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":82502,"text":"Lawrence Livermore National Labs","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":915862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kimbrel, Jeffrey A","contributorId":345157,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kimbrel","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":82502,"text":"Lawrence Livermore National Labs","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":915863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liquet-Gonzalez, Jose","contributorId":345158,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liquet-Gonzalez","given":"Jose","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":82502,"text":"Lawrence Livermore National Labs","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":915864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nuccio, Erin E.","contributorId":345159,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nuccio","given":"Erin","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":915865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Weber, Peter K.","contributorId":345160,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weber","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":915866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pett-Ridge, Jennifer","contributorId":254974,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pett-Ridge","given":"Jennifer","affiliations":[{"id":51376,"text":"Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore CA 94551","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":915867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jansson, Janet K.","contributorId":345161,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jansson","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":82503,"text":"Pacific Northwest National Labs","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":915868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Waldrop, Mark 0000-0003-1829-7140","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1829-7140","contributorId":216758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldrop","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":915869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Blazewicz, Steve 0000-0001-7517-1750","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7517-1750","contributorId":272100,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blazewicz","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13621,"text":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":915870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70226188,"text":"70226188 - 2021 - Understanding mast seeding for conservation and land management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-16T12:49:09.966096","indexId":"70226188","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-18T06:47:53","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3048,"text":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Understanding mast seeding for conservation and land management","docAbstract":"Masting, the intermittent and synchronous production of large seed crops, can have profound consequences for plant populations and the food webs that are built on their seeds. For centuries, people have recorded mast crops because of their importance in managing wildlife populations. In the past 30 years, we have begun to recognize the importance of masting in conserving and managing many other aspects of the environment: promoting the regeneration of forests following fire or other disturbance, conserving rare plants, conscientiously developing the use of edible seeds as non-timber forest products, coping with the consequences of extinctions on seed dispersal, reducing the impacts of plant invasions with biological control, suppressing zoonotic diseases and preventing depredation of endemic fauna. We summarize current instances and future possibilities of a broad set of applications of masting. By exploring in detail several case studies, we develop new perspectives on how solutions to pressing conservation and land management problems may benefit by better understanding the dynamics of seed production. A lesson common to these examples is that masting can be used to time management, and often, to do this effectively, we need models that explicitly forecast masting and the dynamics of seed-eating animals into the near-term future.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Royal Society","doi":"10.1098/rstb.2020.0383","usgsCitation":"Pearse, I.S., Wion, A., Gonzalez, A., and Pesendorfer, M.B., 2021, Understanding mast seeding for conservation and land management: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, v. 376, no. 1839, https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0383.","ipdsId":"IP-126922","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":450431,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8520776","text":"External Repository"},{"id":391735,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"376","issue":"1839","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pearse, Ian S. 0000-0001-7098-0495","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7098-0495","contributorId":216680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearse","given":"Ian","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":826820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wion, Andreas","contributorId":225092,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wion","given":"Andreas","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":826821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gonzalez, Angela","contributorId":268856,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gonzalez","given":"Angela","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":826822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pesendorfer, Mario B.","contributorId":201187,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pesendorfer","given":"Mario","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":826823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70237016,"text":"70237016 - 2021 - Potential for carbon and nitrogen sequestration by restoring tidal connectivity and enhancing soil surface elevations in denuded and degraded south Florida mangrove ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-06T15:35:42.308079","indexId":"70237016","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-15T13:28:05","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":12608,"text":"Geophysical Monograph Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"title":"Potential for carbon and nitrogen sequestration by restoring tidal connectivity and enhancing soil surface elevations in denuded and degraded south Florida mangrove ecosystems","docAbstract":"Mangroves are tidally dependent wetlands that are influenced often by alterations in hydrology associated with coastal developments that impact their distribution, health, and function. Alteration in frequency, depth, duration, and seasonality of tidal inundation can lead to changes in forest condition, although these stress-adapted ecosystems may persist for many years before succumbing to mortality. However, arresting this decline through hydrological restoration can significantly improve ecosystem condition and the provision of ecosystem services. Much of the mangrove resource on Marco Island, Florida, USA, is unhealthy if not already dead or dying due to soil structural shifts, permanent flooding, and peat compression resulting from road construction, tidal restriction, and delays in restoration actions. In order to determine the impact of restricted hydrology on these mangrove forests, we examined soil surface elevation change and soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) content along a degradation gradient and within a small-scale, community-driven restoration area. Using a space-for-time substitution approach, we found that the restoration of regular tidal inundation to Marco Island mangroves has the potential to increase C sequestration in surface soils alone from 0 to 360 g C/m 2 /yr (3.60 Mg C/ha/yr) and increase N sequestration from 0 to 24 g N/m2/yr (0.24 Mg N/ha/yr). Additional sequestration benefits would be realized with aboveground forest recovery. Successful mangrove restoration trials and small community-based projects such as those on Marco Island could serve as a model for larger efforts and empower stakeholders and policy makers to restore other wetlands and better manage coastal carbon.
","largerWorkTitle":"Wetland carbon and environmental management","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/9781119639305.ch7","usgsCitation":"Cormier, N., Krauss, K., Demopoulos, A., Jessen, B.J., McClain Counts, J., From, A., and Flynn, L.L., 2021, Potential for carbon and nitrogen sequestration by restoring tidal connectivity and enhancing soil surface elevations in denuded and degraded south Florida mangrove ecosystems, chap. of Wetland carbon and environmental management: Geophysical Monograph Series, p. 143-158, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119639305.ch7.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"143","endPage":"158","ipdsId":"IP-117700","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436156,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P929MIXP","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Soil surface elevation change and vertical accretion data to support the Fruit Farm Creek Mangrove Restoration Project (Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, Marco Island, Florida)"},{"id":407465,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Fruit Farm Creek, Marco Island, Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.69708251953125,\n 25.90972531442551\n ],\n [\n -81.66463851928711,\n 25.90972531442551\n ],\n [\n -81.66463851928711,\n 25.935971514362496\n ],\n [\n -81.69708251953125,\n 25.935971514362496\n ],\n [\n -81.69708251953125,\n 25.90972531442551\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-10-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Krauss, Ken W. 0000-0003-2195-0729 kraussk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-0729","contributorId":2017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krauss","given":"Ken","email":"kraussk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":854079,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhu, Zhiliang 0000-0002-6860-6936 zzhu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-6936","contributorId":150078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Zhiliang","email":"zzhu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5055,"text":"Land Change Science","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":505,"text":"Office of the AD Climate and Land-Use 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University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":853086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krauss, Ken 0000-0003-2195-0729","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-0729","contributorId":219804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krauss","given":"Ken","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":853087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Demopoulos, Amanda 0000-0003-2096-4694","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2096-4694","contributorId":222183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demopoulos","given":"Amanda","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":853088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jessen, Brita J.","contributorId":223476,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jessen","given":"Brita","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40719,"text":"Rookery Bay National Research Reserve","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":853089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McClain Counts, Jennifer 0000-0002-3383-5472","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3383-5472","contributorId":219233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McClain Counts","given":"Jennifer","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":853090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"From, Andrew 0000-0002-6543-2627","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6543-2627","contributorId":223021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"From","given":"Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":853091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Flynn, Laura L.","contributorId":297015,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Flynn","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":64277,"text":"Coastal Resources Group, Venice, Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":853092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70224272,"text":"70224272 - 2021 - Carbon fluxes and potential soil accumulation within Greater Everglades cypress and pine forested wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-14T17:37:42.02639","indexId":"70224272","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-15T11:36:26","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"20","title":"Carbon fluxes and potential soil accumulation within Greater Everglades cypress and pine forested wetlands","docAbstract":"In forested wetlands, accumulation of organic matter in soil is partly governed by carbon fluxes where photosynthesis, respiration, lateral advection of waterborne carbon, fire-derived carbon emissions, and methanogenesis are balanced by changes in stored carbon. Stored carbon can eventually accumulate as soil over time if net primary productivity exceeds biomass decomposition. For this study, potential soil accumulation was estimated based on four years of continuous daily carbon cycling data and a one-dimensional mass-balance model of landscape-atmospheric exchange for cypress and pine forested wetlands in the Greater Everglades of south Florida. The mass-balance model was driven by eddy-covariance estimates of vertical net ecosystem exchange of carbon dioxide and methane. Key findings include confirmation of a basic premise of the historic Everglades restoration project; specifically, more water either from rainfall or water management encourages soil carbon accumulation and thus conservation of soils that support biologic activity and ecosystem services. For example, an anomalous wet season for south Florida that flooded the forested wetlands through the traditional dry season was followed by the most productive year for photosynthetic carbon uptake and potential soil accumulation. On the other hand, methane emissions were enhanced by the anomalous wet season and extended flooding – which confirmed a complex tradeoff to consider if wetlands are managed for both soil conservation and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Potential soil accumulation rates were about 1.7, 2.8, and 18 millimeters per year at the Dwarf Cypress, Cypress Swamp, and Pine Upland ecosystems, assuming soil C density values of 0.07, 0.09, and 0.02 grams of carbon per cubic centimeter, respectively. For these values of soil C density, the accumulation rates are considered a “best-case” upper limit because the lateral export of carbon in the canals and creeks that drain the study area were assumed negligible.