Samples of surface water and suspended sediment were collected from the Passaic and Elizabeth Rivers and their tributaries in New Jersey from July 2003 to February 2004 to determine the concentrations of selected chlorinated organic and inorganic constituents. This sampling and analysis was conducted as Phase II of the New York-New Jersey Harbor Estuary Workplan—Contaminant Assessment and Reduction Program (CARP), which is overseen by the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. Phase II of the New Jersey Workplan was conducted to define upstream tributary and point sources of contaminants in those rivers sampled during Phase I work, with special emphasis on the Passaic and Elizabeth Rivers. Samples were collected from three groups of tributaries: (1) the Second, Third, and Saddle Rivers; (2) the Pompton and upper Passaic Rivers; and (3) the West Branch and main stem of the Elizabeth River. The Second, Third, and Saddle Rivers were sampled near their confluence with the tidal Passaic River, but at locations not affected by tidal flooding. The Pompton and upper Passaic Rivers were sampled immediately upstream from their confluence at Two Bridges, N.J. The West Branch and the main stem of the Elizabeth River were sampled just upstream from their confluence at Hillside, N.J. All tributaries were sampled during low-flow discharge conditions using the protocols and analytical methods for organic constituents used in low-flow sampling in Phase I. Grab samples of streamflow also were collected at each site and were analyzed for trace elements (mercury, methylmercury, cadmium, and lead) and for suspended sediment, particulate organic carbon, and dissolved organic carbon. The measured concentrations and available historical suspended-sediment and stream-discharge data (where available) were used to estimate average annual loads of suspended sediment and organic compounds in these rivers.
Total suspended-sediment loads for 1975–2000 were estimated using rating curves developed from historical U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) suspended-sediment and discharge data, where available. Average annual loads of suspended sediment, in millions of kilograms per year (Mkg/yr), were estimated to be 0.190 for the Second River, 0.23 for the Third River, 1.00 for the Saddle River, 1.76 for the Pompton River, and 7.40 for the upper Passaic River.
On the basis of the available discharge records, the upper Passaic River was estimated to provide approximately 60 percent of the water and 80 percent of the total suspended-sediment load at the Passaic River head-of-tide, whereas the Pompton River provided roughly 20 percent of the total suspended-sediment load estimated at the head-of-tide. The combined suspended-sediment loads of the upper Passaic and Pompton Rivers (9.2 Mkg/yr), however, represent only 40 percent of the average annual suspended-sediment load estimated for the head-of-tide (23 Mkg/yr) at Little Falls, N.J. The difference between the combined suspended-sediment loads of the tributaries and the estimated load at Little Falls represents either sediment trapped upriver from the dam at Little Falls, additional inputs of suspended sediment downstream from the tributary confluence, or uncertainty in the suspended-sediment and discharge data that were used.
The concentrations of total suspended sediment-bound polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the tributaries to the Passaic River were 194 ng/g (nanograms per gram) in the Second River, 575 ng/g in the Third River, 2,320 ng/g in the Saddle River, 200 ng/g in the Pompton River, and 87 ng/g in the upper Passic River. The dissolved PCB concentrations in the tributaries were 563 pg/L (picograms per liter) in the Second River, 2,510 pg/L in the Third River, 2,270 pg/L in the Saddle River, 887 pg/L in the Pompton River, and 1,000 pg/L in the upper Passaic River. Combined with the sediment loads and discharge, these concentrations resulted in annual loads of suspended sediment-bound PCBs, in grams per year (g/yr), of 37 in the Second River; 132 in the Third River; 2,320 in the Saddle River; 352 in the Pompton River; and 644 in the upper Passaic River. Annual loads of dissolved PCBs, in grams per year, are 9.2 in the Second River; 47 in the Third River; 212 in the Saddle River; 349 in the Pompton River; and 549 in the upper Passaic River.
Concentrations of total suspended sediment-bound polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-difurans (PCDD/PCDFs) were 6,000 pg/g (picograms per gram) in the Second River; 11,300 pg/g in the Third River; 37,700 pg/g in the Saddle River; 7,140 pg/g in the Pompton River; and 9,640 pg/g in the upper Passaic River. Total toxic equivalence quotients (TEQs), which included PCDD/PCDFs and coplanar PCBs, ranged from 2.7 pg/g in the Second River to 132 pg/g (as 2,3,7,8-TCDD) in the Saddle River. Average annual loads of PCDD/PCDFs were from 1.1 g/yr in the Second River to 71 g/yr in the upper Passaic River. The load of TEQs (as 2,3,7,8-TCDD) from PCDD/PCDFs and coplanar PCBs in the tributaries were 0.5 mg/yr (milligrams per year) in the Second River, 5.8 mg/yr in the Third River, 130 mg/yr in the Saddle River, 46 mg/yr in the Pompton River, and 100 mg/yr in the upper Passaic River. These loads represent an addition to the TEQ load estimated to cross the head-of-tide of 0.1 percent by the Second River, 0.7 percent by the Third River, and 15 percent by the Saddle River.
Loads of sediment-bound trace elements mercury, methylmercury, lead, and cadmium were calculated using concentrations obtained from grab samples, which were assumed to represent average annual concentrations in these rivers. Loads of sediment-bound mercury were estimated to be 1,200 g/yr in the Second River; 130 g/yr in the Third River; 4,200 g/yr in the Saddle River; 3,400 g/yr in the Pompton River; and 6,500 g/yr in the upper Passaic River. Loads of sediment-bound lead were estimated to be 56 kg/yr (kilograms per year) in the Second River; 89 kg/yr in the Third River; 1,140 kg/yr in the Saddle River; 310 kg/yr in the Pompton River; and 1,040 kg/yr in the upper Passaic River. Loads of sediment-bound cadmium were estimated to be 1 kg/yr in the Second River; 0.59 kg/yr in the Third River; 60 kg/yr in the Saddle River; 16 kg/yr in the Pompton River; and 11 kg/yr in the upper Passaic River. These loads indicate the importance of the sediment-bound contributions of organic compounds and trace elements to the upper Passaic and Saddle Rivers.
