{"pageNumber":"2151","pageRowStart":"53750","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":86065,"text":"fs20083055 - 2008 - Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center - Who We Are and What We Do","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:29","indexId":"fs20083055","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-3055","title":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center - Who We Are and What We Do","docAbstract":"To understand our planet at local, regional, national, and global scales, people need information about Earth's land surfaces and how they are changing. Land remote sensing is the key to gathering this information. Satellites that capture detailed images of Earth's continents, islands, and coastlines are and have been EROS' primary source of remotely sensed data since the Center opened in 1973. EROS is probably best known as the USGS receiving station for Landsat satellite images. However, we acquire data and images from many other satellites, as well as from other kinds of remote sensing instruments.\r\n\r\nRoughly 1.5 terabytes* of information arrive at EROS every day to become part of the largest civilian archive of remotely sensed land data in the world. The archive represents a perfectly preserved 70-year record of Earth's land surfaces and serves as an invaluable resource for documenting how they have changed over time.\r\n\r\n*One terabyte = 1,000 gigabytes","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs20083055","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center - Who We Are and What We Do: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2008-3055, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20083055.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121209,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2008_3055.jpg"},{"id":11618,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3055/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c19e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":86064,"text":"ofr20081124 - 2008 - Preliminary Geologic Map of the North-Central Part of the Alamosa 30' x 60' Quadrangle, Alamosa, Conejos and Costilla Counties, Colorado","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":86064,"text":"ofr20081124 - 2008 - Preliminary Geologic Map of the North-Central Part of the Alamosa 30' x 60' Quadrangle, Alamosa, Conejos and Costilla Counties, Colorado","indexId":"ofr20081124","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary Geologic Map of the North-Central Part of the Alamosa 30' x 60' Quadrangle, Alamosa, Conejos and Costilla Counties, Colorado"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70156862,"text":"sim3342 - 2015 - Geologic map of the Alamosa 30’ × 60’ quadrangle, south-central Colorado","indexId":"sim3342","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic map of the Alamosa 30’ × 60’ quadrangle, south-central Colorado"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70156862,"text":"sim3342 - 2015 - Geologic map of the Alamosa 30’ × 60’ quadrangle, south-central Colorado","indexId":"sim3342","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic map of the Alamosa 30’ × 60’ quadrangle, south-central Colorado"},"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-15T08:56:18","indexId":"ofr20081124","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1124","title":"Preliminary Geologic Map of the North-Central Part of the Alamosa 30' x 60' Quadrangle, Alamosa, Conejos and Costilla Counties, Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>This geologic map presents new polygon (geologic map unit contacts) and line (terrace and lacustrine spit/barrier bar) vector data for a map comprised of four 7.5' quadrangles in the north-central part of the Alamosa, Colorado, 30' x 60' quadrangle. The quadrangles include Baldy, Blanca, Blanca SE, and Lasauses. The map database, compiled at 1:50,000 scale from new 1:24,000-scale mapping, provides geologic coverage of an area of current hydrogeologic, tectonic, and stratigraphic interest. The mapped area is located primarily in Costilla County, but contains portions of Alamosa and Conejos Counties, and includes the town of Blanca in its northeastern part. The map area is mainly underlain by surficial geologic materials (fluvial and lacustrine deposits, and eolian sand), but Tertiary volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks crop out in the San Luis Hills, which are in the central and southern parts of the mapped area. The surficial geology of this area has never been mapped at any scale greater than 1:250,000 (broad reconnaissance), so this new map provides important data for ground-water assessments, engineering geology, and the Quaternary geologic history of the San Luis Basin. Newly discovered shoreline deposits are of particular interest (sands and gravels) that are associated with the high-water stand of Lake Alamosa, a Pliocene to middle Pleistocene lake that occupied the San Luis basin prior to its overflow and cutting of a river gorge through the San Luis Hills. After the lake drained, the Rio Grande system included Colorado drainages for the first time since the Miocene (&gt;5.3 Ma). In addition, Servilleta Basalt, which forms the Basaltic Hills on the east margin of the map area, is dated at 3.79+or-0.17 Ma, consistent with its general age range of 3.67-4.84 Ma. This map provides new geologic information for better understanding ground-water flow paths in and adjacent to the Rio Grande system. The map abuts U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 2005-1392 (a map of the northwestern part of the Alamosa 30' x 60' quadrangle map) to the west and U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2965 (Fort Garland 7.5' quadrangle) to the east.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081124","usgsCitation":"Machette, M., Thompson, R.A., and Brandt, T.R., 2008, Preliminary Geologic Map of the North-Central Part of the Alamosa 30' x 60' Quadrangle, Alamosa, Conejos and Costilla Counties, Colorado (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1124, Map Sheet: 33 x 30 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081124.","productDescription":"Map Sheet: 33 x 30 inches; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":11617,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1124/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195029,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"50000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.75,37.25 ], [ -105.75,37.5 ], [ -105.5,37.5 ], [ -105.5,37.25 ], [ -105.75,37.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e6db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Machette, Michael N.","contributorId":28963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Machette","given":"Michael N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, Ren A. 0000-0002-3044-3043 rathomps@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3044-3043","contributorId":1265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Ren","email":"rathomps@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brandt, Theodore R. 0000-0002-7862-9082 tbrandt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7862-9082","contributorId":1267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandt","given":"Theodore","email":"tbrandt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":86062,"text":"sir20075196 - 2008 - Multiple Landslide-Hazard Scenarios Modeled for the Oakland-Berkeley Area, Northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:42","indexId":"sir20075196","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5196","title":"Multiple Landslide-Hazard Scenarios Modeled for the Oakland-Berkeley Area, Northern California","docAbstract":"With the exception of Los Angeles, perhaps no urban area in the United States is more at risk from landsliding, triggered by either precipitation or earthquake, than the San Francisco Bay region of northern California. By January each year, seasonal winter storms usually bring moisture levels of San Francisco Bay region hillsides to the point of saturation, after which additional heavy rainfall may induce landslides of various types and levels of severity. In addition, movement at any time along one of several active faults in the area may generate an earthquake large enough to trigger landslides. The danger to life and property rises each year as local populations continue to expand and more hillsides are graded for development of residential housing and its supporting infrastructure. \r\n\r\nThe chapters in the text consist of: \r\n\r\n*Introduction by Russell W. Graymer \r\n\r\n*Chapter 1 Rainfall Thresholds for Landslide Activity, San Francisco Bay Region, Northern California by Raymond C. Wilson \r\n\r\n*Chapter 2 Susceptibility to Deep-Seated Landsliding Modeled for the Oakland-Berkeley Area, Northern California by Richard J. Pike and Steven Sobieszczyk \r\n\r\n*Chapter 3 Susceptibility to Shallow Landsliding Modeled for the Oakland-Berkeley Area, Northern California by Kevin M. Schmidt and Steven Sobieszczyk \r\n\r\n*Chapter 4 Landslide Hazard Modeled for the Cities of Oakland, Piedmont, and Berkeley, Northern California, from a M=7.1 Scenario Earthquake on the Hayward Fault Zone by Scott B. Miles and David K. Keefer \r\n\r\n*Chapter 5 Synthesis of Landslide-Hazard Scenarios Modeled for the Oakland-Berkeley Area, Northern California by Richard J. Pike \r\n\r\nThe plates consist of: \r\n*Plate 1 Susceptibility to Deep-Seated Landsliding Modeled for the Oakland-Berkeley Area, Northern California by Richard J. Pike, Russell W. Graymer, Sebastian Roberts, Naomi B. Kalman, and Steven Sobieszczyk \r\n\r\n*Plate 2 Susceptibility to Shallow Landsliding Modeled for the Oakland-Berkeley Area, Northern California by Kevin M. Schmidt and Steven Sobieszczyk \r\n\r\n*Plate 3 Susceptibility to Shallow Landsliding Modeled for the Cities of Oakland and Piedmont Northern California by Kevin M. Schmidt and Steven Sobieszczyk \r\n\r\n*Plate 4 Seismic Landslide Hazard Modeled for the Cities of Oakland, Piedmont, and Berkeley, Northern California by Scott B. Miles and David K. Keefer III \r\n\r\nThe relative hazard for each of several landslide scenarios is presented as a geospatial database. This publication includes ARC/INFO (Environmental Systems Research Institute, http://www.esri.com) version 8.1.2 grids and associated tables and four text files of FGDC-compliant metadata for each grid.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20075196","usgsCitation":"Pike, R.J., and Graymer, R.W., 2008, Multiple Landslide-Hazard Scenarios Modeled for the Oakland-Berkeley Area, Northern California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5196, Report: iii, 51 p.; 4 Plates: Plates 1 & 2 - 30 x 38 inches, Plates 3 & 4 - 37 x 44 inches; ReadMe; Metadata; Data Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075196.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 51 p.; 4 Plates: Plates 1 & 2 - 30 x 38 inches, Plates 3 & 4 - 37 x 44 inches; ReadMe; Metadata; Data Files","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":647,"text":"Western Earth Surface Processes","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190887,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11615,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5196/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.36749999999999,37.6175 ], [ -122.36749999999999,38 ], [ -122,38 ], [ -122,37.6175 ], [ -122.36749999999999,37.6175 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b48b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pike, Richard J. rpike@usgs.gov","contributorId":5753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pike","given":"Richard","email":"rpike@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":296703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graymer, Russell W. 0000-0003-4910-5682 rgraymer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4910-5682","contributorId":1052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graymer","given":"Russell","email":"rgraymer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":86063,"text":"ofr20071428 - 2008 - Preliminary Geologic Map of the Culebra Peak Area, Sangre de Cristo Mountains, Las Animas and Costilla Counties, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:42","indexId":"ofr20071428","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1428","title":"Preliminary Geologic Map of the Culebra Peak Area, Sangre de Cristo Mountains, Las Animas and Costilla Counties, Colorado","docAbstract":"This geologic map provides new geologic mapping at 1:50,000-scale in the Culebra Peak area of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of south-central Colorado. The map area includes all of the El Valle Creek, Stonewall, Culebra Peak, and Torres 7.5' quadrangles. Paleoproterozoic crystalline basement rocks are exposed along the crest of the Culebra Range which include a calc-alkaline gneiss sequence and a metasedimentary and bimodal metavolcanic sequence which are strongly foliated and display a northeast-southwest oriented structural trend. These rocks are intruded by several large granitic bodies and smaller amphibolitic and pegmatitic bodies which are also foliated. These basement rocks are intruded by a set of younger Neoproterozoic to lower Paleozoic gabbro dikes which are nonfoliated. These crystalline rocks are overlain to the east of the Culebra Range by a thick sequence of Phanerozoic sedimentary rocks which include upper Paleozoic syn-tectonic sedimentary rocks of the Colorado Trough related to the Ancestral Rocky Mountains, Mesozoic post-tectonic sedimentary rocks, Cretaceous interior seaway sediments, and Laramide-age syn-tectonic sedimentary rocks of the Raton Basin. These rocks are faulted and folded by Laramide-age deformation. Tertiary igneous and volcaniclastic rocks that postdate the Laramide Orogeny are exposed throughout the map area and to the west of the Culebra Range, syntectonic sedimentary and volcanic rocks of the Sante Fe Group were deposited as fill in basins of the Rio Grande rift. These deposits are cut by rift-related extensional faults. Surficial units include alluvial, lacustrine, glacial, and mass-wasting deposits.