{"pageNumber":"2168","pageRowStart":"54175","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":81037,"text":"ofr20071302 - 2008 - Methods for Monitoring Fish Communities of Buffalo National River and Ozark National Scenic Riverways in the Ozark Plateaus of Arkansas and Missouri: Version 1.0","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:45","indexId":"ofr20071302","displayToPublicDate":"2008-03-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1302","title":"Methods for Monitoring Fish Communities of Buffalo National River and Ozark National Scenic Riverways in the Ozark Plateaus of Arkansas and Missouri: Version 1.0","docAbstract":"Buffalo National River located in north-central Arkansas, and Ozark National Scenic Riverways, located in southeastern Missouri, are the two largest units of the National Park Service in the Ozark Plateaus physiographic province. The purpose of this report is to provide a protocol that will be used by the National Park Service to sample fish communities and collect related water-quality, habitat, and stream discharge data of Buffalo National River and Ozark National Scenic Riverways to meet inventory and long-term monitoring objectives.\r\n\r\nThe protocol includes (1) a protocol narrative, (2) several standard operating procedures, and (3) supplemental information helpful for implementation of the protocol. The protocol narrative provides background information about the protocol such as the rationale of why a particular resource or resource issue was selected for monitoring, information concerning the resource or resource issue of interest, a description of how monitoring results will inform management decisions, and a discussion of the linkages between this and other monitoring projects. The standard operating procedures cover preparation, training, reach selection, water-quality sampling, fish community sampling, physical habitat collection, measuring stream discharge, equipment maintenance and storage, data management and analysis, reporting, and protocol revision procedures. Much of the information in the standard operating procedures was gathered from existing protocols of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment program or other sources. Supplemental information that would be helpful for implementing the protocol is included. This information includes information on fish species known or suspected to occur in the parks, sample sites, sample design, fish species traits, index of biotic integrity metrics, sampling equipment, and field forms.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071302","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Petersen, J., Justus, B., Dodd, H., Bowles, D., Morrison, L., Williams, M., and Rowell, G., 2008, Methods for Monitoring Fish Communities of Buffalo National River and Ozark National Scenic Riverways in the Ozark Plateaus of Arkansas and Missouri: Version 1.0 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1302, vii, 94 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071302.","productDescription":"vii, 94 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195701,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10900,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1302/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95,35 ], [ -95,39 ], [ -90,39 ], [ -90,35 ], [ -95,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a113","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, James C. petersen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"James C.","email":"petersen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":294185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Justus, B. G.","contributorId":49825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Justus","given":"B. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dodd, H.R.","contributorId":10507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodd","given":"H.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bowles, D.E.","contributorId":95971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowles","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Morrison, L.W.","contributorId":39482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrison","given":"L.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Williams, M.H.","contributorId":90842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rowell, G.A.","contributorId":16528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowell","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":81038,"text":"sir20075157 - 2008 - Methods for and estimates of 2003 and projected water use in the Seacoast Region, Southeastern New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:26","indexId":"sir20075157","displayToPublicDate":"2008-03-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5157","title":"Methods for and estimates of 2003 and projected water use in the Seacoast Region, Southeastern New Hampshire","docAbstract":"New methods were developed to estimate water use in 2003 and future water demand in 2017 and 2025 in the Seacoast region in southeastern New Hampshire, which has experienced a 37-percent population increase during 1980 to 2000. Water-use activities for which estimates were developed include water withdrawal, delivery, demand, consumptive use, release, return flow, and transfer by registered and aggregated unregistered (less than 20,000 gallons per day (gal/d)) users at the census-block and town scales.\r\n\r\nEstimates of water use rely on understanding what influences water demand and its associated consumptive use, because changes in demand and consumptive use affect withdrawal and return flow. Domestic water demand was estimated using a per capita water demand model that related metered deliveries to domestic users with census block and block-group data. The model was used to predict annual, summer, and winter per capita water-demand coefficients for each census block. Significant predictors of domestic water demand include population per housing unit, median value of owner-occupied single family homes, median year of housing construction (with 1900 as the base value), population density, housing unit density, and proportion of housing units that are in urban areas. Mean annual domestic per capita water-demand coefficient in the Seacoast region was 75 gal/d; the coefficient increased to 91 gal/d during the summer and decreased to 65 gal/d during the winter. Domestic consumptive use was estimated as the difference between annual and winter domestic water demand. Estimates of commercial and industrial water demand were based on coefficients derived from reported use and metered deliveries. Projections of water demand in 2017 and 2025 were determined by using the housing and employee projections for those years developed through a Transportation Demand Model and applying current domestic and non-domestic coefficients.\r\n\r\nWater demand in 2003 was estimated as 25.8 million gallons per day (Mgal/d), 35 percent of which was during the summer months of June, July, and August. Domestic water demand was 18.6 Mgal/d (72 percent), commercial water demand was 3.7 Mgal/d (14 percent), industrial water demand was 2.9 Mgal/d (11 percent), irrigation water demand was 0.3 Mgal/d (1 percent), and mining and aquaculture water demand was 0.2 Mgal/d (1 percent). Domestic consumptive use for the Seacoast region was 16 percent of domestic water demand, which translates to a loss of 3 Mgal/d over the entire Seacoast region.\r\n\r\nIn 2003, water withdrawal was 771.2 Mgal/d, of which 742.2 Mgal/d was instream use for hydroelectric power generation and thermoelectric power cooling. The remaining 29.0 Mgal/d was withdrawn by community water systems (22.6 Mgal/d; 72 percent), domestic users (6.4 Mgal/d; 21 percent), commercial users (1.0 Mgal/d; 3 percent), industrial users (1.0 Mgal/d; 3 percent), irrigation (0.2 Mgal/d; 1 percent) and other users (less than 0.1 Mgal/d).\r\n\r\nReturn flow for 2003 was 772.2 Mgal/d, of which 742.0 Mgal/d was returned following use for hydroelectric power generation and thermoelectric plant cooling. The remaining 30.2 Mgal/d was returned by community wastewater systems (20.2 Mgal/d; 68 percent), domestic users (7.8 Mgal/d; 26 percent), commercial users (1.2 Mgal/d; 3 percent), industrial users (0.8 Mgal/d; 3 percent), and other users (0.1 Mgal/d).\r\n\r\nDomestic water demand is projected to increase by 54 percent to 28.7 Mgal/d from 2003 to 2025 based on projection of future population growth. Non-domestic (commercial, industrial, irrigation, and mining) water demand is projected to increase by 66 percent to 11.8 Mgal/d from 2003 to 2025.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20075157","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services","usgsCitation":"Horn, M.A., Moore, R.B., Hayes, L., and Flanagan, S., 2008, Methods for and estimates of 2003 and projected water use in the Seacoast Region, Southeastern New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5157, viii, 87 p., plus 2 appendixes on CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075157.","productDescription":"viii, 87 p., plus 2 appendixes on CD-ROM","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":468,"text":"New Hampshire-Vermont Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":10901,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5157/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195662,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.5,42.75 ], [ -71.5,43.75 ], [ -70.5,43.75 ], [ -70.5,42.75 ], [ -71.5,42.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a135","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horn, Marilee A. mhorn@usgs.gov","contributorId":2792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horn","given":"Marilee","email":"mhorn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, Richard B. rmoore@usgs.gov","contributorId":1464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Richard","email":"rmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hayes, Laura 0000-0002-4488-1343 lhayes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4488-1343","contributorId":2791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Laura","email":"lhayes@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Flanagan, Sarah M.","contributorId":8492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flanagan","given":"Sarah M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":81039,"text":"ofr20081113 - 2008 - Analysis of Pulsed Flow Modification Alternatives, Lower Missouri River, 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-13T11:11:54","indexId":"ofr20081113","displayToPublicDate":"2008-03-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1113","title":"Analysis of Pulsed Flow Modification Alternatives, Lower Missouri River, 2005","docAbstract":"The graphical, tabular, and statistical data presented in this report resulted from analysis of alternative flow regime designs considered by a group of Missouri River managers, stakeholders, and scientists during the summer of 2005. This plenary group was charged with designing a flow regime with increased spring flow pulses to support reproduction and survival of the endangered pallid sturgeon. Environmental flow components extracted from the reference natural flow regime were used to design and assess performance of alternative flow regimes. The analysis is based on modeled flow releases from Gavins Point Dam (near Yankton, South Dakota) for nine design alternatives and two reference scenarios; the reference scenarios are the run-of-the-river and the water-control plan implemented in 2004. The alternative designs were developed by the plenary group with the goal of providing pulsed spring flows, while retaining traditional social and economic uses of the river.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081113","usgsCitation":"Jacobson, R.B., 2008, Analysis of Pulsed Flow Modification Alternatives, Lower Missouri River, 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1113, vi, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081113.","productDescription":"vi, 15 p.","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194584,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20081113.jpg"},{"id":10902,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1113/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":329525,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1113/pdf/OFR-2008-1113.