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetland carbon and environmental management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/9781119639305.ch20","usgsCitation":"Shoemaker, W.B., Anderson, F.E., Sirianni, M., and Daniels, A., 2021, Carbon fluxes and potential soil accumulation within Greater Everglades cypress and pine forested wetlands, chap. 20 of Wetland carbon and environmental management, p. 371-384, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119639305.ch20.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"371","endPage":"384","ipdsId":"IP-111043","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436158,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9GFKJCY","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Potential Accumulation of Soil Organic Matter from Carbon Cycling within Greater Everglades Cypress and Pine Forested Wetlands data"},{"id":394397,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Greater Everglades","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.1,\n 25.5\n ],\n [\n -80.5,\n 25.5\n ],\n [\n -80.5,\n 26\n ],\n [\n -81.1,\n 26\n ],\n [\n -81.1,\n 25.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-10-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Zhu, Zhiliang 0000-0002-6860-6936 zzhu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-6936","contributorId":150078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Zhiliang","email":"zzhu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5055,"text":"Land Change Science","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":505,"text":"Office of the AD Climate and Land-Use Change","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":823426,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krauss, Ken W. 0000-0003-2195-0729 kraussk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-0729","contributorId":2017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krauss","given":"Ken","email":"kraussk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":823425,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stagg, Camille L. 0000-0002-1125-7253 staggc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1125-7253","contributorId":4111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stagg","given":"Camille","email":"staggc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":830889,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Shoemaker, W. Barclay 0000-0002-7680-377X bshoemak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7680-377X","contributorId":215239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shoemaker","given":"W.","email":"bshoemak@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Barclay","affiliations":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":823423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Frank E. 0000-0002-1418-4678 fanders@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1418-4678","contributorId":2605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Frank","email":"fanders@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":830887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sirianni, Matt 0000-0002-6296-0002","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6296-0002","contributorId":265804,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sirianni","given":"Matt","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17770,"text":"FAU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":823424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Daniels, Andre 0000-0003-4172-2344 andre_daniels@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4172-2344","contributorId":4031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daniels","given":"Andre","email":"andre_daniels@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":830888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70220231,"text":"70220231 - 2021 - Modeling the impacts of hydrology and management on carbon balance at the Great Dismal Swamp, Virginia and North Carolina, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-07T17:39:52.92648","indexId":"70220231","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-15T11:34:26","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"21","title":"Modeling the impacts of hydrology and management on carbon balance at the Great Dismal Swamp, Virginia and North Carolina, USA","docAbstract":"The impact of drainage on the stability of peatland carbon sinks is well known; however, much less is understood regarding the way active management of the water-table affects carbon balance. In this study, we determined the carbon balance in the Great Dismal Swamp, a large, forested peatland in the southeastern USA, which has been drained for over two hundred years and is now being restored through hydrologic management. We modeled future net ecosystem carbon balance over 100 years (2012 to 2112) using in situ field observations paired with simulations of water-table depth. The three scenarios used in the model were baseline conditions, flooded/wet conditions, and drained/dry conditions, which represent a range of potential management actions and climate conditions at the Great Dismal Swamp. In the Baseline scenario, results show a carbon sink of 0.7 Tg, or an average annual rate of 0.23 Mg C/ha/yr. The Flooded/Wet scenario produced a net ecosystem carbon balance of 4.6 Tg C or an average annual rate of 1.06 Mg C/ha/yr. For the Drained/Dry scenario, under which no management was conducted, and typically dry conditions were assumed, the Great Dismal Swamp becomes a net carbon source at –2.07 Tg C or an average annual rate of –0.38 Mg C/ha/yr.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetland carbon and environmental management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/9781119639305.ch21","usgsCitation":"Sleeter, R., 2021, Modeling the impacts of hydrology and management on carbon balance at the Great Dismal Swamp, Virginia and North Carolina, USA, chap. 21 of Wetland carbon and environmental management, p. 385-402, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119639305.ch21.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"385","endPage":"402","ipdsId":"IP-119032","costCenters":[{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436160,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P970W305","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Model parameters and output of net ecosystem carbon balance for the Great Dismal Swamp, Virginia and North Carolina, USA"},{"id":396799,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Great Dismal Swamp","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.57058715820312,\n 36.42017738514984\n ],\n [\n -76.35223388671875,\n 36.42017738514984\n ],\n [\n -76.35223388671875,\n 36.79389010047562\n ],\n [\n -76.57058715820312,\n 36.79389010047562\n ],\n [\n -76.57058715820312,\n 36.42017738514984\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-10-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Krauss, Ken W. 0000-0003-2195-0729 kraussk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-0729","contributorId":2017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krauss","given":"Ken","email":"kraussk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":837369,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhu, Zhiliang 0000-0002-6860-6936 zzhu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-6936","contributorId":150078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Zhiliang","email":"zzhu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":505,"text":"Office of the AD Climate and Land-Use Change","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5055,"text":"Land Change Science","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":837370,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stagg, Camille L. 0000-0002-1125-7253 staggc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1125-7253","contributorId":4111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stagg","given":"Camille","email":"staggc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":837371,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Sleeter, Rachel 0000-0003-3477-0436 rsleeter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3477-0436","contributorId":666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sleeter","given":"Rachel","email":"rsleeter@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70225761,"text":"70225761 - 2021 - Land management strategies influence soil organic carbon stocks of prairie potholes of North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-10T13:44:12.062972","indexId":"70225761","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-15T07:40:51","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"14","title":"Land management strategies influence soil organic carbon stocks of prairie potholes of North America","docAbstract":"Soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks of Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) wetlands in the central plains of Canada and the United States are highly variable due to natural variation in biota, soils, climate, hydrology, and topography. Land-use history (cropland, grassland) and land-management practices (drainage, restoration) also affect SOC stocks. We conducted a region-wide assessment of wetland SOC stocks using data from the Canadian and US portions of the PPR under various management types. Natural wetlands with no disturbance history in the wetland basin or surrounding catchment had considerably greater average SOC stocks in the upper (0–15 cm) soil profile than wetlands surrounded by cropland. Hydrologically restored wetlands did not show significantly greater SOC stocks than drained wetlands, but wetlands surrounded by restored grasslands did have greater SOC stocks in the upper soil profile than those surrounded by croplands. Similarities among cropped and restored wetlands likely were due to insufficient time since restoration, as well as high variability attributable to several environmental factors within the region. We conclude that avoided loss of natural wetlands from drainage and avoided loss of native grasslands from cropping have the most benefit for preserving wetland SOC stocks. Robust PPR SOC models that incorporate multiple abiotic, biotic, and land-use factors are required to determine where and when restoration is most effective for SOC sequestration.
Despite contributing to healthy diets for billions of people, aquatic foods are often undervalued as a nutritional solution because their diversity is often reduced to the protein and energy value of a single food type (‘seafood’ or ‘fish’)1,2,3,4. Here we create a cohesive model that unites terrestrial foods with nearly 3,000 taxa of aquatic foods to understand the future impact of aquatic foods on human nutrition. We project two plausible futures to 2030: a baseline scenario with moderate growth in aquatic animal-source food (AASF) production, and a high-production scenario with a 15-million-tonne increased supply of AASFs over the business-as-usual scenario in 2030, driven largely by investment and innovation in aquaculture production. By comparing changes in AASF consumption between the scenarios, we elucidate geographic and demographic vulnerabilities and estimate health impacts from diet-related causes. Globally, we find that a high-production scenario will decrease AASF prices by 26% and increase their consumption, thereby reducing the consumption of red and processed meats that can lead to diet-related non-communicable diseases5,6 while also preventing approximately 166 million cases of inadequate micronutrient intake. This finding provides a broad evidentiary basis for policy makers and development stakeholders to capitalize on the potential of aquatic foods to reduce food and nutrition insecurity and tackle malnutrition in all its forms.