Concentrations of suspended sediment-bound PCBs in the main stem and the West Branch of the Elizabeth River were 806 ng/g and 3,100 ng/g, respectively, representing loads of 40 g/yr and 1,150 g/yr, respectively. These loads were estimated using assumed discharge conditions. Concentrations of suspended sediment-bound PCDD/PCDFs were 7,270 pg/g and 9,980 pg/g in the main stem and West Branch, respectively, representing average annual loads of 0.36 g/yr and 3.7 g/yr, respectively. Total TEQ loads (sum of PCDD/PCDFs and PCBs) were 2.1 mg/yr (as 2,3,7,8-TCDD) in the main stem and 34 mg/yr in the West Branch, respectively. These load estimates, however, were directly related to the assumed annual discharge for the two branches. Long-term measurement of stream discharge and suspended-sediment concentrations would be needed to verify these loads. On the basis of the concentrations measured in this work, it appears that the West Branch is the principal source of PCBs, PCDD/PCDFs, total TEQs, and metals to the main stem of the Elizabeth River. Additional sources of these constituents may exist between the confluence and the head-of-tide.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20075136","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Wilson, T.P., and Bonin, J., 2008, Occurrence of organic compounds and trace elements in the upper Passaic and Elizabeth Rivers and their tributaries in New Jersey, July 2003 to February 2004: Phase II of the New Jersey toxics reduction workplan for New York-New Jersey Harbor: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5136, vi, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075136.","productDescription":"vi, 43 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2003-07-01","temporalEnd":"2004-02-28","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195679,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10789,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5136/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":463371,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_83275.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey, New York","otherGeospatial":"New York-New Jersey Harbor","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74.58333333333333,40.25 ], [ -74.58333333333333,41.25 ], [ -73.66666666666667,41.25 ], [ -73.66666666666667,40.25 ], [ -74.58333333333333,40.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af6e4b07f02db692e1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Timothy P. 0000-0003-1914-6344 tpwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1914-6344","contributorId":3752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Timothy","email":"tpwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":293888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bonin, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-7631-9734","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-9734","contributorId":59404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonin","given":"Jennifer L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80939,"text":"fs20073092 - 2008 - Monitoring the Earth's dynamic magnetic field","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T11:10:55","indexId":"fs20073092","displayToPublicDate":"2008-02-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-3092","title":"Monitoring the Earth's dynamic magnetic field","docAbstract":"The mission of the U.S. Geological Survey's Geomagnetism Program is to monitor the Earth's magnetic field. Using ground-based observatories, the Program provides continuous records of magnetic field variations covering long timescales; disseminates magnetic data to various governmental, academic, and private institutions; and conducts research into the nature of geomagnetic variations for purposes of scientific understanding and hazard mitigation. The program is an integral part of the U.S. Government's National Space Weather Program (NSWP), which also includes programs in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the Department of Defense (DOD), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and the National Science Foundation (NSF). The NSWP works to provide timely, accurate, and reliable space weather warnings, observations, specifications, and forecasts, and its work is important for the U.S. economy and national security.\r\n\r\nPlease visit the National Geomagnetism Program?s website, http://geomag.usgs.gov, where you can learn more about the Program and the science of geomagnetism. You can find additional related information at the Intermagnet website, http://www.intermagnet.org.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20073092","usgsCitation":"Love, J.J., Applegate, D., and Townshend, J.B., 2008, Monitoring the Earth's dynamic magnetic field (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2007-3092, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20073092.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121180,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2007_3092.jpg"},{"id":10794,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2007/3092/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a541c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Love, Jeffrey J. 0000-0002-3324-0348 jlove@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-0348","contributorId":760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jlove@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Applegate, David 0000-0001-5570-3449 applegate@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5570-3449","contributorId":263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Applegate","given":"David","email":"applegate@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Townshend, John B.","contributorId":70383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Townshend","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":80931,"text":"sir20075253 - 2008 - Potentiometric Surfaces in the Springfield Plateau and Ozark Aquifers of Northwestern Arkansas, Southeastern Kansas, Southwestern Missouri, and Northeastern Oklahoma, 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:42","indexId":"sir20075253","displayToPublicDate":"2008-02-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5253","title":"Potentiometric Surfaces in the Springfield Plateau and Ozark Aquifers of Northwestern Arkansas, Southeastern Kansas, Southwestern Missouri, and Northeastern Oklahoma, 2006","docAbstract":"The Springfield Plateau and Ozark aquifers are important sources of ground water in the Ozark Plateaus aquifer system. Water from these aquifers is used for agricultural, domestic, industrial, and municipal water sources. Changing water use over time in these aquifers presents a need for updated potentiometric-surface maps of the Springfield Plateau and Ozark aquifers.\r\n\r\nThe Springfield Plateau aquifer consists of water-bearing Mississippian-age limestone and chert. The Ozark aquifer consists of Late Cambrian to Middle Devonian age water-bearing rocks consisting of dolostone, limestone, and sandstone. Both aquifers are complex with areally varying lithologies, discrete hydrologic units, varying permeabilities, and secondary permeabilities related to fractures and karst features.\r\n\r\nDuring the spring of 2006, ground-water levels were measured in 285 wells. These data, and water levels from selected lakes, rivers, and springs, were used to create potentiometric-surface maps for the Springfield Plateau and Ozark aquifers. Linear kriging was used initially to construct the water-level contours on the maps; the contours were subsequently modified using hydrologic judgment. The potentiometric-surface maps presented in this report represent ground-water conditions during the spring of 2006. During the spring of 2006, the region received less than average rainfall. Dry conditions prior to the spring of 2006 could have contributed to the observed water levels as well.\r\n\r\nThe potentiometric-surface map of the Springfield Plateau aquifer shows a maximum measured water-level altitude within the study area of about 1,450 feet at a spring in Barry County, Missouri, and a minimum measured water-level altitude of 579 feet at a well in Ottawa County, Oklahoma. Cones of depression occur in Dade, Lawrence and Newton Counties in Missouri and Delaware and Ottawa Counties in Oklahoma. These cones of depression are associated with private wells. Ground water in the Springfield Plateau aquifer generally flows to the west in the study area, and to surface features (lakes, rivers, and springs) particularly in the south and east of the study area where the Springfield Plateau aquifer is closest to land surface.\r\n\r\nThe potentiometric-surface map of the Ozark aquifer indicates a maximum measured water-level altitude of 1,303 feet in the study area at a well in Washington County, Arkansas, and a minimum measured water-level altitude of 390 feet in Ottawa County, Oklahoma. The water in the Ozark aquifer generally flows to the northwest in the northern part of the study area and to the west in the remaining study area. Cones of depression occur in Barry, Barton, Cedar, Jasper, Lawrence, McDonald, Newton, and Vernon Counties in Missouri, Cherokee and Crawford Counties in Kansas, and Craig and Ottawa Counties in Oklahoma. These cones of depression are associated with municipal supply wells. The flow directions, based on both potentiometric-surface maps, generally agree with flow directions indicated by previous studies.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20075253","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Kansas Water Office","usgsCitation":"Gillip, J.A., Czarnecki, J.B., and Mugel, D.N., 2008, Potentiometric Surfaces in the Springfield Plateau and Ozark Aquifers of Northwestern Arkansas, Southeastern Kansas, Southwestern Missouri, and Northeastern Oklahoma, 2006 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5253, iv, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075253.","productDescription":"iv, 28 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190729,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10786,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5253/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -96.25,34.5 ], [ -96.25,39.5 ], [ -89,39.5 ], [ -89,34.5 ], [ -96.25,34.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b16cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gillip, Jonathan A. jgillip@usgs.gov","contributorId":3222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillip","given":"Jonathan","email":"jgillip@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Czarnecki, John B. jczarnec@usgs.gov","contributorId":2555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Czarnecki","given":"John","email":"jczarnec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mugel, Douglas N. dmugel@usgs.gov","contributorId":290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mugel","given":"Douglas","email":"dmugel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":80930,"text":"ofr20071020 - 2008 - Ground- and surface-water chemistry of Handcart Gulch, Park County, Colorado, 2003-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-26T10:46:22","indexId":"ofr20071020","displayToPublicDate":"2008-02-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1020","displayTitle":"Ground- and Surface-Water Chemistry of Handcart Gulch, Park County, Colorado, 2003-2006","title":"Ground- and surface-water chemistry of Handcart Gulch, Park County, Colorado, 2003-2006","docAbstract":"As part of a multidisciplinary project to determine the processes that control ground-water chemistry and flow in mineralized alpine environments, ground- and surface-water samples from Handcart Gulch, Colorado were collected for analysis of inorganic solutes and water and dissolved sulfate stable isotopes in selected samples. The primary aim of this study was to document variations in ground-water chemistry in Handcart Gulch and to identify changes in water chemistry along the receiving stream of Handcart Gulch.\r\n\r\nWater analyses are reported for ground-water samples collected from 12 wells in Handcart Gulch, Colorado. Samples were collected between August 2003 and October 2005. Water analyses for surface-water samples are reported for 50 samples collected from Handcart Gulch and its inflows during a low-flow tracer injection on August 6, 2003. In addition, water analyses are reported for three other Handcart Gulch stream samples collected in September 2005 and March 2006. Reported analyses include field parameters (pH, specific conductance, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and Eh), major and trace constituents, oxygen and hydrogen isotopic composition of water and oxygen and sulfur isotopic composition of dissolved sulfate.\r\n\r\nGround-water samples from this study are Ca-SO4 type and range in pH from 2.5 to 6.8. Most of the samples (75 percent) have pH values between 3.3 and 4.3. Surface water samples are also Ca-SO4 type and have a narrower range in pH (2.7?4.0). Ground- and surface-water samples vary from relatively dilute (specific conductance of 68 ?S/cm) to concentrated (specific conductance of 2,000 ?S/cm).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071020","usgsCitation":"Verplanck, P.L., Manning, A.H., Kimball, B.A., McCleskey, R.B., Runkel, R.L., Caine, J.S., Adams, M., Gemery-Hill, P.A., and Fey, D.L., 2008, Ground- and surface-water chemistry of Handcart Gulch, Park County, Colorado, 2003-2006 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1020, vi, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071020.","productDescription":"vi, 31 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2003-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195649,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10785,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1020/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":367590,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1020/downloads/pdf/OF07-1020.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Park County","otherGeospatial":"Handcart Gulch","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109,37 ], [ -109,41 ], [ -104,41 ], [ -104,37 ], [ -109,37 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cee4b07f02db54586d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verplanck, Philip L. 0000-0002-3653-6419 plv@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3653-6419","contributorId":728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verplanck","given":"Philip","email":"plv@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Manning, Andrew H. 0000-0002-6404-1237 amanning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6404-1237","contributorId":1305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manning","given":"Andrew","email":"amanning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kimball, Briant A. bkimball@usgs.gov","contributorId":533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimball","given":"Briant","email":"bkimball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCleskey, R. Blaine 0000-0002-2521-8052 rbmccles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-8052","contributorId":147399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCleskey","given":"R.","email":"rbmccles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Blaine","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Runkel, Robert L. 0000-0003-3220-481X runkel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-481X","contributorId":685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"Robert","email":"runkel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Caine, Jonathan S. 0000-0002-7269-6989 jscaine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7269-6989","contributorId":1272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caine","given":"Jonathan","email":"jscaine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":293879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Adams, Monique madams@usgs.gov","contributorId":1231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Monique","email":"madams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gemery-Hill, Pamela A.","contributorId":98827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gemery-Hill","given":"Pamela","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Fey, David L. dfey@usgs.gov","contributorId":713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fey","given":"David","email":"dfey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":80929,"text":"ofr20081025 - 2008 - Fecal-indicator bacteria and Escherichia coli pathogen data collected near a novel sub-irrigation water-treatment system in Lenawee County, Michigan, June-November 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-18T16:17:48","indexId":"ofr20081025","displayToPublicDate":"2008-02-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1025","title":"Fecal-indicator bacteria and Escherichia coli pathogen data collected near a novel sub-irrigation water-treatment system in Lenawee County, Michigan, June-November 2007","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Lenawee County Conservation District in Lenawee County, Mich., conducted a sampling effort over a single growing season (June to November 2007) to evaluate the microbiological water quality around a novel livestock reservoir wetland sub-irrigation system. Samples were collected and analyzed for fecal coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria, and six genes from pathogenic strains of E. coli.