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115,35 ], [ -115,50 ], [ -90,50 ], [ -90,35 ], [ -115,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad0e4b07f02db680b14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jacobson, Robert B. 0000-0002-8368-2064 rjacobson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-2064","contributorId":1289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"Robert","email":"rjacobson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":81036,"text":"sir20085012 - 2008 - Quality of Shallow Ground Water in Three Areas of Unsewered Low-Density Development in Wyoming and Montana, 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:25","indexId":"sir20085012","displayToPublicDate":"2008-03-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5012","title":"Quality of Shallow Ground Water in Three Areas of Unsewered Low-Density Development in Wyoming and Montana, 2001","docAbstract":"The quality of shallow ground water underlying unsewered low-density development outside of Sheridan and Lander, Wyo., and Red Lodge, Mont., was evaluated. In 2001, 29 wells (10 each in Sheridan and Lander and 9 in Red Lodge) were installed at or near the water table and sampled for a wide variety of constituents to identify potential effects of human activities on shallow ground-water quality resulting from development on the land surface. All wells were completed in unconfined aquifers in unconsolidated deposits of Quaternary age with shallow water tables (less than 50 feet below land surface). Land use and land cover was mapped in detail within a 500-meter radius surrounding each well, and potential contaminant sources were inventoried within the radii to identify human activities that may affect shallow ground-water quality. This U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment ground-water study was conducted to examine the effects of unsewered low-density development that often surrounds cities and towns of many different sizes in the western United States?a type of development that often is informally referred to as ?exurban? or ?rural ranchette? development. This type of development has both urban and rural characteristics. Residents in these developments typically rely on a private ground-water well for domestic water supply and a private septic system for sanitary waste disposal.\r\n\r\nAlthough the quality of shallow ground water generally was suitable for domestic or other uses without treatment, some inorganic constituents were detected infrequently in ground water in the three study areas at concentrations larger than U.S. Environmental Protection Agency drinking-water standards or proposed standards. Natural factors such as geology, aquifer properties, and ground-water recharge rates likely influence most concentrations of these constituents. These inorganic constituents generally occur naturally in the study areas and were more likely to limit suitability of water for drinking or other intended uses rather than any constituents suspected of being introduced as a result of human activities.\r\n\r\nEffects of human activities associated with low-density development, such as septic systems; fertilizer and pesticide use on pastures, lawns and gardens; manure from horses, cattle, and pets; and increases in road construction and vehicular traffic, were minimal at the time of sampling (2001) but were apparent in the presence of a few types of constituents in shallow ground water. Concentrations of nitrate generally were less than a national background level (1.1 milligrams per liter) assumed to indicate effects from human activities. Total coliform bacteria were detected infrequently (in samples from three wells), and Escherichia coli were not detected in samples from a subset of wells. Trace concentrations of methylene blue active substances (ingredients in laundry detergents) were detected at concentrations slightly greater than laboratory reporting levels in samples from 11 wells, but it is unclear if the detections are indicative of natural sources or possible aquifer contamination from septic-tank effluent. Pesticides were detected in both the Sheridan and Lander, Wyo., study areas. Volatile organic compounds were detected very infrequently in all three study areas. Most pesticides and volatile organic compounds were found in water from a few wells in each study area, and commonly as mixtures. The primary exception to this generalization was the relatively widespread detection of the pesticide prometon at trace levels in the Sheridan and Lander study areas. Concentrations of pesticides and volatile organic compounds generally were small and always were smaller than applicable drinking-water standards. Detections of all constituents indicating possible human effects on shallow ground-water quality were consistent with overlying land use mapped during the study, and potential sources of contamination inventoried du","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20085012","collaboration":"Prepared as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Bartos, T.T., Quinn, T.L., Hallberg, L.L., and Eddy-Miller, C., 2008, Quality of Shallow Ground Water in Three Areas of Unsewered Low-Density Development in Wyoming and Montana, 2001 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5012, xii, 118 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085012.","productDescription":"xii, 118 p.","costCenters":[{"id":684,"text":"Wyoming Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195431,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10899,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5012/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.5,42 ], [ -111.5,48.5 ], [ -103,48.5 ], [ -103,42 ], [ -111.5,42 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db65512c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartos, Timothy T. 0000-0003-1803-4375 ttbartos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1803-4375","contributorId":1826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartos","given":"Timothy","email":"ttbartos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Quinn, Thomas L.","contributorId":88812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quinn","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hallberg, Laura L. 0000-0001-9983-8003 lhallber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9983-8003","contributorId":1825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hallberg","given":"Laura","email":"lhallber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eddy-Miller, Cheryl A.","contributorId":86755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eddy-Miller","given":"Cheryl A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70201204,"text":"70201204 - 2008 - Titan's rotation reveals an internal ocean and changing zonal winds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-05T17:03:27","indexId":"70201204","displayToPublicDate":"2008-03-21T17:01:47","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Titan's rotation reveals an internal ocean and changing zonal winds","docAbstract":"<p><span>Cassini radar observations of Saturn's moon Titan over several years show that its rotational period is changing and is different from its orbital period. The present-day rotation period difference from synchronous spin leads to a shift of ∼0.36° per year in apparent longitude and is consistent with seasonal exchange of angular momentum between the surface and Titan's dense superrotating atmosphere, but only if Titan's crust is decoupled from the core by an internal water ocean like that on Europa.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","doi":"10.1126/science.1151639","usgsCitation":"Lorenz, R.D., Stiles, B.W., Kirk, R.L., Allison, M., Persi del Marmo, P., Iess, L., Lunine, J.I., Ostro, S.J., and Hensley, S., 2008, Titan's rotation reveals an internal ocean and changing zonal winds: Science, v. 319, no. 5870, p. 1649-1651, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1151639.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"1649","endPage":"1651","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359964,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Titan","volume":"319","issue":"5870","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c08f1c8e4b0815414d0bc0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lorenz, Ralph D.","contributorId":56360,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lorenz","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stiles, Bryan W.","contributorId":68871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stiles","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kirk, Randolph L. 0000-0003-0842-9226 rkirk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-9226","contributorId":2765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"Randolph","email":"rkirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":753208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Allison, Michael D.","contributorId":211101,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allison","given":"Michael D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Persi del Marmo, Paolo","contributorId":211102,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Persi del Marmo","given":"Paolo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Iess, Luciano","contributorId":211103,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Iess","given":"Luciano","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lunine, Jonathan I.","contributorId":82447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lunine","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ostro, Steven J.","contributorId":211104,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ostro","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7023,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":753213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hensley, Scott","contributorId":85313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hensley","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":81026,"text":"sir20075152 - 2008 - Geomorphic characterization of the Middle Fork Saline River: Garland, Perry, and Saline Counties, Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-11T19:14:34.700888","indexId":"sir20075152","displayToPublicDate":"2008-03-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5152","title":"Geomorphic characterization of the Middle Fork Saline River: Garland, Perry, and Saline Counties, Arkansas","docAbstract":"This report was prepared to help address concerns raised by local residents, State, and Federal agencies about the current geomorphic conditions of the Middle Fork Saline River. Over the past 30 years the Middle Fork Saline River Basin has experienced a marked increase in urbanization. The report summarizes the Middle Fork?s current (2003) channel characteristics at nine stream reaches in the upper 91 square miles of the basin. Assessments at each study reach included comparing measured stream geometry dimensions (cross-sectional area, top width, and mean depth) at bankfull stage to regional hydraulic geometry curves for the Ouachita Mountains Physiographic Province of Arkansas and Oklahoma, evaluations of streambed materials and sinuosity, and classification of individual stream reach types.\r\n\r\nWhen compared to the Ouachita Mountains? regional hydraulic geometry curves for natural, stable, stream reaches, five of the nine study reaches had slightly smaller crosssectional areas, longer top widths, and shallower depths. Streambed material analysis indicates that the Middle Fork is a bedrock influenced, gravel dominated stream with lesser amounts of sand and cobbles. Slight increases in sinuosity from 1992 to 2002 at seven of the nine study reaches indicate a slight decrease in stream channel slope. Analyses of the Middle Fork?s hydraulic geometry and sinuosity indicate that the Middle Fork is currently overly wide and shallow, but is slowly adjusting towards a deeper, narrower hydraulic geometry.\r\n\r\nUsing the Rosgen system of channel classification, the two upstream study reaches classified as B4c/1 stream types; which were moderately entrenched, riffle dominated channels, with infrequently spaced pools. The downstream seven study reaches classified as C4/1 stream types; which were slightly entrenched, meandering, gravel-dominated, riffle/ pool channels with well developed flood plains. Analyses of stream reach types suggest that the downstream reaches of the Middle Fork are more vulnerable to streambank failure than the upstream reaches of the stream.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20075152","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Arkansas Natural Resources Commission and the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Natural Resources Conservation Service-National Water Management Center","usgsCitation":"Pugh, A., Garday, T.J., and Redman, R., 2008, Geomorphic characterization of the Middle Fork Saline River: Garland, Perry, and Saline Counties, Arkansas (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5152, v, 65 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075152.","productDescription":"v, 65 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190851,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":415589,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_83405.