The effect of storms on long-term dynamics of barrier islands was evaluated on Core Banks, a series of barrier islands that extend from Cape Lookout to Okracoke Inlet in the Cape Lookout National Seashore, North Carolina. Shoreline and elevation changes were determined by comparing 77 profiles and associated reference markers established by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) on Core Banks from June 1960 to July 1962 to a follow-up survey by Godfrey and Godfrey (G&G) in 1971 and a survey by the Department of Geology at East Carolina University (ECU) in 2001, in which 57 of the original 77 profiles were located.
\nEvaluation of the baseline data associated with the USACE study supplies an important record of barrier island response to two specific storm events—Hurricane Donna in September 1960 and the Ash Wednesday extra-tropical cyclone in March 1962. The 1962 USACE survey was followed by 9 years characterized by no major storms; this low-energy period was captured by the G&G survey in 1971. The G&G survey was followed by 22 years characterized by occasional small to moderate storms. Starting in 1993, however, and continuing through 1999, the North Carolina coast experienced a major increase in storm activity, with seven major hurricanes impacting Core Banks.
\nBoth the USACE 1960–1962 and G&G 1962–1971 surveys produced short-term data sets that reflected very different sets of weather conditions. The ECU 2001 survey data were then compared with the USACE 1960 survey data to develop a long-term (41 years) data set for shoreline erosion on Core Banks. Those resulting long-term data were compared with the long-term (52 years) data sets by the North Carolina Division of Coastal Management (NCDCM) from 1940–1992 and 1946–1998; a strong positive correlation and very similar rates of average annual erosion resulted. However, the ECU and NCDCM long-term data sets did not correlate with either of the USACE and G&G short-term survey data and had very different average annual erosion rates.
\nThe average annual long-term rate of shoreline erosion for all of Core Banks and for both the ECU 1960–2001 and the NCDCM 1946–1998 surveys was -5 feet per year (ft/yr). These long-term rates of shoreline recession are in strong contrast with the short-term, storm-dominated rates of shoreline erosion for all of Core Banks developed by the USACE 1960–1961 and USACE 1961–1962 surveys, which have average annual erosion rates of -40 ft/yr and -26 ft/yr, respectively, and range from -226 feet (ft) to +153 ft. The combined short-term, storm-dominated shoreline erosion rate for the USACE surveys (1960–1962) was -36 ft/yr. In contrast, the average annual short-term, non-stormy period G&G 1962–1971 survey demonstrated shoreline accretion for all of Core Banks with an average annual rate of +12 ft/yr. In general, North Core Banks has higher erosion and accretion rates than South Core Banks.
\nIn the 1961 survey, the USACE installed 231 reference markers (RM-0 is closest to the ocean and RM-2 is farthest from the ocean) along the 77 profiles, as well as 33 reference markers labeled RM-4, RM-6, and RM-8 in the wider portions of the islands. The G&G survey recovered a total of 141 reference markers (61 percent), and the ECU survey recovered a total of 83 reference markers (36 percent) of the RM-0, RM-1, and RM-2 markers. The average ground elevation measured by the USACE in 1961 was RM-0 = +5.8 ft, RM-1 = +5.2 ft, and RM-2 = +4.8 ft. The G&G 1970 survey measured average ground elevations of RM-0 = +6.7 ft, RM-1 = +6.4 ft, and RM-2 = +6.1 ft, and the average ground elevation measured by ECU in 2001 was RM-0 = +10.1 ft, RM-1 = +9.1 ft, and RM-2 = +8.5 ft. The latter numbers represent approximately an overall 72-percent increase in island elevation from 1961 to 2001. Based on aerial photographic time-slice analyses, it is hypothesized that this increase in island elevation occurred during the post-1962 period with storm overwash systematically raising the island elevation through time, which in turn led to decreased numbers of overwash events. The latter processes and responses in turn led to a substantial increase in vegetative growth on the barrier island, as well as submerged aquatic vegetation on the back-barrier sand shoals.
\nIntegration of the USACE, G&G, ECU, and NCDCM shoreline erosion data for Core Banks shows several important points about shoreline recession. (1) The ECU and NCDCM data sets demonstrate that there is an ongoing net, long-term, but small-scale shoreline recession associated with Core Banks; (2) the USACE short-term data sets demonstrate that processes associated with individual storm events or sets of events produce extremely large-scale changes that include both erosion and accretion; (3) the short-term, non-stormy period data set of G&G demonstrates that if given enough time between storm events, barriers can rebuild to their pre-storm period conditions; and (4) the post-storm response generally tends to approach the pre-storm location, but rarely reaches it before the next storm or stormy period sets in. The result is the net long-term change documented by both the ECU 1960–2001 and NCDCM 1946–1998 Core Banks data sets that resulted in erosion rates ranging from 0 to -30 ft/yr with net annual average recession rates of -5 ft/yr.
\nAnalysis and comparison of these data sets supply important information for understanding the dynamics and responses of barrier island systems through time. In addition, the results of the present study on Core Banks supply essential process-response information that can be used to design and implement management plans for the Cape Lookout and Cape Hatteras National Seashores and for other seashores in the U.S. National Park Service system.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20065309","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service and East Carolina University","usgsCitation":"Riggs, S., and Ames, D.V., 2007, Effect of storms on barrier island dynamics, Core Banks, Cape Lookout National Seashore, North Carolina, 1960-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5309, x, 73 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065309.","productDescription":"x, 73 p.","numberOfPages":"85","temporalStart":"1960-01-01","temporalEnd":"2001-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":680,"text":"Woods Hole Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":428013,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81818.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":293757,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5309/pdf/sir2006-5309.pdf"},{"id":10278,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5309/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":192095,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20065309.PNG"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Barrier Island, Core Banks, Cape Lookout National Seashore","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.5744,34.5787 ], [ -76.5744,35.2783 ], [ -75.4881,35.2783 ], [ -75.4881,34.5787 ], [ -76.5744,34.5787 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625795","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riggs, Stanley R.","contributorId":25983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riggs","given":"Stanley R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ames, Dorothea V.","contributorId":51394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ames","given":"Dorothea","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80449,"text":"ofr20071244 - 2007 - Escherichia coli and Suspended Sediment in Berger Ditch at Maumee Bay State Park, Oregon, Ohio, 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:21","indexId":"ofr20071244","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1244","title":"Escherichia coli and Suspended Sediment in Berger Ditch at Maumee Bay State Park, Oregon, Ohio, 2006","docAbstract":"Berger Ditch discharges to the marina at Maumee Bay State Park (MBSP), just east of the MBSP bathing beach. Recent studies by U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and University of Toledo researchers have identified the ditch as a source of Escherichia coli (E. coli), an indicator bacterium that is used to assess recreational water quality. An automatic sampler was installed at a USGS streamgage on Berger Ditch. Samples were collected as a function of streamflow, including negative flow conditions. Instantaneous discharges of E. coli and suspended sediment from Berger Ditch were calculated. When samples were collected, streamflow ranged from -21 to 227 cubic feet per second (ft3/s) and over the entire time period, streamflow ranged from -23 to 243 ft3/s. Discharges of E. coli ranged from 2.5 ? 108 to greater than 2.6 ? 1010 colony-forming units per second (cfu/s), and suspended-sediment discharges ranged from 0.01 to 2.2 kilograms per second (kg/s). One sample was collected during negative flow conditions, and discharges of E. coli and suspended sediment in this sample were -4.3 ? 108 cfu/s and -0.015 kg/s, respectively.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071244","usgsCitation":"Brady, A., 2007, Escherichia coli and Suspended Sediment in Berger Ditch at Maumee Bay State Park, Oregon, Ohio, 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1244, iv, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071244.","productDescription":"iv, 6 p.","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190945,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10275,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1244/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a82b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brady, Amie M. G.","contributorId":29774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"Amie M. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":80394,"text":"ofr20071163 - 2007 - Geophysical framework investigations influencing ground-water resources in east-central Nevada and west-central Utah, with a section on geologic and geophysical basin by basin descriptions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-14T21:49:28.787524","indexId":"ofr20071163","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1163","title":"Geophysical framework investigations influencing ground-water resources in east-central Nevada and west-central Utah, with a section on geologic and geophysical basin by basin descriptions","docAbstract":"A geophysical investigation was undertaken as part of an effort to characterize the geologic framework influencing ground-water resources in east-central Nevada and west-central Utah. New gravity data were combined with existing aeromagnetic, drill-hole, and geologic data to help determine basin geometry, infer structural features, estimate depth to pre-Cenozoic basement rocks, and further constrain the horizontal extents of exposed and buried plutons. In addition, a three-dimensional (3D) geologic model was constructed to help illustrate the often complex geometries of individual basins and aid in assessing the connectivity of adjacent basins. In general, the thirteen major valleys within the study area have axes oriented north-south and frequently contain one or more sub-basins. These basins are often asymmetric and typically reach depths of 2 km. Analysis of gravity data helped delineate geophysical lineaments and accommodation zones. Structural complexities may further compartmentalize ground-water flow within basins and the influence of tectonics on basin sedimentation further complicates their hydrologic properties.\r\n\r\nThe horizontal extent of exposed and, in particular, buried plutons was estimated over the entire study area. The location and subsurface extents of these plutons will be very important for regional water resource assessments, as these features may act as either barriers or pathways for groundwater flow. A previously identified basement gravity low strikes NW within the study area and occurs within a highly extended terrane between the Butte and Confusion synclinoria. Evidence from geophysical, geologic, and seismic reflection data suggests relatively lower density plutonic rocks may extend to moderate crustal depths and rocks of similar composition may be the source of the entire basement gravity anomaly.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071163","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management (BLM)","usgsCitation":"Watt, J.T., Ponce, D.A., and Wallace, A., 2007, Geophysical framework investigations influencing ground-water resources in east-central Nevada and west-central Utah, with a section on geologic and geophysical basin by basin descriptions (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1163, Report: iv, 43 p.; 2 Plates: 18.00 × 23.15 inches and 18.00 × 23.90 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071163.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 43 p.; 2 Plates: 18.00 × 23.15 inches and 18.00 × 23.90 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":314,"text":"Geophysics Unit of Menlo Park, CA (GUMP)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194373,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402190,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81795.htm"},{"id":10217,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1163/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada, Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.5,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -113,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -113,\n 40.5\n ],\n [\n -116.5,\n 40.5\n ],\n [\n -116.5,\n 37\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c48a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watt, Janet T. 0000-0002-4759-3814","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4759-3814","contributorId":8564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watt","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ponce, David A. 0000-0003-4785-7354 ponce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4785-7354","contributorId":1049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponce","given":"David","email":"ponce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wallace, Alan R.","contributorId":287598,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wallace","given":"Alan R.","affiliations":[{"id":61619,"text":"USGS emeritus, not in Active Directory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":844689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":80386,"text":"ofr20071191 - 2007 - The geology of Six Mile Reef, eastern Long Island Sound","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-11T13:20:24.031072","indexId":"ofr20071191","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1191","title":"The geology of Six Mile Reef, eastern Long Island Sound","docAbstract":"Digital terrain models, which can be produced from multibeam bathymetric data, are ordered arrays of depths for a number of sea-floor positions sampled at regularly spaced intervals. These models provide valuable base maps for marine geological interpretations that help define the variability of the sea floor (one of the primary controls of benthic habitat diversity), improve our understanding of the processes that control the distribution and transport of bottom sediments and the distribution of benthic habitats, and provide a detailed framework to guide and assist future research, monitoring, and management activities.
