{"pageNumber":"216","pageRowStart":"5375","pageSize":"25","recordCount":10465,"records":[{"id":70036030,"text":"70036030 - 2009 - Hurricane Katrina sediment slowed elevation loss in subsiding brackish marshes of the Mississippi River delta","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-04T12:48:30","indexId":"70036030","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hurricane Katrina sediment slowed elevation loss in subsiding brackish marshes of the Mississippi River delta","docAbstract":"Although hurricanes can damage or destroy coastal wetlands, they may play a beneficial role in reinvigorating marshes by delivering sediments that raise soil elevations and stimulate organic matter production. Hurricane Katrina altered elevation dynamics of two subsiding brackish marshes in the Mississippi River deltaic plain by adding 3 to 8 cm of sediment to the soil surface in August 2005. Soil elevations at both sites subsequently declined due to continued subsidence, but net elevation gain was still positive at both Pearl River (+1.7 cm) and Big Branch (+0.7 cm) marshes two years after the hurricane. At Big Branch where storm sediments had higher organic matter and water contents, post-storm elevation loss was more rapid due to initial compaction of the storm layer in combination with root-zone collapse. In contrast, elevation loss was slower at Pearl River where the storm deposit (high sand content) did not compact and the root zone did not collapse. Vegetation at both sites fully recovered within one year, and accumulation of root matter at Big Branch increased 10-fold from 2005 to 2006, suggesting that the hurricane stimulated belowground productivity. Results of this study imply that hurricane sediment may benefit subsiding marshes by slowing elevation loss. However, long-term effects of hurricane sediment on elevation dynamics will depend not only on the amount of sediment deposited, but on sediment texture and resistance to compaction as well as on changes in organic matter accumulation in the years following the hurricane.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Society of Wetland Scientists","doi":"10.1672/08-32.1","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"McKee, K., and Cherry, J.A., 2009, Hurricane Katrina sediment slowed elevation loss in subsiding brackish marshes of the Mississippi River delta: Wetlands, v. 29, no. 1, p. 2-15, https://doi.org/10.1672/08-32.1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2","endPage":"15","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":218212,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1672/08-32.1"},{"id":246199,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River Delta","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.05,29.07 ], [ -90.05,29.94 ], [ -89.09,29.94 ], [ -89.09,29.07 ], [ -90.05,29.07 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"29","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a32ace4b0c8380cd5e9b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKee, K.L. 0000-0001-7042-670X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7042-670X","contributorId":77113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"K.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cherry, J. A.","contributorId":24880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherry","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70032787,"text":"70032787 - 2009 - Interactive effects of fire, soil climate, and moss on CO2 fluxes in black spruce ecosystems of interior Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-25T16:11:02","indexId":"70032787","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interactive effects of fire, soil climate, and moss on CO2 fluxes in black spruce ecosystems of interior Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>Fire is an important control on the carbon (C) balance of the boreal forest region. Here, we present findings from two complementary studies that examine how fire modifies soil organic matter properties, and how these modifications influence rates of decomposition and C exchange in black spruce (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Picea mariana</i><span>) ecosystems of interior Alaska. First, we used laboratory incubations to explore soil temperature, moisture, and vegetation effects on CO</span><sub>2</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>and DOC production rates in burned and unburned soils from three study regions in interior Alaska. Second, at one of the study regions used in the incubation experiments, we conducted intensive field measurements of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and ecosystem respiration (ER) across an unreplicated factorial design of burning (2&nbsp;year post-fire versus unburned sites) and drainage class (upland forest versus peatland sites). Our laboratory study showed that burning reduced the sensitivity of decomposition to increased temperature, most likely by inducing moisture or substrate quality limitations on decomposition rates. Burning also reduced the decomposability of<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Sphagnum-</i><span>derived organic matter, increased the hydrophobicity of feather moss-derived organic matter, and increased the ratio of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) in both the upland and peatland sites. At the ecosystem scale, our field measurements indicate that the surface organic soil was generally wetter in burned than in unburned sites, whereas soil temperature was not different between the burned and unburned sites. Analysis of variance results showed that ER varied with soil drainage class but not by burn status, averaging 0.9&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.1 and 1.4&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.1&nbsp;g C m</span><sup>−2&nbsp;</sup><span>d</span><sup>−1<span>&nbsp;</span></sup><span>in the upland and peatland sites, respectively. However, a more complex general linear model showed that ER was controlled by an interaction between soil temperature, moisture, and burn status, and in general was less variable over time in the burned than in the unburned sites. Together, findings from these studies across different spatial scales suggest that although fire can create some soil climate conditions more conducive to rapid decomposition, rates of C release from soils may be constrained following fire by changes in moisture and/or substrate quality that impede rates of decomposition.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10021-008-9206-4","issn":"14329","usgsCitation":"O’Donnell, J.A., Turetsky, M.R., Harden, J.W., Manies, K.L., Pruett, L., Shetler, G., and Neff, J.C., 2009, Interactive effects of fire, soil climate, and moss on CO2 fluxes in black spruce ecosystems of interior Alaska: Ecosystems, v. 12, no. 1, p. 57-72, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-008-9206-4.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"72","numberOfPages":"16","ipdsId":"IP-007487","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241297,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213649,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-008-9206-4"}],"volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-10-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3cd9e4b0c8380cd630c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Donnell, Jonathan A. 0000-0001-7031-9808","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7031-9808","contributorId":191423,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Donnell","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turetsky, Merritt R.","contributorId":169398,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Turetsky","given":"Merritt","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":12660,"text":"University of Guelph","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":437912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harden, Jennifer W. 0000-0002-6570-8259 jharden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":1971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"Jennifer","email":"jharden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Manies, Kristen L. 0000-0003-4941-9657 kmanies@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4941-9657","contributorId":2136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manies","given":"Kristen","email":"kmanies@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pruett, L.E.","contributorId":86982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pruett","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shetler, Gordon","contributorId":198333,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shetler","given":"Gordon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Neff, Jason C.","contributorId":169417,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neff","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":25504,"text":"Univ. of Colorado, Coulder, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":437908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70041666,"text":"70041666 - 2009 - Preparing a population for an earthquake like Chi-Chi: The Great Southern California ShakeOut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-26T11:35:27","indexId":"70041666","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Preparing a population for an earthquake like Chi-Chi: The Great Southern California ShakeOut","docAbstract":"<p>The Great Southern California ShakeOut was a week of special events featuring the largest earthquake drill in United States history. On November 13, 2008, over 5 million southern Californians pretended that a magnitude-7.8 earthquake had occurred and practiced actions that could reduce its impact on their lives. The primary message of the ShakeOut is that what we do now, before a big earthquake, will determine what our lives will be like after. The drill was based on a scenario of the impacts and consequences of such an earthquake on the Southern San Andreas Fault, developed by over 300 experts led by the U.S. Geological Survey in partnership with the California Geological Survey, the Southern California Earthquake Center, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, lifeline operators, emergency services and many other organizations. The ShakeOut campaign was designed and implemented by earthquake scientists, emergency managers, sociologists, art designers and community participants. The means of communication were developed using results from sociological research on what encouraged people to take action. This was structured around four objectives: 1) consistent messages – people are more inclined to believe something when they hear the same thing from multiple sources; 2) visual reinforcement – people are more inclined to do something they see other people doing; 3) encourage “milling” or discussing contemplated action – people need to discuss an action with others they care about before committing to undertaking it; and 4) focus on concrete actions – people are more likely to prepare for a set of concrete consequences of a particular hazard than for an abstract concept of risk. The goals of the ShakeOut were established in Spring 2008 and were: 1) to register 5 million people to participate in the drill; 2) to change the culture of earthquake preparedness in southern California; and 3) to reduce earthquake losses in southern California. All of these goals were met. The final registration at www.shakeout.org for the 2008 ShakeOut was 5.47 million people, or one-quarter of the population of the region. A survey conducted with the registered participants showed that the messages they took from the ShakeOut were the concepts intended, including the importance of “Drop, Cover, Hold On”, the interdependency of earthquake risk (“We are all in this together”) and the possibility of reducing losses through preparation and mitigation. Sales data from the Home Depot hardware stores in southern California showed a 260% increase in the sale of earthquake safety products during the month of the ShakeOut, November 2008. </p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Improving earthquake mitigation through innovations and applications in seismic science, engineering, communication, and response, Proceedings of a U.S.