A total of 73 water-quality samples were collected on nine occasions from June to November 2007. These samples were collected within the surface water, shallow ground water, and the manure-treatment system near Bakerlads Farm near Clayton in Lenawee County, Mich. Fecal coliform bacteria concentrations ranged from 10 to 1.26 million colony forming units per 100 milliliters (CFU/100 mL). E. coli bacteria concentrations ranged from 8 to 540,000 CFU/100 mL. Data from the E. coli pathogen analysis showed that 73 percent of samples contained the eaeA gene, 1 percent of samples contained the stx2 gene, 37 percent of samples contained the stx1 gene, 21 percent of samples contained the rfbO157 gene, and 64 percent of samples contained the LTIIa gene.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081025","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Lenawee County Conservation District","usgsCitation":"Duris, J.W., and Beeler, S., 2008, Fecal-indicator bacteria and Escherichia coli pathogen data collected near a novel sub-irrigation water-treatment system in Lenawee County, Michigan, June-November 2007: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1025, iv, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081025.","productDescription":"iv, 13 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2007-06-01","temporalEnd":"2007-11-30","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190890,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20081025.JPG"},{"id":10784,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1025/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":367525,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1025/pdf/OFR2008-1025_text.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Lenawee County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.241111,\n 41.876389\n ],\n [\n -84.241111,\n 41.871111\n ],\n [\n -84.232222,\n 41.871111\n ],\n [\n -84.232222,\n 41.876389\n ],\n [\n -84.241111,\n 41.876389\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e4e4b07f02db5e63d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duris, Joseph W. 0000-0002-8669-8109 jwduris@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8669-8109","contributorId":1981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duris","given":"Joseph","email":"jwduris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":293870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beeler, Stephanie","contributorId":106986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeler","given":"Stephanie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80932,"text":"ofr20081022 - 2008 - Summary of Survival Data from Juvenile Coho Salmon in the Klamath River, Northern California, 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:17","indexId":"ofr20081022","displayToPublicDate":"2008-02-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1022","title":"Summary of Survival Data from Juvenile Coho Salmon in the Klamath River, Northern California, 2007","docAbstract":"A study to estimate the effects of Iron Gate Dam discharge on ESA-listed juvenile coho salmon during their seaward migration to the ocean was begun in 2005. Estimates of survival through various reaches of river downstream from the dam were completed in 2006 and 2007 as part of this process. This report describes the estimates of survival during 2007, and is a complement to a similar report from 2006. Further analyses will be included in a separate report. In 2007, a series of models were evaluated to determine what survival and capture probabilities of radio-tagged hatchery fish were in several reaches between Iron Gate Hatchery at river kilometer 309 and a site at river kilometer 33. The results indicate trends in survival among reaches were similar to those found in 2006, but the survival in 2007 was lower than in 2006. The differences in survivals from Iron Gate Hatchery to river kilometer 33 in 2006 (0.653 SE 0.039) and 2007 (0.497 SE 0.044) were caused primarily by differences in survivals upstream from the Scott River. This document is a brief summary of 2007 survival results.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081022","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Beeman, J.W., 2008, Summary of Survival Data from Juvenile Coho Salmon in the Klamath River, Northern California, 2007: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1022, iii, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081022.","productDescription":"iii, 7 p.","temporalStart":"2007-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190606,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10787,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1022/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db6994b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beeman, John W. jbeeman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeman","given":"John","email":"jbeeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":80928,"text":"fs20083008 - 2008 - Facing Tomorrow's Challenges - An Overview","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:25","indexId":"fs20083008","displayToPublicDate":"2008-02-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-3008","title":"Facing Tomorrow's Challenges - An Overview","docAbstract":"In 2007, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) developed a science strategy outlining the major natural-science issues facing the Nation in the next decade. The science strategy consists of six science directions of critical importance, focusing on areas where natural science can make a substantial contribution to the well-being of the Nation and the world. This fact sheet is an overview of the science strategy and describes how USGS research can strengthen the Nation with information needed to meet the challenges of the 21st century.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"USGS Science in the Decade 2007-2017","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs20083008","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Facing Tomorrow's Challenges - An Overview: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2008-3008, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20083008.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122574,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2008_3008.jpg"},{"id":10782,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3008/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a05e4b07f02db5f8854","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":80926,"text":"ofr20081014 - 2008 - Taming of a wild research well in Yellowstone National Park during November 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-11T14:26:04","indexId":"ofr20081014","displayToPublicDate":"2008-02-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1014","title":"Taming of a wild research well in Yellowstone National Park during November 1992","docAbstract":"Much of our current understanding of Yellowstone's geothermal areas comes from research drilling by the USGS during 1967 and 1968. Thirteen wells were drilled in thermal areas around the park. Scientists collected waters and rocks, measured temperatures and pressures and performed other tests to characterize the shallow subsurface at Yellowstone.\r\n\r\nMost wells were plugged and abandoned, but a few were left open for future scientific tests and sampling. One of those wells, the Y8, was located at Biscuit Basin, 2 miles north of Old Faithful. In November 1992, a valve at the ground surface failed, leading to a blowout, an uncontrolled eruption of steam and hot water.\r\n\r\nThe USGS and Yellowstone National Park worked with a drilling contractor to control the flow and plug the well. The lead scientist, Robert Fournier, used video taken by the drilling contractor, Tonto Services, to create this fascinating 28-minute-long film. It is followed by a short news story by CNN, also from November 1992. Fifteen years later, we felt that the video was of sufficient scientific and historical interest that it was worth publishing as a USGS Open-file report, where it can be accessed into the future. Enjoy!","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA ","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081014","usgsCitation":"Fournier, R.O., and Moore, M.M., 2008, Taming of a wild research well in Yellowstone National Park during November 1992 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1014, 28 minute video , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081014.","productDescription":"28 minute video ","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1992-11-01","temporalEnd":"1992-11-30","costCenters":[{"id":616,"text":"Volcano Hazards Team","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":686,"text":"Yellowstone Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":10774,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1014/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":190633,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111,44 ], [ -111,45 ], [ -110,45 ], [ -110,44 ], [ -111,44 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adde4b07f02db686dbb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fournier, Robert O.","contributorId":73202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fournier","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, Michael M.","contributorId":69657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80922,"text":"sir20075193 - 2008 - Recovery of Ground-Water Levels From 1988 to 2003 and Analysis of Potential Water-Supply Management Options in Critical Area 1, East-Central New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:22","indexId":"sir20075193","displayToPublicDate":"2008-02-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5193","title":"Recovery of Ground-Water Levels From 1988 to 2003 and Analysis of Potential Water-Supply Management Options in Critical Area 1, East-Central New Jersey","docAbstract":"Water levels in four confined aquifers in the New Jersey Coastal Plain within Water Supply Critical Area 1 have recovered as a result of reductions in ground-water withdrawals initiated by the State in the late 1980s. The aquifers are the Wenonah-Mount Laurel, the Upper and Middle Potomac-Raritan-Magothy, and Englishtown aquifer system. Because of increased water demand due to increased development in Monmouth, Ocean, and Middlesex Counties, five base and nine alternate management models were designed for the four aquifers to evaluate the effects resulting from potential reallocation of part of the Critical Area 1 reductions in withdrawals. The change in withdrawals and associated water-level changes in the aquifers for 1988-2003 are discussed. Generally, withdrawals decreased 25 to 30 Mgal/d (million gallons per day), and water levels increased 0 to 80 ft (feet).