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071428","usgsCitation":"Fridrich, C.J., and Kirkham, R.M., 2008, Preliminary Geologic Map of the Culebra Peak Area, Sangre de Cristo Mountains, Las Animas and Costilla Counties, Colorado (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1428, Map Sheet: 36 x 30 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071428.","productDescription":"Map Sheet: 36 x 30 inches; Downloads Directory","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190499,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11616,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1428/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"50000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.25,37 ], [ -105.25,37.25 ], [ -105,37.25 ], [ -105,37 ], [ -105.25,37 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb94c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fridrich, Christopher J. 0000-0003-2453-6478 fridrich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2453-6478","contributorId":1251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fridrich","given":"Christopher","email":"fridrich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kirkham, Robert M.","contributorId":98817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirkham","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":85866,"text":"sir20085052 - 2008 - Distribution and migration of ordnance-related compounds and oxygen and hydrogen stable isotopes in ground water near Snake Pond, Sandwich, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-14T21:31:31.856774","indexId":"sir20085052","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5052","title":"Distribution and migration of ordnance-related compounds and oxygen and hydrogen stable isotopes in ground water near Snake Pond, Sandwich, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"<p><span>Explosive compounds, such as RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine) and HMX (octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine), and the propellant compound perchlorate are present in ground water near Snake Pond, a ground-water flow-through glacial kettle pond in the glacial sand and gravel aquifer on western Cape Cod near Camp Edwards on the Massachusetts Military Reservation. The contaminants originate from the J-3 Range ordnance training and testing area. Ground-water samples were collected at 10 sites near the pond to determine the paths of the contaminants as they underflow or completely or partially discharge into the pond. Water-quality profiles were developed for sites on opposite ends of a 200-foot-long intermittent island near the northern, upgradient end of the pond by collecting water samples from two temporary drive-point borings. RDX was detected at both locations between 60 and 90 feet below the pond level. The highest RDX concentration was 0.99 micrograms per liter. Perchlorate was detected at only one location on the island, between 95 and 100 feet below the pond level at a concentration of 0.61 micrograms per liter. Profiles of oxygen and hydrogen stable isotopes were developed for seven sites spaced 300 to 600 feet apart along the southern, downgradient shore of the pond. A transition from heavier to lighter oxygen and hydrogen isotopes was observed at an altitude of about -50 feet. This transition most likely is the boundary between evaporation-affected pond water that is seeping into the aquifer and ground water that has passed beneath the pond. RDX was not detected in the ground-water samples collected south of the pond. Perchlorate was detected only in one sample from a shallow depth in one boring. The results of these analyses indicate that the J-3 Range plume contains low concentrations of RDX and perchlorate (less than 1 microgram per liter) as it passes beneath the northern end of Snake Pond. Results of ground-water-flow modeling indicate that ground water containing these low levels of RDX and perchlorate discharges into the pond south of the island. If the contaminated ground water should travel as far as the southern shore of the pond, it would be overlain near the shore by a zone of pond water seeping into the aquifer that is about 100 feet thick.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085052","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Environmental Command","usgsCitation":"LeBlanc, D.R., Massey, A.J., Cochrane, J.J., King, J., and Smith, K.P., 2008, Distribution and migration of ordnance-related compounds and oxygen and hydrogen stable isotopes in ground water near Snake Pond, Sandwich, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5052, v, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085052.","productDescription":"v, 19 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2001-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":377,"text":"Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":423588,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_84098.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":11608,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5052/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195194,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","city":"Sandwich","otherGeospatial":"Snake Pond","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -70.5336,\n              41.6675\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.5336,\n              41.7003\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.5008,\n              41.7003\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.5008,\n              41.6675\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.5336,\n              41.6675\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a1b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LeBlanc, Denis R. 0000-0002-4646-2628 dleblanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4646-2628","contributorId":1696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeBlanc","given":"Denis","email":"dleblanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Massey, Andrew J. 0000-0003-3995-8657 ajmassey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3995-8657","contributorId":1862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Massey","given":"Andrew","email":"ajmassey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cochrane, Jessica J.","contributorId":47882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochrane","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"King, Jonathan H.","contributorId":73698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Jonathan H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, Kirk P. 0000-0003-0269-474X kpsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0269-474X","contributorId":1516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Kirk","email":"kpsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70123995,"text":"70123995 - 2008 - Recent damaging earthquakes in Japan, 2003-2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T09:41:22","indexId":"70123995","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Recent damaging earthquakes in Japan, 2003-2008","docAbstract":"<p>During the last six years, from 2003-2008, Japan has been struck by three significant and damaging earthquakes: The most recent M6.6 Niigata Chuetsu Oki earthquake of July 16, 2007 off the coast of Kashiwazaki City, Japan; The M6.6 Niigata Chuetsu earthquake of October 23, 2004, located in Niigata Prefecture in the central Uonuma Hills; and the M8.0 Tokachi Oki Earthquake of September 26, 2003 effecting southeastern Hokkaido Prefecture. These earthquakes stand out among many in a very active period of seismicity in Japan. Within the upper 100 km of the crust during this period, Japan experienced 472 earthquakes of magnitude 6, or greater. Both Niigata events affected the south-central region of Tohoku Japan, and the Tokachi-Oki earthquake affected a broad region of the continental shelf and slope southeast of the Island of Hokkaido. This report is synthesized from the work of scores of Japanese and US researchers who led and participated in post-earthquake reconnaissance of these earthquakes: their noteworthy and valuable contributions are listed in an extended acknowledgements section at the end of the paper.</p><p> During the Niigata Chuetsu Oki event of 2007, damage to the Kashiwazaki-Kariwa nuclear power plant, structures, infrastructure, and ground were primarily the product of two factors: (1) high intensity motions from this moderate-sized shallow event, and (2) soft, poor performing, or liquefiable soils in the coastal region of southwestern Niigata Prefecture. Structural and geotechnical damage along the slopes of dunes was ubiquitous in the Kashiwazaki-Kariwa region. The 2004 Niigata Chuetsu Earthquake was the most significant to affect Japan since the 1995 Kobe earthquake. Forty people were killed, almost 3,000 were injured, and many hundreds of landslides destroyed entire upland villages. Landslides were of all types; some dammed streams, temporarily creating lakes threatening to overtop their new embankments and cause flash floods and mudslides. The numerous landslides resulted, in part, from heavy rain associated with Typhoon Tokage. The earthquake forced more than 100,000 people into temporary shelters, and as many as 10,000 displaced from their upland homes for several years. Total damages was estimated by Japanese authorities at US$40 billion, making this the second most costly disaster in history, after the 1995 Kobe earth-quake. The 2003 Tokachi-Oki earthquake was the third event of magnitude 8.0+ to strike the southeastern portion of Hokkaido in the last 50 years. The event produced tsunami run-ups along the shoreline of southern Hokkaido that reached maximum heights of 4 meters. Accelerations recorded by seismic networks of Hokkaido indicated a high intensity motion region from Hiroo area to Kushiro City, with a PGA values in the range of 0.35 to 0.6g. Despite high acceleration levels, the observed ground failure, liquefaction, structural, port, and lifeline damages were remarkably light. </p>","conferenceTitle":"6th International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering ","conferenceDate":"August 11-16","conferenceLocation":"Arlington, VA","language":"English","publisher":"Missouri University of Science and Technology","usgsCitation":"Kayen, R.E., 2008, Recent damaging earthquakes in Japan, 2003-2008, 6th International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering , Arlington, VA, August 11-16, p. 1-30.","productDescription":"30 p. 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,{"id":70123994,"text":"70123994 - 2008 - Shear wave velocity investigation of soil liquefaction sites from the Tangshan, China M7.8 earthquake of 1976 using active and passive surface wave methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-08T12:27:27","indexId":"70123994","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Shear wave velocity investigation of soil liquefaction sites from the Tangshan, China M7.8 earthquake of 1976 using active and passive surface wave methods","docAbstract":"<p>An initial investigation of soil liquefaction sites from the July, 28 1976 Tangshan M7.8 earthquake was conducted between 1976 and 1978 by the National Ministry of Railways, China. These data are the basis of the ‘Chinese Method’ for assessment of liquefaction potential of silty-sand deposits, and are an important component of the worldwide data set for modern probabilistic methods for assessment of soil liquefaction using Bayesian updating and system reliability tools. </p><p>We revisited 26 sites identified in the maps and published 198 report of the Ministry of Railways in order to investigate these locations with a suite of active- and passive-array surface wave methods. These sites are clustered along the north coast of the Bo Hai Sea in three areas: Lutai, Tianjin; Tangshan City and outlying village, Hebei; and Luannan county, Hebei. First, we gathered and evaluated the Rayleigh wave dispersion characteristics of the ground by comparing dispersion curves from the active source harmonic wave-spectral analysis of surface waves (SASW) method and the passive array Spatial Auto-Correlation method (SPAC). The dispersive properties of the liquefied ground as measured by these two methods were found to be almost identical. These tests were hybridized and the data sets merged in order to invert of shear wave velocities for analysis of liquefaction potential using a probabilistic framework. The data from high-values of seismic intensity near Tangshan city to low-intensities distant of the event in Luannan County segregate out into clusters of liquefied and non liquefied points clearly separated by liquefaction boundary curves developed from a large global data set of 310 sites</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Sixth International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering ","language":"English","publisher":"Missouri University of Science and Technology ","usgsCitation":"Kayen, R.E., Tao, X., Shi, L., and Shi, H., 2008, Shear wave velocity investigation of soil liquefaction sites from the Tangshan, China M7.8 earthquake of 1976 using active and passive surface wave methods, <i>in</i> International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering, p. 1-7.","productDescription":"7 p. 