-Iran seismic workshop","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":" U.S.-Iran Seismic Workshop","conferenceDate":"June 29- July 1, 2009","conferenceLocation":"Irvine, CA","language":"English","publisher":"Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Centerr","usgsCitation":"Jones, L.M., and The ShakeOut Team, 2009, Preparing a population for an earthquake like Chi-Chi: The Great Southern California ShakeOut, <i>in</i> Improving earthquake mitigation through innovations and applications in seismic science, engineering, communication, and response, Proceedings of a U.S.-Iran seismic workshop, Irvine, CA, June 29- July 1, 2009, p. 1-14.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-023486","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340444,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"UNITED STATES","state":"California","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5901b1c1e4b0c2e071a99bc0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Lucile M. jones@usgs.gov","contributorId":1014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Lucile","email":"jones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":693006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"The ShakeOut Team","contributorId":191422,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"The ShakeOut Team","id":693007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035945,"text":"70035945 - 2009 - Interactive effects of fire, soil climate, and moss on CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes in black spruce ecosystems of interior Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:50","indexId":"70035945","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interactive effects of fire, soil climate, and moss on CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes in black spruce ecosystems of interior Alaska","docAbstract":"Fire is an important control on the carbon (C) balance of the boreal forest region. Here, we present findings from two complementary studies that examine how fire modifies soil organic matter properties, and how these modifications influence rates of decomposition and C exchange in black spruce (Picea mariana) ecosystems of interior Alaska. First, we used laboratory incubations to explore soil temperature, moisture, and vegetation effects on CO<sub>2</sub> and DOC production rates in burned and unburned soils from three study regions in interior Alaska. Second, at one of the study regions used in the incubation experiments, we conducted intensive field measurements of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and ecosystem respiration (ER) across an unreplicated factorial design of burning (2 year post-fire versus unburned sites) and drainage class (upland forest versus peatland sites). Our laboratory study showed that burning reduced the sensitivity of decomposition to increased temperature, most likely by inducing moisture or substrate quality limitations on decomposition rates. Burning also reduced the decomposability of Sphagnum-derived organic matter, increased the hydrophobicity of feather moss-derived organic matter, and increased the ratio of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) in both the upland and peatland sites. At the ecosystem scale, our field measurements indicate that the surface organic soil was generally wetter in burned than in unburned sites, whereas soil temperature was not different between the burned and unburned sites. Analysis of variance results showed that ER varied with soil drainage class but not by burn status, averaging 0.9 ?? 0.1 and 1.4 ?? 0.1 g C m<sup>-2</sup>d<sup>-1</sup> in the upland and peatland sites, respectively. However, a more complex general linear model showed that ER was controlled by an interaction between soil temperature, moisture, and burn status, and in general was less variable over time in the burned than in the unburned sites. Together, findings from these studies across different spatial scales suggest that although fire can create some soil climate conditions more conducive to rapid decomposition, rates of C release from soils may be constrained following fire by changes in moisture and/or substrate quality that impede rates of decomposition. ?? 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10021-008-9206-4","issn":"14329840","usgsCitation":"O'Donnell, J., Turetsky, M., Harden, J., Manies, K., Pruett, L., Shetler, G., and Neff, J.C., 2009, Interactive effects of fire, soil climate, and moss on CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes in black spruce ecosystems of interior Alaska: Ecosystems, v. 12, no. 1, p. 57-72, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-008-9206-4.","startPage":"57","endPage":"72","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216147,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-008-9206-4"},{"id":243996,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-10-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3cd9e4b0c8380cd630c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O'Donnell, J. A.","contributorId":85367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Donnell","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turetsky, M.R.","contributorId":107470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turetsky","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harden, J.W. 0000-0002-6570-8259","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":38585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Manies, K.L.","contributorId":23228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manies","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pruett, L.E.","contributorId":86982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pruett","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shetler, G.","contributorId":7916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shetler","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Neff, J. C.","contributorId":29935,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70035942,"text":"70035942 - 2009 - Exhumation along the Fairweather fault, southeastern Alaska, based on low-temperature thermochronometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:50","indexId":"70035942","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3524,"text":"Tectonics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Exhumation along the Fairweather fault, southeastern Alaska, based on low-temperature thermochronometry","docAbstract":"The southern Alaskan syntaxis marks the spectacular junction between the >1000-km-long Pacific-North America transform margin and the Chugach-St. Elias belt, where subduction and terrane accretion drive rapid convergent deformation and rock uplift. New low-temperature thermochronometry reveals that intense orogenic deformation is not restricted to one side of the syntaxis but extends nearly 300 km south along the dextral Fairweather fault. Apatite and zircon (U-Th)/He ages as young as 0.9 and 2.0 Ma suggest maximum exhumation rates of nearly 2 mm/a in close proximity (<10 km) to the Fairweather fault and average exhumation rates of >0.5 mm/a along the entire plate margin. We estimate that long-term rock uplift accommodates ???3 mm/a of fault-normal convergence in this area. This suggests that the Fairweather fault is slightly transpressive and highly partitioned, analogous to the central San Andreas fault. This convergence only accounts for ???1/5 of the obliquity between Pacific plate motion and the continental margin, however, implying the deficit is taken up by 1-2 cm/a thrust-sinistral motion along the offshore Transition fault. Additionally, thermochronometry shows a marked increase in bedrock cooling coincident with onset of heavy glaciation, similar to what has been observed in other parts of the Pacific Northwest. The tectonically active Fairweather corridor is distinguished, however, by the magnitude of the acceleration and the depth of exhumation since Pliocene climate change. Copyright 2009 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tectonics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2007TC002240","issn":"02787407","usgsCitation":"McAleer, R., Spotila, J., Enkelmann, E., and Berger, A., 2009, Exhumation along the Fairweather fault, southeastern Alaska, based on low-temperature thermochronometry: Tectonics, v. 28, no. 1, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007TC002240.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476219,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007tc002240","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":216118,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007TC002240"},{"id":243964,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-02-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0dade4b0c8380cd53134","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McAleer, R.J.","contributorId":45925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAleer","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spotila, J.A.","contributorId":41163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spotila","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Enkelmann, E.","contributorId":27256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Enkelmann","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Berger, A.L.","contributorId":19805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035936,"text":"70035936 - 2009 - Comparing stochastic point-source and finite-source ground-motion simulations: SMSIM and EXSIM","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:50","indexId":"70035936","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparing stochastic point-source and finite-source ground-motion simulations: SMSIM and EXSIM","docAbstract":"Comparisons of ground motions from two widely used point-source and finite-source ground-motion simulation programs (SMSIM and EXSIM) show that the following simple modifications in EXSIM will produce agreement in the motions from a small earthquake at a large distance for the two programs: (1) base the scaling of high frequencies on the integral of the squared Fourier acceleration spectrum; (2) do not truncate the time series from each subfault; (3) use the inverse of the subfault corner frequency for the duration of motions from each subfault; and (4) use a filter function to boost spectral amplitudes at frequencies near and less than the subfault corner frequencies. In addition, for SMSIM an effective distance is defined that accounts for geometrical spreading and anelastic attenuation from various parts of a finite fault. With these modifications, the Fourier and response spectra from SMSIM and EXSIM are similar to one another, even close to a large earthquake (M 7), when the motions are averaged over a random distribution of hypocenters. The modifications to EXSIM remove most of the differences in the Fourier spectra from simulations using pulsing and static subfaults; they also essentially eliminate any dependence of the EXSIM simulations on the number of subfaults. Simulations with the revised programs suggest that the results of Atkinson and Boore (2006), computed using an average stress parameter of 140 bars and the original version of EXSIM, are consistent with the revised EXSIM with a stress parameter near 250 bars.