\r\n\r\nThe Regional Aquifer-System Analysis (RASA) ground-water-flow model of the New Jersey Coastal Plain developed by the U.S. Geological Survey was used to simulate ground-water flow and optimize withdrawals using the Ground-Water Management Process (GWM) for MODFLOW. Results of the model were used to evaluate the effects of several possible water-supply management options in order to provide the information to water managers. The optimization method, which provides a means to set constraints that support mandated hydrologic conditions, then determine the maximum withdrawals that meet the constraints, is a more cost-effective approach than simulating a range of withdrawals to determine the effects on the aquifer system. The optimization method is particularly beneficial for a regional-scale study of this kind because of the large number of wells to be evaluated. Before the model was run, a buffer analysis was done to define an area with no additional withdrawals that minimizes changes in simulated streamflow in aquifer outcrop areas and simulated movement of ground water toward the wells from areas of possible high chloride concentrations in the northern and southern parts of the Critical Area.\r\n\r\nFive base water-supply management models were developed. Each management model has an objective function, decision variables, and constraints. Two of the five management models were test cases: clean slate option and reallocation from the Wenonah-Mount Laurel aquifer and Englishtown aquifer system to small volume wells for potable water use. Nine other models also were developed as part of a trade-off analysis between withdrawal amounts and constraint values. The 14 management models included current (2003) or regularly spaced well locations with variations on the constraints of ground-water head, drawdown, velocity at the 250-mg/L (milligram per liter) isochlor, and withdrawal rate.\r\n\r\nResults of each management model were evaluated in terms of withdrawals, heads, saltwater intrusion, and source of water by aquifer. Each trade-off curve was defined by using six to nine separate management model runs. Results of the management models designed in this study indicate that a withdrawal reallocation of 5 to 20 Mgal/d within Critical Area 1 would increase the area of heads below -30 ft and the velocity at the 250-mg/L isochlor by up to 4 times that of the simulated 2003 results; the range of values are 0 to 521 square miles and 1 to 20 feet per year, respectively. The increase in area of heads below -30 ft was larger in the Middle Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer than in other aquifers because that area was negligible in 2003. The range of modeled withdrawals is closely tied to management-model design. Interpretation of management model results is provided as well as a discussion of limitations.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20075193","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Spitz, F.J., Watt, M.K., and dePaul, V., 2008, Recovery of Ground-Water Levels From 1988 to 2003 and Analysis of Potential Water-Supply Management Options in Critical Area 1, East-Central New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5193, vi, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075193.","productDescription":"vi, 41 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1988-01-01","temporalEnd":"2003-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194381,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10770,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5193/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.5,38 ], [ -76.5,41 ], [ -73,41 ], [ -73,38 ], [ -76.5,38 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db635486","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spitz, Frederick J. 0000-0002-1391-2127 fspitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1391-2127","contributorId":2777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spitz","given":"Frederick","email":"fspitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watt, Martha K. 0000-0001-5651-3428 mwatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5651-3428","contributorId":3275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watt","given":"Martha","email":"mwatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"dePaul, Vincent T. 0000-0002-7977-5217","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7977-5217","contributorId":13972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"dePaul","given":"Vincent T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":80924,"text":"ds324 - 2008 - Database of the geology and thermal activity of Norris Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-11T14:32:04","indexId":"ds324","displayToPublicDate":"2008-02-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"324","title":"Database of the geology and thermal activity of Norris Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park","docAbstract":"This dataset contains contacts, geologic units and map boundaries from Plate 1 of USGS Professional Paper 1456, 'The Geology and Remarkable Thermal Activity of Norris Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming.' The features are contained in the Annotation, basins_poly, contours, geology_arc, geology_poly, point_features, and stream_arc feature classes as well as a table of geologic units and their descriptions.\r\n\r\nThis dataset was constructed to produce a digital geologic map as a basis for studying hydrothermal processes in Norris Geyser Basin.\r\n\r\nThe original map does not contain registration tic marks. To create the geodatabase, the original scanned map was georegistered to USGS aerial photographs of the Norris Junction quadrangle collected in 1994. Manmade objects, i.e. roads, parking lots, and the visitor center, along with stream junctions and other hydrographic features, were used for registration.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ","doi":"10.3133/ds324","usgsCitation":"Flynn, K., Graham Wall, B., White, D.E., Hutchinson, R.A., Keith, T.E., Clor, L., and Robinson, J., 2008, Database of the geology and thermal activity of Norris Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 324, Report: 94 p.; 1 Plate: 36 x 41 inches; Read Me; Metadata; Data Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds324.","productDescription":"Report: 94 p.; 1 Plate: 36 x 41 inches; Read Me; Metadata; Data Files","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1969-01-01","temporalEnd":"1982-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195408,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10772,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/324/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"2400","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.71575,44.718665 ], [ -110.71575,44.735501 ], [ -110.69805,44.735501 ], [ -110.69805,44.718665 ], [ -110.71575,44.718665 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672a36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flynn, Kathryn","contributorId":106995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flynn","given":"Kathryn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graham Wall, Brita","contributorId":19651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham Wall","given":"Brita","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, Donald E.","contributorId":76787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hutchinson, Roderick A.","contributorId":34579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"Roderick","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Keith, Terry E.C.","contributorId":79099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keith","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"E.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Clor, Laura","contributorId":6962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clor","given":"Laura","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Robinson, Joel E. 0000-0002-5193-3666 jrobins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5193-3666","contributorId":2757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Joel E.","email":"jrobins@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":80921,"text":"pp1752 - 2008 - Geology of the Northern Part of the Harcuvar Complex, West-Central Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:49","indexId":"pp1752","displayToPublicDate":"2008-02-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1752","title":"Geology of the Northern Part of the Harcuvar Complex, West-Central Arizona","docAbstract":"In west-central Arizona near the northeast margin of the Basin and Range Province, the Rawhide detachment fault separates Tertiary and older rocks lacking significant effects of Tertiary metamorphism from Precambrian, Paleozoic, and Mesozoic rocks in the Harcuvar metamorphic core complex below. Much of the northern part of the Harcuvar complex in the Buckskin and eastern Harcuvar Mountains is layered granitic gneiss, biotite gneiss, amphibolite, and minor pelitic schist that was probably deformed and metamorphosed in Early Proterozoic time. In the eastern Buckskin Mountains, Early and Middle Proterozoic plutons having U-Pb zircon ages of 1,683?6.4 mega-annum (Ma) and 1,388?2.3 Ma, respectively, intruded the layered gneiss. Small plutons of alkaline gabbro and diorite intruded in Late Jurassic time. A sample of mylonitized diorite from this unit has a U-Pb zircon age of 149?2.8 Ma. In the Early Cretaceous, amphibolite facies regional metamorphism was accompanied by partial melting and formation of migmatite. Zircon from a granitic layer in migmatitic gneiss in the eastern Harcuvar Mountains has a U-Pb age of 110?3.7 Ma. In the Late Cretaceous, sills and plutons of the granite of Tank Pass were emplaced in both the Buckskin and eastern Harcuvar Mountains. In the Buckskin Mountains those intrusions are locally numerous enough to form an injection migmatite. A pluton of this granite crops out over almost half the area of the eastern Harcuvar Mountains.