{"pageNumber":"2170","pageRowStart":"54225","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184615,"records":[{"id":80977,"text":"ofr20081093 - 2008 - Investigation of organic chemicals potentially responsible for mortality and intersex in fish of the North Fork of the Shenandoah River, Virginia, during Spring of 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-20T12:25:24","indexId":"ofr20081093","displayToPublicDate":"2008-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1093","title":"Investigation of organic chemicals potentially responsible for mortality and intersex in fish of the North Fork of the Shenandoah River, Virginia, during Spring of 2007","docAbstract":"Declining fish health, fish exhibiting external lesions, incidences of intersex, and death, have been observed recently within the Potomac River basin. The basin receives surface runoff and direct inputs from agricultural, industrial, and other human activities. Two locations on the North Fork of the Shenandoah River were selected for study in an attempt to identify chemicals that may have contributed to the declining fish health. Two passive sampling devices, semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) and polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS), were deployed during consecutive two-month periods during the spring and early summer of 2007 to measure select organic contaminants to which fish may have been exposed. This study determined that concentrations of persistent hydrophobic contaminants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (< picograms per liter), legacy pesticides (<10 picograms per liter), and polychlorinated biphenyls (<280 picograms per liter) were low and indicative of a largely agricultural area. Atrazine and simazine were the most commonly detected pesticides. Atrazine concentrations ranged from 68 to 170 nanograms per liter for the March to April study period and 320 to 650 nanograms per liter for the April to June study period. Few chemicals characteristic of wastewater treatment plant effluent or septic tank discharges were identified. In contrast, para-cresol, N,N-diethyltoluamide, and caffeine commonly were detected. Prescription pharmaceuticals including carbamazepine, venlafaxine, and 17a-ethynylestradiol were at low concentrations. Extracts from the passive samplers also were screened for the presence of estrogenic chemicals using the yeast estrogen screen. An estrogenic response was observed in POCIS samples from both sites, whereas SPMD samples exhibited little to no estrogenicity. This indicates that the chemicals producing the estrogenic response have a greater water solubility and are, therefore, less likely to bioaccumulate in fatty tissues of organisms.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081093","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Friends of the North Fork of the Shenandoah River","usgsCitation":"Alvarez, D., Cranor, W.L., Perkins, S.D., Schroeder, V., Werner, S., Furlong, E.T., and Holmes, J., 2008, Investigation of organic chemicals potentially responsible for mortality and intersex in fish of the North Fork of the Shenandoah River, Virginia, during Spring of 2007: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1093, iv, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081093.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p.","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195264,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10838,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1093/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.75,36.5 ], [ -83.75,39.5 ], [ -75.75,39.5 ], [ -75.75,36.5 ], [ -83.75,36.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48b1e4b07f02db5303ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alvarez, David A.","contributorId":72755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez","given":"David A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cranor, Walter L.","contributorId":21653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cranor","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":294029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Perkins, Stephanie D. sperkins@usgs.gov","contributorId":2745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"Stephanie","email":"sperkins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":294027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schroeder, Vickie L.","contributorId":8574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroeder","given":"Vickie L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Werner, Stephen","contributorId":92357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werner","given":"Stephen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Holmes, John","contributorId":88442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":80970,"text":"ofr20081090 - 2008 - Chemical Results of Laboratory Dry/Rewet Experiments Conducted on Wetland Soils from Two Sites in the Everglades, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:31","indexId":"ofr20081090","displayToPublicDate":"2008-02-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1090","title":"Chemical Results of Laboratory Dry/Rewet Experiments Conducted on Wetland Soils from Two Sites in the Everglades, Florida","docAbstract":"Drought and fire are natural environmental factors that have historically impacted and shaped the Everglades ecosystem. For example, drought and fire help to maintain the existing ecosystem biotic assemblage by periodically eradicating invading flora not adapted to living with this normal aspect of Everglades' ecology. Flora native to the Everglades are adapted to withstand normal drought cycles and all but the most intense fire conditions that burn into the peat substrate. Remobilization of nutrients and other elements from wetland soil following drought/fire and rewetting may actually stimulate plant re-growth, assisting in the recovery of the ecosystem from these events, and play a role in maintaining the geochemical balance of the ecosystem.\r\n\r\nAlthough drought/fire cycles occur naturally in the Everglades' ecosystem, the frequency, intensity, and duration of these events have been altered by anthropogenic activities. The hydrology of the ecosystem has been changed by the construction of water management structures starting around 1900 and continuing through the 1970s. These structures include canals, levees, and pumping stations around Lake Okeechobee and within the Everglades. In addition, water management practices have preferentially moved water toward agricultural and urban areas and away from the Everglades during periods of low rainfall. One result of these practices has been more severe drought and fire cycles within the ecosystem compared to pre-development activity. A major goal of restoration efforts in the Everglades is to restore a more natural flow of water into the ecosystem to alleviate some of the extreme drought and fire conditions witnessed during the past several decades.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081090","usgsCitation":"Orem, W.H., 2008, Chemical Results of Laboratory Dry/Rewet Experiments Conducted on Wetland Soils from Two Sites in the Everglades, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1090, iii, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081090.","productDescription":"iii, 22 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195190,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10830,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1090/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4ba4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Orem, William H. 0000-0003-4990-0539 borem@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orem","given":"William","email":"borem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":80963,"text":"fs20083010 - 2008 - A New Method for Mapping Population Distribution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:26","indexId":"fs20083010","displayToPublicDate":"2008-02-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-3010","title":"A New Method for Mapping Population Distribution","docAbstract":"Human population counts are collected and commonly displayed uniformly across areas, such as U.S. Census Bureau block-groups and tracts. The limitation inherent in this type of representation is the assumption that people are evenly distributed across each areal unit, when in actuality many areas such as parks, open spaces, and industrial zones are uninhabited. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has developed a geospatial tool that uses a 'dasymetric' mapping method to redistribute census population values to homogenous, inhabited, zones, enhancing visualization and accuracy.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs20083010","usgsCitation":"Sleeter, R., 2008, A New Method for Mapping Population Distribution (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2008-3010, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20083010.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":294,"text":"Geography","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121190,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2008_3010.jpg"},{"id":10825,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3010/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd495ee4b0b290850ef1b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sleeter, Rachel 0000-0003-3477-0436 rsleeter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3477-0436","contributorId":666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sleeter","given":"Rachel","email":"rsleeter@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":80964,"text":"ofr20081001 - 2008 - Preliminary integrated geologic map databases for the United States: Digital data for the reconnaissance geologic map for the Kuskokwim Bay region of southwest Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-21T16:55:28.838765","indexId":"ofr20081001","displayToPublicDate":"2008-02-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1001","title":"Preliminary integrated geologic map databases for the United States: Digital data for the reconnaissance geologic map for the Kuskokwim Bay region of southwest Alaska","docAbstract":"INTRODUCTION\r\n\r\nThe growth in the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) has highlighted the need for digital geologic maps that have been attributed with information about age and lithology. Such maps can be conveniently used to generate derivative maps for manifold special purposes such as mineral-resource assessment, metallogenic studies, tectonic studies, and environmental research. This report is part of a series of integrated geologic map databases that cover the entire United States.\r\n\r\nThree national-scale geologic maps that portray most or all of the United States already exist; for the conterminous U.S., King and Beikman (1974a,b) compiled a map at a scale of 1:2,500,000, Beikman (1980) compiled a map for Alaska at 1:2,500,000 scale, and for the entire U.S., Reed and others (2005a,b) compiled a map at a scale of 1:5,000,000. A digital version of the King and Beikman map was published by Schruben and others (1994). Reed and Bush (2004) produced a digital version of the Reed and others (2005a) map for the conterminous U.S. The present series of maps is intended to provide the next step in increased detail. State geologic maps that range in scale from 1:100,000 to 1:1,000,000 are available for most of the country, and digital versions of these state maps are the basis of this product.\r\n\r\nThe digital geologic maps presented here are in a standardized format as ARC/INFO export files and as ArcView shape files. Data tables that relate the map units to detailed lithologic and age information accompany these GIS files. The map is delivered as a set 1:250,000-scale quadrangle files. To the best of our ability, these quadrangle files are edge-matched with respect to geology. When the maps are merged, the combined attribute tables can be used directly with the merged maps to make derivative maps.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081001","usgsCitation":"2008, Preliminary integrated geologic map databases for the United States: Digital data for the reconnaissance geologic map for the Kuskokwim Bay region of southwest Alaska (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1001, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081001.