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":10890,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5152/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","county":"Garland County, Perry County, Saline County","otherGeospatial":"Middle Fork Saline River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.1028,\n              34.6069\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.1028,\n              34.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.75,\n              34.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.75,\n              34.6069\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.1028,\n              34.6069\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c56b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pugh, Aaron L. apugh@usgs.gov","contributorId":2480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pugh","given":"Aaron L.","email":"apugh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garday, Thomas J.","contributorId":39874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garday","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Redman, Ronald","contributorId":89231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redman","given":"Ronald","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":81024,"text":"fs20083004 - 2008 - An Overview of the GIS Weasel","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:15","indexId":"fs20083004","displayToPublicDate":"2008-03-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-3004","title":"An Overview of the GIS Weasel","docAbstract":"This fact sheet provides a high-level description of the GIS Weasel, a software system designed to aid users in preparing spatial information as input to lumped and distributed parameter environmental simulation models (ESMs). The GIS Weasel provides geographic information system (GIS) tools to help create maps of geographic features relevant to the application of a user?s ESM and to generate parameters from those maps. The operation of the GIS Weasel does not require a user to be a GIS expert, only that a user has an understanding of the spatial information requirements of the model. The GIS Weasel software system provides a GIS-based graphical user interface (GUI), C programming language executables, and general utility scripts. The software will run on any computing platform where ArcInfo Workstation (version 8.1 or later) and the GRID extension are accessible. The user controls the GIS Weasel by interacting with menus, maps, and tables.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs20083004","usgsCitation":"Viger, R., 2008, An Overview of the GIS Weasel (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2008-3004, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20083004.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":397,"text":"Modeling of Watershed Systems Project","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125266,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2008_3004.jpg"},{"id":10888,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3004/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db68616f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Viger, Roland J.","contributorId":97528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Viger","given":"Roland J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":81030,"text":"sir20085027 - 2008 - Pesticide Occurrence and Distribution in the Lower Clackamas River Basin, Oregon, 2000-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:27","indexId":"sir20085027","displayToPublicDate":"2008-03-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5027","title":"Pesticide Occurrence and Distribution in the Lower Clackamas River Basin, Oregon, 2000-2005","docAbstract":"Pesticide occurrence and distribution in the lower Clackamas River basin was evaluated in 2000?2005, when 119 water samples were analyzed for a suite of 86?198 dissolved pesticides. Sampling included the lower-basin tributaries and the Clackamas River mainstem, along with paired samples of pre- and post-treatment drinking water (source and finished water) from one of four drinking water-treatment plants that draw water from the lower river. Most of the sampling in the tributaries occurred during storms, whereas most of the source and finished water samples from the study drinking-water treatment plant were obtained at regular intervals, and targeted one storm event in 2005.\r\n\r\nIn all, 63 pesticide compounds were detected, including 33 herbicides, 15 insecticides, 6 fungicides, and 9 pesticide degradation products. Atrazine and simazine were detected in about half of samples, and atrazine and one of its degradates (deethylatrazine) were detected together in 30 percent of samples. Other high-use herbicides such as glyphosate, triclopyr, 2,4-D, and metolachlor also were frequently detected, particularly in the lower-basin tributaries. Pesticides were detected in all eight of the lower-basin tributaries sampled, and were also frequently detected in the lower Clackamas River.\r\n\r\nAlthough pesticides were detected in all of the lower basin tributaries, the highest pesticide loads (amounts) were found in Deep and Rock Creeks. These medium-sized streams drain a mix of agricultural land (row crops and nurseries), pastureland, and rural residential areas. The highest pesticide loads were found in Rock Creek at 172nd Avenue and in two Deep Creek tributaries, North Fork Deep and Noyer Creeks, where 15?18 pesticides were detected. Pesticide yields (loads per unit area) were highest in Cow and Carli Creeks, two small streams that drain the highly urban and industrial northwestern part of the lower basin. Other sites having relatively high pesticide yields included middle Rock Creek and upper Noyer Creek, which drain basins having nurseries, pasture, and rural residential land.\r\n\r\nSome concentrations of insecticides (diazinon, chlorpyrifos, azinphos-methyl, and p,p?-DDE) exceeded U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) aquatic-life benchmarks in Carli, Sieben, Rock, Noyer, Doane, and North Fork Deep Creeks. One azinphos-methyl concentration in Doane Creek (0.21 micrograms per liter [?g/L]) exceeded Federal and State of Oregon benchmarks for the protection of fish and benthic invertebrates. Concentrations of several other pesticide compounds exceeded non-USEPA benchmarks.\r\n\r\nTwenty-six pesticides or degradates were detected in the Clackamas River mainstem, typically at much lower concentrations than those detected in the lower-basin tributaries. At least 1 pesticide was detected in 65 percent of 34 samples collected from the Clackamas River, with an average of 2?3 pesticides per sample. Pesticides were detected in 9 (or 60 percent) of the 15 finished water samples collected from the study water-treatment plant during 2003?2005. These included 10 herbicides, 1 insecticide, 1 fungicide, 1 insect repellent, and 2 pesticide degradates. The herbicides diuron and simazine were the most frequently detected (four times each during the study), at concentrations far below human-health benchmarks?USEPA Maximum Contaminant Levels or U.S. Geological Survey human Health-Based Screening Levels (HBSLs). The highest pesticide concentration in finished drinking water was 0.18 ?g/L of diuron, which was 11 times lower than its low HBSL benchmark. Although 0?2 pesticides were detected in most finished water samples, 9 and 6 pesticides were detected in 2 storm-associated samples from May and September 2005, respectively. Three of the unregulated compounds detected in finished drinking water (diazinon-oxon, deethylatrazine [CIAT], and N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide [DEET]) do not have human-health benchmarks available for comparison.\r\n\r\nAlthough most of the 51 curren","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20085027","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Clackamas Watershed Management Group (Clackamas River Water Providers and Clackamas County Water Environment Services) and the National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Carpenter, K., Sobieszczyk, S., Arnsberg, A.J., and Rinella, F., 2008, Pesticide Occurrence and Distribution in the Lower Clackamas River Basin, Oregon, 2000-2005: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5027, Report: x, 99 p.; Plate: 36 x 24 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085027.","productDescription":"Report: x, 99 p.; Plate: 36 x 24 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":10894,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5027/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195128,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.58333333333333,45.31666666666667 ], [ -122.58333333333333,45.46666666666667 ], [ -122.18333333333334,45.46666666666667 ], [ -122.18333333333334,45.31666666666667 ], [ -122.58333333333333,45.31666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688391","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carpenter, Kurt D. kdcar@usgs.gov","contributorId":1372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"Kurt D.","email":"kdcar@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":294168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sobieszczyk, Steven 0000-0002-0834-8437 ssobie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0834-8437","contributorId":885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sobieszczyk","given":"Steven","email":"ssobie@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arnsberg, Andrew J.","contributorId":57932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnsberg","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rinella, Frank A.","contributorId":89515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rinella","given":"Frank A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":81025,"text":"sir20075013 - 2008 - Development of acid functional groups and lactones during the thermal degradation of wood and wood components","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-12T14:04:28","indexId":"sir20075013","displayToPublicDate":"2008-03-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5013","title":"Development of acid functional groups and lactones during the thermal degradation of wood and wood components","docAbstract":"Black carbon (pyrogenic materials including chars) in soils has been recognized as a substantial portion of soil organic matter, and has been shown to play a vital role in nutrient cycling; however, little is known concerning the properties of this material. Previous studies have largely been concerned with the creation of high-surface-area materials for use as sorbents. These materials have been manufactured at high temperature and have often been activated. Chars occurring in the environment can be formed over a wide range of temperature. Because it is extremely difficult to isolate black carbon once it has been incorporated in soils, chars produced in the laboratory under controlled conditions can be used to investigate the range of properties possible for natural chars.\r\n\r\nThis report shows that charring conditions (temperature and time) have substantial impact on the acid functional group and lactone content of chars. Low temperatures (250?C) and long charring times (greater than 72 hours) produce chars with the highest acid functional group and lactone content. The charring of cellulose appears to be responsible for the creation of the acid functional group and lactones.\r\n\r\nThe significance of this study is that low-temperature chars can have acid functional group contents comparable to humic materials (as high as 8.8 milliequivalents per gram). Acid functional group and lactone content decreases as charring temperature increases. The variation in formation conditions expected under natural fire conditions will result in a wide range of sorption properties for natural chars which are an important component of soil organic matter. By controlling the temperature and duration of charring, it is possible to tailor the sorption properties of chars, which may be used as soil amendments.