{"pageNumber":"2165","pageRowStart":"54100","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68899,"records":[{"id":47630,"text":"wri8118 - 1981 - Stream-temperature patterns of the Muddy Creek basin, Anne Arundel County, Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:24","indexId":"wri8118","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-18","title":"Stream-temperature patterns of the Muddy Creek basin, Anne Arundel County, Maryland","docAbstract":"Using a water-balance equation based on a 4.25-year gaging-station record on North Fork Muddy Creek, the following mean annual values were obtained for the Muddy Creek basin: precipitation, 49.0 inches; evapotranspiration, 28.0 inches; runoff, 18.5 inches; and underflow, 2.5 inches. Average freshwater outflow from the Muddy Creek basin to the Rhode River estuary was 12.2 cfs during the period October 1, 1971, to December 31, 1975. Harmonic equations were used to describe seasonal maximum and minimum stream-temperature patterns at 12 sites in the basin. These equations were fitted to continuous water-temperature data obtained periodically at each site between November 1970 and June 1978. The harmonic equations explain at least 78 percent of the variance in maximum stream temperatures and 81 percent of the variance in minimum temperatures. Standard errors of estimate averaged 2.3C (Celsius) for daily maximum water temperatures and 2.1C for daily minimum temperatures. Mean annual water temperatures developed for a 5.4-year base period ranged from 11.9C at Muddy Creek to 13.1C at Many Fork Branch. The largest variations in stream temperatures were detected at thermograph sites below ponded reaches and where forest coverage was sparse or missing. At most sites the largest variations in daily water temperatures were recorded in April whereas the smallest were in September and October. The low thermal inertia of streams in the Muddy Creek basin tends to amplify the impact of surface energy-exchange processes on short-period stream-temperature patterns. Thus, in response to meteorologic events, wide ranging stream-temperature perturbations of as much as 6C have been documented in the basin. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri8118","usgsCitation":"Pluhowski, E., 1981, Stream-temperature patterns of the Muddy Creek basin, Anne Arundel County, Maryland: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-18, p. 143, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8118.","productDescription":"p. 143","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":169947,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a5048","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pluhowski, E.J.","contributorId":52244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pluhowski","given":"E.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":235925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29866,"text":"wri8086 - 1981 - Variations in climatic characteristics as related to evapotranspiration in South Park, central Park County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:59","indexId":"wri8086","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-86","title":"Variations in climatic characteristics as related to evapotranspiration in South Park, central Park County, Colorado","docAbstract":"Data collected from May through September in 1977, 1978, and 1979 at three stations were analyzed using an analysis of variance technique to determine variations in climatic characteristics in South Park, Colo. Knowledge of these climatic characteristics will aid in determining the amount of water that may be transferred from agricultural use in South Park to municipal use in the Denver metropolitan area. Daily minimum air temperature, daily average air temperature, cumulative wind, daily relative humidity, and daily solar radiation were statistically different between the three stations at the 1-percent level of significance. Daily maximum air temperature and daily pan evaporation were not significantly different between some stations. Daily precipitation was not significantly different between the three stations. Estimates of potential evapotranspiration made using the Penman equation were not significantly different between the three stations. The lack of spatial variations in the estimated potential evapotranspiration shows that no one climatic characteristic can be used as an indicator of spatial variation of potential evapotranspiration. Large variations in solar radiation between the three stations indicate that solar radiation needs to be measured at sites where evapotranspiration is being determined. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division,","doi":"10.3133/wri8086","usgsCitation":"Spahr, N.E., 1981, Variations in climatic characteristics as related to evapotranspiration in South Park, central Park County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 80-86, iv, 154 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8086.","productDescription":"iv, 154 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160115,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/0086/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58676,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/0086/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602af0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spahr, Norman E. nspahr@usgs.gov","contributorId":1977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spahr","given":"Norman","email":"nspahr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":202265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":30250,"text":"wri8090 - 1981 - Geology and hydrology for environmental planning in Marquette County, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-12T11:01:07","indexId":"wri8090","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-90","title":"Geology and hydrology for environmental planning in Marquette County, Michigan","docAbstract":"<p>Marquette County, in the glaciated area of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, includes 1,878 square miles. Precipitation averages 32 inches per year. </p><p>Bedrock and glacial deposits contain materials that are good aquifers. Sedimentary bedrock units generally yield sufficient water for domestic supply and, in places, may yield more than 100 gallons per minute to large-diameter wells. In the glacial deposits, sand and gravel beds are the principal aquifers; yields to wells range from less than 10 to 200 gallons per minute. Igneous and metamorphic rocks yield little or no water to wells. </p><p>Suitable sewage and refuse disposal sites are not readily available because of the abundance of wetlands, streams, and lakes susceptible to infiltrating leachate.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reson, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri8090","usgsCitation":"Twenter, F.R., 1981, Geology and hydrology for environmental planning in Marquette County, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 80-90, viii, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8090.","productDescription":"viii, 44 p.","numberOfPages":"55","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160493,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/0090/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":343689,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/0090/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Marquette