\r\n\r\nPaleozoic and Mesozoic sedimentary rocks were caught as slices along south-vergent Cretaceous thrusts related to the Maria fold and thrust belt and were metamorphosed beneath a thick sheet of Proterozoic crustal rocks.\r\n\r\nInception of volcanism and basin formation in upper-plate rocks indicates that regional extension started at about 26 Ma, in late Oligocene. The Swansea Plutonic Suite, composed of rocks ranging from gabbro to granite, intruded the lower-plate rocks in the Miocene and Oligocene(?). Granite and a gabbro from the suite have a U-Pb zircon age of 21.86?0.60 Ma. Previously published 40Ar/39Ar ages of hornblende suggest that some of the Swansea Suite is Oligocene. The felsic rocks contain numerous inclusions ranging from porphyritic granite to porphyritic granodiorite. A sample from one inclusion has a U-Pb zircon age of 1,409?6.3 Ma. A discordia line for the U-Pb zircon data from the Swansea Plutonic Suite has an upper intercept at 1,408?3.4 Ma. The Swansea Plutonic Suite probably formed by interaction between mantle material and plutonic rocks at least as old as Middle Proterozoic. An irregular layer in the middle crust, which is thickest under and adjacent to the Buckskin Mountains, may be the level where that interaction took place.\r\n\r\nDuring extensional deformation these rocks and all the older rocks were displaced southwest from beneath the rocks of the Colorado Plateau transition zone below an area extending 50?80 kilometers northeast of the Buckskin Mountains as far as Bagdad, Arizona, or beyond. At that time the rocks were variably mylonitized, and a northeast-trending lineation formed. Much of the evidence for the complex sequence of structural events preserved in these rocks in the western Harcuvar Mountains has been obliterated in the northern Harcuvar complex by Miocene deformation.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/pp1752","isbn":"9781411320413","usgsCitation":"Bryant, B., and Wooden, J.L., 2008, Geology of the Northern Part of the Harcuvar Complex, West-Central Arizona (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1752, v, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1752.","productDescription":"v, 52 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195079,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10769,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1752/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117,32 ], [ -117,37 ], [ -111,37 ], [ -111,32 ], [ -117,32 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ade54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bryant, Bruce bbryant@usgs.gov","contributorId":1355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryant","given":"Bruce","email":"bbryant@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70205402,"text":"70205402 - 2008 - Can we dismiss the effect of changes in land‐based water storage on sea‐level rise?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-17T11:42:58","indexId":"70205402","displayToPublicDate":"2008-02-01T11:32:03","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Can we dismiss the effect of changes in land‐based water storage on sea‐level rise?","docAbstract":"The rate of global mean sea-level rise (SLR) during the 20th century is estimated to be 1.7 mm yr−1 ±0.3 yr−1 (Church and White, 2006). SLR during the 20th century was a result of thermal expansion of the oceans and the release of water from terrestrial storage reservoirs (Bindoff et al., 2007). The latter process is thought to be dominated by the melting of glaciers and polar ice caps, but human alterations to the landscape and climate-change driven feedbacks may also affect land-based water storage (Gornitz et al., 1997; Mitrovica et al., 2001; Bindoff et al., 2007). Estimates of the amount of SLR that can be explained by the combination of thermosteric effects and the melting of ice and snow consistently underestimate SLR determined from observations based on tide gages and satellite altimetry (Gornitz et al., 1997; Church et al.,2001; Miller and Douglas, 2004; Lombard et al., 2006; Bindoff et al.,2007). Refinements in estimates of changes in volumes of land ice and thermosteric effects have reduced the component of SLR that remains unexplained between the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change third assessment (Church et al., 2001) and current estimates (Lombard et al., 2006).
Anthropogenic alterations that result in or imply net land-to-ocean transfers include groundwater depletion (GWD), sedimentation in reservoirs, wetland loss, surface water depletion (SWD), and deforestation. GWD occurs when the rate of withdrawal exceeds the rate of recharge over decadal time scales (Sahagian, 2000; Konikow and Kendy, 2005).SWD occurs when the rate of withdrawal from rivers, lakes or impound-ments exceeds natural inputs to these water bodies (Falkenmark andLannerstad, 2005; Haddeland et al., 2006). There are also indirect effects of human alterations of the landscape, such as deforestation and desertification that can affect local or regional precipitation and, ultimately, reduce recharge and decrease water storage in soils and underlying aquifers (Wang and Eltahir, 2000). Anthropogenic or climate-driven changes in land use can affect albedo and alter energy and water budgets resulting in changes in soil moisture storage. Climate feedbacks can also alter terrestrial water balance (Milly et al., 2003) and hydrologic conditions in permafrost environments (Hinzman et al., 2005). Anthropogenicalterations that result in ocean-to-land transfers include reservoir construction for surface water storage and leakage of water impounded behind dams into underlying aquifers (Vorosmarty and Sahagian, 2000).
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.7001","usgsCitation":"Huntington, T.G., 2008, Can we dismiss the effect of changes in land‐based water storage on sea‐level rise?: Hydrological Processes, v. 22, no. 5, p. 717-723, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7001.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"717","endPage":"723","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":367480,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huntington, Thomas G. 0000-0002-9427-3530 thunting@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9427-3530","contributorId":1884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntington","given":"Thomas","email":"thunting@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":771057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70236413,"text":"70236413 - 2008 - Magmatic and tectonic evolution of the Caetano caldera, north-central Nevada: A tilted, mid-Tertiary eruptive center and source of the Caetano Tuff","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-14T15:44:12.880181","indexId":"70236413","displayToPublicDate":"2008-02-01T10:47:13","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Magmatic and tectonic evolution of the Caetano caldera, north-central Nevada: A tilted, mid-Tertiary eruptive center and source of the Caetano Tuff","docAbstract":"The Caetano Tuff is a late Eocene, rhyolite ash-flow tuff that crops out within an ∼90-km-long, east-west–trending belt in north-central Nevada, previously interpreted as an elongate graben or “volcano-tectonic trough.” New field, petrographic, geochemical, and geochronologic data show that: (1) the east half of the “trough” is actually the Caetano caldera, formed by eruption of the Caetano Tuff at 33.8 Ma and later structurally dismembered during Miocene extension; (2) the west half of the trough includes both the distinctly younger and unrelated Fish Creek Mountains caldera (ca. 24.7 Ma) and a west-trending paleovalley partly filled with outflow Caetano Tuff; and (3) the Caetano Tuff as previously defined actually consists of three distinct units, two units of the 33.8 Ma Caetano Tuff and an older (34.2 Ma) tuff, exposed north of the Caetano caldera, herein named the tuff of Cove Mine.
Miocene extensional faulting and tilting has exposed the Caetano caldera over a paleodepth range of >5 km, from the caldera floor through post-caldera sedimentary rocks, providing exceptional constraints on an evolutionary model of the caldera that are rarely available for other calderas. The Caetano caldera filled with more than 4 km of intracaldera Caetano Tuff, while outflow tuff flowed west and south of the caldera, primarily down Eocene paleovalleys. Caldera fill consists of two units of Caetano Tuff. The lower compound cooling unit is as much as 3600 m thick and is separated by a complete cooling break from a 500–1000-m-thick upper unit that consists of multiple, thin, ash flows interbedded with sedimentary deposits. Multiple granite porphyries, including the 25-km2 Carico Lake pluton, intruded and domed the center of the caldera within 0.1 Ma of caldera formation; one of these porphyries is associated with pervasive argillic and advanced argillic alteration of the western half of the caldera. All exposed caldera-related rocks are rhyolites or granites (71–77.5 wt% SiO2). Caldera collapse was significantly greater than the thickness of caldera fill and created a topographic depression that served as a depocenter until at least 25 Ma, filling with nearly 1 km of sediments and distally derived, ash-flow tuffs.