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20075013","usgsCitation":"Rutherford, D.W., Wershaw, R.L., and Reeves, J.B., 2008, Development of acid functional groups and lactones during the thermal degradation of wood and wood components (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5013, vi, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075013.","productDescription":"vi, 43 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":10889,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5013/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195635,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db667170","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rutherford, David W. dwruther@usgs.gov","contributorId":1325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rutherford","given":"David","email":"dwruther@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":294154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wershaw, Robert L. rwershaw@usgs.gov","contributorId":4856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wershaw","given":"Robert","email":"rwershaw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":294155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reeves, James B. III","contributorId":40693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeves","given":"James","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":81031,"text":"ds328 - 2008 - Water-quality data for water- and wastewater-treatment plants along the Red River of the North, North Dakota and Minnesota, January through October 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-14T12:56:11","indexId":"ds328","displayToPublicDate":"2008-03-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"328","title":"Water-quality data for water- and wastewater-treatment plants along the Red River of the North, North Dakota and Minnesota, January through October 2006","docAbstract":"From January through October 2006, six sets of water-quality samples were collected at 28 sites, which included inflow and outflow from seven major municipal water-treatment plants (14 sites) and influent and effluent samples from seven major municipal wastewater treatment plants (14 sites) along the Red River of the North in North Dakota and Minnesota. Samples were collected in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation for use in the development of return-flow boundary conditions in a 2006 water-quality model for the Red River of the North. All samples were analyzed for nutrients and major ions. For one set of effluent samples from each of the wastewater-treatment plants, water was analyzed for Eschirichia coli, fecal coliform, 20-day biochemical oxygen demand, 20-day nitrogenous biochemical oxygen demand, total organic carbon, and dissolved organic carbon. In general, results from the field equipment blank and replicate samples indicate that the overall process of sample collection, processing, and analysis did not introduce substantial contamination and that consistent results were obtained.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds328","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Damschen, W., Hansel, J.A., and Nustad, R.A., 2008, Water-quality data for water- and wastewater-treatment plants along the Red River of the North, North Dakota and Minnesota, January through October 2006 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 328, iv, 68 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds328.","productDescription":"iv, 68 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-10-31","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":10895,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/328/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195326,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Red River of the North","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -101,45 ], [ -101,49 ], [ -93,49 ], [ -93,45 ], [ -101,45 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f2e4b07f02db5eed8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Damschen, William C. wcdamsch@usgs.gov","contributorId":1610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Damschen","given":"William C.","email":"wcdamsch@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansel, John A.","contributorId":32634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansel","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nustad, Rochelle A. 0000-0002-4713-5944 ranustad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4713-5944","contributorId":1811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nustad","given":"Rochelle","email":"ranustad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":81029,"text":"ofr20071354 - 2008 - PIT Tagging Anurans","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-27T11:46:05.186782","indexId":"ofr20071354","displayToPublicDate":"2008-03-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1354","title":"PIT Tagging Anurans","docAbstract":"<h1>This report is no longer available.</h1>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071354","usgsCitation":"McCreary, B., 2008, PIT Tagging Anurans: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1354, Movie: 13:06 minutes, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071354.","productDescription":"Movie: 13:06 minutes","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195213,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689e3c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCreary, Brome","contributorId":105005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCreary","given":"Brome","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":81027,"text":"sir20075200 - 2008 - Hydrology Prior to Wetland and Prairie Restoration in and around the Glacial Ridge National Wildlife Refuge, Northwestern Minnesota, 2002-5","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:27","indexId":"sir20075200","displayToPublicDate":"2008-03-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5200","title":"Hydrology Prior to Wetland and Prairie Restoration in and around the Glacial Ridge National Wildlife Refuge, Northwestern Minnesota, 2002-5","docAbstract":"The Nature Conservancy (TNC) owned and managed 24,795 acres of mixed wetland, native prairie, farmland and woods east of Crookston, in northwestern Minnesota. The original wetlands and prairies that once occupied this land are being restored by TNC in cooperation with many partners and are becoming part of the Glacial Ridge National Wildlife Refuge. Results of this study indicate that these restorations are likely to have a substantial effect on the local hydrology.\r\n\r\nWater occurs within the study area on the land surface, in surficial aquifers, and in buried aquifers of various depths, the tops of which are 50 to several hundred feet below the land surface. Surficial aquifers are generally thin (about 20 feet), narrow (several hundred feet), and long (tens of miles). Estimates of the horizontal hydraulic conductivity of surficial aquifers were 2.7?300 feet per day. Buried aquifers underlie much of the study area, but interact with surficial aquifers only in isolated areas. In these areas, water flows directly from buried to surficial aquifers and forms a single aquifer as much as 78 feet thick. The surface?water channel network is modified by several manmade ditches that were installed to remove excess water seasonally and to drain wetlands. The channels of the network lie primarily parallel to the beach ridges but cut through them in places. Back?beach basin wetlands delay and reduce direct runoff to ditches.\r\n\r\nRecharge to the surficial aquifers (10.97?25.08 inches per year during 2003?5) is from vertical infiltration of rainfall and snowmelt (areal recharge); from surface waters (particularly ephemeral wetlands); and from upward leakage of water from buried aquifers through till confining units (estimated at about 1 inch per year). Areal recharge is highly variable in space and time. Water leaves (discharges from) the surficial aquifers as flow to surface waters (closed basins and ditches), evapotranspiration, and withdrawals from wells. Unmeasured losses (primarily discharge to ungaged (closed) basins) were 53?115 percent of areal recharge during 2003?5, while discharge to ditches that leave the study area was 17?41 percent. Discharge over 100 percent of areal recharge indicates a loss in ground?water storage. During the dry year of 2003, substantial ground water (about one?third of annual areal recharge) was released from aquifer storage but was replenished quickly during the subsequent normal year. Shallow ground?water flow is complex, with water in surficial aquifers, ditches, and wetlands part of a single hydrologic system. The ages determined for surficial ground?water samples were less than 15 years old, and one?third (8 of 24) were less than 5 years old, substantiating the close connection of surficial ground water to the land surface.\r\n\r\nDuring the study, 68?81 percent of water left the area through unmeasured surface?water losses (primarily evapotranspiration), which is 2? to 4?times that leaving through the ditch system. Base flow in ditches (ground?water discharge) was 30 to 71 percent of all ditch flow. Mean annual runoff in all gaged basins except SW3 (2.26 inches per year) was similar (3.69?4.12 inches per year).\r\n\r\nThe quality of water samples from surficial aquifers and surface water collected in the study area was generally suitable for most uses but was variable. Most ground? and surface?water samples were dominated by calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonate ions. About one?quarter of surficial ground?water samples contained nitrate at concentrations greater than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency?s (USEPA) Maximum Contaminant Level for human consumption. The median concentration of dissolved phosphorus ranged from 0.0108 milligrams per liter as phosphorus (mg/L?P) to 0.0293 mg/L?P. Nutrient concentrations in ditches were generally above the USEPA nutrient guidelines for reference streams in the area. Water samples contained detectable concentrations of atrazine, acetachlor, metolachlor, pendimethalin","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20075200","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with The Nature Conservancy and the Red Lake Watershed District","usgsCitation":"Cowdery, T.K., Lorenz, D.L., and Arntson, A.D., 2008, Hydrology Prior to Wetland and Prairie Restoration in and around the Glacial Ridge National Wildlife Refuge, Northwestern Minnesota, 2002-5: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5200, vi, 68 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075200.","productDescription":"vi, 68 p.","temporalStart":"2002-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195100,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10891,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5200/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -96.5,47.583333333333336 ], [ -96.5,47.833333333333336 ], [ -96.08333333333333,47.833333333333336 ], [ -96.08333333333333,47.583333333333336 ], [ -96.5,47.583333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e952","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cowdery, Timothy K. 0000-0001-9402-6575 cowdery@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9402-6575","contributorId":456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowdery","given":"Timothy","email":"cowdery@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":294160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lorenz, David L. 0000-0003-3392-4034 lorenz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3392-4034","contributorId":1384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenz","given":"David","email":"lorenz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arntson, Allan D.","contributorId":79176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arntson","given":"Allan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":81028,"text":"sir20075247 - 2008 - Water-Level Changes in Aquifers of the Atlantic Coastal Plain, Predevelopment to 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-10T12:54:45.273533","indexId":"sir20075247","displayToPublicDate":"2008-03-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5247","title":"Water-Level Changes in Aquifers of the Atlantic Coastal Plain, Predevelopment to 2000","docAbstract":"The Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system, which underlies a large part of the east coast of the United States, is an important source of water for more than 20 million people. As the population of the region increases, further demand is being placed on those ground-water resources. To define areas of past and current declines in ground-water levels, as well as to document changes in those levels, historical water-level data from more than 4,000 wells completed in 13 regional aquifers in the Atlantic Coastal Plain were examined.