{"pageNumber":"2158","pageRowStart":"53925","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":81325,"text":"ds345 - 2008 - Environmental and Biological Data of the Nutrient Enrichment Effects on Stream Ecosystems Project of the National Water Quality Assessment Program, 2003-04","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:25","indexId":"ds345","displayToPublicDate":"2008-05-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"345","title":"Environmental and Biological Data of the Nutrient Enrichment Effects on Stream Ecosystems Project of the National Water Quality Assessment Program, 2003-04","docAbstract":"In 2000, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency began the process of developing regional nutrient criteria for streams and rivers. In response to concerns about nutrients by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and others, the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment Program began studying the effects of nutrient enrichment on agricultural stream ecosystems to aid in the understanding of how nutrients affect the biota in agricultural streams. Streams within five study areas were sampled either in 2003 or 2004. These five study areas were located within six NAWQA study units: the combined Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin (ACFB) and Georgia-Florida Coastal Plain Drainages (GAFL), Central Columbia Plateau?Yakima River Basin (CCYK), Central Nebraska Basins (CNBR), Potomac River?Delmarva Peninsula (PODL), and the White-Miami River Basin (WHMI). Data collected included nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorous) and other chemical parameters, biological samples (chlorophyll, algal assemblages, invertebrate assemblages, and some fish assemblages), stream habitat, and riparian and basin information. This report describes and presents the data collected from these study areas.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ds345","usgsCitation":"Brightbill, R.A., and Munn, M.D., 2008, Environmental and Biological Data of the Nutrient Enrichment Effects on Stream Ecosystems Project of the National Water Quality Assessment Program, 2003-04: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 345, Report: vi, 13 p.; Appendixes (ZIP File), https://doi.org/10.3133/ds345.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 13 p.; Appendixes (ZIP File)","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2003-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195627,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11374,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/345/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602513","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brightbill, Robin A. 0000-0003-4683-9656 rabright@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4683-9656","contributorId":618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brightbill","given":"Robin","email":"rabright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Munn, Mark D. 0000-0002-7154-7252 mdmunn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7154-7252","contributorId":976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munn","given":"Mark","email":"mdmunn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":81326,"text":"ds322 - 2008 - Estuarine River Data for the Ten Thousand Islands Area, Florida, Water Year 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:47","indexId":"ds322","displayToPublicDate":"2008-05-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"322","title":"Estuarine River Data for the Ten Thousand Islands Area, Florida, Water Year 2005","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey collected stream discharge, stage, salinity, and water-temperature data near the mouths of 11 tributaries flowing into the Ten Thousand Islands area of Florida from October 2004 to June 2005. Maximum positive discharge from Barron River and Faka Union River was 6,000 and 3,200 ft3/s, respectively; no other tributary exceeded 2,600 ft3/s. Salinity variation was greatest at Barron River and Faka Union River, ranging from 2 to 37 ppt, and from 3 to 34 ppt, respectively. Salinity maximums were greatest at Wood River and Little Wood River, each exceeding 40 ppt. All data were collected prior to the commencement of the Picayune Strand Restoration Project, which is designed to establish a more natural flow regime to the tributaries of the Ten Thousand Islands area.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ds322","collaboration":"Prepared as part of the U.S. Geological Survey Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystem Science Initiative;\r\nPrepared in cooperation with the South Florida Water Management District","usgsCitation":"Byrne, M., and Patino, E., 2008, Estuarine River Data for the Ten Thousand Islands Area, Florida, Water Year 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 322, iv, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds322.","productDescription":"iv, 10 p.","temporalStart":"2004-10-01","temporalEnd":"2005-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195585,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11375,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/322/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.83333333333333,25.8 ], [ -81.83333333333333,26.183333333333334 ], [ -81.25,26.183333333333334 ], [ -81.25,25.8 ], [ -81.83333333333333,25.8 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a94e4b07f02db6593b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Byrne, Michael J.","contributorId":8550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byrne","given":"Michael J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Patino, Eduardo 0000-0003-1016-3658 epatino@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1016-3658","contributorId":1743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patino","given":"Eduardo","email":"epatino@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":270,"text":"FLWSC-Tampa","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":81324,"text":"sir20085057 - 2008 - Effects of forest harvesting on ecosystem health in the headwaters of the New York City Water Supply, Catskill Mountains, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-22T21:00:29.614446","indexId":"sir20085057","displayToPublicDate":"2008-05-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5057","title":"Effects of forest harvesting on ecosystem health in the headwaters of the New York City Water Supply, Catskill Mountains, New York","docAbstract":"The effects of forest clearcutting and selective harvesting on forest soils, soil and stream water chemistry, forest regrowth, and aquatic communities were studied in four small headwater catchments. This research was conducted to identify the sensitivity of forested ecosystems to forest disturbance in the northeastern United States. The study area was in the headwaters of the Neversink Reservoir watershed, part of the New York City water supply system, in the Catskill Mountains of southeastern New York. Two sub-catchments of the Shelter Creek watershed were selectively harvested, one in its northern half and one more heavily in its southern half in 1995?96, the Dry Creek watershed was clearcut in the winter of 1996?97, and the Clear Creek watershed was left undisturbed and monitored as a control site. Monitoring was conducted from 4 years before the harvests until 4 years after the harvests. Clearcutting caused a large release of nitrate (NO3-) from watershed soils and a concurrent release of inorganic monomeric aluminum (Alim), which is toxic to some aquatic biota. The increased soil NO3- concentrations measured after the harvest could be completely accounted for by the decrease in nitrogen (N) uptake by watershed trees, rather than an increase in N mineralization and nitrification. The large increase in stream water NO3- and Alim concentrations caused 100-percent mortality of caged brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) during the first year after the clearcut and adversely affected macroinvertebrate communities for 2 years after the harvest. Nutrient uptake and biomass accumulation increased in uncut mature trees after the two selective harvests. There was no increase in stream-water NO3- or Alim concentrations, and so there were no adverse affects on macroinvertebrate or trout communities. The amount of tree biomass that can be removed without causing a sharp increase in stream-water NO3- and Alim stream-water concentrations is unknown, but probably depends on the history of forest-disturbance and acid deposition and the level of soil acidification. Results of this study indicate that macroinvertebrate and brook trout communities were sensitive to clearcutting and that deer browsing may affect water quality by suppressing forest regeneration and nutrient uptake. Further studies of selective harvests could identify the harvesting threshold below which changes in water quality and soil chemistry are minimized, and nutrient retention is maximized, thus reducing the damage that logging can inflict on stream and aquatic communities.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085057","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York City Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"McHale, M.R., Murdoch, P.S., Burns, D.A., and Baldigo, B.P., 2008, Effects of forest harvesting on ecosystem health in the headwaters of the New York City Water Supply, Catskill Mountains, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5057, vi, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085057.","productDescription":"vi, 23 p.","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195601,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11373,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5057/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":414582,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_83688.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Catskill Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.4950,\n              41.9833\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.4950,\n              41.9583\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.5214,\n              41.9583\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.5214,\n              41.9833\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.4950,\n              41.9833\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624daa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McHale, Michael R. 0000-0003-3780-1816 mmchale@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3780-1816","contributorId":1735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McHale","given":"Michael","email":"mmchale@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murdoch, Peter S. 0000-0001-9243-505X pmurdoch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9243-505X","contributorId":2453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murdoch","given":"Peter","email":"pmurdoch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":5067,"text":"Northeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869 daburns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":1237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas","email":"daburns@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baldigo, Barry P. 0000-0002-9862-9119 bbaldigo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9862-9119","contributorId":1234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldigo","given":"Barry","email":"bbaldigo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":81321,"text":"ofr20081137 - 2008 - Environmental stratification framework and water-quality monitoring design strategy for the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, Africa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-23T13:46:57","indexId":"ofr20081137","displayToPublicDate":"2008-05-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1137","title":"Environmental stratification framework and water-quality monitoring design strategy for the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, Africa","docAbstract":"Mauritania anticipates an increase in mining activities throughout the country and into the foreseeable future. Because mining-induced changes in the landscape are likely to affect their limited ground-water resources and sensitive aquatic ecosystems, a water-quality assessment program was designed for Mauritania that is based on a nationally consistent environmental stratification framework. The primary objectives of this program are to ensure that the environmental monitoring systems can quantify near real-time changes in surface-water chemistry at a local scale, and quantify intermediate- to long-term changes in groundwater and aquatic ecosystems over multiple scales.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081137","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the World Bank, the Mauritania Ministry of Mines and Industry, and Futures Group","usgsCitation":"Friedel, M.J., 2008, Environmental stratification framework and water-quality monitoring design strategy for the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, Africa (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1137, iv, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081137.","productDescription":"iv, 17 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194622,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11370,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1137/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":341594,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1137/pdf/OF08-1137_508.