The caldera is presently exposed in a series of 40–50°, east-tilted blocks bounded by north-striking, west-dipping normal faults that formed after 16 Ma. Slip on these faults accommodated ∼100% E-W extension, making the restored Caetano caldera ∼20 km east-west by 10–18 km north-south. The estimated volume of intracaldera Caetano Tuff is, therefore, ∼840 km3, and the minimum estimated total eruptive volume is ∼1100 km3. Although the Caetano magmatic system was probably too young to supply heat for nearby Carlin-type gold deposits in the Cortez district, earlier nearby magmatic activity may have contributed to formation of these deposits. Reconstruction of the late Eocene, pre-Caetano caldera geologic setting, immediately prior to caldera formation, indicates that the Cortez Hills and Horse Canyon Carlin-type deposits formed at ≤1 km depths.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES00116.1","usgsCitation":"John, D.A., Henry, C., and Colgan, J.P., 2008, Magmatic and tectonic evolution of the Caetano caldera, north-central Nevada: A tilted, mid-Tertiary eruptive center and source of the Caetano Tuff: Geosphere, v. 4, no. 1, p. 75-106, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00116.1.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"106","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476620,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges00116.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":406237,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Caetano caldera","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118,\n 39.75\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 39.75\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 40.75\n ],\n [\n -118,\n 40.75\n ],\n [\n -118,\n 39.75\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"John, David A. 0000-0001-7977-9106 djohn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7977-9106","contributorId":1748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"John","given":"David","email":"djohn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":850929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henry, Christopher D.","contributorId":36556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"Christopher D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Colgan, Joseph P. 0000-0001-6671-1436 jcolgan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6671-1436","contributorId":1649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colgan","given":"Joseph","email":"jcolgan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":850931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70236412,"text":"70236412 - 2008 - A prominent geophysical feature along the northern Nevada rift and its geologic implications, north-central Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-06T15:46:08.204682","indexId":"70236412","displayToPublicDate":"2008-02-01T10:41:14","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A prominent geophysical feature along the northern Nevada rift and its geologic implications, north-central Nevada","docAbstract":"We consider the origin and character of a prominent large-scale geophysical feature in north-central Nevada that is coincident with the western margin of the northern Nevada rift—a mid-Miocene rift that includes mafic dike swarms and associated volcanic rocks expressed by a NNW-striking magnetic anomaly. The geophysical feature also correlates with mid-Miocene epithermal gold deposits and is coincident with the central part of the Battle Mountain–Eureka mineral trend. The Reese River Valley, a 2-km-deep Cenozoic basin, is located along the western margin of this feature and is inferred from the inversion of gravity data to be influenced by, and perhaps in part structurally controlled by, the geophysical feature.
Geophysical modeling indicates that the source of the geophysical anomaly must extend to mid-crustal depths, perhaps reflecting a transition from Paleozoic crust in the southwest to Precambrian crust in the northeast, the presence of felsic intrusive rocks in the middle crust, or the edge of mid- to sub-crustal mafic intrusions related to late Tertiary magmatic underplating associated with hotspot magmatism.
These cases offer very different possibilities for the age, depth, and origin of the source of the geophysical anomaly, and they present distinct implications for crustal evolution in the northern Great Basin. For example, if the anomaly is due to a pre-Cenozoic basement structure, then its coincidence with the mid-Miocene northern Nevada rift suggests that the trend of the rift was guided by the pre-existing crustal structure. On the other hand, if the anomaly is related to Tertiary mafic intrusions, then the western limit of this magmatism may have been influenced by hotspot fracturing of the crust.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES00117.1","usgsCitation":"Ponce, D.A., and Glen, J.M., 2008, A prominent geophysical feature along the northern Nevada rift and its geologic implications, north-central Nevada: Geosphere, v. 4, no. 1, p. 207-217, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00117.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"207","endPage":"217","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476621,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges00117.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":406235,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Nevada rift","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -114.5,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -114.5,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -118,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -118,\n 39\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ponce, David A. 0000-0003-4785-7354 ponce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4785-7354","contributorId":1049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponce","given":"David","email":"ponce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":850927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glen, Jonathan M.G. 0000-0002-3502-3355 jglen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3502-3355","contributorId":176530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glen","given":"Jonathan","email":"jglen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.G.","affiliations":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":850928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70199713,"text":"70199713 - 2008 - Principal hydrologic responses to climatic and geologic variability in the Sierra Nevada, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T09:10:21","indexId":"70199713","displayToPublicDate":"2008-02-01T10:14:43","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3331,"text":"San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Principal hydrologic responses to climatic and geologic variability in the Sierra Nevada, California","docAbstract":"Sierra Nevada snowpack is a critical water source for California’s growing population and agricultural industry. However, because mountain winters and springs are warming, on average, precipitation as snowfall relative to rain is decreasing, and snowmelt is earlier. The changes are stronger at mid-elevations than at higher elevations. The result is that the water supply provided by snowpack is diminishing. In this paper, we describe principal hydrologic responses to climatic and spatial geologic variations as gleaned from a series of observations including snowpack, stream-flow, and bedrock geology. Our analysis focused on peak (maximum) and base (minimum) daily discharge of the annual snowmelt-driven hydrographs from 18 Sierra Nevada watersheds and 24 stream gage locations using standard correlation methods. Insights into the importance of the relative magnitudes of peak flow and soil water storage led us to develop a hydrologic classification of mountain watersheds based on runoff versus base flow as a percentage of peak flow. Our findings suggest that watersheds with a stronger base flow response store more soil water than watersheds with a stronger peak-flow response. Further, the influence of antecedent wet or dry years is greater in watersheds with high base flow, measured as a percentage of peak flow. The strong correlation between 1) the magnitude of peak flow, and 2) snow water equivalent can be used to predict peak flow weeks in advance. A weaker but similar correlation can be used to predict the magnitude of base flow months in advance. Most of the watersheds show a trend that peak flow is occurring earlier in the year.
","language":"English","publisher":"John Muir Institute of the Environment","usgsCitation":"Peterson, D.H., Stewart, I., and Murphy, F., 2008, Principal hydrologic responses to climatic and geologic variability in the Sierra Nevada, California: San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science, p. 1-21.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"21","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357762,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":357744,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/nrp/proj.bib/Publications/2008/peterson_stewart_etal_2008.pdf"},{"id":358458,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2743f2n3"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122,\n 37.5\n ],\n [\n -119.5,\n 37.5\n ],\n [\n -119.5,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 37.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10d475e4b034bf6a7fa22b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, David H.","contributorId":147316,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, Iris","contributorId":87218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Iris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murphy, Fred fmurphy@usgs.gov","contributorId":4572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Fred","email":"fmurphy@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70202256,"text":"70202256 - 2008 - Introduction to planetary and space science special issue: Mars polar processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-19T09:19:54","indexId":"70202256","displayToPublicDate":"2008-02-01T09:17:53","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3083,"text":"Planetary and Space Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Introduction to planetary and space science special issue: Mars polar processes","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.pss.2007.08.002","usgsCitation":"Titus, T.N., Colaprete, A., and Prettyman, T.H., 2008, Introduction to planetary and space science special issue: Mars polar processes: Planetary and Space Science, v. 56, no. 2, p. 147-149, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2007.08.002.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"147","endPage":"149","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361326,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"56","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Titus, Timothy N. 0000-0003-0700-4875 ttitus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0700-4875","contributorId":146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titus","given":"Timothy","email":"ttitus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Colaprete, Anthony","contributorId":197548,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Colaprete","given":"Anthony","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":757527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prettyman, Thomas H.","contributorId":197551,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Prettyman","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":757528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70236404,"text":"70236404 - 2008 - Large-magnitude Miocene extension of the Eocene Caetano caldera, Shoshone and Toiyabe Ranges, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-14T16:33:29.717937","indexId":"70236404","displayToPublicDate":"2008-02-01T08:46:55","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Large-magnitude Miocene extension of the Eocene Caetano caldera, Shoshone and Toiyabe Ranges, Nevada","docAbstract":"Because major mineral deposits in north-central Nevada predate significant Basin and Range extension, a detailed understanding of the timing and kinematics of extensional faulting is necessary to place these deposits in their original structural context. The complexity of pre-Cenozoic deformation in northern Nevada makes restoring Basin and Range faulting difficult without locating well-dated, regionally extensive Cenozoic units that can be used to restore slip along normal faults. The goal of this study is to reconstruct extensional faulting in the Shoshone and northern Toiyabe Ranges by using Cenozoic rocks in and around the Caetano caldera, which formed ca. 33.8 Ma during eruption of the Caetano Tuff. The caldera filled with more than 4 km of intracaldera tuff during initial caldera-forming eruptions, and additional sedimentary and volcanic rocks subsequently filled the topographic depression left by the caldera collapse. These rocks are conformable over the interval 34–25 Ma, consistent with little, if any, extension during that time. The 34–25 Ma rocks were later cut by a set of closely spaced (1–3 km) normal faults that accommodated significant extension and foot-wall rotations of 40°–50°. Restored structural cross sections indicate that the present ∼42 km (east-west) width of the Caetano caldera has been extended 110%, resulting in 22 ± 3 km westward translation of the Fish Creek Mountains relative to the southern Cortez Range. Major normal faults mapped within the caldera continue south and north along strike into the surrounding Paleozoic basement rocks; therefore it is likely that parts of surrounding areas are also significantly extended. Miocene (16–12 Ma) sedimentary rocks in the hanging walls of major normal faults include both fluvial/lacustrine facies and coarser alluvial fan deposits. Where exposed, the bases of the Miocene sedimentary sections are in angular conformity with underlying ∼40°E tilted 34–25 Ma volcanic and sedimentary rocks. The distribution, composition, and geometry of these deposits are best explained by accumulation in a set of half-graben basins that formed in response to slip on basin-bounding faults. Extension thus appears to have taken place in the middle Miocene, beginning at or shortly after 16 Ma, and was mostly completed by 10–12 Ma. Fault blocks and basins formed during middle Miocene extension are cut by younger, more widely spaced, high-angle normal faults that began forming more recently than 10–12 Ma. These faults outline the modern basins and ranges in the study area and some have remained active into the Holocene.