Sulfate-driven anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) limits the release of methane from marine sediments and promotes the formation of carbonates close to the seafloor in seepage areas along continental margins. It has been established that hydrocarbon seeps are a source of methane, dissolved inorganic carbon, and dissolved organic carbon to marine environments. However, questions remain about the contribution of deep-sourced carbon from hydrocarbon seeps to the sedimentary organic carbon pool. In this study, we analyzed carbon quantity, radiocarbon content (as percent modern carbon, pMC), stable carbon isotopic compositions (as δ13C) of organic matter enclosed within seep carbonates from the Gulf of Mexico and the South China Sea to assess if sediment organic matter may be used as a proxy for methane seepage intensity. The δ13C values of organic matter (δ13Corg) exhibited a large range from −81.4‰ to −23.9‰. Radiocarbon contents of the carbonate-bound organic matter in seep carbonates ranged from 6% to 28% pMC, suggesting organic matter of the carbonates is a mixture of marine particulate organic matter (δ13C = −22‰ VPDB and 90% modern carbon) and biomass resulting from methane oxidation (assumed to have 0% modern carbon). Assuming constant productivity in the marine photic zone, it is proposed that seepage intensity and duration are the most important factors controlling the contribution of methane-derived carbon to the sedimentary column. This study reinforces the potential for using δ13C values of organic carbon to discern methane-rich environments in ancient sedimentary environments where authigenic carbonate is not present and to constrain the record of AOM through Earth history.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2021.120572","usgsCitation":"Feng, D., Pohlman, J., Peckmann, J., Sun, Y., Hu, Y., Roberts, H., and Chen, D., 2021, Contribution of deep-sourced carbon from hydrocarbon seeps to sedimentary organic carbon: Evidence from radiocarbon and stable isotope geochemistry: Chemical Geology, v. 585, 120572, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2021.120572.","productDescription":"120572, 8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-128798","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":450464,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2021.120572","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":391379,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"585","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Feng, Dong","contributorId":268310,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Feng","given":"Dong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":826345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pohlman, John 0000-0002-3563-4586","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3563-4586","contributorId":220804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pohlman","given":"John","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":826346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peckmann, Jorn","contributorId":268294,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peckmann","given":"Jorn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":55613,"text":"Institute for Geology, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability, Universität Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":826347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sun, Yuedong","contributorId":268295,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sun","given":"Yuedong","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":55616,"text":"Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":826348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hu, Yu","contributorId":268311,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hu","given":"Yu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":826349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Roberts, Harry","contributorId":268296,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roberts","given":"Harry","affiliations":[{"id":55617,"text":"Coastal Studies Institute, College of the Coastal and Environment, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":826350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Chen, Duofu","contributorId":268297,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chen","given":"Duofu","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":55618,"text":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hadal Science and Technology, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":826351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70227294,"text":"70227294 - 2021 - Developing climate resilience in aridlands using rock detention structures as green infrastructure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-07T12:46:30.447993","indexId":"70227294","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-13T06:40:28","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3504,"text":"Sustainability","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Developing climate resilience in aridlands using rock detention structures as green infrastructure","docAbstract":"The potential of ecological restoration and green infrastructure has been long suggested in the literature as adaptation strategies for a changing climate, with an emphasis on revegetation and, more recently, carbon sequestration and stormwater management. Tree planting and “natural” stormwater detention structures such as bioswales, stormwater detention basins, and sediment traps are popular approaches. However, the experimental verification of performance for these investments is scarce and does not address rock detention structures specifically. This 3-year study investigates the infiltration, peak flow mitigation, and microclimate performance of a natural wash stormwater retention installation using one-rock dams in an urban park in Phoenix, Arizona, USA. Field data collected during the study do not depict change in the hydrogeomorphology. However, hydrologic modeling, using data collected from the field, portrays decreases in peak flows and increases in infiltration at the treated sites. Additionally, we observe a lengthening of microclimate cooling effects following rainfall events, as compared with the untreated sites. In this urban arid land setting, the prospect that rock detention structures themselves could reduce warming or heat effects is promising.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/su132011268","usgsCitation":"Norman, L., Ruddell, B.L., Tosline, D., Fell, M., Greimann, B.P., and Cederberg, J., 2021, Developing climate resilience in aridlands using rock detention structures as green infrastructure: Sustainability, v. 13, no. 20, 11268, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/su132011268.","productDescription":"11268, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-127094","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":450469,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su132011268","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":394008,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.26904296874999,\n 32.46342595776104\n ],\n [\n -110.8245849609375,\n 32.46342595776104\n ],\n [\n -110.8245849609375,\n 34.492975402501536\n ],\n [\n -113.26904296874999,\n 34.492975402501536\n ],\n [\n -113.26904296874999,\n 32.46342595776104\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Norman, Laura M. 0000-0002-3696-8406","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3696-8406","contributorId":203300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norman","given":"Laura M.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":830331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruddell, Benjamin L.","contributorId":270996,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruddell","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":49567,"text":"Northern Arizona University, Professor","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":830332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tosline, Deborah","contributorId":247510,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tosline","given":"Deborah","affiliations":[{"id":49564,"text":"Reclamation, Hydrologist / Program Manager","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":830333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fell, Michael","contributorId":270997,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fell","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12698,"text":"Northern Arizona University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":830334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Greimann, Blair P.","contributorId":247511,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Greimann","given":"Blair","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":49565,"text":"Reclamation, Hydraulic Engineer","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":830335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cederberg, Jay 0000-0001-6649-7353","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6649-7353","contributorId":219724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cederberg","given":"Jay","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":830336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70225565,"text":"70225565 - 2021 - A new approach to evaluate and reduce uncertainty of model-based biodiversity projections for conservation policy formulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-21T16:59:14.411812","indexId":"70225565","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-13T05:46:29","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":997,"text":"BioScience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new approach to evaluate and reduce uncertainty of model-based biodiversity projections for conservation policy formulation","docAbstract":"Biodiversity projections with uncertainty estimates under different climate, land-use, and policy scenarios are essential to setting and achieving international targets to mitigate biodiversity loss. Evaluating and improving biodiversity predictions to better inform policy decisions remains a central conservation goal and challenge. A comprehensive strategy to evaluate and reduce uncertainty of model outputs against observed measurements and multiple models would help to produce more robust biodiversity predictions. We propose an approach that integrates biodiversity models and emerging remote sensing and in-situ data streams to evaluate and reduce uncertainty with the goal of improving policy-relevant biodiversity predictions. In this article, we describe a multivariate approach to directly and indirectly evaluate and constrain model uncertainty, demonstrate a proof of concept of this approach, embed the concept within the broader context of model evaluation and scenario analysis for conservation policy, and highlight lessons from other modeling communities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/biosci/biab094","usgsCitation":"Myers, B., Weiskopf, S.R., Shiklomanov, A.N., Ferrier, S., Weng, E., Casey, K.A., Harfoot, M., Jackson, S., Leidner, A.K., Lenton, T.M., Luikart, G., Matsuda, H., Pettorelli, N., Rosa, I.M., Ruane, A.C., Senay, G.B., Serbin, S.P., Tittensor, D.P., and Beard, 2021, A new approach to evaluate and reduce uncertainty of model-based biodiversity projections for conservation policy formulation: BioScience, v. 71, no. 12, p. 1261-1273, https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biab094.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1261","endPage":"1273","ipdsId":"IP-101564","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":450474,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":825623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shiklomanov, Alexey N. 0000-0003-4022-5979","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4022-5979","contributorId":245541,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shiklomanov","given":"Alexey","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":49218,"text":"Boston University Department of Earth and Environment","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":825626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ferrier, Simon 0000-0001-7884-2388","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7884-2388","contributorId":245542,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ferrier","given":"Simon","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":49219,"text":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":825625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Weng, Ensheng 0000-0002-1858-4847","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1858-4847","contributorId":267936,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weng","given":"Ensheng","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":49221,"text":"NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":825627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Casey, Kimberly Ann 0000-0002-6115-7525","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6115-7525","contributorId":245548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casey","given":"Kimberly","email":"","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":498,"text":"Office of Land Remote Sensing (Geography)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":825628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Harfoot, Michael 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Biological Science, UM","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":825633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Matsuda, Hiroyuki 0000-0003-3580-8483","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3580-8483","contributorId":245547,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matsuda","given":"Hiroyuki","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":49222,"text":"Yokohama National University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":825634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Pettorelli, Nathalie","contributorId":197006,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pettorelli","given":"Nathalie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":825635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Rosa, Isabel M. D. 0000-0001-8257-1963","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8257-1963","contributorId":245544,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rosa","given":"Isabel","email":"","middleInitial":"M. D.","affiliations":[{"id":40802,"text":"German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":825636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Ruane, Alexander C. 0000-0002-5582-9217","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5582-9217","contributorId":245546,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruane","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":49221,"text":"NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":825637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Senay, Gabriel B. 0000-0002-8810-8539 senay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":3114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel","email":"senay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":825638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Serbin, Shawn P. 0000-0003-4136-8971","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4136-8971","contributorId":245545,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Serbin","given":"Shawn","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":49220,"text":"U.S. Department of Energy, Brookhaven National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":825639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Tittensor, Derek P. 0000-0002-9550-3123","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9550-3123","contributorId":245539,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tittensor","given":"Derek","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":49216,"text":"UN Environment World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Department of Biology, Dalhousie University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":825640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Beard, Jr. 0000-0003-2632-2350 dbeard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2632-2350","contributorId":169459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beard","suffix":"Jr.","email":"dbeard@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":825624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19}]}}
,{"id":70269698,"text":"70269698 - 2021 - Integrating satellite thermal imagery and global weather datasets for operational actual evapotranspiration mapping and drought early warning applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-01T13:59:56.951292","indexId":"70269698","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-12T08:55:52","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Integrating satellite thermal imagery and global weather datasets for operational actual evapotranspiration mapping and drought early warning applications","docAbstract":"The development and online access to an operational global actual evapotranspiration (ETa) is described. The global ETa is generated using the Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) model with inputs from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land surface temperature and gridded weather datasets. Global and regional ETa, as well as anomaly graphics and data, are posted at https://earlywarning.usgs.gov/fews at dekadal, monthly, and annual aggregation periods at 1 km spatial resolution since 2003. As part of the convergence of evidence, the Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) consults these products along with precipitation- and vegetation-derived products for drought monitoring and early warning applications to avert food insecurity crises around the world.