County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-88.0385,46.9097],[-88.0252,46.9094],[-88.0166,46.9095],[-88.0053,46.9077],[-87.9953,46.9074],[-87.9847,46.9075],[-87.9714,46.909],[-87.9615,46.91],[-87.9489,46.9102],[-87.9323,46.9099],[-87.921,46.91],[-87.9124,46.9101],[-87.9051,46.9111],[-87.8937,46.9085],[-87.8883,46.9049],[-87.8775,46.8962],[-87.8769,46.8967],[-87.8681,46.8917],[-87.8581,46.8886],[-87.8481,46.886],[-87.8395,46.887],[-87.8316,46.8907],[-87.823,46.8922],[-87.8137,46.8904],[-87.809,46.8863],[-87.8009,46.8832],[-87.7929,46.8815],[-87.7863,46.8811],[-87.7796,46.8797],[-87.7769,46.8761],[-87.7781,46.8697],[-87.768,46.8638],[-87.7574,46.8611],[-87.7508,46.8653],[-87.7468,46.8658],[-87.7415,46.8654],[-87.7381,46.8586],[-87.738,46.8517],[-87.7372,46.8443],[-87.7357,46.8366],[-87.7303,46.8306],[-87.7236,46.8275],[-87.7123,46.8257],[-87.7056,46.8258],[-87.7003,46.8268],[-87.6957,46.8291],[-87.6925,46.8301],[-87.6898,46.8319],[-87.6906,46.8374],[-87.6893,46.842],[-87.688,46.8429],[-87.6841,46.8439],[-87.6787,46.8426],[-87.6746,46.833],[-87.6717,46.8187],[-87.667,46.8174],[-87.6564,46.8138],[-87.657,46.8111],[-87.6602,46.8083],[-87.6636,46.8087],[-87.6642,46.8074],[-87.6629,46.8064],[-87.6595,46.8051],[-87.6569,46.8056],[-87.6542,46.8065],[-87.6517,46.812],[-87.6497,46.8134],[-87.6484,46.8134],[-87.6464,46.8139],[-87.6398,46.8144],[-87.6351,46.8122],[-87.6331,46.8117],[-87.6257,46.8022],[-87.6169,46.7953],[-87.6035,46.7872],[-87.5922,46.7822],[-87.594,46.7744],[-87.5932,46.7653],[-87.5932,46.7625],[-87.5877,46.7492],[-87.5834,46.7305],[-87.5693,46.7182],[-87.5626,46.7164],[-87.5452,46.7019],[-87.5411,46.6955],[-87.5285,46.6933],[-87.5252,46.6919],[-87.5232,46.691],[-87.5244,46.6842],[-87.5243,46.6786],[-87.5242,46.6731],[-87.5168,46.6659],[-87.5074,46.654],[-87.506,46.6471],[-87.4993,46.6444],[-87.4907,46.6422],[-87.482,46.6395],[-87.4668,46.6369],[-87.4673,46.6291],[-87.4686,46.6249],[-87.4645,46.6163],[-87.4624,46.6108],[-87.4577,46.6092],[-87.4572,46.6089],[-87.4438,46.6008],[-87.4411,46.5949],[-87.4331,46.5908],[-87.4225,46.5909],[-87.4113,46.5928],[-87.4093,46.5877],[-87.4033,46.585],[-87.3993,46.5846],[-87.3934,46.5846],[-87.3894,46.5847],[-87.3868,46.5916],[-87.3822,46.5925],[-87.3809,46.5921],[-87.3789,46.5889],[-87.3795,46.5857],[-87.3814,46.5797],[-87.3874,46.5806],[-87.3906,46.5792],[-87.3932,46.5695],[-87.3884,46.5604],[-87.3836,46.5485],[-87.3757,46.5476],[-87.373,46.5458],[-87.3743,46.5449],[-87.3789,46.5435],[-87.3802,46.5393],[-87.3875,46.5434],[-87.3934,46.5411],[-87.394,46.537],[-87.3913,46.5319],[-87.3926,46.5296],[-87.3812,46.5182],[-87.3719,46.5114],[-87.3679,46.5087],[-87.3646,46.5064],[-87.3626,46.5055],[-87.3546,46.5015],[-87.3434,46.4979],[-87.3208,46.4921],[-87.2977,46.489],[-87.2654,46.4873],[-87.2443,46.4874],[-87.2337,46.4875],[-87.2093,46.4899],[-87.1922,46.4923],[-87.179,46.4956],[-87.1751,46.4993],[-87.1725,46.5038],[-87.1699,46.5052],[-87.1659,46.5057],[-87.1613,46.5021],[-87.1593,46.4984],[-87.154,46.4966],[-87.1381,46.4939],[-87.119,46.4959],[-87.1189,46.4175],[-87.1188,46.4033],[-87.1189,46.3469],[-87.1188,46.3323],[-87.1178,46.1578],[-87.2445,46.1572],[-87.2465,45.9841],[-87.3709,45.9847],[-87.4966,45.9852],[-87.6203,45.9852],[-87.6205,46.0712],[-87.6187,46.1582],[-87.6189,46.2476],[-87.7424,46.2469],[-88.1178,46.2471],[-88.1173,46.2819],[-88.1174,46.4194],[-88.1182,46.5042],[-88.1185,46.6793],[-88.0563,46.6791],[-88.045,46.6788],[-87.9921,46.6785],[-87.9918,46.7225],[-87.9919,46.7299],[-87.9921,46.7652],[-88.0464,46.7655],[-88.0459,46.9123],[-88.0385,46.9097]]],[[[-87.4114,46.6024],[-87.4134,46.6015],[-87.4174,46.6024],[-87.4201,46.6042],[-87.4201,46.6051],[-87.4214,46.6069],[-87.4241,46.6092],[-87.4228,46.6115],[-87.4202,46.612],[-87.4155,46.6115],[-87.4122,46.6107],[-87.4102,46.6097],[-87.4089,46.6079],[-87.4088,46.6056],[-87.4095,46.6038],[-87.4108,46.6029],[-87.4114,46.6024]]],[[[-88.008,46.9688],[-88.0026,46.9679],[-87.9993,46.9679],[-87.9953,46.9675],[-87.9913,46.9657],[-87.9886,46.9635],[-87.9925,46.9602],[-87.9992,46.9611],[-88.0032,46.9624],[-88.0059,46.9656],[-88.008,46.9688]]],[[[-87.9671,46.9513],[-87.9697,46.9513],[-87.9731,46.9535],[-87.9764,46.9549],[-87.9752,46.9581],[-87.9692,46.9582],[-87.9652,46.9568],[-87.9631,46.9523],[-87.9644,46.9513],[-87.9671,46.9513]]],[[[-87.3942,46.5979],[-87.3988,46.5975],[-87.4002,46.5997],[-87.4002,46.6011],[-87.3996,46.6029],[-87.3956,46.6021],[-87.3916,46.6012],[-87.3922,46.5993],[-87.3942,46.5979]]],[[[-87.3671,46.5986],[-87.3638,46.5981],[-87.3618,46.5981],[-87.3605,46.5954],[-87.3617,46.5926],[-87.3637,46.5926],[-87.3677,46.5935],[-87.3691,46.5958],[-87.3671,46.5986]]],[[[-87.3805,46.5595],[-87.3818,46.5595],[-87.3812,46.5632],[-87.3799,46.565],[-87.3766,46.565],[-87.3752,46.5641],[-87.3739,46.5619],[-87.3785,46.5595],[-87.3805,46.5595]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Marquette\",\"state\":\"MI\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db6852a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Twenter, F. R.","contributorId":81080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twenter","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":30583,"text":"wri8164 - 1981 - Modeled impacts of surface coal mining on dissolved solids in the Tongue River, southeastern Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-01T11:35:37","indexId":"wri8164","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-64","title":"Modeled impacts of surface coal mining on dissolved solids in the Tongue River, southeastern Montana","docAbstract":"A computer model has been developed for spatial and temporal simulation of streamflow and dissolved solids in the Tongue River from the Tongue River Dam to Miles City, Montana. User-defined plans of surface coal mining and agricultural development permit evaluation of potential changes in dissolved solids resulting from leaching of overburden material used to backfill mine pits and from withdrawal and return flow of irrigation water. Provision is made for simulation runs using increased streamflow from a proposed larger reservoir intended to replace the present Tongue River Reservoir. Simulations at mean streamflow indicated that mining 119,600 acres of federally leased coal tracts may increase by 4.8 percent the present annual dissolved-solids concentration in the Tongue River at Miles City. Simulations using the proposed Tongue River reservoir show substantial reductions in dissolved-solids concentration when paired with similar simulations using the present Tongue River Reservoir. When compared on a per-acre basis for the study area, the dewatering caused by irrigation increases dissolved-solids concentration more than the input of leachates from surface coal-mining operations. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri8164","usgsCitation":"Woods, P.F., 1981, Modeled impacts of surface coal mining on dissolved solids in the Tongue River, southeastern Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-64, v, 73 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8164.","productDescription":"v, 73 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160278,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0064/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":368884,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0064/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Tongue River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.92993164062499,\n              44.999767019181284\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.919189453125,\n              44.999767019181284\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.919189453125,\n              46.255846818480315\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.92993164062499,\n              46.255846818480315\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.92993164062499,\n              44.999767019181284\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db6999fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woods, Paul F.","contributorId":82273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woods","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29977,"text":"wri8139 - 1981 - Water type and suitability of Oklahoma surface waters for public supply and irrigation; Part 2: Salt Fork Arkansas and Cimarron River basins through 1978","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-02T10:22:28","indexId":"wri8139","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-39","title":"Water type and suitability of Oklahoma surface waters for public supply and irrigation; Part 2: Salt Fork Arkansas and Cimarron River basins through 1978","docAbstract":"<p>Water-quality data in the Salt Fork Arkansas and Cimarron River basins within Oklahoma, through 1978, were examined for water type and suitability for public water supply and irrigation use. Of 76 stations with available data, 32 stations or 42 percent were considered to have sufficient data for analysis. The classification of water type was based on the relation of the major ions: calcium, magnesium, sodium, carbonate, bicarbonate, sulfate, and chloride to each other within the range of measured specific conductance. The suitability for use as a public supply was based on the concentration distribution of selected constituents. The constituents selected were those with maximum contaminant levels established by regulation, or constituents for which recommended maximum limits have been established and for which historic data are available. The irrigation classification method of Wilcox was used to relate sodium, calcium, and magnesium concentrations and the salinity distribution to the use of the water for irrigation. Where data were available, the chance of phytotoxic effects by boron was discussed.