The bathymetry interpreted herein was processed from data collected by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration vessels during hydrographic surveys H11361 and H11252. These surveys mapped roughly 156 km² of sea floor in the vicinity of Six Mile Reef, an area of eastern Long Island Sound where the sea floor is characterized by fields of large sand waves and an east-west decreasing gradient of bottom tidal-current speeds (fig. 1). Interpretations of the bathymetry are supplemented by concurrently collected seismic reflection data, as well as archived historic seismic profiles, sediment samples and bottom photography collected as part of a long-standing geologic mapping partnership between the State of Connecticut and the U.S. Geological Survey (fig. 2). The purpose of this digital report is 1) to provide the acoustic data layers produced during the above mentioned surveys, 2) to use them to describe the sea-floor character and bedform morphologies near Six Mile Reef, and 3) to relate these descriptions to ongoing processes and sedimentary environments.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071191","usgsCitation":"Poppe, L., Denny, J.F., Williams, S., Moser, M.S., Forfinski, N., Stewart, H., and Doran, E.F., 2007, The geology of Six Mile Reef, eastern Long Island Sound: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1191, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071191.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":680,"text":"Woods Hole Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191382,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20071191.PNG"},{"id":10209,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1191/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, New York","otherGeospatial":"Long Island Sound, Six Mile Reef","geographicExtents":"{\"crs\": {\"type\": \"name\", \"properties\": {\"name\": \"urn:ogc:def:crs:OGC:1.3:CRS84\"}}, \"geometry\": {\"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [[[-72.53859631199987, 41.218613803000096], [-72.39995053699988, 41.21874296300012], [-72.39917557899993, 41.1488675590001], [-72.50685172499993, 41.147174132000096], [-72.53914165299989, 41.148437027000035], [-72.53973895299993, 41.152452098000126], [-72.63745415599995, 41.15135684000012], [-72.64780867799993, 41.15392906600014], [-72.64759869999995, 41.15795801200005], [-72.64501335099993, 41.158863541000116], [-72.64858296999994, 41.163627408000174], [-72.64573312599987, 41.167984378000064], [-72.64748058799995, 41.178325842000085], [-72.64573514899983, 41.18675119500003], [-72.64807114999985, 41.18816854400017], [-72.64556454199987, 41.188890342000015], [-72.64757245299991, 41.19235497300006], [-72.64555141799985, 41.195898344999996], [-72.64868883399991, 41.198774326000034], [-72.64586602199995, 41.20452898600011], [-72.64558737499988, 41.21457238100004], [-72.53995891699992, 41.214048287000175], [-72.53859631199987, 41.218613803000096]]]}, \"properties\": {\"extentType\": \"Custom\", \"code\": \"\", \"name\": \"\", \"notes\": \"\", \"promotedForReuse\": false, \"abbreviation\": \"\", \"shortName\": \"\", \"description\": \"\"}, \"bbox\": [-72.64868883399991, 41.14704497200005, -72.39817100399995, 41.21874296300012], \"type\": \"Feature\", \"id\": \"3091886\"}","contact":"","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c591","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poppe, L. J.","contributorId":72782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"L.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Denny, J. F.","contributorId":13653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denny","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, S.J.","contributorId":85203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moser, M. S.","contributorId":98391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moser","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Forfinski, N.A.","contributorId":13702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forfinski","given":"N.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stewart, H.F.","contributorId":83620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"H.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Doran, E. F.","contributorId":31066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":80383,"text":"ofr20071281 - 2007 - Quaternary stratigraphy, drainage-basin development, and geomorphology of the Lake Manix basin, Mojave Desert: Guidebook for fall field trip, Friends of the Pleistocene, Pacific Cell, October 4-7, 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-03T21:22:38.393479","indexId":"ofr20071281","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1281","title":"Quaternary stratigraphy, drainage-basin development, and geomorphology of the Lake Manix basin, Mojave Desert: Guidebook for fall field trip, Friends of the Pleistocene, Pacific Cell, October 4-7, 2007","docAbstract":"The 2007 field trip of the Pacific Cell, Friends of the Pleistocene, visited features of the Quaternary geology and geomorphology of the Lake Manix basin in the Mojave Desert. This report is the guidebook for this trip and includes some discussion of relations observable along the road and at various field trip stops. The Mojave River originates in the San Bernardino Mountains and in high-water years flows north and east to its terminus in Silver Lake playa north of Baker, Calif. Along this course, the river passes through or near several basins that were internally drained prior to integration by the Mojave River, including the Victorville, Harper, Manix, and Soda Lake basins. Sediments in the Lake Manix basin record Mojave River discharge and lake fluctuations that began during the middle Pleistocene and continued through most of the late Pleistocene.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071281","usgsCitation":"Reheis, M., Miller, D., and Redwine, J.L., 2007, Quaternary stratigraphy, drainage-basin development, and geomorphology of the Lake Manix basin, Mojave Desert: Guidebook for fall field trip, Friends of the Pleistocene, Pacific Cell, October 4-7, 2007 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1281, iv, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071281.","productDescription":"iv, 31 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191568,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":401726,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81721.htm"},{"id":10206,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1281/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Lake Manix basin, Mojave Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.8833,\n 35.125\n ],\n [\n -116.3333,\n 35.125\n ],\n [\n -116.3333,\n 34.7792\n ],\n [\n -116.8833,\n 34.7792\n ],\n [\n -116.8833,\n 35.125\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685c29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reheis, Marith C. 0000-0002-8359-323X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8359-323X","contributorId":101244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reheis","given":"Marith C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, David M. 0000-0003-3711-0441 dmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3711-0441","contributorId":1707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"David M.","email":"dmiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":292405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Redwine, Joanna L.","contributorId":104581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redwine","given":"Joanna","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":80319,"text":"ofr20071264 - 2007 - Lava flow hazard assessment, as of August 2007, for Kīlauea east rift zone eruptions, Hawai‘i Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-24T12:22:31.035571","indexId":"ofr20071264","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1264","title":"Lava flow hazard assessment, as of August 2007, for Kīlauea east rift zone eruptions, Hawai‘i Island","docAbstract":"The most recent episode in the ongoing Pu'u 'O'o-Kupaianaha eruption of Kilauea Volcano is currently producing lava flows north of the east rift zone. Although they pose no immediate threat to communities, changes in flow behavior could conceivably cause future flows to advance downrift and impact communities thus far unaffected. This report reviews lava flow hazards in the Puna District and discusses the potential hazards posed by the recent change in activity. Members of the public are advised to increase their general awareness of these hazards and stay up-to-date on current conditions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071264","usgsCitation":"Kauahikaua, J., 2007, Lava flow hazard assessment, as of August 2007, for Kīlauea east rift zone eruptions, Hawai‘i Island (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1264, iii, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071264.","productDescription":"iii, 9 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190952,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10143,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1264/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":388383,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81675.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Hawaii Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.621337890625,\n 18.828316252698386\n ],\n [\n -154.62158203125,\n 19.445874298215937\n ],\n [\n -155.4840087890625,\n 20.3034175184893\n ],\n [\n -155.9674072265625,\n 20.33432561683554\n ],\n [\n -156.2091064453125,\n 19.777042202225964\n ],\n [\n -156.09375,\n 19.197053439464852\n ],\n [\n -155.621337890625,\n 18.828316252698386\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a89c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kauahikaua, Jim","contributorId":47366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauahikaua","given":"Jim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":80300,"text":"sir20075129 - 2007 - Relation between precipitation and the 25th percentile of June and September flows in streams in the Great Lakes, Ohio, and Upper Mississippi River Basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-01T14:12:27","indexId":"sir20075129","displayToPublicDate":"2007-08-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5129","title":"Relation between precipitation and the 25th percentile of June and September flows in streams in the Great Lakes, Ohio, and Upper Mississippi River Basins","docAbstract":"Regression models were developed for the 25th percentile of June and September flows (first quartile of flow) for 47 streamflow-gaging stations (gaging stations) in the Upper Mississippi, Ohio, and Great Lakes drainage basins. The gaging stations that were selected for this analysis are on unregulated rivers, have at least 40 years of record, and have a nearby weather station with at least 70 years of precipitation record. Regression models were developed for each gaging station relating annual 25th percentile of June and September flows to selected precipitation variables. The explanatory variables are monthly precipitation (April-June, July-September) for each year of record, precipitation for the previous year, and average precipitation for the preceding 5-, 10-, 15-, 20-, 25-, and 30-year periods. Short-term precipitation (April-June or July-September monthly precipitation) variables are the most common significant variables in the regression equations for the 25th percentile of June and September streamflows. May and June monthly precipitation are the most common significant variables among the regression models of the 25th percentile of June flows. August and September monthly precipitation are the most common significant variables in the regression models of the 25th percentile of September streamflow. July precipitation also is a significant explanatory variable in regression models of September streamflow. The 25th-percentile flows in this study also are related to intermediate- and long-term precipitation variables. The intermediate-term precipitation variable (previous-year's precipitation) has a more distinct spatial pattern than the long-term precipitation variable (multiyear running averages of annual precipitation) and is more likely to be significant in the western part than in the eastern part of the study area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20075129","usgsCitation":"Winterstein, T.A., and Lorenz, D.L., 2007, Relation between precipitation and the 25th percentile of June and September flows in streams in the Great Lakes, Ohio, and Upper Mississippi River Basins: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5129, iv, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075129.","productDescription":"iv, 22 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192475,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20075129.JPG"},{"id":10124,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5129/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.67041015625,\n 47.98992166741417\n ],\n [\n -90.06591796875,\n 48.10743118848039\n ],\n [\n -90.3515625,\n 48.10743118848039\n ],\n [\n -90.65917968749999,\n 47.91634204016118\n ],\n [\n -90.94482421875,\n 47.69497434186282\n ],\n [\n -91.23046875,\n 47.62097541515849\n ],\n [\n -91.56005859375,\n 47.66538735632654\n ],\n [\n -92.26318359375,\n 47.635783590864854\n ],\n [\n -92.61474609375,\n 47.39834920035926\n ],\n [\n -92.83447265624999,\n 47.428087261714275\n ],\n [\n -93.2080078125,\n 47.32393057095941\n ],\n [\n -93.603515625,\n 47.487513008956554\n ],\n [\n -94.02099609375,\n 47.5913464767971\n ],\n [\n -94.63623046875,\n 47.54687159892238\n ],\n [\n -95.0537109375,\n 47.234489635299184\n ],\n [\n -95.20751953125,\n 46.84516443029279\n ],\n [\n -95.29541015625,\n 46.543749602738565\n ],\n [\n -95.80078125,\n 46.48326472915561\n ],\n [\n -95.91064453125,\n 46.392411189814645\n ],\n [\n -95.80078125,\n 46.07323062540838\n ],\n [\n -95.95458984375,\n 45.81348649679971\n ],\n [\n -96.08642578125,\n 45.5679096098613\n ],\n [\n -96.26220703125,\n 45.460130637921004\n ],\n [\n -96.6357421875,\n 45.537136680398596\n ],\n [\n -97.14111328125,\n 45.87471224890479\n ],\n [\n -97.3388671875,\n 45.73685954736049\n ],\n [\n -97.00927734375,\n 45.537136680398596\n ],\n [\n -96.78955078125,\n 45.30580259943578\n ],\n [\n -96.7236328125,\n 44.96479793033104\n ],\n [\n -96.591796875,\n 44.59046718130883\n ],\n [\n -96.39404296875,\n 44.41808794374849\n ],\n [\n -96.15234375,\n 44.19795903948531\n ],\n [\n -95.8447265625,\n 43.8503744993026\n ],\n [\n -95.73486328124999,\n 43.77109381775651\n ],\n [\n -95.11962890625,\n 43.8028187190472\n ],\n [\n -95.03173828125,\n 43.61221676817573\n ],\n [\n -94.81201171875,\n 43.32517767999296\n ],\n [\n -95.00976562499999,\n 43.052833917627936\n ],\n [\n -95.25146484374999,\n 42.85985981506279\n ],\n [\n -95.185546875,\n 42.407234661551875\n ],\n [\n -94.89990234375,\n 42.13082130188811\n ],\n [\n -94.6142578125,\n 41.705728515237524\n ],\n [\n -94.39453125,\n 41.393294288784865\n ],\n [\n -93.97705078125,\n 40.93011520598305\n ],\n [\n -93.6474609375,\n 40.979898069620155\n ],\n [\n -93.42773437499999,\n 41.0130657870063\n ],\n [\n -93.07617187499999,\n 40.896905775860006\n ],\n [\n -92.87841796875,\n 40.78054143186031\n ],\n [\n -92.79052734375,\n 40.49709237269567\n ],\n [\n -92.724609375,\n 40.01078714046552\n ],\n [\n -92.46093749999999,\n 39.58875727696545\n ],\n [\n -92.373046875,\n 39.36827914916014\n ],\n [\n -91.99951171875,\n 39.11301365149975\n ],\n [\n -91.58203125,\n 38.92522904714054\n ],\n [\n -91.1865234375,\n 38.87392853923629\n ],\n [\n -90.94482421875,\n 38.87392853923629\n ],\n [\n -90.615234375,\n 38.87392853923629\n ],\n [\n -90.28564453124999,\n 38.89103282648846\n ],\n [\n -90.15380859375,\n 38.788345355085625\n ],\n [\n -90.32958984375,\n 38.77121637244273\n ],\n [\n -90.65917968749999,\n 38.65119833229951\n ],\n [\n -90.9228515625,\n 38.565347844885466\n ],\n [\n -91.29638671875,\n 38.39333888832238\n ],\n [\n -91.4501953125,\n 38.272688535980976\n ],\n [\n -91.69189453125,\n 38.09998264736481\n ],\n [\n -91.69189453125,\n 37.92686760148135\n ],\n [\n -91.69189453125,\n 37.59682400108367\n ],\n [\n -91.51611328125,\n 37.28279464911045\n ],\n [\n -90.9228515625,\n 37.579412513438385\n ],\n [\n -90.46142578125,\n 37.666429212090605\n ],\n [\n -90.15380859375,\n 37.54457732085582\n ],\n [\n -90.1318359375,\n 37.33522435930641\n ],\n [\n -90.2197265625,\n 36.949891786813296\n ],\n [\n -89.84619140625,\n 36.96744946416931\n ],\n [\n -89.49462890625,\n 37.07271048132946\n ],\n [\n -89.27490234375,\n 37.07271048132946\n ],\n [\n -89.05517578125,\n 36.96744946416931\n ],\n [\n -88.72558593749999,\n 36.89719446989036\n ],\n [\n -88.5498046875,\n 37.03763967977139\n ],\n [\n -88.0224609375,\n 36.73888412439431\n ],\n [\n -87.9345703125,\n 36.43896124085945\n ],\n [\n -87.78076171875,\n 36.10237644873644\n ],\n [\n -87.38525390624999,\n 35.94243575255426\n ],\n [\n -87.0556640625,\n 35.7286770448517\n ],\n [\n -86.98974609375,\n 35.60371874069731\n ],\n [\n -86.3525390625,\n 35.42486791930558\n ],\n [\n -85.95703125,\n 35.35321610123821\n ],\n [\n -85.3857421875,\n 35.53222622770337\n ],\n [\n -85.25390625,\n 35.99578538642032\n ],\n [\n -84.990234375,\n 36.049098959065645\n ],\n [\n -84.52880859375,\n 36.049098959065645\n ],\n [\n -84.287109375,\n 36.01356058518153\n ],\n [\n -84.17724609375,\n 36.12012758978146\n ],\n [\n -84.22119140625,\n 36.29741818650811\n ],\n [\n -83.91357421875,\n 36.491973470593685\n ],\n [\n -83.38623046875,\n 36.5978891330702\n ],\n [\n -83.21044921875,\n 36.77409249464195\n ],\n [\n -82.94677734375,\n 36.932330061503144\n ],\n [\n -82.5732421875,\n 37.020098201368114\n ],\n [\n -82.2216796875,\n 37.020098201368114\n ],\n [\n -81.58447265624999,\n 37.125286284966805\n ],\n [\n -81.38671875,\n 36.98500309285596\n ],\n [\n -81.36474609375,\n 36.73888412439431\n ],\n [\n -81.474609375,\n 36.58024660149866\n ],\n [\n -81.58447265624999,\n 36.33282808737917\n ],\n [\n -81.49658203125,\n 36.13787471840729\n ],\n [\n -81.14501953125,\n 36.35052700542763\n ],\n [\n -80.88134765625,\n 36.50963615733049\n ],\n [\n -80.57373046875,\n 36.58024660149866\n ],\n [\n -80.33203125,\n 36.58024660149866\n ],\n [\n -80.2001953125,\n 36.79169061907076\n ],\n [\n -80.068359375,\n 37.16031654673677\n ],\n [\n -80.068359375,\n 37.317751851636906\n ],\n [\n -80.26611328125,\n 37.63163475580643\n ],\n [\n -79.95849609375,\n 37.89219554724437\n ],\n [\n -79.87060546875,\n 38.08268954483802\n ],\n [\n -79.6728515625,\n 38.35888785866677\n ],\n [\n -79.60693359375,\n 38.496593518947556\n ],\n [\n -79.38720703125,\n 38.90813299596705\n ],\n [\n -79.25537109375,\n 39.11301365149975\n ],\n [\n -79.07958984375,\n 39.45316112807394\n ],\n [\n -79.07958984375,\n 39.690280594818034\n ],\n [\n -78.92578124999999,\n 39.825413103424786\n ],\n [\n -78.64013671875,\n 40.1452892956766\n ],\n [\n -78.42041015625,\n 40.463666324587685\n ],\n [\n -78.68408203124999,\n 40.78054143186031\n ],\n [\n -78.68408203124999,\n 40.91351257612758\n ],\n [\n -78.64013671875,\n 41.22824901518532\n ],\n [\n -78.46435546875,\n 41.52502957323801\n ],\n [\n -77.93701171875,\n 41.65649719441145\n ],\n [\n -77.82714843749999,\n 41.83682786072714\n ],\n [\n -77.82714843749999,\n 42.09822241118974\n ],\n [\n -77.71728515624999,\n 42.27730877423709\n ],\n [\n -77.58544921874999,\n 42.35854391749705\n ],\n [\n -77.32177734375,\n 42.261049162113856\n ],\n [\n -76.904296875,\n 42.261049162113856\n ],\n [\n -76.37695312499999,\n 42.374778361114195\n ],\n [\n -75.9375,\n 42.66628070564928\n ],\n [\n -75.8056640625,\n 42.85985981506279\n ],\n [\n -75.5859375,\n 43.052833917627936\n ],\n [\n -75.234375,\n 43.197167282501276\n ],\n [\n -75.03662109375,\n 43.32517767999296\n ],\n [\n -74.64111328125,\n 43.37311218382002\n ],\n [\n -74.37744140625,\n 43.61221676817573\n ],\n [\n -74.3115234375,\n 43.88205730390537\n ],\n [\n -74.20166015624999,\n 43.992814500489914\n ],\n [\n -74.0478515625,\n 44.166444664458595\n ],\n [\n -73.98193359375,\n 44.38669150215206\n ],\n [\n -73.8720703125,\n 44.99588261816546\n ],\n [\n -74.794921875,\n 44.99588261816546\n ],\n [\n -75.16845703124999,\n 44.85586880735725\n ],\n [\n -75.5419921875,\n 44.66865287227321\n ],\n [\n -75.8056640625,\n 44.43377984606825\n ],\n [\n -76.11328125,\n 44.32384807250689\n ],\n [\n -76.37695312499999,\n 44.19795903948531\n ],\n [\n -76.7724609375,\n 43.644025847699496\n ],\n [\n -78.50830078125,\n 43.6599240747891\n ],\n [\n -79.12353515625,\n 43.45291889355465\n ],\n [\n -78.99169921875,\n 43.11702412135048\n ],\n [\n -78.92578124999999,\n 42.89206418807337\n ],\n [\n -79.40917968749999,\n 42.69858589169842\n ],\n [\n -80.22216796875,\n 42.391008609205045\n ],\n [\n -81.14501953125,\n 42.24478535602799\n ],\n [\n -82.37548828125,\n 41.672911819602085\n ],\n [\n -82.6611328125,\n 41.672911819602085\n ],\n [\n -83.056640625,\n 41.902277040963696\n ],\n [\n -83.07861328125,\n 42.06560675405716\n ],\n [\n -83.056640625,\n 42.27730877423709\n ],\n [\n -82.79296874999999,\n 42.35854391749705\n ],\n [\n -82.6171875,\n 42.53689200787317\n ],\n [\n -82.529296875,\n 42.61779143282346\n ],\n [\n -82.44140625,\n 42.956422511073335\n ],\n [\n -82.1337890625,\n 43.61221676817573\n ],\n [\n -82.529296875,\n 45.36758436884978\n ],\n [\n -83.60595703125,\n 45.81348649679971\n ],\n [\n -83.47412109375,\n 45.99696161820381\n ],\n [\n -83.671875,\n 46.11894150610708\n ],\n [\n -83.91357421875,\n 46.01222384063238\n ],\n [\n -84.111328125,\n 46.27103747280261\n ],\n [\n -84.13330078125,\n 46.543749602738565\n ],\n [\n -84.55078125,\n 46.49839225859763\n ],\n [\n -84.72656249999999,\n 46.46813299215554\n ],\n [\n -84.88037109375,\n 46.875213396722685\n ],\n [\n -88.330078125,\n 48.29781249243716\n ],\n [\n -89.36279296875,\n 48.004625021133904\n ],\n [\n -89.67041015625,\n 47.98992166741417\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdd3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winterstein, Thomas A.","contributorId":25971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winterstein","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lorenz, David L. 0000-0003-3392-4034 lorenz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3392-4034","contributorId":1384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenz","given":"David","email":"lorenz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80262,"text":"ofr20071150 - 2007 - Sidescan-sonar imagery, multibeam bathymetry, and surficial geologic interpretations of the sea floor in Rhode Island Sound, off Sakonnet Point, Rhode Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-29T18:58:29.426611","indexId":"ofr20071150","displayToPublicDate":"2007-08-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1150","title":"Sidescan-sonar imagery, multibeam bathymetry, and surficial geologic interpretations of the sea floor in Rhode Island Sound, off Sakonnet Point, Rhode Island","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is working with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to interpret the surficial geology in estuaries and sounds along the northeastern coast of the United States. This report interprets the area covered by NOAA Survey H11320, about 72 km² of sea floor in eastern Rhode Island Sound (RIS), located about 8 km south of Sakonnet Point, Rhode Island (fig. 1). Previous work in RIS includes studies of both sea-floor processes and subsurface geologic framework. McMaster (1960) mapped surficial sediment samples in Narragansett Bay and RIS and McMaster and others (1968) conducted a seismic-reflection survey in Block Island Sound and RIS. O'Hara and Oldale (1980) collected seismic-reflection profiles, sidescan-sonar data, and vibracores in eastern RIS (fig. 2). They interpreted the geologic history, assessed sand and gravel resources, and evaluated the mining impact of these resources. McMaster's (1960) interpretation of the surficial sediment within this study area consisted of sand with several isolated areas of gravel. Several other sediment samples were previously obtained within the study area: three National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC) dredge samples from 1942 consisted of sand and one National Ocean Service (NOS) sample from 1939 was rocky (fig. 2; Poppe and others, 2003). The purpose of this report is to define the sea-floor morphology and sedimentary environments and interpret processes occurring on the sea floor using sidescan-sonar imagery, multibeam bathymetry, and historic seismic-reflection profiles.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071150","usgsCitation":"McMullen, K.Y., Poppe, L., Twomey, E.R., Danforth, W.W., Haupt, T.A., and Crocker, J.M., 2007, Sidescan-sonar imagery, multibeam bathymetry, and surficial geologic interpretations of the sea floor in Rhode Island Sound, off Sakonnet Point, Rhode Island: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1150, Report: v, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071150.","productDescription":"Report: v, 34 p.","numberOfPages":"39","costCenters":[{"id":680,"text":"Woods Hole Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":10082,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1150/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":293467,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1150/OFR2007-1150.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.61 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":192343,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20071150.PNG"}],"country":"United States","state":"Rhode Island","otherGeospatial":"Sakonnet Point","geographicExtents":"{\"crs\": {\"type\": \"name\", \"properties\": {\"name\": \"urn:ogc:def:crs:OGC:1.3:CRS84\"}}, \"geometry\": {\"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [[[-71.19878306499987, 41.3769249050001], [-71.12017181499988, 41.39662170700007], [-71.11629386699991, 41.39069093100015], [-71.11751866399993, 41.38874850700002], [-71.11478615899995, 41.38612295600011], [-71.08689184499991, 41.39314397400016], [-71.08612246499985, 41.39150171199995], [-71.08887221999987, 41.390766834000146], [-71.08935523899987, 41.383807918000066], [-71.09200838999993, 41.38226915900022], [-71.09147361999993, 41.37986441800005], [-71.09408536899991, 41.379198542000026], [-71.09334704099984, 41.37680415100009], [-71.09540331999989, 41.37561385500004], [-71.09381625899995, 41.37395089200004], [-71.09739059499992, 41.372391432000136], [-71.09545852199994, 41.370311003000026], [-71.09939857199987, 41.367650951000186], [-71.09877064799991, 41.36436642600011], [-71.1014444999999, 41.3636833000001], [-71.10063026899985, 41.36053333000006], [-71.10450821699988, 41.35803543400016], [-71.1037319369999, 41.3545611520001], [-71.1056502109999, 41.352446220999965], [-71.10504643799993, 41.35083155900015], [-71.10732352399988, 41.350224336000096], [-71.10651619399994, 41.34875113000005], [-71.10861042399995, 41.34818185800019], [-71.10770303899994, 41.34501808800006], [-71.1108909609999, 41.34254434300016], [-71.10823435899994, 41.3389941580001], [-71.11018713399994, 41.33754510200013], [-71.20088764499985, 41.314850136000125], [-71.2074566959999, 41.32957529800005], [-71.20510715599994, 41.33102090300006], [-71.20580408299986, 41.332518261000125], [-71.20227459799986, 41.33342219500012], [-71.20290942299988, 41.3348332990002], [-71.19714425299992, 41.33631685600009], [-71.19912462799994, 41.33935642200008], [-71.19169649499992, 41.34123329300019], [-71.19248312499991, 41.344462616000165], [-71.19010598399983, 41.346722453000154], [-71.19284538799984, 41.35104546800015], [-71.1901094339999, 41.3517561950001], [-71.19202425699984, 41.35484061200014], [-71.1901301349999, 41.35530983000005], [-71.19217261299991, 41.35627241700002], [-71.19291784099988, 41.35792503000009], [-71.19143773499991, 41.35830799500006], [-71.19363546899984, 41.36113020300013], [-71.1919138529999, 41.361609771000005], [-71.19404603399988, 41.36263101000009], [-71.19878306499987, 41.3769249050001]]]}, \"properties\": {\"extentType\": \"Custom\", \"code\": \"\", \"name\": \"\", \"notes\": \"\", \"promotedForReuse\": false, \"abbreviation\": \"\", \"shortName\": \"\", \"description\": \"\"}, \"bbox\": [-71.2074566959999, 41.314850136000125, -71.08612246499985, 41.39662170700007], \"type\": \"Feature\", \"id\": \"3091885\"}","contact":"","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fae4b07f02db5f3d56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMullen, Katherine Y. kmcmullen@usgs.gov","contributorId":24036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMullen","given":"Katherine","email":"kmcmullen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poppe, Lawrence J. lpoppe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"Lawrence J.","email":"lpoppe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":292125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Twomey, Erin R.","contributorId":44860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twomey","given":"Erin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Danforth, William W. 0000-0002-6382-9487 bdanforth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6382-9487","contributorId":3292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danforth","given":"William","email":"bdanforth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haupt, Todd A.","contributorId":34602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haupt","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Crocker, James M.","contributorId":55094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crocker","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":80250,"text":"sir20075102 - 2007 - Environmental Setting of the Granger Drain and DR2 Basins, Washington, 2003-04","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:23","indexId":"sir20075102","displayToPublicDate":"2007-08-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5102","title":"Environmental Setting of the Granger Drain and DR2 Basins, Washington, 2003-04","docAbstract":"The Granger Drain and DR2 basins are located in the Yakima River basin in south central Washington. These agricultural basins are one of five areas in the United States selected for study as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program Agricultural Chemicals: Source, Transport, and Fate Study. The Program is designed to describe water-quality conditions and trends based on representative surface- and ground-water resources across the Nation. The objective of the Agricultural Chemicals topical study is to investigate the sources, transport, and fate of selected agricultural chemicals in a variety of agriculturally diverse environmental settings. The Granger Drain and DR2 basins were selected for the Agricultural Chemicals topical study because they represent the irrigated agricultural setting that characterizes eastern Washington. These basins are located in one of the most productive agricultural areas in the United States. This report describes the environmental setting of the Granger Drain and DR2 basins in the context of how agricultural practices, including agricultural chemical applications and irrigation methods, interface with natural settings and hydrologic processes.