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120090056","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Boore, D., 2009, Comparing stochastic point-source and finite-source ground-motion simulations: SMSIM and EXSIM: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 99, no. 6, p. 3202-3216, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120090056.","startPage":"3202","endPage":"3216","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216060,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120090056"},{"id":243901,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-11-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f839e4b0c8380cd4cf61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boore, D.M. 0000-0002-8605-9673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8605-9673","contributorId":64226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70032245,"text":"70032245 - 2009 - Bacterial succession within an ephemeral hypereutrophic mojave desert playa lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:25","indexId":"70032245","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2729,"text":"Microbial Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bacterial succession within an ephemeral hypereutrophic mojave desert playa lake","docAbstract":"Ephemerally wet playas are conspicuous features of arid landscapes worldwide; however, they have not been well studied as habitats for microorganisms. We tracked the geochemistry and microbial community in Silver Lake playa, California, over one flooding/desiccation cycle following the unusually wet winter of 2004-2005. Over the course of the study, total dissolved solids increased by 10-fold and pH increased by nearly one unit. As the lake contracted and temperatures increased over the summer, a moderately dense planktonic population of 1 ?????106 cells ml-1 of culturable heterotrophs was replaced by a dense population of more than 1????????109 cells ml-1, which appears to be the highest concentration of culturable planktonic heterotrophs reported in any natural aquatic ecosystem. This correlated with a dramatic depletion of nitrate as well as changes in the microbial community, as assessed by small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequencing of bacterial isolates and uncultivated clones. Isolates from the early-phase flooded playa were primarily Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes, yet clone libraries were dominated by Betaproteobacteria and yet uncultivated Actinobacteria. Isolates from the late-flooded phase ecosystem were predominantly Proteobacteria, particularly alkalitolerant isolates of Rhodobaca, Porphyrobacter, Hydrogenophaga, Alishwenella, and relatives of Thauera; however, clone libraries were composed almost entirely of Synechococcus (Cyanobacteria). A sample taken after the playa surface was completely desiccated contained diverse culturable Actinobacteria typically isolated from soils. In total, 205 isolates and 166 clones represented 82 and 44 species-level groups, respectively, including a wide diversity of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Gemmatimonadetes, Acidobacteria, and Cyanobacteria. ?? 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Microbial Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00248-008-9426-3","issn":"00953","usgsCitation":"Navarro, J., Moser, D., Flores, A., Ross, C., Rosen, M.R., Dong, H., Zhang, G., and Hedlund, B., 2009, Bacterial succession within an ephemeral hypereutrophic mojave desert playa lake: Microbial Ecology, v. 57, no. 2, p. 307-320, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-008-9426-3.","startPage":"307","endPage":"320","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214600,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00248-008-9426-3"},{"id":242340,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059efa4e4b0c8380cd4a388","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Navarro, J.B.","contributorId":98131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Navarro","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moser, D.P.","contributorId":11427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moser","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flores, A.","contributorId":23346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flores","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ross, C.","contributorId":100210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rosen, Michael R.","contributorId":43096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosen","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dong, H.","contributorId":94086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dong","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zhang, G.","contributorId":12636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hedlund, B.P.","contributorId":101100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedlund","given":"B.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70035886,"text":"70035886 - 2009 - El Chichón's \"surprise\" eruption in 1982: lessons for reducing volcano risk","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-25T10:35:46","indexId":"70035886","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1762,"text":"Geofisica Internacional","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"El Chichón's \"surprise\" eruption in 1982: lessons for reducing volcano risk","docAbstract":"<p><span>During one week (28 March&ndash;4 April 1982), three powerful explosive eruptions (VEI 5) of El Chich&oacute;n Volcano caused the worst volcanic disaster in Mexico's recorded history. Pyroclastic flows and surges obliterated nine villages, killing about 2,000 people, and ashfalls downwind posed socio&ndash;economic hardships for many thousands of inhabitants of the States of Chiapas and Tabasco. The unexpected and vigorous eruption of 28 caused a hasty, confused evacuation of most villagers in the area. Activity was greatly diminished the next five days, and then the most powerful and lethal eruptions occurred 3&ndash;4 April&mdash;tragically, after many evacuees were allowed by authorities to return home.</span></p>\n<p><span>Unfortunately, the eruptions came as an almost total surprise for scientists and government authorities, effectively precluding opportunities to implement timely mitigative countermeasures. During the months before eruption onset, fumarolic activity increased and inhabitants living close to the volcano felt occasional earthquakes, prompting the Chiapas government to request help from the Federal government. Both the Chiapas and Federal governmental actions were slow, and the requested assistance came after the volcano erupted. Perhaps the most important lesson learned from the disastrous outcome at El Chich&oacute;n is that its decreased activity (29 March&ndash;2 April) should not have been assumed by the senior scientist on site&mdash;and the military authorities acting on his advice&mdash;to signal the end of eruption. While the 1982 eruptions caused a national tragedy, they also fostered multidisciplinary studies of eruptive phenomena, not only at El Chich&oacute;n but also other explosive volcanoes in the world.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Instituto de Geofisica","issn":"00167169","usgsCitation":"Tilling, R., 2009, El Chichón's \"surprise\" eruption in 1982: lessons for reducing volcano risk: Geofisica Internacional, v. 48, no. 1, p. 3-19.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"19","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-007377","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244026,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":299118,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ref.scielo.org/bnj8jh"}],"country":"Mexico","otherGeospatial":"El Chicon volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.3013916015625,\n              17.291642764599693\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.3013916015625,\n              17.3873371845615\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.13247680664062,\n              17.3873371845615\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.13247680664062,\n              17.291642764599693\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.3013916015625,\n              17.291642764599693\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"48","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a087ce4b0c8380cd51b2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tilling, R.I. 0000-0003-4263-7221","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4263-7221","contributorId":98311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilling","given":"R.I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70035857,"text":"70035857 - 2009 - Postshield stage transitional volcanism on Mahukona Volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-10T06:58:51","indexId":"70035857","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Postshield stage transitional volcanism on Mahukona Volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p><span>Age spectra from 40Ar/39Ar incremental heating experiments yield ages of 298 ± 25ka and 310 ± 31ka for transitional composition lavas from two cones on submarine Mahukona Volcano, Hawaii. These ages are younger than the inferred end of the tholeiitic shield stage and indicate that the volcano had entered the postshield alkalic stage before going extinct. Previously reported elevated helium isotopic ratios of lavas from one of these cones were incorrectly interpreted to indicate eruption during a preshield alkalic stage. Consequently, high helium isotopic ratios are a poor indicator of eruptive stage, as they occur in preshield, shield, and postshield stage lavas. Loihi Seamount and Kilauea are the only known Hawaiian volcanoes where the volume of preshield alkalic stage lavas can be estimated.</span> Springer-Verlag 2008.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00445-008-0240-z","usgsCitation":"Clague, D., and Calvert, A., 2009, Postshield stage transitional volcanism on Mahukona Volcano, Hawaii: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 71, no. 5, p. 533-539, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-008-0240-z.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"533","endPage":"539","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244085,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216227,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00445-008-0240-z"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Mahukona Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -156.71447753906247,\n              19.678797982361385\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.63781738281247,\n              19.678797982361385\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.63781738281247,\n              20.66362605415281\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.71447753906247,\n              20.66362605415281\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.71447753906247,\n              19.678797982361385\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"71","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7e9be4b0c8380cd7a645","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clague, D.A.","contributorId":36129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clague","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Calvert, A.T.","contributorId":49969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calvert","given":"A.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035820,"text":"70035820 - 2009 - A one-dimensional heat-transport model for conduit flow in karst aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:49","indexId":"70035820","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A one-dimensional heat-transport model for conduit flow in karst aquifers","docAbstract":"A one-dimensional heat-transport model for conduit flow in karst aquifers is presented as an alternative to two or three-dimensional distributed-parameter models, which are data intensive and require knowledge of conduit locations. This model can be applied for cases where water temperature in a well or spring receives all or part of its water from a phreatic conduit. Heat transport in the conduit is simulated by using a physically-based heat-transport equation that accounts for inflow of diffuse flow from smaller openings and fissures in the surrounding aquifer during periods of low recharge. Additional diffuse flow that is within the zone of influence of the well or spring but has not interacted with the conduit is accounted for with a binary mixing equation to proportion these different water sources. The estimation of this proportion through inverse modeling is useful for the assessment of contaminant vulnerability and well-head or spring protection. The model was applied to 7 months of continuous temperature data for a sinking stream that recharges a conduit and a pumped well open to the Madison aquifer in western South Dakota. The simulated conduit-flow fraction to the well ranged from 2% to 31% of total flow, and simulated conduit velocity ranged from 44 to 353 m/d.