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri8139","usgsCitation":"Stoner, J.D., 1981, Water type and suitability of Oklahoma surface waters for public supply and irrigation; Part 2: Salt Fork Arkansas and Cimarron River basins through 1978: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-39, v, 150 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8139.","productDescription":"v, 150 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160165,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0039/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":359106,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0039/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Cimarron River Basin, Salt Fork Arkansas River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -103,\n              35.263561862152095\n            ],\n            [\n              -96,\n              35.263561862152095\n            ],\n            [\n              -96,\n              36.98500309285596\n            ],\n            [\n              -103,\n              36.98500309285596\n            ],\n            [\n              -103,\n              35.263561862152095\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48d1e4b07f02db5474fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stoner, Jerry D.","contributorId":38611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoner","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":30176,"text":"wri8183 - 1981 - Quality of surface water before implementation of a flood-control project in Chaska, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T11:38:12","indexId":"wri8183","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-83","title":"Quality of surface water before implementation of a flood-control project in Chaska, Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>Samples were collected for 1 year from East Creek, Chaska Creek, and Courthouse Lake in Chaska, Minnesota, to determine the water quality before implementation of a flood-control project proposed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The creeks had similar water-quality characteristics. Data indicate that ground water may be the primary source of dissolved solids, sulfate, chloride, and chromium in the creeks. The pesticides alachlor, atrazine, simazine, and 2,4-D were found in water samples from both creeks but were well below the lethal concentrations for fish. Courthouse Lake, a 57-foot-deep stream-trout lake, had a mean summer trophic-state index of 35. Phytoplankton populations varied seasonally, and blue-green algae were predominant only in late summer. The algal-pollution index was highest in late summer, but did not provide evidence of high organic pollution. The apparently successful recovery of Courthouse Lake from past inundations by Minnesota River floodwaters having total phosphorus concentrations as high as 0.66 milligram per liter suggests that the lake, in time, will also recover from the added runoff expected as a result of implementing the flood-control project. The runoff could temporarily raise the total phosphorus concentration in the lake from 0.03 to 0.12 milligram per liter and raise the spring trophic-state index from 49 to 69.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri8183","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Tornes, L., 1981, Quality of surface water before implementation of a flood-control project in Chaska, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-83, iv, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8183.","productDescription":"iv, 53 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science 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H.","contributorId":103675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tornes","given":"L. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29643,"text":"wri8156 - 1981 - Hydrologic reconnaissance of the Beluga, Peters Creek, and Healy coal areas, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-13T20:05:54.714199","indexId":"wri8156","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-56","title":"Hydrologic reconnaissance of the Beluga, Peters Creek, and Healy coal areas, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>The Beluga, Peters Creek, and Healy coal areas in Alaska were studied during 1975-78, with major emphasis on surface-water hydrology and water quality.</p><p>In the Beluga coal area, mean annual discharge is estimated to range from 2.2 to 3.4 cubic feet per second per square mile of drainage area. The 7-day low flow having a 10-year recurrence interval is estimated to be 0.3 to 0.6 cubic feet per second per square mile. The dilute surface waters are a calcium bicarbonate type, have low concentrations of nutrients, and at times may contain dissolved iron and manganese in concentrations in excess of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency recommended limits. The pooled diversity index of the benthic invertebrate community ranges from 2.93 to 4.06. No ground-water wells have been drilled in the potential mining areas.</p><p>Water quality of streams in the Peters Creek coal area is similar to that of streams in the Beluga coal area. No attempt is made to define streamflow characteristics in the Peters Creek coal area due to poor correlations with nearby gaging stations.</p><p>In the Healy coal area, streamflow characteristics of the two major basins studied are dissimilar. Lignite Creek is estimated to have less yield than Healy Creek. Studied tributaries of Healy and Lignite Creeks have a dissolved-solids range of 111 to 636 milligrams per liter and have calcium and bicarbonate or magnesium and bicarbonate as principal ions. Iron and manganese concentrations are high at some times of the year. The concentrations of sodium and chloride increase significantly in the lower reaches of Lignite Creek.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri8156","usgsCitation":"Scully, D.R., Krumhardt, A.P., and Kernodle, D.R., 1981, Hydrologic reconnaissance of the Beluga, Peters Creek, and Healy coal areas, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-56, vii, 71 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8156.","productDescription":"vii, 71 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159470,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0056/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":358928,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0056/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":466149,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35486.htm","text":"Peters Creek coal area","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":466148,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35485.htm","text":"Healy coal area","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":466147,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35484.htm","text":"Beluga coal area","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -152.80508953650605,\n              60.01259346977375\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.87706142645527,\n              61.22294263980572\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.624,\n              63.95\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.684840992122,\n              63.95\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.89344891352246,\n              60.32153890224393\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.80508953650605,\n              60.01259346977375\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db60561d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scully, David R.","contributorId":6857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scully","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krumhardt, Andrea P.","contributorId":71946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krumhardt","given":"Andrea","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kernodle, Donald R.","contributorId":63003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kernodle","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":30530,"text":"wri81645 - 1981 - Ground-water resources of the Soledad Canyon re-entrant and adjacent areas, White Sands Missile Range and Fort Bliss Military Reservation, Dona Ana County, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-30T12:38:19","indexId":"wri81645","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-645","title":"Ground-water resources of the Soledad Canyon re-entrant and adjacent areas, White Sands Missile Range and Fort Bliss Military Reservation, Dona Ana County, New Mexico","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri81645","usgsCitation":"Wilson, C., and Myers, R.G., 1981, Ground-water resources of the Soledad Canyon re-entrant and adjacent areas, White Sands Missile Range and Fort Bliss Military Reservation, Dona Ana County, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-645, Report: iv, 22 p.; 4 Plates: 20.95 x 20.90 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri81645.