Canal seepage losses affect the ability of water conveyance structures to maximize efficiency and can be a precursor to canal failure. Identification and quantification of canal seepage out of unlined canals is a complex interaction affected by geology, canal stage, operations, embankment geometry, siltation, animal burrows, structures, and other physical characteristics. Seepage out of unlined canals can be coarsely estimated using a mass balance-type approach (water in minus water out with the difference assumed to be a combination of seepage and evapotranspiration). More sophisticated methods are used in some instances but are typically limited efforts aimed at quantifying seepage in a specific location.
Seepage is generally broken out into two categories: diffuse and concentrated (or focused) seepage. Diffuse seepage is where the seepage discharges relatively constant over a given area, whereas concentrated (point discharge source) seepage discharges along preferentially focused areas. Diffuse seepage typically occurs in homogeneous conditions where the amount of water flowing into the subsurface is controlled by soil permeability and canal stage. Conversely, concentrated seepage occurs in areas of heterogeneous conditions where water flows into bedrock fractures, rodent burrows or other pre-existing discrete flow-paths. Concentrated seepage can also develop in the advent of sudden or excessive increases in hydraulic gradient which can lead to heaving, cracking, and development of backward erosion piping flow-paths. Concentrated and diffuse seepage can lead to seeps, in this case, a surface expression of water fed by irrigation water on canal embankment or at distal regions away from the canal.
This report focuses on work funded by the Research and Development Office from Fiscal Year 2016 through 2021 and the references provided pertain primarily to those efforts. This report also provides a generalized framework for how and when to investigate seepage out of an unlined canal based on the type of seepage, level of understanding about the seepage locations, geology, and knowledge of the subsurface conditions. The various methods used to locate seeps and quantify canal seepage are discussed in further detail, with references provided for the reader.
The following seepage investigation scenarios are discussed within the report:
1. Idealized workflow insensitive to time with highest quality data required
2. General workflow sensitive to time with highest quality data required
3. General workflow insensitive to time with lowest cost items preceding more costly techniques
4. Newly developed concentrated seep(s), concern about consequences (time sensitive)
5. Newly developed or rapidly increasing diffuse seepage, concern about consequences (time sensitive)
6. Existing concentrated seep(s), limited concern about consequences, poor geologic understanding
7. Existing concentrated seep(s), limited concern about consequences, good geologic understanding
8. Existing diffuse seepage, limited concern about consequences, poor geologic understanding
9. Existing diffuse seepage, limited concern about consequences, good geologic understanding
A workflow is given for each scenario which details recommended steps and the order in which those steps should be taken to maximize efficiency and data quality. The various seepage investigation techniques and estimated costs are discussed in more detail later in this report.
The next step is to take the data collected from the various methods and incorporate them into canal operations models to optimize deliveries. This step could also include the development of 3D seepage models to better understand the larger-scale groundwater-surface water interactions and how they are affected by the water delivery system.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Lindenbach, E.J., Kang, J.B., Rittgers, J.B., and Naranjo, R.C., 2021, Select techniques for detecting and quantifying seepage from unlined canals: Final Report ST-2020-19144-01, viii, 75 p.","productDescription":"viii, 75 p.","ipdsId":"IP-122681","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":387819,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":387793,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.usbr.gov/research/projects/download_product.cfm?id=2955"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindenbach, Evan J.","contributorId":263642,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lindenbach","given":"Evan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":820920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kang, Jong Beom","contributorId":263643,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kang","given":"Jong","email":"","middleInitial":"Beom","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":820921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rittgers, Justin B.","contributorId":263644,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rittgers","given":"Justin","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":820922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Naranjo, Ramon C. 0000-0003-4469-6831 rnaranjo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4469-6831","contributorId":3391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naranjo","given":"Ramon","email":"rnaranjo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":820873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70216747,"text":"70216747 - 2021 - The influence of legacy contamination on the transport and bioaccumulation of mercury within the Mobile River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-04T15:01:36.439744","indexId":"70216747","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-28T08:52:26","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2331,"text":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The influence of legacy contamination on the transport and bioaccumulation of mercury within the Mobile River Basin","docAbstract":"Past industrial use and subsequent release of mercury (Hg) into the environment have resulted in severe cases of legacy contamination that still influence contemporary Hg levels in biota. While the bioaccumulation of legacy Hg is commonly assessed via concentration measurements within fish tissue, this practice becomes difficult in regions of high productivity and methylmercury (MeHg) production, like the Mobile River Basin, Alabama in the southeastern United States. This study applied Hg stable isotope tracers to distinguish legacy Hg from regional deposition sources in sediments, waters, and fish within the Mobile River. Sediments and waters displayed differences in δ202Hg between industrial and background sites, which corresponded to drastic differences in Hg concentration. Sites that were affected by legacy Hg, as defined by δ202Hg, produced largemouth bass with lower MeHg content (59–70%) than those captured in the main rivers (>85%). Direct measurements of Hg isotopes and mathematical estimates of MeHg isotope pools in fish displayed similar distinctions between legacy and watershed sources as observed in other matrices. These results indicate that legacy Hg can accumulate directly into fish tissue as the inorganic species and may also be available for methylation within contaminated zones decades after the initial release.
The adverse impacts of harmful algal blooms (HABs) are increasing worldwide. Lake Erie is a North American Great Lake highly affected by cultural eutrophication and summer cyanobacterial HABs. While phosphorus loading is a known driver of bloom size, more nuanced yet crucial questions remain. For example, it is unclear what mechanisms are primarily responsible for initiating cyanobacterial dominance and subsequent biomass accumulation. To address these questions, we develop a mechanistic model describing June–October dynamics of chlorophyll a, nitrogen, and phosphorus near the Maumee River outlet, where blooms typically initiate and are most severe. We calibrate the model to a new, geostatistically-derived dataset of daily water quality spanning 2008–2017. A Bayesian framework enables us to embed prior knowledge on system characteristics and test alternative model formulations. Overall, the best model formulation explains 42% of the variability in chlorophyll a and 83% of nitrogen, and better captures bloom timing than previous models. Our results, supported by cross validation, show that onset of the major midsummer bloom is associated with about a month of water temperatures above 20 °C (occurring 19 July to 6 August), consistent with when cyanobacteria dominance is usually reported. Decreased phytoplankton loss rate is the main factor enabling biomass accumulation, consistent with reduced zooplankton grazing on cyanobacteria. The model also shows that phosphorus limitation is most severe in August, and nitrogen limitation tends to occur in early autumn. Our results highlight the role of temperature in regulating bloom initiation and subsequent loss rates, and suggest that a 2 °C increase could lead to blooms that start about 10 days earlier and grow 23% more intense.
