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A gyrostabilized gimbal controlled by a crew member housed the radiometer and \nan optical video camera attached to the nose of the helicopter. Since October 1, 2004, the system has provided thermal \nand video observations of dome growth. Flights conducted \nas frequently as twice daily during the initial month of the \neruption monitored rapid changes in the crater and 1980-86 \nlava dome. Thermal monitoring decreased to several times \nper week once dome extrusion began. The thermal imaging \nsystem provided unique observations, including timely recognition that the early explosive phase was phreatic, location \nof structures controlling thermal emissions and active faults, \ndetection of increased heat flow prior to the extrusion of lava, \nand recognition of new lava extrusion. The first spines, 1 and \n2, were hotter when they emerged (maximum temperature \n700-730&deg;C) than subsequent spines insulated by as much as \nseveral meters of fault gouge. Temperature of gouge-covered \nspines was about 200&deg;C where they emerged from the vent, \nand it decreased rapidly with distance from the vent. The \nhottest parts of these spines were as high as 500-730&deg;C in \nfractured and broken-up regions. Such temperature variation \nneeds to be accounted for in the retrieval of eruption parameters using satellite-based techniques, as such features are \nsmaller than pixels in satellite images.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"A volcano rekindled: the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006 (Professional Paper 1750)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp175017","collaboration":"This report is Chapter 17 in <i>A volcano rekindled: the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006</i>.  For more information, see: <a href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1750/\" target=\"_blank\">Professional Paper 1750</a>","usgsCitation":"Schneider, D.J., Vallance, J.W., Wessels, R., Logan, M., and Ramsey, M.S., 2008, Use of thermal infrared imaging for monitoring renewed dome growth at Mount St. Helens, 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1750-17, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp175017.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"347","endPage":"359","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275964,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp175017.jpg"},{"id":275963,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1750/chapters/pp2008-1750_chapter17.pdf"},{"id":275962,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1750/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.238678,46.161175 ], [ -122.238678,46.233792 ], [ -122.131489,46.233792 ], [ -122.131489,46.161175 ], [ -122.238678,46.161175 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51fcd4e9e4b0296e5a4b5ca8","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Sherrod, David R. 0000-0001-9460-0434 dsherrod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9460-0434","contributorId":527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"David","email":"dsherrod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509488,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, William E. 0000-0001-8156-979X wescott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8156-979X","contributorId":1725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"William","email":"wescott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509490,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stauffer, Peter H. pstauffe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stauffer","given":"Peter","email":"pstauffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":509489,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Schneider, David J. 0000-0001-9092-1054 djschneider@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9092-1054","contributorId":633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"David","email":"djschneider@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":121,"text":"Alaska Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vallance, James W. 0000-0002-3083-5469 jvallance@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5469","contributorId":547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vallance","given":"James","email":"jvallance@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wessels, Rick L.","contributorId":24777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wessels","given":"Rick L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Logan, Matthew 0000-0002-3558-2405 mlogan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3558-2405","contributorId":638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Logan","given":"Matthew","email":"mlogan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ramsey, Michael S.","contributorId":58514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsey","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70047353,"text":"pp17509 - 2008 - Growth of the 2004-2006 lava-dome complex at Mount St. Helens, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-31T10:56:46","indexId":"pp17509","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T14:05:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1750-9","displayTitle":"Growth of the 2004-2006 lava-dome complex at Mount St. Helens, Washington: Chapter 9 in <i>A volcano rekindled: the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006</i>","title":"Growth of the 2004-2006 lava-dome complex at Mount St. Helens, Washington","docAbstract":"The eruption of Mount St. Helens from 2004 to 2006 \nhas comprised extrusion of solid lava spines whose growth \npatterns were shaped by a large space south of the 1980-86 \ndome that was occupied by the unique combination of glacial \nice, concealed subglacial slopes, the crater walls, and relics \nof previous spines. The eruption beginning September 2004 \ncan be divided (as of April 2006) into five phases: (1) predome deformation and phreatic activity, (2) initial extrusion \nof spines, (3) recumbent spine growth and repeated breakup, \n(4) southward extrusion across previous dome debris, and (5) \nnormal faulting of the phase 4 dome to form a depression, a \nshift to westward extrusion and overthrusting of earlier phase \n5 products. Overall, steady spine extrusion gradually slowed \nfrom 6 m<sup>3</sup>/s in November 2004 to 0.6 m<sup>3</sup>/s in February 2006.