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 22 p.; 4 Plates: 20.95 x 20.90 inches or 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G.","contributorId":30642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myers","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30553,"text":"wri8113 - 1981 - An observation-well network concept as applied to North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-08T15:51:38","indexId":"wri8113","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-13","title":"An observation-well network concept as applied to North Carolina","docAbstract":"<p>A statewide observation-well program is proposed for North Carolina based on four networks of observation wells with different but clearly-defined objectives. These are referred to as the (1) climatic-effects network, (2) terrane-effects network, (3) local-effects network, and (4) areal-effects network. </p><p>The characteristics of each network are related to natural and manmade stresses in aquifers, and the areas and hydrogeologic units in North Carolina where these networks are needed are identified. </p><p>Formats for collection, processing, and publication of data from these networks are suggested.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri8113","usgsCitation":"Winner, M.D., 1981, An observation-well network concept as applied to North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-13, vi, 59 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8113.","productDescription":"vi, 59 p.","numberOfPages":"68","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science 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,{"id":29976,"text":"wri8133 - 1981 - Water type and suitability of Oklahoma surface waters for public supply and irrigation; Part I, Arkansas river mainstem and Verdigris, Neosho, and Illinois river basins through 1978","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-08T15:54:31","indexId":"wri8133","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-33","title":"Water type and suitability of Oklahoma surface waters for public supply and irrigation; Part I, Arkansas river mainstem and Verdigris, Neosho, and Illinois river basins through 1978","docAbstract":"<p>Water-quality data in the Arkansas River mainstem and the Verdigris, Neosho, and Illnois River basins are examined for water type and suitability for public water supply and for irrigation use. The classification of water type is based on the relation of the major ions -- calcium, magnesium, sodium, bicarbonate/carbonate, sulfate, and chloride -- to each other within the range of measured specific conductance. The evaluation of suitability for use as a public supply is based on the concentration levels and distribution of selected constituents. The Wilcox irrigation classification scheme is used to relate sodium concentrations and the salinity distribution to the use of the water for irrigation. The possibility of boron phytotoxic effects is discussed where data are available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri8133","usgsCitation":"Stoner, J.D., 1981, Water type and suitability of Oklahoma surface waters for public supply and irrigation; Part I, Arkansas river mainstem and Verdigris, Neosho, and Illinois river basins through 1978: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-33, v, 297 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8133.","productDescription":"v, 297 p.","numberOfPages":"309","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":359353,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0033/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160164,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0033/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -98,\n              34.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.4384765625,\n              34.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.4384765625,\n              37\n            ],\n            [\n              -98,\n              37\n            ],\n            [\n              -98,\n              34.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48d1e4b07f02db547639","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stoner, Jerry D.","contributorId":38611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoner","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29838,"text":"wri8126 - 1981 - Chemical quality of ground water in San Joaquin and part of Contra Costa Counties, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-25T09:31:07","indexId":"wri8126","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-26","title":"Chemical quality of ground water in San Joaquin and part of Contra Costa Counties, California","docAbstract":"Chemical water-quality conditions were investigated in San Joaquin and part of Contra Costa Counties by canvassing available wells and sampling water from 324 representative wells. Chemical water types varied, with 73 percent of the wells sampled containing either calcium-magnesium bicarbonate, or calcium-sodium bicarbonate type water. Substantial areas contain ground water exceeding water-quality standards for boron, manganese, and nitrate. Trace elements, with the exception of boron and manganese, were present in negligible amounts. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri8126","usgsCitation":"Sorenson, S.K., 1981, Chemical quality of ground water in San Joaquin and part of Contra Costa Counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-26, iv, 32 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8126.","productDescription":"iv, 32 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":372609,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0026/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159559,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":" https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0026/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Contra Costa County, San Joaquin County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.5,37.6175 ], [ -122.5,38.1175 ], [ -121.5,38.1175 ], [ -121.5,37.6175 ], [ -122.5,37.6175 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dfe4b07f02db5e37a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sorenson, Stephen K.","contributorId":90314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorenson","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29704,"text":"wri8132 - 1981 - Streamflow characteristics of the Hudson Bay and Upper Missouri River Basins, Montana, through 1979","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-04T18:17:07.269475","indexId":"wri8132","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-32","title":"Streamflow characteristics of the Hudson Bay and Upper Missouri River Basins, Montana, through 1979","docAbstract":"<p><span>Statistical summaries of streamflow data for selected gaging stations </span><span>are presented in this report to aid in appraising the hydrology of the Hud</span><span>son Bay and upper Missouri River basins in Montana. Streamflow records are </span><span>presented for 122 gaging stations for the period of record of each station. </span><span>Streamflow-record collection in the Missouri River basin began in 1890 at </span><span>Fort Benton, Montana. </span></p><p><span>For each streamflow-gaging station selected for this report, a brief description is given for station location, drainage area, period of record, revisions of previously published records, type and history of gages, regulation and diversions, average discharge, and extremes of discharge. These data are followed by tables of monthly and annual mean discharge, flood-frequency data, low-flow and high-flow frequency data, and flow-duration information. </span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri8132","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Montana Department of Natural Resources and