","conferenceTitle":"2021 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium IGARSS","conferenceDate":"July 11-16, 2021","conferenceLocation":"Brussels, Belgium","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS47720.2021.9553963","usgsCitation":"Senay, G.B., Bohms, S., Young, C., Holen, C.L., Mcelhone, M., Budde, M., and Rowland, J., 2021, Integrating satellite thermal imagery and global weather datasets for operational actual evapotranspiration mapping and drought early warning applications, 2021 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium IGARSS, v. 2021, Brussels, Belgium, July 11-16, 2021, p. 1769-1772, https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS47720.2021.9553963.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1769","endPage":"1772","ipdsId":"IP-126214","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":493338,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2021","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Senay, Gabriel B. 0000-0002-8810-8539 senay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":3114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel","email":"senay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":944469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bohms, Stefanie 0000-0002-2979-4655 sbohms@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2979-4655","contributorId":3148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohms","given":"Stefanie","email":"sbohms@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":944470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Young, Claudia 0000-0002-0859-7206 claudia.young.ctr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0859-7206","contributorId":192363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Claudia","email":"claudia.young.ctr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":944471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holen, Cheryl L. 0000-0003-2200-809X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2200-809X","contributorId":358915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holen","given":"Cheryl","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":944472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mcelhone, Maxwell Thomas 0000-0002-3473-733X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3473-733X","contributorId":358918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mcelhone","given":"Maxwell Thomas","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":944473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Budde, Michael 0000-0002-9098-2751 mbudde@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9098-2751","contributorId":166756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budde","given":"Michael","email":"mbudde@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":944474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rowland, James 0000-0003-4837-3511 rowland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4837-3511","contributorId":145846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowland","given":"James","email":"rowland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":944475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70226475,"text":"70226475 - 2021 - Disentangling stationary and dynamic estuarine fish habitat to inform conservation: Species-specific responses to physical habitat and water quality in San Francisco Estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-19T13:30:23.292742","indexId":"70226475","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-12T07:27:36","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2680,"text":"Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Disentangling stationary and dynamic estuarine fish habitat to inform conservation: Species-specific responses to physical habitat and water quality in San Francisco Estuary","docAbstract":"Estuaries represent critical aquatic habitat that connects surface water distributed between Earth’s landmasses and oceans. They are dynamic transitional ecosystems, which provide important habitat for fishes and other aquatic organisms. Effective conservation of species inhabiting estuaries requires knowledge of the habitat features that drive their abundance and distribution. We sought to elucidate how stationary (i.e., wetlands, shoals, and channels) and dynamic (i.e., salinity, temperature, turbidity, and chlorophyll concentration) habitat features interact to drive distributions of individual fish species. The Pacific coast of the conterminous United States has over 400 estuaries of various types. The largest (historical surface area) is San Francisco Estuary, California. We conducted extensive field observations of fishes in the central San Francisco Estuary among stationary habitat types (i.e., wetland, shoal, and channel) over a 19-month period encompassing substantial variability in dynamic water quality conditions. Most of the species observed, especially native species of special management interest, were associated with tidal wetland habitat. Few species exhibited associations with water quality conditions driven by seasonal (temperature) or a combination of broad- and fine-scale ecosystem processes (salinity and turbidity). Our study provides (1) an empirical demonstration of how researchers can deal with the complex and dynamic expressions of habitat in estuarine systems to address urgent natural resource problems and (2) a clear demonstration of the urgent need for habitat restoration and its likely outcome in systems such as San Francisco Estuary. Restoration of suitable tidal wetland habitat on the West Coast of the United States is likely to be an effective conservation tool to support estuarine fishes given that over 90% of historical tidal wetland habitat in San Francisco Estuary and 85% of vegetated wetland habitat along the Pacific coast of the United States has been lost due to human modification.
Adult “silver-phase” American Eels Anguilla rostrata were a focus of commercial fisheries in the 1970s and 1980s, but stocks have been depleted due to many anthropogenic factors. One significant source of mortality occurs during the downstream migration of eels when passing through turbines at hydroelectric facilities. We sought to construct a model to predict eel migration timing to inform optimization of mitigation actions that might reduce mortality. We utilized commercial catch collected from 16 tributaries in the Penobscot River watershed, Maine (2–10 years), and the Delaware River, New York (31 years). A Bayesian hierarchical approach was used to model the relationship between the timing of silver eel capture and environmental conditions that are known to be related to their movements (i.e., river discharge, water temperature, and lunar cycle). Among river systems, daily catch was associated with higher-than-average flows, temperatures of 7–22°C, and new lunar phase cycles. A cross-validation approach to evaluate the ability of the models to make predictions for new data demonstrated a greater ability (higher R2 values) to predict weekly eel catch (0.01–0.92) compared to daily eel catch (0.00–0.42). In addition, we examined the model’s ability to forecast migration events by applying posterior simulations to make predictions of eel catch by ordinal date. Predicted daily eel catch generally followed the trend of observed daily catch and was stronger for the Delaware River (R2 = 0.67) than for Souadabscook Stream, Maine (R2 = 0.07). Sharp pulses in observed catch were not reflected by the predicted catch. Additionally, variability observed among rivers suggests that site-specific modeling may be advantageous (and necessary) to capture local conditions, thereby improving predictive power. More broadly, our work highlights a novel use of fishery-dependent data in a Bayesian modeling framework to predict intervals of risk for migrating fish.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/mcf2.10182","usgsCitation":"Weaver, D., Sigourney, D., Delucia, M., and Zydlewski, J.D., 2021, Characterizing downstream migration timing of American Eels using commercial catch data in the Penobscot and Delaware rivers: Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science, v. 13, no. 5, p. 534-547, https://doi.org/10.1002/mcf2.10182.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"534","endPage":"547","ipdsId":"IP-119530","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":481100,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mcf2.10182","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":480929,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine, New York","otherGeospatial":"Delaware River, Penobscot 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\"}}]}","volume":"13","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weaver, Daniel M.","contributorId":349624,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weaver","given":"Daniel M.","affiliations":[{"id":7063,"text":"University of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sigourney, Douglas B.","contributorId":349625,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sigourney","given":"Douglas B.","affiliations":[{"id":36803,"text":"NOAA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Delucia, Mari-Beth","contributorId":349627,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Delucia","given":"Mari-Beth","affiliations":[{"id":7041,"text":"The Nature Conservancy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zydlewski, Joseph D. 0000-0002-2255-2303 jzydlewski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2255-2303","contributorId":2004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zydlewski","given":"Joseph","email":"jzydlewski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":924523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70225746,"text":"70225746 - 2021 - Earthquake magnitude distributions on northern Caribbean faults from combinatorial optimization models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-09T14:33:40.970249","indexId":"70225746","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-11T08:25:18","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7501,"text":"JGR Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquake magnitude distributions on northern Caribbean faults from combinatorial optimization models","docAbstract":"On-fault earthquake magnitude distributions are calculated for northern Caribbean faults using estimates of fault slip and regional seismicity parameters. Integer programming, a combinatorial optimization method, is used to determine the optimal spatial arrangement of earthquakes sampled from a truncated Gutenberg-Richter distribution that minimizes the global misfit in slip rates on a complex fault system. Slip rates and their uncertainty on major faults are derived from a previously published GPS block model for the region, with fault traces determined from offshore geophysical mapping and previously published onshore studies. The optimal spatial arrangement of the sampled earthquakes is compared with the 500-year history of earthquake observations. Rupture segmentation of the subduction interface along the Hispaniola-Puerto Rico Trench (PRT) fault and seismic coupling on the PRT fault appear to exert the primary control over this spatial arrangement. Introducing a rupture barrier for the Hispaniola-PRT fault northwest of Mona Passage, based on geophysical and seismicity observations, and assigning a low slip rate of 2 mm/yr on the PRT fault are most consistent with historical earthquakes in the region. The addition of low slip-rate secondary faults as well as segmentation of the Hispaniola and Septentrional strike-slip fault improves the consistency with historical seismicity. An important observation from the modeling is that varying the slip rate on the PRT fault and different segmentation scenarios result in significant changes to the optimal magnitude distribution on faults farther away. In general, optimal on-fault magnitude distributions are more complex and inter-dependent than is typically assumed in probabilistic seismic hazard analysis and probabilistic tsunami hazard analysis.