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db60251a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedel, Michael J. 0000-0002-5060-3999 mfriedel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5060-3999","contributorId":595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedel","given":"Michael","email":"mfriedel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":81320,"text":"ofr20081136 - 2008 - Hydrogeology of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-19T18:51:18.467584","indexId":"ofr20081136","displayToPublicDate":"2008-05-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1136","title":"Hydrogeology of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania","docAbstract":"Hydrogeologic maps were constructed for the Islamic Republic of Mauritania. The ground-water flow system in the country can best be described as two interconnected regional systems: the porous Continental Terminal coastal system and the interior, fractured sedimentary Taoudeni Basin system. In these systems, ground-water flow occurs in fill deposits and carbonate, clastic, metasedimentary, and metavolcanic rocks. Based on an evaluation of the potentiometric surface, there are three areas of ground-water recharge in the Taoudeni Basin system. One region occurs in the northwest at the edge of the Shield, one occurs to the south overlying the Tillites, and one is centered at the city of Tidjikdja. In contrast to the flow system in the Taoudeni Basin, the potentiometric surfaces reveal two areas of discharge in the Continental Terminal system but no localized recharge areas; the recharge is more likely to be areal. In addition to these recharge and discharge areas, ground water flows across the country's borders. Specifically, ground water from the Atlantic Ocean flows into Mauritania, transporting dissolved sodium from the west as a salt water intrusion, whereas fresh ground water discharges from the east into Mali. To the north, there is a relatively low gradient with inflow of fresh water to Mauritania, whereas ground-water flow discharges to the Senegal River to the south.\r\nA geographical information system (GIS) was used to digitize, manage, store, and analyze geologic data used to develop the hydrogeologic map. The data acquired for map development included existing digital GIS files, published maps, tabulated data in reports and public-access files, and the SIPPE2 Access database. Once in digital formats, regional geologic and hydrologic features were converted to a common coordinate system and combined into one map. The 42 regional geologic map units were then reclassified into 13 hydrogeologic units, each having considerable lateral extent and distinct hydrologic properties. Because the hydrologic properties of these units are also influenced by depth and degree of fracturing, the hydraulic conductivity values of these hydrogeologic units can range over many orders of magnitude.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081136","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the World Bank, the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, and Futures Group","usgsCitation":"Friedel, M.J., and Finn, C.A., 2008, Hydrogeology of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1136, vi, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081136.","productDescription":"vi, 32 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194447,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11369,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1136/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Mauritania","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -19,14 ], [ -19,28 ], [ -2,28 ], [ -2,14 ], [ -19,14 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aeb4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedel, Michael J. 0000-0002-5060-3999 mfriedel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5060-3999","contributorId":595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedel","given":"Michael","email":"mfriedel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finn, Carol A. 0000-0002-6178-0405 cfinn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6178-0405","contributorId":1326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"Carol","email":"cfinn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":81319,"text":"sir20085070 - 2008 - Modeling Water Temperature in the Yakima River, Washington, from Roza Diversion Dam to Prosser Dam, 2005-06","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:27","indexId":"sir20085070","displayToPublicDate":"2008-05-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5070","title":"Modeling Water Temperature in the Yakima River, Washington, from Roza Diversion Dam to Prosser Dam, 2005-06","docAbstract":"A mechanistic water-temperature model was constructed by the U.S. Geological Survey for use by the Bureau of Reclamation for studying the effect of potential water management decisions on water temperature in the Yakima River between Roza and Prosser, Washington. Flow and water temperature data for model input were obtained from the Bureau of Reclamation Hydromet database and from measurements collected by the U.S. Geological Survey during field trips in autumn 2005. Shading data for the model were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in autumn 2006. The model was calibrated with data collected from April 1 through October 31, 2005, and tested with data collected from April 1 through October 31, 2006. Sensitivity analysis results showed that for the parameters tested, daily maximum water temperature was most sensitive to changes in air temperature and solar radiation. Root mean squared error for the five sites used for model calibration ranged from 1.3 to 1.9 degrees Celsius (?C) and mean error ranged from ?1.3 to 1.6?C. The root mean squared error for the five sites used for testing simulation ranged from 1.6 to 2.2?C and mean error ranged from 0.1 to 1.3?C.\r\n\r\nThe accuracy of the stream temperatures estimated by the model is limited by four errors (model error, data error, parameter error, and user error).","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20085070","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Voss, F.D., Curran, C.A., and Mastin, M.C., 2008, Modeling Water Temperature in the Yakima River, Washington, from Roza Diversion Dam to Prosser Dam, 2005-06: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5070, vi, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085070.","productDescription":"vi, 43 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2005-04-01","temporalEnd":"2006-10-31","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195159,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11367,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5070/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.75,45.916666666666664 ], [ -121.75,47.75 ], [ -119,47.75 ], [ -119,45.916666666666664 ], [ -121.75,45.916666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db6999d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Voss, Frank D. fdvoss@usgs.gov","contributorId":1651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"Frank","email":"fdvoss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Curran, Christopher A. 0000-0001-8933-416X ccurran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8933-416X","contributorId":1650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curran","given":"Christopher","email":"ccurran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mastin, Mark C. 0000-0003-4018-7861 mcmastin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4018-7861","contributorId":1652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastin","given":"Mark","email":"mcmastin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":81316,"text":"ofr20081015 - 2008 - Methods of Data Collection, Sample Processing, and Data Analysis for Edge-of-Field, Streamgaging, Subsurface-Tile, and Meteorological Stations at Discovery Farms and Pioneer Farm in Wisconsin, 2001-7","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:26","indexId":"ofr20081015","displayToPublicDate":"2008-05-28T01:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1015","title":"Methods of Data Collection, Sample Processing, and Data Analysis for Edge-of-Field, Streamgaging, Subsurface-Tile, and Meteorological Stations at Discovery Farms and Pioneer Farm in Wisconsin, 2001-7","docAbstract":"The University of Wisconsin (UW)-Madison Discovery Farms (Discovery Farms) and UW-Platteville Pioneer Farm (Pioneer Farm) programs were created in 2000 to help Wisconsin farmers meet environmental and economic challenges. As a partner with each program, and in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources and the Sand County Foundation, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Wisconsin Water Science Center (WWSC) installed, maintained, and operated equipment to collect water-quantity and water-quality data from 25 edge-offield, 6 streamgaging, and 5 subsurface-tile stations at 7 Discovery Farms and Pioneer Farm. The farms are located in the southern half of Wisconsin and represent a variety of landscape settings and crop- and animal-production enterprises common to Wisconsin agriculture. Meteorological stations were established at most farms to measure precipitation, wind speed and direction, air and soil temperature (in profile), relative humidity, solar radiation, and soil moisture (in profile). Data collection began in September 2001 and is continuing through the present (2008). This report describes methods used by USGS WWSC personnel to collect, process, and analyze water-quantity, water-quality, and meteorological data for edge-of-field, streamgaging, subsurface-tile, and meteorological stations at Discovery Farms and Pioneer Farm from September 2001 through October 2007. Information presented includes equipment used; event-monitoring and samplecollection procedures; station maintenance; sample handling and processing procedures; water-quantity, waterquality, and precipitation data analyses; and procedures for determining estimated constituent concentrations for unsampled runoff events.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081015","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of Wisconsin-Madison Discovery Farms program and the University of Wisconsin-Platteville Pioneer Farm program","usgsCitation":"Stuntebeck, T.D., Komiskey, M.J., Owens, D., and Hall, D.W., 2008, Methods of Data Collection, Sample Processing, and Data Analysis for Edge-of-Field, Streamgaging, Subsurface-Tile, and Meteorological Stations at Discovery Farms and Pioneer Farm in Wisconsin, 2001-7 (Revised Dec 2008): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1015, viii, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081015.","productDescription":"viii, 52 p.","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":94361,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20081015","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":11352,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1015/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":194995,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Revised Dec 2008","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62bb36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stuntebeck, Todd D. 0000-0002-8405-7295 tdstunte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8405-7295","contributorId":902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuntebeck","given":"Todd","email":"tdstunte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Komiskey, Matthew J. 0000-0003-2962-6974 mjkomisk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2962-6974","contributorId":1776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Komiskey","given":"Matthew","email":"mjkomisk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Owens, David W. dwowens@usgs.gov","contributorId":3745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owens","given":"David W.","email":"dwowens@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":676,"text":"Wisconsin Water Resource Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":295191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hall, David W.","contributorId":39362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":295192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":81318,"text":"sir20085071 - 2008 - Conceptual Model of Hydrologic and Thermal Conditions of the Eastbank Aquifer System near Rocky Reach Dam, Douglas County, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:28","indexId":"sir20085071","displayToPublicDate":"2008-05-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5071","title":"Conceptual Model of Hydrologic and Thermal Conditions of the Eastbank Aquifer System near Rocky Reach Dam, Douglas County, Washington","docAbstract":"The Lower and Combined Aquifers of the Eastbank Aquifer system, located in a river-terrace deposit along the Columbia River near Rocky Reach Dam, Washington, are primarily recharged by the Columbia River and provide water to the Eastbank Hatchery and the regional water system servicing the cities of Wenatchee, East Wenatchee, and parts of unincorporated Chelan and Douglas Counties. In 2006, mean annual pumpage from the aquifers by the hatchery and regional water system was about 43 and 16 cubic feet per second, respectively. Reportedly, temperatures of ground water pumped by the hatchery have been increasing, thereby making water potentially too warm for salmonid fish production. An evaluation of hourly ground-water and river temperatures from January 1991 through August 2007 indicates increasing interannual trends in temperatures in most of the Lower and Combined Aquifers from 1999 through 2006 that correspond to increasing trends in the annual mean and annual maximum river temperatures during the same period of 0.07 and 0.17?C per year, respectively. There were no trends in the annual minimum river temperatures from 1999 through 2006, and there were no trends in the annual minimum, mean, and maximum river temperatures from 1991 through 1998 and from 1991 through 2007. Increases in river temperatures from 1999 through 2006 are within the natural variability of the river temperatures. \r\n\r\nMost of the Lower and Combined Aquifers reached thermal equilibrium?defined by constant time lags between changes in river temperatures and subsequent changes in ground-water temperatures?during 1991?98. The only exceptions are the Combined Aquifer north of the well field of the regional water system, which had not reached thermal equilibrium by 2006, and the Lower Aquifer west of the well fields of the hatchery and the regional water system, which reached thermal equilibrium prior to 1991. Because most of the Lower and Combined Aquifers were in thermal equilibrium from 1999 through 2006 and seasonal pumpage patterns were relatively stable, reported trends of increasing temperatures of water pumped by the hatchery well field are most likely explained by increasing trends in river temperatures. Most of the water pumped by the hatchery well field recharges in an area west to southwest of the well field about 2 months prior to the time it is pumped from the aquifer. The northern extent of the hatchery well field may pump some colder water from a bedrock depression to the north and west of the well field. The conceptual model of hydrologic and thermal conditions is supported by analyses of historical water temperatures, water-level data collected on July 18, 2007, and dissolved-constituent and bacterial concentrations in samples collected on August 20?22, 2007.