Conservation","usgsCitation":"Shields, R.R., and White, M.K., 1981, Streamflow characteristics of the Hudson Bay and Upper Missouri River Basins, Montana, through 1979: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-32, iii, 144 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8132.","productDescription":"iii, 144 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":380163,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0032/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159518,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0032/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":\"29\",\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Montana\",\"nation\":\"USA  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Ronald R.","contributorId":64655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shields","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, Melvin K. mwhite@usgs.gov","contributorId":1563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Melvin","email":"mwhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":201978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29944,"text":"wri815 - 1981 - Extraction and analysis of adenosine triphosphate from aquatic environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T09:04:40","indexId":"wri815","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-5","title":"Extraction and analysis of adenosine triphosphate from aquatic environments","docAbstract":"<p>A variety of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) extraction procedures have been investigated for their applicability to samples from aquatic environments. The cold sulfuric-oxalic acid procedure was best suited to samples consisting of water, periphyton, and sediments. Due to cation and fulvic acid interferences, a spike with a known quantity of ATP was necessary to estimate losses when sediments were extracted. Variable colonization densities for periphyton required that several replicates be extracted to characterize acdurately the periphyton community. Extracted samples were stable at room temperature for one to five hours, depending on the ATP concentration, if the pH was below 2. Neutralized samples which were quick frozen and stored at -30°C were stable for months.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri815","usgsCitation":"Stephens, D.W., and Shultz, D.J., 1981, Extraction and analysis of adenosine triphosphate from aquatic environments: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-5, iv, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri815.","productDescription":"iv, 28 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159489,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0005/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":359405,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0005/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5faff4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stephens, Doyle W.","contributorId":40195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"Doyle","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shultz, David J.","contributorId":35324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shultz","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30235,"text":"wri80108 - 1981 - Relationship of water quality of Hudson River, New York, during peak discharges to geologic characteristics of contributing subbasins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-28T07:56:24","indexId":"wri80108","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-108","title":"Relationship of water quality of Hudson River, New York, during peak discharges to geologic characteristics of contributing subbasins","docAbstract":"Water samples from two Hudson River floods in 1977--one originating mainly in shale subbasins that produce high sediment loads, the other in soil-poor, crystalline rock terrane that yields little sediment--were analyzed to evaluate the relationship of iron, manganese, lead, phosphorus, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) to suspended-sediment concentration. During the flood of high sediment discharge, ratios for all substances studied except PCB 's reflected their concentration within the basin regolith. During the flood of smaller magnitude, from the low-sediment crystalline terrane, however, only the ratio for iron correlated with predicted concentrations in the basin, which suggests that the chemical constituents studied were contributed principally from other sources, possibly anthropogenic sources. High lead concentrations in the low-sediment flood were derived from an unidentified, basinwide source whose contribution was relatively insignificant during the flood from the shale area. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division,","doi":"10.3133/wri80108","usgsCitation":"Turk, J.T., and Troutman, D.E., 1981, Relationship of water quality of Hudson River, New York, during peak discharges to geologic characteristics of contributing subbasins: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 80-108, iv, 15 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri80108.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159521,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268525,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/0108/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c0d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Turk, John T.","contributorId":53363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turk","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Troutman, David E.","contributorId":50133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troutman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29724,"text":"wri8166 - 1981 - Effect of snowmelt on the quality of Filson Creek and Omaday Lake, northeastern Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-15T19:52:48.805066","indexId":"wri8166","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-66","title":"Effect of snowmelt on the quality of Filson Creek and Omaday Lake, northeastern Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>Concentrations of major constituents were determined in the surface water, ground water, and precipitation in Filson Creek watershed to evaluate the effects of acid precipitation on surface-water quality during snowmelt. Concentrations of sulfate increased in Filson Creek and Omaday Lake during snowmelt from less than 2 to 12 milligrams per liter in 1977 and from less than 2 to 4 milligrams per liter in 1979. Hydrogen-ion activity increased from 10<sup>-6.5</sup> to 10<sup>-5.0</sup> during snowmelt in 1977 and from 10<sup>-6.5</sup> to 10<sup>-6.0</sup> in 1979. The magnitude of the increases of sulfate and hydrogen-ion concentrations depend on the (1) timing of the snowmelt, (2) concurrent precipitation, and (3) antecedent soil-moisture conditions. Alkalinity and concentrations of total calcium, magnesium, and sodium in the creek during snowmelt reflect the simple dilution of streamflow with more dilute precipitation. The mixing process is defined by hyperbolic curves of concentration versus discharge and can be modeled by use of a mass-balance equation. Concentrations of silica and total potassium in the creek during snowmelt are less than that at base flow because of dilution and uptake by diatoms and plants, respectively.</p><p>A quality-assurance study was made to determine the accuracy and precision of the turbidimetric, complexometric (methylthymol blue), and ion-chromatographic methods used to determine concentrations of sulfate in water. Results suggest that the ion-chromatographic method is more accurate and more precise in the detection of sulfate at concentrations of 5 milligrams per liter or less. To obtain accuracy with either the turbidimetric or the complexometric methylthymol blue method, color blanks and turbidity should be determined if concentrations of sulfate are expected to be low, such as in precipitation, or where water is colored by organic material. Interference by color and turbidity is not a factor in the ion-chromatographic method.