Lake Tahoe, a large freshwater lake of the eastern Sierra Nevada in California and Nevada, has 63 tributaries that are sources of nutrients and sediment to the lake. The Tahoe watershed is relatively small, and the surface area of the lake occupies about 38% of the watershed area (1313 km2). Only about 6% of the watershed is urbanized or residential land, and as part of a plan to maintain water clarity, wastewater is exported out of the basin. The lake's clarity has been diminishing due to algae and fine sediment, prompting development of management plans. Much of the annual discharge and nutrient load to the lake results from snowmelt in the spring and summer months. To understand the relative importance of land use, climate, forest management, and other factors affecting trends in nutrient stream concentrations and loads, a Weighted Regression on Time Discharge and Season (WRTDS) model simulated these trends over a time frame of >25 years (mid-1970s to 2017). All studied locations generally show nitrate concentration and load trending down. Ammonium concentration and load initially trended down then increased continuously after 2005. Some locations show initially decreasing orthophosphate trends, followed by small significant increases in concentration and loads starting around 2000 to 2005. Total Kjeldahl nitrogen, total phosphorus and suspended sediment mostly trended downward. Overall, the trends in various forms of nitrogen were observed at most sites irrespective of the degree of development and indicate a change in ecological conditions is affecting the nitrogen cycle throughout the watershed, most likely attributable to forest aggradation and fire suppression. Ratios of bioavailable nitrogen in the form of nitrate and ammonium to orthophosphate have also trended downward during the period of record suggesting a shift of these streams from phosphorus limited to nitrogen limited.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141815","usgsCitation":"Domagalski, J.L., Morway, E.D., Alvarez, N.L., Hutchins, J., Rosen, M.R., and Coats, R., 2021, Trends in nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment concentrations and loads in streams draining to Lake Tahoe, California, Nevada, USA: Science of the Total Environment (STOTEN), v. 752, 141815, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141815.","productDescription":"141815, 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-116547","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436671,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P98T2HNM","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Discharge, nutrient, and suspended sediment data for selected streams in the Lake Tahoe watershed"},{"id":436670,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P98T2HNM","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Discharge, nutrient, and suspended sediment data for selected streams in the Lake Tahoe watershed"},{"id":378607,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ja/70214032/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Lake Tahoe","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.27282714843749,\n 38.807610542357594\n ],\n [\n -119.80865478515625,\n 38.807610542357594\n ],\n [\n -119.80865478515625,\n 39.31942523123949\n ],\n [\n -120.27282714843749,\n 39.31942523123949\n ],\n [\n -120.27282714843749,\n 38.807610542357594\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"752","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Domagalski, Joseph L. 0000-0002-6032-757X joed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-757X","contributorId":1330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domagalski","given":"Joseph","email":"joed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morway, Eric D. 0000-0002-8553-6140 emorway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8553-6140","contributorId":4320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morway","given":"Eric","email":"emorway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alvarez, Nancy L. 0000-0001-8037-1001 nalvarez@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8037-1001","contributorId":206530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez","given":"Nancy","email":"nalvarez@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hutchins, Juliet 0000-0001-7385-4160","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7385-4160","contributorId":240999,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hutchins","given":"Juliet","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37762,"text":"California State University, Sacramento","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rosen, Michael R. 0000-0003-3991-0522 mrosen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3991-0522","contributorId":495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosen","given":"Michael","email":"mrosen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Coats, Robert 0000-0002-0402-032X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0402-032X","contributorId":241000,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coats","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48187,"text":"Hydroikos Ltd","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70214565,"text":"70214565 - 2021 - An integrative ecological drought framework to span plant stress to ecosystem transformation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-30T17:40:38.884535","indexId":"70214565","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-19T09:16:16","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An integrative ecological drought framework to span plant stress to ecosystem transformation","docAbstract":"Droughts have increased globally in the twenty-first century and are expected to become more extreme and widespread in the future. Assessments of how drought affects plants and ecosystems lack consistency in scope and methodology, confounding efforts to mechanistically interpret structural and functional impacts and predict future transformations under climate change. To promote integration among studies, we identify water deficit conditions that are ecologically meaningful, clarify the stages in which ecological drought progresses, and consider approaches to synthesize drought effects across multiple species and ecosystems. This improved ecological drought framework reveals advantages of using different ecological drought metrics and strengthens approaches to distinguish ecosystem stress from crossing an irreversible threshold. We employ several well-studied examples from water-limited ecosystems, which contain plants that are often at their physiological limits and highly responsive to climate variability. We suggest that emerging research on early warning signs, drought recovery, and the effects of land management interventions be incorporated into the ecological drought framework. An integrative approach to understand ecological drought can accelerate scientific advancement and create opportunity to adapt and prepare for crossing irreversible ecosystem thresholds.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10021-020-00555-y","usgsCitation":"Munson, S.M., Bradford, J.B., and Hultine, K.R., 2021, An integrative ecological drought framework to span plant stress to ecosystem transformation: Ecosystems, v. 24, p. 739-754, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-020-00555-y.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"739","endPage":"754","ipdsId":"IP-118682","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":378903,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-09-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Munson, Seth M. 0000-0002-2736-6374 smunson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2736-6374","contributorId":1334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munson","given":"Seth","email":"smunson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":800113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradford, John B. 0000-0001-9257-6303 jbradford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-6303","contributorId":611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"John","email":"jbradford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":800114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hultine, Kevin R.","contributorId":181976,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hultine","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":800115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70217572,"text":"70217572 - 2021 - Environmental DNA is an effective tool to track recolonizing migratory fish following large‐scale dam removal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-25T12:43:42.792343","indexId":"70217572","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-19T07:20:46","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5840,"text":"Environmental DNA","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental DNA is an effective tool to track recolonizing migratory fish following large‐scale dam removal","docAbstract":"Environmental DNA (eDNA) has emerged as a potentially powerful tool for use in conservation and resource management, including for tracking the recolonization dynamics of fish populations. We used eDNA to assess the effectiveness of dam removal to restore fish passage on the Elwha River in Washington State (USA). Using a suite of 11 species‐specific eDNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, we showed that most targeted anadromous species (five Pacific Salmon species and Pacific Lamprey) were able to pass upstream of both former dam sites. Multiscale occupancy modeling showed that the timing and spatial extent of recolonization differed among species during the four years of post‐dam removal monitoring. More abundant species like Chinook Salmon and Coho Salmon migrated farther into the upper portions of the watershed than less abundant species like Pink Salmon and Chum Salmon. Sampling also allowed assessment of potamodromous fish species. Bull Trout and Rainbow Trout, ubiquitous species in the watershed, were detected at all sampling locations. Environmental DNA from Brook Trout, a non‐native species isolated between the dams prior to dam removal, was detected downstream of Elwha dam but rarely upstream of the Glines Canyon Dam suggested that the species has not expanded its range appreciably in the watershed following dam removal. We found that eDNA was an effective tool to assess the response of fish populations to large‐scale dam removal on the Elwha River.