\r\n\r\nFrom predevelopment to 1980, substantial water-level declines occurred in many areas of the Atlantic Coastal Plain. Regional variability in water-level change in the confined aquifers of the Atlantic Coastal Plain resulted from regional differences in aquifer properties and patterns of ground-water withdrawals. Within the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain, declines of more than 100 ft were observed in New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina. Regional declines in water levels were most widespread in the deeper aquifers that were most effectively confined?the Upper, Middle, and Lower Potomac aquifers. Within these aquifers, water levels had declined up to 200 ft in southern Virginia and to more than 100 ft in New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, and North Carolina. Substantial water-level declines were also evident in the regional Lower Chesapeake aquifer in southeastern New Jersey; in the Castle Hayne-Piney Point aquifer in Delaware, Maryland, southern Virginia and east-central North Carolina; in the Peedee-Severn aquifer in east-central New Jersey and southeastern North Carolina; and in the Black Creek-Matawan aquifer in east-central New Jersey and east-central North Carolina. Conversely, declines were least severe in the regional Upper Chesapeake aquifer during this period.\r\n\r\nIn the Southeastern Coastal Plain, declines of more than 100 ft in the Chattahoochee River aquifer occurred in eastern South Carolina and in southwestern Georgia, where water levels had declined approximately 140 and 200 ft from prepumping conditions, respectively. Within the Upper Floridan aquifer, decline was most pronounced in the coastal areas of Georgia and northern Florida where ground-water withdrawals were at their highest. These areas included Savannah, Jesup, and Brunswick, Ga., as well as the St. Marys, Ga. and Fernandina Beach, Fla., area. Regional water levels had declined by 80 ft near Brunswick and Fernandina Beach to as much as 160 ft near Savannah.\r\n\r\nSince 1980, water levels in many areas have continued to fall; however, in some places the rate at which levels declined has slowed. Conservation measures have served to limit withdrawals in affected areas, moderating or stabilizing water-level decline, and in some cases, resulting in substantial recovery. In other cases, increases in ground-water pumpage have resulted in continued rapid decline in water levels.\r\n\r\nFrom 1980 to 2000, water levels across the regional Upper, Middle, and Lower Potomac aquifers continued to decline across large parts of Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina, and water levels had stabilized or recovered throughout much of Long Island and New Jersey. Substantial water-level recovery had also occurred in east-central New Jersey in the Peedee-Severn and Black Creek-Matawan aquifers and in east-central North Carolina in the Castle Hayne-Piney Point aquifer. Substantial declines from about 1980 to about 2000 occurred in the Peedee-Severn aquifer in southern New Jersey, the Beaufort-Aquia aquifer in southern Maryland, and the Black Creek-Matawan and Upper Potomac aquifers in central and southern parts of the coastal plain in North Carolina.\r\n\r\nFrom 1980 to about 2000, water levels within the regional Upper Floridan aquifer had generally stabilized in response to shifting withdrawal patterns and reductions in pumpage at many places within the coastal region. Ground-water levels had stabilized and recovered at the ma","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20075247","usgsCitation":"dePaul, V., Rice, D.E., and Zapecza, O.S., 2008, Water-Level Changes in Aquifers of the Atlantic Coastal Plain, Predevelopment to 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5247, Report: viii, 89 p.; Plate: 36 x 18 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075247.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 89 p.; Plate: 36 x 18 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia  Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122644,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2007_5247.jpg"},{"id":10892,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5247/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -86.25,27.75 ], [ -86.25,43 ], [ -68.75,43 ], [ -68.75,27.75 ], [ -86.25,27.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47d9e4b07f02db4b5cac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"dePaul, Vincent T. 0000-0002-7977-5217","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7977-5217","contributorId":13972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"dePaul","given":"Vincent T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rice, Donald E.","contributorId":70440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zapecza, Otto S. ozapecza@usgs.gov","contributorId":3687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zapecza","given":"Otto","email":"ozapecza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":294163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":81016,"text":"ofr20081095 - 2008 - Reported Historic Asbestos Mines, Historic Asbestos Prospects, and Natural Asbestos Occurrences in the Southwestern United States (Arizona, Nevada, and Utah)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:49","indexId":"ofr20081095","displayToPublicDate":"2008-03-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1095","title":"Reported Historic Asbestos Mines, Historic Asbestos Prospects, and Natural Asbestos Occurrences in the Southwestern United States (Arizona, Nevada, and Utah)","docAbstract":"This map and its accompanying dataset provide information for 113 natural asbestos occurrences in the Southwestern United States (U.S.), using descriptions found in the geologic literature. Data on location, mineralogy, geology, and relevant literature for each asbestos site are provided. Using the map and digital data in this report, the user can examine the distribution of previously reported asbestos occurrences and their geological characteristics in the Southwestern U.S., which includes sites in Arizona, Nevada, and Utah. This report is part of an ongoing study by the U.S. Geological Survey to identify and map reported natural asbestos occurrences in the U.S., which thus far includes similar maps and datasets of natural asbestos occurrences within the Eastern U.S. (http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1189/), the Central U.S. (http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1211/), and the Rocky Mountain States (http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1182/. These reports are intended to provide State and local government agencies and other stakeholders with geologic information on natural occurrences of asbestos in the U.S.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081095","usgsCitation":"Van Gosen, B.S., 2008, Reported Historic Asbestos Mines, Historic Asbestos Prospects, and Natural Asbestos Occurrences in the Southwestern United States (Arizona, Nevada, and Utah) (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1095, Plate: 45 x 36 inches; References; Data Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081095.","productDescription":"Plate: 45 x 36 inches; References; Data Files","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195140,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10880,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1095/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120,31 ], [ -120,42 ], [ -109,42 ], [ -109,31 ], [ -120,31 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a58e4b07f02db62f5c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Gosen, Bradley S. 0000-0003-4214-3811 bvangose@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4214-3811","contributorId":1174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Gosen","given":"Bradley","email":"bvangose@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":81017,"text":"ofr20081104 - 2008 - Inventory of Well Yields in Avery and Watauga Counties, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-08T10:43:38","indexId":"ofr20081104","displayToPublicDate":"2008-03-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1104","title":"Inventory of Well Yields in Avery and Watauga Counties, North Carolina","docAbstract":"More than 1,500 well records were compiled for Avery and Watauga Counties, North Carolina, as part of a study of ground-water resources. Wells in this area of the Blue Ridge Physiographic Province produce water from the fractured-bedrock aquifer. Prior to this study, only about 132 wells were included in the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water Information System, as a result of a study conducted during the late 1960s. The large number of additional well records provide a better data set to evaluate the ground-water resources. From the more recent well inventory conducted in 2007, the range of well yields in these two counties is from 0 to 400 gallons per minute. Total depth of the wells ranged from 20 to 1,204 feet below land surface, and depth to primary fracture zones ranged from 25 to 1,000 feet below land surface.\r\n\r\nIn many rural areas of North Carolina (NC), ground water is the sole resource for drinking water. With increasing population, many more wells are being drilled, and information on this important resource needs to be updated. In February 2007, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) initiated a study in cooperation with the High Country Council of Governments, through a grant received by the North Carolina Rural Economic Development Center, to better quantify available ground-water resources in two rural counties (Avery and Watauga) in the northern North Carolina mountains. Many small towns in Avery and Watauga counties are dependent on wells from local fractured-bedrock aquifers, and local officials are concerned about the sustainability of the resource for support of economic development and population growth. In 2005, all residents in Avery County were served by ground-water resources, while 37 percent of the population in Watauga County was served by ground water (D.G. Smith, U.S. Geological Survey, written commun., 2007). ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081104","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the High Country Council of Governments, Town of Seven Devils, and North Carolina Rural Economic Development Center","usgsCitation":"Huffman, B.A., Chapman, M.J., Tighe, K., and Terziotti, S., 2008, Inventory of Well Yields in Avery and Watauga Counties, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1104, Map Sheet: 28 x 29 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081104.","productDescription":"Map Sheet: 28 x 29 inches","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195711,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10881,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1104/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","county":"Avery County, Watauga County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-81.8113,36.1117],[-81.7877,36.1007],[-81.7746,36.0987],[-81.7618,36.0884],[-81.7563,36.0731],[-81.7472,36.0728],[-81.738,36.0656],[-81.8073,35.9643],[-81.8142,35.9701],[-81.8176,35.971],[-81.8301,35.9703],[-81.8376,35.9725],[-81.8564,35.9763],[-81.8673,35.977],[-81.8724,35.9783],[-81.876,35.9846],[-81.8807,35.9909],[-81.8888,35.9966],[-81.8979,35.9992],[-81.9059,35.9982],[-81.9318,35.9678],[-81.9447,35.9585],[-81.9642,35.9432],[-81.9657,35.9369],[-81.9582,35.9306],[-81.9643,35.9269],[-81.9704,35.92],[-81.9815,35.9103],[-81.9878,35.9124],[-81.9994,35.9222],[-82.0324,35.9448],[-82.0407,35.9578],[-82.0568,35.9848],[-82.057,35.9916],[-82.0533,36.0007],[-82.0477,36.0067],[-82.0403,36.0073],[-82.0721,36.0666],[-82.0736,36.0779],[-82.0777,36.0847],[-82.0798,36.096],[-82.0823,36.1041],[-82.0796,36.1045],[-82.0755,36.1062],[-82.0726,36.1083],[-82.0699,36.1102],[-82.0626,36.1134],[-82.0605,36.1155],[-82.0587,36.1172],[-82.0571,36.1204],[-82.0554,36.1227],[-82.0526,36.1237],[-82.0497,36.1233],[-82.0423,36.1211],[-82.0377,36.1203],[-82.0349,36.1204],[-82.032,36.1211],[-82.03,36.1233],[-82.026,36.1277],[-82.0205,36.1383],[-82.0167,36.1438],[-82.0157,36.1453],[-82.0052,36.1635],[-81.934,36.2652],[-81.9204,36.2846],[-81.9171,36.2892],[-81.9131,36.2949],[-81.9107,36.2981],[-81.9078,36.3002],[-81.9059,36.3015],[-81.9027,36.3036],[-81.896,36.3067],[-81.8925,36.3075],[-81.8843,36.3104],[-81.8814,36.3121],[-81.8742,36.3173],[-81.8678,36.3244],[-81.8639,36.3287],[-81.8495,36.3374],[-81.8397,36.3433],[-81.8351,36.3451],[-81.8305,36.3469],[-81.8268,36.3483],[-81.8227,36.3491],[-81.8126,36.3512],[-81.8077,36.3522],[-81.8018,36.356],[-81.7994,36.3576],[-81.7962,36.3596],[-81.795,36.3591],[-81.7936,36.3585],[-81.7911,36.354],[-81.7893,36.3508],[-81.7884,36.3493],[-81.7861,36.3477],[-81.7838,36.3469],[-81.7769,36.345],[-81.7727,36.3426],[-81.7689,36.3404],[-81.7659,36.3399],[-81.7582,36.3386],[-81.7528,36.3367],[-81.7493,36.3363],[-81.7463,36.3359],[-81.7426,36.3369],[-81.7392,36.3377],[-81.7322,36.3394],[-81.7289,36.3402],[-81.7248,36.3399],[-81.7227,36.3395],[-81.722,36.3393],[-81.7184,36.338],[-81.7159,36.3371],[-81.7128,36.3371],[-81.7121,36.337],[-81.7106,36.3375],[-81.709,36.3387],[-81.7077,36.3409],[-81.7093,36.3433],[-81.7136,36.3458],[-81.7199,36.3494],[-81.7225,36.3524],[-81.7241,36.3553],[-81.729,36.3698],[-81.7304,36.3723],[-81.7327,36.3762],[-81.7337,36.3777],[-81.7333,36.3796],[-81.7328,36.3818],[-81.7312,36.3843],[-81.7305,36.3854],[-81.73,36.3865],[-81.7294,36.3888],[-81.7301,36.3903],[-81.6411,36.3514],[-81.5985,36.3067],[-81.5944,36.3017],[-81.5897,36.2991],[-81.5839,36.2928],[-81.5721,36.2757],[-81.5687,36.2753],[-81.5647,36.2776],[-81.5625,36.2781],[-81.5476,36.276],[-81.5418,36.2729],[-81.5296,36.2626],[-81.5181,36.256],[-81.4951,36.249],[-81.4801,36.2401],[-81.4737,36.2357],[-81.4559,36.1973],[-81.5009,36.1396],[-81.5489,36.1172],[-81.6571,36.1185],[-81.6766,36.1228],[-81.8113,36.1117]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Avery\",\"state\":\"NC\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48c6e4b07f02db53fd5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huffman, Brad