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.09.024","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Long, A., and Gilcrease, P., 2009, A one-dimensional heat-transport model for conduit flow in karst aquifers: Journal of Hydrology, v. 378, no. 3-4, p. 230-239, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.09.024.","startPage":"230","endPage":"239","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243955,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216109,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.09.024"}],"volume":"378","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4cae4b0c8380cd4692b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Long, Andrew J.","contributorId":80023,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Long","given":"Andrew J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilcrease, P.C.","contributorId":58116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilcrease","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035791,"text":"70035791 - 2009 - Climate, lightning ignitions, and fire severity in Yosemite National Park, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:49","indexId":"70035791","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2083,"text":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate, lightning ignitions, and fire severity in Yosemite National Park, California, USA","docAbstract":"Continental-scale studies of western North America have attributed recent increases in annual area burned and fire size to a warming climate, but these studies have focussed on large fires and have left the issues of fire severity and ignition frequency unaddressed. Lightning ignitions, any of which could burn a large area given appropriate conditions for fire spread, could be the first indication of more frequent fire. We examined the relationship between snowpack and the ignition and size of fires that occurred in Yosemite National Park, California (area 3027 km<sup>2</sup>), between 1984 and 2005. During this period, 1870 fires burned 77 718 ha. Decreased spring snowpack exponentially increased the number of lightning-ignited fires. Snowpack mediated lightning-ignited fires by decreasing the proportion of lightning strikes that caused lightning-ignited fires and through fewer lightning strikes in years with deep snowpack. We also quantified fire severity for the 103 fires &gt;40 ha with satellite fire-severity indices using 23 years of Landsat Thematic Mapper data. The proportion of the landscape that burned at higher severities and the complexity of higher-severity burn patches increased with the log<sub>10</sub> of annual area burned. Using one snowpack forecast, we project that the number of lightning-ignited fires will increase 19.1% by 2020 to 2049 and the annual area burned at high severity will increase 21.9%. Climate-induced decreases in snowpack and the concomitant increase in fire severity suggest that existing assumptions may be understated-fires may become more frequent and more severe. ?? IAWF 2009.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1071/WF08117","issn":"10498001","usgsCitation":"Lutz, J., van Wagtendonk, J., Thode, A.E., Miller, J., and Franklin, J., 2009, Climate, lightning ignitions, and fire severity in Yosemite National Park, California, USA: International Journal of Wildland Fire, v. 18, no. 7, p. 765-774, https://doi.org/10.1071/WF08117.","startPage":"765","endPage":"774","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216139,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1071/WF08117"},{"id":243987,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f658e4b0c8380cd4c6e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lutz, J.A.","contributorId":71792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lutz","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"van Wagtendonk, J. W.","contributorId":85111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Wagtendonk","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thode, A. E.","contributorId":75870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thode","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, J.D.","contributorId":43431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Franklin, J.F.","contributorId":56583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franklin","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70036647,"text":"70036647 - 2009 - Gene-expression signatures of Atlantic salmon's plastic life cycle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:57","indexId":"70036647","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1738,"text":"General and Comparative Endocrinology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gene-expression signatures of Atlantic salmon's plastic life cycle","docAbstract":"How genomic expression differs as a function of life history variation is largely unknown. Atlantic salmon exhibits extreme alternative life histories. We defined the gene-expression signatures of wild-caught salmon at two different life stages by comparing the brain expression profiles of mature sneaker males and immature males, and early migrants and late migrants. In addition to life-stage-specific signatures, we discovered a surprisingly large gene set that was differentially regulated-at similar magnitudes, yet in opposite direction-in both life history transitions. We suggest that this co-variation is not a consequence of many independent cellular and molecular switches in the same direction but rather represents the molecular equivalent of a physiological shift orchestrated by one or very few master regulators. ?? 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"General and Comparative Endocrinology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2009.04.021","issn":"00166480","usgsCitation":"Aubin-Horth, N., Letcher, B., and Hofmann, H., 2009, Gene-expression signatures of Atlantic salmon's plastic life cycle: General and Comparative Endocrinology, v. 163, no. 3, p. 278-284, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2009.04.021.","startPage":"278","endPage":"284","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476430,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2009.04.021","text":"External Repository"},{"id":245633,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217673,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2009.04.021"}],"volume":"163","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a14fce4b0c8380cd54c61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aubin-Horth, N.","contributorId":9850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aubin-Horth","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Letcher, B. H. 0000-0003-0191-5678","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-5678","contributorId":48132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letcher","given":"B.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":457154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hofmann, H.A.","contributorId":30432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofmann","given":"H.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036068,"text":"70036068 - 2009 - TandEM: Titan and Enceladus mission","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-08T11:58:00","indexId":"70036068","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1607,"text":"Experimental Astronomy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"TandEM: Titan and Enceladus mission","docAbstract":"<p><span>TandEM was proposed as an L-class (large) mission in response to ESA’s Cosmic Vision 2015–2025 Call, and accepted for further studies, with the goal of exploring Titan and Enceladus. The mission concept is to perform in situ investigations of two worlds tied together by location and properties, whose remarkable natures have been partly revealed by the ongoing Cassini–Huygens mission. These bodies still hold mysteries requiring a complete exploration using a variety of vehicles and instruments. TandEM is an ambitious mission because its targets are two of the most exciting and challenging bodies in the Solar System. It is designed to build on but exceed the scientific and technological accomplishments of the Cassini–Huygens mission, exploring Titan and Enceladus in ways that are not currently possible (full close-up and in situ coverage over long periods of time). In the current mission architecture, TandEM proposes to deliver two medium-sized spacecraft to the Saturnian system. One spacecraft would be an orbiter with a large host of instruments which would perform several Enceladus flybys and deliver penetrators to its surface before going into a dedicated orbit around Titan alone, while the other spacecraft would carry the Titan in situ investigation components, i.e. a hot-air balloon (Montgolfière) and possibly several landing probes to be delivered through the atmosphere.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10686-008-9103-z","usgsCitation":"Coustenis, A., Atreya, S., Balint, T., Brown, R.H., Dougherty, M., Ferri, F., Fulchignoni, M., Gautier, D., Gowen, R., Griffith, C., Gurvits, L., Jaumann, R., Langevin, Y., Leese, M., Lunine, J., McKay, C., Moussas, X., Muller-Wodarg, I., Neubauer, F., Owen, T., Raulin, F., Sittler, E., Sohl, F., Sotin, C., Tobie, G., Tokano, T., Turtle, E.P., Wahlund, J., Waite, J., Baines, K.H., Blamont, J.E., Coates, A., Dandouras, I., Krimigis, T., Lellouch, E., Lorenz, R.D., Morse, A., Porco, C., Hirtzig, M., Saur, J., Spilker, T., Zarnecki, J., Choi, E., Achilleos, N., Amils, R., Annan, P., Atkinson, D., Benilan, Y., Bertucci, C., Bezard, B., Bjoraker, G., Blanc, M., Boireau, L., Bouman, J., Cabane, M., Capria, M., Chassefiere, E., Coll, P., Combes, M., Cooper, J., Coradini, A., Crary, F., Cravens, T., Daglis, I., de Angelis, E., De Bergh, C., de Pater, I., Dunford, C., Durry, G., Dutuit, O., Fairbrother, D., Flasar, F., Fortes, A., Frampton, R., Fujimoto, M., Galand, M., Grasset, O., Grott, M., Haltigin, T., Herique, A., Hersant, F., Hussmann, H., Ip, W., Johnson, R., Kallio, E., Kempf, S., Knapmeyer, M., Kofman, W., Koop, R., Kostiuk, T., Krupp, N., Kuppers, M., Lammer, H., Lara, L., Lavvas, P., Le Mouelic, S., Lebonnois, S., Ledvina, S., Li, J., Livengood, T., Lopes, R., Lopez-Moreno, J.#., Luz, D., Mahaffy, P., Mall, U., Martinez-Frias, J., Marty, B., McCord, T., Salvan, C., Milillo, A., Mitchell, D., Modolo, R., Mousis, O., Nakamura, M., Neish, C.D., Nixon, C., Mvondo, D., Orton, G., Paetzold, M., Pitman, J., Pogrebenko, S., Pollard, W., Prieto-Ballesteros, O., Rannou, P., Reh, K., Richter, L., Robb, F., Rodrigo, R., Rodriguez, S., Romani, P., Bermejo, M., Sarris, E., Schenk, P., Schmitt, B., Schmitz, N., Schulze-Makuch, D., Schwingenschuh, K., Selig, A., Sicardy, B., Soderblom, L., Spilker, L., Stam, D., Steele, A., Stephan, K., Strobel, D., Szego, K., and , S., 2009, TandEM: Titan and Enceladus mission: Experimental Astronomy, v. 23, no. 3, p. 893-946, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10686-008-9103-z.","productDescription":"54 p.","startPage":"893","endPage":"946","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476204,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10686-008-9103-z","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246295,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-07-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba3d3e4b08c986b31ff04","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coustenis, A.","contributorId":11398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coustenis","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Atreya, S.K.","contributorId":93748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atreya","given":"S.