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":658,"text":"Western Mineral Resources","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":10826,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1001/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":389243,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_83327.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195429,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kuskokwim Bay Region","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -174,56.4 ], [ -174,61 ], [ -158,61 ], [ -158,56.4 ], [ -174,56.4 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d648","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Wilson, Frederic H. 0000-0003-1761-6437 fwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1761-6437","contributorId":67174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Frederic","email":"fwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697567,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hults, Chad P. chults@usgs.gov","contributorId":1930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hults","given":"Chad","email":"chults@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697568,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mohadjer, Solmaz","contributorId":61518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mohadjer","given":"Solmaz","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697569,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coonrad, Warren L.","contributorId":47481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coonrad","given":"Warren","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697570,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shew, Nora B. 0000-0003-0025-7220 nshew@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0025-7220","contributorId":3382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shew","given":"Nora","email":"nshew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697571,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":5},{"text":"Labay, Keith A. 0000-0002-6763-3190 klabay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6763-3190","contributorId":2097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Labay","given":"Keith A.","email":"klabay@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":697572,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":80967,"text":"ofr20081002 - 2008 - Preliminary integrated geologic map databases for the United States: Digital data for the reconnaissance geologic map for Prince William Sound and the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-21T16:53:46.983521","indexId":"ofr20081002","displayToPublicDate":"2008-02-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1002","title":"Preliminary integrated geologic map databases for the United States: Digital data for the reconnaissance geologic map for Prince William Sound and the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>The growth in the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) has highlighted the need for digital geologic maps that have been attributed with information about age and lithology. Such maps can be conveniently used to generate derivative maps for manifold special purposes such as mineral-resource assessment, metallogenic studies, tectonic studies, and environmental research. This report is part of a series of integrated geologic map databases that cover the entire United States. Three national-scale geologic maps that portray most or all of the United States already exist; for the conterminous U.S., King and Beikman (1974a,b) compiled a map at a scale of 1:2,500,000, Beikman (1980) compiled a map for Alaska at 1:2,500,000 scale, and for the entire U.S., Reed and others (2005a,b) compiled a map at a scale of 1:5,000,000. A digital version of the King and Beikman map was published by Schruben and others (1994). Reed and Bush (2004) produced a digital version of the Reed and others (2005a) map for the conterminous U.S. The present series of maps is intended to provide the next step in increased detail. State geologic maps that range in scale from 1:100,000 to 1:1,000,000 are available for most of the country, and digital versions of these state maps are the basis of this product. The digital geologic maps presented here are in a standardized format as ARC/INFO export files and as ArcView shape files. The files named __geol contain geologic polygons and line (contact) attributes; files named __fold contain fold axes; files named __lin contain lineaments; and files named __dike contain dikes as lines. Data tables that relate the map units to detailed lithologic and age information accompany these GIS files. The map is delivered as a set 1:250,000-scale quadrangle files. To the best of our ability, these quadrangle files are edge-matched with respect to geology. When the maps are merged, the combined attribute tables can be used directly with the merged maps to make derivative maps.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081002","usgsCitation":"2008, Preliminary integrated geologic map databases for the United States: Digital data for the reconnaissance geologic map for Prince William Sound and the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1002, ReadMe: 22 p.; Data Files; Map; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081002.","productDescription":"ReadMe: 22 p.; Data Files; Map; Metadata","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":658,"text":"Western Mineral Resources","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195555,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10827,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1002/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":420174,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_83328.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kenai Peninsula, Prince William Sound","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -153,59 ], [ -153,61 ], [ -144,61 ], [ -144,59 ], [ -153,59 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d647","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Wilson, Frederic H. 0000-0003-1761-6437 fwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1761-6437","contributorId":67174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Frederic","email":"fwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697573,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hults, Chad P. chults@usgs.gov","contributorId":1930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hults","given":"Chad","email":"chults@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697574,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":2},{"text":"Labay, Keith A. 0000-0002-6763-3190 klabay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6763-3190","contributorId":2097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Labay","given":"Keith A.","email":"klabay@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":697575,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shew, Nora B. 0000-0003-0025-7220 nshew@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0025-7220","contributorId":3382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shew","given":"Nora","email":"nshew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697576,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":80962,"text":"sir20075216 - 2008 - Estimating Water Fluxes Across the Sediment-Water Interface in the Lower Merced River, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:47","indexId":"sir20075216","displayToPublicDate":"2008-02-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5216","title":"Estimating Water Fluxes Across the Sediment-Water Interface in the Lower Merced River, California","docAbstract":"The lower Merced River Basin was chosen by the U.S. Geological Survey?s (USGS) National Water Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA) to be included in a national study on how hydrological processes and agricultural practices interact to affect the transport and fate of agricultural chemicals. As part of this effort, surface-water?ground-water (sw?gw) interactions were studied in an instrumented 100-m reach on the lower Merced River. This study focused on estimating vertical rates of exchange across the sediment?water interface by direct measurement using seepage meters and by using temperature as a tracer coupled with numerical modeling. Temperature loggers and pressure transducers were placed in monitoring wells within the streambed and in the river to continuously monitor temperature and hydraulic head every 15 minutes from March 2004 to October 2005. One-dimensional modeling of heat and water flow was used to interpret the temperature and head observations and deduce the sw?gw fluxes using the USGS numerical model, VS2DH, which simulates variably saturated water flow and solves the energy transport equation. Results of the modeling effort indicate that the Merced River at the study reach is generally a slightly gaining stream with small head differences (cm) between the surface water and ground water, with flow reversals occurring during high streamflow events. The average vertical flux across the sediment?water interface was 0.4?2.2 cm/day, and the range of hydraulic conductivities was 1?10 m/day. Seepage meters generally failed to provide accurate data in this high-energy system because of slow seepage rates and a moving streambed resulting in scour or burial of the seepage meters. Estimates of streambed hydraulic conductivity were also made using grain-size analysis and slug tests. Estimated hydraulic conductivity for the upstream transect determined using slug tests ranged from 40 to 250 m/day, whereas the downstream transect ranged from 10 to 100 m/day. The range in variability was a result of position along each transect. A relative percent difference was used to describe the variability in estimates of hydraulic conductivity by grain-size analysis and slug test. Variability in applied methods at the upstream transect ranged from 0 to 9 percent, whereas the downstream transect showed greater variability, with a range of 80 to 133 percent.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20075216","usgsCitation":"Zamora, C., 2008, Estimating Water Fluxes Across the Sediment-Water Interface in the Lower Merced River, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5216, x, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075216.","productDescription":"x, 48 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195379,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10824,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5216/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121,37.333333333333336 ], [ -121,37.68333333333333 ], [ -120.25,37.68333333333333 ], [ -120.25,37.333333333333336 ], [ -121,37.333333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686588","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zamora, Celia 0000-0003-1456-4360 czamora@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1456-4360","contributorId":1514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zamora","given":"Celia","email":"czamora@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":80969,"text":"sim3003 - 2008 - Potentiometric Surface of the Ozark Aquifer near Springfield, Missouri, 2006-07","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:48","indexId":"sim3003","displayToPublicDate":"2008-02-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3003","title":"Potentiometric Surface of the Ozark Aquifer near Springfield, Missouri, 2006-07","docAbstract":"INTRODUCTION\r\n\r\nA study of the water resources of the Springfield, Missouri, area in the 1970s determined that a cone of depression, formed by ground-water pumping, had developed in the Ozark aquifer beneath the city (Emmett and others, 1978). Continued ground-water usage in the 1970s and 1980s caused concern that ground-water resources would not be sufficient to meet the future needs of Springfield, Missouri, during periods of drought. As a result, a ground-water flow model of the Springfield area was developed by the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) to assess the future role of ground water as a water source for the area (Imes, 1989). Results of the USGS model led to a decision by the City Utilities of Springfield to primarily rely on surface water from Stockton Lake as a source of city drinking water. Municipal and industrial ground-water usage continues in Springfield, but at lower rates than previously experienced (Jim Vandike, Missouri Department of Natural Resources, written commun., 2007).