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","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Architecture of the central Brooks Range fold and thrust belt, Arctic Alaska","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-2324-8.269","usgsCitation":"Wissinger, E.S., Levander, A.R., Oldow, J.S., Fuis, G.S., and Lutter, W.J., 1998, Seismic profiling constraints on the evolution of the central Brooks Range, Arctic Alaska, chap. of Architecture of the central Brooks Range fold and thrust belt, Arctic Alaska, p. 269-291, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2324-8.269.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"269","endPage":"291","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":418062,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"central Brooks Range","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -148,\n 69\n ],\n [\n -151.5,\n 69\n ],\n [\n -151.5,\n 67\n ],\n [\n -148,\n 67\n ],\n [\n -148,\n 69\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wissinger, E. S.","contributorId":86496,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wissinger","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Levander, A. R.","contributorId":104644,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Levander","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oldow, J. S.","contributorId":9716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oldow","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fuis, Gary S. 0000-0002-3078-1544 fuis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3078-1544","contributorId":2639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuis","given":"Gary","email":"fuis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":875367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lutter, W. J.","contributorId":90361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lutter","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70197324,"text":"70197324 - 1998 - Tertiary uplift of the Mt. Doonerak antiform, central Brooks Range, Alaska: Apatite fission track evidence from the Trans-Alaska crustal transect","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-16T15:37:16.900381","indexId":"70197324","displayToPublicDate":"1998-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Tertiary uplift of the Mt. Doonerak antiform, central Brooks Range, Alaska: Apatite fission track evidence from the Trans-Alaska crustal transect","docAbstract":"The Mt. Doonerak antiform is a northeast-trending, doubly plunging antiform located along the axial part of the central Brooks Range. This antiform is a crustal-scale duplex estimated to have a vertical displacement of ~15 km. The antiform folds the Amawk thrust, which separates relatively less displaced lower plate rocks in a window in the core of the antiform from allochthonous upper plate rocks of the Endicott Mountains allochthon. Because regional geological relations indicate that displacement on the Amawk thrust occurred between early Neocomian and early Albian time, uplift of the antiform is post-early Neocomian in age.
Zircon fission-track data from the Mt. Doonerak antiform suggest -8-12 km of vertical denudation has occurred within the antiform region since -70-65 Ma. whereas apatite fission-track data indicate the antiform has experienced a minimum of -46 km of denudation since late Oligocene time. Following rapid denudation at -24 + 3 Ma, the rocks have experienced continued denudation to present surface conditions at a slower rate.
We conclude from the relative relations and timing that the Mt. Doonerak duplex was constructed in part during the late Oligocene by reactivation of an older duplex formed during the latest Cretaceous to Paleocene. Deformation and uplift of Oligocene age for the axial part of the Brooks Range orogen is anomalously young, but it is the same age as the youngest episode of north-vergent contractional uplift in the northeastern Brooks Range. Because the Mt. Doonerak antiform displays structural characteristics similar to those of antiforms in the northeastern Brooks Range and because both regions experienced simultaneous rapid denudation, we suggest that the Mt. Doonerak antiform formed in response to an episode of contractional deformation that affected both areas in the late Oligocene.
This collection of 12 papers continues the annual series of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) reports on geologic investigations in Alaska. The annual volume presents results from new or ongoing studies in Alaska that are of interest to scientists in academia, industry, land and resource managers, and the general public. The Geological Studies in Alaska volume reports the results of studies that cover a broad spectrum of earth science topics from many parts of the state (fig. 1).
The papers in this volume are organized under the topics Environment and Climate, Resources, and Geologic Framework, in order to reflect the objectives and scope of USGS programs that are currently active in Alaska. Environmental studies are the focus of two articles in this volume: One study addresses the relation between glaciers and aquatic habitat on the Kenai River and another study evaluates the geochemistry of water draining chromite deposits in Alaska. Two papers address mineral resources in southwestern Alaska including a geochemical study of the Fortyseven Creek prospect and a geological and geochemical study of the Stuyahok area. Eight geologic framework studies apply a variety of techniques to a wide range of subjects throughout Alaska, including biostratigraphy, geochemistry, geochronology, paleomagnetism, sedimentology, and tectonics.
Two bibliographies at the end of the volume list reports about Alaska in USGS publications released in 1996 and reports about Alaska by USGS authors in non-USGS publications in 1996.