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Balint, T.","contributorId":90144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balint","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, R. 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,{"id":70037215,"text":"70037215 - 2009 - Social, political, and institutional setting: Water management problems of the Rio Grande","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:07","indexId":"70037215","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2501,"text":"Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Social, political, and institutional setting: Water management problems of the Rio Grande","docAbstract":"This paper discusses various water management issues facing federal, state, and local agencies charged with managing the water resources of the Rio Grande River Basin and its major tributaries. The Rio Grande - 3,058 km (=1,900 mi) long - is the fourth longest river in the United States. The river's basin is 870,236 km<sup>2</sup> (=336,000 mi<sup>2</sup>) and for roughly two-thirds of its length it forms the United States-Mexican border. It is a major recreational resource providing world class trout fishing near its headwaters in Colorado's San Juan Mountains and shoreline, angling, and boating opportunities near the Colorado-New Mexico border. The Rio Grande is the principal tourist attraction of Big Bend National Park and flows through downtown Albuquerque and El Paso. Many reaches are wide and broad, but almost all are relatively shallow and not navigable by commercial ships. Nevertheless, it is one of the most important renewable water resources of the southwestern United States and North America. The issue of the \"manageability\" of the river in the face of social forces and disparate administrative jurisdictions that adversely impact Rio Grande flows is a thread linking various sections of the paper together. The length of the river; the fact that major reaches lie in Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas; and its unique role as an international boundary pose complex management problems. The allocation status quo formed by the complex nexus of existing river laws make it difficult to reshape Rio Grande management. ?? 2009 ASCE.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2009)135:6(493)","issn":"07339496","usgsCitation":"Douglas, A.J., 2009, Social, political, and institutional setting: Water management problems of the Rio Grande: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, v. 135, no. 6, p. 493-501, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2009)135:6(493).","startPage":"493","endPage":"501","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217169,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2009)135:6(493)"},{"id":245090,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"135","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b91c8e4b08c986b319ad1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Douglas, A. J.","contributorId":11172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"A.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70188540,"text":"70188540 - 2009 - Derivation of habitat-specific dissolved oxygen criteria for Chesapeake Bay and its tidal tributaries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T16:52:15","indexId":"70188540","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2277,"text":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Derivation of habitat-specific dissolved oxygen criteria for Chesapeake Bay and its tidal tributaries","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Chesapeake 2000 Agreement committed its state and federal signatories to “define the water quality conditions necessary to protect aquatic living resources” in the Chesapeake Bay (USA) and its tidal tributaries. Hypoxia is one of the key water quality issues addressed as a result of the above Agreement. This paper summarizes the protection goals and specific criteria intended to achieve those goals for addressing hypoxia. The criteria take into account the variety of Bay habitats and the tendency towards low dissolved oxygen in some areas of the Bay. Stressful dissolved oxygen conditions were characterized for a diverse array of living resources of the Chesapeake Bay by different aquatic habitats: migratory fish spawning and nursery, shallow-water, open-water, deep-water, and deep-channel. The dissolved oxygen criteria derived for each of these habitats are intended to protect against adverse effects on survival, growth, reproduction and behavior. The criteria accommodate both spatial and temporal aspects of low oxygen events, and have been adopted into the Chesapeake Bay states – Maryland, Virginia, and Delaware – and the District of Columbia's water quality standards regulations. These criteria, now in the form of state regulatory standards, are driving an array of land-based and wastewater pollution reduction actions across the six-watershed.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jembe.2009.07.023","usgsCitation":"Batiuk, R.A., Breitburg, D.L., Diaz, R.J., Cronin, T.M., Secor, D.H., and Thursby, G., 2009, Derivation of habitat-specific dissolved oxygen criteria for Chesapeake Bay and its tidal tributaries: Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, v. 381, no. Supplement, p. S204-S215, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2009.07.023.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"S204","endPage":"S215","ipdsId":"IP-018008","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342522,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Virginia, Washington, D.C.","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.904541015625,\n              37.10776507118514\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.926513671875,\n              37.32648861334206\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.794677734375,\n              37.579412513438385\n      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A.","contributorId":8368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batiuk","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Breitburg, Denise L.","contributorId":53294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breitburg","given":"Denise","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Diaz, Robert J.","contributorId":49023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diaz","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cronin, Thomas M. 0000-0002-2643-0979 tcronin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-0979","contributorId":2579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"Thomas","email":"tcronin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Secor, David H.","contributorId":179379,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Secor","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thursby, Glen","contributorId":192923,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thursby","given":"Glen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70036576,"text":"70036576 - 2009 - Detection and attribution of streamflow timing changes to climate change in the Western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:01","indexId":"70036576","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2216,"text":"Journal of Climate","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detection and attribution of streamflow timing changes to climate change in the Western United States","docAbstract":"This article applies formal detection and attribution techniques to investigate the nature of observed shifts in the timing of streamflow in the western United States. Previous studies have shown that the snow hydrology of the western United States has changed in the second half of the twentieth century. Such changes manifest themselves in the form of more rain and less snow, in reductions in the snow water contents, and in earlier snowmelt and associated advances in streamflow \"center\" timing (the day in the \"water-year\" on average when half the water-year flow at a point has passed). However, with one exception over a more limited domain, no other study has attempted to formally attribute these changes to anthropogenic increases of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Using the observations together with a set of global climate model simulations and a hydrologic model (applied to three major hydrological regions of the western United States_the California region, the upper Colorado River basin, and the Columbia River basin), it is found that the observed trends toward earlier \"center\" timing of snowmelt-driven streamflows in the western United States since 1950 are detectably different from natural variability (significant at the p < 0.05 level). Furthermore, the nonnatural parts of these changes can be attributed confidently to climate changes induced by anthropogenic greenhouse gases, aerosols, ozone, and land use. The signal from the Columbia dominates the analysis, and it is the only basin that showed a detectable signal when the analysis was performed on individual basins. It should be noted that although climate change is an important signal, other climatic processes have also contributed to the hydrologic variability of large basins in the western United States. ?? 2009 American Meteorological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Climate","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1175/2009JCLI2470.1","issn":"08948755","usgsCitation":"Hidalgo, H., Das, T., Dettinger, M.D., Cayan, D., Pierce, D., Barnett, T., Bala, G., Mirin, A., Wood, A., Bonfils, C., Santer, B., and Nozawa, T., 2009, Detection and attribution of streamflow timing changes to climate change in the Western United States: Journal of Climate, v. 22, no. 13, p. 3838-3855, https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JCLI2470.1.","startPage":"3838","endPage":"3855","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476205,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/2009jcli2470.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":217524,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009JCLI2470.1"},{"id":245477,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff65e4b0c8380cd4f179","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hidalgo, H.G.","contributorId":81229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hidalgo","given":"H.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Das, T.","contributorId":99383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Das","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dettinger, M. D. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":93069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":456821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cayan, D.R.","contributorId":25961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":456814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pierce, D.W.","contributorId":23342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Barnett, T.P.","contributorId":54763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnett","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bala, G.","contributorId":86983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bala","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Mirin, A.","contributorId":104294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mirin","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wood, A.W.","contributorId":43542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Bonfils, Celine","contributorId":51542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonfils","given":"Celine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Santer, B.D.","contributorId":95702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santer","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Nozawa, T.","contributorId":83345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nozawa","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70036631,"text":"70036631 - 2009 - Airborne gamma-ray and magnetic anomaly signatures of serpentinite in relation to soil geochemistry, northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:08","indexId":"70036631","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Airborne gamma-ray and magnetic anomaly signatures of serpentinite in relation to soil geochemistry, northern California","docAbstract":"Serpentinized ultramafic rocks and associated soils in northern California are characterized by high concentrations of Cr and Ni, low levels of radioelements (K, Th, and U) and high amounts of ferrimagnetic minerals (primarily magnetite). Geophysical attributes over ultramafic rocks, which include airborne gamma-ray and magnetic anomaly data, are quantified and provide indirect measurements on the relative abundance of radioelements and magnetic minerals, respectively. Attributes are defined through a statistical modeling approach and the results are portrayed as probabilities in chart and map form. Two predictive models are presented, including one derived from the aeromagnetic anomaly data and one from a combination of the airborne K, Th and U gamma-ray data. Both models distinguish preferential values within the aerogeophysical data that coincide with mapped and potentially unmapped ultramafic rocks. The magnetic predictive model shows positive probabilities associated with magnetic anomaly highs and, to a lesser degree, anomaly lows, which accurately locate many known ultramafic outcrops, but more interestingly, locate potentially unmapped ultramafic rocks, possible extensions of ultramafic bodies that dip into the shallow subsurface, as well as prospective buried ultramafic rocks. The airborne radiometric model shows positive probabilities in association with anomalously low gamma radiation measurements over ultramafic rock, which is similar to that produced by gabbro, metavolcanic rock, and water bodies. All of these features share the characteristic of being depleted in K, Th and U. Gabbro is the only rock type in the study area that shares similar magnetic properties with the ultramafic rock. The aerogeophysical model results are compared to the distribution of ultramafic outcrops and to Cr, Ni, K, Th and U concentrations and magnetic susceptibility measurements from soil samples. Analysis of the soil data indicates high positive correlation between magnetic susceptibilities and concentration of Cr and Ni. Although the study focused on characterizing the geophysical properties of ultramafic rocks and associated soils, it has also yielded information on other rock types in addition to ultramafic rocks, which can also locally host naturally-occurring asbestos; specifically, gabbro and metavolcanic rocks.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.007","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"McCafferty, A.E., and Van Gosen, B.S., 2009, Airborne gamma-ray and magnetic anomaly signatures of serpentinite in relation to soil geochemistry, northern California: Applied Geochemistry, v. 24, no. 8, p. 1524-1537, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.007.","startPage":"1524","endPage":"1537","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245395,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217446,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.007"}],"volume":"24","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e920e4b0c8380cd480f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCafferty, A. E.","contributorId":93499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCafferty","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Gosen, B. S. 0000-0003-4214-3811","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4214-3811","contributorId":97907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Gosen","given":"B.","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70198254,"text":"70198254 - 2009 - Precision leveling and geodetic GPS observations performed on Surtsey between 1967 and 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-25T10:27:37","indexId":"70198254","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3500,"text":"Surtsey Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Precision leveling and geodetic GPS observations performed on Surtsey between 1967 and 2002","docAbstract":"<p>The load on the crust from the ~ 0.8 km<sup>3</sup> of eruptive products of the Surtsey eruption is expected to lead to subsidence of the Surtsey island by sagging of the lithosphere, compaction of material, and slumping of the volcanic edifice. Immediately after the eruption ended in the summer of 1967 a levelling line was established across the island to monitor this expected subsidence. The line originally contained 42 benchmarks. As Surtsey is subjected to extensive erosion, in particular in the western and southern parts of the island, the western section of the line has been lost to the sea. In the year 2002 the line ended with benchmark 28. Additional benchmarks were installed 1979, 1982, 1985 and 2002, to fill in gaps in the original line and another profile was installed through the Surtur I crater. Between 1967 and 2002 levelling has been performed eleven times. One benchmark was surveyed with geodetic GPS in 1992. The benchmark was resurveyed in 2000 and 2002 and the GPS network has been extended to comprise four points. In this report we have compiled the levelling data collected on Surtsey so far. Furthermore we present coordinates for the GPS-benchmarks. Continuing subsidence of Surtsey is observed with a decaying rate. The area around the Surtur I crater is the most stable part with a subsidence rate of 0.7 cm/yr in the period 1991–2002. The largest subsidence is observed at the flanks of the island with rates up to 1.4 cm/yr. The excess rate here is most likely caused by slumping of the sides of the island.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Surtsey","usgsCitation":"Sturkell, E., Einarsson, P., Geirsson, H., Tryggvason, E., Moore, J.G., and Olafsdottir, R., 2009, Precision leveling and geodetic GPS observations performed on Surtsey between 1967 and 2002: Surtsey Research, v. 12, p. 39-45.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"45","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355909,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Iceland","otherGeospatial":"Surtsey","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -26.455078125,\n              62.935234870604695\n            ],\n            [\n              -12.216796875,\n              62.935234870604695\n            ],\n            [\n              -12.216796875,\n              66.80922097449334\n            ],\n            [\n              -26.455078125,\n              66.80922097449334\n            ],\n            [\n              -26.455078125,\n              62.935234870604695\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98ba46e4b0702d0e845338","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sturkell, Erik","contributorId":169104,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sturkell","given":"Erik","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25420,"text":"Department of Earth Sciences, Gothenburg University, Sweden","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":740750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Einarsson, P.","contributorId":96018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Einarsson","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Geirsson, Halldor","contributorId":206490,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Geirsson","given":"Halldor","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tryggvason, E.","contributorId":68884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tryggvason","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moore, James G. 0000-0002-7543-2401 jmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7543-2401","contributorId":2892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"James","email":"jmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":740754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Olafsdottir, Rosa","contributorId":206491,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olafsdottir","given":"Rosa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70036636,"text":"70036636 - 2009 - Helmand river hydrologic studies using ALOS PALSAR InSAR and ENVISAT altimetry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-10T19:08:01","indexId":"70036636","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2666,"text":"Marine Geodesy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Helmand river hydrologic studies using ALOS PALSAR InSAR and ENVISAT altimetry","docAbstract":"The Helmand River wetland represents the only fresh-water resource in southern Afghanistan and one of the least mapped water basins in the world. The relatively narrow wetland consists of mostly marshes surrounded by dry lands. In this study, we demonstrate the use of the Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) Interferometric SAR (InSAR) to detect the changes of the Helmand River wetland water level. InSAR images are combined with the geocentric water level measurements from the retracked high-rate (18-Hz) Environmental Satellite (Envisat) radar altimetry to construct absolute water level changes over the marshes. It is demonstrated that the integration of the altimeter and InSAR can provide spatio-temporal measurements of water level variation over the Helmand River marshes where in situ measurements are absent. ?? Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/01490410903094833","issn":"01490419","usgsCitation":"Lu, Z., Kim, J., Lee, H., Shum, C., Duan, J., Ibaraki, M., Akyilmaz, O., and Read, C., 2009, Helmand river hydrologic studies using ALOS PALSAR InSAR and ENVISAT altimetry: Marine Geodesy, v. 32, no. 3, p. 320-333, https://doi.org/10.1080/01490410903094833.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"320","endPage":"333","numberOfPages":"14","ipdsId":"IP-013604","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245454,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217503,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01490410903094833"}],"volume":"32","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-08-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3046e4b0c8380cd5d4db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lu, Zhong 0000-0001-9181-1818 lu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9181-1818","contributorId":901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Zhong","email":"lu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":457091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kim, J.-W.","contributorId":75731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"J.-W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, H.","contributorId":40739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shum, C. K.","contributorId":85373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shum","given":"C. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Duan, J.","contributorId":103124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duan","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ibaraki, M.","contributorId":42813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ibaraki","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Akyilmaz, O.","contributorId":74610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Akyilmaz","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Read, C.-H.","contributorId":86602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Read","given":"C.