\r\n\r\nRapid growth in the area has caused commercial, industrial, and domestic water use to increase. Population growth has been especially rapid in Nixa, Ozark, and Republic, and water use in the vicinity of these cities has grown an estimated 39 percent since 1990 (Dintelmann and others, 2006). Unlike Springfield, ground water is the primary source of water for these cities. The increased stress on the Ozark aquifer, the primary aquifer in the study area, has raised new concerns about possible further water-level declines in the areas of increased ground-water use. Although there continues to be new development in the Ozark aquifer, since 1987 no new water-supply wells that produce water from the Springfield Plateau aquifer have been allowed to be constructed in most of Greene and northern Christian counties (Jim Vandike, Missouri Department of Natural Resources, written commun., 2007). There is concern that if the potentiometric surface of the Ozark aquifer continues to decline, increased leakage of contaminants into the Ozark aquifer from the overlying Springfield Plateau aquifer could occur (Jim Vandike, Missouri Department of Natural Resources, written commun., 2007). To address this concern, the USGS, in cooperation with Greene County, Missouri, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and the Missouri Department of Natural Resources, constructed a map of the potentiometric surface of the Ozark aquifer for 2006?2007. The map can be compared to previously constructed potentiometric-surface maps by Emmett and others (1978) and Imes (1989) to evaluate changes in ground-water flow directions, but the comparison is beyond the scope of this report.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sim3003","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Greene County, Missouri, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and the Missouri Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Richards, J.M., and Mugel, D.N., 2008, Potentiometric Surface of the Ozark Aquifer near Springfield, Missouri, 2006-07: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3003, Map Sheet: 18 x 24 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3003.","productDescription":"Map Sheet: 18 x 24 inches","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110766,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_83329.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"83329"},{"id":10829,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3003/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195075,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -93.83333333333333,36.75 ], [ -93.83333333333333,37.583333333333336 ], [ -92.66666666666667,37.583333333333336 ], [ -92.66666666666667,36.75 ], [ -93.83333333333333,36.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bfab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richards, Joseph M. 0000-0002-9822-2706 richards@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9822-2706","contributorId":2370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards","given":"Joseph","email":"richards@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mugel, Douglas N. dmugel@usgs.gov","contributorId":290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mugel","given":"Douglas","email":"dmugel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70209650,"text":"70209650 - 2008 - Increasing eolian dust deposition in the western United States linked to human activity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-17T15:56:34.454435","indexId":"70209650","displayToPublicDate":"2008-02-24T10:43:32","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2845,"text":"Nature Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Increasing eolian dust deposition in the western United States linked to human activity","docAbstract":"<p><span>Mineral aerosols from dust are an important influence on climate and on marine and terrestrial biogeochemical cycles. These aerosols are generated from wind erosion of surface soils. The amount of dust emission can therefore be affected by human activities that alter surface sediments. However, changes in regional- and global-scale dust fluxes following the rapid expansion of human populations and settlements over the past two centuries are not well understood. Here we determine the accumulation rates and geochemical properties of alpine lake sediments from the western interior United States for the past 5,000&nbsp;years. We find that dust load levels increased by 500% above the late Holocene average following the increased western settlement of the United States during the nineteenth century. We suggest that the increased dust deposition is caused by the expansion of livestock grazing in the early twentieth century. The larger dust flux, which persists into the early twenty-first century, results in a more than fivefold increase in inputs of K, Mg, Ca, N and P to the alpine ecosystems, with implications for surface-water alkalinity, aquatic productivity and terrestrial nutrient&nbsp;cycling.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/ngeo133","usgsCitation":"Neff, J.C., Ballantyne, A.P., Farmer, G.L., Mahowald, N., Landry, C.C., Overpeck, J., Painter, T.H., Lawrence, C.R., and Reynolds, R.L., 2008, Increasing eolian dust deposition in the western United States linked to human activity: Nature Geoscience, v. 1, p. 189-195, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo133.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"189","endPage":"195","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374093,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"San Juan Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -108.65203857421875,\n              37.05956083025126\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.98873901367188,\n              37.05956083025126\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.98873901367188,\n              37.63489742852906\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.65203857421875,\n              37.63489742852906\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.65203857421875,\n              37.05956083025126\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-02-24","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neff, J. C.","contributorId":29935,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ballantyne, A. P.","contributorId":224215,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ballantyne","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Farmer, G. L.","contributorId":97251,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farmer","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mahowald, N. M.","contributorId":22964,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mahowald","given":"N. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Landry, C. C.","contributorId":108352,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Landry","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Overpeck, J. T.","contributorId":60923,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Overpeck","given":"J. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Painter, T. H.","contributorId":98070,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Painter","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lawrence, C. R.","contributorId":224214,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lawrence","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Reynolds, Richard L. 0000-0002-4572-2942 rreynolds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4572-2942","contributorId":139068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Richard","email":"rreynolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":787387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70237331,"text":"70237331 - 2008 - Mining impacts on fish in the Clark Fork River, Montana: A field ecotoxicology case study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-07T15:09:22.460177","indexId":"70237331","displayToPublicDate":"2008-02-24T09:56:06","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"19","title":"Mining impacts on fish in the Clark Fork River, Montana: A field ecotoxicology case study","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The toxicology of fishes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","usgsCitation":"Luoma, S.N., Moore, J.N., Farag, A., Hillman, T.H., Cain, D.J., and Hornberger, M.I., 2008, Mining impacts on fish in the Clark Fork River, Montana: A field ecotoxicology case study, chap. 19 <i>of</i> The toxicology of fishes, p. 779-804.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"779","endPage":"804","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":408087,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Clark Fork River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.34069824218749,\n              46.10751733820335\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.6151123046875,\n              46.912750956378915\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.45556640625,\n              47.264320080254805\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.9774169921875,\n              47.68757916850813\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.08154296875001,\n              48.21003212234042\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.25183105468751,\n              48.100094697973795\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.9169921875,\n              47.26059219342468\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.19189453125,\n              46.79253827035982\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.170166015625,\n              45.92822950933618\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.48901367187499,\n              45.82879925192134\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.34069824218749,\n              46.10751733820335\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Di Giulio, Richard T.","contributorId":194448,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Di Giulio","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":854157,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hinton, David E.","contributorId":193136,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hinton","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":854158,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":854151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, Johnnie N","contributorId":289527,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moore","given":"Johnnie","email":"","middleInitial":"N","affiliations":[{"id":62170,"text":"Group for Quantitative Study of Snow and Ice, Department of Geosciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":854152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Farag, Aida 0000-0003-4247-6763 aida_farag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-6763","contributorId":200690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farag","given":"Aida","email":"aida_farag@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":854153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hillman, Tracy H.","contributorId":297441,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hillman","given":"Tracy","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":854154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cain, Daniel J. 0000-0002-3443-0493 djcain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3443-0493","contributorId":1784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"Daniel","email":"djcain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":854155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hornberger, Michelle I. 0000-0002-7787-3446 mhornber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7787-3446","contributorId":1037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornberger","given":"Michelle","email":"mhornber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":854156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":80954,"text":"sir20075212 - 2008 - Real-Time and Delayed Analysis of Tree and Shrub Cores as Indicators of Subsurface Volatile Organic Compound Contamination, Durham Meadows Superfund Site, Durham, Connecticut, August 29, 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:22","indexId":"sir20075212","displayToPublicDate":"2008-02-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5212","title":"Real-Time and Delayed Analysis of Tree and Shrub Cores as Indicators of Subsurface Volatile Organic Compound Contamination, Durham Meadows Superfund Site, Durham, Connecticut, August 29, 2006","docAbstract":"This study examined volatile organic compound concentrations in cores from trees and shrubs for use as indicators of vadose-zone contamination or potential