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/edn3.134","usgsCitation":"Duda, J.J., Hoy, M.S., Chase, D.M., Pess, G.R., Brenkman, S.J., McHenry, M.M., and Ostberg, C.O., 2021, Environmental DNA is an effective tool to track recolonizing migratory fish following large‐scale dam removal: Environmental DNA, v. 3, no. 1, p. 121-141, https://doi.org/10.1002/edn3.134.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"121","endPage":"141","ipdsId":"IP-117988","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454438,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/edn3.134","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436672,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96R5Q0M","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Environmental DNA (eDNA) is an Effective Tool to Track Recolonizing Migratory Fish Following Large-Scale Dam Removal, field data"},{"id":382487,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-09-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duda, Jeffrey J. 0000-0001-7431-8634 jduda@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7431-8634","contributorId":148954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duda","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jduda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoy, Marshal S. 0000-0003-2828-9697","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2828-9697","contributorId":220730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoy","given":"Marshal","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chase, Dorothy M. 0000-0002-7759-2687","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7759-2687","contributorId":203926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chase","given":"Dorothy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pess, George R.","contributorId":13501,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pess","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6578,"text":"National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, WA 98112, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brenkman, Samuel J.","contributorId":138941,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brenkman","given":"Samuel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12587,"text":"Olympic National Park, Port Angeles, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McHenry, Michael M","contributorId":239726,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McHenry","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":16823,"text":"Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe, Port Angeles, Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ostberg, Carl O. 0000-0003-1479-8458","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1479-8458","contributorId":220731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostberg","given":"Carl","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70228609,"text":"70228609 - 2021 - Impacts of small dams on stream temperature","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-14T17:19:08.866549","indexId":"70228609","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-16T11:14:43","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impacts of small dams on stream temperature","docAbstract":"Small, surface-release dams are ubiquitous features of the landscape that typically slow water flow and decrease canopy cover through impounded reaches, potentially increasing stream temperatures. However, reported effects of small dams on water temperature are variable, likely due to differences in landscape and dam characteristics. To quantify the range of thermal effects of small dams, we deployed continuous temperature loggers for one to four years at 30 dam sites across a range of environmental settings throughout Massachusetts (USA). Most dams (67%) warmed downstream waters, with August mean temperatures 0.20–5.25 °C higher than upstream. Downstream temperatures cooled with increased distance from the dam at 68% of sites, such that the warmest temperatures were observed closest to the dam. Where there was both a significant downstream warming effect and cooling pattern (seven sites), elevated temperatures persisted for an average of 1.31 km downstream of the dam. Dams with impoundments that caused the greatest relative widening of the stream channel and those on coldwater streams had the most warming, while streams with short dams in forested watersheds cooled most quickly downstream of the dam. Flow had a homogenizing effect on water temperatures at over half of the sites, whereby summer thermal impacts were more pronounced (e.g., more warming, faster cooling rates) under periods of lower flows. Downstream warming may reduce habitat for coldwater fishes and invertebrates, particularly where dams shift coldwater/coolwater habitat to warmwater. These results suggest that dam removal may mitigate elevated stream temperatures and increase ecosystem resilience in the face of a changing climate via restoration of critical coldwater habitats.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106878","usgsCitation":"Zaidel, P.A., Roy, A.H., Houle, K.M., Lambert, B., Letcher, B., Nislow, K., and Smith, C., 2021, Impacts of small dams on stream temperature: Ecological Indicators, v. 120, 106878, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106878.","productDescription":"106878, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-117686","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454440,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106878","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":395896,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"120","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zaidel, Peter A.","contributorId":276353,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zaidel","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36396,"text":"University of Massachusetts","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roy, Allison H. 0000-0002-8080-2729 aroy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8080-2729","contributorId":4240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roy","given":"Allison","email":"aroy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":834782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Houle, Kristopher M.","contributorId":276354,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Houle","given":"Kristopher","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":56964,"text":"Massachusetts Department of Fish and Wildife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lambert, Beth","contributorId":276356,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lambert","given":"Beth","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":56965,"text":"Massachusetts Department of Fish and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Letcher, Benjamin 0000-0003-0191-5678","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-5678","contributorId":242666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letcher","given":"Benjamin","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":834786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nislow, Keith H.","contributorId":276357,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nislow","given":"Keith H.","affiliations":[{"id":36400,"text":"US Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Smith, Christopher","contributorId":276358,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Christopher","affiliations":[{"id":6784,"text":"US EPA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70223224,"text":"70223224 - 2021 - Profiling lunar dust dissolution in aqueous environments: The design concept","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-18T12:42:15.472873","indexId":"70223224","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-02T07:40:51","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":626,"text":"Acta Astronautica","printIssn":"0094-5765","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Profiling lunar dust dissolution in aqueous environments: The design concept","docAbstract":"Published studies and internal NASA reports indicate that when native lunar dust is suspended in an aqueous solution a variety of metal and other ions are released. This release has implications for future lunar missions, ranging from effects on mission hardware, effects on life support systems, possible direct effects on human health, and effects on research experiments such as plant growth experiments, space biology experiments and any activities that may involve the use of water sourced from the lunar poles. Furthermore, such contaminants could become concentrated or chemically altered to a more hazardous form during a variety of lunar mission activities, including everything from space suit cleaning to lunar industrial materials extraction. The exact profile of the release of ions from lunar dust and the nature of the partially dissolved particles has not been explored. Any model of this dissolution must be based on an understanding of the unique micromorphology of lunar dust, including its glassy nature, agglutinate features, high surface area and the presence of small deposits of elemental iron (nanophase iron) located near the surface of the grain particles. Dust has a very high surface area available for interaction with water. For this reason, on first exposure to water, an immediate pulsed release of ions could occur, with more prolonged release taking place over months or years. The few studies that have been conducted previously have been limited in both the time scales examined and in the selection of ions that were measured. The proposed investigation is a comprehensive materials science investigation, using the most modern analytical tools to catalogue all metals given off from lunar dust in various aqueous solutions and their time profiles of release from the very short term to the very long term. The product of the proposed study will be a comprehensive database determined from NASA curated samples collected from the Apollo landing sites that can be applied to research in both living systems and non-living systems on the moon. The methods developed in the proposed study will also establish standards for analysis of lunar dust samples returned from future manned missions (Artemis and others) and future robotic missions. The knowledge gained from this basic materials science investigation will have broad impact on the design of engineered human safety and health systems.