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70035731,"text":"70035731 - 2009 - Concentrations and loads of suspended sediment-associated pesticides in the San Joaquin River, California and tributaries during storm events","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T09:50:20","indexId":"70035731","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Concentrations and loads of suspended sediment-associated pesticides in the San Joaquin River, California and tributaries during storm events","docAbstract":"Current-use pesticides associated with suspended sediments were measured in the San Joaquin River, California and its tributaries during two storm events in 2008. Nineteen pesticides were detected: eight herbicides, nine insecticides, one fungicide and one insecticide synergist. Concentrations for the herbicides (0.1 to 3000 ng/g; median of 6.1 ng/g) were generally greater than those for the insecticides (0.2 to 51 ng/g; median of 1.5 ng/g). Concentrations in the tributaries were usually greater than in the mainstem San Joaquin River and the west side tributaries were higher than the east side tributaries. Estimated instantaneous loads ranged from 1.3 to 320 g/day for herbicides and 0.03 to 53 g/day for insecticides. The greatest instantaneous loads came from the Merced River on the east side. Instantaneous loads were greater for the first storm of 2008 than the second storm in the tributaries while the instantaneous loads within the San Joaquin River were greater during the second storm. Pesticide detections generally reflected pesticide application, but other factors such as physical-chemical properties and timing of application were also important to pesticide loads.","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.09.040","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Hladik, M., Domagalski, J.L., and Kuivila, K., 2009, Concentrations and loads of suspended sediment-associated pesticides in the San Joaquin River, California and tributaries during storm events: Science of the Total Environment, v. 408, no. 2, p. 356-364, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.09.040.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"356","endPage":"364","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244112,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216251,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.09.040"}],"volume":"408","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f989e4b0c8380cd4d66b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hladik, M.L. 0000-0002-0891-2712","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0891-2712","contributorId":51111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hladik","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Domagalski, Joseph L. 0000-0002-6032-757X joed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-757X","contributorId":1330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domagalski","given":"Joseph","email":"joed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuivila, K.M.","contributorId":34529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuivila","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034866,"text":"70034866 - 2009 - Use of predictive models and rapid methods to nowcast bacteria levels at coastal beaches","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-04T12:55:14","indexId":"70034866","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":865,"text":"Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of predictive models and rapid methods to nowcast bacteria levels at coastal beaches","docAbstract":"<p>The need for rapid assessments of recreational water quality to better protect public health is well accepted throughout the research and regulatory communities. Rapid analytical methods, such as quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunomagnetic separation/adenosine triphosphate (ATP) analysis, are being tested but are not yet ready for widespread use.</p><p>Another solution is the use of predictive models, wherein variable(s) that are easily and quickly measured are surrogates for concentrations of fecal-indicator bacteria. Rainfall-based alerts, the simplest type of model, have been used by several communities for a number of years. Deterministic models use mathematical representations of the processes that affect bacteria concentrations; this type of model is being used for beach-closure decisions at one location in the USA. Multivariable statistical models are being developed and tested in many areas of the USA; however, they are only used in three areas of the Great Lakes to aid in notifications of beach advisories or closings. These “operational” statistical models can result in more accurate assessments of recreational water quality than use of the previous day's <i>Escherichia coli (E. coli)</i>concentration as determined by traditional culture methods. The Ohio Nowcast, at Huntington Beach, Bay Village, Ohio, is described in this paper as an example of an operational statistical model. Because predictive modeling is a dynamic process, water-resource managers continue to collect additional data to improve the predictive ability of the nowcast and expand the nowcast to other Ohio beaches and a recreational river. Although predictive models have been shown to work well at some beaches and are becoming more widely accepted, implementation in many areas is limited by funding, lack of coordinated technical leadership, and lack of supporting epidemiological data.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/14634980902905767","issn":"14634988","usgsCitation":"Francy, D.S., 2009, Use of predictive models and rapid methods to nowcast bacteria levels at coastal beaches: Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management, v. 12, no. 2, p. 177-182, https://doi.org/10.1080/14634980902905767.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"177","endPage":"182","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243771,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf5ce4b08c986b329af4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Francy, Donna S. 0000-0001-9229-3557 dsfrancy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9229-3557","contributorId":1853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Francy","given":"Donna","email":"dsfrancy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":448069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70034896,"text":"70034896 - 2009 - Improving the design of amphibian surveys using soil data: A case study in two wilderness areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:42","indexId":"70034896","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2821,"text":"Natural Areas Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improving the design of amphibian surveys using soil data: A case study in two wilderness areas","docAbstract":"Amphibian populations are known, or thought to be, declining worldwide. Although protected natural areas may act as reservoirs of biological integrity and serve as benchmarks for comparison with unprotected areas, they are not immune from population declines and extinctions and should be monitored. Unfortunately, identifying survey sites and performing long-term fieldwork within such (often remote) areas involves a special set of problems. We used the USDA Natural Resource Conservation Service Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) Database to identify, a priori, potential habitat for aquatic-breeding amphibians on North and South Manitou Islands, Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore, Michigan, and compared the results to those obtained using National Wetland Inventory (NWI) data. The SSURGO approach identified more target sites for surveys than the NWI approach, and it identified more small and ephemeral wetlands. Field surveys used a combination of daytime call surveys, night-time call surveys, and perimeter surveys. We found that sites that would not have been identified with NWI data often contained amphibians and, in one case, contained wetland-breeding species that would not have been found using NWI data. Our technique allows for easy a priori identification of numerous survey sites that might not be identified using other sources of spatial information. We recognize, however, that the most effective site identification and survey techniques will likely use a combination of methods in addition to those described here.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Areas Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3375/043.029.0203","issn":"08858608","usgsCitation":"Bowen, K., Beever, E., and Gafvert, U., 2009, Improving the design of amphibian surveys using soil data: A case study in two wilderness areas: Natural Areas Journal, v. 29, no. 2, p. 117-125, https://doi.org/10.3375/043.029.0203.","startPage":"117","endPage":"125","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215879,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3375/043.029.0203"},{"id":243713,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a397fe4b0c8380cd61942","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowen, K.D.","contributorId":56469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beever, E.A.","contributorId":80040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beever","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gafvert, U.B.","contributorId":32372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gafvert","given":"U.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034897,"text":"70034897 - 2009 - Bird-like anatomy, posture, and behavior revealed by an early jurassic theropod dinosaur resting trace","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:42","indexId":"70034897","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bird-like anatomy, posture, and behavior revealed by an early jurassic theropod dinosaur resting trace","docAbstract":"Background: Fossil tracks made by non-avian theropod dinosaurs commonly reflect the habitual bipedal stance retained in living birds. Only rarely-captured behaviors, such as crouching, might create impressions made by the hands. Such tracks provide valuable information concerning the often poorly understood functional morphology of the early theropod forelimb. Methodology/Principal Findings: Here we describe a well-preserved theropod trackway in a Lower Jurassic (???198 millionyear- old) lacustrine beach sandstone in the Whitmore Point Member of the Moenave Formation in southwestern Utah. The trackway consists of prints of typical morphology, intermittent tail drags and, unusually, traces made by the animal resting on the substrate in a posture very similar to modern birds. The resting trace includes symmetrical pes impressions and well-defined impressions made by both hands, the tail, and the ischial callosity. Conclusions/Significance: The manus impressions corroborate that early theropods, like later birds, held their palms facing medially, in contrast to manus prints previously attributed to theropods that have forward-pointing digits. Both the symmetrical resting posture and the medially-facing palms therefore evolved by the Early Jurassic, much earlier in the theropod lineage than previously recognized, and may characterize all theropods.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0004591","issn":"19326203","usgsCitation":"Milner, A.R., Harris, J., Lockley, M., Kirkland, J., and Matthews, N., 2009, Bird-like anatomy, posture, and behavior revealed by an early jurassic theropod dinosaur resting trace: PLoS ONE, v. 4, no. 3, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0004591.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476520,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0004591","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243742,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215906,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0004591"}],"volume":"4","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-03-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f1b7e4b0c8380cd4adc6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milner, Andrew R.C.","contributorId":13422,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Milner","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"R.