vapor intrusion by volatile organic compounds into buildings at the Durham Meadows Superfund Site, Durham, Connecticut. The study used both (1) real-time tree- and shrub-core analysis, which involved field heating the core samples for 5 to 10 minutes prior to field analysis, and (2) delayed analysis, which involved allowing the gases in the cores to equilibrate with the headspace gas in the sample vials unheated for 1 to 2 days prior to analysis. General correspondence was found between the two approaches, indicating that preheating and field analysis of vegetation cores is a viable approach to real-time monitoring of subsurface volatile organic compounds. In most cases, volatile organic compounds in cores from trees and shrubs at the Merriam Manufacturing Company property showed a general correspondence to the distribution of volatile organic compounds detected in a soil-gas survey, despite the fact that most of the soil-gas survey data in close proximity to the relevant trees were collected about 3 years prior to the tree-core collection. Most of the trees cored at the Durham Meadows Superfund Site, outside of the Merriam Manufacturing Company property, contained no volatile organic compounds and were in areas where indoor air sampling and soil-gas sampling showed little or no volatile organic compound concentrations. An exception was tree DM11, which contained barely detectable concentrations of trichloroethene near a house where previous investigations found low concentrations of trichloroethene (0.13 to 1.2 parts per billion by volume) in indoor air and 7.7 micrograms per liter of trichloroethene in the ground water. The barely detectable concentration of trichloroethene in tree DM11 and the lack of volatile organic compound detection in nearby tree DM10 (adjacent to the well having 7.7 micrograms of trichloroethene) may be attributable to the relatively large depth to water (17.6 feet), the relatively low soil-vapor trichloroethene concentration, and the large amount of rainfall during and preceding the tree-coring event. The data indicate that real-time and delayed analyses of tree cores are viable approaches to examining subsurface volatile organic compound soil-gas or vadose-zone contamination at the Durham Meadows Superfund Site and other similar sites. Thus, the methods may have application for determining the potential for vapor intrusion into buildings.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20075212","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Vroblesky, D.A., Willey, R.E., Clifford, S., and Murphy, J.J., 2008, Real-Time and Delayed Analysis of Tree and Shrub Cores as Indicators of Subsurface Volatile Organic Compound Contamination, Durham Meadows Superfund Site, Durham, Connecticut, August 29, 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5212, iv, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075212.","productDescription":"iv, 13 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-08-29","temporalEnd":"2006-08-29","costCenters":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190730,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10812,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5212/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db683eb0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vroblesky, Don A. vroblesk@usgs.gov","contributorId":413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vroblesky","given":"Don","email":"vroblesk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Willey, Richard E.","contributorId":30972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willey","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clifford, Scott","contributorId":63042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clifford","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Murphy, James J.","contributorId":96776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":80960,"text":"sir20075261 - 2008 - Water Resources of the Basin and Range Carbonate-Rock Aquifer System, White Pine County, Nevada, and Adjacent Areas in Nevada and Utah","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":79996,"text":"ofr20071156 - 2007 - Water Resources of the Basin and Range Carbonate-Rock Aquifer System, White Pine County, Nevada, and Adjacent Areas in Nevada and Utah - Draft Report","indexId":"ofr20071156","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"title":"Water Resources of the Basin and Range Carbonate-Rock Aquifer System, White Pine County, Nevada, and Adjacent Areas in Nevada and Utah - Draft Report"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":80960,"text":"sir20075261 - 2008 - Water Resources of the Basin and Range Carbonate-Rock Aquifer System, White Pine County, Nevada, and Adjacent Areas in Nevada and Utah","indexId":"sir20075261","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"title":"Water Resources of the Basin and Range Carbonate-Rock Aquifer System, White Pine County, Nevada, and Adjacent Areas in Nevada and Utah"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-16T13:52:46","indexId":"sir20075261","displayToPublicDate":"2008-02-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5261","title":"Water Resources of the Basin and Range Carbonate-Rock Aquifer System, White Pine County, Nevada, and Adjacent Areas in Nevada and Utah","docAbstract":"INTRODUCTION\r\n\r\nThis report summarizes results of a water-resources study for White Pine County, Nevada, and adjacent areas in east-central Nevada and western Utah. The Basin and Range carbonate-rock aquifer system (BARCAS) study was initiated in December 2004 through Federal legislation (Section 301(e) of the Lincoln County Conservation, Recreation, and Development Act of 2004; PL108-424) directing the Secretary of the Interior to complete a water-resources study through the U.S. Geological Survey, Desert Research Institute, and State of Utah. The study was designed as a regional water-resource assessment, with particular emphasis on summarizing the hydrogeologic framework and hydrologic processes that influence ground-water resources.\r\n\r\nThe study area includes 13 hydrographic areas that cover most of White Pine County; in this report however, results for the northern and central parts of Little Smoky Valley were combined and presented as one hydrographic area. Hydrographic areas are the basic geographic units used by the State of Nevada and Utah and local agencies for water-resource planning and management, and are commonly defined on the basis of surface-water drainage areas. Hydrographic areas were further divided into subbasins that are separated by areas where bedrock is at or near the land surface. Subbasins are the subdivisions used in this study for estimating recharge, discharge, and water budget. Hydrographic areas are the subdivision used for reporting summed and tabulated subbasin estimates.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20075261","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management; This report is based on work by the U.S. Geological Survey, in collaboration with the Desert Research Institute, and the State of Utah","usgsCitation":"Bright, D., and Knochenmus, L.A., 2008, Water Resources of the Basin and Range Carbonate-Rock Aquifer System, White Pine County, Nevada, and Adjacent Areas in Nevada and Utah (Supersedes OFR 2007-1156): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5261, Report: 97 p.; Appendix A; 4 Plates, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075261.","productDescription":"Report: 97 p.; Appendix A; 4 Plates","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126823,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2007_5261.jpg"},{"id":10821,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5261/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.5,37.75 ], [ -116.5,40.5 ], [ -113,40.5 ], [ -113,37.75 ], [ -116.5,37.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Supersedes OFR 2007-1156","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db685832","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Welch, Alan H.","contributorId":35399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welch","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742839,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Bright, Daniel J. djbright@usgs.gov","contributorId":1758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bright","given":"Daniel J.","email":"djbright@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knochenmus, Lari A. lari@usgs.gov","contributorId":301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knochenmus","given":"Lari","email":"lari@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":80953,"text":"tm6D1 - 2008 - GSFLOW - Coupled Ground-Water and Surface-Water Flow Model Based on the Integration of the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) and the Modular Ground-Water Flow Model (MODFLOW-2005)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:25","indexId":"tm6D1","displayToPublicDate":"2008-02-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"6-D1","title":"GSFLOW - Coupled Ground-Water and Surface-Water Flow Model Based on the Integration of the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) and the Modular Ground-Water Flow Model (MODFLOW-2005)","docAbstract":"The need to assess the effects of variability in climate, biota, geology, and human activities on water availability and flow requires the development of models that couple two or more components of the hydrologic cycle. An integrated hydrologic model called GSFLOW (Ground-water and Surface-water FLOW) was developed to simulate coupled ground-water and surface-water resources. The new model is based on the integration of the U.S. Geological Survey Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) and the U.S. Geological Survey Modular Ground-Water Flow Model (MODFLOW). Additional model components were developed, and existing components were modified, to facilitate integration of the models. Methods were developed to route flow among the PRMS Hydrologic Response Units (HRUs) and between the HRUs and the MODFLOW finite-difference cells. This report describes the organization, concepts, design, and mathematical formulation of all GSFLOW model components. An important aspect of the integrated model design is its ability to conserve water mass and to provide comprehensive water budgets for a location of interest. This report includes descriptions of how water budgets are calculated for the integrated model and for individual model components. GSFLOW provides a robust modeling system for simulating flow through the hydrologic cycle, while allowing for future enhancements to incorporate other simulation techniques.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chapter 1 of Section D, Ground-Water/Surface-Water of Book 6, Modeling Techniques","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/tm6D1","usgsCitation":"Markstrom, S., Niswonger, R., Regan, R.S., Prudic, D.E., and Barlow, P.M., 2008, GSFLOW - Coupled Ground-Water and Surface-Water Flow Model Based on the Integration of the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) and the Modular Ground-Water Flow Model (MODFLOW-2005): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 6-D1, x, 240 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm6D1.","productDescription":"x, 240 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438855,"rank":101,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9UY8G6L","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Version 2.3.0 of Coupled Ground-Water and Surface-Water Flow Model Based on the Integration of the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) and the Modular Ground-Water Flow Model"},{"id":438854,"rank":101,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9D8AFBT","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"GSFLOW: Coupled Groundwater and Surface-Water Flow Model, version 2.2.0"},{"id":125731,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm_6_d1.png"},{"id":10811,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/tm6d1/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b166d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markstrom, Steven L. 0000-0001-7630-9547 markstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7630-9547","contributorId":1986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markstrom","given":"Steven L.","email":"markstro@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":293947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Niswonger, Richard G.","contributorId":45402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niswonger","given":"Richard