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20085071","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Public Utility District No. 1 of Chelan County","usgsCitation":"van Heeswijk, M., Cox, S.E., Huffman, R.L., and Curran, C.A., 2008, Conceptual Model of Hydrologic and Thermal Conditions of the Eastbank Aquifer System near Rocky Reach Dam, Douglas County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5071, viii, 67 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085071.","productDescription":"viii, 67 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1991-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-08-31","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125705,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2008_5071.jpg"},{"id":11354,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5071/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.41666666666667,47.333333333333336 ], [ -120.41666666666667,48 ], [ -119.75,48 ], [ -119.75,47.333333333333336 ], [ -120.41666666666667,47.333333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db698453","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van Heeswijk, Marijke heeswijk@usgs.gov","contributorId":1537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Heeswijk","given":"Marijke","email":"heeswijk@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":295196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cox, Stephen E. 0000-0001-6614-8225 secox@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6614-8225","contributorId":1642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Stephen","email":"secox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huffman, Raegan L. 0000-0001-8523-5439 rhuffman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8523-5439","contributorId":1638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huffman","given":"Raegan","email":"rhuffman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Curran, Christopher A. 0000-0001-8933-416X ccurran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8933-416X","contributorId":1650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curran","given":"Christopher","email":"ccurran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":81315,"text":"sir20085008 - 2008 - A comparison of runoff quantity and quality from two small basins undergoing implementation of conventional- and low-impact-development (LID) strategies: Cross Plains, Wisconsin, water years 1999–2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-26T20:45:31.97544","indexId":"sir20085008","displayToPublicDate":"2008-05-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5008","title":"A comparison of runoff quantity and quality from two small basins undergoing implementation of conventional- and low-impact-development (LID) strategies: Cross Plains, Wisconsin, water years 1999–2005","docAbstract":"<p>Environmental managers are often faced with the task of designing strategies to accommodate development while minimizing adverse environmental impacts. Low-impact development (LID) is one such strategy that attempts to mitigate environmental degradation commonly associated with impervious surfaces. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, studied two residential basins in Cross Plains, Wis., during water years 1999–2005. A paired-basin study design was used to compare runoff quantity and quality from the two basins, one of which was developed in a conventional way and the other was developed with LID. The conventional-developed basin (herein called “conventional basin”) consisted of curb and gutter, 40-foot street widths, and a fully connected stormwater-conveyance system. The LID basin consisted of grassed swales, reduced impervious area (32-foot street widths), street inlets draining to grass swales, a detention pond, and an infiltration basin. Data collected in the LID basin represented predevelopment through near-complete build-out conditions.</p><p>Smaller, more frequent precipitation events that produced stormwater discharge from the conventional basin were retained in the LID basin. Only six events with precipitation depths less than or equal to 0.4 inch produced measurable discharge from the LID basin. Of these six events, five occurred during winter months when underlying soils are commonly frozen, and one was likely a result of saturated soil from a preceding storm. In the conventional basin, the number of discharge events, using the same threshold of precipitation depth, was 180, with nearly one-half of those resulting from precipitation depths less than 0.2 inch. Precipitation events capable of producing appreciable discharge in the LID basin were typically those of high intensity or precipitation depth or those that occurred after soils were already saturated. Total annual discharge volume measured from the conventional basin ranged from 1.3 to 9.2 times that from the LID basin.</p><p>Development of the LID basin did not appreciably alter the hydrologic response to precipitation characterized during predevelopment conditions. Ninety-five percent or more of precipitation in the LID basin was retained during each year of construction from predevelopment through near-complete build-out, surpassing the 90-percent benchmark established for new development by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. The amount of precipitation retained in the conventional basin did not exceed 94 percent and fell below the 90-percent standard 2 of the 6 years monitored.</p><p>Much of the runoff in the LID basin was retained by an infiltration basin, the largest control structure used to mitigate storm-runoff quantity and quality. The infiltration basin also was the last best-management practice (BMP) used to treat runoff before it left the LID basin as discharge. From May 25, 2002, to September 30, 2005, only 24 of 155 precipitation events exceeded the retention/ infiltrative capacity of the infiltration basin. The overall reduction in runoff volume from these few events was 51 percent. The effectiveness of the infiltration basin decreased as precipitation intensities exceeded 0.5 inch per hour.</p><p>Annual loads were estimated to characterize the overall effectiveness of low-impact design practices for mitigating delivery of total solids, total suspended solids, and total phosphorus. Annual loads of these three constituents were greater in the LID basin than in the conventional basin in 2000 and 2004. Seventy percent or more of all constituent annual loads were associated with two discharge events in 2000, and a single discharge event produced 50 percent or more of constituent annual loads in 2004. Each of these discharge events was associated with considerable precipitation depths and (or) intensities, ranging from 4.89 to 6.21 inches and from 1.13 to 1.2 inches per hour, respectively. These same storms did not contribute as much of the annual load in the conventional basin. With large storms and saturated soils, the ability of low-impact design techniques to reduce runoff, and thus constituent loads, can be greatly diminished.</p><p>For both the LID and conventional basins, the temperature of runoff was largely affected by ambient air temperatures. However, the temperature of discharge from the LID basin increased upon runoff cessation. This increase is likely due to solar heating of water that is temporarily stored in the detention pond and infiltration basin.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20085008","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Selbig, W.R., and Bannerman, R.T., 2008, A comparison of runoff quantity and quality from two small basins undergoing implementation of conventional- and low-impact-development (LID) strategies: Cross Plains, Wisconsin, water years 1999–2005: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5008, viii, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085008.","productDescription":"viii, 57 p.","temporalStart":"1998-10-01","temporalEnd":"2005-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121145,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2008_5008.jpg"},{"id":11351,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5008/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":394914,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_83685.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","city":"Cross Plains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.6692,\n              43.0981\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.6528,\n              43.0981\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.6528,\n              43.1125\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.6692,\n              43.1125\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.6692,\n              43.0981\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd494fe4b0b290850ef0af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Selbig, William R. 0000-0003-1403-8280 wrselbig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1403-8280","contributorId":877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selbig","given":"William","email":"wrselbig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bannerman, Roger T. 0000-0001-9221-2905 rbannerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9221-2905","contributorId":5560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bannerman","given":"Roger","email":"rbannerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70217331,"text":"70217331 - 2008 - Global ubiquity of dynamic earthquake triggering","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-15T21:32:36.718137","indexId":"70217331","displayToPublicDate":"2008-05-25T15:29:31","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2845,"text":"Nature Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Global ubiquity of dynamic earthquake triggering","docAbstract":"<p><span>Earthquakes can be triggered by local changes in the stress field (static triggering</span><sup><a id=\"ref-link-section-d22341e330\" title=\"King, G. C. P., Stein, R. S. &amp; Lin, J. Static stress changes and the triggering of earthquakes. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 84, 935–953 (1994).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo204#ref-CR1\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 1\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo204#ref-CR1\">1</a>,<a id=\"ref-link-section-d22341e333\" title=\"Stein, R. S., King, G. C. P. &amp; Lin, J. Stress triggering of the 1994 M=6.7 Northridge, California, earthquake by its predecessors. Science 265, 1432–1435 (1994).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo204#ref-CR2\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 2\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo204#ref-CR2\">2</a>,<a id=\"ref-link-section-d22341e336\" title=\"Harris, R. A., Simpson, R. W. &amp; Reasenberg, P. A. Influence of static stress changes on earthquake locations in southern California. Nature 375, 221–224 (1995).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo204#ref-CR3\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 3\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo204#ref-CR3\">3</a>,<a id=\"ref-link-section-d22341e339\" title=\"Harris, R. A. &amp; Simpson, R. W. In the shadow of 1857—The effect of the great Ft. Tejon earthquake on subsequent earthquakes in southern California. Geophys. Res. Lett. 23, 229–232 (1996).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo204#ref-CR4\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 4\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo204#ref-CR4\">4</a>,<a id=\"ref-link-section-d22341e342\" title=\"Harris, R. A. Introduction to special section: Stress triggers, stress shadows, and implications for seismic hazard. J. Geophys. Res. 103, 24347–24358 (1998).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo204#ref-CR5\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 5\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo204#ref-CR5\">5</a>,<a id=\"ref-link-section-d22341e345\" title=\"Parsons, T. Global Omori law decay of triggered earthquakes: Large aftershocks outside the classical aftershock zone. J. Geophys. Res. 107, doi:10.1029/2001JB000646 (2002).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo204#ref-CR6\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 6\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo204#ref-CR6\">6</a>,<a id=\"ref-link-section-d22341e349\" title=\"Lin, J. &amp; Stein, R. S. Stress triggering in thrust and subduction earthquakes and stress interaction between the southern San Andreas and nearby thrust and strike-slip faults. J. Geophys. Res. 109, doi:10.1029/2003JB002607 (2004).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo204#ref-CR7\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 7\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo204#ref-CR7\">7</a></sup><span>) due to nearby earthquakes or by stresses caused by the passage of surface (Rayleigh and Love) waves from a remote, large earthquake (dynamic triggering</span><sup><a id=\"ref-link-section-d22341e353\" title=\"West, M., Sanchez, J. J. &amp; McNutt, S. R. Periodically triggered seismicity at Mount Wrangell, Alaska, after the Sumatra earthquake. Science 308, 1144–1146 (2005).