A. 0000-0003-4025-1325 bahuffma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4025-1325","contributorId":1596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huffman","given":"Brad","email":"bahuffma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapman, Melinda J. 0000-0003-4021-0320 mjchap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4021-0320","contributorId":1597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"Melinda","email":"mjchap@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tighe, Kirsten C.","contributorId":99930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tighe","given":"Kirsten C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Terziotti, Silvia 0000-0003-3559-5844 seterzio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3559-5844","contributorId":1613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terziotti","given":"Silvia","email":"seterzio@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":81014,"text":"ofr20081028 - 2008 - Determination of polychlorinated biphenyls, selected persistent organochlorine pesticides, and polybrominated flame retardants in fillets of fishes from the 2006 Missouri Department of Conservation Monitoring Programs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-10T14:32:46","indexId":"ofr20081028","displayToPublicDate":"2008-03-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1028","title":"Determination of polychlorinated biphenyls, selected persistent organochlorine pesticides, and polybrominated flame retardants in fillets of fishes from the 2006 Missouri Department of Conservation Monitoring Programs","docAbstract":"This report presents the results of a study to determine polychlorinated biphenyl, organochlorine pesticide, and polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardant concentrations in selected fishes from lakes and streams across Missouri. Fillets were collected from each fish sample, and after homogenization, compositing, and preparation, analyte concentrations were determined with dual column capillary gas chromatography-electron-capture detection. Total concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls in samples ranged from background levels of about 20 to 1,200 nanograms per gram. Chlordanes and DDT-related chemicals constituted the primary classes of pesticides present at elevated concentrations in most samples, and ranged from 5 to 340 nanograms per gram. Total concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in samples ranged from background levels of about 5 to about 410 nanograms per gram. Concentrations of total technical chlordane ranged from less than 5 to 260 nanograms per gram. Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls, chlordanes, DDT-related compounds, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers were all greatest in samples of blue catfish from Cape Girardeau and Weldon Spring.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081028","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Conservation","usgsCitation":"Gale, R.W., May, T.W., Orazio, C.E., and McKee, M., 2008, Determination of polychlorinated biphenyls, selected persistent organochlorine pesticides, and polybrominated flame retardants in fillets of fishes from the 2006 Missouri Department of Conservation Monitoring Programs: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1028, iv, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081028.","productDescription":"iv, 36 p.","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195411,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20081028.jpg"},{"id":330940,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1028/pdf/OFR2008-1028.pdf","size":"886 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":10878,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1028/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667987","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gale, Robert W. 0000-0002-8533-141X rgale@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8533-141X","contributorId":2808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gale","given":"Robert","email":"rgale@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"May, Thomas W. tmay@usgs.gov","contributorId":2598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"Thomas","email":"tmay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":294132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Orazio, Carl E. 0000-0002-2532-9668 corazio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2532-9668","contributorId":1366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orazio","given":"Carl","email":"corazio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McKee, Michael J.","contributorId":59527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Michael J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":81018,"text":"sir20075260 - 2008 - Clear-Water Contraction Scour at Selected Bridge Sites in the Black Prairie Belt of the Coastal Plain in Alabama, 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:48","indexId":"sir20075260","displayToPublicDate":"2008-03-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5260","title":"Clear-Water Contraction Scour at Selected Bridge Sites in the Black Prairie Belt of the Coastal Plain in Alabama, 2006","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Alabama Department of Transportation, made observations of clear-water contraction scour at 25 bridge sites in the Black Prairie Belt of the Coastal Plain of Alabama. These bridge sites consisted of 54 hydraulic structures, of which 37 have measurable scour holes. Observed scour depths ranged from 1.4 to 10.4 feet. Theoretical clear-water contraction-scour depths were computed for each bridge and compared with observed scour. This comparison showed that theoretical scour depths, in general, exceeded the observed scour depths by about 475 percent. Variables determined to be important in developing scour in laboratory studies along with several other hydraulic variables were investigated to understand their influence within the Alabama field data. The strongest explanatory variables for clear-water contraction scour were channel-contraction ratio and velocity index. Envelope curves were developed relating both of these explanatory variables to observed scour. These envelope curves provide useful tools for assessing reasonable ranges of scour depth in the Black Prairie Belt of Alabama.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20075260","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Alabama Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Lee, K., and Hedgecock, T., 2008, Clear-Water Contraction Scour at Selected Bridge Sites in the Black Prairie Belt of the Coastal Plain in Alabama, 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5260, viii, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075260.","productDescription":"viii, 57 p.","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":105,"text":"Alabama Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125267,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2007_5260.jpg"},{"id":10882,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5260/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89,30 ], [ -89,35.25 ], [ -84.5,35.25 ], [ -84.5,30 ], [ -89,30 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5ee4b07f02db633bc1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, K.G.","contributorId":28319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"K.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hedgecock, T.S.","contributorId":16107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedgecock","given":"T.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":81013,"text":"ofr20081016 - 2008 - Concentration and spatial distribution of selected constituents in Detroit River bed sediment adjacent to Grassy Island, Michigan, August 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-28T08:20:25","indexId":"ofr20081016","displayToPublicDate":"2008-03-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1016","title":"Concentration and spatial distribution of selected constituents in Detroit River bed sediment adjacent to Grassy Island, Michigan, August 2006","docAbstract":"In August 2006, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, collected sediment?core samples from the bed of the Detroit River adjacent to Grassy Island. The goal of the sampling was to assess the distribution and concentration of chemical constituents in sediment adjacent to Grassy Island, which was operated from 1960 to 1982 as a confined disposal facility to hold dredge spoils. On August 31, 2006, seven samples were collected at four locations in the Detroit River on the north, south, east, and west sides of the island. Metals concentrations in the riverbed sediment tended to be higher on the west side of the island, whereas organic?compound concentrations were generally higher on the east side. Comparison of results from this sampling to concentrations reported in previous studies indicates that the concentrations of inorganic constituents, mainly metals, in the riverbed sediment around Grassy Island fell within the range of concentrations found regionally throughout the Detroit River and in most cases have lower mean and median values than found elsewhere regionally in the Detroit River. Comparison of results from the August 31, 2006, sampling to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency risk?based sediment?quality guidelines indicates that 18 organic constituents for which an ecological screening level (ESL), and (or) a threshold effect concentration (TEC), and (or) a probable effect concentration (PEC) has been defined exceeded one or more of these guidelines at least once. Further work would be needed to determine whether constituent concentrations in the river sediment are related to constituent runoff from Grassy Island.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081016","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Hoard, C.J., 2008, Concentration and spatial distribution of selected constituents in Detroit River bed sediment adjacent to Grassy Island, Michigan, August 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1016, iv, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081016.","productDescription":"iv, 22 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-08-01","temporalEnd":"2006-08-31","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195676,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20081016.JPG"},{"id":10877,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1016/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Grassy Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -83.153333,\n              42.234167\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.153333,\n              42.209444\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.126111,\n              42.209444\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.126111,\n              42.234167\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.153333,\n              42.234167\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b20e4b07f02db6abb22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoard, C. J.","contributorId":37436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoard","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":81020,"text":"sir20085021 - 2008 - Factors Affecting Nitrate Delivery to Streams from Shallow Ground Water in the North Carolina Coastal Plain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T10:00:27","indexId":"sir20085021","displayToPublicDate":"2008-03-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5021","title":"Factors Affecting Nitrate Delivery to Streams from Shallow Ground Water in the North Carolina Coastal Plain","docAbstract":"An analysis of data collected at five flow-path study sites between 1997 and 2006 was performed to identify the factors needed to formulate a comprehensive program, with a focus on nitrogen, for protecting ground water and surface water in the North Carolina Coastal Plain. Water-quality protection in the Coastal Plain requires the identification of factors that affect the transport of nutrients from recharge areas to streams through the shallow ground-water system. Some basins process or retain nitrogen more readily than others, and the factors that affect nitrogen processing and retention were the focus of this investigation to improve nutrient management in Coastal Plain streams and to reduce nutrient loads to coastal waters.