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Robert E rkayen@usgs.gov","contributorId":121447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kayen","given":"Robert","email":"rkayen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tao, Xiaxin","contributorId":192872,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tao","given":"Xiaxin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shi, Lijing","contributorId":192873,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shi","given":"Lijing","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shi, Hailiang","contributorId":192874,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shi","given":"Hailiang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":85864,"text":"sir20085117 - 2008 - A Versatile Time-Lapse Camera System Developed by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory for Use at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-27T11:20:26","indexId":"sir20085117","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5117","title":"A Versatile Time-Lapse Camera System Developed by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory for Use at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Volcanoes can be difficult to study up close. Because it may be days, weeks, or even years between important events, direct observation is often impractical. In addition, volcanoes are often inaccessible due to their remote location and (or) harsh environmental conditions. An eruption adds another level of complexity to what already may be a difficult and dangerous situation. \r\n\r\nFor these reasons, scientists at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) have, for years, built camera systems to act as surrogate eyes. With the recent advances in digital-camera technology, these eyes are rapidly improving. One type of photographic monitoring involves the use of near-real-time network-enabled cameras installed at permanent sites (Hoblitt and others, in press). Time-lapse camera-systems, on the other hand, provide an inexpensive, easily transportable monitoring option that offers more versatility in site location. While time-lapse systems lack near-real-time capability, they provide higher image resolution and can be rapidly deployed in areas where the use of sophisticated telemetry required by the networked cameras systems is not practical. \r\n\r\nThis report describes the latest generation (as of 2008) time-lapse camera system used by HVO for photograph acquisition in remote and hazardous sites on Kilauea Volcano.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20085117","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Orr, T., and Hoblitt, R.P., 2008, A Versatile Time-Lapse Camera System Developed by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory for Use at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5117, iv, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085117.","productDescription":"iv, 8 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190848,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11606,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5117/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155.3,19.2 ], [ -155.3,19.5 ], [ -155,19.5 ], [ -155,19.2 ], [ -155.3,19.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd496ee4b0b290850ef2a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Orr, Tim R.","contributorId":86859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orr","given":"Tim R.","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":296614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoblitt, Richard P. rhoblitt@usgs.gov","contributorId":1937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoblitt","given":"Richard","email":"rhoblitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":296613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":85865,"text":"fs20083049 - 2008 - Circum-Arctic resource appraisal: Estimates of undiscovered oil and gas north of the Arctic Circle","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":76353,"text":"fs20063002 - 2006 - Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the Mackenzie Delta province, North America, 2004","indexId":"fs20063002","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"title":"Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the Mackenzie Delta province, North America, 2004"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":85865,"text":"fs20083049 - 2008 - Circum-Arctic resource appraisal: Estimates of undiscovered oil and gas north of the Arctic Circle","indexId":"fs20083049","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"title":"Circum-Arctic resource appraisal: Estimates of undiscovered oil and gas north of the Arctic Circle"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-22T19:18:58.780667","indexId":"fs20083049","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-3049","title":"Circum-Arctic resource appraisal: Estimates of undiscovered oil and gas north of the Arctic Circle","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has completed an assessment of undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources in all areas north of the Arctic Circle. Using a geology-based probabilistic methodology, the USGS estimated the occurrence of undiscovered oil and gas in 33 geologic provinces thought to be prospective for petroleum. The sum of the mean estimates for each province indicates that 90 billion barrels of oil, 1,669 trillion cubic feet of natural gas, and 44 billion barrels of natural gas liquids may remain to be found in the Arctic, of which approximately 84 percent is expected to occur in offshore areas.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20083049","usgsCitation":"Bird, K.J., Charpentier, R., Gautier, D.L., Houseknecht, D.W., Klett, T., Pitman, J.K., Moore, T.E., Schenk, C.J., Tennyson, M., and Wandrey, C.R., 2008, Circum-Arctic resource appraisal: Estimates of undiscovered oil and gas north of the Arctic Circle (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2008-3049, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20083049.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125654,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2008_3049.jpg"},{"id":407236,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_84099.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":11607,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3049/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":356996,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3049/fs2008-3049.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"otherGeospatial":"Arctic","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -179.9,\n              67\n            ],\n            [\n              179.9,\n              67\n            ],\n            [\n              179.9,\n              90\n            ],\n            [\n              -179.9,\n              90\n            ],\n            [\n              -179.9,\n              67\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abce4b07f02db672cb9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bird, Kenneth J. kbird@usgs.gov","contributorId":1015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bird","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbird@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Charpentier, Ronald R. charpentier@usgs.gov","contributorId":934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charpentier","given":"Ronald R.","email":"charpentier@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":296619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gautier, Donald L. gautier@usgs.gov","contributorId":1310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gautier","given":"Donald","email":"gautier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Houseknecht, David W. 0000-0002-9633-6910 dhouse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9633-6910","contributorId":645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houseknecht","given":"David","email":"dhouse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Klett, Timothy R. 0000-0001-9779-1168 tklett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9779-1168","contributorId":709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klett","given":"Timothy R.","email":"tklett@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":296616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pitman, Janet K. 0000-0002-0441-779X jpitman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0441-779X","contributorId":767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitman","given":"Janet","email":"jpitman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Moore, Thomas E. 0000-0002-0878-0457 tmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0878-0457","contributorId":1033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Thomas","email":"tmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":296621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Schenk, Christopher J. 0000-0002-0248-7305 schenk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0248-7305","contributorId":826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schenk","given":"Christopher","email":"schenk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Tennyson, Marilyn E. 0000-0002-5166-2421 tennyson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5166-2421","contributorId":1433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tennyson","given":"Marilyn E.","email":"tennyson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":296623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Wandrey, Craig R.","contributorId":73700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wandrey","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70211318,"text":"70211318 - 2008 - Exponential decline of aftershocks of the M7.9 1868 great Kau earthquake, Hawaii, through the 20th century","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-02T16:20:28.61202","indexId":"70211318","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-23T11:25:29","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7514,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research - Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Exponential decline of aftershocks of the <i>M</i>7.9 1868 great Kau earthquake, Hawaii, through the 20th century","title":"Exponential decline of aftershocks of the M7.9 1868 great Kau earthquake, Hawaii, through the 20th century","docAbstract":"<p><span>The remarkable catalog of Hawaiian earthquakes going back to the 1820s is based on missionary diaries, newspaper accounts, and instrumental records and spans the great&nbsp;</span><i>M<span>&nbsp;</span></i><span>7.9 Kau earthquake of April 1868 and its aftershock sequence. The earthquake record since 1868 defines a smooth curve complete to&nbsp;</span><i>M<span>&nbsp;</span></i><span>5.2 of the declining rate into the 21st century, after five short volcanic swarms are removed. A single aftershock curve fits the earthquake record, even with numerous&nbsp;</span><i>M<span>&nbsp;</span></i><span>6 and 7 main shocks and eruptions. The timing of some moderate earthquakes may be controlled by magmatic stresses, but their overall long‐term rate reflects one of aftershocks of the Kau earthquake. The 1868 earthquake is, therefore, the largest and most controlling stress event in the 19th and 20th centuries. We fit both the modified Omori (power law) and stretched exponential (SE) functions to the earthquakes. We found that the modified Omori law is a good fit to the&nbsp;</span><i>M<span>&nbsp;</span></i><span>≥ 5.2 earthquake rate for the first 10 years or so and the more rapidly declining SE function fits better thereafter, as supported by three statistical tests. The switch to exponential decay suggests that a possible change in aftershock physics may occur from rate and state fault friction, with no change in the stress rate, to viscoelastic stress relaxation. The 61‐year exponential decay constant is at the upper end of the range of geodetic relaxation times seen after other global earthquakes. Modeling deformation in Hawaii is beyond the scope of this paper, but a simple interpretation of the decay suggests an effective viscosity of 10</span><sup>19</sup><span>&nbsp;to 10</span><sup>20</sup><span>&nbsp;Pa s pertains in the volcanic spreading of Hawaii's flanks. The rapid decline in earthquake rate poses questions for seismic hazard estimates in an area that is cited as one of the most hazardous in the United States.