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]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db6880f7","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Gray, John E. jgray@usgs.gov","contributorId":1275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"John","email":"jgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544573,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Riehle, James R.","contributorId":70048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riehle","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":544574,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":22114,"text":"ofr98128 - 1998 - Report on the 1997 activity of Shrub mud volcano, Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:51","indexId":"ofr98128","displayToPublicDate":"1998-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-128","title":"Report on the 1997 activity of Shrub mud volcano, Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr98128","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Richter, D., Symonds, R., Rosenkrans, D., McGimsey, R.G., Evans, W.C., and Poreda, R., 1998, Report on the 1997 activity of Shrub mud volcano, Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, southcentral Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-128, 13 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98128.","productDescription":"13 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154684,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0128/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51557,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0128/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a58e4b07f02db62f3ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richter, D.H.","contributorId":43325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richter","given":"D.H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":187159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Symonds, R.B.","contributorId":31011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Symonds","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosenkrans, D. S.","contributorId":53795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenkrans","given":"D. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGimsey, R. G.","contributorId":93921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGimsey","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Evans, William C.","contributorId":104903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Poreda, R.J.","contributorId":97138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poreda","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70021155,"text":"70021155 - 1998 - West margin of North America - A synthesis of recent seismic transects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-14T16:14:56.421328","indexId":"70021155","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"West margin of North America - A synthesis of recent seismic transects","docAbstract":"A comparison of the deep structure along nine recent transects of the west margin of North America shows many important similarities and differences. Common tectonic elements identified in the deep structure along these transects include actively subducting oceanic crust, accreted oceanic/arc (or oceanic-like) lithosphere of Mesozoic through Cenozoic ages. Cenozoic accretionary prisms, Mesozoic accretionary prisms, backstops to the Mesozoic prisms, and undivided lower crust. Not all of these elements are present along all transects. In this study, nine transects, including four crossing subduction zones and five crossing transform faults, are plotted at the same scale and vertical exaggeration (V.E. 1:1), using the above scheme for identifying tectonic elements. The four subduction-zone transects contain actively subducting oceanic crust. Cenozoic accretionary prisms, and bodies of basaltic rocks accreted in the Cenozoic, including remnants of a large, oceanic plateau in the Oregon and Vancouver Island transects. Rocks of age and composition (Eocene basalt) similar to the oceanic plateau are currently subducting in southern Alaska, where they are doubled up on top of Pacific oceanic crust and have apparently created a giant asperity, or impediment to subduction. Most of the subduction-zone transects also contain Mesozoic accretionary prisms, and two of them, Vancouver Island and Alaska, also contain thick, technically underplated bodies of late Mesozoic/early Cenozoic oceanic lithosphere, interpreted as fragments of the extinct Kula plate. In the upper crust, most of the five transform-fault transects (all in California) reflect: (1) tectonic wedging of a Mesozoic accretionary prism into a backstop, which includes Mesozoic/early Cenozoic forearc rocks and Mesozoic ophiolitic/arc basement rocks: and (2) shuffling of the subduction margin of California by strike-slip faulting. In the lower crust, they may reflect migration of the Mendocino triple junction northward (seen in rocks east of the San Andreas fault) and cessation of Farallon-plate subduction (seen in rocks west of the San Andreas fault). In northern California, lower-crustal rocks east of the San Andreas fault have oceanic-crustal velocity and thickness and contain patches of high reflectivity. They may represent basaltic rocks magmatically underplated in the wake of the migration of the Mendocino triple junction, or they may represent stalled, subducted fragments of the Farallon/Gorda plate. The latter alternative does not fit the accepted 'slabless window' model for the migration of the triple junction. This lower-crustal layer and the Moho are offset at the San Andreas and Maacama faults. In central California, a similar lower-crustal layer is observed west of the San Andreas fault. West of the continental slope, it is Pacitic oceanic crust, but beneath the continent it may represent either Pacific oceanic crust, stalled, subducted fragments (microplates) of the Farallon plate, or basaltic rocks magmatically underplated during subduction of the Pacific/Farallon ridge or during breakup of the subducted Farallon plate. The transect in southern California is only partly representative of regional structure, as the structure here is 3-dimensional. In the upper crust, a Mesozoic prism has been thrust beneath crystalline basement rocks of the San Gabriel Mountains and Mojave Desert. In the mid-crust, a bright reflective zone is interpreted as a possible 'master' decollement that can be traced from the fold-and-thrust belt of the Los Angeles basin northward to at least the San Andreas fault. A Moho depression beneath the San Gabriel Mountains is consistent with downwelling of lithospheric mantle beneath the Transverse Ranges that appears to be driving the compression across the Transverse Ranges and Los Angeles basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0040-1951(97)00300-4","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Fuis, G., 1998, West margin of North America - A synthesis of recent seismic transects: Tectonophysics, v. 288, no. 1-4, p. 265-292, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(97)00300-4.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"265","endPage":"292","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":494137,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0040-1951(97)00300-4","text":"External Repository"},{"id":230253,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, California, Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Vancouver","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -150.17522712506494,\n 61.217190919521414\n ],\n [\n -158.65902964673563,\n 57.42344181651714\n ],\n [\n -123.37516452259177,\n 33.98872555083284\n ],\n [\n -118.2240533325811,\n 32.37973934808869\n ],\n [\n -114.33949244373234,\n 32.7455310942392\n ],\n [\n -114.56862512640006,\n 34.50928442250415\n ],\n [\n -120.07860326467929,\n 39.565080375115414\n ],\n [\n -119.11025591417561,\n 43.510705773508406\n ],\n [\n -120.66353202659494,\n 48.842974051027944\n ],\n [\n -132.851826669775,\n 60.65287298145492\n ],\n [\n -150.17522712506494,\n 61.217190919521414\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"288","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcff6e4b08c986b32ebd4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fuis, G. S.","contributorId":83131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuis","given":"G. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70021305,"text":"70021305 - 1998 - Leucocytozoon simondi in Emperor Geese from the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-02T17:06:39.392541","indexId":"70021305","displayToPublicDate":"1998-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Leucocytozoon simondi in Emperor Geese from the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta in Alaska","title":"Leucocytozoon simondi in Emperor Geese from the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta in Alaska","docAbstract":"We surveyed Emperor Geese (Chen canagica) in western Alaska for avian hematozoa. Blood smears were collected from 134 adults and goslings in late July 1996, on their breeding grounds on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta. One of 134 (0.7%) Emperor Geese harbored Leucocytozoon simondi, representing a new host record for this parasite. No other hematozoa were detected. This is one of few reports of avian blood parasites from the arctic tundra.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/1370286","usgsCitation":"Hollmen, T.E., Franson, J.C., Creekmore, L., Schmutz, J.A., and Fowler, A.C., 1998, Leucocytozoon simondi in Emperor Geese from the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta in Alaska: Condor, v. 100, no. 2, p. 402-404, https://doi.org/10.2307/1370286.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"402","endPage":"404","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230264,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon-Kuskokwim delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -163.9519991985493,\n 59.845183865093986\n ],\n [\n -162.7463090861851,\n 59.96147436460669\n ],\n [\n -162.55362257420185,\n 60.10894752854219\n ],\n [\n -162.5461519879655,\n 60.406884275680596\n ],\n [\n -162.21907168677168,\n 60.66150635419669\n ],\n [\n -161.0162568835687,\n 61.08285932364234\n ],\n [\n -161.23301117827435,\n 62.42323948087443\n ],\n [\n -162.43781171281577,\n 62.7242909712441\n ],\n [\n -163.9134834306825,\n 62.8777576127726\n ],\n [\n -164.7602106681276,\n 62.75695213168987\n ],\n [\n -165.75828227423244,\n 62.110281828281956\n ],\n [\n -166.149204201413,\n 61.72489958619332\n ],\n [\n -166.23336740882922,\n 61.41275254549976\n ],\n [\n -165.3141036967542,\n 60.47254023967403\n ],\n [\n -163.9519991985493,\n 59.845183865093986\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"100","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4668e4b0c8380cd67638","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hollmen, Tuula E.","contributorId":106077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hollmen","given":"Tuula","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Franson, J. Christian 0000-0002-0251-4238 jfranson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-4238","contributorId":177499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franson","given":"J.","email":"jfranson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Christian","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":389413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Creekmore, Lynn H.","contributorId":87251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Creekmore","given":"Lynn H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":389409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fowler, Ada C.","contributorId":48304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fowler","given":"Ada","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":4971,"text":"fs01298 - 1998 - Federal Coal in the United States: A Digital Database of Coal Ownership Status","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:38","indexId":"fs01298","displayToPublicDate":"1998-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"012-98","title":"Federal Coal in the United States: A Digital Database of Coal Ownership Status","docAbstract":"As United States coal resources continue to be examined for potential development, a critical need exists for a digital database containing locations and status of all Federal coal resources. This Fact Sheet describes the development of such a digital database and presents examples of how the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has used these coal ownership data. This database and its products are designed to help policy makers and land-use planners make wise decisions regarding Federal land use while maintaining a healthy domestic energy industry. Although the State of Alaska has vast coal resources, much of which is Federally owned, digital data for Alaskan coal ownership are not currently available. Therefore, information presented here refers only to coal in the conterminous United States.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs01298","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1998, Federal Coal in the United States: A Digital Database of Coal Ownership Status: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 012-98, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs01298.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":120925,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1998/0012/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":11355,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1998/fs012-98/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":31819,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1998/0012/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4cef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70210058,"text":"70210058 - 1998 - Geographic trend in mercury measured in common loon feathers and blood","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-12T18:43:56.981064","indexId":"70210058","displayToPublicDate":"1998-02-28T13:31:13","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geographic trend in mercury measured in common loon feathers and blood","docAbstract":"The common loon (Gavia immer) is a high‐trophic‐level, long‐lived, obligate piscivore at risk from elevated levels of Hg through biomagnification and bioaccumulation. From 1991 to 1996 feather (n = 455) and blood (n = 381) samples from adult loons were collected between June and September in five regions of North America: Alaska, northwestern United States, Upper Great Lakes, New England, and the Canadian Maritimes. Concentrations of Hg in adults ranged from 2.8 to 36.7 μg/g (fresh weight) in feathers and from 0.12 to 7.80 μg/g (wet weight) in whole blood. Blood Hg concentrations in 3 to 6‐week‐old juveniles ranged from 0.03 to 0.78 μg/g (wet weight) (n = 183). To better interpret exposure data, relationships between blood and feather Hg concentrations were examined among age and sex classes. Blood and feather Hg concentrations from the same individuals were significantly correlated and varied geographically (r2 ranged from 0.03 to 0.48). Blood and feather Hg correlated strongest in areas with the highest blood Hg levels, indicating a possible carryover of breeding season Hg that is depurated during winter remigial molt. Mean blood and feather Hg concentrations in males were significantly higher than concentrations in females for each region. The mean blood Hg concentration in adults was 10 times higher than that in juveniles, and feather Hg concentrations significantly increased over 1 to 4‐year periods in recaptured individuals. Geographic stratification indicates a significant increasing regional trend in adult and juvenile blood Hg concentrations from west to east. This gradient resembles U.S. Environmental Protection Agency‐modeled predictions of total anthropogenic Hg deposition across the United States. This gradient is clearest across regions. Within‐region blood Hg concentrations in adults and juveniles across nine sites of one region, the Upper Great Lakes, were less influenced by variations in geographic Hg deposition than by hydrology and lake chemistry. Loons breeding on low‐pH lakes in the Upper Great Lakes and in all lake types of northeastern North America are most at risk from Hg.