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo204#ref-CR8\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 8\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo204#ref-CR8\">8</a>,<a id=\"ref-link-section-d22341e356\" title=\"Anderson, J. G. et al. Seismicity in the western Great Basin apparently triggered by the Landers, California earthquake, 28 June 1992. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 84, 863–891 (1994).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo204#ref-CR9\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 9\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo204#ref-CR9\">9</a>,<a id=\"ref-link-section-d22341e359\" title=\"Hill, D. P. et al. Seismicity in the western United States remotely triggered by the M 7.4 Landers, California, earthquake of June 28, 1992. Science 260, 1617–1623 (1993).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo204#ref-CR10\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 10\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo204#ref-CR10\">10</a>,<a id=\"ref-link-section-d22341e362\" title=\"Brodsky, E. E., Karakostas, V. &amp; Kanamori, H. A new observation of dynamically triggered regional seismicity: earthquakes in Greece following the August, 1999 Izmit, Turkey earthquake. Geophys. Res. Lett. 27, 2741–2744 (2000).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo204#ref-CR11\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 11\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo204#ref-CR11\">11</a>,<a id=\"ref-link-section-d22341e365\" title=\"Gomberg, J., Bodin, P., Larson, K. &amp; Dragert, H. Earthquake nucleation by transient deformations caused by the M=7.9 Denali, Alaska, earthquake. Nature 427, 621–624 (2004).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo204#ref-CR12\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 12\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo204#ref-CR12\">12</a>,<a id=\"ref-link-section-d22341e368\" title=\"Pankow, K. L., Arabasz, W. J., Pechmann, J. C. &amp; Nava, S. J. Triggered seismicity in Utah from the November 3, 2002, Denali Fault earthquake. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 94, S332–S347 (2004).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo204#ref-CR13\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 13\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo204#ref-CR13\">13</a>,<a id=\"ref-link-section-d22341e372\" title=\"Prejean, S. G. et al. Remotely triggered seismicity on the United States west coast following the M 7.9 Denali Fault earthquake. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 94, S348–S359 (2004).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo204#ref-CR14\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 14\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo204#ref-CR14\">14</a>,<a id=\"ref-link-section-d22341e375\" title=\"Husen, S., Wiemer, S. &amp; Smith, R. B. Remotely triggered seismicity in the Yellowstone National Park region by the 2002 Mw=7.9 Denali Fault Earthquake, Alaska. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 94, S317–S331 (2004).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo204#ref-CR15\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 15\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo204#ref-CR15\">15</a>,<a id=\"ref-link-section-d22341e378\" title=\"Eberhart-Phillips, D. et al. The 2002 Denali fault earthquake, Alaska: A large magnitude, slip-partitioned event. Science 300, 1113–1118 (2003).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo204#ref-CR16\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 16\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo204#ref-CR16\">16</a>,<a id=\"ref-link-section-d22341e381\" title=\"Husker, A. L. &amp; Brodsky, E. E. Seismicity in Idaho and Montana triggered by the Denali Fault Earthquake: A window into the geologic context for seismic triggering. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 94, S310–S316 (2004).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo204#ref-CR17\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 17\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo204#ref-CR17\">17</a>,<a id=\"ref-link-section-d22341e384\" title=\"Hill, D. P. Dynamic stresses, Coulomb failure, and remote triggering. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 98, 66–92 (2008).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo204#ref-CR18\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 18\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo204#ref-CR18\">18</a></sup><span>). However, the mechanism, frequency, controlling factors and the global extent of dynamic triggering are yet to be fully understood. Because Rayleigh waves involve compressional and dilatational particle motion (volumetric changes) as well as shearing, whereas Love waves only involve shearing, triggering by either wave type implies fundamentally different physical mechanisms. Here, we analyse broadband seismograms from over 500 globally distributed stations and use an automated approach to systematically identify small triggered earthquakes—the low-amplitude signals of such earthquakes would normally be masked by high-amplitude surface waves. Our analysis reveals that out of 15 earthquakes studied of magnitude (</span><i>M</i><span>) greater than 7.0 that occurred after 1990, 12 are associated with significant increases in the detection of smaller earthquakes during the passage of both the Love and Rayleigh waves. We conclude that dynamic triggering is a ubiquitous phenomenon that is independent of the tectonic environment of the main earthquake or the triggered&nbsp;event.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1038/ngeo204","usgsCitation":"Velasco, A.A., Hernandez, S., Parsons, T., and Pankow, K., 2008, Global ubiquity of dynamic earthquake triggering: Nature Geoscience, v. 1, p. 375-379, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo204.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"375","endPage":"379","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":382239,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-25","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Velasco, Aaron A.","contributorId":190229,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Velasco","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hernandez, Stephen","contributorId":224420,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hernandez","given":"Stephen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40882,"text":"Instituto Geofísico at the Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parsons, Tom 0000-0002-0582-4338","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0582-4338","contributorId":22056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"Tom","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pankow, Kris","contributorId":247802,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pankow","given":"Kris","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":81313,"text":"fs20083034 - 2008 - Hydrologic droughts in Kansas— Are they becoming worse?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-15T11:50:20.006176","indexId":"fs20083034","displayToPublicDate":"2008-05-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-3034","title":"Hydrologic droughts in Kansas— Are they becoming worse?","docAbstract":"Multi-year droughts have been a recurrent feature of the climate and hydrology of Kansas since at least the 1930s. Streamflow records collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) indicate that water years 2000 to 2006 (October 1, 1999, through September 30, 2006) represent the sixth hydrologic drought during the past eight decades, and that corresponding streamflow levels in some parts of Kansas were lower than those during historic droughts of the 1930s and 1950s, even though the precipitation deficit was not as severe. Record-low streamflows in water year 2006 were recorded at USGS streamgages on the Republican, Smoky Hill, Solomon, Saline, upper Kansas, middle Arkansas, and Little Arkansas Rivers, as well as many tributary sites, and one tributary site of the Neosho River (fig. 1, table 1). \r\n\r\nLow streamflows during the hydrologic drought also resulted in record low levels at three Federal reservoirs in Kansas (fig. 1, table 2). An unprecedented number of administrative decisions were made by the Division of Water Resources, Kansas Department of Agriculture to curtail water diversions from rivers to maintain minimum desirable streamflows, and low flows on the lower Republican River in Kansas created concerns that Colorado and Nebraska were not complying with the terms of the 1943 Republican River Compact.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20083034","usgsCitation":"Putnam, J.E., Perry, C.A., and Wolock, D.M., 2008, Hydrologic droughts in Kansas— Are they becoming worse?: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2008-3034, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20083034.","productDescription":"6 p.","temporalStart":"1999-10-01","temporalEnd":"2006-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124814,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2008_3034.jpg"},{"id":389226,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_83681.htm"},{"id":11349,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3034/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -102.25,37 ], [ -102.25,40 ], [ -94.5,40 ], [ -94.5,37 ], [ -102.25,37 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2de4b07f02db614332","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Putnam, James E. jputnam@usgs.gov","contributorId":2021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Putnam","given":"James","email":"jputnam@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":295183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perry, Charles A. cperry@usgs.gov","contributorId":2093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Charles","email":"cperry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":295184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wolock, David M. 0000-0002-6209-938X dwolock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"David","email":"dwolock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":81314,"text":"sir20085040 - 2008 - Elements in Mud and Snow in the Vicinity of the DeLong Mountain Regional Transportation System Road, Red Dog Mine, and Cape Krusenstern National Monument, Alaska, 2005-06","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:50","indexId":"sir20085040","displayToPublicDate":"2008-05-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5040","title":"Elements in Mud and Snow in the Vicinity of the DeLong Mountain Regional Transportation System Road, Red Dog Mine, and Cape Krusenstern National Monument, Alaska, 2005-06","docAbstract":"A small number of mud, road bed soil, and snow samples were collected in 2005 and 2006 to assess metal concentrations and loadings to areas adjacent to the DeLong Mountain Regional Transportation System (DMTS) road in northwest Alaska. The DMTS road is used by large trucks to transport lead and zinc concentrates from Red Dog Mine to the shipping facility at Red Dog Port; it traverses 32 kilometers of land in Cape Krusenstern National Monument (CAKR). Mud collected in the summer of 2005 from wheel-wells of two passenger vehicles used for transport between Red Dog Mine and the port facility were enriched in cadmium, lead, and zinc by factors of about 200 to 800 as compared with mud collected from a vehicle stationed in Kotzebue, Alaska, whereas DMTS road bed soil samples were enriched by factors of 6 to 12. Thus, as of 2005, dispersal of mine ore wastes or concentrates by vehicles appeared to remain a potential source of metals along the DMTS road.\r\n\r\nCompared to snow samples obtained near a gravel road located near Kotzebue, Alaska, metal loadings estimated from individual snow samples collected in CAKR in April 2006 near three creeks, 13 to 50 meters from the road, were greater by factors of 13 to 316 for cadmium, 28 to 589 for lead, and 8 to 195 for zinc. When averaged for all three creek locations, mean loadings of cadmium, lead, and zinc calculated from snow samples collected at a nominal distance of 15 meters to the north of the road were 0.63, 34, and 89 milligrams of metal per square meter, respectively. Variability of particulate and metal loadings between individual samples and the three creek locations probably was affected by localized meteorological conditions and micro-topography on the snow drift and scour patterns, but road orientation on attainable truck speeds also might have been a factor. Results indicated that the ?port effect?, previously attributed to fugitive metal-enriched dusts stemming from concentrate transfer operations at the port facility, was not necessarily an important factor affecting spatial differences of metals deposition in snow along the road in CAKR during winter 2005?06.\r\n\r\nThe average metal content of particulates in 2005?06 snow samples was slightly less than that of snow samples collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in CAKR at three near-road locations in April 2003. Mean metals concentrations in 2006 snow particulates were about three times greater than in the road bed soils that were sampled in 2005; however, the fraction of annual metals loadings occurring in winter as compared to the remainder of the year was not readily determined by these data. Although procedures have been implemented in recent years to reduce the quantities of metal-enriched fugitive dusts, particulates dispersed near the road during the winter of 2005?06 were enriched in metals and these particulates contributed considerable metal loadings to the nearby terrain.