G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Regan, R. Steven 0000-0003-4803-8596","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4803-8596","contributorId":87237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Regan","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Steven","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Prudic, David E. deprudic@usgs.gov","contributorId":3430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prudic","given":"David","email":"deprudic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barlow, Paul M. 0000-0003-4247-6456 pbarlow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-6456","contributorId":1200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barlow","given":"Paul","email":"pbarlow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70208631,"text":"70208631 - 2008 - Understanding the ecology of disease in Great Lakes fish populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-24T06:12:17","indexId":"70208631","displayToPublicDate":"2008-02-21T11:06:47","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":865,"text":"Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Understanding the ecology of disease in Great Lakes fish populations","docAbstract":"<p><span>Disease may be an important factor affecting wild fish population dynamics in the Great Lakes, but a lack of information on the ecology of fish disease currently precludes the prediction of risks to fish populations. Here we propose a conceptual framework for conducting ecologically-oriented fish health research that addresses the inter-relationships among fish health, fish populations, and ecosystem dysfunction in the Great Lakes. The conceptual framework describes potential ways in which disease processes and the population-level impacts of disease may relate to ecosystem function, and suggests that functional ecosystems are more likely to be resilient with respect to disease events than dysfunctional ecosystems. We suggest that ecosystem- or population-level research on the ecology of fish disease is necessary to understand the relationships between ecosystem function and fish health, and to improve prediction of population-level effects of diseases on wild fish populations in the Great Lakes. Examples of how the framework can be used to generate research questions are provided using three disease models of current interest in the Great Lakes: thiamine deficiency complex, botulism, and bacterial kidney disease.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/14634980802301638","usgsCitation":"Riley, S., Munkittrick, K., Evans, A.N., and Krueger, C.C., 2008, Understanding the ecology of disease in Great Lakes fish populations: Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management, v. 11, no. 3, p. 321-334, https://doi.org/10.1080/14634980802301638.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"321","endPage":"334","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":372506,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States, Canada","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -92.59277343749999,\n              46.46813299215554\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.6484375,\n              45.398449976304086\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.5390625,\n              41.11246878918088\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.9580078125,\n              41.178653972331674\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.0908203125,\n              42.35854391749705\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.9814453125,\n              43.100982876188525\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.89355468749999,\n              44.33956524809713\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.75,\n              45.644768217751924\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.3525390625,\n              49.23912083246698\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.669921875,\n              48.019324184801185\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.59277343749999,\n              46.46813299215554\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riley, Stephen 0000-0002-8968-8416 sriley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8968-8416","contributorId":169479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riley","given":"Stephen","email":"sriley@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":782826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Munkittrick, K.R.","contributorId":82540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munkittrick","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evans, Allison N.","contributorId":208497,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evans","given":"Allison","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":37809,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, 2820 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":782828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krueger, Charles C.","contributorId":169487,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krueger","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":782829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":80951,"text":"ofr20071349 - 2008 - Retrospective Review of Watershed Characteristics and a Framework for Future Research in the Sarasota Bay Watershed, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:32","indexId":"ofr20071349","displayToPublicDate":"2008-02-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1349","title":"Retrospective Review of Watershed Characteristics and a Framework for Future Research in the Sarasota Bay Watershed, Florida","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Sarasota Bay Estuary Program conducted a retrospective review of characteristics of the Sarasota Bay watershed in west-central Florida. This report describes watershed characteristics, surface- and ground-water processes, and the environmental setting of the Sarasota Bay watershed.\r\n\r\nPopulation growth during the last 50 years is transforming the Sarasota Bay watershed from rural and agriculture to urban and suburban. The transition has resulted in land-use changes that influence surface- and ground-water processes in the watershed. Increased impervious cover decreases recharge to ground water and increases overland runoff and the pollutants carried in the runoff. Soil compaction resulting from agriculture, construction, and recreation activities also decreases recharge to ground water.\r\n\r\nConventional approaches to stormwater runoff have involved conveyances and large storage areas. Low-impact development approaches, designed to provide recharge near the precipitation point-of-contact, are being used increasingly in the watershed.\r\n\r\nSimple pollutant loading models applied to the Sarasota Bay watershed have focused on large-scale processes and pollutant loads determined from empirical values and mean event concentrations. Complex watershed models and more intensive data-collection programs can provide the level of information needed to quantify (1) the effects of lot-scale land practices on runoff, storage, and ground-water recharge, (2) dry and wet season flux of nutrients through atmospheric deposition, (3) changes in partitioning of water and contaminants as urbanization alters predevelopment rainfall-runoff relations, and (4) linkages between watershed models and lot-scale models to evaluate the effect of small-scale changes over the entire Sarasota Bay watershed. As urbanization in the Sarasota Bay watershed continues, focused research on water-resources issues can provide information needed by water-resources managers to ensure the future health of the watershed.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071349","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Sarasota Bay Estuary Program","usgsCitation":"Kish, G.R., Harrison, A.S., and Alderson, M., 2008, Retrospective Review of Watershed Characteristics and a Framework for Future Research in the Sarasota Bay Watershed, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1349, vi, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071349.","productDescription":"vi, 49 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195246,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10809,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1349/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685b8c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kish, George R. gkish@usgs.gov","contributorId":1329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kish","given":"George","email":"gkish@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harrison, Arnell S. 0000-0002-5581-2255","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5581-2255","contributorId":35021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrison","given":"Arnell","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alderson, Mark","contributorId":22060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alderson","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70198500,"text":"70198500 - 2008 - A decade of measuring, monitoring, and studying the fate and transport of triazine herbicides in groundwater, surface water, reservoirs, and precipitation by the U.S. Geological Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-13T09:43:08","indexId":"70198500","displayToPublicDate":"2008-02-18T10:07:56","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"30","title":"A decade of measuring, monitoring, and studying the fate and transport of triazine herbicides in groundwater, surface water, reservoirs, and precipitation by the U.S. Geological Survey","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The triazine herbicides","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","isbn":"9780444511676","usgsCitation":"Thurman, E., and Scribner, E., 2008, A decade of measuring, monitoring, and studying the fate and transport of triazine herbicides in groundwater, surface water, reservoirs, and precipitation by the U.S. Geological Survey, chap. 30 <i>of</i> The triazine herbicides.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356257,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98bd64e4b0702d0e84570d","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"McFarland, J.","contributorId":7112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McFarland","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742247,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scribner, E.A.","contributorId":50925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scribner","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70156773,"text":"70156773 - 2008 - Gathering, organizing, and accessing data for use in bird conservation across the Americas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-05T16:06:34.940005","indexId":"70156773","displayToPublicDate":"2008-02-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Gathering, organizing, and accessing data for use in bird conservation across the Americas","docAbstract":"<p><span>The U.S. North American Bird Conservation Initiative (NABCI) Monitoring Subcommittee (2007) identified the need for a comprehensive plan for integrating and managing bird population monitoring data, and to adapt this as an integral component for improving monitoring activities across North America. While the Subcommittee provided a basic framework to begin development of this data management strategy, input from stakeholders is needed to identify data management needs and the technical capacity necessary to solve those challenges. We organized a session at the Fourth International Partners in Flight Conference to solicit input from session participants from across the Americas and identify their data management needs. Session speakers and participants provided examples of the challenges encountered with data management and how the Internet is increasingly used to provide access to the data needed for bird conservation decisions. Input provided during the session indicated that data management needs extended beyond technology to include scientifi c, conservation, social, institutional, and cultural issues. Because data management is intricately related to all aspects of bird conservation, a coordination process that elevates the importance of data management within the bird conservation community is needed, in addition to improving data management associated with bird population monitoring programs. Development of a comprehensive data management strategy for bird population monitoring data would help address the needs and challenges identified during this session.