The Long Valley Caldera, located at the eastern edge of the Sierra Nevada range in California, has been in a state of unrest since the late 1970s. Seismic, gravity and geodetic data strongly suggest that the source of unrest is an intrusion beneath the caldera resurgent dome. However, it is not clear yet if the main contribution to the deformation comes from pulses of ascending high-pressure hydrothermal fluids or low viscosity magmatic melts. To characterize the nature of the intrusion, we developed a 3D finite element model which includes topography and crust heterogeneities. We first performed joint numerical inversions of uplift and Electronic Distance Measurement baseline length change data, collected during the period 1985–1999, to infer the deformation-source size, position, and overpressure. Successively, we used this information to refine the source overpressure estimation, compute the gravity potential and infer the intrusion density from the inversion of deformation and gravity data collected in 1982–1998. The deformation source is located beneath the resurgent dome, at a depth of 7.5 ± 0.5 km and a volume change of 0.21 ± 0.04 km3. We assumed a rhyolite compressibility of 0.026 ± 0.0011 GPa−1 (volume fraction of water between 0% and 30%) and estimated a reservoir compressibility of 0.147 ± 0.037 GPa−1. We obtained a density of 1856 ± 72 kg/m3. This density is consistent with a rhyolite melt, with 20% to 30% of dissolved hydrothermal fluids.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/rs13204054","usgsCitation":"Pulvirenti, F., Silverii, F., and Battaglia, M., 2021, A new analysis of caldera unrest through the integration of geophysical data and FEM modeling: The Long Valley caldera case study: Remote Sensing, v. 13, no. 20, 4054, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13204054.","productDescription":"4054, 24 p.","ipdsId":"IP-131938","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":450490,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13204054","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":394449,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Long Valley caldera","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.41589355468749,\n 37.16469418870222\n ],\n [\n -118.125,\n 37.16469418870222\n ],\n [\n -118.125,\n 38.47509432050245\n ],\n [\n -119.41589355468749,\n 38.47509432050245\n ],\n [\n -119.41589355468749,\n 37.16469418870222\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-10-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pulvirenti, Fabio","contributorId":241094,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pulvirenti","given":"Fabio","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48203,"text":"JPL/Caltech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":831032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Silverii, Francesca","contributorId":261713,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Silverii","given":"Francesca","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39558,"text":"Scripps Inst. Oceanography","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":831033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Battaglia, Maurizio 0000-0003-4726-5287 mbattaglia@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4726-5287","contributorId":204742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglia","given":"Maurizio","email":"mbattaglia@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70267300,"text":"70267300 - 2021 - Differential landscape use by forest owls two years after a mixed-severity wildfire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-20T16:45:11.657817","indexId":"70267300","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differential landscape use by forest owls two years after a mixed-severity wildfire","docAbstract":"Owls are important avian predators in forested systems, but little is known about landscape use by most forest-adapted owl species in environments impacted by mixed-severity wildfire. To better understand species-specific patterns of post-wildfire landscape use within an owl guild, we used passive acoustic monitoring using autonomous recording units. The technology is effective for multi-species surveys, especially if some species are rare, nocturnal, or difficult to detect by traditional means. In 2017, we surveyed the interior and adjacent unburned areas of a 10,700-ha mixed-severity wildfire that burned in 2015 in southwest Oregon. We used occupancy modeling to identify patterns of landscape use by five species of forest owls: barred owls (Strix varia), great horned owls (Bubo virginianus), western screech-owls (Megascops kennicottii), northern pygmy-owls (Glaucidium gnoma), and northern saw-whet owls (Aegolius acadicus). Our results showed a positive relationship between increasing fire severity and probability of use by western screech-owls and a similar but somewhat weaker relationship for northern pygmy-owls. Barred owls were rarely detected in severely burned areas and their use decreased with increased fire severity. We observed generally low landscape use for great horned owls, which decreased with increased fire severity and at higher elevations. Thus, four out of the five species appeared to use recently burned forests at different levels, with only northern saw-whet owls showing near-complete avoidance of the burned area. These findings increase our understanding of the basic ecology of each species and highlight the varied use of burned areas within this community. These previously undocumented patterns of landscape use in burned landscapes should provide insights to managers and policymakers in the Pacific Northwest as climate shifts, and fires may increase in size, frequency, and severity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.3770","usgsCitation":"Leila S. Duchac, Lesmeister, D., Dugger, K., and Davis, R., 2021, Differential landscape use by forest owls two years after a mixed-severity wildfire: Ecosphere, v. 12, no. 10, e03770, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3770.","productDescription":"e03770, 20 p.","ipdsId":"IP-120447","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489751,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3770","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":486234,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Klamath Mountains, southwestern Cascade Range","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.15473942336051,\n 42.979349859959285\n ],\n [\n -123.15473942336051,\n 42.74219443185612\n ],\n [\n -122.70304770341082,\n 42.74219443185612\n ],\n [\n -122.70304770341082,\n 42.979349859959285\n ],\n [\n -123.15473942336051,\n 42.979349859959285\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-10-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leila S. Duchac","contributorId":355573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leila S. Duchac","affiliations":[{"id":56194,"text":"fs","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":937670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lesmeister, Damon B.","contributorId":355574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lesmeister","given":"Damon B.","affiliations":[{"id":56194,"text":"fs","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":937671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dugger, Katie M. 0000-0002-4148-246X cdugger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4148-246X","contributorId":4399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugger","given":"Katie","email":"cdugger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":937669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davis, Raymond J.","contributorId":355575,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"Raymond J.","affiliations":[{"id":56194,"text":"fs","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":937672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70227076,"text":"70227076 - 2021 - Patch utilization and flower visitations by wild bees in a honey bee-dominated, grassland landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-29T14:59:47.048174","indexId":"70227076","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-10T08:53:19","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Patch utilization and flower visitations by wild bees in a honey bee-dominated, grassland landscape","docAbstract":"Understanding habitat needs and patch utilization of wild and managed bees has been identified as a national research priority in the United States. We used occupancy models to investigate patterns of bee use across 1030 transects spanning a gradient of floral resource abundance and richness and distance from apiaries in the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of the United States. Estimates of transect use by honey bees were nearly 1.0 during our 3.5-month sampling period, suggesting honey bees were nearly ubiquitous across transects. Wild bees more frequently used transects with higher flower richness and more abundant flowers; however, the effect size of the native flower abundance covariate (![\"urn:x-wiley:20457758:media:ece38174:ece38174-math-0001\"](\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/asset/1136a98b-c839-4eb1-a29d-07123df8a57d/ece38174-math-0001.png\")
= 3.90 ± 0.65 [1SE]) was four times greater than the non-native flower covariate (![\"urn:x-wiley:20457758:media:ece38174:ece38174-math-0002\"](\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/asset/fc07a684-9303-4512-922d-def5f5d55032/ece38174-math-0002.png\")
= 0.99 ± 0.17). We found some evidence that wild bee use was lower at transects near commercial apiaries, but the effect size was imprecise (![\"urn:x-wiley:20457758:media:ece38174:ece38174-math-0003\"](\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/asset/2b3fddec-5b00-412a-86d8-66767b857b90/ece38174-math-0003.png\")
= 1.4 ± 0.81). Honey bees were more frequently detected during sampling events with more non-native flowers and higher species richness but showed an uncertain relationship with native flower abundance. Of the 4039 honey bee and flower interactions, 85% occurred on non-native flowers, while only 43% of the 738 wild bee observations occurred on non-native flowers. Our study suggests wild bees and honey bees routinely use the same resource patches in the PPR but often visit different flowering plants. The greatest potential for resource overlap between honey bees and wild bees appears to be for non-native flowers in the PPR. Our results are valuable to natural resource managers tasked with supporting habitat for managed and wild pollinators in agroecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.8174","usgsCitation":"Otto, C., Bailey, L., and Smart, A.H., 2021, Patch utilization and flower visitations by wild bees in a honey bee-dominated, grassland landscape: Ecology and Evolution, v. 11, no. 21, p. 14888-14904, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8174.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"14888","endPage":"14904","ipdsId":"IP-119699","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":450495,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8174","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":393582,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Prairie Potholes Region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.39404296875,\n 43.929549935614595\n ],\n [\n -95.11962890625,\n 44.213709909702054\n ],\n [\n -94.63623046875,\n 44.99588261816546\n ],\n [\n -95.86669921875,\n 46.58906908309182\n ],\n [\n -97.93212890625,\n 47.635783590864854\n ],\n [\n -100.61279296875,\n 48.45835188280866\n ],\n [\n -102.19482421875,\n 47.54687159892238\n ],\n [\n -101.1181640625,\n 47.5913464767971\n ],\n [\n -100.65673828125,\n 46.543749602738565\n ],\n [\n -100.37109375,\n 45.398449976304086\n ],\n [\n -98.50341796875,\n 43.8503744993026\n ],\n [\n -97.5146484375,\n 43.30919109985686\n ],\n [\n -96.48193359375,\n 43.628123412124616\n ],\n [\n -96.39404296875,\n 43.83452678223682\n ],\n [\n -96.39404296875,\n 43.929549935614595\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-10-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Otto, Clint 0000-0002-7582-3525 cotto@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7582-3525","contributorId":5426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otto","given":"Clint","email":"cotto@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":829531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bailey, Larissa L.","contributorId":229353,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bailey","given":"Larissa L.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":829532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smart, Autumn H. 0000-0003-0711-3035","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0711-3035","contributorId":228828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smart","given":"Autumn","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":829650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70249430,"text":"70249430 - 2021 - Impact of precipitation and increasing temperatures on drought trends in eastern Africa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-10T11:47:06.220865","indexId":"70249430","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-10T06:43:20","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":17049,"text":"Earth Systems Science Dynamics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impact of precipitation and increasing temperatures on drought trends in eastern Africa","docAbstract":"In eastern Africa droughts can cause crop failure and lead to food insecurity. With increasing temperatures, there is an a priori assumption that droughts are becoming more severe. However, the link between droughts and climate change is not sufficiently understood. Here we investigate trends in long-term agricultural drought and the influence of increasing temperatures and precipitation deficits.