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harris, J.D.","contributorId":105552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lockley, M.G.","contributorId":34301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockley","given":"M.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kirkland, J.I.","contributorId":47938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirkland","given":"J.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Matthews, N.A.","contributorId":37565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matthews","given":"N.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035875,"text":"70035875 - 2009 - Broadband records of earthquakes in deep gold mines and a comparison with results from SAFOD, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-26T15:11:27","indexId":"70035875","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Broadband records of earthquakes in deep gold mines and a comparison with results from SAFOD, California","docAbstract":"<p><span>For one week during September 2007, we deployed a temporary network of field recorders and accelerometers at four sites within two deep, seismically active mines. The ground-motion data, recorded at 200&nbsp;samples/sec, are well suited to determining source and ground-motion parameters for the mining-induced earthquakes within and adjacent to our network. Four earthquakes with magnitudes close to 2 were recorded with high signal/noise at all four sites. Analysis of seismic moments and peak velocities, in conjunction with the results of laboratory stick-slip friction experiments, were used to estimate source processes that are key to understanding source physics and to assessing underground seismic hazard. The maximum displacements on the rupture surfaces can be estimated from the parameter&nbsp;</span><span id=\"inline-formula-1\" class=\"inline-formula\"><span class=\"highwire-responsive-lazyload\"><img class=\"highwire-embed  lazyloaded\" src=\"http://bssa.geoscienceworld.org/sites/default/files/highwire/ssabull/99/5/2815/embed/inline-graphic-1.gif\" alt=\"Embedded Image\" data-src=\"http://bssa.geoscienceworld.org/sites/default/files/highwire/ssabull/99/5/2815/embed/inline-graphic-1.gif\" data-mce-src=\"http://bssa.geoscienceworld.org/sites/default/files/highwire/ssabull/99/5/2815/embed/inline-graphic-1.gif\"></span></span><span>, where<span>&nbsp;</span></span><span id=\"inline-formula-2\" class=\"inline-formula\"><span class=\"highwire-responsive-lazyload\"><img class=\"highwire-embed  lazyloaded\" src=\"http://bssa.geoscienceworld.org/sites/default/files/highwire/ssabull/99/5/2815/embed/inline-graphic-2.gif\" alt=\"Embedded Image\" data-src=\"http://bssa.geoscienceworld.org/sites/default/files/highwire/ssabull/99/5/2815/embed/inline-graphic-2.gif\" data-mce-src=\"http://bssa.geoscienceworld.org/sites/default/files/highwire/ssabull/99/5/2815/embed/inline-graphic-2.gif\"></span></span><span><span>&nbsp;</span>is the peak ground velocity at a given recording site, and<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>R</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>is the hypocentral distance. For each earthquake, the maximum slip and seismic moment can be combined with results from laboratory friction experiments to estimate the maximum slip rate within the rupture zone. Analysis of the four<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>M</i><span>&nbsp;2 earthquakes recorded during our deployment and one of special interest recorded by the in-mine seismic network in 2004 revealed maximum slips ranging from 4 to 27&nbsp;mm and maximum slip rates from 1.1 to 6.3 m/sec. Applying the same analyses to an<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>M</i><span>&nbsp;2.1 earthquake within a cluster of repeating earthquakes near the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth site, California, yielded similar results for maximum slip and slip rate, 14&nbsp;mm and 4.0 m/sec.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120080336","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"McGarr, A.F., Boettcher, M., Fletcher, J.P., Sell, R., Johnston, M.J., Durrheim, R., Spottiswoode, S., and Milev, A., 2009, Broadband records of earthquakes in deep gold mines and a comparison with results from SAFOD, California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 99, no. 5, p. 2815-2824, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120080336.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2815","endPage":"2824","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-010470","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476379,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.583.3861","text":"External Repository"},{"id":216496,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120080336"},{"id":244370,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-09-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f286e4b0c8380cd4b218","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGarr, Arthur F. 0000-0001-9769-4093 mcgarr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9769-4093","contributorId":3178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGarr","given":"Arthur","email":"mcgarr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boettcher, M.","contributorId":28828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boettcher","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fletcher, Jon Peter B. 0000-0001-8885-6177 jfletcher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8885-6177","contributorId":1216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"Jon","email":"jfletcher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Peter B.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sell, Russell rwsell@usgs.gov","contributorId":3218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sell","given":"Russell","email":"rwsell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":452861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnston, Malcolm J. S. 0000-0003-4326-8368 mal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4326-8368","contributorId":622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"Malcolm","email":"mal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":452865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Durrheim, R.","contributorId":93304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durrheim","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Spottiswoode, S.","contributorId":30366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spottiswoode","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Milev, A.","contributorId":82945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milev","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70035906,"text":"70035906 - 2009 - Diverse lavas from closely spaced volcanoes drawing from a common parent: Emmons Lake Volcanic Center, Eastern Aleutian Arc","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-22T08:58:17","indexId":"70035906","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diverse lavas from closely spaced volcanoes drawing from a common parent: Emmons Lake Volcanic Center, Eastern Aleutian Arc","docAbstract":"Emmons Lake Volcanic Center (ELVC) on the lower Alaskan Peninsula is one of the largest and most diverse volcanic centers in the Aleutian Arc. Since the Middle Pleistocene, eruption of ~ 350 km<sup>3</sup> of basalt through rhyolite has produced a 30 km, arc front chain of nested calderas and overlapping stratovolcanoes. ELVC has experienced as many as five major caldera-forming eruptions, the most recent, at ~ 27 ka, produced ~ 50 km<sup>3</sup> of rhyolitic ignimbrite and ash fall. These violent silicic events were interspersed with less energetic, but prodigious, outpourings of basalt through dacite. Holocene eruptions are mostly basaltic andesite to andesite and historically recorded activity includes over 40 eruptions within the last 200 yr, all from Pavlof volcano, the most active site in the Aleutian Arc. Geochemical and geophysical observations suggest that although all ELVC eruptions derive from a common clinopyroxene + spinel + plagioclase fractionating high-aluminum basalt parent in the lower crust, magma follows one of two closely spaced, but distinct paths to the surface. Under the eastern end of the chain, magma moves rapidly and cleanly through a relatively young (~ 28 ka), hydraulically connected dike plexus. Steady supply, short magma residence times, and limited interaction with crustal rocks preserve the geochemistry of deep crustal processes. Below the western part of the chain, magma moves haltingly through a long-lived (~ 500 ka) and complex intrusive column in which many generations of basaltic to andesitic melts have mingled and fractionated. Buoyant, silicic melts periodically separate from the lower parts of the column to feed voluminous eruptions of dacite and rhyolite. Mafic lavas record a complicated passage through cumulate zones and hydrous silicic residues as manifested by disequilibrium phenocryst textures, incompatible element enrichments, and decoupling of REEs and HFSEs ratios. Such features are absent in mafic lavas from the younger part of the chain, highlighting the importance of plumbing architecture and longevity in creating petrologic diversity. Supplemental Data include 156 major element (XRF) and 128 trace element (ICP-MS) whole-rock analyses, 23 new <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar ages, a generalized geologic map with associated unit descriptions and field photographs, and photomicrographs of key petrographic features.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2009.08.018","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Mangan, M., Miller, T., Waythomas, C., Trusdell, F., Calvert, A., and Layer, P., 2009, Diverse lavas from closely spaced volcanoes drawing from a common parent: Emmons Lake Volcanic Center, Eastern Aleutian Arc: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 287, no. 3-4, p. 363-372, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.08.018.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"363","endPage":"372","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244372,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -162.12112426757812,\n              55.31410322303185\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.99203491210938,\n              55.31410322303185\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.99203491210938,\n              55.36194173392781\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.12112426757812,\n              55.36194173392781\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.12112426757812,\n              55.31410322303185\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"287","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a034ce4b0c8380cd503f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mangan, M.","contributorId":20091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mangan","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, T.","contributorId":92749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Waythomas, C.","contributorId":59269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waythomas","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Trusdell, F.","contributorId":61233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trusdell","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Calvert, A.","contributorId":105089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calvert","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Layer, P.","contributorId":55188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Layer","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
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