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2007JB005411","usgsCitation":"Klein, F.W., and Wright, T., 2008, Exponential decline of aftershocks of the M7.9 1868 great Kau earthquake, Hawaii, through the 20th century: Journal of Geophysical Research - Solid Earth, v. 113, B09310, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JB005411.","productDescription":"B09310, 11 p.","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":384843,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -156.68701171875,\n              18.750309813140653\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.1162109375,\n              18.750309813140653\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.1162109375,\n              20.46818922264095\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.68701171875,\n              20.46818922264095\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.68701171875,\n              18.750309813140653\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"113","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-09-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klein, Fred W. klein@usgs.gov","contributorId":4417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klein","given":"Fred","email":"klein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":793752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, Thomas L. twright@usgs.gov","contributorId":3890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Thomas L.","email":"twright@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":793753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":85853,"text":"ofr20081127 - 2008 - Influence of the Houma Navigation Canal on Salinity Patterns and Landscape Configuration in Coastal Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:26","indexId":"ofr20081127","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1127","title":"Influence of the Houma Navigation Canal on Salinity Patterns and Landscape Configuration in Coastal Louisiana","docAbstract":"Coastal Louisiana is a dynamic and ever changing landscape. From 1956 to 2004, over 297,000 ha of Louisiana's coastal wetlands were lost because of the effects of natural and human-induced activities. Studies show that, in 2005, Hurricanes Katrina and Rita transformed over 56,200 ha of wetlands to open water in various parts of coastal Louisiana. Besides the catastrophic hurricanes, factors such as subsidence, sea-level rise, freshwater and sediment deprivation, saltwater intrusion, the dredging of oil and gas canals, navigation canals, shoreline erosion, and herbivory are all contributors to wetland loss in Louisiana. Various scientific literatures have well described the direct impacts associated with an immediate physical conversion of habitat in coastal Louisiana; however, the indirect impacts that are subtle and operate over longer time horizons (such as salinity intrusion) have been difficult to discern. In this report, long-term influences on salinity patterns and landscape configuration are evaluated for pre- and postconstruction periods of the Houma Navigation Canal (HNC), which is located in the coastal region of southeastern Louisiana.\r\n\r\nAnalysis of daily and hourly salinity data from long-term data collection stations within the areas surrounding the HNC indicated that there were no obvious patterns in increasing salinity levels following the completion of the canal, except for the immediate increase in salinity spikes that occurred toward the completion of its construction in 1961. Increases in salinity spikes were also observed during a severe drought in 1999-2000. Data from Bayou Grand Caillou at Dulac, however, show a longer term trend of increasing salinity levels, which is similar to the pattern observed at the Houma Water Treatment Plant. A potential explanation for these patterns is based on the dredging history of the HNC, where dates of maintenance dredging correspond fairly closely to the salinity peaks in Bayou Grand Caillou and the canal. It appears that the dredging events opened up a deeper route from the canal to Crozier and into Grand Bayou Caillou, but it also may be a result of the general breakup of the marsh in the adjacent area, which resulted in greater exchange of bay water and subsequently higher salinity levels. Although the available salinity data were insufficient to conduct statistical correlations, there was close agreement between salinity changes and specific dredging events of the HNC.\r\n\r\nA procedure for analyzing marsh landscapes, which utilizes the FRAGSTATS landscape statistical application and a two-part marsh classification system, was developed as a means of determining the connectivity and configuration of marsh and water patches within the study area. Individual landscape metrics were used to determine the percentage and rate of land change and the shifts in density, shape, and cohesiveness of water within the marsh. Wetland loss rates for coastal Louisiana and Terrebonne basin were compared to the long- and short-term loss rates of the Houma Navigation Canal study area that were quantified by using the FRAGSTATS landscape analysis method. These results suggest that the canal study area was losing land at a significantly faster rate than both the marshes of coastal Louisiana (over all periods) and the other highly degraded neighboring marshes within Terrebonne basin. Overall, 37 percent (17,625 ha) of the project area marsh was lost between 1958 and 1998.\r\nAs a means of quantifying the distance and degree of influence that the HNC had on marsh degradation, a 3-km interval buffer array and comparable years of vegetation data were used to describe the changes in primary metric values across the three project dates (1958, 1968/69, and 1998). The patterns across landscape metrics varied, and it was difficult to discern direct relationships based on proximity to the canal. Even though the canal may have an influence on marsh degradation, these analyses show that the degree and d","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081127","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Minerals Management Service, Gulf of Mexico Outer Continental Shelf Region","usgsCitation":"Steyer, G.D., Sasser, C., Evers, E., Swenson, E., Suir, G., and Sapkota, S., 2008, Influence of the Houma Navigation Canal on Salinity Patterns and Landscape Configuration in Coastal Louisiana (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1127, viii, 190 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081127.","productDescription":"viii, 190 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195812,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11595,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1127/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66db4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steyer, Gregory D. 0000-0001-7231-0110 steyerg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7231-0110","contributorId":2856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steyer","given":"Gregory","email":"steyerg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":5064,"text":"Southeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5062,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sasser, Charles","contributorId":93999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sasser","given":"Charles","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evers, Elaine","contributorId":80775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evers","given":"Elaine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swenson, Erick","contributorId":67617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swenson","given":"Erick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Suir, Glenn","contributorId":56331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suir","given":"Glenn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sapkota, Sijan sapkotas@usgs.gov","contributorId":2995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sapkota","given":"Sijan","email":"sapkotas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":85863,"text":"cir1323 - 2008 - Ground-water availability in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-26T15:10:03.925238","indexId":"cir1323","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1323","title":"Ground-water availability in the United States","docAbstract":"Ground water is among the Nation's most important natural resources. It provides half our drinking water and is essential to the vitality of agriculture and industry, as well as to the health of rivers, wetlands, and estuaries throughout the country. Large-scale development of ground-water resources with accompanying declines in ground-water levels and other effects of pumping has led to concerns about the future availability of ground water to meet domestic, agricultural, industrial, and environmental needs. The challenges in determining ground-water availability are many. This report examines what is known about the Nation's ground-water availability and outlines a program of study by the U.S. Geological Survey Ground-Water Resources Program to improve our understanding of ground-water availability in major aquifers across the Nation. The approach is designed to provide useful regional information for State and local agencies who manage ground-water resources, while providing the building blocks for a national assessment. The report is written for a wide audience interested or involved in the management, protection, and sustainable use of the Nation's water resources.","language":"English","publisher":"United States","doi":"10.3133/cir1323","usgsCitation":"Reilly, T.E., Dennehy, K.F., Alley, W., and Cunningham, W.L., 2008, Ground-water availability in the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1323, vi, 70 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1323.","productDescription":"vi, 70 p.","costCenters":[{"id":327,"text":"Groundwater Resources Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195028,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11605,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1323/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n     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,{"id":85858,"text":"sir20085111 - 2008 - Temporal and spatial variations in precipitation, streamflow, suspended-sediment loads and yields, and land-condition trend analysis at the U.S. Army Piñon Canyon Maneuver Site, Las Animas County, Colorado, 1983 through 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-24T21:43:36.072525","indexId":"sir20085111","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5111","title":"Temporal and spatial variations in precipitation, streamflow, suspended-sediment loads and yields, and land-condition trend analysis at the U.S. Army Piñon Canyon Maneuver Site, Las Animas County, Colorado, 1983 through 2007","docAbstract":"In 2007, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of the Army, began an assessment of the spatial and temporal variations in precipitation, streamflow, suspended-sediment loads and yields, changes in land condition, effects of the tributaries on the Purgatoire River and the possible relation of effects from military training to hydrology and land conditions that have occurred at Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site (PCMS) from 1983 through 2007. Data were collected for precipitation (19 stations) and streamflow and sediment load (5 tributary and 2 main-stem Purgatoire River stations) during 1983 through 2007 for various time periods. The five tributary stations were Van Bremer Arroyo near Model, Taylor Arroyo below Rock Crossing, Lockwood Canyon Creek near Thatcher, Red Rock Canyon Creek at the mouth, and Bent Canyon Creek at the mouth. In addition, data were collected at two Purgatoire River stations: Purgatoire River near Thatcher and Purgatoire River at Rock Crossing.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20085111","usgsCitation":"Stevens, M.R., Dupree, J., and Kuzmiak, J., 2008, Temporal and spatial variations in precipitation, streamflow, suspended-sediment loads and yields, and land-condition trend analysis at the U.S. Army Piñon Canyon Maneuver Site, Las Animas County, Colorado, 1983 through 2007: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5111, vii, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085111.","productDescription":"vii, 46 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1983-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121212,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2008_5111.gif"},{"id":392115,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_84089.htm"},{"id":11600,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5111/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Las Animas County","otherGeospatial":"U.S. Army Pinion Canyon Maneuver Site","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -104.1667,\n              37.3333\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.5792,\n              37.3333\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.5792,\n              37.6667\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.1667,\n              37.6667\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.1667,\n              37.3333\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db685689","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stevens, M. R.","contributorId":25178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dupree, J.","contributorId":17329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dupree","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuzmiak, J. M.","contributorId":46548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuzmiak","given":"J. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":85860,"text":"sir20085092 - 2008 - Water Levels and Selected Water-Quality Conditions in the Mississippi River Valley Alluvial Aquifer in Eastern Arkansas, 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:49","indexId":"sir20085092","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5092","title":"Water Levels and Selected Water-Quality Conditions in the Mississippi River Valley Alluvial Aquifer in Eastern Arkansas, 2006","docAbstract":"During the spring of 2006, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Arkansas Natural Resource Commission and the Arkansas Geological Survey, measured water levels in 707 wells completed in the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer in eastern Arkansas. Ground-water levels are affected by ground-water withdrawals resulting in depressions. In 2006, the lowest water-level altitude was 76 feet above the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 in the center of Arkansas County. The highest water-level altitude was 289 feet above the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 in northeastern Clay County on the west side of Crowleys Ridge. Two large depressions in the potentiometric surface are located in Arkansas, Lonoke, and Prairie Counties and west of Crowleys Ridge in Craighead, Cross, Lee, Monroe, Poinsett, St. Francis, and Woodruff Counties. \r\n\r\nThe elongated depression in Arkansas, Lonoke, and Prairie Counties has changed in areal extent or depth when compared to previous conditions of the aquifer. The area in Arkansas County at the southeastern half of the depression has not expanded horizontally during recent years, although the center of the depression has deepened. The area in Lonoke and Prairie Counties in the northwestern half of the depression has expanded horizontally in the deeper part of the depression. The 90-foot contour has expanded north and east in Lonoke County when compared with the 2004 potentiometric surface. Along the west side of Crowleys Ridge the 2006 potentiometric-surface map shows very little change in the area of this depression, although the deeper areas within the depression have expanded. \r\n\r\nA map showing the difference in water level was constructed using 645 differences in water-levels measured in 633 wells during 2002 and 2006. The difference in measured water levels from 2002 to 2006 ranged from -24.0 feet to 25.0 feet, with a mean of -2.0 feet. The largest decline of -24.0 feet occurred in Poinsett County and the largest rise of 25.0 feet occurred in Randolph County. Out of the 645 differences, 481 were declines (74.6 percent), 12 were no difference (values of 0.0 ft) (1.8 percent), and 152 were rises (23.6 percent). \r\n\r\nLong-term water-level trends were evaluated using hydrographs from 152 wells completed in the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer for the period 1982 to 2006. The mean annual rise or decline in water level for the entire study area was -0.32 feet per year with a range of -1.28 to 0.77 feet per year. Independence and White Counties are the only counties with a mean annual rise from 1982 to 2006. Mean annual declines between -0.50 feet per year and 0.00 feet per year occurred in Arkansas, Ashley, Chicot, Clay, Craighead, Crittenden, Drew, Jefferson, Lee, Mississippi, Monroe, Phillips, Poinsett, Prairie, Pulaski, Randolph, and Woodruff Counties. Mean annual declines between -1.00 feet per year and -0.50 feet per year occurred in Cross, Desha, Greene, Jackson, Lincoln, Lonoke, and St. Francis Counties. \r\n\r\nThe analysis of long-term water-level changes in Arkansas, Lonoke, and Prairie Counties shows the elongation of the depression in these three counties. Both Arkansas and Prairie Counties have two different rates of annual decline for the two hydrographs shown for each county. Water levels in the two wells near the Arkansas and White Rivers either have risen or declined at a slower rate than in the three wells in the center, northern, and western part of the depression. These rates of water-level change indicate that this depression is expanding in an elongated direction north and west into Lonoke and Prairie Counties. The depression west of Crowleys Ridge has five wells with hydrographs in or near the depression that can be used to characterize the rates of water-level change within the depression. \r\n\r\nWater samples were collected from 65 wells completed in the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer and measured onsite for specific conductance and tempera","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20085092","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Arkansas Natural Resources Commission and the Arkansas Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Schrader, T., 2008, Water Levels and Selected Water-Quality Conditions in the Mississippi River Valley Alluvial Aquifer in Eastern Arkansas, 2006 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5092, iv, 75 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085092.","productDescription":"iv, 75 p.","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121213,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2008_5092.jpg"},{"id":11602,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5092/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95,33 ], [ -95,36.5 ], [ -89.5,36.5 ], [ -89.5,33 ], [ -95,33 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48e4e4b07f02db54fb52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schrader, T.P.","contributorId":56300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schrader","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":85862,"text":"ofr20061260D - 2008 - Surficial Geologic Map of the Worcester North-Oxford- Wrentham-Attleboro Nine-Quadrangle Area in South- Central Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:46","indexId":"ofr20061260D","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1260","chapter":"D","title":"Surficial Geologic Map of the Worcester North-Oxford- Wrentham-Attleboro Nine-Quadrangle Area in South- Central Massachusetts","docAbstract":"The surficial geologic map layer shows the distribution of nonlithified earth materials at land surface in an area of nine 7.5-minute quadrangles (417 mi2 total) in south-central Massachusetts (fig. 1). Across Massachusetts, these materials range from a few feet to more than 500 ft in thickness. They overlie bedrock, which crops out in upland hills and in resistant ledges in valley areas. The geologic map differentiates surficial materials of Quaternary age on the basis of their lithologic characteristics (such as grain size and sedimentary structures), constructional geomorphic features, stratigraphic relationships, and age. Surficial materials also are known in engineering classifications as unconsolidated soils, which include coarse-grained soils, fine-grained soils, or organic fine-grained soils. Surficial materials underlie and are the parent materials of modern pedogenic soils, which have developed in them at the land surface. Surficial earth materials significantly affect human use of the land, and an accurate description of their distribution is particularly important for water resources, construction aggregate resources, earth-surface hazards assessments, and land-use decisions.\r\nThe mapped distribution of surficial materials that lie between the land surface and the bedrock surface is based on detailed geologic mapping of 7.5-minute topographic quadrangles, produced as part of an earlier (1938-1982) cooperative statewide mapping program between the\r\nU.S. Geological Survey and the Massachusetts Department of Public Works (now Massachusetts Highway Department) (Page, 1967; Stone, 1982). Each published geologic map presents a detailed description of local geologic map units, the genesis of the deposits, and age correlations among units. Previously unpublished field compilation maps exist on paper or mylar sheets and these have been digitally rendered for the present map compilation. Regional summaries based on the Massachusetts surficial geologic mapping studies discuss the ages of multiple glaciations, the nature of glaciofluvial, glaciolacustrine, and glaciomarine deposits, and the processes of ice advance and retreat across Massachusetts (Koteff and Pessl, 1981; papers in Larson and Stone, 1982; Oldale and Barlow, 1986; Stone and Borns, 1986; Warren and Stone, 1986).\r\nThis compilation of surficial geologic materials is an interim product that defines the areas of exposed bedrock and the boundaries between glacial till, glacial stratified deposits, and overlying postglacial deposits. This work is part of a comprehensive study to produce a statewide digital map of the surficial geology at a 1:24,000-scale level of accuracy. This surficial geologic map layer covering nine quadrangles revises previous digital surficial geologic maps (Stone and others, 1993; MassGIS, 1999) that were compiled on base maps at regional scales of 1:125,000 and 1:250,000. The purpose of this study is to provide fundamental geologic data for the evaluation of natural resources, hazards, and land information within the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061260D","isbn":"9781411320499","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Office of the State Geologist and Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs","usgsCitation":"Stone, B.D., Stone, J.R., and DiGiacomo-Cohen, M.L., 2008, Surficial Geologic Map of the Worcester North-Oxford- Wrentham-Attleboro Nine-Quadrangle Area in South- Central Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1260, Report: iii, 13 p.; Maps; GIS Files; Metadata; TIFs; ReadMe, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061260D.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 13 p.; Maps; GIS Files; Metadata; TIFs; ReadMe","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195813,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11604,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1260/D/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.5,41.25 ], [ -73.5,42.916666666666664 ], [ -69.91666666666667,42.916666666666664 ], [ -69.91666666666667,41.25 ], [ -73.5,41.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db68956f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stone, Byron D. 0000-0001-6092-0798 bdstone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6092-0798","contributorId":1702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Byron","email":"bdstone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stone, Janet Radway jrstone@usgs.gov","contributorId":1695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Janet","email":"jrstone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Radway","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DiGiacomo-Cohen, Mary L.","contributorId":45253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DiGiacomo-Cohen","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":85852,"text":"ofr20081239 - 2008 - Genetics Show Current Decline and Pleistocene Expansion in Northern Spotted Owls","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:24","indexId":"ofr20081239","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1239","title":"Genetics Show Current Decline and Pleistocene Expansion in Northern Spotted Owls","docAbstract":"The northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) is one of the most controversial threatened subspecies ever listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Because of concern for persistence of the subspecies, logging on Federal lands in the U.S. Pacific Northwest was dramatically reduced under the Northwest Forest Plan in 1994. Despite protection of its remaining forest habitat, recent field studies show continued demographic declines of northern spotted owls. One potential threat to northern spotted owls that has not yet been shown is loss of genetic variation from population bottlenecks that can increase inbreeding depression and decrease adaptive potential. Here, we show recent genetic bottlenecks in northern spotted owls using a large genetic dataset (352 individuals from across the subspecies' range and 11 microsatellite loci). The signature of bottlenecks was strongest in Washington State, in agreement with field data. Interestingly, we also found a genetic signature of Pleistocene expansion in the same study areas where recent bottlenecks were shown. Our results provide independent evidence that northern spotted owls have recently declined, and suggest that loss of genetic variation is an emerging threat to the subspecies' persistence. Reduced effective population size (Ne), shown here in addition to field evidence for demographic decline, highlights the increasing vulnerability of this bird to extinction.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081239","usgsCitation":"Funk, W.C., Forsman, E.D., Mullins, T., and Haig, S.M., 2008, Genetics Show Current Decline and Pleistocene Expansion in Northern Spotted Owls: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1239, iv, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081239.","productDescription":"iv, 13 p.","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195487,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11594,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1239/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aea98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Funk, W. Chris 0000-0002-9254-6718","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-6718","contributorId":97589,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Funk","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Chris","affiliations":[{"id":6998,"text":"Department of Biology, Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":296567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Forsman, Eric D.","contributorId":96792,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Forsman","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mullins, Thomas D.","contributorId":12819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullins","given":"Thomas D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haig, Susan M. 0000-0002-6616-7589 susan_haig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-7589","contributorId":719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haig","given":"Susan","email":"susan_haig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":85854,"text":"ofr20081228 - 2008 - Newly discovered Paleocene and Eocene rocks near Fairfield, California, and correlation with rocks in Vaca Valley and the so-called Martinez Formation or Stage","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-04T11:19:59","indexId":"ofr20081228","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1228","title":"Newly discovered Paleocene and Eocene rocks near Fairfield, California, and correlation with rocks in Vaca Valley and the so-called Martinez Formation or Stage","docAbstract":"Discovery of a 3-foot thick sandstone bed with abundant Turritellid gastropods of late Paleocene age about 4 miles northeast of Fairfield and on the southwest flank of Cement Hill, Solano County provides an opportunity to reevaluate the relationships of lower Tertiary formations in this part of California. Cement Hill is named for travertine deposits in and on top of sandstone of Late Cretaceous age. In this report, the current study area where the Paleocene fossils were recently discovered is referred to as lower Cement Hill and is located in section 7 of the U.S. Geological Survey Fairfield North 7.5-minute quadrangle, Township 5 North, Range 1 West. Lower Cement Hill is about 23 miles north of the so-called Martinez 'formation' or stage area (Weaver and others, 1941) of late Paleocene age near Martinez. The Martinez 'formation' and stage have played a significant role in the development of early Tertiary stratigraphy in this part of California. The discovery of correlative rocks at Cement Hill was unsuspected and may be helpful in defining the extent of this so-called formation or stage.