Using a combination of models and observational datasets, we studied trends, spanning the period from 1900 (to approximate pre-industrial conditions) to 2018, for six regions in eastern Africa in four drought-related annually averaged variables: soil moisture, precipitation, temperature, and evaporative demand (E0). In standardized soil moisture data, we found no discernible trends. The strongest influence on soil moisture variability was from precipitation, especially in the drier or water-limited study regions; temperature and E0 did not demonstrate strong relations to soil moisture. However, the error margins on precipitation trend estimates are large and no clear trend is evident, whereas significant positive trends were observed in local temperatures. The trends in E0 are predominantly positive, but we do not find strong relations between E0 and soil moisture trends. Nevertheless, the E0 trend results can still be of interest for irrigation purposes because it is E0 that determines the maximum evaporation rate.
We conclude that until now the impact of increasing local temperatures on agricultural drought in eastern Africa is limited and we recommend that any soil moisture analysis be supplemented by an analysis of precipitation deficit.
","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/esd-12-17-2021","usgsCitation":"Kew, S.F., Philip, S.Y., Hauser, M., Hobbins, M., Wanders, N., Veldkamp, T., von Oldenburgh, G., van der Wiel, K., Veldkamp, T., Kimutai, J., Funk, C., and Otto, F., 2021, Impact of precipitation and increasing temperatures on drought trends in eastern Africa: Earth Systems Science Dynamics, v. 12, no. 1, p. 17-35, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-12-17-2021.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"35","ipdsId":"IP-119262","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":450499,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-12-17-2021","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":421805,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Eastern Africa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 29.667968750000483,\n 27.215556209028804\n ],\n [\n 29.667968750000483,\n -11.178401873712374\n ],\n [\n 53.04687500000094,\n -11.178401873712374\n ],\n [\n 53.04687500000094,\n 27.215556209028804\n ],\n [\n 29.667968750000483,\n 27.215556209028804\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-01-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kew, Sarah F.","contributorId":330669,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kew","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":16158,"text":"Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Philip, Sjoukje Y.","contributorId":330686,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Philip","given":"Sjoukje","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":78966,"text":"Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hauser, Mathias","contributorId":330687,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hauser","given":"Mathias","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":32389,"text":"Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hobbins, Michael","contributorId":127605,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hobbins","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7075,"text":"National Integrated Drought Information System, Boulder, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wanders, Niko","contributorId":330688,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wanders","given":"Niko","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78968,"text":"Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Veldkamp, Ted","contributorId":330689,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Veldkamp","given":"Ted","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78968,"text":"Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"von Oldenburgh, Gert","contributorId":330690,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"von Oldenburgh","given":"Gert","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78969,"text":"Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), De Bilt, The Netherlands","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"van der Wiel, Karin","contributorId":209883,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van der Wiel","given":"Karin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16158,"text":"Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Veldkamp, Ted I. E.","contributorId":330795,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Veldkamp","given":"Ted I. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":885889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kimutai, Joyce","contributorId":330796,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kimutai","given":"Joyce","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":885890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Funk, Chris 0000-0002-9254-6718 cfunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-6718","contributorId":167070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funk","given":"Chris","email":"cfunk@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":885598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Otto, Friederike","contributorId":330671,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Otto","given":"Friederike","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78958,"text":"Environmental Change Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70224986,"text":"70224986 - 2021 - Acute oral toxicity and tissue residues of saxitoxin in the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-23T13:18:52.258429","indexId":"70224986","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-09T07:35:32","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1878,"text":"Harmful Algae","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Acute oral toxicity and tissue residues of saxitoxin in the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos)","title":"Acute oral toxicity and tissue residues of saxitoxin in the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos)","docAbstract":"Since 2014, widespread, annual mortality events involving multiple species of seabirds have occurred in the Gulf of Alaska, Bering Sea, and Chukchi Sea. Among these die-offs, emaciation was a common finding with starvation often identified as the cause of death. However, saxitoxin (STX) was detected in many carcasses, indicating exposure of these seabirds to STX in the marine environment. Few data are available that describe the effects of STX in birds, thus presenting challenges for determining its contributions to specific mortality events. To address these knowledge gaps, we conducted an acute oral toxicity trial in mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), a common laboratory avian model, using an up-and-down method to estimate the median lethal dose (LD50) for STX. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we tested select tissues from all birds and feces from those individuals that survived initial dosing. Samples with an ELISA result that exceeded approximately 10 µg 100 g−1 STX and randomly selected ELISA negative samples were further tested by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Tissues collected from mallards were also examined grossly at necropsy and then later by microscopy to identify lesions attributable to STX. The estimated LD50 was 167 µg kg−1 (95% CI = 69–275 µg kg−1). Saxitoxin was detected in fecal samples of all mallards tested for up to 48 h after dosing and at the end of the sampling period (7 d) in three birds. In those individuals that died or were euthanized <2 h after dosing, STX was readily detected throughout the gastrointestinal tract but only infrequently in heart, kidney, liver, lung, and breast muscle. No gross or microscopic lesions were observed that could be attributable to STX exposure. Given its acute toxicity, limited detectability, and frequent occurrence in the Alaska marine environment, additional research on STX in seabirds is warranted.
Trace-metal concentrations in sediment and in the clam Limecola petalum (formerly reported as Macoma balthica and M. petalum), clam reproductive activity, and benthic macroinvertebrate community structure were investigated in a mudflat 1 kilometer south of the discharge of the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant (PARWQCP) in south San Francisco Bay, Calif. This report includes the data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) for the period January 2019 to December 2019. These data append to long-term datasets extending back to 1974. A major focus of the report is an integrated description of the 2019 data within the context of the longer, multidecadal dataset. This dataset supports the City of Palo Alto’s Near-Field Receiving-Water Monitoring Program, initiated in 1994.
Significant reductions in silver and copper contamination occurred at the site in the 1980s following the implementation by PARWQCP of advanced wastewater treatment and source control measures. Since the 1990s, concentrations of these elements in surface sediments have continued to decrease, although more slowly. Silver appears to have stabilized at concentrations about twice the regional background concentration. Presently, sediment copper concentrations appear to be near the regional background level. Over the same period (1994–2019), sedimentary iron and zinc also exhibited modest declines. Sedimentary aluminum, chromium, mercury, nickel, and selenium have not exhibited any trend. Since 1994, concentrations of silver and copper in L. petalum have varied seasonally, apparently in response to a combination of site-specific metal exposures and cyclic growth and reproduction, as reported previously. Seasonal patterns for other elements, including chromium, mercury, nickel, selenium, and zinc, were generally similar in timing and magnitude as those for silver and copper. The annual growth and reproductive cycle explained a small amount of the variance in annual silver and zinc tissue metal concentrations. However, interannual trends are not apparent for any element.