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES00115.1","usgsCitation":"Colgan, J.P., John, D.A., Henry, C., and Fleck, R.J., 2008, Large-magnitude Miocene extension of the Eocene Caetano caldera, Shoshone and Toiyabe Ranges, Nevada: Geosphere, v. 4, no. 1, p. 107-130, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00115.1.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"107","endPage":"130","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476622,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges00115.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":406229,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Eocene Caetano caldera, Shoshone and Toiyabe Ranges","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118,\n 40.75\n ],\n [\n -116.25,\n 40.75\n ],\n [\n -116.25,\n 39.75\n ],\n [\n -118,\n 39.75\n ],\n [\n -118,\n 40.75\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colgan, Joseph P. 0000-0001-6671-1436 jcolgan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6671-1436","contributorId":1649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colgan","given":"Joseph","email":"jcolgan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":850903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"John, David A. 0000-0001-7977-9106 djohn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7977-9106","contributorId":1748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"John","given":"David","email":"djohn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":850904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henry, Christopher D.","contributorId":36556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"Christopher D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fleck, Robert J. 0000-0002-3149-8249 fleck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3149-8249","contributorId":1048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleck","given":"Robert","email":"fleck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":850906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":80917,"text":"sir20075269 - 2008 - 2005 volcanic activity in Alaska, Kamchatka, and the Kurile Islands: Summary of events and response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-05T21:51:10.74211","indexId":"sir20075269","displayToPublicDate":"2008-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5269","title":"2005 volcanic activity in Alaska, Kamchatka, and the Kurile Islands: Summary of events and response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory","docAbstract":"The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) responded to eruptive activity or suspected volcanic activity at or near 16 volcanoes in Alaska during 2005, including the high profile precursory activity associated with the 2005–06 eruption of Augustine Volcano. AVO continues to participate in distributing information about eruptive activity on the Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia, and in the Kurile Islands of the Russian Far East, in conjunction with the Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) and the Sakhalin Volcanic Eruption Response Team (SVERT), respectively. In 2005, AVO helped broadcast alerts about activity at 8 Russian volcanoes. The most serious hazard posed from volcanic eruptions in Alaska, Kamchatka, or the Kurile Islands is the placement of ash into the atmosphere at altitudes traversed by jet aircraft along the North Pacific and Russian Trans East air routes. AVO, KVERT, and SVERT work collaboratively with the National Weather Service, Federal Aviation Administration, and the Volcanic Ash Advisory Centers to provide timely warnings of volcanic eruptions and the production and movement of ash clouds.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20075269","collaboration":"The Alaska Volcano Observatory is a cooperative program of the U.S. Geological Survey, University of Alaska Fairbanks Geophysical Institute, and the Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys. The Alaska Volcano Observtory is funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Volcano Hazards Program and the State of Alaska.","usgsCitation":"McGimsey, R.G., Neal, C., Dixon, J.P., and Ushakov, S., 2008, 2005 volcanic activity in Alaska, Kamchatka, and the Kurile Islands: Summary of events and response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5269, viii, 94 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075269.","productDescription":"viii, 94 p.","numberOfPages":"106","temporalStart":"2005-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125277,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2007_5269.jpg"},{"id":10765,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5269/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":415307,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_83240.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Russia, United States","state":"Alaska, Kamchatka","otherGeospatial":"Kurile Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -179.9,\n 51.2278\n ],\n [\n -141,\n 51.2278\n ],\n [\n -141,\n 62.5\n ],\n [\n -179.9,\n 62.5\n ],\n [\n -179.9,\n 51.2278\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 179.9,\n 62.5\n ],\n [\n 155,\n 62.5\n ],\n [\n 155,\n 50\n ],\n [\n 179.9,\n 50\n ],\n [\n 179.9,\n 62.5\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd491fe4b0b290850eee89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGimsey, R. G.","contributorId":93921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGimsey","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neal, C.A. 0000-0002-7697-7825","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7697-7825","contributorId":91122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neal","given":"C.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dixon, J. P.","contributorId":59135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ushakov, Sergey","contributorId":12135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ushakov","given":"Sergey","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70159618,"text":"70159618 - 2008 - Food security under climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-13T09:48:36","indexId":"70159618","displayToPublicDate":"2008-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Food security under climate change","docAbstract":"Food insecurity is likely to increase under climate change, unless early warning systems and development programs are used more effectively.
","language":"English","publisher":"AAAS","doi":"10.1126/science.1154102","usgsCitation":"Brown, M.E., and Funk, C.C., 2008, Food security under climate change: Science, v. 319, no. 5863, p. 580-581, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1154102.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"580","endPage":"581","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311290,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"319","issue":"5863","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564717c5e4b0e2669b31310e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Molly E.","contributorId":62490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Molly","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Funk, Christopher C. 0000-0002-9254-6718 cfunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-6718","contributorId":721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funk","given":"Christopher","email":"cfunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":579740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80913,"text":"ofr20071402 - 2008 - Abundance Trends and Status of the Little Colorado River Population of Humpback Chub: An Update Considering 1989-2006 Data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:28","indexId":"ofr20071402","displayToPublicDate":"2008-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1402","title":"Abundance Trends and Status of the Little Colorado River Population of Humpback Chub: An Update Considering 1989-2006 Data","docAbstract":"EXECUTIVE SUMMARY\r\n\r\nIn 1967, the humpback chub (Gila cypha) (HBC) was added to the federal list of endangered species and is today protected under the Endangered Species Act of 1973. Only six populations of humpback chub are currently known to exist, five in the Colorado River Basin above Lees Ferry, Arizona, and one in Grand Canyon, Arizona. The majority of Grand Canyon humpback chub are found in the Little Colorado River (LCR)-the largest tributary to the Colorado River in Grand Canyon-and the Colorado River near its confluence with the Little Colorado River. Monitoring and research of the Grand Canyon humpback chub population is overseen by the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (GCMRC) under the auspices of the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program (GCDAMP), a Federal initiative to protect and improve resources downstream of Glen Canyon Dam.\r\n\r\nThis report provides updated information on the status and trends of the LCR population in light of new information and refined assessment methodology. An earlier assessment of the LCR population (Coggins and others, 2006a) used data collected during 1989?2002; the assessment provided here includes that data and additional data collected through 2006. Catch-rate indices, closed population mark-recapture model abundance estimates, results from the original age-structured mark recapture (ASMR) model (Coggins and others, 2006b), and a newly refined ASMR model are presented. This report also seeks to (1) formally evaluate alternative stock assessment models using Pearson residual analyses and information theoretic procedures, (2) use mark-recapture data to estimate the relationship between HBC age and length, (3) translate uncertainty in the assignment of individual fish age to resulting estimates of recruitment and abundance from the ASMR model, and (4) evaluate past and present stock assessments considering the available data sources and analyses, recognizing the limitations inherent in both.\r\n\r\nA major task of this study was to improve the overall methodology used to conduct HBC stock assessment by addressing concerns identified in an independent review conducted in 2003 (Kitchell and others, 2003). The review report identified that the current technique of assigning age to individual fish based on length was a potential source of bias in ASMR estimates of abundance and recruitment, and called for a more complete examination of this potential error source. Additionally, the review suggested that further work to develop procedures to better arbitrate among alternative assessment models (e.g., ASMR 1?3) would be beneficial.\r\n\r\nTo address the first of the concerns identified by the independent review, this study uses mark-recapture data to develop a temperature-dependent growth model to characterize the relationship between HBC age and length. This model attempts to account for temperature differences resulting from both ontogenetic habitat shifts between the Little Colorado and the mainstem Colorado Rivers as well as seasonal variation in water temperature within the LCR. The resulting growth model is then used to characterize the error in assigning age to individual fish based on length. Results presented in this study suggest that ageing error does not result in large bias in either abundance or recruitment estimates from the ASMR model. However, incorporating ageing error into the assessment does result in less precise estimates, particularly for recruitment.\r\n\r\nTo address the second concern brought forward in the review report related to model selection procedures, this study arbitrated among the competing models by both examining model fit using Pearson residual analyses and considering information theoretic measures. Although adult abundance estimates and trend varied little among all models considered, these procedures identified ASMR 3 as the model whose underlying assumptions were most consistent with the data. Because ASMR 3 is ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071402","usgsCitation":"Coggins, 2008, Abundance Trends and Status of the Little Colorado River Population of Humpback Chub: An Update Considering 1989-2006 Data (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1402, vi, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071402.","productDescription":"vi, 53 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195122,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10757,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1402/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b13e4b07f02db6a3956","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coggins, Jr.","contributorId":54306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coggins","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":80919,"text":"ds285 - 2008 - Ground-water quality data in the Southern Sacramento Valley, California, 2005 — Results from the California GAMA Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-23T20:04:05.45029","indexId":"ds285","displayToPublicDate":"2008-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"285","title":"Ground-water quality data in the Southern Sacramento Valley, California, 2005 — Results from the California GAMA Program","docAbstract":"Ground-water quality in the approximately 2,100 square-mile Southern Sacramento Valley study unit (SSACV) was investigated from March to June 2005 as part of the Statewide Basin Assessment Project of Ground-Water Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. This study was designed to provide a spatially unbiased assessment of raw ground-water quality within SSACV, as well as a statistically consistent basis for comparing water quality throughout California. Samples were collected from 83 wells in Placer, Sacramento, Solano, Sutter, and Yolo Counties. Sixty-seven of the wells were selected using a randomized grid-based method to provide statistical representation of the study area. Sixteen of the wells were sampled to evaluate changes in water chemistry along ground-water flow paths. Four additional samples were collected at one of the wells to evaluate water-quality changes with depth.