We document a set of channels in a section of the Martian cratered highlands located between crustal massifs northeast of Hellas Planitia that are visible in cross section and planview >200 m below the surface. The morphometry and spatial distribution of the outcrops provide concrete geological evidence of a dynamic aqueous system in a structural sub-basin during the Early to Middle Noachian, bolstering evidence of conditions compatible with sustained liquid water on the surface very early in Mars' history.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2020.114071","usgsCitation":"Skinner, J.A., Fortezzo, C.M., and Mouginis-Mark, P.J., 2021, Exposure of an early to middle Noachian valley network in three dimensions on Mars: Icarus, v. 354, 114071, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2020.114071.","productDescription":"114071, 5 p.","ipdsId":"IP-115074","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454461,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2020.114071","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":378453,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"354","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Skinner, James A. Jr. 0000-0002-3644-7010 jskinner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3644-7010","contributorId":213622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skinner","given":"James","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jskinner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":798915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fortezzo, Corey M. 0000-0001-8188-5530 cfortezzo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8188-5530","contributorId":25383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fortezzo","given":"Corey","email":"cfortezzo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":130,"text":"Astrogeology Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":798916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mouginis-Mark, Peter J. 0000-0002-7173-6141","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7173-6141","contributorId":36793,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mouginis-Mark","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":798917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70213185,"text":"70213185 - 2021 - Complexity of groundwater age mixing near a seawater intrusion zone based on multiple tracers and Bayesian inference","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-14T14:32:51.944624","indexId":"70213185","displayToPublicDate":"2020-08-25T09:27:55","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Complexity of groundwater age mixing near a seawater intrusion zone based on multiple tracers and Bayesian inference","docAbstract":"Aquifer flow systems near seawater interfaces can be complicated by density-driven flows and the formation of stagnation zones, which inevitably introduces uncertainty into groundwater age-dating. While age-dating has proved effective to understand the seawater intrusion and aquifer salinization process in coastal aquifers, further efforts are needed to propagate model and data uncertainty to the uncertainty associated with the inferred age distributions. This study was performed in a coastal aquifer located close to the Yellow Sea, South Korea, where there is a decreasing trend of groundwater levels due to recent heavy exploitation, raising a warning of induced seawater intrusion. We inferred the groundwater age distributions in wells around the intrusion zone and estimated the uncertainty associated with the inference based on multiple age tracers including 3H, tritiogenic 3He, radiogenic 4He, CFC-11, CFC-12 and CFC-113 using Bayesian inference. We examined various models representing the age distributions including traditional parametric Lumped Parameter Models (LPMs) and two non-parametric “shape-free” models. The results showed that the mean ages at the study site ranged from 10.9 to 522.5 y. Complex, multimodal distributions of ages occurred near a seawater intrusion area and upland recharge zones, implying converging paths of a wide range of different ages in those regions. In particular, the age distributions estimated near the seawater intrusion interface were characterized by heavy-tailed mixing structures with elevated concentrations of 4He. This likely indicates density-driven upward flow at the seawater intrusion interface, forcing old groundwater rich in 4He into the shallow aquifer. The Bayesian inference estimated large uncertainties particularly for the old age distributions, which was attributed partly to the gradual accumulation of 4He in groundwater. The Bayesian inference improved understanding of flow dynamics at a complex seawater interface and identified opportunities to further reduce uncertainty of old water age estimates that characterize upwelling groundwater near the interface.
Preferential flow, a major influence in unsaturated soil and rock almost everywhere, occurs by multiple phenomenologically distinct hydraulic processes. For the mode known as funneled flow, concentrated in particularly conductive portions of the medium, the surface-tension/viscous-flow processes of traditional unsaturated flow theory predominate. Fingered flow, through conductive paths of higher water content than surrounding material, requires amendments to traditional theory concerning instabilities and dynamic flow-regime boundaries. Macropore flow, the most recognized preferential flow mode, poses unanswered questions and major difficulties in practice. Accumulated evidence shows that water flows preferentially mostly through macropores that are (a) only partially filled with water, and (b) surrounded by matrix material that is drier, sometimes much drier, than saturation. With partial filling, geometric characteristics such as aperture have much less influence than was previously thought, and the intra-macropore configuration of the flowing water phase, about which little is conclusively known, is then a dominant controlling influence. With unsaturated surroundings, macropore/matrix exchange interactions control, for given input and medium, the initiating circumstances, conveyed flux, and duration of macropore flow. The multiple processes in play during such interactions have different sensitivities to the matrix water state and different directions of influence. The net influence of matrix water content on macropore flow is thus highly complex and a major research need. Additional high-priority topics are: flowpath connectivity, for watersheds as well as small scales; intra-macropore processes, to discern their importance and possible means of quantification; and the identification of measurable soil and rock properties that can be utilized predictively.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America","doi":"10.1002/saj2.20143","usgsCitation":"Nimmo, J.R., 2021, The processes of preferential flow in the unsaturated zone: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 85, no. 1, p. 1-27, https://doi.org/10.1002/saj2.20143.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"27","ipdsId":"IP-121207","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":405459,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"85","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-01-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nimmo, John R. 0000-0001-8191-1727 jrnimmo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"John","email":"jrnimmo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":849505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70212609,"text":"70212609 - 2021 - Status of the major aquaculture carps of China in the Laurentian Great Lakes Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-29T13:13:24.00058","indexId":"70212609","displayToPublicDate":"2020-08-20T08:51:25","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Status of the major aquaculture carps of China in the Laurentian Great Lakes Basin","docAbstract":"There is concern of economic and environmental damage occuring if any of the four major aquacultured carp species of China, black carp Mylopharyngodon piceus, bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis, silver carp H. molitrix, or grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella, were to establish in the Laurentian Great Lakes. All four are reproducing in the Mississippi River Basin. We review the status of these fishes in relation to the Great Lakes and their proximity to pathways into the Great Lakes, based on captures and collections of eggs and larvae. No black carp have been captured in the Great Lakes Basin. One silver carp and one bighead carp were captured within the Chicago Area Waterway System, on the Great Lakes side of electric barriers designed to keep carp from entering the Great Lakes from the greater Mississippi River Basin. Three bighead carp were captured in Lake Erie, none later than the year 2000. By December 2019, at least 650 grass carps had been captured in the Great Lakes Basin, most in western Lake Erie, but none in Lake Superior. Grass carp reproduction has been documented in the Sandusky and Maumee rivers in Ohio, tributaries of Lake Erie. We also discuss environmental DNA (eDNA) results as an early detection and monitoring tool for bighead and silver carps. Detection of eDNA does not necessarily indicate presence of live fish, but bigheaded carp eDNA has been detected on the Great Lakes side of the barriers and in a small proportion of samples from the western basin of Lake Erie.