Biological effects of elevated silver and copper contamination at the Palo Alto site have been interpreted from data collected during and after the recession of these contaminants. Concentrations of both elements in the soft tissues of L. petalum declined with sedimentary copper and silver. This pattern was associated with changes in the reproductive activity of L. petalum, as well as the structure of the benthic invertebrate community. Reproductive activity of L. petalum increased as metal concentrations in L. petalum declined and presently is stable with almost all animals initiating reproduction in the fall and spawning the following spring. Analyses of the benthic community structure indicate that the infaunal invertebrate community has shifted from one dominated by several opportunistic species when silver and copper exposures were highest to one in which the species abundance is more evenly distributed, a pattern that indicates a more stable community that is subjected to fewer stressors. Importantly, this long-term change is unrelated to other metals and other measured environmental factors, including salinity and sediment composition. In addition, two of the opportunistic species (Ampelisca abdita and Streblospio benedicti) that brood their young and live on the surface of the sediment in tubes have shown a continual decline in dominance coincident with the decline in metals. Both species had short-lived rebounds in abundance in 2008, 2009, and 2010 and showed signs of increasing abundance in 2019. Heteromastus filiformis (a subsurface polychaete worm that lives in the sediment, consumes sediment and organic particles residing in the sediment, and reproduces by laying its eggs on or in the sediment) showed a concurrent increase in dominance and, in the last several years before 2008, showed a stable population. H. filiformis abundance increased slightly in 2011–2012 and returned to pre-2011 numbers in 2019.
An unidentified disturbance occurred on the mudflat in early 2008 that resulted in the loss of the benthic animals, except for deep-dwelling animals like L. petalum. However, within two months of this event, animals returned to the mudflat. The resilience of the community suggested that the disturbance was not caused by a persistent toxin or anoxia. The reproductive mode of most species that were present in 2019 was indicative of species that were available either as pelagic larvae or as mobile adults. Although oviparous species were lower in number in this group, the authors hypothesize that these species will return slowly as more species move back into the area. The use of functional ecology was highlighted in the 2019 benthic community data, which showed that the animals that have now returned to the mudflat are those that can respond successfully to a physical, nontoxic disturbance. Today, community data show a mix of species that consume the sediment, or filter feed, those that have pelagic larvae that must survive landing on the sediment, and those that brood their young. USGS scientists view the 2008 disturbance event as a response by the infaunal community to an episodic natural stressor (possibly sediment accretion or a pulse of freshwater), in contrast to the long-term recovery from metal contamination. We will compare this recovery to the long-term recovery observed after the 1970s when the decline in sediment pollutants was the dominating factor.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211079","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Palo Alto, California","usgsCitation":"Cain, D.J., Croteau, M.-N., Thompson, J.K., Parchaso, F., Stewart, R., Shrader, K.H., Zierdt Smith, E.L., and Luoma, S.N., 2021, Near-field receiving-water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in south San Francisco Bay, California—2019: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1079, 59 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211079.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 59 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"59","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-119549","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":416178,"rank":8,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231017","text":"Open-File Report 2023-1017","description":"Cain, D.J., Croteau, M.-N., Thompson, J.K., Parchaso, F., Stewart, R., Zierdt Smith, E.L., Shrader, K.H., Kieu, L.H., and Luoma, S.N., 2023, Near-field receiving-water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in south San Francisco Bay, California—2020: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1017, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231017.","linkHelpText":"- Near-Field Receiving-Water Monitoring of Trace Metals and a Benthic Community Near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in South San Francisco Bay, California—2020"},{"id":390272,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171135","text":"Open-File Report 2017-1135","linkHelpText":"- Near-Field Receiving-Water Monitoring of Trace Metals and a Benthic Community Near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in South San Francisco Bay, California; 2016"},{"id":390273,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161118","text":"Open-File Report 2016-1118","linkHelpText":"- Near-Field Receiving-Water Monitoring of Trace Metals and a Benthic Community Near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in South San Francisco Bay, California; 2015"},{"id":390267,"rank":1,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9IBQ23S","linkHelpText":"Data for monitoring trace metal and benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in south San Francisco Bay, California"},{"id":390268,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1079/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":390269,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1079/ofr20211079.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":390270,"rank":7,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191084","text":"Open-File Report 2019-1084","linkHelpText":"- Near-Field Receiving-Water Monitoring of Trace Metals and a Benthic Community Near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in South San Francisco Bay, California—2018"},{"id":390271,"rank":6,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181107","text":"Open-File Report 2018-1107","linkHelpText":"- Near-Field Receiving-Water Monitoring of Trace Metals and a Benthic Community Near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in South San Francisco Bay, California—2017"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"South San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.16728210449219,\n 37.385980767871416\n ],\n [\n -121.90361022949219,\n 37.385980767871416\n ],\n [\n -121.90361022949219,\n 37.496107562317064\n ],\n [\n -122.16728210449219,\n 37.496107562317064\n ],\n [\n -122.16728210449219,\n 37.385980767871416\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director,
Water Resources, Earth System Processes Division
U.S. Geological Survey
411 National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
","tableOfContents":"- Acknowledgments
- Executive Summary of Past Findings
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Methods
- Results
- Summary
- References Cited
- Appendix 1. Certified Concentrations and Recovery Percentages of Inorganic Elements in National Institute of Science and Technology Standard Reference Materials 2709a and 2711a, Prepared in 2019
- Appendix 2. Certified Concentrations and Recovery Percentages of Inorganic Elements in National Research Council Canada Certified Reference Material TORT-3 and National Institute of Science and Technology Standard Reference Material 1566b, Prepared in 2019
- Appendix 3. Mercury and Selenium Concentrations Determined in Sample Splits of Surface Sediments and Clam Limecola petalum Collected at Palo Alto, Calif., Site in 2019
- Appendix 4. Recovery Percentages (±Standard Deviation) of Mercury and Selenium in Standard Reference Materials
- Appendix 5. Method Detection Limits and Method Reporting Levels for Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrophotometry Methods
- Appendix 6. Statistical Summary of Silver and Copper Concentrations in Sediment and Clam Limecola petalum Collected at Palo Alto, Calif., Site in 2019 and in 1977–2019
- Appendix 7. Reproduction Data for Clam Limecola petalum Collected at Palo Alto, Calif., Site in 2015–2019
- Appendix 8. Complete List of Benthic Species Found at Palo Alto, Calif., Site in 2019
- Appendix 9. Benthic Species Name Changes as of 2019
Understanding the key mechanisms that control northern treelines is important to accurately predict biome shifts and terrestrial feedbacks to climate. At a global scale, it has long been observed that elevational and latitudinal treelines occur at similar mean growing season air temperature (GSAT) isotherms, inspiring the growth limitation hypothesis (GLH) that cold GSAT limits aboveground growth of treeline trees, with mean treeline GSAT ~6–7°C. Treelines with mean GSAT warmer than 6–7°C may indicate other limiting factors. Many treelines globally are not advancing despite warming, and other climate variables are rarely considered at broad scales. Our goals were to test whether current boreal treelines in northern Alaska correspond with the GLH isotherm, determine which environmental factors are most predictive of treeline presence, and identify areas beyond the current treeline where advance is most likely. We digitized ~12 400 km of treelines (>26 K points) and computed seasonal climate variables across northern Alaska. We then built a generalized additive model predicting treeline presence to identify key factors determining treeline. Two metrics of mean GSAT at Alaska's northern treelines were consistently warmer than the 6–7°C isotherm (means of 8.5°C and 9.3°C), indicating that direct physiological limitation from low GSAT is unlikely to explain the position of treelines in northern Alaska. Our final model included cumulative growing degree-days, near-surface (≤1 m) permafrost probability and growing season total precipitation, which together may represent the importance of soil temperature. Our results indicate that mean GSAT may not be the primary driver of treeline in northern Alaska or that its effect is mediated by other more proximate, and possibly non-climatic, controls. Our model predicts treeline potential in several areas beyond current treelines, pointing to possible routes of treeline advance if unconstrained by non-climatic factors.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ecog.05597","usgsCitation":"Maher, C.T., Dial, R.J., Pastick, N.J., Hewitt, R.E., Jorgenson, M., and Sullivan, P., 2021, The climate envelope of Alaska’s northern treelines: Implications for controlling factors and future treeline advance: Ecography, v. 44, no. 11, p. 1710-1722, https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.05597.