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri8166","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Siegel, D., Anderson, L.E., and Rogalla, J.A., 1981, Effect of snowmelt on the quality of Filson Creek and Omaday Lake, northeastern Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-66, v, 81 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8166.","productDescription":"v, 81 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395981,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35495.htm"},{"id":394313,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0066/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159939,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0066/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Filson Creek, Omaday Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.669921875,\n              47.80427725415423\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.62254333496094,\n              47.80427725415423\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.62254333496094,\n              47.831134971598395\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.669921875,\n              47.831134971598395\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.669921875,\n              47.80427725415423\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625597","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Siegel, Donald I.","contributorId":97499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siegel","given":"Donald I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, L. E.","contributorId":69412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rogalla, J. A.","contributorId":13860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogalla","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":30234,"text":"wri819 - 1981 - Polychlorinated biphenyl transport in the Hudson River, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-28T08:00:36","indexId":"wri819","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-9","title":"Polychlorinated biphenyl transport in the Hudson River, New York","docAbstract":"Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) have been entering the Hudson River estuary since 1951. Concentration and loading of PCB 's in the river below Waterford, N.Y., are controlled at present by resuspension of sediments containing these substances; therefore , until the amount of PCB 's in the sediments is significantly lowered, reduction of point-source PCB discharge from the present rate of 0.4 kilograms per day will produce no more than a 10% reduction in loading to the river. Potential concentrations of PCB 's in solution and suspension in the river can be predicted by a simple model for mixing and dilution. From a known range of PCB influent rates, total PCB loading to the Hudson River from above Waterford is shown to be between 2,000 and 12,000 kilograms per year. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, WRD,","doi":"10.3133/wri819","usgsCitation":"Turk, J.T., and Troutman, D.E., 1981, Polychlorinated biphenyl transport in the Hudson River, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-9, iv, 11 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri819.","productDescription":"iv, 11 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159520,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268534,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0009/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db683108","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Turk, John T.","contributorId":53363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turk","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Troutman, David E.","contributorId":50133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troutman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30571,"text":"wri814 - 1981 - Hydrogeology of the Buffalo aquifer, Clay and Wilkin Counties, West-Central Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T12:14:35","indexId":"wri814","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-4","title":"Hydrogeology of the Buffalo aquifer, Clay and Wilkin Counties, West-Central Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>The Buffalo aquifer is the principal source of ground-water supplies in the Moorhead, Minnesota area. The aquifer is an elongate deposit of sand and gravel, which locally contains water under confined conditions. Although the Buffalo aquifer contains about 270 billion gallons of water in storage, only 120 billion gallons could be withdrawn. Largest well yields occur along the deep trough in the center of the aquifer. Induced streambed infiltration may be possible in certain areas where the stream overlies the aquifer and where the intervening lake sediments are thin or absent. A numerical model constructed for aquifer evaluation has shown that a considerable amount of ground water is discharged through the confining bed to the stream or leaves the area as underflow to the west. Water from the Buffalo aquifer generally is very hard and of the calcium bicarbonate type. The average discharge of the Buffalo River for the base period 1946-78 ranges from 0.229 cubic foot per second per square mile near Hawley to 0.108 cubic foot per second per square mile at Sabin. Surface water in the Buffalo River drainage system is dominantly a calcium bicarbonate type similar to ground water of the area, especially at low flow in the upper reaches of the tributaries.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri814","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Clay and Wilkin Counties, Cities of Moorhead and Sabin","usgsCitation":"Wolf, R.J., 1981, Hydrogeology of the Buffalo aquifer, Clay and Wilkin Counties, West-Central Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-4, vi, 83 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri814.","productDescription":"vi, 83 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science 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J.","contributorId":21518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28862,"text":"wri8121 - 1981 - Hydrologic reconnaissance near Fourth of July Creek, Seward, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:51","indexId":"wri8121","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-21","title":"Hydrologic reconnaissance near Fourth of July Creek, Seward, Alaska","docAbstract":"The 1.3-square-mile alluvial fan of Fourth of July Creek, Seward , Alaska, is being developed as an industrial area and port. Fourth of July Creek is a glacier-fed stream that occupies a braided channel near the middle of the fan. The presence of glacial flow during the summer and low discharge during the winter make streamflow a poor source of water for municipal and industrial use. Water infiltrates the fan from streams and precipitation and recharges an unconfined alluvial aquifer. Average recharge is 40-50 cubic feet per second, and ground water flows toward the coast where it discharges in springs and a 0.3-mile gaining reach of the creek. Properties and concentrations of all measured chemical constituents of water samples from two wells were less than the maximum amounts recommended for drinking water. Both the aquifer and the overlying unsaturated materials are coarse grained. The coarse-grained materials are poor filters and make the aquifer susceptible to pollution by contaminants disposed of or spilled on the alluvial fan. Avalanches may block the creek and cause flooding by directing streamflow into new or abandoned channels. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri8121","usgsCitation":"Nelson, G.L., 1981, Hydrologic reconnaissance near Fourth of July Creek, Seward, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-21, iii, 10 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8121.","productDescription":"iii, 10 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159335,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db60647f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Gordon L.","contributorId":55443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":30374,"text":"wri811 - 1981 - Preimpoundment water quality in the Tioga River Basin, Pennsylvania and New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-08T11:22:30","indexId":"wri811","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-1","title":"Preimpoundment water quality in the Tioga River Basin, Pennsylvania and New York","docAbstract":"<p>The water quality in the Tioga River basin was studied from September 1973 to September 1978, prior to impoundment by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Results of the investigation will be used in the operation of three reservoirs that were in the final stages of construction in late 1979.</p>\n<p>Annual suspended-sediment yields for the basin averaged 575 tons per square mile. Mill Creek near Tioga and Cowanesque River upstream from Nelson were the smallest contributors. The suspended-sediment yields for some sites on the Tioga River and Crooked Creek were affected by reservoir construction.