\nThermal camera data show that phase 1 activity included \nlow-temperature thermal features, such as fumaroles, fractures, and ground warming related to rapid uplift, as well as \ndeformation in the south moat of the crater. The relatively cold \n(<160&deg;C) phreatic eruptions of early October heralded activity \nat a subglacial vent situated along the south-sloping margin of \nthe 1980–86 dome. Thermal infrared imagery, documenting \nincreased heat flow, presaged phase 2 extrusion of the October \n11–15, 2004, lava spine. The thermal images of the extruding \nspine revealed a hot basal margin and highest temperatures of \n600–730&deg;C. \nDuring phase 3, a recumbent whaleback-shaped spine \nwith a low-temperature shroud of fault gouge and a hot, \nU-shaped basal margin extruded. This spine pushed southward \nalong the bed of the glacier until it encountered the south wall \nof the 1980 crater, whereupon it broke up, decoupled, and \nregrew. Continued southward growth of the recumbent spine pushed cold deformed rock, hot dome rubble, and glacier \nice eastward at a rate of 2 m/d. In April 2005, breakup of the \nwhaleback and growth of a lava spine across previous dome \nrubble heralded phase 4 spine thrusting over previous spine \nremnants. During phase 4, the active spine pushed southward with an increasingly vertical component and increasing \nincidence of large rockfalls. In late July, the spine decoupled \nfrom its source, the vent reorganized, and a new spine began \nto grow westward at right angles to the previous growth direction, defining phase 5. Dome migration again plowed glacier \nice out of the way at a rate of about 2 m/d, this time westward. In early October, the spine buckled near the vent and \nthrust over the previous one. A massive spine monolith had \nbeen constructed by December 2005, and growth of spines \nwith increasingly steep slopes characterized activity through \nApril 2006.\nThe chief near-surface controls on spine extrusion during \n2004-6 have been vent location, relict topographic surfaces \nfrom the 1980s, and spine remnants emplaced previously \nduring the present eruption. In contrast, glacier ice has had \nminimal influence on spine growth. Ice as thick as 150 m has \nprevented formation of marginal angle-of-repose talus fans \nbut has not provided sufficient resistance to stop spine growth \nor slow it appreciably. Spines initially emerged along a relict \nsouth-facing slope as steep as 40&deg; on the 1980s dome. The \nopen space of the moat between that dome and the crater walls \npermitted initial southward migration of recumbent spines. \nAn initial spine impinged on the opposing slopes of the crater \nand stopped; in contrast, recumbent whaleback spines of phase \n3 impinged on opposing walls of the crater at oblique angles \nand rotated eastward before breaking up. Once spine remnants \noccupied all available open space to the south, spines thrust \nover previous remnants. Finally, with south and east portions of the moat filled, spine growth proceeded westward. \nAlthough Crater Glacier had only a small influence on the \ngrowing spines, spine growth affected the glacier dramatically, \ninitially dividing it into two arms and then bulldozing it hundreds of meters, first east and then west, and heaping it more \nthan 100 m higher than its original altitude.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"A volcano rekindled: the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006 (Professional Paper 1750)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp17509","collaboration":"This report is Chapter 9 in <i>A volcano rekindled: the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006</i>.  For more information, see: <a href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1750/\" target=\"_blank\">Professional Paper 1750</a>","usgsCitation":"Vallance, J.W., Schneider, D.J., and Schilling, S.P., 2008, Growth of the 2004-2006 lava-dome complex at Mount St. Helens, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1750-9, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp17509.","productDescription":"40 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"208","numberOfPages":"40","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275763,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp17509.jpg"},{"id":275761,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1750/"},{"id":275762,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1750/chapters/pp2008-1750_chapter09.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.238678,46.161175 ], [ -122.238678,46.233792 ], [ -122.131489,46.233792 ], [ -122.131489,46.161175 ], [ -122.238678,46.161175 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51fbca74e4b04b00e3d88ff7","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Sherrod, David R. 0000-0001-9460-0434 dsherrod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9460-0434","contributorId":527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"David","email":"dsherrod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509464,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, William E. 0000-0001-8156-979X wescott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8156-979X","contributorId":1725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"William","email":"wescott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509466,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stauffer, Peter H. pstauffe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stauffer","given":"Peter","email":"pstauffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":509465,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Vallance, James