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1710","endPage":"1722","ipdsId":"IP-129005","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":450505,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.05597","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":390390,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -163.65234374999997,\n 66\n ],\n [\n -141.15234374999997,\n 66\n ],\n [\n -141.064453125,\n 69.71810669906763\n ],\n [\n -148.88671874999997,\n 70.4367988185464\n ],\n [\n -156.4453125,\n 71.38514208411495\n ],\n [\n -163.037109375,\n 70.22974449563027\n ],\n [\n -166.904296875,\n 68.78414378041504\n ],\n [\n -165.9375,\n 67.64267630796034\n ],\n [\n -163.65234374999997,\n 66\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"44","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-10-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maher, Colin T.","contributorId":267273,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maher","given":"Colin","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":55458,"text":"University of Alaska, Anchorage","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":824887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dial, Roman J.","contributorId":267274,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dial","given":"Roman","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12915,"text":"Alaska Pacific University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":824888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pastick, Neal J. 0000-0002-4321-6739","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4321-6739","contributorId":267275,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pastick","given":"Neal","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":54490,"text":"KBR, Inc., under contract to USGS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":824889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hewitt, Rebecca E.","contributorId":267276,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hewitt","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":12698,"text":"Northern Arizona University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":824890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jorgenson, M. Torre","contributorId":267277,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jorgenson","given":"M. Torre","affiliations":[{"id":13506,"text":"Alaska Ecoscience","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":824891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sullivan, Patrick F.","contributorId":267278,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Patrick F.","affiliations":[{"id":55458,"text":"University of Alaska, Anchorage","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":824892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70230315,"text":"70230315 - 2021 - Landscape-scale drivers of endangered Cape Sable Seaside Sparrow (Ammospiza maritima mirabilis) presence using an ensemble modeling approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-09T13:58:22.728184","indexId":"70230315","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-08T07:28:31","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape-scale drivers of endangered Cape Sable Seaside Sparrow (Ammospiza maritima mirabilis) presence using an ensemble modeling approach","docAbstract":"The Florida Everglades is a vast and iconic wetland ecosystem in the southern United States that has undergone dramatic changes from habitat degradation, development encroachment, and water impoundment. Starting in the past few decades, large restoration projects have been undertaken to restore the landscape, including improving conditions for threatened and imperiled taxa. One focus of restoration has been the marl prairie ecosystem, where the federally endangered Cape Sable Seaside Sparrow (Ammospiza maritima mirabilis; CSSS) resides. The CSSS is endemic to the Everglades where populations have been steadily declining, signaling the importance of decision support tools for natural resource managers for evaluating water management and restoration scenarios. Here we developed an ensemble logistic regression, combining a frequentist and Bayesian approach, to model CSSS presence and measure how environmental factors such as hydrometrics, fire occurrence, and vegetation structure impact CSSS habitat suitability. This is the first analysis to quantitatively assess the interdependent relationships between a broad range of environmental factors and CSSS presence across the landscape. Our results show that the probability of CSSS presence was highest in areas with dry conditions, hydroperiods between 80 and 120 days, percentages of canopy cover and woody vegetation less than 10%, and more than six years post-fire where 75% or more of the area was burned. Because the frequentist and Bayesian models had nearly identical spatial outputs with the Bayesian model having slightly higher validation metrics, we used the Bayesian approach as our final model (EverSparrow). The results from our analysis can provide a valuable decision support tool as natural resource managers work to restore the Everglades landscape.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/w13192796","usgsCitation":"Lucas, L., and Deleersnijder, E., 2021, Tracers and timescales: Tools for distilling and simplifying complex fluid mechanical problems: Water, v. 13, no. 19, 2796, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/w13192796.","productDescription":"2796, 8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-133180","costCenters":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":450512,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w13192796","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":401527,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-10-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lucas, Lisa V. 0000-0001-7797-5517 llucas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7797-5517","contributorId":260498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucas","given":"Lisa","email":"llucas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":844043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Deleersnijder, Eric 0000-0003-0346-9667","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0346-9667","contributorId":260499,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Deleersnijder","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52602,"text":"Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering (IMMC) & Earth and Life Institute (ELI), Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":844044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70227362,"text":"70227362 - 2021 - Geodetic constraints on a 25-year magmatic inflation episode near Three Sisters, central Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-11T12:44:33.101055","indexId":"70227362","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-08T06:41:43","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geodetic constraints on a 25-year magmatic inflation episode near Three Sisters, central Oregon","docAbstract":"Crustal inflation near the Three Sisters volcanic center documented since the mid-1990s has persisted for more than two decades. We update past analyses of the event through 2020 by simultaneously inverting InSAR interferograms, GPS time series, and leveling data for time-dependent volcanic deformation source parameters. We explore several source models to estimate how the deformation rate varied through time and to identify parameters that can reproduce measured deformation. Our preferred model is a Mogi source 4.1 km below sea level (5.9 km below the surface) about 5 km west of the summit of South Sister. Inflation started in late 1995 or 1996; the rate increased rapidly during 1998–1999, and peaked in late 1999, resulting in maximum surface uplift of about 30 cm by mid-2020. Since 2000, the inflation rate generally declined exponentially with a time constant of about 6 years. Two source inflation scenarios fit the data equally well. In the first, the crust surrounding the source is elastic and the net source-volume increase, which we attribute to persistent magma input, has been about 49 × 106 m3. The second scenario adds a viscoelastic shell surrounding the Mogi source. In that case, an injection of about 21 × 106 m3 of magma prior to 2000, followed by continuing relaxation of the viscoelastic shell, can account for most of the observed surface deformation. In both scenarios, modeling reveals quasiperiodic increases in the inflation rate (pulses) with a recurrence interval of 3–4 years, both before and after 2000.
Over the last several decades, the study of Earth surface processes has progressed from a descriptive science to an increasingly quantitative one due to advances in theoretical, experimental, and computational geosciences. The importance of geomorphic forecasts has never been greater, as technological development and global climate change threaten to reshape the landscapes that support human societies and natural ecosystems. Here we explore best practices for developing socially relevant forecasts of Earth surface change, a goal we are calling “earthcasting”. We suggest that earthcasts have the following features: they focus on temporal (∼1–∼100 years) and spatial (∼1 m–∼10 km) scales relevant to planning; they are designed with direct involvement of stakeholders and public beneficiaries through the evaluation of the socioeconomic impacts of geomorphic processes; and they generate forecasts that are clearly stated, testable, and include quantitative uncertainties. Earthcasts bridge the gap between Earth surface researchers and decision-makers, stakeholders, researchers from other disciplines, and the general public. We investigate the defining features of earthcasts and evaluate some specific examples. This paper builds on previous studies of prediction in geomorphology by recommending a roadmap for (a) generating earthcasts, especially those based on modeling; (b) transforming a subset of geomorphic research into earthcasts; and (c) communicating earthcasts beyond the geomorphology research community. Earthcasting exemplifies the social benefit of geomorphology research, and it calls for renewed research efforts toward further understanding the limits of predictability of Earth surface systems and processes, and the uncertainties associated with modeling geomorphic processes and their impacts.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2021EF002088","usgsCitation":"Ferdowsi, B., Gartner, J.D., Johnson, K.N., Kasprak, A., Miller, K.L., Nardin, W., Ortiz, A.C., and Tejedor, A., 2021, Earthcasting: Geomorphic forecasts for society: Earth's Future, v. 9, no. 11, e2021EF002088, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2021EF002088.","productDescription":"e2021EF002088, 24 p.","ipdsId":"IP-086529","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498682,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2021ef002088","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":498545,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferdowsi, Behrooz","contributorId":365025,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ferdowsi","given":"Behrooz","affiliations":[{"id":16979,"text":"University of Pennsylvania","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":953588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gartner, John D.","contributorId":365028,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gartner","given":"John","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":36396,"text":"University of Massachusetts","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":953589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Kerri N.","contributorId":365029,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Kerri","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":36524,"text":"University of California, Santa Barbara","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":953590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kasprak, Alan 0000-0001-8184-6128","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8184-6128","contributorId":204162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kasprak","given":"Alan","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":953591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miller, Kimberly L.","contributorId":365031,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Kimberly","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":36628,"text":"University of Wyoming","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":953592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nardin, William","contributorId":365034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nardin","given":"William","affiliations":[{"id":35259,"text":"Horn Point Laboratory, University of Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":953593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ortiz, Alejandra C.","contributorId":365036,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ortiz","given":"Alejandra","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":953594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Tejedor, Alejandro","contributorId":365040,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tejedor","given":"Alejandro","affiliations":[{"id":6976,"text":"University of California, Irvine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":953595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
]}