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620170206","usgsCitation":"Kaplan, J.D., Meyer, M.W., Reaman, P.S., Braselton, W.E., Major, A., Burgess, N., and Scheuhammer, A.M., 1998, Geographic trend in mercury measured in common loon feathers and blood: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 17, no. 2, p. 173-183, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620170206.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"173","endPage":"183","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":374704,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Washington, Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -141.1083984375,\n 62.95522304515911\n ],\n [\n -146.46972656249997,\n 70.12542991464234\n ],\n [\n -150.6005859375,\n 70.52489722821652\n ],\n [\n -165.3662109375,\n 61.37567331572747\n ],\n [\n -150.205078125,\n 59.689926220143356\n ],\n [\n -147.9638671875,\n 60.13056361691419\n ],\n [\n -141.1083984375,\n 62.95522304515911\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.59643554687499,\n 47.50978034953473\n ],\n [\n -117.0703125,\n 47.50978034953473\n ],\n [\n -117.0703125,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -122.59643554687499,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -122.59643554687499,\n 47.50978034953473\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.99914550781249,\n 47.45037978769006\n ],\n [\n -113.6700439453125,\n 47.45037978769006\n ],\n [\n -113.6700439453125,\n 48.98742700601184\n ],\n [\n -115.99914550781249,\n 48.98742700601184\n ],\n [\n -115.99914550781249,\n 47.45037978769006\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.20703125,\n 45.166547157856016\n ],\n [\n -85.36376953125,\n 45.166547157856016\n ],\n [\n -85.36376953125,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -97.20703125,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -97.20703125,\n 45.166547157856016\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.77197265625,\n 44.19795903948531\n ],\n [\n -75.91552734375,\n 44.19795903948531\n ],\n [\n -75.91552734375,\n 46.30140615437332\n ],\n [\n -78.77197265625,\n 46.30140615437332\n ],\n [\n -78.77197265625,\n 44.19795903948531\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.55322265625,\n 43.24520272203356\n ],\n [\n -62.13867187499999,\n 43.24520272203356\n ],\n [\n -62.13867187499999,\n 47.17477833929903\n ],\n [\n -74.55322265625,\n 47.17477833929903\n ],\n [\n -74.55322265625,\n 43.24520272203356\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaplan, Joseph D.","contributorId":224648,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaplan","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meyer, Michael W.","contributorId":149111,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":17645,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Rhinelander, WI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":788945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reaman, Peter S.","contributorId":224649,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reaman","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Braselton, W. 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D. 0000-0002-6459-2821","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6459-2821","contributorId":22366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"J. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saltus, R. W.","contributorId":85588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saltus","given":"R.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reynolds, R. L. 0000-0002-4572-2942","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4572-2942","contributorId":79885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"R.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70074083,"text":"70074083 - 1998 - The compilation and application of aeromagnetic data for hydrocarbon exploration in interior Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-27T12:58:07","indexId":"70074083","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T12:44:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The compilation and application of aeromagnetic data for hydrocarbon exploration in interior Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geologic applications of gravity and magnetics: case histories","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists; Society of Exploration Geophysicists","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK","isbn":"156080078X","usgsCitation":"Meyer, J., Racic, L., and Saltus, R.W., 1998, The compilation and application of aeromagnetic data for hydrocarbon exploration in interior Alaska, chap. of Geologic applications of gravity and magnetics: case histories, p. 37-39.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"37","endPage":"39","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":281578,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -167.68,57.59 ], [ -167.68,71.39 ], [ -140.89,71.39 ], [ -140.89,57.59 ], [ -167.68,57.59 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7783e4b0b2908510b959","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, J.F. Jr.","contributorId":20835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"J.F.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Racic, L.J.","contributorId":11943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Racic","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Saltus, R. W.","contributorId":85588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saltus","given":"R.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70180708,"text":"70180708 - 1998 - Male traits, mating tactics and reproductive success in the buff-breasted sandpiper, Tryngites subruficollis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-31T14:39:46","indexId":"70180708","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":770,"text":"Animal Behaviour","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Male traits, mating tactics and reproductive success in the buff-breasted sandpiper, Tryngites subruficollis","docAbstract":"Buff-breasted sandpipers use a variety of mating tactics to acquire mates, including remaining at a single lek for most of the breeding season, attending multiple leks during the season, displaying solitarily or displaying both on leks and solitarily. We found that differences in body size, body condition, fluctuating asymmetry scores, wing coloration, territory location and behaviour (attraction, solicitation and agonistic) did not explain the observed variation in mating tactics used by males. Which males abandoned versus returned to leks was also not related to morphology or behaviour, and there was no tendency for males to join leks that were larger or smaller than the lek they abandoned. These results suggest that male desertion of leks was not dependent on a male's characteristics nor on the size of the lek he was presently attending. Males did join leks with larger males than their previous lek, perhaps to mate with