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20075102","usgsCitation":"Payne, K.L., Johnson, H.M., and Black, R.W., 2007, Environmental Setting of the Granger Drain and DR2 Basins, Washington, 2003-04: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5102, vi, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075102.","productDescription":"vi, 27 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2003-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194804,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10070,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5102/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1","projection":"Albers","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.21666666666667,46.3 ], [ -120.21666666666667,46.5 ], [ -119.95,46.5 ], [ -119.95,46.3 ], [ -120.21666666666667,46.3 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db6673af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Payne, Karen L. klpayne@usgs.gov","contributorId":3839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payne","given":"Karen","email":"klpayne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":292092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Henry M. 0000-0002-7571-4994","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7571-4994","contributorId":105291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Black, Robert W. 0000-0002-4748-8213 rwblack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4748-8213","contributorId":1820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Black","given":"Robert","email":"rwblack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":80239,"text":"ofr20071180 - 2007 - Organic geochemistry of sediments in nearshore areas of the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers: I. General organic characterization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-27T21:49:49.594137","indexId":"ofr20071180","displayToPublicDate":"2007-08-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1180","title":"Organic geochemistry of sediments in nearshore areas of the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers: I. General organic characterization","docAbstract":"This report presents results on the general organic characteristics of sediment cores collected from the coastal zone of the Mississippi River system, including distributions of the important nutrient elements (C, N, P, and S). This was part of a larger study conducted from 2001-2005 to examine the delivery of sediment-associated contaminants to the Gulf of Mexico by the Mississippi River system, funded by the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program. Companion reports emphasize organic contaminants (Rosenbauer and others, 2006), and metals (Swarzenski and others, 2006). The level of contamination within the deltaic system of the Mississippi River system was determined through the collection of sediment cores from interdistributary bays, and offshore in the Gulf of Mexico, including the zone of hypoxia. Results provide the basis for reconstructing contaminant inventories from which to develop historic perspectives on nutrient loading and hypoxia, and to better understand how sediment-hosted contaminants either directly or indirectly move through biota and ultimately affect ecosystem health.\r\n\r\nConcentrations of C, N, P, and S in sediments varied by a factor of 10 between sites, and in down core profiles. Nearshore cores collected in 2001 proved to have erratic downcore C, N, P, and S profiles and sediment deposition rates, suggesting a high energy regime controlled more by variability in river flow rather than by geochemical processes and reactions within the system. These results focused further coring activities further offshore. Atomic C/N ratios suggest that organic matter deposited at all sites is a mix of microbial (algal) and terrestrial (vascular plant) remains, but with algal material dominant. Concentrations of total sulfur in sediments from cores in the zone of hypoxia were often higher than those in nearby zones with oxic water columns. Corresponding atomic C/S ratios were typically lower in sediments from sites in the zone of hypoxia compared to nearby sites with oxic water columns, and thus atomic C/S values may be useful as a proxy for identifying sites impacted by hypoxic conditions in the water column and for examining historical trends in hypoxia. At one site examined in this study, maximum hypoxic conditions were observed in the mid 1960's. The organic elemental composition (C, N, P, and S) of sediments was also used to guide sample selection for contaminant analysis, and to normalize the contaminant data to organic C content of the sediments.\r\n\r\nDissolved hydrocarbon gases in sediments showed a dominance of methane, but identifiable concentrations of ethane and hexane, and trace concentrations of propane, butane, and pentane were also detected. All dissolved gases except hexane were dominated by 'bound' gas, gas released only after agitation of the sediment in a blender. Hexane, in contrast was observed mostly as free gas, determined by headspace analysis.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071180","usgsCitation":"Orem, W.H., Rosenbauer, R.J., Swarzenski, P.W., Lerch, H.E., Corum, M., and Bates, A.L., 2007, Organic geochemistry of sediments in nearshore areas of the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers: I. General organic characterization: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1180, 67 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071180.","productDescription":"67 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192210,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402570,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81622.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":10058,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1180/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Atchafalaya River, Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.669921875,\n 28.8927788645183\n ],\n [\n -88.802490234375,\n 28.8927788645183\n ],\n [\n -88.802490234375,\n 29.92637417863576\n ],\n [\n -91.669921875,\n 29.92637417863576\n ],\n [\n -91.669921875,\n 28.8927788645183\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a2f69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Orem, William H. 0000-0003-4990-0539 borem@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orem","given":"William","email":"borem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosenbauer, Robert J. brosenbauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbauer","given":"Robert","email":"brosenbauer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swarzenski, Peter W. 0000-0003-0116-0578 pswarzen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":1070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"Peter","email":"pswarzen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lerch, Harry E. tlerch@usgs.gov","contributorId":600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lerch","given":"Harry","email":"tlerch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":292060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Corum, M.D. 0000-0002-9038-3935 mcorum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9038-3935","contributorId":2249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corum","given":"M.D.","email":"mcorum@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bates, Anne L. 0000-0002-4875-4675 abates@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4875-4675","contributorId":2789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bates","given":"Anne","email":"abates@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":80227,"text":"sir20075036 - 2007 - The association of arsenic with redox conditions, depth, and ground-water age in the glacial aquifer system of the northern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-29T21:28:17.631695","indexId":"sir20075036","displayToPublicDate":"2007-08-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5036","title":"The association of arsenic with redox conditions, depth, and ground-water age in the glacial aquifer system of the northern United States","docAbstract":"More than 800 wells in the glacial aquifer system of the Northern United States were sampled for arsenic as part of U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) studies during 1991-2003. Elevated arsenic concentrations (greater than or equal to 10 micrograms per liter) were detected in 9 percent of samples.\r\n\r\nElevated arsenic concentrations were associated with strongly reducing conditions. Of the samples classified as iron reducing or sulfate reducing, arsenic concentrations were elevated in 19 percent. Of the methanogenic samples, arsenic concentrations were elevated in 45 percent. In contrast, concentrations of arsenic were elevated in only 1 percent of oxic samples.\r\n\r\nArsenic concentrations were also related to ground-water age. Elevated arsenic concentrations were detected in 34 percent of old waters (recharged before 1953) as compared to 4 percent of young waters (recharged since 1953). For samples classified as both old and methanogenic, elevated arsenic concentrations were detected in 62 percent of samples, as compared to 1 percent for samples classified as young and oxic.\r\n\r\nArsenic concentrations were also correlated with well depth and concentrations of several chemical constituents, including (1) constituents linked to redox processes and (2) anions or oxyanions that sorb to iron oxides.\r\n\r\nObservations from the glacial aquifer system are consistent with the idea that the predominant source of arsenic is iron oxides and the predominant mechanism for releasing arsenic to the ground water is reductive desorption or reductive dissolution. Arsenic is also released from iron oxides under oxic conditions, but on a more limited basis and at lower concentrations.\r\n\r\nLogistic regression was used to investigate the relative significance of redox, ground-water age, depth, and other water-quality constituents as indicators of elevated arsenic concentrations in the glacial aquifer system. The single variable that explained the greatest amount of variation in the data was redox. Multivariate models that included a redox variable overestimated the percentage of samples with elevated arsenic concentrations because, even though elevated arsenic concentrations were associated with strongly reducing samples, not all strongly reducing samples had elevated arsenic concentrations.\r\n\r\nArsenic concentrations and redox conditions differed among four broad areas of the glacial aquifer system. For the East, Central, and West-Central north areas, there was a trend of increasing arsenic concentrations that corresponded to an increase in reducing conditions. For the West-Central south area, arsenic concentrations in oxic samples were higher than for the other areas, possibly because of high concentrations of orthophosphate, which is linked to desorption of arsenic from iron oxides under oxic conditions.\r\n\r\nThe observed differences in arsenic concentrations among broad areas of the glacial aquifer system were generally consistent with a conceptual model developed by Smedley and Kinniburg, who studied or reviewed studies of widespread arsenic contamination in Bangladesh, India, China, Vietnam, Hungary, Argentina, northern Chile and the Southwestern United States.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20075036","usgsCitation":"Thomas, M.A., 2007, The association of arsenic with redox conditions, depth, and ground-water age in the glacial aquifer system of the northern United States: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5036, vi, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075036.","productDescription":"vi, 26 p.","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192075,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":409824,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81597.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":10047,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5036/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -100,\n 48.0667\n ],\n [\n -100,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -70.75,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -70.75,\n 48.0667\n ],\n [\n -100,\n 48.0667\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602b2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, Mary Ann mathomas@usgs.gov","contributorId":2536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Mary","email":"mathomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":80229,"text":"fs20073064 - 2007 - New Jersey Tide Telemetry System","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:20","indexId":"fs20073064","displayToPublicDate":"2007-08-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-3064","title":"New Jersey Tide Telemetry System","docAbstract":"Each summer the population of the barrier-island communities of New Jersey increases by tens of thousands. When a coastal storm threatens these communities, the limited number of bridges and causeways that connect the islands with the mainland become overcrowded, making evacuations from the barrier islands to the mainland difficult. Timely evacuation depends on well-defined emergency evacuation plans used in conjunction with accurate flood forecasting and up to the minute (real-time) tide-level information.\r\n\r\nThe 'Great Nor'easter' storm that struck the coastal areas of New Jersey on December 11, 1992, caused about $270 million in insured damages to public and private property (Dorr and others, 1995). Most of the damage was due to tidal flooding and storm surge, which were especially severe along the back bay areas. Comprehensive and reliable tide-level and meteorological data for the back bays was needed to make accurate flood forecasts.