W. 0000-0002-3083-5469 jvallance@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5469","contributorId":547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vallance","given":"James","email":"jvallance@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schneider, David J. 0000-0001-9092-1054 djschneider@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9092-1054","contributorId":633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"David","email":"djschneider@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":121,"text":"Alaska Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schilling, Steve P. sschilli@usgs.gov","contributorId":634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schilling","given":"Steve","email":"sschilli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70003851,"text":"70003851 - 2008 - Rocks above the clouds: A hiker's and climber's guide to Colorado mountain geology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-30T14:04:02","indexId":"70003851","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T14:00:13","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"Rocks above the clouds: A hiker's and climber's guide to Colorado mountain geology","docAbstract":"A Colorado mountain geology book written specifically for climbers, scramblers and hikers. A geologic primer for mountain people with range-by-range geological descriptions of Colorado mountains and detailed geologic information on the Fourteeners.\nRocks Above the Clouds is the first geology book written for climbers, scramblers and hikers. It is an exploration of how the nature of mountains and the challenges they present to the climber and hiker are influenced by the rocks that form them, in other words, by their geology.\n\nAfter describing the types of rocks found in mountains, the authors of Rocks Above the Clouds cover the geologic process from the big bang through the processes that continue to shape the mountains today. This mountain geology primer is a range-by-range description of what to expect in the Colorado mountains followed by some very curious information on the Colorado 14ers.\n\nWhether you travel in the mountains as a casual hiker, peak bagging scrambler, or technical climber, knowledge of mountain geology can help in planning your route, selecting your campsite and evaluating the hazards you face. Knowing something about different rock types might enable you to pick a route that avoids loose rock. Knowing that when wet, a particular rock surface will feel like oil might encourage you to forgo that siesta on the summit and head down before the afternoon thunderstorm.","language":"English","publisher":"Colorado Mountain Club Press","usgsCitation":"Reed, J., and Ellis, G., 2008, Rocks above the clouds: A hiker's and climber's guide to Colorado mountain geology.","ipdsId":"IP-007348","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275586,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.06,36.99 ], [ -109.06,41.0 ], [ -102.04,41.0 ], [ -102.04,36.99 ], [ -109.06,36.99 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f8e064e4b0cecbe8fa98ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reed, Jack","contributorId":19059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Jack","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellis, Gene","contributorId":35215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"Gene","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70047420,"text":"pp175031 - 2008 - Magmatic conditions and processes in the storage zone of the 2004-2006 Mount St. Helens dacite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-03T08:51:54","indexId":"pp175031","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T13:57:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1750-31","displayTitle":"Magmatic conditions and processes in the storage zone of the 2004-2006 Mount St. Helens dacite: Chapter 31 in <i>A volcano rekindled: the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006</i>","title":"Magmatic conditions and processes in the storage zone of the 2004-2006 Mount St. Helens dacite","docAbstract":"The 2004-6 eruption of Mount St. Helens produced \ndacite that contains 40-50 volume percent phenocrysts of \nplagioclase, amphibole, low-Ca pyroxene, magnetite, and \nilmenite in a groundmass that is nearly totally crystallized. \nPhenocrysts of amphibole and pyroxene range from 3 to 5 \nmm long and are cyclically zoned, with one to three alternations of Fe- and Al-rich to Mg- and Si-rich layers showing \nlittle indication of phenocryst dissolution between zones. \nSimilar-size plagioclase phenocrysts also contain several \ncyclic zones ranging between ~An<sub>68</sub> and An<sub>45-35</sub>. Textural evidence indicates that amphibole, pyroxene, and ilmenite began \nto crystallize before the most An-rich plagioclase. Magnetite \nand ilmenite phenocrysts are small (less than 100 &mu;m), vary \nsomewhat in composition from grain to grain, and are sporadically zoned. Magnetite-ilmenite pairs yield temperatures \nof equilibration ranging from 820&deg;C to 890&deg;C and f<sub>\nO2</sub>\n values \nof NNO +1 log unit. Magnetite compositions suggest that the \n2004-6 magma was formed by mingling of magmas less than \n5-8 weeks before eruption and that the magma last equilibrated within this temperature range. The amphibole phenocryst zoning involves approximately equal amounts of a \npressure-sensitive Al-Tschermak molecular substitution and \na temperature-sensitive edenite substitution in one cycle of \ngrowth. Hydrothermal experiments done on the natural dacite \nshow that crystallization of the Fe- and Al-rich amphibole \nend member requires pressures of 200-300 MPa at temperatures of 900&deg;C, conditions approaching the upper temperature limit of amphibole stability. The dacitic magma crystallizes the An<sub>68</sub> plagioclase when the pressure drops to 200 \nMPa at 900&deg;C. The magma must