</p>\n<p>Acid-mine drainage in the headwaters of the Tioga River increased the levels of sulfate, trace elements, and specific conductance, and decreased alkalinity and pH. For most of the river's length, nutrient levels are generally low, but high enough to support biological activity.</p>\n<p>Tioga Lake will be acidic and probably stratify chemically and thermally. High concentrations of heavy metals will accumulate near the bottom of the lake where oxidation of these metals will produce dissolved oxygen levels significantly lower than those near the surface. Hammond and Cowanesque Lakes will be alkaline and thermally stratified. They will probably support a warm-water fishery.</p>\n<p>The addition of Hammond Lake water to the outflow from Tioga Lake will probably improve the water quality of the Tioga River below Tioga Dam. Releases from the multi-level withdrawal system will allow the water quality of the river to stabilize, and not be subject to the extreme low-flow conditions that have historically damaged aquatic life.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Harrisburg, PA","doi":"10.3133/wri811","usgsCitation":"Ward, J.R., 1981, Preimpoundment water quality in the Tioga River Basin, Pennsylvania and New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-1, v, 142 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri811.","productDescription":"v, 142 p.","numberOfPages":"151","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159695,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri811.jpg"},{"id":324116,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0001/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York, Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Tioga River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77.54837036132812,\n              42.06968462804663\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.6348876953125,\n              41.987056629602854\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.61016845703125,\n              41.91556321720713\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.46322631835938,\n              41.840920397579936\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.29843139648438,\n              41.80510182643331\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.18856811523438,\n              41.73237975329554\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.1295166015625,\n              41.66983439613616\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.04849243164062,\n              41.632893839650656\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.88644409179688,\n              41.678040531771785\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.91940307617188,\n              41.919650715116326\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.04711914062499,\n              42.00338672135348\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.09381103515624,\n              42.019712622928495\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.54837036132812,\n              42.06968462804663\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a373","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ward, Janice R.","contributorId":79930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"Janice","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29614,"text":"wri8147 - 1981 - Survey of selected organic compounds in aquifers of New York State excluding Long Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:03","indexId":"wri8147","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-47","title":"Survey of selected organic compounds in aquifers of New York State excluding Long Island","docAbstract":"Samples from 56 wells at 49 sites in New York State, excluding Long Island, were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for the presence of organic compounds designated ' priority pollutants ' by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Most samples were taken from public-supply wells tapping shallow, permeable aquifers, the most susceptible to contamination. Analytical sensitivity reported by the laboratory for most compounds was less than 1 microgram per liter, but contamination during collection, shipping, or laboratory processing required that concentrations be about 10 micrograms per liter before the presence of a compound could be confirmed. Only a small percentage of wells sampled in this study was found to be contaminated. Where contamination is present, it probably results from point sources such as landfills or dumps rather than from general sources such as atmospheric deposition or proximity to urban centers. Two sites, Brewster in Putnam County and Olean in Cattaraugus County, showed clear evidence of contamination. Two other sites, Corning in Steuben County and Fulton in Oswego County, showed evidence of possible contamination. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division,","doi":"10.3133/wri8147","usgsCitation":"Schroeder, R.A., and Snavely, D.S., 1981, Survey of selected organic compounds in aquifers of New York State excluding Long Island: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-47, iv, 60 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8147.","productDescription":"iv, 60 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160232,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0047/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58438,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0047/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db6887ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schroeder, Roy A. raschroe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroeder","given":"Roy","email":"raschroe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":201817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Snavely, Deborah S.","contributorId":64267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snavely","given":"Deborah","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29214,"text":"wri80114 - 1981 - Use of flow-duration curves to evaluate effects of urbanization on streamflow patterns on Long Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-28T07:55:26","indexId":"wri80114","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-114","title":"Use of flow-duration curves to evaluate effects of urbanization on streamflow patterns on Long Island, New York","docAbstract":"Streamflow patterns on Long Island, N.Y., have been changing over the last three decades in response to eastward population growth and urbanization. Flow-duration curves for nine streams in Nassau and Suffolk Counties indicate that, during this time, streams in urbanized areas have had increased peak flows and decreased base flows, whereas streams in sparsely populated areas have shown little or no change. The increase in peak flows reflects the greater volume of storm runoff from impermeable surfaces such as roads, parking lots, and roofs. The decrease in base flows results from the lowering of groundwater levels, principally by sanitary sewerage and extensive pumping for public water supply. At East Meadow Brook, in a sewered, densely populated area of Nassau County, peak flows (1-percent duration) increased by 41% during 1946-74, and base flows (98-percent duration) decreased by 99%. In contrast, peak and base flows of Carmans River, in a largely undisturbed, rural area of Suffolk County, showed fluctuations no greater than 19% during the same period. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division,","doi":"10.3133/wri80114","usgsCitation":"Prince, K.R., 1981, Use of flow-duration curves to evaluate effects of urbanization on streamflow patterns on Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 80-114, iv, 19 p. :ill., map ;29 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri80114.