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20085040","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service, Western Arctic National Parklands, Kotzebue, Alaska","usgsCitation":"Brumbaugh, W.J., and May, T.W., 2008, Elements in Mud and Snow in the Vicinity of the DeLong Mountain Regional Transportation System Road, Red Dog Mine, and Cape Krusenstern National Monument, Alaska, 2005-06: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5040, vi, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085040.","productDescription":"vi, 31 p.","temporalStart":"2005-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195170,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11350,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5040/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -164.5,67.41666666666667 ], [ -164.5,68.08333333333333 ], [ -162.75,68.08333333333333 ], [ -162.75,67.41666666666667 ], [ -164.5,67.41666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db606974","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brumbaugh, William J.","contributorId":60734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"May, Thomas W. tmay@usgs.gov","contributorId":2598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"Thomas","email":"tmay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":295185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":81308,"text":"sir20085074 - 2008 - Proceedings of the U.S. Geological Survey Seventh Biennial Geographic Information Science Workshop, Denver, Colorado, May 12-16, 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-15T16:27:55","indexId":"sir20085074","displayToPublicDate":"2008-05-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5074","title":"Proceedings of the U.S. Geological Survey Seventh Biennial Geographic Information Science Workshop, Denver, Colorado, May 12-16, 2008","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Seventh Biennial Geographic Information Science (GIS) Workshop (USGS-GIS 2008) on May 12 through 16, 2008, at the Denver Federal Center in Denver, Colorado, is unique in that it brings together GIS professionals from all of the USGS disciplines across all regions, and focuses primarily on the needs and accomplishments of the USGS. </p><p>The theme for the 2008 workshop, “GIS for Tomorrow’s Challenges,” provides an opportunity for USGS GIS professionals to demonstrate how they have responded to the challenges set forth in the USGS Science Strategy (http://www.usgs.gov/science_ strategy/). During this workshop, attendees will have an opportunity to present or demonstrate their work; develop their knowledge by attending hands-on workshops and presentations given by professionals from the USGS and other Federal agencies, GIS-related companies, and academia; and to network with other professionals to develop collaborative opportunities. </p><p>In addition to participation in numerous workshops and presentations, attendees will have opportunities to listen to top-level managers from the USGS present updates and goals concerning the future of several USGS programs. Monday evening’s Star Guest presentation by Thomas Wagner, NSF Office of Polar Programs, and Paul Morin, Antarctic Geospatial Information Center, entitled “Mapping all that is White: Antarctic Science and Operations Viewed Though Geospatial Data,” will be one of many valuable presentations. </p><p>This Proceedings volume will serve as an activity reference for workshop attendees, as well as an archive of technical abstracts presented at the workshop. Author, co-author, and presenter names, affiliations, and contact information are listed with presentation titles with the abstracts. Some hands-on sessions are offered twice; in these instances, abstracts submitted for publication are presented in the proceedings on both days on which they are offered. All acronyms used in these proceedings are explained in the text of each abstract.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085074","usgsCitation":"2008, Proceedings of the U.S. Geological Survey Seventh Biennial Geographic Information Science Workshop, Denver, Colorado, May 12-16, 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5074, xii, 66 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085074.","productDescription":"xii, 66 p.","temporalStart":"2008-05-12","temporalEnd":"2008-05-16","costCenters":[{"id":383,"text":"Mid-Continent Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195215,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":356545,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5074/pdf/SIR2008-5074.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":11344,"rank":99,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5074/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db660410","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Helterbrand, Steve whelterbrand@usgs.gov","contributorId":2497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helterbrand","given":"Steve","email":"whelterbrand@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":742790,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sieverling, Jennifer B. jbsiever@usgs.gov","contributorId":4806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sieverling","given":"Jennifer","email":"jbsiever@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":742791,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":81312,"text":"ds335 - 2008 - Ground-water quality data in the Central Sierra study unit, 2006— Results from the California GAMA Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-09T11:26:24.632886","indexId":"ds335","displayToPublicDate":"2008-05-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"335","title":"Ground-water quality data in the Central Sierra study unit, 2006— Results from the California GAMA Program","docAbstract":"Ground-water quality in the approximately 950 square kilometer (370 square mile) Central Sierra study unit (CENSIE) was investigated in May 2006 as part of the Priority Basin Assessment project of the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. The GAMA Priority Basin Assessment project was developed in response to the Ground-Water Quality Monitoring Act of 2001, and is being conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB).\r\n\r\nThis study was designed to provide a spatially unbiased assessment of the quality of raw ground water used for drinking-water supplies within CENSIE, and to facilitate statistically consistent comparisons of ground-water quality throughout California. Samples were collected from thirty wells in Madera County. Twenty-seven of the wells were selected using a spatially distributed, randomized grid-based method to provide statistical representation of the study area (grid wells), and three were selected to aid in evaluation of specific water-quality issues (understanding wells). \r\n\r\nGround-water samples were analyzed for a large number of synthetic organic constituents (volatile organic compounds [VOCs], gasoline oxygenates and degradates, pesticides and pesticide degradates), constituents of special interest (N-nitrosodimethylamine, perchlorate, and 1,2,3-trichloropropane), naturally occurring inorganic constituents [nutrients, major and minor ions, and trace elements], radioactive constituents, and microbial indicators. Naturally occurring isotopes [tritium, and carbon-14, and stable isotopes of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon], and dissolved noble gases also were measured to help identify the sources and ages of the sampled ground water. In total, over 250 constituents and water-quality indicators were investigated.\r\n\r\nQuality-control samples (blanks, replicates, and samples for matrix spikes) were collected at approximately one-sixth of the wells, and the results for these samples were used to evaluate the quality of the data for the ground-water samples. Results from field blanks indicated contamination was not a noticeable source of bias in the data for ground-water samples. Differences between replicate samples were within acceptable ranges, indicating acceptably low variability. Matrix spike recoveries were within acceptable ranges for most constituents.\r\n\r\nThis study did not attempt to evaluate the quality of water delivered to consumers; after withdrawal from the ground, water typically is treated, disinfected, or blended with other waters to maintain water quality. Regulatory thresholds apply to water that is served to the consumer, not to raw ground water. However, to provide some context for the results, concentrations of constituents measured in the raw ground water were compared with health-based thresholds established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and California Department of Public Health (CDPH), and thresholds established for aesthetic concerns (Secondary Maximum Contaminant Levels, SMCL-CA) by CDPH. Therefore, any comparisons of the results of this study to drinking-water standards only is for illustrative purposes and is not indicative of compliance or non-compliance to those standards.\r\n\r\nMost constituents that were detected in ground-water samples were found at concentrations below drinking-water standards or thresholds. Six constituents? fluoride, arsenic, molybdenum, uranium, gross-alpha radioactivity, and radon-222?were detected at concentrations higher than thresholds set for health-based regulatory purposes. Three additional constituents?pH, iron and manganese?were detected at concentrations above thresholds set for aesthetic concerns. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and pesticides, were detected in less than one-third of the samples and generally at less than one one-hundredth of a health-based threshold.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds335","usgsCitation":"Ferrari, M., Fram, M.S., and Belitz, K., 2008, Ground-water quality data in the Central Sierra study unit, 2006— Results from the California GAMA Program: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 335, x, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds335.","productDescription":"x, 61 p.","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190758,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11348,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/335/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":388953,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_83679.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Central Sierra study unit","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.8981,\n              37.0917\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.4,\n              37.0917\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.4,\n              37.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.8981,\n              37.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.8981,\n              37.0917\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d580","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferrari, Matthew J.","contributorId":67082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrari","given":"Matthew J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fram, Miranda S. 0000-0002-6337-059X mfram@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6337-059X","contributorId":1156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fram","given":"Miranda","email":"mfram@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":81307,"text":"fs20083006 - 2008 - Red-Rimmed Melania (Melanoides tuberculatus) - A snail in Biscayne National Park, Florida - Harmful invader or just a nuisance?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-04T15:23:27.435429","indexId":"fs20083006","displayToPublicDate":"2008-05-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-3006","displayTitle":"Red-Rimmed Melania (<i>Melanoides tuberculatus</i>) - A snail in Biscayne National Park, Florida - Harmful invader or just a suisance?","title":"Red-Rimmed Melania (Melanoides tuberculatus) - A snail in Biscayne National Park, Florida - Harmful invader or just a nuisance?","docAbstract":"Potentially harmful to humans and other animals, the red-rimmed melania snail (Melanoides tuberculatus; family Thiaridae) was discovered in Biscayne National Park, Florida, in 2003 by U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) researchers. The discovery raised concerns for park managers because this aquatic non-native snail is present in significant numbers in areas frequently used by park visitors and poses a risk of exposure. Researchers are addressing questions such as: Is this species a danger to human health? How widespread is it within the park? What factors control the distribution of the species? Is its presence a threat to native animals?","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20083006","usgsCitation":"Wingard, G.L., Murray, J.B., Schill, W., and Phillips, E.C., 2008, Red-Rimmed Melania (Melanoides tuberculatus) - A snail in Biscayne National Park, Florida - Harmful invader or just a nuisance?: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2008-3006, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20083006.