The GAMA Statewide Basin Assessment project was developed in response to the Ground-Water Quality Monitoring Act of 2001 and is being conducted by the California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) in collaboration with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL).
The ground-water samples were analyzed for a large number of man-made organic constituents (volatile organic compounds [VOCs], pesticides and pesticide degradates, pharmaceutical compounds, and wastewater-indicator constituents), constituents of special interest (perchlorate, N-nitrosodimethylamine [NDMA], and 1,2,3-trichloropropane [1,2,3-TCP]), naturally occurring inorganic constituents (nutrients, major and minor ions, and trace elements), radioactive constituents, and microbial indicators. Naturally occurring isotopes (tritium, and carbon-14, and stable isotopes of hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon), and dissolved noble gases also were measured to help identify the source and age of the sampled ground water.
Quality-control samples (blanks, replicates, matrix spikes) were collected at ten percent of the wells, and the results for these samples were used to evaluate the quality of the data for the ground-water samples. Assessment of the quality-control data resulted in censoring of less than 0.03 percent of the analyses of ground-water samples.
This study did not evaluate the quality of water delivered to consumers; after withdrawal from the ground, water typically is treated, disinfected, and (or) blended with other waters to maintain acceptable water quality. Regulatory thresholds apply to treated water that is served to the consumer, not to raw ground water. However, to provide some context for the results, concentrations of constituents measured in the raw ground water were compared with health-based thresholds established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and California Department of Health Services (CADHS) (Maximum Contaminant Levels [MCLs], notification levels [NLs], or lifetime health advisories [HA-Ls]) and thresholds established for aesthetic concerns (Secondary Maximum Contaminant Levels [SMCLs]).
All wells were sampled for organic constituents and selected general water quality parameters; subsets of wells were sampled for inorganic constituents, nutrients, and radioactive constituents. Volatile organic compounds were detected in 49 out of 83 wells sampled and pesticides were detected in 34 out of 82 wells; all detections were below health-based thresholds, with the exception of 1 detection of 1,2,3-trichloropropane above a NL. Of the 43 wells sampled for trace elements, 27 had no detections of a trace element above a health-based threshold and 16 had at least one detection above. Of the 18 trace elements with health-based thresholds, 3 (arsenic, barium, and boron) were detected at concentrations higher an MCL. Of the 43 wells sampled for nitrate, only 1 well had a detection above the MCL. Twenty wells were sampled for radioactive constituents; only 1 (radon-222) was measured at activities higher than the proposed MCL. Radon-222 was detected below the threshold in 7 wells and above the threshold in 13 wells.
SMCLs have been established for nine constituents or parameters analyzed in SSACV. Six were measured at levels higher than an SMCL: chloride, iron, manganese, pH, specific conductance, and total dissolved solids. Chloride, iron, manganese, pH, and total dissolved solids were measured in 43 wells: 27 wells had no measurements above a threshold and 16 wells had a measurement above a threshold. Specific conductance was measured in 83 wells. In 68 wells, specific conductance was measured lower than the threshold and in 15 wells it was measured above the threshold.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds285","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Milby Dawson, B.J., Bennett, G.L., and Belitz, K., 2008, Ground-water quality data in the Southern Sacramento Valley, California, 2005 — Results from the California GAMA Program (Version 1.0: February 2008; Version 1.1: August 2018): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 285, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds285.","productDescription":"HTML Document","temporalStart":"2005-03-01","temporalEnd":"2005-06-30","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195245,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":405485,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_83241.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":10767,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/285/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"southern Sacramento Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.1667,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -121.0833,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -121.0833,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -122.1667,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -122.1667,\n 38\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: February 2008; Version 1.1: August 2018","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d54a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milby Dawson, Barbara J.","contributorId":57133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milby Dawson","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bennett, George L. V V 0000-0002-6239-1604 georbenn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6239-1604","contributorId":1373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"George","suffix":"V","email":"georbenn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L. V","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70194821,"text":"70194821 - 2008 - Molecular epidemiology of eastern equine encephalitis Virus, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-03T14:03:14","indexId":"70194821","displayToPublicDate":"2008-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1493,"text":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Molecular epidemiology of eastern equine encephalitis Virus, New York","docAbstract":"Perpetuation, overwintering, and extinction of eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) in northern foci are poorly understood. We therefore sought to describe the molecular epidemiology of EEEV in New York State during current and past epizootics. To determine whether EEEV overwinters, is periodically reintroduced, or both, we sequenced the E2 and partial NSP3 coding regions of 42 EEEV isolates from New York State and the Eastern Seaboard of the United States. Our phylogenetic analyses indicated that derived subclades tended to contain southern strains that had been isolated before genetically similar northern strains, suggesting southern to northern migration of EEEV along the Eastern Seaboard. Strong clustering among strains isolated during epizootics in New York from 2003–2005, as well as from 1974–1975, demonstrates that EEEV has overwintered in this focus. This study provides molecular evidence for the introduction of southern EEEV strains to New York, followed by local amplification, perpetuation, and overwintering.
","language":"English","publisher":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi":"10.3201/eid1403.070816","usgsCitation":"Young, D.S., Kramer, L.D., Maffei, J.G., Dusek, R., Backenson, P.B., Mores, C.N., Bernard, K.A., and Ebel, G.D., 2008, Molecular epidemiology of eastern equine encephalitis Virus, New York: Emerging Infectious Diseases, v. 14, no. 3, p. 454-460, https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1403.070816.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"454","endPage":"460","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476624,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1403.070816","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":350290,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","volume":"14","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a610f8de4b06e28e9c257db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Young, David S.","contributorId":201448,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Young","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kramer, Laura D.","contributorId":172639,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kramer","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maffei, Joseph G.","contributorId":201449,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maffei","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dusek, Robert J. 0000-0001-6177-7479 rdusek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6177-7479","contributorId":140066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dusek","given":"Robert J.","email":"rdusek@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":725413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Backenson, P. Bryon","contributorId":201450,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Backenson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"Bryon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mores, Christopher N.","contributorId":201451,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mores","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bernard, Kristen A.","contributorId":201452,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bernard","given":"Kristen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ebel, Gregory D.","contributorId":33220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebel","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ]}