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tundra to tropics: Connecting birds, habitats and people, proceedings of the fourth International Partners in Flight Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Fourth International Partners in Flight Conference","conferenceDate":"February 13-16 2008","conferenceLocation":"McAllen, Texas","language":"English","publisher":"Partners in Flight","usgsCitation":"Martin, E., Peterjohn, B.G., and Kelling, S., 2008, Gathering, organizing, and accessing data for use in bird conservation across the Americas, <i>in</i> Tundra to tropics: Connecting birds, habitats and people, proceedings of the fourth International Partners in Flight Conference, McAllen, Texas, February 13-16 2008, p. 388-393.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"388","endPage":"393","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-025243","costCenters":[{"id":37226,"text":"Core Science Analytics, Synthesis, and Libraries","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307647,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe880fe4b0824b2d149db5","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rich, Terrell D.","contributorId":112381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rich","given":"Terrell","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570469,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Martin, Elizabeth 0000-0002-5808-6156 elizabeth_martin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5808-6156","contributorId":4492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Elizabeth","email":"elizabeth_martin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":570466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterjohn, Bruce G. bpeterjohn@usgs.gov","contributorId":4493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterjohn","given":"Bruce","email":"bpeterjohn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":570467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kelling, Steve","contributorId":147123,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kelling","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70207879,"text":"70207879 - 2008 - Time-averaged near-bed suspended sediment concentrations under waves and currents: Comparison of measured and model estimates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-16T13:02:07","indexId":"70207879","displayToPublicDate":"2008-02-15T12:52:09","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"title":"Time-averaged near-bed suspended sediment concentrations under waves and currents: Comparison of measured and model estimates","docAbstract":"<p><span>Profiles of suspended sediment concentration and velocity were measured over a 15-day period at a near-shore site off Santa Cruz, CA in Monterey Bay. The concentration and velocity data were collected with an Acoustic Backscattering System (ABS) and Acoustic Current Profiler (ACP) that were mounted on a bottom tripod. High-resolution bottom scanning sonar was also attached to the tripod to provide images of bed features during the experiment. Hourly time-averaged near-bed concentrations of suspended sediment were calculated from three models and compared with the measurements. Surface waves and currents that were generated by a storm of moderate intensity caused bed stresses that exceeded threshold stress for D</span><sub>50</sub><span>=0.02 cm, the median size of the moderately well-sorted bottom sediment, over a period of about 7 days. Estimates of the concentration at 1 cm above the bottom, C</span><sub>a1</sub><span>, were obtained using the ABS measurements. These observations have been compared with predictions for the concentration at 1 cm above the bottom, C</span><sub>1</sub><span>. Nielsen's models for reference concentration C</span><sub>o</sub><span>&nbsp;[Nielsen, P., 1986. Suspended sediment concentrations under waves. Coastal Engineering 10, 32-31; Nielsen, P., 1992. Coastal Bottom Boundary Layers and Sediment Transport, Advanced Series on Ocean Engineering. World Scientific, Hackensack, NJ.] are purely wave-based and do not include effects of bottom currents on bed stress and bedform scales. C</span><sub>1</sub><span>&nbsp;calculated from this model compared well with measured C</span><sub>a1</sub><span>&nbsp;when currents were weak and small oscillatory ripples were observed in the sonar images. However, during the 3-day period of highest bottom stresses modeled C</span><sub>1</sub><span>&nbsp;did not compare well to C</span><sub>a1</sub><span>. The other two models for C</span><sub>1</sub><span>, Glenn and Grant [Glenn, S.M., Grant, W.D., 1987. A suspended sediment stratification correction for combined wave and current flows. Journal of Geophysical Research 92(C8), 8244-8264.] and van Rijn and Walstra [Van Rijn, L.C., Walstra, D.J.R., 2004. Description of TRANSPOR2004 and implementation in Delft3D-ONLINE. Interim Report prepared for DG Rijkswaterstaat, Rijksinstituut voor Kust en Zee. Delft Hydraulics Institute, The Netherlands.], accounted for combined wave-current stresses and included different formulations for predicting bedform scales. C</span><sub>1</sub><span>&nbsp;calculated from these models compared well with measurements throughout the early and middle period of the storm, but underpredicted measured values during the latter part of the experiment. An alternative method based on dimensional analysis provided a straightforward way to relate C</span><sub>1</sub><span>&nbsp;to bed stress and sediment parameters. This new relationship based on dimensional analysis explained about 77% of the variability in C</span><sub>a1</sub><span>&nbsp;derived from the ABS data.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2007.10.006","issn":"02784343","usgsCitation":"Cacchione, D., Thorne, P., Agrawal, Y., and Nidzieko, N., 2008, Time-averaged near-bed suspended sediment concentrations under waves and currents: Comparison of measured and model estimates, v. 28, no. 3, p. 470-484, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2007.10.006.","productDescription":"15 p. ","startPage":"470","endPage":"484","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":371317,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States ","state":"California ","city":"Santa Cruz ","otherGeospatial":"Monterey Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.08694458007812,\n              36.84775766525785\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.88369750976562,\n              36.84775766525785\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.88369750976562,\n              36.99048777141413\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.08694458007812,\n              36.99048777141413\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.08694458007812,\n              36.84775766525785\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cacchione, D.A.","contributorId":65448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cacchione","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":779622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thorne, P.D.","contributorId":221672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thorne","given":"P.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Agrawal, Y","contributorId":221673,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Agrawal","given":"Y","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nidzieko, N.J. ","contributorId":221674,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nidzieko","given":"N.J. ","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":80948,"text":"fs20083011 - 2008 - Science Activities Associated with Proposed 2008 High-Flow Experiment at Glen Canyon Dam","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:47","indexId":"fs20083011","displayToPublicDate":"2008-02-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-3011","title":"Science Activities Associated with Proposed 2008 High-Flow Experiment at Glen Canyon Dam","docAbstract":"Grand Canyon National Park lies approximately 15 miles downriver from Glen Canyon Dam, which was built on the Colorado River just south of the Arizona-Utah border. Because the dam stops most sediment moving downstream, its presence has resulted in erosion and shrinkage of river sandbars in Grand Canyon. Fewer and smaller sandbars mean smaller camping beaches for visitors to use, continued erosion of cultural sites, and possibly less habitat for native fish, including the endangered humpback chub.\r\n\r\nIn an effort to restore sandbars and related habitat and to comply with its responsibilities under the Grand Canyon Protection Act, the Department of the Interior has proposed a high-flow release of water from Glen Canyon Dam in March 2008. The U.S. Geological Survey?s (USGS) Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center is responsible for coordinating research associated with the proposed experiment. The proposed studies are designed to evaluate the feasibility of using such high flows to improve a range of Grand Canyon resources. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs20083011","usgsCitation":"Hamill, J., 2008, Science Activities Associated with Proposed 2008 High-Flow Experiment at Glen Canyon Dam (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2008-3011, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20083011.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122388,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2008_3011.jpg"},{"id":10805,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3011/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114,35 ], [ -114,37 ], [ -109,37 ], [ -109,35 ], [ -114,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd27c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamill, John","contributorId":43459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamill","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":80946,"text":"ds326 - 2008 - Catalog of earthquake hypocenters at Alaskan volcanoes: January 1 through December 31, 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-22T18:17:45.375472","indexId":"ds326","displayToPublicDate":"2008-02-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"326","title":"Catalog of earthquake hypocenters at Alaskan volcanoes: January 1 through December 31, 2006","docAbstract":"<p>Between January 1 and December 31, 2006, AVO located 8,666 earthquakes of which 7,783 occurred on or near the 33 volcanoes monitored within Alaska. Monitoring highlights in 2006 include: an eruption of Augustine Volcano, a volcanic-tectonic earthquake swarm at Mount Martin, elevated seismicity and volcanic unrest at Fourpeaked Mountain, and elevated seismicity and low-level tremor at Mount Veniaminof and Korovin Volcano. A new seismic subnetwork was installed on Fourpeaked Mountain. This catalog includes: (1) descriptions and locations of seismic instrumentation deployed in the field during 2006, (2) a description of earthquake detection, recording, analysis, and data archival systems, (3) a description of seismic velocity models used for earthquake locations, (4) a summary of earthquakes located in 2006, and (5) an accompanying UNIX tar-file with a summary of earthquake origin times, hypocenters, magnitudes, phase arrival times, location quality statistics, daily station usage statistics, and all files used to determine the earthquake locations in 2006.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds326","usgsCitation":"Dixon, J.P., Stihler, S.D., Power, J.A., and Searcy, C., 2008, Catalog of earthquake hypocenters at Alaskan volcanoes: January 1 through December 31, 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 326, Report: iv, 79 p.; Seismic Catalog Zip File, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds326.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 79 p.; Seismic Catalog Zip File","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190534,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds326.JPG"},{"id":414556,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_83312.