\r\n\r\nCollection of tidal data for the ocean and large bays was adequately covered by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Ocean Service (NOAA's NOS), but in New Jersey little to no data are available for the back-bay areas. The back bays behave quite differently than the ocean as a result of the complex interaction between the winds and the geometry of the inlets and bays. A slow moving Nor'easter can keep tide levels in back bays several feet higher than the ocean tide by not allowing tides to recede, resulting in flooding of bridges and causeways that link the barrier islands to the mainland.\r\n\r\nThe U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Transportation (NJDOT), designed and installed the New Jersey Tide Telemetry System (NJTTS) with assistance from NOAA's NOS in 1997. This system is part of a statewide network of tide gages, weather stations, and stream gages that collect data in real time. The NJTTS supplies comprehensive, reliable real-time tide-level and meteorological data for flood-prone areas along the New Jersey shore and back bays. These data are transmitted to computer base stations located at offices of the National Weather Service, New Jersey State Police (NJSP), NJDOT, county emergency management agencies, other critical decision-making centers, and the World Wide Web (WWW). This fact sheet describes the NJTTS and identifies its benefits.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs20073064","usgsCitation":"Hoppe, H.L., 2007, New Jersey Tide Telemetry System: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2007-3064, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20073064.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124523,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2007_3064.jpg"},{"id":10049,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2007/3064/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.75,38.75 ], [ -75.75,41.5 ], [ -73.75,41.5 ], [ -73.75,38.75 ], [ -75.75,38.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db697984","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoppe, Heidi L. hhoppe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoppe","given":"Heidi","email":"hhoppe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":292026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":79922,"text":"cir1307 - 2007 - Strategic Plan for the North American Breeding Bird Survey: 2006-2010","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":79922,"text":"cir1307 - 2007 - Strategic Plan for the North American Breeding Bird Survey: 2006-2010","indexId":"cir1307","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"title":"Strategic Plan for the North American Breeding Bird Survey: 2006-2010"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70211901,"text":"cir1466 - 2020 - Strategic Plan for the North American Breeding Bird Survey, 2020–30","indexId":"cir1466","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"title":"Strategic Plan for the North American Breeding Bird Survey, 2020–30"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70211901,"text":"cir1466 - 2020 - Strategic Plan for the North American Breeding Bird Survey, 2020–30","indexId":"cir1466","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"title":"Strategic Plan for the North American Breeding Bird Survey, 2020–30"},"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-04T19:20:50.43184","indexId":"cir1307","displayToPublicDate":"2007-08-13T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1307","title":"Strategic Plan for the North American Breeding Bird Survey: 2006-2010","docAbstract":"The mission of the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) is to provide scientifically credible measures of the status and trends of North American bird populations at continental and regional scales to inform biologically sound conservation and management actions. Determining population trends, relative abundance, and distributions of North American avifauna is critical for identifying conservation priorities, determining appropriate conservation actions, and evaluating those actions. The BBS program, jointly coordinated by the U.S. Geological Survey and Environment Canada’s Canadian Wildlife Service, provides the U.S. and Canadian Federal governments, state and provincial agencies, other conservation practitioners, and the general public with science-based avian population trend estimates and other information for regional and national species’ population assessments.
Despite the demonstrated value of the BBS for furthering avian conservation across North America, its importance is often underappreciated, and it is underfunded compared with many other government-supported programs that report on status of the environment. Today, BBS resources, adjusted for inflation, are below the amount allocated in the 1970s and are still only sufficient to support two biologists. Yet the number of routes, participants, data, and data requests has quadrupled. Data and information management and delivery requirements and security concerns, non-existent in 1966, impose further demands on BBS resources. In addition, the Mexican expansion of the BBS offers new hope for a truly continental approach to avian conservation, but also brings additional challenges. Meeting the goals of this plan will take cooperation among myriad stakeholders; yet, even with collaboration, most objectives of this plan will be unattainable if BBS program support is not increased.
The BBS developed this strategic plan to help set priorities and identify resources required for the program to continue to meet the evolving needs of the conservation community for information on bird population change. By setting clear goals, strategies, and measures of success, this plan provides a cohesive framework and vision for maintenance and development of the BBS. The plan identifies two major goals for the BBS, with a number of strategies and objectives to achieve these goals. Over the next 5 years, progress made in addressing each long-term goal and its associated 5-year strategies and objectives will gage the plan’s success. Specific actions, projected outcomes, and measures of success related to accomplishing these are outlined in Table 1, with a timeline in Table 2.
The two main goals for the program, with a summary of the strategies to achieve them, are:
Goal 1: Collect scientifically credible measures of the status and trends of North American bird populations at continental and regional scales.
The North American Breeding Bird Survey will continue to support North American natural resource conservation through the collection of scientifically credible measures of the status and trends of continental bird populations. While doing this, the BBS will work to improve the science behind the program to better meet its mission and the changing needs of the avian conservation community. In partnership with collaborators, the BBS will address detection probability bias and habitat bias, improve analytical methods, and more fully assess and account for observer quality. Moreover, the BBS will improve the quality and breadth of avian population data through strategic increases in route density and the establishment of a Mexican BBS program.
Goal 2: Ensure BBS data and analytical results are widely available and easily accessible for use by the avian conservation and management communities.
At the heart of the BBS lies a four-million-record database containing more than 40 years of data on more than 600 bird species. These data are of no value if not well maintained, appropriately analyzed, and widely and easily accessible. The USGS has greatly improved data management and accessibility in recent years. Trend estimates were first made available via the Internet in the mid-1990s, followed closely by the raw data with baseline metadata and standard operating procedures. Nevertheless, numerous enhancements to data management and the usability of BBS results will greatly improve the ability of the BBS to serve avian conservation goals. The BBS needs to ensure that BBS data and results presented on the web site use the best data-management practices and statistical methods, with adequate documentation for users to understand them and any differences between different trend estimates. Moreover, the BBS needs to increase communication with BBS partners and stakeholders to ensure that it continues to meet the avian population status and trends needs of the conservation community and to encourage the development of new products. Working with collaborators, the BBS will develop tools for integrating environmental parameters like habitat change into the analyses, and for integrating BBS data with other avian survey results. In addition, the BBS will continue to improve data and database management through the incorporation of additional data and data fields, such as georeferenced stop locations and more complete metadata for the raw data and results, thus enhancing the uses that can be made of the data.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir1307","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Environment Canada's Canadian Wildlife Service and Mexico's National Commission for the Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2007, Strategic Plan for the North American Breeding Bird Survey: 2006-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1307, vi, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1307.","productDescription":"vi, 21 p.","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":9643,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/2007/1307/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":190670,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"North America","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.265625,\n 13.581920900545844\n ],\n [\n -63.28125,\n 43.068887774169625\n ],\n [\n -55.54687499999999,\n 53.9560855309879\n ],\n [\n -69.60937499999999,\n 60.413852350464914\n ],\n [\n -90,\n 68.26938680456564\n ],\n [\n -124.1015625,\n 69.41124235697256\n ],\n [\n -152.9296875,\n 70.61261423801925\n ],\n [\n -166.2890625,\n 68.78414378041504\n ],\n [\n -162.7734375,\n 58.99531118795094\n ],\n [\n -156.4453125,\n 55.97379820507658\n ],\n [\n -141.6796875,\n 56.559482483762245\n ],\n [\n -133.9453125,\n 51.6180165487737\n ],\n [\n -130.078125,\n 45.089035564831036\n ],\n [\n -121.640625,\n 27.371767300523047\n ],\n [\n -105.8203125,\n 11.523087506868514\n ],\n [\n -82.6171875,\n 4.565473550710278\n ],\n [\n -82.265625,\n 13.581920900545844\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a73e4b07f02db6437f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":80160,"text":"ofr20071021 - 2007 - An Evaluation of the USGS World Petroleum Assessment 2000 - Supporting Data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:19","indexId":"ofr20071021","displayToPublicDate":"2007-07-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1021","title":"An Evaluation of the USGS World Petroleum Assessment 2000 - Supporting Data","docAbstract":"Introduction\r\n\r\nIn June 2000, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) published the results of a world petroleum assessment (exclusive of the United States), based on data current through 1995 (U.S. Geological Survey World Energy Assessment Team, 2000). The assessment included the volumes of undiscovered crude oil and natural gas estimated to have the potential to be added to reserves in a 30-year time frame (to 2025). Klett and others (2005) compared the actual additions to reserves as reported from January 1996 to December 2003 (IHS Energy, 2003) with those estimates, apportioned to the 1996-2003 period (27 percent of the 30-year time frame). The present report (1) provides tabular data, not included in the 2005 report by Klett and others, that support the graphical displays and (2) briefly summarizes the interpretations and conclusions presented in the 2005 report.\r\n\r\nApproximately 28 percent of the additions to oil reserves by reserve growth and approximately 11 percent of the estimated undiscovered oil volumes that were estimated for the World Petroleum Assessment 2000 (U.S. Geological Survey World Energy Assessment Team, 2000) were realized in the 8 years since that assessment. Slightly more than half of the estimated additions to gas reserves by reserve growth and approximately 10 percent of the estimated undiscovered gas volumes were realized. Between 1995 and 2003, growth of oil reserves in previously discovered fields exceeded new-field discoveries as a source of global additions to reserves of conventional oil by a factor of about 3 to 1. The greatest amount of reserve growth for crude oil was in the Middle East and North Africa, whereas the greatest contribution from new-field discoveries was in Sub-Saharan Africa. The greatest amount of reserve growth for natural gas was in the Middle East and North Africa, whereas the greatest contribution from new-field discoveries was in the Asia Pacific region. On an energy-equivalent basis, volumes of new gas field discoveries exceeded new oil field discoveries. The graphs are based on the data listed in tables 1 and 2.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071021","usgsCitation":"Klett, T., Gautier, D.L., and Ahlbrandt, T.S., 2007, An Evaluation of the USGS World Petroleum Assessment 2000 - Supporting Data (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1021, iii, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071021.","productDescription":"iii, 5 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194811,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9971,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1021/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db6864e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klett, T. R. 0000-0001-9779-1168","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9779-1168","contributorId":83067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klett","given":"T. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gautier, Donald L. gautier@usgs.gov","contributorId":1310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gautier","given":"Donald","email":"gautier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ahlbrandt, Thomas S.","contributorId":57836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahlbrandt","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":80165,"text":"gip54 - 2007 - Sand waves at the mouth of San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-27T09:22:29","indexId":"gip54","displayToPublicDate":"2007-07-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":315,"text":"General Information Product","code":"GIP","onlineIssn":"2332-354X","printIssn":"2332-3531","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"54","title":"Sand waves at the mouth of San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey; California State University, Monterey Bay; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; and Center for Integrative Coastal Observation, Research and Education partnered to map central San Francisco Bay and its entrance under the Golden Gate Bridge using multibeam echosounders.