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p. :ill., map ;29 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159109,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268523,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/0114/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685a05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prince, Keith R. krprince@usgs.gov","contributorId":1413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prince","given":"Keith","email":"krprince@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":201158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28785,"text":"wri816 - 1981 - Assessment of the Santa Margarita Sandstone as a source of drinking water for the Scotts Valley area, Santa Cruz County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:48","indexId":"wri816","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-6","title":"Assessment of the Santa Margarita Sandstone as a source of drinking water for the Scotts Valley area, Santa Cruz County, California","docAbstract":"Scotts Valley, Calif., is a rural residential area with a rapidly expanding population. Its mediterranean-type climate yields an average annual rainfall of 40 inches. The Santa Margarita Sandstone is the principal aquifer in the area, supplying about 90 percent of all water for domestic purposes. Sources of recharge for the Santa Margarita Sandstone are natural recharge, subsurface inflow from adjacent areas, artificial recharge, and deep penetration of excess irrigation water. Total domestic water use in 1979 was about 2,600 acre-feet. The quantity of ground water pumped for domestic use is expected to increase at a rate of 7 percent per year. Evapotranspiration, estimated to be about 29 inches per year, is the largest form of ground-water discharge. Ground water from the Santa Margarita Sandstone is generally suitable for domestic use. Potential for water-quality degradation exists from urban runoff, leachates from a solid-waste disposal site, and liquid wastes. Several agencies and individuals monitor surface-water and ground-water quality in the Scotts Valley area. Water from streams and the city of Santa Cruz are potential alternate sources of drinking water for the Scotts Valley area. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division,","doi":"10.3133/wri816","usgsCitation":"Muir, K.S., 1981, Assessment of the Santa Margarita Sandstone as a source of drinking water for the Scotts Valley area, Santa Cruz County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-6, iv, 22 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri816.","productDescription":"iv, 22 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159107,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66d32e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muir, K. S.","contributorId":53764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muir","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29048,"text":"wri8134 - 1981 - Potential effects of urbanization on peak flows in Rattlesnake Creek, Missoula County, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-05T11:49:30","indexId":"wri8134","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-34","title":"Potential effects of urbanization on peak flows in Rattlesnake Creek, Missoula County, Montana","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri8134","usgsCitation":"Parrett, C., 1981, Potential effects of urbanization on peak flows in Rattlesnake Creek, Missoula County, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-34, iv, 18 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8134.","productDescription":"iv, 18 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":366262,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0034/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159236,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0034/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","county":"Missoula County","otherGeospatial":"Rattlesnake Creek","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683888","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parrett, Charles","contributorId":9635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrett","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29725,"text":"wri8124 - 1981 - Hydrogeologic setting of the Glacial Lake Agassiz Peatlands, northern Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T10:35:56","indexId":"wri8124","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-24","title":"Hydrogeologic setting of the Glacial Lake Agassiz Peatlands, northern Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>Seven test holes drilled in the Glacial Lake Agassiz Peatlands indicate that the thickness of surficial materials along a north-south traverse parallel to Minnesota Highway 72 ranges from 163 feet near Blackduck, Minnesota to 57 feet about 3 miles south of Upper Red Lake. Lenses of sand and gravel occur immediately above bedrock on the Itasca moraine and are interbedded with lake clay and till under the peatlands. Vertical head gradients measured in a piezometer nest near Blackduck on the moraine are downward, indicative of recharge to the regional ground-water-flow system. Vertical head gradients are upward in a piezometer nest on a sand beach ridge in the peatlands 12 miles north of Upper Red Lake. Numerical sectional models indicate that this discharge probably comes from local flow systems recharged from ground-water mounds located under large raised bogs.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri8124","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Division of Minerals","usgsCitation":"Siegel, D., 1981, Hydrogeologic setting of the Glacial Lake Agassiz Peatlands, northern Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-24, iii, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8124.","productDescription":"iii, 30 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":95779,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0024/report.pdf","size":"2564","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159940,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0024/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Glacial Lake Agassiz Peatlands","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db6278c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Siegel, Donald I.","contributorId":97499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siegel","given":"Donald I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":30025,"text":"wri8144 - 1981 - Erodibility of selected soils and estimates of sediment yields in the San Juan Basin, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-05T11:51:47","indexId":"wri8144","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-44","title":"Erodibility of selected soils and estimates of sediment yields in the San Juan Basin, New Mexico","docAbstract":"Onsite rainfall-simulation experiments were conducted to derive field-erodibility indexes for rangeland soils and soils disturbed by mining in coal fields of northwestern New Mexico. Mean indexes on rangeland soils range from 0 grams (of detached soil) on dune soil to 121 grams on wash-transport zones. Mean field-erodibility-index values of soils disturbed by mining range from 16 to 32 grams; they can be extrapolted to nearby coal fields where future mining is expected. Because field-erodibility-index data allow differentiation of erodibilities across a variable landscape, these indexes were used to adjust values of K, the erodibility factor of the Universal Soil Loss Equation. Estimates of soil loss and sediment yield were then calculated for a small basin following mining. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri8144","usgsCitation":"Summer, R.M., 1981, Erodibility of selected soils and estimates of sediment yields in the San Juan Basin, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-44, v, 33 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8144.","productDescription":"v, 33 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":366264,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0044/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160083,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0044/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"San Juan Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -107.26638793945312,\n              36.771892444961026\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.20733642578125,\n              36.771892444961026\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.20733642578125,\n              36.82357691815722\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.26638793945312,\n              36.82357691815722\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.26638793945312,\n              36.771892444961026\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fe05d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Summer, Rebecca M.","contributorId":21592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Summer","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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