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":10803,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/326/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -143.5,\n              62.333\n            ],\n            [\n              -178.4,\n              62.333\n            ],\n            [\n              -178.4,\n              51.3\n            ],\n            [\n              -143.5,\n              51.3\n            ],\n            [\n              -143.5,\n              62.333\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e4e4b07f02db5e675f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dixon, James P. 0000-0002-8478-9971 jpdixon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8478-9971","contributorId":3163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"James","email":"jpdixon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stihler, Scott D.","contributorId":31373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stihler","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Power, John A. 0000-0002-7233-4398 jpower@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7233-4398","contributorId":2768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"John","email":"jpower@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Searcy, Cheryl 0000-0002-9474-5745 csearcy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9474-5745","contributorId":4039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Searcy","given":"Cheryl","email":"csearcy@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":80949,"text":"sir20085004 - 2008 - Variations in Community Exposure and Sensitivity to Tsunami Hazards on the Open-Ocean and Strait of Juan de Fuca Coasts of Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:42","indexId":"sir20085004","displayToPublicDate":"2008-02-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5004","title":"Variations in Community Exposure and Sensitivity to Tsunami Hazards on the Open-Ocean and Strait of Juan de Fuca Coasts of Washington","docAbstract":"Evidence of past events and modeling of potential future events suggest that tsunamis are significant threats to communities on the open-ocean and Strait of Juan de Fuca coasts of Washington. Although potential tsunami-inundation zones from a Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ) earthquake have been delineated, the amount and type of human development in tsunami-prone areas have not been documented. A vulnerability assessment using geographic-information-system tools was conducted to document variations in developed land, human populations, economic assets, and critical facilities relative to CSZ-related tsunami-inundation zones among communities on the open-ocean and Strait of Juan de Fuca coasts of Washington (including Clallam, Jefferson, Grays Harbor, and Pacific Counties). The tsunami-inundation zone in these counties contains 42,972 residents (24 percent of the total study-area population), 24,934 employees (33 percent of the total labor force), and 17,029 daily visitors to coastal Washington State Parks. The tsunami-inundation zone also contains 2,908 businesses that generate $4.6 billion in annual sales volume (31 and 40 percent of study-area totals, respectively) and tax parcels with a combined total value of $4.5 billion (25 percent of the study-area total). Although occupancy values are not known for each site, the tsunami-inundation zone also contains numerous dependent-population facilities (for example, schools and child-day-care centers), public venues (for example, religious organizations), and critical facilities (for example, police stations and public-work facilities). Racial diversity of residents in tsunami-prone areas is low?89 percent of residents are White and 8 percent are American Indian or Alaska Native. Nineteen percent of the residents in the tsunami-inundation zone are over 65 years in age, 30 percent of the residents live on unincorporated county lands, and 35 percent of the households are renter occupied. Employees in the tsunami-inundation zone are largely in businesses related to health care and social assistance, accommodation and food services, and retail trade, reflecting businesses that cater to a growing retiree and tourist population. Community vulnerability, described here by exposure (the amount of assets in tsunami-prone areas) and sensitivity (the relative percentage of assets in tsunami-prone areas) varies among 13 incorporated cities, 7 Indian reservations, and 4 counties. The City of Aberdeen has the highest relative community exposure to tsunamis, whereas the City of Long Beach has the highest relative community sensitivity. Levels of community exposure and sensitivity to tsunamis are found to be related to the amount and percentage, respectively, of a community?s land that is in a tsunami-inundation zone. This report will further the dialogue on societal risk to tsunami hazards in Washington and help risk managers to determine where additional risk-reduction strategies may be needed.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20085004","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Washington Military Department Emergency Management Division","usgsCitation":"Wood, N., and Soulard, C., 2008, Variations in Community Exposure and Sensitivity to Tsunami Hazards on the Open-Ocean and Strait of Juan de Fuca Coasts of Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5004, Report: vi, 34 p.; Data Folder, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085004.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 34 p.; Data Folder","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":293,"text":"Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190697,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10806,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5004/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -125,47 ], [ -125,49 ], [ -122,49 ], [ -122,47 ], [ -125,47 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602a4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, Nathan 0000-0002-6060-9729 nwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6060-9729","contributorId":71151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Nathan","email":"nwood@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":293940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Soulard, Christopher","contributorId":62687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soulard","given":"Christopher","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":80947,"text":"sim2979 - 2008 - Geologic Map of the Piedmont Hollow Quadrangle, Oregon County, Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:49","indexId":"sim2979","displayToPublicDate":"2008-02-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2979","title":"Geologic Map of the Piedmont Hollow Quadrangle, Oregon County, Missouri","docAbstract":"The Piedmont Hollow 7.5-min quadrangle is located in south-central Missouri within the Salem Plateau region of the Ozark Plateaus physiographic province (Fenneman, 1938; Bretz, 1965) (fig. 1). Almost all of the land in the quadrangle north of the Eleven Point River is part of the Mark Twain National Forest. Most of the land immediately adjoining the river is part of the Eleven Point National Scenic River, also administered by the U.S. Forest Service. South of the Eleven Point River, most of the land is privately owned and used primarily for grazing cattle and horses. The quadrangle has topographic relief of about 480 feet (ft), with elevations ranging from 550 ft on the Eleven Point River at the eastern edge of the quadrangle to 1,030 ft on a hilltop about a mile to the west-northwest. The most prominent physiographic feature in the quadrangle is the valley of the Eleven Point River, which traverses the quadrangle from west to northeast.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sim2979","usgsCitation":"Weary, D.J., 2008, Geologic Map of the Piedmont Hollow Quadrangle, Oregon County, Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2979, Map Sheet: 56 x 40 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2979.","productDescription":"Map Sheet: 56 x 40 inches","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110764,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_83318.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"83318"},{"id":195139,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10804,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2979/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -91.5,36.75 ], [ -91.5,36.8675 ], [ -91.36749999999999,36.8675 ], [ -91.36749999999999,36.75 ], [ -91.5,36.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8486","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weary, David J. 0000-0002-6115-6397 dweary@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6115-6397","contributorId":545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weary","given":"David","email":"dweary@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":80950,"text":"sir20085011 - 2008 - Climate simulation and flood risk analysis for 2008-40 for Devils Lake, North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-12T22:05:17.187448","indexId":"sir20085011","displayToPublicDate":"2008-02-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5011","title":"Climate simulation and flood risk analysis for 2008-40 for Devils Lake, North Dakota","docAbstract":"<p class=\"abstract\">Devils Lake and Stump Lake in northeastern North Dakota receive surface runoff from a 3,810-square-mile drainage basin, and evaporation provides the only major water loss unless the lakes are above their natural spill elevation to the Sheyenne River. In September 2007, flow from Devils Lake to Stump Lake had filled Stump Lake and the two lakes consisted of essentially one water body with an elevation of 1,447.1&nbsp;feet, about 3 feet below the existing base flood elevation (1,450&nbsp;feet) and about 12 feet below the natural outlet elevation to the Sheyenne River (1,459 feet).</p><p class=\"abstract\">Devils Lake could continue to rise, causing extensive additional flood damages in the basin and, in the event of an uncontrolled natural spill, downstream in the Red River of the North Basin. This report describes the results of a study conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency, to evaluate future flood risk for Devils Lake and provide information for developing updated flood-insurance rate maps and planning flood-mitigation activities such as raising levees or roads.</p><p class=\"abstract\">In about 1980, a large, abrupt, and highly significant increase in precipitation occurred in the Devils Lake Basin and elsewhere in the Northern Great Plains, and wetter-than-normal conditions have persisted through the present (2007). Although future precipitation is impossible to predict, paleoclimatic evidence and recent research on climate dynamics indicate the current wet conditions are not likely to end anytime soon. For example, there is about a 72-percent chance wet conditions will last at least 10 more years and about a 37-percent chance wet conditions will last at least 30 more years.</p><p class=\"abstract\">A stochastic simulation model for Devils Lake and Stump Lake developed in a previous study was updated and used to generate 10,000 potential future realizations, or traces, of precipitation, evaporation, inflow, and lake levels given existing conditions on September 30, 2007, and randomly generated future duration of the current wet period. On the basis of the simulations, and assuming ice-free conditions and calm wind, the Devils Lake flood elevation for an annualized flood risk of 1&nbsp;percent (analogous to a “100-year” riverine flood) was estimated to be 1,454.6 feet for a 10-year time horizon (2008­­­–17). Therefore, without adjusting for wind or ice, a residence near Devils Lake at elevation 1,454.6 feet has the same chance of being flooded sometime during the next 10&nbsp;years as a residence at the edge of the 100-year flood plain along a river. Adjusting for the effects of wind or ice, which will increase the flood elevations for many locations near the lakes, was not within the scope of this study.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20085011","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Vecchia, A.V., 2008, Climate simulation and flood risk analysis for 2008-40 for Devils Lake, North Dakota (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5011, iv, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085011.","productDescription":"iv, 28 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":424394,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_83314.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":352608,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5011/pdf/sir2008-5011web.pdf"},{"id":10807,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5011/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":125732,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2008_5011.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Devils Lake, Stump Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -99.5,\n              48.