females attracted to these larger 'hotshot' males. Males at both leks and solitary sites successfully mated. Lek tenure did not affect mating success, although lekking males appeared to mate more frequently than solitary males. Courtship disruption and to a lesser extent, female mimicry, were effective at preventing females from mating at leks, and may offer a partial explanation for female mating off leks. Our analysis that combined all males together within a year (regardless of mating tactic) indicated that males that attended leks for longer periods of time and that had fewer wing spots were significantly more likely to mate. Given some evidence that wing spotting declines with age, and that females inspect male underwings during courtship, the latter result suggests that female choice may play some role in determining male success. We suggest that male buff-breasted sandpipers may use alternative mating tactics more readily than males in other 'classic' lek-breeding species because: (1) unpredictable breeding conditions in this species' high arctic breeding range leads to low lek stability, which in turn hinders mate selection mechanisms mediated by male dominance and female choice; and (2) males are not constrained by morphological markings that indicate status or sex. Both characteristics may reduce the reproductive benefits associated with males adopting one mating tactic and result in a sort of scramble competition in which males switch between tactics as local conditions change.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/anbe.1998.0841","usgsCitation":"Lanctot, R.B., Weatherhead, P.J., Kempenaers, B., and Scribner, K.T., 1998, Male traits, mating tactics and reproductive success in the buff-breasted sandpiper, Tryngites subruficollis: Animal Behaviour, v. 56, no. 2, p. 419-432, https://doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1998.0841.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"419","endPage":"432","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":135,"text":"Biological Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334497,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5891b0b9e4b072a7ac129934","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lanctot, Richard B.","contributorId":31894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanctot","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":7029,"text":"Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":135,"text":"Biological Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":17786,"text":"Carleton University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weatherhead, Patrick J.","contributorId":179013,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weatherhead","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16718,"text":"Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kempenaers, Bart","contributorId":54943,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kempenaers","given":"Bart","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7029,"text":"Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":13130,"text":"Konrad Lorenz Institute for Ethology, Austrian Academy of Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Scribner, Kim T.","contributorId":146113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scribner","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":135,"text":"Biological Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":16582,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife and Department of Zoology, 480 Wilson Rd. 13 Natural Resources Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70182025,"text":"70182025 - 1998 - Electrocardiographic consequences of a peripatetic lifestyle in gray wolves (Canis lupus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-05T09:58:00","indexId":"70182025","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1289,"text":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Electrocardiographic consequences of a peripatetic lifestyle in gray wolves (Canis lupus)","docAbstract":"Cardiac chamber enlargement and hypertrophy are normal physiologic responses to repetitive endurance exercise activity in human beings and domestic dogs. Whether similar changes occur in wild animals as a consequence of increased activity is unknown. We found that free-ranging gray wolves (Canis lupus, n=11), the archetypical endurance athlete, have electrocardiographic evidence of cardiac chamber enlargement and hypertrophy relative to sedentary captive gray wolves (n=20), as demonstrated by significant increases in QRS duration, QT interval, and QT interval corrected for heart rate, a tendency towards increased Q, R, and S wave voltages in all leads, and a significant decrease in heart rate. We conclude that exercise activity level and therefore lifestyle affects physiologic variables in wild animals. An immediate consequence of this finding is that physiologic measurements obtained from a captive wild-animal population with reduced exercise activity level may not accurately reflect the normal physiologic state for free-ranging members of the same species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S1095-6433(98)10066-1","usgsCitation":"Constable, P., Hinchcliff, K., Demma, N., Callahan, M., Dale, B.W., Fox, K., Adams, L., Wack, R., and Kramer, L., 1998, Electrocardiographic consequences of a peripatetic lifestyle in gray wolves (Canis lupus): Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, v. 120, no. 3, p. 557-563, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1095-6433(98)10066-1.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"557","endPage":"563","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335522,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"120","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a57702e4b057081a24ee65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Constable, Peter","contributorId":40954,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Constable","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hinchcliff, Ken","contributorId":67479,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hinchcliff","given":"Ken","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Demma, Nick","contributorId":105682,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Demma","given":"Nick","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":20307,"text":"US National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":669317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Callahan, Margaret","contributorId":16317,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Callahan","given":"Margaret","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dale, Bruce W.","contributorId":6769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dale","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fox, Kevin","contributorId":12828,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fox","given":"Kevin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13670,"text":"National Park Service, Denali National Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":669320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Adams, Layne G. 0000-0001-6212-2896 ladams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6212-2896","contributorId":2776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Layne G.","email":"ladams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wack, Ray","contributorId":70355,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wack","given":"Ray","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kramer, Lynn","contributorId":181741,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kramer","given":"Lynn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":87325,"text":"87325 - 1998 - Translocated sea otter populations off