\r\n\r\nCoccolith identification and correlations are by David Bukry, foraminifer identifications and correlations by Alvin Almgren and Kristin McDougall, gastropod identification and correlation by LouElla Saul, and Radiolaria identifications and correlations are by Annika Sanfilippo.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081228","usgsCitation":"Brabb, E.E., Ristau, D., Bukry, D., McDougall, K., Almgren, A.A., Saul, L., and Sanfilippo, A., 2008, Newly discovered Paleocene and Eocene rocks near Fairfield, California, and correlation with rocks in Vaca Valley and the so-called Martinez Formation or Stage: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1228, iii, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081228.","productDescription":"iii, 29 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":647,"text":"Western Earth Surface Processes","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195274,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11596,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1228/of2008-1228.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States ","state":"California ","county":"Solano County ","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.5,37.6 ], [ -122.5,39 ], [ -121.3,39 ], [ -121.3,37.6 ], [ -122.5,37.6 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db697533","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brabb, Earl E.","contributorId":48939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabb","given":"Earl","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ristau, Donn","contributorId":101342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ristau","given":"Donn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bukry, David 0000-0003-4540-890X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4540-890X","contributorId":30980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bukry","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McDougall, Kristin 0000-0002-8788-3664","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8788-3664","contributorId":85610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDougall","given":"Kristin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Almgren, Alvin A.","contributorId":84026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Almgren","given":"Alvin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Saul, LouElla","contributorId":16941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saul","given":"LouElla","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sanfilippo, Annika","contributorId":69259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanfilippo","given":"Annika","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":85861,"text":"ofr20081163 - 2008 - Data to support statistical modeling of instream nutrient load based on watershed attributes, southeastern United States, 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T16:32:41","indexId":"ofr20081163","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1163","title":"Data to support statistical modeling of instream nutrient load based on watershed attributes, southeastern United States, 2002","docAbstract":"This report presents and describes the digital datasets that characterize nutrient source inputs, environmental characteristics, and instream nutrient loads for the purpose of calibrating and applying a nutrient water-quality model for the southeastern United States for 2002. The model area includes all of the river basins draining to the south Atlantic and the eastern Gulf of Mexico, as well as the Tennessee River basin (referred to collectively as the SAGT area). The water-quality model SPARROW (SPAtially-Referenced Regression On Watershed attributes), developed by the U.S. Geological Survey, uses a regression equation to describe the relation between watershed attributes (predictors) and measured instream loads (response). Watershed attributes that are considered to describe nutrient input conditions and are tested in the SPARROW model for the SAGT area as source variables include atmospheric deposition, fertilizer application to farmland, manure from livestock production, permitted wastewater discharge, and land cover. Watershed and channel attributes that are considered to affect rates of nutrient transport from land to water and are tested in the SAGT SPARROW model as nutrient-transport variables include characteristics of soil, landform, climate, reach time of travel, and reservoir hydraulic loading. Datasets with estimates of each of these attributes for each individual reach or catchment in the reach-catchment network are presented in this report, along with descriptions of methods used to produce them. \n\nMeasurements of nutrient water quality at stream monitoring sites from a combination of monitoring programs were used to develop observations of the response variable - mean annual nitrogen or phosphorus load - in the SPARROW regression equation. Instream load of nitrogen and phosphorus was estimated using bias-corrected log-linear regression models using the program Fluxmaster, which provides temporally detrended estimates of long-term mean load well-suited for spatial comparisons. The detrended, or normalized, estimates of load are useful for regional-scale assessments but should be used with caution for local-scale interpretations, for which use of loads estimated for actual time periods and employing more detailed regression analysis is suggested. The mean value of the nitrogen yield estimates, normalized to 2002, for 637 stations in the SAGT area is 4.7 kilograms per hectare; the mean value of nitrogen flow-weighted mean concentration is 1.2 milligrams per liter. The mean value of the phosphorus yield estimates, normalized to 2002, for the 747 stations in the SAGT area is 0.66 kilogram per hectare; the mean value of phosphorus flow-weighted mean concentration is 0.17 milligram per liter.\n\nNutrient conditions measured in streams affected by substantial influx or outflux of water and nutrient mass across surface-water basin divides do not reflect nutrient source and transport conditions in the topographic watershed; therefore, inclusion of such streams in the SPARROW modeling approach is considered inappropriate. River basins identified with this concern include south Florida (where surface-water flow paths have been extensively altered) and the Oklawaha, Crystal, Lower Sante Fe, Lower Suwanee, St. Marks, and Chipola River basins in central and northern Florida (where flow exchange with the underlying regional aquifer may represent substantial nitrogen influx to and outflux from the surface-water basins).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081163","usgsCitation":"Hoos, A.B., Terziotti, S., McMahon, G., Savvas, K., Tighe, K., and Alkons-Wolinsky, R., 2008, Data to support statistical modeling of instream nutrient load based on watershed attributes, southeastern United States, 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1163, Report: viii, 51 p.; Data (ZIP), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081163.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 51 p.; Data (ZIP)","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195273,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11603,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1163/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92,25 ], [ -92,40 ], [ -75,40 ], [ -75,25 ], [ -92,25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679c48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoos, Anne B. abhoos@usgs.gov","contributorId":2236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoos","given":"Anne","email":"abhoos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":296602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Terziotti, Silvia 0000-0003-3559-5844 seterzio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3559-5844","contributorId":1613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terziotti","given":"Silvia","email":"seterzio@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McMahon, Gerard 0000-0001-7675-777X gmcmahon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7675-777X","contributorId":191488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"Gerard","email":"gmcmahon@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":565,"text":"Southeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Savvas, Katerina","contributorId":107390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savvas","given":"Katerina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tighe, Kirsten C.","contributorId":99930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tighe","given":"Kirsten C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Alkons-Wolinsky, Ruth","contributorId":55921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alkons-Wolinsky","given":"Ruth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":85855,"text":"sir20085113 - 2008 - Update of the Accounting Surface Along the Lower Colorado River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:42","indexId":"sir20085113","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5113","title":"Update of the Accounting Surface Along the Lower Colorado River","docAbstract":"The accounting-surface method was developed in the 1990s by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation, to identify wells outside the flood plain of the lower Colorado River that yield water that will be replaced by water from the river. This method was needed to identify which wells require an entitlement for diversion of water from the Colorado River and need to be included in accounting for consumptive use of Colorado River water as outlined in the Consolidated Decree of the United States Supreme Court in Arizona v. California. The method is based on the concept of a river aquifer and an accounting surface within the river aquifer. The study area includes the valley adjacent to the lower Colorado River and parts of some adjacent valleys in Arizona, California, Nevada, and Utah and extends from the east end of Lake Mead south to the southerly international boundary with Mexico. Contours for the original accounting surface were hand drawn based on the shape of the aquifer, water-surface elevations in the Colorado River and drainage ditches, and hydrologic judgment. This report documents an update of the original accounting surface based on updated water-surface elevations in the Colorado River and drainage ditches and the use of simple, physically based ground-water flow models to calculate the accounting surface in four areas adjacent to the free-flowing river.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20085113","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Wiele, S.M., Leake, S.A., Owen-Joyce, S.J., and McGuire, E.H., 2008, Update of the Accounting Surface Along the Lower Colorado River (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5113, Report: iv, 16 p.; Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085113.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 16 p.; Appendixes","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190847,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11597,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5113/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116,32 ], [ -116,37.5 ], [ -113,37.5 ], [ -113,32 ], [ -116,32 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49a0e4b07f02db5bd613","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiele, Stephen M. smwiele@usgs.gov","contributorId":2199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiele","given":"Stephen","email":"smwiele@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leake, Stanley A. 0000-0003-3568-2542 saleake@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3568-2542","contributorId":1846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leake","given":"Stanley","email":"saleake@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Owen-Joyce, Sandra J. 0000-0002-4400-5618 sjowen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4400-5618","contributorId":5215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owen-Joyce","given":"Sandra","email":"sjowen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":296583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGuire, Emmet H.","contributorId":75639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"Emmet","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":85856,"text":"sir20085090 - 2008 - Evolution of deformation studies on active Hawaiian volcanoes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-06T10:10:23","indexId":"sir20085090","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5090","title":"Evolution of deformation studies on active Hawaiian volcanoes","docAbstract":"<p>Everything responds to pressure, even rocks. Deformation studies involve measuring and interpreting the changes in elevations and horizontal positions of the land surface or sea floor. These studies are variously referred to as geodetic changes or ground-surface deformations and are sometimes indexed under the general heading of geodesy. Deformation studies have been particularly useful on active volcanoes and in active tectonic areas. A great amount of time and energy has been spent on measuring geodetic changes on Kilauea and Mauna Loa Volcanoes in Hawai`i. These changes include the build-up