The effects of breccia pipe uranium mining in the Grand Canyon watershed (Arizona) on ecological and cultural resources are largely unknown. We characterized the exposure of biota to uranium and co-occurring ore body elements during active ore production and at a site where ore production had recently concluded. Our results indicate that biota have taken up uranium and other elements (e.g., arsenic, cadmium, copper, molybdenum, uranium) from exposure to ore and surficial contamination, like blowing dust. Results indicate the potential for prolonged exposure to elements and radionuclides upon conclusion of active ore production. Mean radium-226 in deer mice was up to 4 times greater than uranium-234 and uranium-238 in those same samples; this may indicate a potential for, but does not necessarily imply, radium-226 toxicity. Soil screening benchmarks for uranium and molybdenum and other toxicity thresholds for arsenic, copper, selenium, uranium (e.g., growth effects) were exceeded in vegetation, invertebrates, and rodents (Peromyscus spp., Thomomys bottae, Tamias dorsalis, Dipodomys deserti). However, the prevalence and severity of microscopic lesions in rodent tissues (as direct evidence of biological effects of uptake and exposure) could not be definitively linked to mining. Our data indicate that land managers might consider factors like species, seasonal changes in environmental concentrations, and bioavailability, when determining mine permitting and remediation in the Grand Canyon watershed. Ultimately, our results will be useful for site-specific ecological risk analysis and can support future decisions regarding the mineral extraction withdrawal in the Grand Canyon watershed and elsewhere.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127908","usgsCitation":"Cleveland, D.M., Hinck, J.E., and Lankton, J.S., 2021, Elemental and radionuclide exposures and uptakes by small rodents, invertebrates, and vegetation at active and post-production uranium mines in the Grand Canyon watershed: Chemosphere, v. 263, Article: 127908, 15 p.; Data release, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127908.","productDescription":"Article: 127908, 15 p.; Data release","ipdsId":"IP-118076","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454487,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127908","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":378086,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":378184,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P94OVQO9","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Chemical analyses and histopathology of organisms and plants collected from breccia pipe uranium mine sites in the Grand Canyon watershed, 2015-2020"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.961181640625,\n 35.67514743608467\n ],\n [\n -111.02783203125,\n 35.67514743608467\n ],\n [\n -111.02783203125,\n 36.94989178681327\n ],\n [\n -113.961181640625,\n 36.94989178681327\n ],\n [\n -113.961181640625,\n 35.67514743608467\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"263","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cleveland, Danielle M. 0000-0003-3880-4584 dcleveland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3880-4584","contributorId":187471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleveland","given":"Danielle","email":"dcleveland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":797718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hinck, Jo Ellen 0000-0002-4912-5766 jhinck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4912-5766","contributorId":2743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinck","given":"Jo","email":"jhinck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ellen","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":797719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lankton, Julia S. 0000-0002-6843-4388 jlankton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6843-4388","contributorId":5888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lankton","given":"Julia","email":"jlankton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":797720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70214518,"text":"70214518 - 2021 - Movement of synthetic organic compounds in the food web after the introduction of invasive quagga mussels (Dreissena bugensis) in Lake Mead, Nevada and Arizona, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-30T13:58:19.509788","indexId":"70214518","displayToPublicDate":"2020-08-12T08:53:50","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Movement of synthetic organic compounds in the food web after the introduction of invasive quagga mussels (Dreissena bugensis) in Lake Mead, Nevada and Arizona, USA","docAbstract":"Introductions of dreissenid mussels in North America have been a significant concern over the last few decades. This study assessed the distribution of synthetic organic compounds (SOCs) in the food web of Lake Mead, Nevada/Arizona, USA and how this distribution was influenced by the introduction of invasive quagga mussels. A clear spatial gradient of SOC concentrations in water was observed between lake basins downstream of populated areas and more rural areas. Within the food web, trophic magnification factors (TMF) indicated statistically significant biomagnification for nine, and biodilution for two, of 22 SOCs examined. The highest value recorded was for PCB 118 (TMF, 5.14), and biomagnification of methyl triclosan (TMF, 3.85) was also apparent. Biodilution was observed for Tonalide® (0.06) and Galaxolide® (0.38). Total SOC concentration in quagga mussels was higher than in three pelagic fishes. Also, 19 of 20 SOC examined in Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides) had substantially lower concentrations in 2013, when quagga mussels had become well established, than in 2007/08, soon after quagga mussels were introduced. Estimates of SOC concentrations in the water column and quagga mussels suggest that a considerable portion (~10.5%) of the SOC mass in the lake has shifted from the pelagic to the benthic environments due to quagga mussel growth. These observations suggest that benthic species, such as the endangered Razorback Sucker, may be experiencing increased risk of SOC exposure. In addition, stable isotope analysis (carbon and nitrogen) indicated a decrease in the nutritional value of zooplankton to consumers (e.g., Razorback Sucker larvae) since quagga mussels became established. These changes could affect Razorback Sucker larval survival and recruitment. Results from this study strongly suggest that the introduction of quagga mussels has greatly altered the dynamics of SOCs and other processes in the food web of Lake Mead.
Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) is increasing, which increases leaf‐scale photosynthesis and intrinsic water‐use efficiency. These direct responses have the potential to increase plant growth, vegetation biomass, and soil organic matter; transferring carbon from the atmosphere into terrestrial ecosystems (a carbon sink). A substantial global terrestrial carbon sink would slow the rate of [CO2] increase and thus climate change. However, ecosystem CO2 responses are complex or confounded by concurrent changes in multiple agents of global change and evidence for a [CO2]‐driven terrestrial carbon sink can appear contradictory. Here we synthesize theory and broad, multidisciplinary evidence for the effects of increasing [CO2] (iCO2) on the global terrestrial carbon sink. Evidence suggests a substantial increase in global photosynthesis since pre‐industrial times. Established theory, supported by experiments, indicates that iCO2 is likely responsible for about half of the increase. Global carbon budgeting, atmospheric data, and forest inventories indicate a historical carbon sink, and these apparent iCO2 responses are high in comparison to experiments and predictions from theory. Plant mortality and soil carbon iCO2 responses are highly uncertain. In conclusion, a range of evidence supports a positive terrestrial carbon sink in response to iCO2, albeit with uncertain magnitude and strong suggestion of a role for additional agents of global change.