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121219,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2008_3006.jpg"},{"id":11343,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3006/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Biscayne National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.43333333333334,25.383333333333333 ], [ -80.43333333333334,25.616666666666667 ], [ -80.23333333333333,25.616666666666667 ], [ -80.23333333333333,25.383333333333333 ], [ -80.43333333333334,25.383333333333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db63533e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wingard, G. Lynn 0000-0002-3833-5207 lwingard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3833-5207","contributorId":605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wingard","given":"G.","email":"lwingard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lynn","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murray, James B. jbmurray@usgs.gov","contributorId":2065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"James","email":"jbmurray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":295165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schill, W. Bane","contributorId":95024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schill","given":"W. Bane","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Phillips, Emily C.","contributorId":65189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":81311,"text":"sim3019 - 2008 - Land area change in coastal Louisiana: A multidecadal perspective (from 1956 to 2006)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-13T21:37:04.041548","indexId":"sim3019","displayToPublicDate":"2008-05-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3019","title":"Land area change in coastal Louisiana: A multidecadal perspective (from 1956 to 2006)","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) analyzed changes in the configuration of land and water in coastal Louisiana by using a sequential series of 14 data sets summarizing land and water areas from 1956 to 2006. The purpose of this study is to provide a spatially and temporally consistent source of quantitative information on land area across coastal Louisiana, broken into three physiographic provinces (the term 'coastal Louisiana' is used to present data on the collective area).\r\n\r\nThe land-water data sets used in this study are interpreted through spatial analysis and by linear regression analysis. The spatial depictions of land area change reveal a complex and interwoven mosaic of loss and gain patterns caused by natural and human-induced processes operating at varied temporal and spatial scales, resulting in fluctuating contributions to coastal loss. The linear regression analysis provides a robust estimate of recent change trends by comparing land area over time for all data sets from 1985 to 2004 and from 1985 to 2006 by physiographic province across coastal Louisiana.\r\n\r\nThe 1956 to 2006 map showing multidecadal changes, along with the linear regressions of land area change presented in this study, provide a comprehensive and concise presentation of historical trends and rates of land area change in coastal Louisiana. Taking a broad historical view provides an in-depth understanding of land area changes over time. For example, one observation provided by our historical review is that the majority of the widespread, nontransitory land gains depicted on the map over the past 50 years, with the exception of the progradation of the Atchafafalaya River and Wax Lake deltas, are primarily related to sediment placement and landward migration of barrier islands. Another point revealed by our historical approach is that recent land losses caused by hurricanes sometimes commingled with or exacerbated older losses formed during the 1956 to 1978 period. Furthermore, our analyses also show how the immediate impacts of extreme storms can alter the long-term, time-averaged trends of landscape change, thus limiting the range of projections for the future. For this reason, this study does not include trend projections beyond 2015 because of uncertainties related to recovery from the 2005 hurricane season and the potential for other episodic events that could skew future rates of change.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3019","usgsCitation":"Barras, J., Bernier, J., and Morton, R., 2008, Land area change in coastal Louisiana: A multidecadal perspective (from 1956 to 2006) (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3019, Report: iv, 9 p.; 1 Plate: 80.00 x 42.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3019.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 9 p.; 1 Plate: 80.00 x 42.00 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1956-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":11347,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3019/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":365480,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3019/downloads/SIM3019_Pamphlet.pdf"},{"id":110772,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_83676.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"83676"},{"id":195040,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.34399064181497,\n              29.995429621021884\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.81314388852411,\n              30.571416152674246\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.4765550831388,\n              30.478174177232816\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.2518184571681,\n              30.558805200758414\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.59226370679289,\n              30.08671821560452\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.18280674805897,\n              30.08385103388764\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.18548262159902,\n              30.151780956733617\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.68575265556393,\n              30.064954003792167\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.96882624889315,\n              29.547429022798426\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.51572718726482,\n              29.452104781342243\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.56712725042843,\n              29.359880057419744\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.84696478945125,\n              29.025586997827943\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.92536945227153,\n              28.979921361856285\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.8011241897795,\n              28.824836810823996\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.34399064181497,\n              29.995429621021884\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b10eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barras, John A. jbarras@usgs.gov","contributorId":2425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barras","given":"John A.","email":"jbarras@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":295176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bernier, Julie 0000-0002-9918-5353 jbernier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9918-5353","contributorId":3549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernier","given":"Julie","email":"jbernier@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morton, Robert A.","contributorId":88333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"Robert A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":81310,"text":"sim2965 - 2008 - Revised Geologic Map of the Fort Garland Quadrangle, Costilla County, Colorado","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":61125,"text":"mf2312E - 1997 - Geologic map of the Fort Garland Quadrangle, Costilla County, Colorado","indexId":"mf2312E","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"chapter":"E","title":"Geologic map of the Fort Garland Quadrangle, Costilla County, Colorado"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":81310,"text":"sim2965 - 2008 - Revised Geologic Map of the Fort Garland Quadrangle, Costilla County, Colorado","indexId":"sim2965","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"title":"Revised Geologic Map of the Fort Garland Quadrangle, Costilla County, Colorado"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:51","indexId":"sim2965","displayToPublicDate":"2008-05-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2965","title":"Revised Geologic Map of the Fort Garland Quadrangle, Costilla County, Colorado","docAbstract":"The map area includes Fort Garland, Colo., and the surrounding area, which is primarily rural. Fort Garland was established in 1858 to protect settlers in the San Luis Valley, then part of the Territory of New Mexico. East of the town are the Garland mesas (basalt-covered tablelands), which are uplifted as horsts with the Central Sangre de Cristo fault zone. The map also includes the northern part of the Culebra graben, a deep structural basin that extends from south of San Luis (as the Sanchez graben) to near Blanca, about 8 km west of Fort Garland. The oldest rocks exposed in the map area are early Proterozic basement rocks (granites in Ikes Creek block) that occupy an intermediate structural position between the strongly uplifted Blanca Peak block and the Culebra graben. The basement rocks are overlain by Oligocene volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks of unknown origin. The volcanic rocks were buried by a thick sequence of basin-fill deposits of the Santa Fe Group as the Rio Grande rift formed about 25 million years ago. The Servilleta Basalt, a regional series of 3.7?4.8 Ma old flood basalts, was deposited within sediment, and locally provides a basis for dividing the group into upper and lower parts. Landslide deposits and colluvium that rest on sediments of the Santa Fe Group cover the steep margins of the mesas. Exposures of the sediment beneath the basalt and within the low foothills east of the Central Sangre de Cristo fault zone are comprised of siltstones, sandstones, and minor fluvial conglomerates. Most of the low ground surrounding the mesas and in the graben is covered by surficial deposits of Quaternary age. The alluvial deposits are subdivided into three Pleistocene-age units and three Holocene-age units. The oldest Pleistocene gravel (unit Qao) is preserved as isolated remnants that cap high surfaces north and east of Fort Garland. The primary geologic hazards in the map area are from earthquakes, landslides, and localized flooding. The Central Sangre de Cristo fault zone shows evidence for latest Pleistocene to possible early Holocene movement. The landslides may have seismogenic origins; that is, they may be stimulated by strong ground shaking during large earthquakes. This revised geologic map is based on previous mapping by Wallace (1997) and new mapping, primarily of the Quaternary deposits, by Machette.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sim2965","isbn":"9781411321274","usgsCitation":"Wallace, A.R., and Machette, M., 2008, Revised Geologic Map of the Fort Garland Quadrangle, Costilla County, Colorado (Version 1.0, Supersedes MF-2312-E): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2965, Map Sheet: 43 x 31 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2965.","productDescription":"Map Sheet: 43 x 31 inches; Downloads Directory","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":111118,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_83675.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195117,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11346,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2965/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Polyconic","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.5,37.3675 ], [ -105.5,37.5 ], [ -105.36749999999999,37.5 ], [ -105.36749999999999,37.3675 ], [ -105.5,37.3675 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0, Supersedes MF-2312-E","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a16e4b07f02db603d9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wallace, Alan R.","contributorId":6024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Machette, Michael N.","contributorId":28963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Machette","given":"Michael N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":81309,"text":"sim2963 - 2008 - Geologic Map of the San Luis Quadrangle, Costilla County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:47","indexId":"sim2963","displayToPublicDate":"2008-05-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2963","title":"Geologic Map of the San Luis Quadrangle, Costilla County, Colorado","docAbstract":"The map area includes San Luis and the primarily rural surrounding area. San Luis, the county seat of Costilla County, is the oldest surviving settlement in Colorado (1851). West of the town are San Pedro and San Luis mesas (basalt-covered tablelands), which are horsts with the San Luis fault zone to the east and the southern Sangre de Cristo fault zone to the west. The map also includes the Sanchez graben (part of the larger Culebra graben), a deep structural basin that lies between the San Luis fault zone (on the west) and the central Sangre de Cristo fault zone (on the east). The oldest rocks exposed in the map area are the Pliocene to upper Oligocene basin-fill sediments of the Santa Fe Group, and Pliocene Servilleta Basalt, a regional series of 3.7?4.8 Ma old flood basalts. Landslide deposits and colluvium that rest on sediments of the Santa Fe Group cover the steep margins of the mesas. Rare exposures of the sediment are comprised of siltstones, sandstones, and minor fluvial conglomerates. Most of the low ground surrounding the mesas and in the graben is covered by surficial deposits of Quaternary age. The alluvial deposits are subdivided into three Pleistocene-age units and three Holocene-age units. The oldest Pleistocene gravel (unit Qao) forms extensive coalesced alluvial fan and piedmont surfaces, the largest of which is known as the Costilla Plain. This surface extends west from San Pedro Mesa to the Rio Grande. The primary geologic hazards in the map area are from earthquakes, landslides, and localized flooding. There are three major fault zones in the area (as discussed above), and they all show evidence for late Pleistocene to possible Holocene movement. The landslides may have seismogenic origins; that is, they may be stimulated by strong ground shaking during large earthquakes. Machette and Thompson based this geologic map entirely on new mapping, whereas Drenth supplied geophysical data and interpretations.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sim2963","isbn":"9781411321304","usgsCitation":"Machette, M., Thompson, R.A., and Drenth, B.J., 2008, Geologic Map of the San Luis Quadrangle, Costilla County, Colorado (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2963, Map Sheet: 44 x 29 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2963.","productDescription":"Map Sheet: 44 x 29 inches; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":111117,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_83674.