the coasts of Oregon and Washington","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":87325,"text":"87325 - 1998 - Translocated sea otter populations off the coasts of Oregon and Washington","indexId":"87325","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"title":"Translocated sea otter populations off the coasts of Oregon and Washington"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70103848,"text":"70103848 - 1998 - Status and trends of the nation's biological resources","indexId":"70103848","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"title":"Status and trends of the nation's biological resources"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70103848,"text":"70103848 - 1998 - Status and trends of the nation's biological resources","indexId":"70103848","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"title":"Status and trends of the nation's biological resources"},"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-09T16:02:26","indexId":"87325","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Translocated sea otter populations off the coasts of Oregon and Washington","docAbstract":"The historical distribution of sea otters extended from the northern islands of Japan north and east across the Aleutian chain to the mainland of North America then south along the west coast to central Baja California, Mexico (Riedman and Estes 1990). By the beginning of the twentieth century, after 150 years of being intensively hunted for their valuable fur, sea otters had been extirpated from most of their range (Kenyon 1969). In 1911 sea otters were protected by the passage of the International Fur Seal Treaty. Unfortunately, only 13 remnant populations survived the fur-hunting period, and two of those, British Columbia and Mexico, would also ultimately disappear, leaving only a small group of sea otters south of Alaska, along the rugged Big Sur coast of California (Kenyon 1969).
The earliest attempts to reestablish sea otters to unoccupied habitat were begun in the early 1950’s by R. D. (Sea Otter) Jones, then manager of the Aleutian National Wildlife Refuge (Kenyon 1969). These early efforts were experimental, and all failed to establish populations. However, the knowledge gained from Jones’s efforts and the seminal work of Kenyon (1969) and others during the 1950’s and early 1960’s ultimately led to the successful efforts to come.
During the mid-1960’s the Alaska Department of Fish and Game began translocating sea otters to sites where the species had occurred before the fur-trade period. The first translocations were restricted to Alaska, but beginning in 1969 and continuing through 1972, the effort expanded beyond Alaska. During this period, 241 sea otters were translocated to sites in British Columbia, Washington, and Oregon (Jameson et al. 1982). The work was done cooperatively between state and provincial conservation agencies, with much of the financial support for the Oregon and Washington efforts coming from the Atomic Energy Commission (now ERDA). Followup studies of the Oregon population began in 1971 and continued through 1975. After 1975, surveys in Oregon occurred infrequently. In Washington no follow-up surveys were conducted until 1977, although the population has been monitored closely since then (Jameson et al. 1982, 1986; Jeffries and Jameson 1995).
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Status and trends of the nation's biological resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","isbn":"016053285X","usgsCitation":"Jameson, R.J., 1998, Translocated sea otter populations off the coasts of Oregon and Washington, chap. of Status and trends of the nation's biological resources, p. 684-686.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"684","endPage":"686","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128414,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db626e1e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Mac, Michael J.","contributorId":16772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mac","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504988,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Opler, Paul A.","contributorId":86690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Opler","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504989,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Puckett Haecker, Catherine E.","contributorId":45630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puckett Haecker","given":"Catherine","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504990,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doran, Peter D.","contributorId":17533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504991,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Jameson, Ronald J.","contributorId":17938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jameson","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70180696,"text":"70180696 - 1998 - Chlorinated hydrocarbon contaminants in polar bears from eastern Russia, North America, Greenland, and Svalbard: Biomonitoring of Arctic pollution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-19T16:12:39","indexId":"70180696","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chlorinated hydrocarbon contaminants in polar bears from eastern Russia, North America, Greenland, and Svalbard: Biomonitoring of Arctic pollution","docAbstract":"Adipose tissue samples from polar bears (Ursus maritimus) were obtained by necropsy or biopsy between the spring of 1989 to the spring of 1993 from Wrangel Island in Russia, most of the range of the bear in North America, eastern Greenland, and Svalbard. Samples were divided into 16 regions corresponding as much as possible to known stocks or management zones. Concentrations of dieldrin (DIEL), 4,4'-DDE (DDE), sum of 16 polychlorinated biphenyl congeners (sigma PCB), and sum of 11 chlordane-related compounds and metabolites (sigma CHL) were determined. In order to minimize the effect of age, only data for adults (320 bears age 5 years and older) was used to compare concentrations among regions. Concentrations of sigma PCB were 46% higher in adult males than females, and there was no significant trend with age. Concentrations of sigma CHL were 30% lower in adult males than females. Concentrations of sigma PCB, sigma CHL, and DDE in individual adult female bears were standardized to adult males using factors derived from the least-square means of each sex category, and geometric means of the standardized concentrations on a lipid weight basis were compared among regions. Median geometric mean standardized concentrations (lipid weight basis) and ranges among regions were as follows: sigma PCB, 5,942 (2,763-24,316) micrograms/kg; sigma CHL, 1,952 (727-4,632) micrograms/kg; DDE, 219 (52-560) micrograms/kg; DIEL, 157 (31-335) micrograms/kg. Geometric mean sigma PCB concentrations in bears from Svalbard, East Greenland, and the Arctic Ocean near Prince Patrick Island in Canada were similar (20,256-24,316 micrograms/kg) and significantly higher than most other areas. Atmospheric, oceanic, and ice transport, as well as ecological factors may contribute to these high concentrations of sigma PCB. sigma CHL was more uniformly distributed among regions than the other CHCs. Highest sigma CHL concentrations were found in southeastern Hudson Bay, which also had the highest DDE and DIEL concentrations. In general, concentrations of sigma CHL, DDE, and DIEL were higher in eastern than western regions, suggesting an influence of North American sources. Average sigma PCB concentrations in bears from the Canadian Arctic were similar to those in 1982-84, while average sigma CHL and DDE concentrations were 35-44% lower and DIEL was 90% lower. However, the significance of these temporal trends during the 1980s is not conclusive because of the problems of comparability of data.