","language":"English","publisher":"New Phytologist Foundation","doi":"10.1111/nph.16866","usgsCitation":"Walker, A.P., De Kauwe, M.G., Bastos, A., Belmecheri, S., Georgiou, K., Keeling, R.F., McMahon, S.M., Medlyn, B.E., Moore, D.J., Norby, R.J., Zaehle, S., Anderson-Teixeira, K.J., Battipaglia, G., Brienen, R.J., Cabugao, K.G., Cailleret, M., Campbell, E., Canadell, J.G., Ciais, P., Craig, M.E., Ellsworth, D., Farquhar, G., Fatichi, S., Fisher, J.B., Frank, D.C., Graven, H., Gu, L., Haverd, V., Heilman, K.A., Heimann, M., Hungate, B.A., Iverson, C.M., Joos, F., Jiang, M., Keenan, T.F., Knauer, J., Korner, C., Leshyk, V.O., Leuzinger, S., Liu, Y., MacBean, N., Malhi, Y., McVicar, T.R., Penuelas, J., Pongratz, J., Powell, A.S., Riutta, T., Sabot, M.E., Schleucher, J., Sitch, S., Smith, W.K., Sulman, B.N., Taylor, B., Terrer, C., Torn, M.S., Treseder, K.K., Trugman, A.T., Trumbore, S., van Mantgem, P., Voelker, S.L., Whelan, M.E., and Zuidema., P.A., 2021, Integrating the evidence for a terrestrial carbon sink caused by increasing atmospheric CO2: New Phytologist, v. 229, no. 5, p. 2413-2445, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.16866.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"2413","endPage":"2445","ipdsId":"IP-117764","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454492,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.16866","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":380644,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"229","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-10-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walker, Anthony P. 0000-0003-0557-5594","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0557-5594","contributorId":167843,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walker","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":805243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"De Kauwe, Martin G 0000-0002-3399-9098","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3399-9098","contributorId":245046,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"De Kauwe","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"G","affiliations":[{"id":49061,"text":"ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052 Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":805244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bastos, Ana 0000-0002-7368-7806","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7368-7806","contributorId":245047,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bastos","given":"Ana","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":49063,"text":"Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Luisenstr. 37, Munich, 80333 Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":805245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Belmecheri, Soumaya 0000-0003-1258-2741","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1258-2741","contributorId":202418,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belmecheri","given":"Soumaya","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36425,"text":"Laboratory of Tree Ring Research, University of Arizona. Tucson, Arizona, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":805246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Georgiou, Katerina 0000-0002-2819-3292","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2819-3292","contributorId":167799,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Georgiou","given":"Katerina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":805247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Keeling, Ralph F. 0000-0002-9749-2253","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9749-2253","contributorId":92150,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keeling","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":805248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McMahon, Sean M. 0000-0001-8302-6908","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8302-6908","contributorId":197833,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McMahon","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":805249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Medlyn, Belinda E. 0000-0001-5728-9827","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5728-9827","contributorId":207946,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Medlyn","given":"Belinda","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":805250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Moore, David J P 0000-0002-6462-3288","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6462-3288","contributorId":245048,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moore","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J P","affiliations":[{"id":49065,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, 1064 East Lowell Street, Tucson, AZ, 85721 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Future reductions in snowpack may have contrasting consequences, as growth may respond positively in energy‐limited forests and negatively in water‐limited forests; however, these declines may be mitigated by reducing stand density through forest thinning.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/eap.2211","usgsCitation":"Gleason, K.E., Bradford, J., D’Amato, A.W., Fraver, S., Palik, B.J., and Battaglia, M.A., 2021, Forest density intensifies the importance of snowpack to growth in water-limited pine forests: Ecological Applications, v. 31, no. 1, e02211, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2211.","productDescription":"e02211, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-092237","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454503,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2211","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":377424,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-09-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gleason, Kelly Erika 0000-0001-5619-7568 kgleason@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5619-7568","contributorId":238040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gleason","given":"Kelly","email":"kgleason@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Erika","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":795903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradford, John B. 0000-0001-9257-6303","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-6303","contributorId":219257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"John B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":795904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"D’Amato, Anthony W.","contributorId":28140,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"D’Amato","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":6735,"text":"University of Vermont, Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":13478,"text":"Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota (Correspondence to: russellm@umn.edu)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":795905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fraver, Shawn","contributorId":91379,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fraver","given":"Shawn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7063,"text":"University of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":795906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Palik, Brian J.","contributorId":190301,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Palik","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":795907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Battaglia, Michael A.","contributorId":228827,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Battaglia","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":795908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70213321,"text":"70213321 - 2021 - Lake trout growth is sensitive to spring temperature in southwest Alaska lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-23T18:46:36.427896","indexId":"70213321","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-30T10:32:21","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1471,"text":"Ecology of Freshwater Fish","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lake trout growth is sensitive to spring temperature in southwest Alaska lakes","docAbstract":"In high‐latitude lakes, air temperature is an important driver of ice cover thickness and duration, which in turn influence water temperature and primary production supporting lake consumers and predators. In lieu of multidecadal observational records necessary to assess the response of lakes to long‐term warming, we used otolith‐based growth records from a long‐lived resident lake fish, lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), as a proxy for production. Lake trout were collected from seven deep, oligotrophic lakes in Lake Clark National Park and Preserve on in southwest Alaska that varied in the presence of marine‐derived nutrients (MDN) from anadromous sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). Linear mixed‐effects models were used to partition variation in lake trout growth by age and calendar‐year and model comparisons tested for a mean increase in lake trout growth with sockeye salmon presence. Year effects from the best mixed‐effects model were subsequently compared to indices of temperature, lake ice, and regional indices of sockeye salmon escapement. A strong positive correlation between annual lake trout growth and temperature suggested that warmer springs, earlier lake ice break‐up, and a longer ice‐free growing season increase lake trout growth via previously identified bottom‐up increases in production with warming. Accounting for differences in the presence or annual escapement of sockeye salmon with available data did not improve model fit. Collectively with other studies, the results suggest that productivity of subarctic lakes has benefitted from warming spring temperatures and that temperature can synchronise otolith growth across lakes with and without sockeye salmon MDN.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/eff.12566","usgsCitation":"von Biela, V.R., Black, B.A., Young, D.B., van der Sleen, P., Bartz, K.K., and Zimmerman, C.E., 2021, Lake trout growth is sensitive to spring temperature in southwest Alaska lakes: Ecology of Freshwater Fish, v. 30, no. 1, p. 88-99, https://doi.org/10.1111/eff.12566.