\nView eastward, through the Golden Gate into central San Francisco Bay. Depth of sea floor color coded: red (less than 10 m deep) to purple (more than 100 m deep). Land from USGS digital orthophotographs (DOQs) overlaid on USGS digital elevation models (DEMs). Sand waves in this view average 6 m in height and 80 m from crest to crest. Golden Gate Bridge is about 2 km long. Vertical exaggeration is approximately 4x for sea floor, 2x for land.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/gip54","usgsCitation":"Gibbons, H., and Barnard, P., 2007, Sand waves at the mouth of San Francisco Bay, California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey General Information Product 54, Postcard, https://doi.org/10.3133/gip54.","productDescription":"Postcard","costCenters":[{"id":645,"text":"Western Coastal and Marine Geology","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125710,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/gip_54.jpg"},{"id":9976,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/2007/54/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":293059,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/2007/54/GIP-54_Sand_Waves_postcard.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.522833,37.445189 ], [ -122.522833,38.144192 ], [ -122.036897,38.144192 ], [ -122.036897,37.445189 ], [ -122.522833,37.445189 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdc74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gibbons, Helen hgibbons@usgs.gov","contributorId":912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibbons","given":"Helen","email":"hgibbons@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnard, Patrick L.","contributorId":54936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnard","given":"Patrick L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80145,"text":"sir20075031 - 2007 - Simulation of Regional Ground-Water Flow in the Suwannee River Basin, Northern Florida and Southern Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T09:39:13","indexId":"sir20075031","displayToPublicDate":"2007-07-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5031","title":"Simulation of Regional Ground-Water Flow in the Suwannee River Basin, Northern Florida and Southern Georgia","docAbstract":"The Suwannee River Basin covers a total of nearly 9,950 square miles in north-central Florida and southern Georgia. In Florida, the Suwannee River Basin accounts for 4,250 square miles of north-central Florida. Evaluating the impacts of increased development in the Suwannee River Basin requires a quantitative understanding of the boundary conditions, hydrogeologic framework and hydraulic properties of the Floridan aquifer system, and the dynamics of water exchanges between the Suwannee River and its tributaries and the Floridan aquifer system. \r\n\r\nMajor rivers within the Suwannee River Basin are the Suwannee, Santa Fe, Alapaha, and Withlacoochee. Four rivers west of the Suwannee River are the Aucilla, the Econfina, the Fenholloway, and the Steinhatchee; all drain to the Gulf of Mexico. Perhaps the most notable aspect of the surface-water hydrology of the study area is that large areas east of the Suwannee River are devoid of channelized, surface drainage; consequently, most of the drainage occurs through the subsurface.\r\n\r\nThe ground-water flow system underlying the study area plays a critical role in the overall hydrology of this region of Florida because of the dominance of subsurface drain-age, and because ground-water flow sustains the flow of the rivers and springs.\r\n\r\nThree principal hydrogeologic units are present in the study area: the surficial aquifer system, the intermediate aquifer system, and the Floridan aquifer system. The surficial aquifer system principally consists of unconsoli-dated to poorly indurated siliciclastic deposits. The intermediate aquifer system, which contains the intermediate confining unit, lies below the surficial aquifer system (where present), and generally consists of fine-grained, uncon-solidated deposits of quartz sand, silt, and clay with interbedded limestone of Miocene age. Regionally, the intermediate aquifer system and intermediate con-fining unit act as a confining unit that restricts the exchange of water between the over-lying surficial and underlying Upper Floridan aquifers. The Upper Floridan aquifer is present throughout the study area and is extremely permeable and typically capable of transmitting large volumes of water. This high permeability largely is due to the widening of fractures and formation of conduits within the aquifer through dissolu-tion of the limestone by infiltrating water. This process has also produced numerous karst features such as springs, sinking streams, and sinkholes.\r\n\r\nA model of the Upper Floridan aquifer was created to better understand the ground-water system and to provide resource managers a tool to evaluate ground-water and surface-water interactions in the Suwannee River Basin. The model was developed to simulate a single Upper Floridan aquifer layer. Recharge datasets were developed to represent a net flux of water to the top of the aquifer or the water table during a period when the system was assumed to be under steady-state conditions (September 1990). A potentiometric-surface map representing water levels during September 1990 was prepared for the Suwannee River Water Management District (SRWMD), and the heads from those wells were used for calibration of the model. Additionally, flows at gaging sites for the Suwannee, Alapaha, Withlacoochee, Santa Fe, Fenholloway, Aucilla, Ecofina, and Steinhatchee Rivers were used during the calibration process to compare to model computed flows. Flows at seven first-magnitude springs selected by the SRWMD also were used to calibrate the model.\r\n\r\nCalibration criterion for matching potentiometric heads was to attain an absolute residual mean error of 5 percent or less of the head gradient of the system which would be about 5 feet. An absolute residual mean error of 4.79 feet was attained for final calibration. Calibration criterion for matching streamflow was based on the quality of measurements made in the field. All measurements used were rated ?good,? so the desire was for simulated values to be wi","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20075031","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Suwannee River Water Management District","usgsCitation":"Planert, M., 2007, Simulation of Regional Ground-Water Flow in the Suwannee River Basin, Northern Florida and Southern Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5031, vi, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075031.","productDescription":"vi, 50 p.","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":120838,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2007_5031.jpg"},{"id":9961,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5031/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida, Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Suwannee River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84.5,29 ], [ -84.5,32.25 ], [ -81,32.25 ], [ -81,29 ], [ -84.5,29 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f2fc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Planert, Michael","contributorId":56659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Planert","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":80113,"text":"ofr20071202 - 2007 - Geochemistry of Selected Coal Samples from Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Papua, Indonesia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:38","indexId":"ofr20071202","displayToPublicDate":"2007-07-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1202","title":"Geochemistry of Selected Coal Samples from Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Papua, Indonesia","docAbstract":"Introduction\r\n\r\nIndonesia is an archipelago of more than 17,000 islands that stretches astride the equator for about 5,200 km in southeast Asia (figure 1) and includes major Cenozoic volcano-plutonic arcs, active volcanoes, and various related onshore and offshore basins. These magmatic arcs have extensive Cu and Au mineralization that has generated much exploration and mining in the last 50 years. Although Au and Ag have been mined in Indonesia for over 1000 years (van Leeuwen, 1994), it was not until the middle of the nineteenth century that the Dutch explored and developed major Sn and minor Au, Ag, Ni, bauxite, and coal resources. The metallogeny of Indonesia includes Au-rich porphyry Cu, porphyry Mo, skarn Cu-Au, sedimentary-rock hosted Au, epithermal Au, laterite Ni, and diamond deposits. For example, the Grasberg deposit in Papua has the world's largest gold reserves and the third-largest copper reserves (Sillitoe, 1994).\r\n\r\nCoal mining in Indonesia also has had a long history beginning with the initial production in 1849 in the Mahakam coal field near Pengaron, East Kalimantan; in 1891 in the Ombilin area, Sumatra, (van Leeuwen, 1994); and in South Sumatra in 1919 at the Bukit Asam mine (Soehandojo, 1989). Total production from deposits in Sumatra and Kalimantan, from the 19thth century to World War II, amounted to 40 million metric tons (Mt). After World War II, production declined due to various factors including politics and a boom in the world-wide oil economy. Active exploration and increased mining began again in the 1980's mainly through a change in Indonesian government policy of collaboration with foreign companies and the global oil crises (Prijono, 1989).\r\n\r\nThis recent coal revival (van Leeuwen, 1994) has lead Indonesia to become the largest exporter of thermal (steam) coal and the second largest combined thermal and metallurgical (coking) coal exporter in the world market (Fairhead and others, 2006). The exported coal is desirable as it is low sulfur and ash (generally <1 and < 10 wt.%, respectively). Coal mining for both local use and for export has a very strong future in Indonesia although, at present, there are concerns about the strong need for a major revision in mining laws and foreign investment policies (Wahju, 2004; United States Embassy Jakarta, 2004). The World Coal Quality Inventory (WoCQI) program of the U.S. Geological Survey (Tewalt and others, 2005) is a cooperative project with about 50 countries (out of 70 coal-producing countries world-wide). The WoCQI initiative has collected and published extensive coal quality data from the world's largest coal producers and consumers. The important aspects of the WoCQI program are; (1) samples from active mines are collected, (2) the data have a high degree of internal consistency with a broad array of coal quality parameters, and (3) the data are linked to GIS and available through the world-wide-web. The coal quality parameters include proximate and ultimate analysis, sulfur forms, major-, minor-, and trace-element concentrations and various technological tests. This report contains geochemical data from a selected group of Indonesian coal samples from a range of coal types, localities, and ages collected for the WoCQI program.