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.5,\n              47.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.25,\n              47.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.25,\n              48.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.5,\n              48.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de299","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vecchia, Aldo V. 0000-0002-2661-4401","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2661-4401","contributorId":41810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vecchia","given":"Aldo","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":80943,"text":"sir20085009 - 2008 - Evaluation of a Single-Beam Sonar System to Map Seagrass at Two Sites in Northern Puget Sound, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:47","indexId":"sir20085009","displayToPublicDate":"2008-02-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5009","title":"Evaluation of a Single-Beam Sonar System to Map Seagrass at Two Sites in Northern Puget Sound, Washington","docAbstract":"Seagrass at two sites in northern Puget Sound, Possession Point and nearby Browns Bay, was mapped using both a single-beam sonar and underwater video camera. The acoustic and underwater video data were compared to evaluate the accuracy of acoustic estimates of seagrass cover. The accuracy of the acoustic method was calculated for three classifications of seagrass observed in underwater video: bare (no seagrass), patchy seagrass, and continuous seagrass. Acoustic and underwater video methods agreed in 92 percent and 74 percent of observations made in bare and continuous areas, respectively. However, in patchy seagrass, the agreement between acoustic and underwater video was poor (43 percent). The poor agreement between the two methods in areas with patchy seagrass is likely because the two instruments were not precisely colocated.\r\n\r\nThe distribution of seagrass at the two sites differed both in overall percent vegetated and in the distribution of percent cover versus depth. On the basis of acoustic data, seagrass inhabited 0.29 km2 (19 percent of total area) at Possession Point and 0.043 km2 (5 percent of total area) at the Browns Bay study site. The depth distribution at the two sites was markedly different. Whereas the majority of seagrass at Possession Point occurred between -0.5 and -1.5 m MLLW, most seagrass at Browns Bay occurred at a greater depth, between -2.25 and -3.5 m MLLW. Further investigation of the anthropogenic and natural factors causing these differences in distribution is needed.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20085009","usgsCitation":"Stevens, A., Lacy, J.R., Finlayson, D.P., and Gelfenbaum, G., 2008, Evaluation of a Single-Beam Sonar System to Map Seagrass at Two Sites in Northern Puget Sound, Washington (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5009, vi, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085009.","productDescription":"vi, 45 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":645,"text":"Western Coastal and Marine Geology","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195510,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10799,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5009/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.5,47.75 ], [ -122.5,48 ], [ -122.25,48 ], [ -122.25,47.75 ], [ -122.5,47.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625753","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stevens, Andrew W.","contributorId":89093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"Andrew W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lacy, Jessica R. 0000-0002-2797-6172 jlacy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2797-6172","contributorId":3158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lacy","given":"Jessica","email":"jlacy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Finlayson, David P. dfinlayson@usgs.gov","contributorId":1381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finlayson","given":"David","email":"dfinlayson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gelfenbaum, Guy","contributorId":79844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelfenbaum","given":"Guy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":80945,"text":"ofr20081020 - 2008 - Needs Assessment and Scoping Study for Sinking Ships as Diving Sites in Puget Sound","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-03T14:38:37","indexId":"ofr20081020","displayToPublicDate":"2008-02-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1020","title":"Needs Assessment and Scoping Study for Sinking Ships as Diving Sites in Puget Sound","docAbstract":"BACKGROUND\r\n\r\nThere is growing interest in starting a program to sink ships in Puget Sound to create one or more underwater dive sites. Experience in other parts of the world has indicated that sunken vessels are highly popular with divers and could provide a basis for increased recreation and attraction of out-of-state divers with attendant economic benefits to the State. The Washington State legislature reviewed this possibility during the 2006 session and determined that more information is required before the legislature could determine if this activity is feasible or desirable. The legislature directed several State agencies to undertake a preliminary study of the feasibility. The Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW, lead State agency) in turn asked U.S. Geological Survey to conduct the study.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081020","usgsCitation":"Rubin, S., Grossman, E., Koontz, L., Paulson, A., Sexton, N., and Reisenbichler, R., 2008, Needs Assessment and Scoping Study for Sinking Ships as Diving Sites in Puget Sound: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1020, iii, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081020.","productDescription":"iii, 43 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195715,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10802,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1020/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697baf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rubin, Steve 0000-0003-3054-7173","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3054-7173","contributorId":11298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"Steve","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grossman, Eric E. 0000-0003-0269-6307 egrossman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0269-6307","contributorId":2334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grossman","given":"Eric E.","email":"egrossman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koontz, Lynne koontzl@usgs.gov","contributorId":2174,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koontz","given":"Lynne","email":"koontzl@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":7016,"text":"Environmental Quality Division, National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":293927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paulson, Anthony","contributorId":48660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paulson","given":"Anthony","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sexton, Natalie","contributorId":103320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sexton","given":"Natalie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Reisenbichler, Reg","contributorId":105817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reisenbichler","given":"Reg","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70236962,"text":"70236962 - 2008 - New constraints on the Pb and Nd isotopic evolution of NE Atlantic water masses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-23T13:34:25.811031","indexId":"70236962","displayToPublicDate":"2008-02-12T08:24:07","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New constraints on the Pb and Nd isotopic evolution of NE Atlantic water masses","docAbstract":"<p><span>Time series of lead (Pb) and neodymium (Nd) isotope compositions were measured on three ferromanganese crusts recording the evolution of NE Atlantic water masses over the past 15 Ma. The crusts are distributed along a depth profile (∼700–4600 m) comprising the present-day depths of Mediterranean Outflow Water and North East Atlantic Deep Water. A pronounced increase of the&nbsp;</span><sup>206</sup><span>Pb/</span><sup>204</sup><span>Pb in the two deeper crusts starting at ∼4 Ma and a decrease in&nbsp;</span><sup>143</sup><span>Nd/</span><sup>144</sup><span>Nd in all three crusts took place between ∼6–4 Ma and the present. These patterns are similar to isotope time series in the western North Atlantic basin and are consistent with efficient mixing between the two basins. However, the changes occurred 1–3 Ma earlier in the eastern basin indicating that the northeastern Atlantic led the major change in Pb and Nd isotope composition, probably due to a direct supply of Labrador Seawater via a northern route. The Pb isotope evolution during the Pliocene-Pleistocene can generally be explained by mixing between two end-members corresponding to Mediterranean Outflow Water and North East Atlantic Deep Water, but external sources such as Saharan dust are likely to have played a role as well. The Pb isotope composition of the shallowest crust that grew within the present-day Mediterranean Outflow Water does not show significant Pb isotope changes indicating that it was controlled by the same Pb sources throughout the past 15 Ma.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.1029/2007GC001766","usgsCitation":"Muinos, S.B., Frank, M., Maden, C., Hein, J., van de Flierdt, T., Lebreiro, S.M., Gaspar, L., Monteiro, J.H., and Halliday, A.N., 2008, New constraints on the Pb and Nd isotopic evolution of NE Atlantic water masses: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 9, no. 2, Q02007, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GC001766.","productDescription":"Q02007, 18 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476619,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"text":"External Repository"},{"id":407259,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"North Atlantic","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -61,\n              24\n            ],\n            [\n              -0.0,\n              24\n            ],\n            [\n              -0.0,\n              44\n            ],\n            [\n              -61,\n              44\n            ],\n            [\n              -61,\n              24\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-02-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muinos, S. B.","contributorId":296922,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Muinos","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":852821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frank, M.","contributorId":103396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frank","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":852822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maden, C.","contributorId":296923,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maden","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":852823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hein, J.R. 0000-0002-5321-899X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":61429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":852824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"van de Flierdt, T.","contributorId":55613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van de Flierdt","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":852825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lebreiro, S. M.","contributorId":296924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lebreiro","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":852826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gaspar, L.","contributorId":296925,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gaspar","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":852827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Monteiro, J. H.","contributorId":296926,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Monteiro","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":852828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Halliday, A. N.","contributorId":87663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halliday","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":852829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
]}