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"88","endPage":"99","ipdsId":"IP-108517","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436679,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P92YV00Z","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Lake Trout Otolith Growth Increment Measurements, Lake Clark National Park and Preserve, Alaska, 1979-2012"},{"id":378510,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Lake Clark National Park and Preserve","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -154.852294921875,\n 59.58441353704829\n ],\n [\n -152.127685546875,\n 59.58441353704829\n ],\n [\n -152.127685546875,\n 61.59071955121135\n ],\n [\n -154.852294921875,\n 61.59071955121135\n ],\n [\n -154.852294921875,\n 59.58441353704829\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-07-30","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"von Biela, Vanessa R. 0000-0002-7139-5981 vvonbiela@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7139-5981","contributorId":3104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"von Biela","given":"Vanessa","email":"vvonbiela@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Black, Bryan A.","contributorId":68448,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Black","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12430,"text":"University of Texas at Austin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Young, Daniel","contributorId":58468,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Young","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[{"id":35763,"text":"National Park Service, Lake Clark National Park and Preserve, Port Alsworth, AK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"van der Sleen, Peter","contributorId":203860,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van der Sleen","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36731,"text":"University of Texas Marine Science Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bartz, Krista K.","contributorId":200705,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bartz","given":"Krista","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zimmerman, Christian E. 0000-0002-3646-0688 czimmerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3646-0688","contributorId":410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Christian","email":"czimmerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70211325,"text":"70211325 - 2021 - Amazon sediment transport and accumulation along the continuum of mixed fluvial and marine processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-18T22:59:16.372724","indexId":"70211325","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-24T10:33:59","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":811,"text":"Annual Review of Marine Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Amazon sediment transport and accumulation along the continuum of mixed fluvial and marine processes","docAbstract":"Sediment transfer from land to ocean begins in coastal settings and, for large rivers such as the Amazon, has dramatic impacts over thousands of kilometers covering diverse environmental conditions. In the relatively natural Amazon tidal river, combinations of fluvial and marine processes transition toward the ocean, affecting the transport and accumulation of sediment in floodplains and tributary mouths. The enormous discharge of Amazon fresh water causes estuarine processes to occur on the continental shelf, where much sediment accumulation creates a large clinoform structure and where additional sediment accumulates along its shoreward boundary in tidal flats and mangrove forests. Some remaining Amazon sediment is transported beyond the region near the river mouth, and fluvial forces on it diminish. Numerous perturbations to Amazon sediment transport and accumulation occur naturally, but human actions will likely dominate future change and now is the time to document, understand, and mitigate their impacts.","language":"English","publisher":"Annual Reviews","doi":"10.1146/annurev-marine-010816-060457","usgsCitation":"Nittrouer, C.A., DeMaster, D.J., Kuehl, S., Figueiredo, A.G., Sternberg, R., Faria, L.E., Silveira, O.M., Allison, M.A., Kineke, G.C., Ogston, A.S., Souza Filho, P., Asp, N.E., Nowacki, D.J., and Fricke, A.T., 2021, Amazon sediment transport and accumulation along the continuum of mixed fluvial and marine processes: Annual Review of Marine Science, v. 13, p. 501-536, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-010816-060457.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"501","endPage":"536","ipdsId":"IP-117404","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454507,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-010816-060457","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":376687,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Brazil","otherGeospatial":"Amazon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -54.4921875,\n -2.1967272417616583\n ],\n [\n -47.724609375,\n -2.1967272417616583\n ],\n [\n -47.724609375,\n 1.5818302639606454\n ],\n [\n -54.4921875,\n 1.5818302639606454\n ],\n [\n -54.4921875,\n -2.1967272417616583\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nittrouer, Charles A.","contributorId":51218,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nittrouer","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13553,"text":"University of Washington-Seattle","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":793785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeMaster, David J.","contributorId":229655,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeMaster","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":793786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuehl, Steven A.","contributorId":229656,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kuehl","given":"Steven A.","affiliations":[{"id":6708,"text":"Virginia Institute of Marine Science","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":793787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Figueiredo, Alberto G.","contributorId":229657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Figueiredo","given":"Alberto","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":41699,"text":"Universidade Federal Fluminense","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":793788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sternberg, Richard W.","contributorId":229658,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sternberg","given":"Richard W.","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":793789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Faria, L. Ercilio C.","contributorId":229659,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Faria","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ercilio C.","affiliations":[{"id":41700,"text":"Universidade Federal do Pará","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":793790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Silveira, Odete M.","contributorId":229660,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Silveira","given":"Odete","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":41700,"text":"Universidade Federal do Pará","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":793791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Allison, Meade A.","contributorId":229661,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allison","given":"Meade","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13500,"text":"Tulane University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":793792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kineke, Gail C.","contributorId":229662,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kineke","given":"Gail","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13422,"text":"Boston College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":793793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Ogston, Andrea S.","contributorId":229663,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ogston","given":"Andrea","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":793794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Souza Filho, Pedro W.M.","contributorId":229664,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Souza Filho","given":"Pedro W.M.","affiliations":[{"id":41701,"text":"Instituto Technológico Vale","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":793795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Asp, Nils E.","contributorId":229665,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Asp","given":"Nils","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":41700,"text":"Universidade Federal do Pará","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":793796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Nowacki, Daniel J. 0000-0002-7015-3710 dnowacki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7015-3710","contributorId":174586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowacki","given":"Daniel","email":"dnowacki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":793797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Fricke, Aaron T.","contributorId":229666,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fricke","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":793798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70216198,"text":"70216198 - 2021 - Validation of the model-predicted spawning area of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella in the Sandusky River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-19T16:30:04.172544","indexId":"70216198","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-23T07:05:41","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Validation of the model-predicted spawning area of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella in the Sandusky River","title":"Validation of the model-predicted spawning area of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella in the Sandusky River","docAbstract":"Spawning of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella, in the Great Lakes basin was verified when eight fertilized eggs were collected in the Sandusky River, a tributary to Lake Erie, in 2015. Using a fluvial drift model (FluEgg) and simulation modeling, researchers predicted the fertilization location for those eggs was 3.8 ± 1 km (95% credible interval, CI) downstream of Ballville Dam. In June 2018, simultaneous collection of fertilized eggs and adults within the model-predicted spawning area provided the opportunity to verify the fertilization location. We used estimated developmental time (Dt) of eggs calculated from developmental stages, water temperature, and an equation that predicts Dt from cumulative thermal units experienced by developing eggs, in two analyses. First, we regressed Dt versus location of capture and solved that equation for developmental time of 0 hrs (Dt0) to estimate fertilization location. Second, we used Dt in the Fluvial Drift Simulator (FluEgg) to simulate 23 scenarios representative of drift conditions throughout the spawning event using the model-predicted spawning area and the site of Ballville Dam as potential spawning locations. Regression analysis placed the mean fertilization location 3.36 km (95% CI 2.27, 4.24) downstream of the site of Ballville Dam, within the model-predicted spawning area. Drift models demonstrated the model-predicted spawning area was best supported. Histograms of fertilization times overlapped with capture times by boat electrofishing of diploid adult grass carp in the model-predicted spawning area. This suite of analyses confirms the model-predicted spawning area and validates the methodology used to locate it.