of the surface by the piling up and ponding of lava flows, the changes in the surface caused by erosion, and the uplift, subsidence, and horizontal displacements of the surface caused by internal processes acting beneath the surface. It is these latter changes that are the principal concern of this review. A complete and objective review of deformation studies on active Hawaiian volcanoes would take many volumes. Instead, we attempt to follow the evolution of the most significant observations and interpretations in a roughly chronological way. It is correct to say that this is a subjective review. We have spent years measuring and recording deformation changes on these great volcanoes and more years trying to understand what makes these changes occur. We attempt to make this a balanced as well as a subjective review; the references are also selective rather than exhaustive. Geodetic changes caused by internal geologic processes vary in magnitude from the nearly infinitesimal - one micron or less, to the very large - hundreds of meters. Their apparent causes also are varied and include changes in material properties and composition, atmospheric pressure, tidal stress, thermal stress, subsurface-fluid pressure (including magma pressure, magma intrusion, or magma removal), gravity, and tectonic stress. Deformation is measured in units of strain or displacement. For example, tilt of the ground surface on the rim of Kilauea Caldera is measured in microradians, a strain unit that gives the change in angle from some reference. The direction in which the tilt is measured must be defined - north or south, or some direction normal to the maximum changes. For displacements related to surface faulting, the changes are normally given in linear measures of offset. Changes in the diameter of a caldera can be given in either displacements or strain units. In the later case, the displacement divided by the 'original' diameter gives the strain ratio. Strains are dimensionless numbers; displacements have the dimensions of length. Vectors commonly are used to show the direction and amount of displacements in plan view. Strain results from stress. It can be elastic strain, when the strain is linearly related to stress and is recoverable; it can be viscous strain, where the rate of strain is proportional to the stress and is not recoverable; or it can be plastic strain that is often some complex stress-strain relationship, for example, elastic up to some yield strength and viscous beyond. Volcanic rocks are brittle when cold and under near-surface pressures but plastic to viscous under higher temperature and pressure regimes. It is important in deformation studies to try to define the nature of the strain and the rheology of the rocks being deformed. A good text on rheology is 'The Structure and Rheology of Complex Fluids' by R.G. Larson, 1999. Under changing tensional or compressional stresses, tiny cracks in brittle rocks may open or close, causing a quasielastic strain response. If the stresses exceed the breaking strength of the rock, brittle failure occurs, and the stress-strain relationship breaks down.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20085090","usgsCitation":"Decker, R.W., Okamura, A., Miklius, A., and Poland, M.P., 2008, Evolution of deformation studies on active Hawaiian volcanoes (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5090, vi, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085090.","productDescription":"vi, 23 p.","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195182,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11598,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5090/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155.5,19 ], [ -155.5,19.75 ], [ -154.75,19.75 ], [ -154.75,19 ], [ -155.5,19 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f993a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Decker, Robert W.","contributorId":81584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Decker","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Okamura, Arnold","contributorId":75241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okamura","given":"Arnold","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miklius, Asta 0000-0002-2286-1886 asta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2286-1886","contributorId":2060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miklius","given":"Asta","email":"asta@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":146118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":85857,"text":"ofr20081240 - 2008 - Landscape Features Shape Genetic Structure in Threatened Northern Spotted Owls","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:32","indexId":"ofr20081240","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1240","title":"Landscape Features Shape Genetic Structure in Threatened Northern Spotted Owls","docAbstract":"Several recent studies have shown that landscape features can strongly affect spatial patterns of gene flow and genetic variation. Understanding landscape effects on genetic variation is important in conservation for defining management units and understanding movement patterns. The landscape may have little effect on gene flow, however, in highly mobile species such as birds. We tested for genetic breaks associated with landscape features in the northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina), a threatened subspecies associated with old forests in the U.S. Pacific Northwest and extreme southwestern Canada. We found little evidence for distinct genetic breaks in northern spotted owls using a large microsatellite dataset (352 individuals from across the subspecies' range genotyped at 10 loci). Nonetheless, dry low-elevation valleys and the Cascade and Olympic Mountains restrict gene flow, while the Oregon Coast Range facilitates it. The wide Columbia River is not a barrier to gene flow. In addition, inter-individual genetic distance and latitude were negatively related, likely reflecting northward colonization following Pleistocene glacial recession. Our study shows that landscape features may play an important role in shaping patterns of genetic variation in highly vagile taxa such as birds.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081240","usgsCitation":"Funk, W.C., Forsman, E.D., Mullins, T., and Haig, S.M., 2008, Landscape Features Shape Genetic Structure in Threatened Northern Spotted Owls: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1240, iv, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081240.","productDescription":"iv, 13 p.","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195038,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11599,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1240/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b20e4b07f02db6abb06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Funk, W. Chris 0000-0002-9254-6718","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-6718","contributorId":97589,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Funk","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Chris","affiliations":[{"id":6998,"text":"Department of Biology, Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":296592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Forsman, Eric D.","contributorId":96792,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Forsman","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mullins, Thomas D.","contributorId":12819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullins","given":"Thomas D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haig, Susan M. 0000-0002-6616-7589 susan_haig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-7589","contributorId":719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haig","given":"Susan","email":"susan_haig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":85859,"text":"sir20085104 - 2008 - Peak-flow frequency estimates based on data through water year 2001 for selected streamflow-gaging stations in South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-14T12:29:08","indexId":"sir20085104","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5104","title":"Peak-flow frequency estimates based on data through water year 2001 for selected streamflow-gaging stations in South Dakota","docAbstract":"Numerous users, including the South Dakota Department of Transportation, have continuing needs for peak-flow information for the design of highway infrastructure and many other purposes. This report documents results from a cooperative study between the South Dakota Department of Transportation and the U.S. Geological Survey to provide an update of peak-flow frequency estimates for South Dakota.\r\n\r\nEstimates of peak-flow magnitudes for 2-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, 100-, 200-, and 500-year recurrence intervals are reported for 272 streamflow-gaging stations, which include most gaging stations in South Dakota with 10 or more years of systematic peak-flow records through water year 2001. Recommended procedures described in Bulletin 17B were used as primary guidelines for developing peak-flow frequency estimates. The computer program PEAKFQ developed by the U.S. Geological Survey was used to run the frequency analyses. Flood frequencies for all stations were initially analyzed by using standard Bulletin 17B default procedures for fitting the log-Pearson III distribution. The resulting preliminary frequency curves were then plotted on a log-probability scale, and fits of the curves with systematic data were evaluated. In many cases, results of the default Bulletin 17B analyses were determined to be satisfactory. In other cases, however, the results could be improved by using various alternative procedures for frequency analysis.\r\n\r\nAlternative procedures for some stations included adjustments to skew coefficients or use of user-defined low-outlier criteria. Peak-flow records for many gaging stations are strongly influenced by low- or zero-flow values. This situation often results in a frequency curve that plots substantially above the systematic record data points at the upper end of the frequency curve. Adjustments to low-outlier criteria reduced the influence of very small peak flows and generally focused the analyses on the upper parts of the frequency curves (10- to 500-year recurrence intervals).\r\n\r\nThe most common alternative procedures involved several different methods to extend systematic records, which was done primarily to address biases resulting from nonrepresentative climatic conditions during several specific periods of record and to reduce inconsistencies among multiple gaging stations along common stream channels with different periods of record. In some cases, records for proximal stations could be combined directly. In other cases, the two-station comparison procedure recommended in Bulletin 17B was used to adjust the mean and standard deviation of the logs of the systematic data for a target station on the basis of correlation with concurrent records from a nearby long-term index station. In some other cases, a 'mixed-station procedure' was used to adjust the log-distributional parameters for a target station, on the basis of correlation with one or more index stations, for the purpose of fitting the log-Pearson III distribution.\r\n\r\nHistorical adjustment procedures were applied to peak-flow frequency analyses for 17 South Dakota gaging stations. A historical adjustment period extending back to 1881 (121 years) was used for 12 gaging stations in the James and Big Sioux River Basins, and various other adjustment periods were used for additional stations. Large peak flows that occurred in 1969 and 1997 accounted for 13 of the 17 historical adjustments. Other years for which historical peak flows were used include 1957, 1962, 1992, and 2001.\r\n\r\nA regional mixed-population analysis was developed to address complications associated with many high outliers for the Black Hills region. This analysis included definition of two populations of flood events. The population of flood events that composes the main body of peak flows for a given station is considered the 'ordinary-peaks population,' and the population of unusually large peak flows that plot substantially above the main body of peak flows on log-probability scale is co","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085104","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the South Dakota Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Sando, S.K., Driscoll, D.G., and Parrett, C., 2008, Peak-flow frequency estimates based on data through water year 2001 for selected streamflow-gaging stations in South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5104, Report: xii, 42 p.; Appendixes; Table 8 Spreadsheet, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085104.","productDescription":"Report: xii, 42 p.; Appendixes; Table 8 Spreadsheet","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194489,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11601,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5104/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.25,42 ], [ -104.25,46 ], [ -96,46 ], [ -96,42 ], [ -104.25,42 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db688991","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sando, Steven K. 0000-0003-1206-1030 sksando@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1206-1030","contributorId":1016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sando","given":"Steven","email":"sksando@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Driscoll, Daniel G. dgdrisco@usgs.gov","contributorId":1558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driscoll","given":"Daniel","email":"dgdrisco@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parrett, Charles","contributorId":9635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrett","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70236462,"text":"70236462 - 2008 - Solute transport along stream and river networks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-07T16:16:21.795352","indexId":"70236462","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-20T11:08:12","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"18","title":"Solute transport along stream and river networks","docAbstract":"<p>This chapter contains sections titled:</p><ul class=\"unordered-list\"><li><p>Introduction</p></li><li><p>Review of current knowledge</p></li><li><p>Linking transport processes with the fluvial geomorphic template</p></li><li><p>Forward-looking perspective</p></li><li><p>Acknowledgements</p></li><li><p>References</p></li></ul>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"River confluences, tributaries and the fluvial network","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/9780470760383.ch18","usgsCitation":"Gooseff, M.N., Bencala, K.E., and Wondzell, S.M., 2008, Solute transport along stream and river networks, chap. 18 <i>of</i> River confluences, tributaries and the fluvial network, p. 395-417, https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470760383.ch18.