\r\n\r\nNitrate reduction in ground water was observed at all five flow-path study sites in the North Carolina Coastal Plain, although the extent of reduction at each site was influenced by various environmental, hydrogeologic, and geochemical factors. Denitrification was the most common factor responsible for decreases in nitrate along the ground-water flow paths. Specific factors, some of which affect denitrification rates, that appeared to influence ground-water nitrate concentrations along the flow paths or in the streams include soil drainage, presence or absence of riparian buffers, evapotranspiration, fertilizer use, ground-water recharge rates and residence times, aquifer properties, subsurface tile drainage, sources and amounts of organic matter, and hyporheic processes. The study data indicate that the nitrate-reducing capacity of the buffer zone combined with that of the hyporheic zone can substantially lower the amount of ground-water nitrate discharged to streams in agricultural settings of the North Carolina Coastal Plain.\r\n\r\nAt the watershed scale, the effects of ground-water discharge on surface-water quality appear to be greatly influenced by streamflow conditions and the presence of extensive riparian vegetation. Streamflow statistics that reflect base flow and the general hydrologic dynamics of a stream are important in understanding nutrient transport from a watershed and may be useful indicators of watersheds that are likely to have higher yields of nutrients and water. Combining streamflow statistics with information on such factors as land use, soil drainage, extent of riparian vegetation, geochemical conditions, and subsurface tile drainage in the Coastal Plain can be useful in identifying watersheds that are most likely to export excessive nitrogen due to nonpoint-source loadings and watersheds that are effective in processing nitrogen.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20085021","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Water Quality, Aquifer Protection Section","usgsCitation":"Harden, S.L., and Spruill, T.B., 2008, Factors Affecting Nitrate Delivery to Streams from Shallow Ground Water in the North Carolina Coastal Plain: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5021, vi, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085021.","productDescription":"vi, 41 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195405,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10883,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5021/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"North Carolina Coastal Plain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78.5,35 ], [ -78.5,36 ], [ -77,36 ], [ -77,35 ], [ -78.5,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d8e4b07f02db5df922","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harden, Stephen L. 0000-0001-6886-0099 slharden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6886-0099","contributorId":2212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"Stephen","email":"slharden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spruill, Timothy B.","contributorId":51724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spruill","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":81011,"text":"sir20085025 - 2008 - Estimating the Probability of Elevated Nitrate Concentrations in Ground Water in Washington State","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:22","indexId":"sir20085025","displayToPublicDate":"2008-03-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5025","title":"Estimating the Probability of Elevated Nitrate Concentrations in Ground Water in Washington State","docAbstract":"Logistic regression was used to relate anthropogenic (manmade) and natural variables to the occurrence of elevated nitrate concentrations in ground water in Washington State. Variables that were analyzed included well depth, ground-water recharge rate, precipitation, population density, fertilizer application amounts, soil characteristics, hydrogeomorphic regions, and land-use types. Two models were developed: one with and one without the hydrogeomorphic regions variable. The variables in both models that best explained the occurrence of elevated nitrate concentrations (defined as concentrations of nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen greater than 2 milligrams per liter) were the percentage of agricultural land use in a 4-kilometer radius of a well, population density, precipitation, soil drainage class, and well depth. Based on the relations between these variables and measured nitrate concentrations, logistic regression models were developed to estimate the probability of nitrate concentrations in ground water exceeding 2 milligrams per liter. Maps of Washington State were produced that illustrate these estimated probabilities for wells drilled to 145 feet below land surface (median well depth) and the estimated depth to which wells would need to be drilled to have a 90-percent probability of drawing water with a nitrate concentration less than 2 milligrams per liter. Maps showing the estimated probability of elevated nitrate concentrations indicated that the agricultural regions are most at risk followed by urban areas. The estimated depths to which wells would need to be drilled to have a 90-percent probability of obtaining water with nitrate concentrations less than 2 milligrams per liter exceeded 1,000 feet in the agricultural regions; whereas, wells in urban areas generally would need to be drilled to depths in excess of 400 feet.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20085025","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Washington State Department of Health","usgsCitation":"Frans, L.M., 2008, Estimating the Probability of Elevated Nitrate Concentrations in Ground Water in Washington State: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5025, vi, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085025.","productDescription":"vi, 23 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190732,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10875,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5025/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -125,45 ], [ -125,49 ], [ -117,49 ], [ -117,45 ], [ -125,45 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686621","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frans, Lonna M. 0000-0002-3217-1862 lmfrans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3217-1862","contributorId":1493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frans","given":"Lonna","email":"lmfrans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":81010,"text":"tm7A1 - 2008 - Fast, Inclusive Searches for Geographic Names Using Digraphs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:30","indexId":"tm7A1","displayToPublicDate":"2008-03-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"7-A1","title":"Fast, Inclusive Searches for Geographic Names Using Digraphs","docAbstract":"An algorithm specifies how to quickly identify names that approximately match any specified name when searching a list or database of geographic names. Based on comparisons of the digraphs (ordered letter pairs) contained in geographic names, this algorithmic technique identifies approximately matching names by applying an artificial but useful measure of name similarity. A digraph index enables computer name searches that are carried out using this technique to be fast enough for deployment in a Web application. This technique, which is a member of the class of n-gram algorithms, is related to, but distinct from, the soundex, PHONIX, and metaphone phonetic algorithms. Despite this technique's tendency to return some counterintuitive approximate matches, it is an effective aid for fast, inclusive searches for geographic names when the exact name sought, or its correct spelling, is unknown.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chapter 1 of Book 7, Automated Data Processing and Computations of Section A, Algorithms","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/tm7A1","usgsCitation":"Donato, D.I., 2008, Fast, Inclusive Searches for Geographic Names Using Digraphs: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 7-A1, iv, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm7A1.","productDescription":"iv, 6 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195081,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10874,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/7a1/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f59ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Donato, David I. 0000-0002-5412-0249 didonato@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5412-0249","contributorId":2234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donato","given":"David","email":"didonato@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":81009,"text":"ofr20081086 - 2008 - Ground-Water Quality in the Mohawk River Basin, New York, 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:22","indexId":"ofr20081086","displayToPublicDate":"2008-03-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1086","title":"Ground-Water Quality in the Mohawk River Basin, New York, 2006","docAbstract":"Water samples were collected from 27 wells from August through November 2006 to characterize ground-water quality in the Mohawk River Basin. The Mohawk River Basin covers 3,500 square miles in central New York; most of the basin is underlain by sedimentary bedrock, including shale, sandstone, and carbonates. Sand and gravel form the most productive aquifers in the basin. Samples were collected from 13 sand and gravel wells and 14 bedrock wells, including production and domestic wells. The samples were collected and processed through standard U.S. Geological Survey procedures and were analyzed for 226 physical properties and constituents, including physical properties, major ions, nutrients, trace elements, radon-222, pesticides, volatile organic compounds, and bacteria.\r\n\r\nMany constituents were not detected in any sample, but concentrations of some constituents exceeded current or proposed Federal or New York State drinking-water quality standards, including color (1 sample), pH (2 samples), sodium (11 samples), chloride (2 samples), fluoride (1 sample), sulfate (1 sample), aluminum (2 samples), arsenic (2 samples), iron (10 samples), manganese (10 samples), radon-222 (12 samples), and bacteria (6 samples). Dissolved oxygen concentrations were greater in samples from sand and gravel wells (median 5.6 milligrams per liter [mg/L]) than from bedrock wells (median 0.2 mg/L). The pH was typically neutral or slightly basic (median 7.3); the median water temperature was 11?C. The ions with the highest concentrations were bicarbonate (median 276 mg/L), calcium (median 58.9 mg/L), and sodium (median 41.9 mg/L). Ground water in the basin is generally very hard (180 mg/L as CaCO3 or greater), especially in the Mohawk Valley and areas with carbonate bedrock. Nitrate-plus-nitrite concentrations were generally higher samples from sand and gravel wells (median concentration 0.28 mg/L as N) than in samples from bedrock wells (median < 0.06 mg/L as N), although no concentrations exceeded established State or Federal drinking-water standards of 10 mg/L as N for nitrate and 1 mg/L as N for nitrite. Ammonia concentrations were higher in samples from bedrock wells (median 0.349 mg/L as N) than in those from samples from sand and gravel wells (median 0.006 mg/L as N). The trace elements with the highest concentrations were strontium (median 549 micrograms per liter [?g/L]), iron (median 143 ?g/L), boron (median 35 ?g/L), and manganese (median 31.1 ?g/L). Concentrations of several trace elements, including boron, copper, iron, manganese, and strontium, were higher in samples from bedrock wells than those from sand and gravel wells. The highest radon-222 activities were in samples from bedrock wells (maximum 1,360 pCi/L); 44 percent of all samples exceeded a proposed U.S. Environmental Protection Agency drinking water standard of 300 pCi/L. Nine pesticides and pesticide degradates were detected in six samples at concentrations of 0.42 ?g/L or less; all were herbicides or their degradates, and most were degradates of alachlor, atrazine, and metolachlor. Six volatile organic compounds were detected in four samples at concentrations of 0.8 ?g/L or less, including four trihalomethanes, tetrachloroethene, and toluene; most detections were in sand and gravel wells and none of the concentrations exceeded drinking water standards. Coliform bacteria were detected in six samples but fecal coliform bacteria, including Escherichia coli, were not detected in any sample.