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s002449900387","usgsCitation":"Norstrom, R.J., Belikov, S., Born, E., Garner, G., Malone, B., Olpinski, S., Ramsay, M., Schliebe, S., Stirling, I., Sitshov, M., Taylor, M., and Wiig, Ø., 1998, Chlorinated hydrocarbon contaminants in polar bears from eastern Russia, North America, Greenland, and Svalbard: Biomonitoring of Arctic pollution: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 35, no. 2, p. 354-367, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002449900387.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"354","endPage":"367","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334486,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, Denmark, Norway, United States, Russia","otherGeospatial":"Arctic, Greenland, Svalbard","volume":"35","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5891b0b9e4b072a7ac129936","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Norstrom, R. J.","contributorId":69936,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Norstrom","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belikov, Stanislav","contributorId":19513,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belikov","given":"Stanislav","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Born, E.W.","contributorId":7508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Born","given":"E.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Garner, G.W.","contributorId":80218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garner","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Malone, B.","contributorId":179004,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Malone","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":28152,"text":"Malone Associates, Ottawa, Ontario","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Olpinski, S.","contributorId":179003,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olpinski","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":28153,"text":"Makivik Corporation, Kuujuaq Research Centre, Kuujuaq, Quebec","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ramsay, M.A.","contributorId":179005,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ramsay","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13248,"text":"University of Saskatchewan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Schliebe, S.","contributorId":27818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schliebe","given":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Stirling, I.","contributorId":103615,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stirling","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Sitshov, M.S.","contributorId":179006,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sitshov","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13276,"text":"Wrangel Island State Nature Reserve","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Taylor, M.K.","contributorId":33986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Wiig, Øystein","contributorId":13469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiig","given":"Øystein","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70180709,"text":"70180709 - 1998 - Certainty of paternity and paternal investment in eastern bluebirds and tree swallows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-31T14:52:57","indexId":"70180709","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":770,"text":"Animal Behaviour","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Certainty of paternity and paternal investment in eastern bluebirds and tree swallows","docAbstract":"Extra-pair paternity is common in many socially monogamous passerine birds with biparental care. Thus, males often invest in offspring to which they are not related. Models of optimal parental investment predict that, under certain assumptions, males should lower their investment in response to reduced certainty of paternity. We attempted to reduce certainty of paternity experimentally in two species, the eastern bluebird, Sialia sialis, and the tree swallow, Tachycineta bicolor, by temporarily removing fertile females on two mornings during egg laying. In both species, experimental males usually attempted to copulate with the female immediately after her reappearance, suggesting that they experienced the absence of their mate as a threat to their paternity. Experimental males copulated at a significantly higher rate than control males. However, contrary to the prediction of the model, experimental males did not invest less than control males in their offspring. There was no difference between experimental and control nests in the proportion of male feeds, male and female feeding rates, nestling growth and nestling condition and size at age 14 days. We argue that females might have restored the males’ confidence in paternity after the experiment by soliciting or accepting copulations. Alternatively, males may not reduce their effort, because the fitness costs to their own offspring may outweigh the benefits for the males, at least in populations where females cannot fully compensate for reduced male investment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/anbe.1997.0667","usgsCitation":"Kempenaers, B., Lanctot, R.B., and Robertson, R.J., 1998, Certainty of paternity and paternal investment in eastern bluebirds and tree swallows: Animal Behaviour, v. 55, no. 4, p. 845-860, https://doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1997.0667.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"845","endPage":"860","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334504,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5891b0b8e4b072a7ac129932","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kempenaers, Bart","contributorId":54943,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kempenaers","given":"Bart","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13130,"text":"Konrad Lorenz Institute for Ethology, Austrian Academy of Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":7029,"text":"Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lanctot, Richard B.","contributorId":31894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanctot","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":17786,"text":"Carleton University","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":7029,"text":"Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":135,"text":"Biological Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":662120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robertson, Raleigh J.","contributorId":179015,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robertson","given":"Raleigh","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7029,"text":"Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70187529,"text":"70187529 - 1998 - Cultural resource applications for a GIS: Stone conservation at Jefferson and Lincoln Memorials","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-07T12:26:38","indexId":"70187529","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5384,"text":"Cultural Resources Management","printIssn":"1068-4999","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cultural resource applications for a GIS: Stone conservation at Jefferson and Lincoln Memorials","docAbstract":"Geographical information systems are rapidly becoming essential tools for land management. They provide a way to link landscape features to the wide variety of information that managers must consider when formulating plans for a site, designing site improvement and restoration projects, determining maintenance projects and protocols, and even interpreting the site. At the same time, they can be valuable research tools.