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195468,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11345,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2963/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Polyconic","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.5,37.1175 ], [ -105.5,37.25 ], [ -105.36749999999999,37.25 ], [ -105.36749999999999,37.1175 ], [ -105.5,37.1175 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adf49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Machette, Michael N.","contributorId":28963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Machette","given":"Michael N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, Ren A. 0000-0002-3044-3043 rathomps@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3044-3043","contributorId":1265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Ren","email":"rathomps@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Drenth, Benjamin J. 0000-0002-3954-8124 bdrenth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3954-8124","contributorId":1315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drenth","given":"Benjamin","email":"bdrenth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":81303,"text":"ofr20081150 - 2008 - The ShakeOut Scenario","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-17T16:47:52","indexId":"ofr20081150","displayToPublicDate":"2008-05-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1150","title":"The ShakeOut Scenario","docAbstract":"This is the initial publication of the results of a cooperative project to examine the implications of a major earthquake in southern California. The study comprised eight counties: Imperial, Kern, Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, San Diego, and Ventura. Its results will be used as the basis of an emergency response and preparedness exercise, the Great Southern California ShakeOut, and for this purpose we defined our earthquake as occurring at 10:00 a.m. on November 13, 2008. As members of the southern California community use the ShakeOut Scenario to plan and execute the exercise, we anticipate discussion and feedback. This community input will be used to refine our assessment and will lead to a formal publication in early 2009. \r\n\r\nOur goal in the ShakeOut Scenario is to identify the physical, social and economic consequences of a major earthquake in southern California and in so doing, enable the users of our results to identify what they can change now?before the earthquake?to avoid catastrophic impact after the inevitable earthquake occurs. To do so, we had to determine the physical damages (casualties and losses) caused by the earthquake and the impact of those damages on the region?s social and economic systems. To do this, we needed to know about the earthquake ground shaking and fault rupture. So we first constructed an earthquake, taking all available earthquake research information, from trenching and exposed evidence of prehistoric earthquakes, to analysis of instrumental recordings of large earthquakes and the latest theory in earthquake source physics. We modeled a magnitude (M) 7.8 earthquake on the southern San Andreas Fault, a plausible event on the fault most likely to produce a major earthquake. This information was then fed forward into the rest of the ShakeOut Scenario. \r\n\r\nThe damage impacts of the scenario earthquake were estimated using both HAZUS-MH and expert opinion through 13 special studies and 6 expert panels, and fall into four categories: building damages, non-structural damages, damage to lifelines and infrastructure, and fire losses. The magnitude 7.8 ShakeOut earthquake is modeled to cause about 1800 deaths and $213 billion of economic losses. These numbers are as low as they are because of aggressive retrofitting programs that have increased the seismic resistance of buildings, highways and lifelines, and economic resiliency. These numbers are as large as they are because much more retrofitting could still be done. \r\n\r\nThe earthquake modeled here may never happen. Big earthquakes on the San Andreas Fault are inevitable, and by geologic standards extremely common, but probably will not be exactly like this one. The next very damaging earthquake could easily be on another fault. However, lessons learned from this particular event apply to many other events and could provide benefits in many possible future events.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081150","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Jones, L.M., Bernknopf, R., Cox, D., Goltz, J., Hudnut, K., Mileti, D., Perry, S., Ponti, D., Porter, K., Reichle, M., Seligson, H., Shoaf, K., Treiman, J., and Wein, A., 2008, The ShakeOut Scenario (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1150, iv, 308 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081150.","productDescription":"iv, 308 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195742,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11340,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1150/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.5,32 ], [ -121.5,36 ], [ -114,36 ], [ -114,32 ], [ -121.5,32 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a968","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Lucile M. jones@usgs.gov","contributorId":1014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Lucile","email":"jones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bernknopf, Richard","contributorId":51701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernknopf","given":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cox, Dale","contributorId":6151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Dale","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goltz, James","contributorId":23243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goltz","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hudnut, Kenneth","contributorId":106998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudnut","given":"Kenneth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mileti, Dennis","contributorId":80374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mileti","given":"Dennis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Perry, Suzanne","contributorId":11295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Suzanne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ponti, Daniel","contributorId":84457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponti","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Porter, Keith","contributorId":28689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porter","given":"Keith","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Reichle, Michael","contributorId":23954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reichle","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Seligson, Hope","contributorId":65564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seligson","given":"Hope","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Shoaf, Kimberley","contributorId":31487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shoaf","given":"Kimberley","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Treiman, Jerry","contributorId":22058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Treiman","given":"Jerry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Wein, Anne 0000-0002-5516-3697 awein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5516-3697","contributorId":589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wein","given":"Anne","email":"awein@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}}
,{"id":81305,"text":"fs20083044 - 2008 - Impacts of Low-Flow and Stream-Temperature Changes on Endangered Atlantic Salmon - Current Research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:14","indexId":"fs20083044","displayToPublicDate":"2008-05-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-3044","title":"Impacts of Low-Flow and Stream-Temperature Changes on Endangered Atlantic Salmon - Current Research","docAbstract":"Recent climate studies in New England and the northeastern United States have shown evidence of physical changes over time, including trends toward earlier snowmelt runoff, decreasing river ice, and increasing spring water temperatures. A U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) study funded by the National Global Warming and Wildlife Science Center will be investigating changes in summer low streamflows and stream temperatures and the potential effects of those changes on endangered Atlantic salmon populations. The study also will evaluate management options that would be most likely to mitigate the effects of any changes in streamflow and temperature.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs20083044","usgsCitation":"Dudley, R.W., Hodgkins, G.A., and Letcher, B., 2008, Impacts of Low-Flow and Stream-Temperature Changes on Endangered Atlantic Salmon - Current Research: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2008-3044, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20083044.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":117040,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2008_3044.jpg"},{"id":11342,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3044/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74,40 ], [ -74,48 ], [ -66,48 ], [ -66,40 ], [ -74,40 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a05e4b07f02db5f8660","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dudley, Robert W. 0000-0002-0934-0568 rwdudley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0934-0568","contributorId":2223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudley","given":"Robert","email":"rwdudley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hodgkins, Glenn A. 0000-0002-4916-5565 gahodgki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4916-5565","contributorId":2020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodgkins","given":"Glenn","email":"gahodgki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Letcher, Benjamin H. 0000-0003-0191-5678","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-5678","contributorId":24774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letcher","given":"Benjamin H.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":295161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":81304,"text":"cir1324 - 2008 - The ShakeOut Earthquake Scenario— A story that southern Californians are writing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-19T20:56:34.582719","indexId":"cir1324","displayToPublicDate":"2008-05-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1324","title":"The ShakeOut Earthquake Scenario— A story that southern Californians are writing","docAbstract":"The question is not if but when southern California will be hit by a major earthquake - one so damaging that it will permanently change lives and livelihoods in the region. How severe the changes will be depends on the actions that individuals, schools, businesses, organizations, communities, and governments take to get ready. To help prepare for this event, scientists of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) have changed the way that earthquake scenarios are done, uniting a multidisciplinary team that spans an unprecedented number of specialties. The team includes the California Geological Survey, Southern California Earthquake Center, and nearly 200 other partners in government, academia, emergency response, and industry, working to understand the long-term impacts of an enormous earthquake on the complicated social and economic interactions that sustain southern California society. This project, the ShakeOut Scenario, has applied the best current scientific understanding to identify what can be done now to avoid an earthquake catastrophe. More information on the science behind this project will be available in The ShakeOut Scenario (USGS Open-File Report 2008-1150; http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1150/). \r\n\r\nThe 'what if?' earthquake modeled in the ShakeOut Scenario is a magnitude 7.8 on the southern San Andreas Fault. Geologists selected the details of this hypothetical earthquake by considering the amount of stored strain on that part of the fault with the greatest risk of imminent rupture. From this, seismologists and computer scientists modeled the ground shaking that would occur in this earthquake. Engineers and other professionals used the shaking to produce a realistic picture of this earthquake's damage to buildings, roads, pipelines, and other infrastructure. From these damages, social scientists projected casualties, emergency response, and the impact of the scenario earthquake on southern California's economy and society. The earthquake, its damages, and resulting losses are one realistic outcome, deliberately not a worst-case scenario, rather one worth preparing for and mitigating against. \r\n\r\nDecades of improving the life-safety requirements in building codes have greatly reduced the risk of death in earthquakes, yet southern California's economic and social systems are still vulnerable to large-scale disruptions. Because of this, the ShakeOut Scenario earthquake would dramatically alter the nature of the southern California community. Fortunately, steps can be taken now that can change that outcome and repay any costs many times over. The ShakeOut Scenario is the first public product of the USGS Multi-Hazards Demonstration Project, created to show how hazards science can increase a community's resiliency to natural disasters through improved planning, mitigation, and response.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir1324","isbn":"9781411321373","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Perry, S., Cox, D., Jones, L., Bernknopf, R., Goltz, J., Hudnut, K., Mileti, D., Ponti, D., Porter, K., Reichle, M., Seligson, H., Shoaf, K., Treiman, J., and Wein, A., 2008, The ShakeOut Earthquake Scenario— A story that southern Californians are writing (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1324, iv, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1324.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p.","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science 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Jerry","contributorId":22058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Treiman","given":"Jerry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Wein, Anne 0000-0002-5516-3697 awein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5516-3697","contributorId":589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wein","given":"Anne","email":"awein@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}}