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081086","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"Nystrom, E.A., 2008, Ground-Water Quality in the Mohawk River Basin, New York, 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1086, vi, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081086.","productDescription":"vi, 33 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-08-01","temporalEnd":"2006-11-30","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190813,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10873,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1086/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76,42 ], [ -76,43.75 ], [ -73.5,43.75 ], [ -73.5,42 ], [ -76,42 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a6230","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nystrom, Elizabeth A. 0000-0002-0886-3439 nystrom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0886-3439","contributorId":1072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nystrom","given":"Elizabeth","email":"nystrom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":81008,"text":"tm6A22 - 2008 - SEAWAT Version 4: A Computer Program for Simulation of Multi-Species Solute and Heat Transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:29","indexId":"tm6A22","displayToPublicDate":"2008-03-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"6-A22","title":"SEAWAT Version 4: A Computer Program for Simulation of Multi-Species Solute and Heat Transport","docAbstract":"The SEAWAT program is a coupled version of MODFLOW and MT3DMS designed to simulate three-dimensional, variable-density, saturated ground-water flow. Flexible equations were added to the program to allow fluid density to be calculated as a function of one or more MT3DMS species. Fluid density may also be calculated as a function of fluid pressure. The effect of fluid viscosity variations on ground-water flow was included as an option. Fluid viscosity can be calculated as a function of one or more MT3DMS species, and the program includes additional functions for representing the dependence on temperature. Although MT3DMS and SEAWAT are not explicitly designed to simulate heat transport, temperature can be simulated as one of the species by entering appropriate transport coefficients. For example, the process of heat conduction is mathematically analogous to Fickian diffusion. Heat conduction can be represented in SEAWAT by assigning a thermal diffusivity for the temperature species (instead of a molecular diffusion coefficient for a solute species). Heat exchange with the solid matrix can be treated in a similar manner by using the mathematically equivalent process of solute sorption. By combining flexible equations for fluid density and viscosity with multi-species transport, SEAWAT Version 4 represents variable-density ground-water flow coupled with multi-species solute and heat transport. SEAWAT Version 4 is based on MODFLOW-2000 and MT3DMS and retains all of the functionality of SEAWAT-2000.\r\n\r\nSEAWAT Version 4 also supports new simulation options for coupling flow and transport, and for representing constant-head boundaries. In previous versions of SEAWAT, the flow equation was solved for every transport timestep, regardless of whether or not there was a large change in fluid density. A new option was implemented in SEAWAT Version 4 that allows users to control how often the flow field is updated. New options were also implemented for representing constant-head boundaries with the Time-Variant Constant-Head (CHD) Package. These options allow for increased flexibility when using CHD flow boundaries with the zero-dispersive flux solute boundaries implemented by MT3DMS at constant-head cells.\r\n\r\nThis report contains revised input instructions for the MT3DMS Dispersion (DSP) Package, Variable-Density Flow (VDF) Package, Viscosity (VSC) Package, and CHD Package. The report concludes with seven cases of an example problem designed to highlight many of the new features.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Techniques and Methods Book 6, Chapter A22","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/tm6A22","usgsCitation":"Langevin, C.D., Thorne, D.T., Dausman, A., Sukop, M.C., and Guo, W., 2008, SEAWAT Version 4: A Computer Program for Simulation of Multi-Species Solute and Heat Transport: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 6-A22, vi, 39 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/tm6A22.","productDescription":"vi, 39 p. ","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125765,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm_6_a22.gif"},{"id":10872,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/tm6a22/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cfe4b07f02db54626b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langevin, Christian D. 0000-0001-5610-9759 langevin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5610-9759","contributorId":1030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"Christian","email":"langevin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thorne, Daniel T. Jr.","contributorId":41099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorne","given":"Daniel","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dausman, Alyssa M.","contributorId":64337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dausman","given":"Alyssa M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sukop, Michael C.","contributorId":52271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sukop","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Guo, Weixing","contributorId":28641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guo","given":"Weixing","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":81012,"text":"sir20075270 - 2008 - Flow Durations, Low-Flow Frequencies, and Monthly Median Flows for Selected Streams in Connecticut through 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-10T18:53:55","indexId":"sir20075270","displayToPublicDate":"2008-03-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5270","title":"Flow Durations, Low-Flow Frequencies, and Monthly Median Flows for Selected Streams in Connecticut through 2005","docAbstract":"Flow durations, low-flow frequencies, and monthly median streamflows were computed for 91 continuous-record, streamflow-gaging stations in Connecticut with 10 or more years of record. Flow durations include the 99-, 98-, 97-, 95-, 90-, 85-, 80-, 75-, 70-, 60-, 50-, 40-, 30-, 25-, 20-, 10-, 5-, and 1-percent exceedances. Low-flow frequencies include the 7-day, 10-year (7Q10) low flow; 7-day, 2-year (7Q2) low flow; and 30-day, 2-year (30Q2) low flow. Streamflow estimates were computed for each station using data for the period of record through water year 2005.\r\n\r\nEstimates of low-flow statistics for 7 short-term (operated between 3 and 10 years) streamflow-gaging stations and 31 partial-record sites were computed. Low-flow estimates were made on the basis of the relation between base flows at a short-term station or partial-record site and concurrent daily mean streamflows at a nearby index station. The relation is defined by the Maintenance of Variance Extension, type 3 (MOVE.3) method. Several short-term stations and partial-record sites had poorly defined relations with nearby index stations; therefore, no low-flow statistics were derived for these sites. The estimated low-flow statistics for the short-term stations and partial-record sites include the 99-, 98-, 97-, 95-, 90-, and 85-percent flow durations; the 7-day, 10-year (7Q10) low flow; 7-day, 2-year (7Q2) low flow; and 30-day, 2-year (30Q2) low-flow frequencies; and the August median flow. Descriptive information on location and record length, measured basin characteristics, index stations correlated to the short-term station and partial-record sites, and estimated flow statistics are provided in this report for each station. Streamflow estimates from this study are stored on USGS's World Wide Web application 'StreamStats' (http://water.usgs.gov/osw/streamstats/connecticut.html).","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20075270","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection and New England Water Pollution Control Commission","usgsCitation":"Ahearn, E.A., 2008, Flow Durations, Low-Flow Frequencies, and Monthly Median Flows for Selected Streams in Connecticut through 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5270, iv, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075270.","productDescription":"iv, 34 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195082,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10876,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5270/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74,41 ], [ -74,42.5 ], [ -71,42.5 ], [ -71,41 ], [ -74,41 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e478fe4b07f02db48a51a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ahearn, Elizabeth A. 0000-0002-5633-2640 eaahearn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5633-2640","contributorId":194658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahearn","given":"Elizabeth","email":"eaahearn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":377,"text":"Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":294129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":81006,"text":"tm6A26 - 2008 - NetpathXL - An excel interface to the program NETPATH","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-20T12:42:14","indexId":"tm6A26","displayToPublicDate":"2008-03-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"6-A26","title":"NetpathXL - An excel interface to the program NETPATH","docAbstract":"NetpathXL is a revised version of NETPATH that runs under Windows? operating systems. NETPATH is a computer program that uses inverse geochemical modeling techniques to calculate net geochemical reactions that can account for changes in water composition between initial and final evolutionary waters in hydrologic systems. The inverse models also can account for the isotopic composition of waters and can be used to estimate radiocarbon ages of dissolved carbon in ground water. NETPATH relies on an auxiliary, database program, DB, to enter the chemical analyses and to perform speciation calculations that define total concentrations of elements, charge balance, and redox state of aqueous solutions that are then used in inverse modeling. Instead of DB, NetpathXL relies on Microsoft Excel? to enter the chemical analyses. The speciation calculation formerly included in DB is implemented within the program NetpathXL. A program DBXL can be used to translate files from the old DB format (.lon files) to NetpathXL spreadsheets, or to create new NetpathXL spreadsheets. Once users have a NetpathXL spreadsheet with the proper format, new spreadsheets can be generated by copying or saving NetpathXL spreadsheets. In addition, DBXL can convert NetpathXL spreadsheets to PHREEQC input files. New capabilities in PHREEQC (version 2.15) allow solution compositions to be written to a .lon file, and inverse models developed in PHREEQC to be written as NetpathXL .pat and model files. NetpathXL can open NetpathXL spreadsheets, NETPATH-format path files (.pat files), and NetpathXL-format path files (.pat files). Once the speciation calculations have been performed on a spreadsheet file or a .pat file has been opened, the NetpathXL calculation engine is identical to the original NETPATH. Development of models and viewing results in NetpathXL rely on keyboard entry as in NETPATH.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm6A26","usgsCitation":"Parkhurst, D.L., and Charlton, S.R., 2008, NetpathXL - An excel interface to the program NETPATH (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 6-A26, iii, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm6A26.","productDescription":"iii, 11 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":10870,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/06A26/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":124655,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm_6_a26.gif"}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64aa7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parkhurst, David L. 0000-0003-3348-1544 dlpark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3348-1544","contributorId":1088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkhurst","given":"David","email":"dlpark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Charlton, Scott R. 0000-0001-7332-3394 charlton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7332-3394","contributorId":1632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charlton","given":"Scott","email":"charlton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}