Widespread invasion by non-native, submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) may modify the sediment budget of an estuary, reducing the availability of inorganic sediment required by marshes to maintain their position in the tidal frame. The instantaneous trapping rate of suspended sediment in SAV patches in an estuary has not previously been quantified via field observations. In this study, flows of water and suspended sediment through patches of invasive SAV were measured at three tidally forced, freshwater sites, all located within the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta in California. An acoustic Doppler current profiler deployed from a roving vessel provided velocity and backscatter data used to quantify fluxes of both water and suspended sediment. Sediment trapping efficiency, defined as instantaneous net trapped flux divided by incident flux, was positive in 24 of 29 cases, averaging + 5%. Coupled with 3 years of measured sediment flux data at one site, this suggests that trapping averages 3.7 kg m−2 year−1. This estimate compares favorably with the mean mass accumulation rate of 3.8 kg m−2 year−1 estimated from dated sediment cores collected at the study sites. Long-term measurements made upstream reveal a strong negative trend (− 1.8% year−1) in suspended sediment concentration, and intra-annual changes in both suspended sediment concentration and percent fines. The large footprint and high spatial density of invasive SAV coupled with declining sediment supply are diminishing downstream suspended sediment concentrations, potentially reducing the resiliency of marshes in the Delta and lower estuary to future sea-level rise.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12237-020-00799-w","usgsCitation":"Work, P.A., Downing-Kunz, M.A., and Drexler, J.Z., 2021, Trapping of suspended sediment by submerged aquatic vegetation in a tidal freshwater region: Field observations and long-term trends: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 44, p. 734-739, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-020-00799-w.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"734","endPage":"739","ipdsId":"IP-114567","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":376440,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.32177734375,\n 37.60117623656667\n ],\n [\n -121.17919921875001,\n 37.60117623656667\n ],\n [\n -121.17919921875001,\n 38.543869175876154\n ],\n [\n -122.32177734375,\n 38.543869175876154\n ],\n [\n -122.32177734375,\n 37.60117623656667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"44","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-07-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Work, Paul A. 0000-0002-2815-8040 pwork@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2815-8040","contributorId":168561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Work","given":"Paul","email":"pwork@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Downing-Kunz, Maureen A. 0000-0002-4879-0318 mdowning-kunz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4879-0318","contributorId":3690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downing-Kunz","given":"Maureen","email":"mdowning-kunz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Drexler, Judith Z. 0000-0002-0127-3866 jdrexler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0127-3866","contributorId":167492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drexler","given":"Judith","email":"jdrexler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70216800,"text":"70216800 - 2021 - Food web fuel differs across habitats and seasons of a tidal freshwater estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-30T14:47:27.113856","indexId":"70216800","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-11T09:28:57","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Food web fuel differs across habitats and seasons of a tidal freshwater estuary","docAbstract":"Estuarine food webs are fueled by multiple different primary producers. However, identifying the relative importance of each producer to consumers is difficult, particularly for fishes that utilize multiple food sources due to both their mobility and their generally high trophic levels. Previous studies have documented broad spatial differences in the importance of primary producers to fishes within the Upper San Francisco Estuary, California, including separation between pelagic and littoral food webs. In this study, we evaluated the importance of primary producers to adult fishes in three closely spaced subregions that represented disparate habitat types (a tidal wetland channel, a turbid backwater channel, and a deep open-water channel), each a potential outcome of local restoration projects. Using stable isotope analysis coupled with a Bayesian mixing model, we identified significant differences in primary-producer contribution to fishes and invertebrates across habitats and seasons, especially in the relative contribution of submersed aquatic vegetation and phytoplankton. Most fishes utilized multiple primary producers and showed little segregation between pelagic and littoral food webs among habitats. Availability of primary producers differs seasonally and across multiple spatial scales, helping to buffer environmental variability and thus enhancing food web resilience. Ecosystem restoration may improve with emphasis on restoring a wide variety of primary producers to support consumers.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12237-020-00762-9","usgsCitation":"Young, M.J., Howe, E.R., O’Rear, T., Berridge, K., and Moyle, P.B., 2021, Food web fuel differs across habitats and seasons of a tidal freshwater estuary: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 44, p. 286-301, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-020-00762-9.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"286","endPage":"301","ipdsId":"IP-107933","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454518,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-020-00762-9","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":381104,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, Upper San Francisco Estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.80782318115233,\n 38.226314067139185\n ],\n [\n -121.67770385742186,\n 38.226314067139185\n ],\n [\n -121.67770385742186,\n 38.32011084501538\n ],\n [\n -121.80782318115233,\n 38.32011084501538\n ],\n [\n -121.80782318115233,\n 38.226314067139185\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"44","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-07-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Young, Matthew J. 0000-0001-9306-6866 mjyoung@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9306-6866","contributorId":206255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Matthew","email":"mjyoung@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":806323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Howe, Emily R.","contributorId":177088,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Howe","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":17978,"text":"School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":806324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Rear, Teejay","contributorId":245510,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Rear","given":"Teejay","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":49210,"text":"Univ. of California, Davis, Center for Watershed Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":806325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Berridge, Kathleen","contributorId":245511,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Berridge","given":"Kathleen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":49211,"text":"Univ. of California, Davis, Center for Watershed Sci. AND Environmental Science Associates","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":806326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moyle, Peter B.","contributorId":117099,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moyle","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":806327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}