,{"id":81300,"text":"gip63 - 2008 - Eruptions in the Cascade Range during the past 4,000 years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-26T18:53:49.800756","indexId":"gip63","displayToPublicDate":"2008-05-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":315,"text":"General Information Product","code":"GIP","onlineIssn":"2332-354X","printIssn":"2332-3531","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"63","title":"Eruptions in the Cascade Range during the past 4,000 years","docAbstract":"Volcanoes have been erupting in the Cascade Range for over 500,000 years. During the past 4,000 years eruptions have occurred at an average rate of about 2 per century. \r\n\r\nThis chart shows 13 volcanoes on a map of Washington, Oregon, and northern California and time lines for each showing the ages of their eruptions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/gip63","usgsCitation":"Myers, B., and Driedger, C.L., 2008, Eruptions in the Cascade Range during the past 4,000 years (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey General Information Product 63, 1 Plate: 24.00 × 20.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/gip63.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 24.00 × 20.00 inches","onlineOnly":"N","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122389,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/gip_63.jpg"},{"id":11405,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/63/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Cascade Range","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.64013671874999,\n              39.639537564366684\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.44287109374999,\n              39.639537564366684\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.44287109374999,\n              48.122101028190805\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.64013671874999,\n              48.122101028190805\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.64013671874999,\n              39.639537564366684\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e478fe4b07f02db48a53d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Myers, Bobbie","contributorId":108093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myers","given":"Bobbie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Driedger, Carolyn L. 0000-0002-4011-4112 driedger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4011-4112","contributorId":537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driedger","given":"Carolyn","email":"driedger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":81302,"text":"sim3008 - 2008 - A New Perspective on Mount St. Helens - Dramatic Landform Change and Associated Hazards at the Most Active Volcano in the Cascade Range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-28T11:39:02","indexId":"sim3008","displayToPublicDate":"2008-05-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3008","title":"A New Perspective on Mount St. Helens - Dramatic Landform Change and Associated Hazards at the Most Active Volcano in the Cascade Range","docAbstract":"Mount St. Helens has erupted more frequently than any other volcano in the Cascade Range during the past 4,000 years. The volcano has exhibited a variety of eruption styles?explosive eruptions of pumice and ash, slow but continuous extrusions of viscous lava, and eruptions of fluid lava. Evidence of the volcano?s older eruptions is recorded in the rocks that build and the deposits that flank the mountain. \r\n\r\nEruptions at Mount St. Helens over the past three decades serve as reminders of the powerful geologic forces that are reshaping the landscape of the Pacific Northwest. On May 18, 1980, a massive landslide and catastrophic explosive eruption tore away 2.7 cubic kilometers of the mountain and opened a gaping, north-facing crater. Lahars flowed more than 120 kilometers downstream, destroying bridges, roads, and buildings. Ash from the eruption fell as far away as western South Dakota. \r\n\r\nReconstruction of the volcano began almost immediately. Between 1980 and 1986, 80 million cubic meters of viscous lava extruded episodically onto the crater floor, sometimes accompanied by minor explosions and small lahars. A lava dome grew to a height of 267 meters, taller than the highest buildings in the nearby city of Portland, Oregon. Crater Glacier formed in the deeply shaded niche between the 1980-86 lava dome and the south crater wall. Its tongues of ice flowed around the east and west sides of the dome. \r\n\r\nBetween 1989 and 1991, multiple explosions of steam and ash rocked the volcano, possibly a result of infiltrating rainfall being heated in the still-hot interior of the dome and underlying crater floor. \r\n\r\nIn September 2004, rising magma caused earthquake swarms and deformation of the crater floor and glacier, which indicated that Mount St. Helens might erupt again soon. On October 1, 2004, a steam and ash explosion signaled the beginning of a new phase of eruptive activity at the volcano. On October 11, hot rock reached the surface and began building a new lava dome immediately south of the 1980-86 lava dome. The erupting lava cleaved Crater Glacier in half and bulldozed it aside, causing thickening, crevassing, and rapid northward advance of the glacier?s east and west arms. Intermittent steam and ash explosions, some generating plumes that rose up to 11 kilometers, preceded and accompanied extrusion of the new lava dome, but ceased by early 2005. \r\n\r\nAs the new dome grew, a series of large fins or spines of hot lava rose, some more than 100 meters high, and then crumbled producing sometimes spectacular rock falls. The largest of these rock falls generated dust or steam plumes that rose high above the crater rim. By February 2006, the new dome had grown to a volume similar to that of the 1980-86 lava dome; and by July 2007, the new dome had grown to a volume of 93 million cubic meters, exceeding the volume of the 1980-86 lava dome. The height of the new dome also exceeded that of the 1980-86 lava dome, and at its highest point (before collapse in 2005) reached to within 2 meters of the lowest point on the south crater rim. At this height, the new dome was taller than the Empire State Building in New York City. \r\n\r\nThe new lava dome initially grew very quickly, at rates of 2 to 3 cubic meters (one small dump truck load) per second. If it had continued to grow at these rates for about 100 years, it would have replaced the volume of rock removed from the volcano during the May 18, 1980, eruption. However, the lava extrusion rate slowed throughout the eruption, and, by July 2007, it was oozing at a rate of 0.1 cubic meters per second. At that rate, it would take over 700 years to replace the volume of rock lost in 1980. Lava dome extrusion has continued into early 2008.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sim3008","isbn":"9781411320963","usgsCitation":"Ramsey, D.W., Driedger, C.L., and Schilling, S.P., 2008, A New Perspective on Mount St. Helens - Dramatic Landform Change and Associated Hazards at the Most Active Volcano in the Cascade Range (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3008, Sheet: 38 x 25 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3008.","productDescription":"Sheet: 38 x 25 inches","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195465,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11383,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3008/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.5,46 ], [ -122.5,46.5 ], [ -122,46.5 ], [ -122,46 ], [ -122.5,46 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd495ee4b0b290850ef1b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ramsey, David W. 0000-0003-1698-2523 dramsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1698-2523","contributorId":3819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsey","given":"David","email":"dramsey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Driedger, Carolyn L. 0000-0002-4011-4112 driedger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4011-4112","contributorId":537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driedger","given":"Carolyn","email":"driedger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schilling, Steve P. sschilli@usgs.gov","contributorId":634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schilling","given":"Steve","email":"sschilli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":81299,"text":"sir20085038 - 2008 - Guidelines for design and sampling for cyanobacterial toxin and taste-and-odor studies in lakes and reservoirs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-19T09:06:44","indexId":"sir20085038","displayToPublicDate":"2008-05-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5038","title":"Guidelines for design and sampling for cyanobacterial toxin and taste-and-odor studies in lakes and reservoirs","docAbstract":"Cyanobacteria and associated toxins and taste-and-odor compounds are of increasing environmental concern. However, consistent guidelines for the development of studies assessing cyanobacterial toxins and taste-and-odor compounds presently are not available. This report provides guidance for the development of scientific studies of cyanobacteria and associated by-products in lakes and reservoirs. Topics include: background information on cyanobacteria, toxins, and taste-and-odor compounds; spatial and temporal considerations that are unique to the cyanobacteria in lakes and reservoirs; common study types, objectives, and approaches for studies of cyanobacteria and associated toxins and taste-and-odor compounds; general guidelines for collecting samples; and information on sample handling, preparation, processing, and shipping.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20085038","usgsCitation":"Graham, J.L., Loftin, K.A., Ziegler, A., and Meyer, M.T., 2008, Guidelines for design and sampling for cyanobacterial toxin and taste-and-odor studies in lakes and reservoirs: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5038, vi, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085038.","productDescription":"vi, 40 p.","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195255,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11339,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5038/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":367524,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5038/pdf/SIR2008-5038.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a390","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graham, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-6420-9335 jlgraham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6420-9335","contributorId":1769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Jennifer","email":"jlgraham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loftin, Keith A. 0000-0001-5291-876X kloftin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5291-876X","contributorId":868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftin","given":"Keith","email":"kloftin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ziegler, Andrew C. aziegler@usgs.gov","contributorId":433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ziegler","given":"Andrew C.","email":"aziegler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":295120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meyer, Michael T. 0000-0001-6006-7985 mmeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-7985","contributorId":866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael","email":"mmeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":81301,"text":"gip64 - 2008 - Geologic hazards at volcanoes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-25T10:03:27","indexId":"gip64","displayToPublicDate":"2008-05-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":315,"text":"General Information Product","code":"GIP","onlineIssn":"2332-354X","printIssn":"2332-3531","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"64","title":"Geologic hazards at volcanoes","docAbstract":"Most volcano hazards are associated with eruptions. However, some hazards, such as lahars and debris avalanches, can occur even when a volcano is not erupting.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/gip64","isbn":"9781411320956","usgsCitation":"Myers, B., and Driedger, C.L., 2008, Geologic hazards at volcanoes: U.S. Geological Survey General Information Product 64, Poster: 18 x 27 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/gip64.","productDescription":"Poster: 18 x 27 inches","onlineOnly":"N","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":117866,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/gip_64.jpg"},{"id":11406,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/64/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a86c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Myers, Bobbie","contributorId":108093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myers","given":"Bobbie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Driedger, Carolyn L. 0000-0002-4011-4112 driedger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4011-4112","contributorId":537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driedger","given":"Carolyn","email":"driedger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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