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071202","usgsCitation":"Belkin, H.E., and Tewalt, S.J., 2007, Geochemistry of Selected Coal Samples from Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Papua, Indonesia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1202, iv, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071202.","productDescription":"iv, 34 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":9941,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1202/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":192443,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 90,-20 ], [ 90,20 ], [ 145,20 ], [ 145,-20 ], [ 90,-20 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b20e4b07f02db6abb74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belkin, Harvey E. 0000-0001-7879-6529 hbelkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7879-6529","contributorId":581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belkin","given":"Harvey","email":"hbelkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tewalt, Susan J. stewalt@usgs.gov","contributorId":64270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tewalt","given":"Susan","email":"stewalt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":259,"text":"Energy Resources Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":291765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80110,"text":"sir20075018 - 2007 - Selenium and other elements in water and adjacent rock and sediment of Toll Gate Creek, Aurora, Arapahoe County, Colorado, December 2003 through March 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-30T10:29:57","indexId":"sir20075018","displayToPublicDate":"2007-07-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5018","displayTitle":"Selenium and Other Elements in Water and Adjacent Rock and Sediment of Toll Gate Creek, Aurora, Arapahoe County, Colorado, December 2003 through March 2004","title":"Selenium and other elements in water and adjacent rock and sediment of Toll Gate Creek, Aurora, Arapahoe County, Colorado, December 2003 through March 2004","docAbstract":"Streamwater and solid samples (rock, unconsolidated sediment, stream sediment, and efflorescent material) in the Toll Gate Creek watershed, Colorado, were collected and analyzed for major and trace elements to determine trace-element concentrations and stream loads from December 2003 through March 2004, a period of seasonally low flow. Special emphasis was given to selenium (Se) concentrations because historic Se concentrations exceeded current (2004) stream standards. The goal of the project was to assess the distribution of Se concentration and loads in Toll Gate Creek and to determine the potential for rock and unconsolidated sediment in the basin to be sources of Se to the streamwater.\r\n\r\nStreamwater samples and discharge measurements were collected during December 2003 and March 2004 along Toll Gate Creek and its two primary tributaries - West Toll Gate Creek and East Toll Gate Creek. During both sampling periods, discharge ranged from 2.5 liters per second to 138 liters per second in the watershed. Discharge was greater in March 2004 than December 2003, but both periods represent low flow in Toll Gate Creek, and results of this study should not be extended to periods of higher flow. Discharge decreased moving downstream in East Toll Gate Creek but increased moving downstream along West Toll Gate Creek and the main stem of Toll Gate Creek, indicating that these two streams gain flow from ground water. Se concentrations in streamwater samples ranged from 7 to 70 micrograms per liter, were elevated in the upstream-most samples, and were greater than the State stream standard of 4.6 micrograms per liter. Se loads ranged from 6 grams per day to 250 grams per day, decreased in a downstream direction along East Toll Gate Creek, and increased in a downstream direction along West Toll Gate Creek and Toll Gate Creek. The largest Se-load increases occurred between two sampling locations on West Toll Gate Creek during both sampling periods and between the two sampling locations on the main stem of Toll Gate Creek during the December 2003 sampling. These load increases may indicate that sources of Se exist between these two locations; however, Se loading along West Toll Gate Creek and Toll Gate Creek primarily was characterized by gradual downstream increases in load. Linear regressions between Se load and discharge for both sampling periods had large, significant values of r2 (r2 > 0.96, p < 0.0001) because increases in Se load (per unit of flow increase) were generally constant. This relation is evidence for a constant addition of water having a relatively constant Se concentration over much of the length of Toll Gate Creek, a result which is consistent with a ground-water source for the Se loads.\r\n\r\nRock outcroppings along the stream were highly weathered, and Se concentrations in rock and other solid samples ranged from below detection (1 part per million) to 25 parts per million. One sample of efflorescence (a surface encrustation produced by evaporation) had the greatest selenium concentration of all solid samples, was composed of thenardite (sodium sulfate), gypsum (calcium sulfate) and minor halite (sodium chloride), and released all of its Se during a 30-minute water-leaching procedure. Calculations indicate there was an insufficient amount of this material present throughout the watershed to account for the observed Se load in the stream. However, this material likely indicates zones of ground-water discharge that contain Se.\r\n\r\nThis report did not identify an unequivocal source of Se in Toll Gate Creek. However, multiple lines of evidence indicate that ground-water discharge supplies Se to Toll Gate Creek: (1) the occurrence of elevated Se concentrations in the stream throughout the watershed and in the headwater regions, upstream from industrial sources; (2) the progressive increase in Se loads moving downstream, which indicates a continuous input of Se along the stream rather than input from point sources; (3) the occurr","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20075018","collaboration":"Prepared in Cooperation with the City of Aurora, Colorado, Utilities Department","usgsCitation":"Herring, J., and Walton-Day, K., 2007, Selenium and other elements in water and adjacent rock and sediment of Toll Gate Creek, Aurora, Arapahoe County, Colorado, December 2003 through March 2004 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5018, vi, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075018.","productDescription":"vi, 58 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2003-12-01","temporalEnd":"2004-03-30","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":120982,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2007_5018.jpg"},{"id":9938,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5018/pdf/sir07-5018_508.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Arapahoe County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.88333333333334,39.61666666666667 ], [ -104.88333333333334,39.766666666666666 ], [ -104.7,39.766666666666666 ], [ -104.7,39.61666666666667 ], [ -104.88333333333334,39.61666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a00e4b07f02db5f7c90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herring, J. R.","contributorId":43348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herring","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walton-Day, Katherine 0000-0002-9146-6193","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9146-6193","contributorId":68339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walton-Day","given":"Katherine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80094,"text":"sir20075104 - 2007 - Characterization of stormflows and wastewater treatment-plant effluent discharges on water quality, suspended sediment, and stream morphology for Fountain and Monument Creek watersheds, Colorado, 1981-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-13T16:36:59.754556","indexId":"sir20075104","displayToPublicDate":"2007-07-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5104","displayTitle":"Characterization of Stormflows and Wastewater Treatment-Plant Effluent Discharges on Water Quality, Suspended Sediment, and Stream Morphology for Fountain and Monument Creek Watersheds, Colorado, 1981-2006","title":"Characterization of stormflows and wastewater treatment-plant effluent discharges on water quality, suspended sediment, and stream morphology for Fountain and Monument Creek watersheds, Colorado, 1981-2006","docAbstract":"In 1998, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Colorado Springs City Engineering, began a study of the Fountain and Monument Creek watersheds to characterize water quality and suspended-sediment conditions in the watershed for different flow regimes, with an emphasis on characterizing water quality during storm runoff. Water-quality and suspended-sediment samples were collected in the Fountain and Monument Creek watersheds from 1981 through 2006 to evaluate the effects of stormflows and wastewater-treatment effluent on Fountain and Monument Creeks in the Colorado Springs, Colorado, area. Water-quality data were collected at 11 sites between 1981 and 2001, and 14 tributary sites were added in 2003 to increase spatial coverage and characterize water quality throughout the watersheds. Suspended-sediment samples collected daily at 7 sites from 1998 through 2001, 6 sites daily from 2003 through 2006, and 13 tributary sites intermittently from 2003 through 2006 were used to evaluate the effects of stormflow on suspended-sediment concentrations, discharges, and yields. Data were separated into three flow regimes: base flow, normal flow, and stormflow.
Stormflow concentrations from 1998 through 2006 were compared to Colorado acute instream standards and, with the exception of a few isolated cases, did not exceed water-quality standards for inorganic constituents that were analyzed. However, stormflow concentrations of both fecal coliform and Escherichia coli (E. coli) frequently exceeded water-quality standards during 1998 through 2006 on main-stem and tributary sites by more than an order of magnitude. There were two sites on Cottonwood Creek, a tributary to Monument Creek, with elevated concentrations of dissolved nitrite plus nitrate: site 07103985 (TbCr), a tributary to Cottonwood Creek and site 07103990 (lower_CoCr), downstream from site 07103985 (TbCr), and near the confluence with Monument Creek. During base-flow and normal-flow conditions, the median concentrations of dissolved nitrite plus nitrate ranged from 5.1 to 6.1 mg/L and were 4 to 7 times larger than concentrations at the nearest upstream site on Monument Creek, site 07103970 (MoCr_Woodmen). The source of these larger dissolved nitrite plus nitrate concentrations has not been identified, but the fact that all measurements had elevated dissolved nitrite plus nitrate concentrations indicates a relatively constant source. Most stormflow concentrations of dissolved trace elements were smaller than concentrations from base-flow or normal-flow samples. However, median concentrations of total arsenic, copper, lead, manganese, nickel, and zinc generally were much larger during periods of stormflow than during base flow or normal flow. Concentrations of dissolved and total copper, total manganese, total nickel, dissolved and total selenium, and dissolved and total zinc ranged from 3 to 27 times larger at site 07103707 (FoCr_8th) than site 07103700 (FoCr_Manitou) during base flow, indicating a large source of trace elements between these two sites. Both of these sites are located on Fountain Creek, upstream from the confluence with Monument Creek. The likely source area is Gold Hill Mesa, a former tailings pile for a gold refinery located just upstream from the confluence with Monument Creek, and upstream from site 07103707 (FoCr_8th). Farther downstream in Fountain Creek, stormflow samples for total copper, manganese, lead, nickel, and zinc were larger at the downstream site near the city of Security, site 07105800 (FoCr_Security), than at the upstream site near Janitell Road, site 07105530 (FoCr_Janitell), compared with other main-stem sites and indicated a relatively large source of these metals between the two sites. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and trace-element loads substantially increased during stormflow.
Suspended-sediment concentrations, discharges, and yields associated with stormflow were significantly larger than those associated with normal flow. The April through October cumulative suspended-sediment discharges and streamflows were largest in 1999 and smallest in 2002. Although large spatial variations in suspended-sediment yields occurred during normal flows, the suspended-sediment yields associated with stormflow generally were more than 10 times larger than the suspended-sediment yields that occurred during normal flow. The largest suspended-sediment yields occurred at sites on streams located in the Colorado Piedmont that drain to Fountain and Monument Creeks from the east.