Standing structures offer a different sort of geography, even though a humanly contrived one. Therefore, the capability of a geographical information system (GIS) to link geographical units to the information pertinent to the site and resource management can be employed in the management of standing structures. This was the idea that inspired the use of a GIS software, ArcView, to link computer aided design CAD) drawings of the Jefferson and Lincoln Memorials with inventories of the stones in the memorials. Both the CAD drawings and the inventory were in existence; what remained to be done was to modify the CAD files and place the inventory in an appropriately designed computerized database, and then to link the two in a GIS project. This work was carried out at the NPS Denver Service Center, Resource Planning Group, Applied Archaeology Center (DSC-RPG-AAC), in Silver Spring, Maryland, with the assistance of US/ICOMOS summer interns Katja Marasovic (Croatia) and Rastislav Gromnica (Slovakia), under the supervision of AAC office manager Douglas Comer. Project guidance was provided by Tony Donald, the Denver Service Center (DSC) project architect for the restoration of the Jefferson and Lincoln Memorials, and GIS consultation services by Kyle Joly.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Joly, K., Donald, T., and Comer, D., 1998, Cultural resource applications for a GIS: Stone conservation at Jefferson and Lincoln Memorials: Cultural Resources Management, v. 21, no. 2, p. 17-18.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"18","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340880,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":340879,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://permanent.access.gpo.gov/lps70980/lps70980/www.nps.gov/CRMJournal/CRM.html"}],"volume":"21","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59103229e4b0e541a03a857e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Joly, Kyle","contributorId":53117,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Joly","given":"Kyle","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12462,"text":"U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Donald, Tony","contributorId":191811,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donald","given":"Tony","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Comer, Douglas","contributorId":191812,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Comer","given":"Douglas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70185245,"text":"70185245 - 1998 - Responses of brown bears to human activities at O'Malley River, Kodiak Island, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-16T15:40:25","indexId":"70185245","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3671,"text":"Ursus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Responses of brown bears to human activities at O'Malley River, Kodiak Island, Alaska","docAbstract":"We classified levels of direct response of brown bears (Ursus arctos middendorffi) to aircraft, watercraft, and groups of people on the O'Malley River area of Kodiak Island, Alaska. General public use occurred on the area in 1991 and 1993, whereas structured bear viewing programs used the area in 1992 and 1994. Brown bears displayed high (running) or moderate (walking away) response on 18 (48%) occasions when fixed-wing aircraft flew over the animals <100 m above ground. Three of 4 helicopter flights <200 m overhead and 9 interactions with watercraft at ≤200 m distance also elicited strong response. Encounters between people and bears resulted in strong responses from bears more frequently (37%, n = 134) during years of general public use than in years of structured bear viewing (6%, n = 72, P < 0.0001). We suggest that higher levels of low or neutral response by bears to encounters with guided bear viewing groups was the result of consistent and predictable patterns of human activity.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Bear Research and Management","usgsCitation":"Wilker, G.A., and Barnes, V.G., 1998, Responses of brown bears to human activities at O'Malley River, Kodiak Island, Alaska: Ursus, v. 10, p. 557-561.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"557","endPage":"561","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337777,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337776,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.bearbiology.com/index.php?id=ursvol9_20","text":"Volume 10 on Journal's Website"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kodiak Island, O'Malley River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -154.05921936035156,\n 57.24924472842805\n ],\n [\n -153.9459228515625,\n 57.24924472842805\n ],\n [\n -153.9459228515625,\n 57.30557149205643\n ],\n [\n -154.05921936035156,\n 57.30557149205643\n ],\n [\n -154.05921936035156,\n 57.24924472842805\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","publicComments":"This volume is titled \"A selection of papers from the Tenth International Conference on Bear Research and Management, Fairbanks, Alaska, July 1995, and Mora, Sweden, September 1995.\"","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58cba425e4b0849ce97dc7be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilker, Gregory A.","contributorId":89811,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilker","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnes, Victor G. Jr.","contributorId":95113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"Victor","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":35655,"text":"Kodiak Brown Bear Trust, Westcliffe, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":684853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}