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"395","endPage":"417","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":406322,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-09-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rice, Stephen P.","contributorId":296273,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rice","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":851104,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roy, Andre G.","contributorId":146916,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roy","given":"Andre","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":851105,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rhoads, Bruce L.","contributorId":20248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rhoads","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":851106,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Gooseff, Michael N.","contributorId":191367,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gooseff","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":851101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bencala, Kenneth E. kbencala@usgs.gov","contributorId":1541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbencala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":851102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wondzell, Steven M","contributorId":243617,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wondzell","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":36493,"text":"USDA Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":851103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":85848,"text":"sir20085053 - 2008 - Water quality, hydrology, and simulated response to changes in phosphorus loading of Butternut Lake, Price and Ashland Counties, Wisconsin, with special emphasis on the effects of internal phosphorus loading in a polymictic lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-12T22:18:44.767115","indexId":"sir20085053","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5053","title":"Water quality, hydrology, and simulated response to changes in phosphorus loading of Butternut Lake, Price and Ashland Counties, Wisconsin, with special emphasis on the effects of internal phosphorus loading in a polymictic lake","docAbstract":"<p>Butternut Lake is a 393-hectare, eutrophic to hypereutrophic lake in northcentral Wisconsin. After only minor improvements in water quality were observed following several actions taken to reduce the nutrient inputs to the lake, a detailed study was conducted from 2002 to 2007 by the U.S. Geological Survey to better understand how the lake functions. The goals of this study were to describe the water quality and hydrology of the lake, quantify external and internal sources of phosphorus, and determine the effects of past and future changes in phosphorus inputs on the water quality of the lake.</p><p>Since the early 1970s, the water quality of Butternut Lake has changed little in response to nutrient reductions from the watershed. The largest changes were in near-surface total phosphorus concentrations: August concentrations decreased from about 0.09 milligrams per liter (mg/L) to about 0.05 mg/L, but average summer concentrations decreased only from about 0.055—0.060 mg/L to about 0.045 mg/L. Since the early 1970s, only small changes were observed in chlorophyll a concentrations and water clarity (Secchi depths).</p><p>All major water and phosphorus sources, including the internal release of phosphorus from the sediments (internal loading), were measured directly, and minor sources were estimated to construct detailed water and phosphorus budgets for the lake during monitoring years (MY) 2003 and 2004. During these years, Butternut Creek, Spiller Creek, direct precipitation, small tributaries and near-lake drainage area, and ground water contributed about 62, 20, 8, 7, and 3 percent of the inflow, respectively. The average annual load of phosphorus to the lake was 2,540 kilograms (kg), of which 1,590 kg came from external sources (63 percent) and 945 kg came from the sediments in the lake (37 percent). Of the total external sources, Butternut Creek, Spiller Creek, small tributaries and near-lake drainage area, septic systems, precipitation, and ground water contributed about 63, 23, 9, 3, 1, and 1 percent, respectively.</p><p>Because of the high internal phosphorus loading, the eutrophication models used in this study were unable to simulate the observed water-quality characteristics in the lake without incorporating this source of phosphorus. However, when internal loading of phosphorus was added to the BATHTUB model, it accurately simulated the average water-quality characteristics measured in MY 2003 and 2004. Model simulations demonstrated a relatively linear response between in-lake total phosphorus concentrations and external phosphorus loading; however, the changes in concentrations were smaller than the changes in external phosphorus loadings (about 25—40 percent of the change in phosphorus loading). Changes in chlorophyll a concentrations, the percentage of days with algal blooms, and Secchi depths were nonlinear and had a greater response to reductions in phosphorus loading than to increases in phosphorus loading. A 50-percent reduction in external phosphorus loading caused an 18-percent decrease in chlorophyll a concentrations, a 41-percent decrease in the percentage of days with algal blooms, and a 12-percent increase in Secchi depth. When the additional internal phosphorus loading was removed from model simulations, all of these constituents showed a much greater response to changes in external phosphorus loading.</p><p>Because of Butternut Lake's morphometry, it is polymictic, which means it mixes frequently and does not develop stable thermal stratification throughout the summer. This characteristic makes it more vulnerable than dimictic lakes, which mix in spring and fall and develop stable thermal stratification during summer, to the high internal phosphorus loading that has resulted from historically high, nonnatural, external phosphorus loading. In polymictic lakes, the phosphorus released from the sediments is mixed into the upper part of the lake throughout summer. Once Butternut Lake became hypereutrophic (very productive), it became very difficult to alter its trophic state through reductions in external phosphorus loading because the high internal loading does not respond quickly to reductions in external nutrient loading. For Butternut Lake to become significantly less productive (change to a borderline mesotrophic/eutrophic state) a combined approach to reduce or eliminate internal phosphorus loading and reduce the external phosphorus loading by about 50 percent is needed.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085053","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Price County Land Conservation Committee","usgsCitation":"Robertson, D.M., and Rose, W., 2008, Water quality, hydrology, and simulated response to changes in phosphorus loading of Butternut Lake, Price and Ashland Counties, Wisconsin, with special emphasis on the effects of internal phosphorus loading in a polymictic lake (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5053, viii, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085053.","productDescription":"viii, 46 p.","temporalStart":"2002-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121147,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2008_5053.jpg"},{"id":410326,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_84079.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":11589,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5053/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Ashland County, Price County","otherGeospatial":"Butternut Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.3506,\n              45.9236\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.3506,\n              46.1233\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.55,\n              46.1233\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.55,\n              45.9236\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.3506,\n              45.9236\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adfe4b07f02db687c9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596 dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rose, William J. wjrose@usgs.gov","contributorId":2182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"William J.","email":"wjrose@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":296559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":85850,"text":"ofr20081133 - 2008 - Simulation of contributing areas and surface-water leakage to potential replacement wells near the community of New Post, Sawyer County, Wisconsin, by means of a two-dimensional ground-water flow model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-06T19:36:18.317449","indexId":"ofr20081133","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1133","title":"Simulation of contributing areas and surface-water leakage to potential replacement wells near the community of New Post, Sawyer County, Wisconsin, by means of a two-dimensional ground-water flow model","docAbstract":"A two-dimensional, steady-state ground-water-flow model of the shallow ground-water-flow system near the community of New Post, Sawyer County, Wis., was refined from an existing model of the area. Hydraulic-conductivity and recharge values were not changed from the existing model for the scenario simulations described in this report. Rather, the model was refined by adding detail along the Chippewa Flowage and then was used to simulate contributing areas for three potential replacement wells pumping 30,000 gallons per day. The model also was used to simulate potential surface-water leakage out of the Chippewa Flowage captured by replacement-well pumping. A range in resistance to vertical ground-water flow was simulated along the Chippewa Flowage for each potential replacement-well location to bound the potential effects of representing three-dimensional flow with a two-dimensional model. Results indicate that pumping from a replacement well sited about 130 feet from the Chippewa Flowage could capture as much as 39 percent of the total pumping from the flowage. Pumping from either of two potential replacement wells sited at least 400 feet from the Chippewa Flowage did not induce surface-water leakage out of the flowage regardless of the resistance applied along the flowage for simulations described in this report.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081133","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Lac Courte Oreilles Band of Lake Superior Chippewa","usgsCitation":"Juckem, P.F., and Hunt, R.J., 2008, Simulation of contributing areas and surface-water leakage to potential replacement wells near the community of New Post, Sawyer County, Wisconsin, by means of a two-dimensional ground-water flow model: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1133, iv, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081133.","productDescription":"iv, 12 p.","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":401805,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_84078.htm"},{"id":195792,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11591,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1133/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Sawyer County","city":"New Post","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.20918273925781,\n              45.8905458288619\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.17339134216309,\n              45.8905458288619\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.17339134216309,\n              45.90709157751516\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.20918273925781,\n              45.90709157751516\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.20918273925781,\n              45.8905458288619\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49afe4b07f02db5c8473","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Juckem, Paul F. 0000-0002-3613-1761 pfjuckem@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3613-1761","contributorId":1905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juckem","given":"Paul","email":"pfjuckem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunt, Randall J. 0000-0001-6465-9304 rjhunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":1129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randall","email":"rjhunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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