Minimum streamflows at all sites have the capacity to transport coarse sand and gravel, and maximum streamflows at some sites have the capacity to transport coarse gravel to cobble-size material. Channel downcutting is the predominant channel-forming process. Wastewater treatment-plant discharge increased streamflow and transport capacity, resulting in a shift in median bed-material size from fine to medium gravel.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20075104","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Colorado Springs City Engineering","usgsCitation":"Mau, D.P., Stogner, and Edelmann, P., 2007, Characterization of stormflows and wastewater treatment-plant effluent discharges on water quality, suspended sediment, and stream morphology for Fountain and Monument Creek watersheds, Colorado, 1981-2006: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5104, ix, 76 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075104.","productDescription":"ix, 76 p.","temporalStart":"1981-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121233,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2007_5104.jpg"},{"id":415720,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81506.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":9885,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5104/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Albers Equal Area Conic","country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Fountain and Monument Creek watersheds","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105,\n 38.6667\n ],\n [\n -105,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -104.5,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -104.5,\n 38.6667\n ],\n [\n -105,\n 38.6667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db6849ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mau, David P. dpmau@usgs.gov","contributorId":457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mau","given":"David","email":"dpmau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":291707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stogner 0000-0002-3185-1452 rstogner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3185-1452","contributorId":938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stogner","email":"rstogner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":291708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edelmann, Patrick","contributorId":86305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edelmann","given":"Patrick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":80093,"text":"ofr20071182 - 2007 - Reported Historic Asbestos Mines, Historic Asbestos Prospects, and Natural Asbestos Occurrences in the Rocky Mountain States of the United States (Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, and Wyoming)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:39","indexId":"ofr20071182","displayToPublicDate":"2007-07-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1182","title":"Reported Historic Asbestos Mines, Historic Asbestos Prospects, and Natural Asbestos Occurrences in the Rocky Mountain States of the United States (Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, and Wyoming)","docAbstract":"This map and its accompanying dataset provide information for 48 natural asbestos occurrences in the Rocky Mountain States of the United States (U.S.), using descriptions found in the geologic literature. Data on location, mineralogy, geology, and relevant literature for each asbestos site are provided. Using the map and digital data in this report, the user can examine the distribution of previously reported asbestos occurrences and their geological characteristics in the Rocky Mountain States. This report is part of an ongoing study by the U.S. Geological Survey to identify and map reported natural asbestos occurrences in the U.S., which thus far includes similar maps and datasets of natural asbestos occurrences within the Eastern U.S. (http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1189/) and the Central U.S. (http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1211/). These reports are intended to provide State and local government agencies and other stakeholders with geologic information on natural occurrences of asbestos in the U.S.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071182","usgsCitation":"Van Gosen, B.S., 2007, Reported Historic Asbestos Mines, Historic Asbestos Prospects, and Natural Asbestos Occurrences in the Rocky Mountain States of the United States (Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, and Wyoming) (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1182, Plate; Download Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071182.","productDescription":"Plate; Download Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192198,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9883,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1182/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120,30 ], [ -120,50 ], [ -100,50 ], [ -100,30 ], [ -120,30 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a58e4b07f02db62f5be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Gosen, Bradley S. 0000-0003-4214-3811 bvangose@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4214-3811","contributorId":1174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Gosen","given":"Bradley","email":"bvangose@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":80088,"text":"sir20075085 - 2007 - Natural gases in ground water near Tioga Junction, Tioga County, north-central Pennsylvania: Occurrence and use of isotopes to determine origins, 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-28T21:13:01.127198","indexId":"sir20075085","displayToPublicDate":"2007-07-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5085","title":"Natural gases in ground water near Tioga Junction, Tioga County, north-central Pennsylvania: Occurrence and use of isotopes to determine origins, 2005","docAbstract":"In January 2001, State oil and gas inspectors noted bubbles of natural gas in well water during a complaint investigation near Tioga Junction, Tioga County, north-central Pa. By 2004, the gas occurrence in ground water and accumulation in homes was a safety concern; inspectors were taking action to plug abandoned gas wells and collect gas samples. The origins of the natural-gas problems in ground water were investigated by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, in wells throughout an area of about 50 mi2, using compositional and isotopic characteristics of methane and ethane in gas and water wells. This report presents the results for gas-well and water-well samples collected from October 2004 to September 2005.\r\n\r\nGround water for rural-domestic supply and other uses near Tioga Junction is from two aquifer systems in and adjacent to the Tioga River valley. An unconsolidated aquifer of outwash sand and gravel of Quaternary age underlies the main river valley and extends into the valleys of tributaries. Fine-grained lacustrine sediments separate shallow and deep water-bearing zones of the outwash. Outwash-aquifer wells are seldom deeper than 100 ft. The river-valley sediments and uplands adjacent to the valley are underlain by a fractured-bedrock aquifer in siliciclastic rocks of Paleozoic age. Most bedrock-aquifer wells produce water from the Lock Haven Formation at depths of 250 ft or less. \r\n\r\nA review of previous geologic investigations was used to establish the structural framework and identify four plausible origins for natural gas. The Sabinsville Anticline, trending southwest to northeast, is the major structural feature in the Devonian bedrock. The anticline, a structural trap for a reservoir of deep native gas in the Oriskany Sandstone (Devonian) (origin 1) at depths of about 3,900 ft, was explored and tapped by numerous wells from 1930-60. The gas reservoir in the vicinity of Tioga Junction, depleted of native gas, was converted to the Tioga gas-storage field for injection and withdrawal of non-native gases (origin 2). Devonian shale gas (shallow native gas) also has been reported in the area (origin 3). Gas might also originate from microbial degradation of buried organic material in the outwash deposits (origin 4).\r\n\r\nAn inventory of combustible-gas concentrations in headspaces of water samples from 91 wells showed 49 wells had water containing combustible gases at volume fractions of 0.1 percent or more. Well depth was a factor in the observed occurrence of combustible gas for the 62 bedrock wells inventoried. As well-depth range increased from less than 50 ft to 51-150 ft to greater than 151 ft, the percentage of bedrock-aquifer wells with combustible gas increased. Wells with high concentrations of combustible gas occurred in clusters; the largest cluster was near the eastern boundary of the gas-storage field. A subsequent detailed gas-sampling effort focused on 39 water wells with the highest concentrations of combustible gas (12 representing the outwash aquifer and 27 from the bedrock aquifer) and 8 selected gas wells. Three wells producing native gas from the Oriskany Sandstone and five wells (two observation wells and three injection/withdrawal wells) with non-native gas from the gas-storage field were sampled twice. Chemical composition, stable carbon and hydrogen isotopes of methane (13CCH4 and DCH4), and stable carbon isotopes of ethane (13CC2H6) were analyzed. No samples could be collected to document the composition of microbial gas originating in the outwash deposits (outwash or 'drift' gas) or of native natural gas originating solely in Devonian shale at depths shallower than the Oriskany Sandstone, although two of the storage-field observation wells sampled reportedly yielded some Devonian shale gas. Literature values for outwash or 'drift' gas and Devonian shale gases were used to supplement the data collection.\r\n\r\nNon-native gases fr","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20075085","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Breen, K.J., Revesz, K., Baldassare, F.J., and McAuley, S.D., 2007, Natural gases in ground water near Tioga Junction, Tioga County, north-central Pennsylvania: Occurrence and use of isotopes to determine origins, 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5085, vii, 65 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075085.","productDescription":"vii, 65 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2004-10-01","temporalEnd":"2005-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":430617,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81498.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":9877,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5085/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":191448,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Tioga County","otherGeospatial":"Tioga Junction","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.375,\n 41.6667\n ],\n [\n -77.375,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -76.875,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -76.875,\n 41.6667\n ],\n [\n -77.375,\n 41.6667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db6982ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breen, Kevin J. 0000-0002-9447-6469 kjbreen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9447-6469","contributorId":219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breen","given":"Kevin","email":"kjbreen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Revesz, Kinga","contributorId":64285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Revesz","given":"Kinga","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baldassare, Fred J.","contributorId":22444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldassare","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McAuley, Steven D.","contributorId":81895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAuley","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":80077,"text":"sir20075094 - 2007 - Preliminary volcano-hazard assessment for the Tanaga volcanic cluster, Tanaga Island, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T09:53:37","indexId":"sir20075094","displayToPublicDate":"2007-07-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5094","title":"Preliminary volcano-hazard assessment for the Tanaga volcanic cluster, Tanaga Island, Alaska","docAbstract":"Summary of Volcano Hazards at Tanaga Volcanic Cluster The Tanaga volcanic cluster lies on the northwest part of Tanaga Island, about 100 kilometers west of Adak, Alaska, and 2,025 kilometers southwest of Anchorage, Alaska. The cluster consists of three volcanoes-from west to east, they are Sajaka, Tanaga, and Takawangha. All three volcanoes have erupted in the last 1,000 years, producing lava flows and tephra (ash) deposits. A much less frequent, but potentially more hazardous phenomenon, is volcanic edifice collapse into the sea, which likely happens only on a timescale of every few thousands of years, at most. Parts of the volcanic bedrock near Takawangha have been altered by hydrothermal activity and are prone to slope failure, but such events only present a local hazard. Given the volcanic cluster's remote location, the primary hazard from the Tanaga volcanoes is airborne ash that could affect aircraft. In this report, we summarize the major volcanic hazards associated with the Tanaga volcanic cluster.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20075094","usgsCitation":"Coombs, M.L., McGimsey, R.G., and Browne, B., 2007, Preliminary volcano-hazard assessment for the Tanaga volcanic cluster, Tanaga Island, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5094, Report: vi, 37 p.; Plate: 30 x 20 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075094.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 37 p.; Plate: 30 x 20 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190844,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9866,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5094/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"250000","projection":"Albers Equal Area Conic","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Tanaga Volcanic Cluster","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2de4b07f02db614253","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coombs, Michelle L. 0000-0002-6002-6806 mcoombs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6002-6806","contributorId":2809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coombs","given":"Michelle","email":"mcoombs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGimsey, Robert G. 0000-0001-5379-7779 mcgimsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5379-7779","contributorId":2352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGimsey","given":"Robert","email":"mcgimsey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Browne, Brandon L.","contributorId":21646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Browne","given":"Brandon L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79687,"text":"cir1294 - 2007 - Proceedings for a workshop on deposit modeling, mineral resource assessment, and their role in sustainable development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-15T19:48:24.929632","indexId":"cir1294","displayToPublicDate":"2007-06-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1294","title":"Proceedings for a workshop on deposit modeling, mineral resource assessment, and their role in sustainable development","docAbstract":"The world's use of nonfuel mineral resources continues to increase to support a growing population and increasing standards of living. The ability to meet this increasing demand is affected especially by concerns about possible environmental degradation associated with minerals production and by competing land uses. What information does the world need to support global minerals development in a sustainable way?
Informed planning and decisions concerning sustainability and future mineral resource supply require a long–term perspective and an integrated approach to resource, land use, economic, and environmental management worldwide. Such perspective and approach require unbiased information on the global distribution of identified and especially undiscovered resources, the economic and political factors influencing their development, and the potential environmental consequences of their exploitation.
The U.S. Geological Survey and the former Deposit Modeling Program of the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) sponsored a workshop on \"Deposit Modeling, Mineral Resource Assessment, and Their Role in Sustainable Development\" at the 31st International Geological Congress (IGC) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on August 18–19, 2000. The purpose of the workshop was to review the state-of-the-art in mineral deposit modeling and resource assessment and to examine the role of global assessments of nonfuel mineral resources in sustainable development.
The workshop addressed questions such as the following: Which of the available mineral deposit models and assessment methods are best suited for predicting the locations, deposit types, and amounts of undiscovered nonfuel mineral resources remaining in the world? What is the availability of global geologic, mineral deposit, and mineral exploration information? How can mineral resource assessments be used to address economic and environmental issues? Presentations included overviews of assessment methods applied in previous national and other small-scale assessments of large regions and of the resulting assessment products and their uses.
Twenty-seven people from Canada, China, Finland, Germany, Japan, Peru, Slovenia, South Africa, United States, and Venezuela participated in the 2-day post-Congress workshop. The attendees represented academia, government, environmental organizations, and the mining industry.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir1294","isbn":"9781411301275","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Deposit Modeling Program, International Union of Geological Sciences, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization","usgsCitation":"2007, Proceedings for a workshop on deposit modeling, mineral resource assessment, and their role in sustainable development (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1294, vi, 143 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1294.","productDescription":"vi, 143 p.","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192001,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402234,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81500.htm"},{"id":9862,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/2007/1294/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db654e02","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Briskey, Joseph A.","contributorId":77605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briskey","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729050,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schulz, Klaus J. 0000-0003-2967-4765 kschulz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2967-4765","contributorId":2438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"Klaus","email":"kschulz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":729051,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80062,"text":"fs20073045 - 2007 - Boiling water at Hot Creek— The dangerous and dynamic thermal springs in California’s Long Valley Caldera","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-24T20:57:10.422058","indexId":"fs20073045","displayToPublicDate":"2007-06-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-3045","title":"Boiling water at Hot Creek— The dangerous and dynamic thermal springs in California’s Long Valley Caldera","docAbstract":"The beautiful blue pools and impressive boiling fountains along Hot Creek in east-central California have provided enjoyment to generations of visitors, but they have also been the cause of injury or death to some who disregarded warnings and fences. The springs and geysers in the stream bed and along its banks change location, temperature, and flow rates frequently and unpredictably. The hot springs and geysers of Hot Creek are visible signs of dynamic geologic processes in this volcanic region, where underground heat drives thermal spring activity.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs20073045","usgsCitation":"Farrar, C.D., Evans, W.C., Venezky, D.Y., Hurwitz, S., and Oliver, L.K., 2007, Boiling water at Hot Creek— The dangerous and dynamic thermal springs in California’s Long Valley Caldera (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2007-3045, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20073045.","productDescription":"4 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":367,"text":"Long Valley Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":120727,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2007_3045.jpg"},{"id":388459,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81467.htm"},{"id":9847,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2007/3045/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Long Valley caldera","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.25,37.5 ], [ -119.25,37.833333333333336 ], [ -118.5,37.833333333333336 ], [ -118.5,37.5 ], [ -119.25,37.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1be4b07f02db607457","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farrar, Christopher D. cdfarrar@usgs.gov","contributorId":1501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrar","given":"Christopher","email":"cdfarrar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":291604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, William C. 0000-0001-5942-3102 wcevans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5942-3102","contributorId":2353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"wcevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Venezky, Dina Y.","contributorId":36232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Venezky","given":"Dina","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hurwitz, Shaul 0000-0001-5142-6886 shaulh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5142-6886","contributorId":2169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurwitz","given":"Shaul","email":"shaulh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Oliver, Lynn K.","contributorId":72481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oliver","given":"Lynn","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}