cool at this depth to produce \na complete An<sub>68</sub>-An<sub>40</sub> plagioclase zone and a Mg-rich layer on the amphiboles before the magma is cycled back to a high \npressure, when a new layer of Fe-rich amphibole is acquired. \nThe amphibole crystallizing in the dacite experiments at less \nthan 200 MPa is lower in aluminum than any compositions \nin the natural cyclically zoned phenocrysts. The outer rim on \nsome 2004-6 amphibole phenocrysts appears to have formed \nin the 100-200 MPa range, as do some phenocrysts in the \nMay 1980 dacite pumice. Plagioclase rims of An<sub>35</sub> in the \n2004-6 magmas indicate that phenocryst growth continued \nuntil the pressure decreased to 130 MPa and that ascent was \nslow until this depth. Magma then entered the conduit for a \nrelatively rapid ascent to the surface as indicated by the very \nthin (less than 5 &mu;m) decompression-induced rims on the \namphibole phenocrysts.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"A volcano rekindled: the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006 (Professional Paper 1750)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp175031","collaboration":"This report is Chapter 31 in <i>A volcano rekindled: the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006</i>.  For more information, see: <a href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1750/\" target=\"_blank\">Professional Paper 1750</a>","usgsCitation":"Rutherford, M.J., and Devine, J.D., 2008, Magmatic conditions and processes in the storage zone of the 2004-2006 Mount St. Helens dacite: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1750-31, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp175031.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"703","endPage":"725","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276052,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp175031.png"},{"id":276050,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1750/chapters/pp2008-1750_chapter31.pdf"},{"id":276049,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1750/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.238678,46.161175 ], [ -122.238678,46.233792 ], [ -122.131489,46.233792 ], [ -122.131489,46.161175 ], [ -122.238678,46.161175 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5200c964e4b009d47a4c2398","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Sherrod, David R. 0000-0001-9460-0434 dsherrod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9460-0434","contributorId":527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"David","email":"dsherrod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509530,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, William E. 0000-0001-8156-979X wescott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8156-979X","contributorId":1725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"William","email":"wescott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509532,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stauffer, Peter H. pstauffe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stauffer","given":"Peter","email":"pstauffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":509531,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Rutherford, Malcom J.","contributorId":102368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rutherford","given":"Malcom","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Devine, Joseph D. III","contributorId":19459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Devine","given":"Joseph","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70094795,"text":"70094795 - 2008 - Methane hydrates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-29T16:09:05.554315","indexId":"70094795","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T13:54:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"8","title":"Methane hydrates","docAbstract":"<p><span>Gas hydrate is a solid, naturally occurring substance consisting predominantly of methane gas and water. Recent scientific drilling programs in Japan, Canada, the United States, Korea and India have demonstrated that gas hydrate occurs broadly and in a variety of forms in shallow sediments of the outer continental shelves and in Arctic regions. Field, laboratory and numerical modelling studies conducted to date indicate that gas can be extracted from gas hydrates with existing production technologies, particularly for those deposits in which the gas hydrate exists as pore-filling grains at high saturation in sand-rich reservoirs. A series of regional resource assessments indicate that substantial volumes of gas hydrate likely exist in sand-rich deposits. Recent field programs in Japan, Canada and in the United States have demonstrated the technical viability of methane extraction from gas-hydrate-bearing sand reservoirs and have investigated a range of potential production scenarios. At present, basic reservoir depressurisation shows the greatest promise and can be conducted using primarily standard industry equipment and procedures. Depressurisation is expected to be the foundation of future production systems; additional processes, such as thermal stimulation, mechanical stimulation and chemical injection, will likely also be integrated as dictated by local geological and other conditions. An innovative carbon dioxide and methane swapping technology is also being studied as a method to produce gas from select gas hydrate deposits. In addition, substantial additional volumes of gas hydrate have been found in dense arrays of grain-displacing veins and nodules in fine-grained, clay-dominated sediments; however, to date, no field tests, and very limited numerical modelling, have been conducted with regard to the production potential of such accumulations. Work remains to further refine: (1) the marine resource volumes within potential accumulations that can be produced through exploratory drilling programs; (2) the tools for gas hydrate detection and characterisation from remote sensing data; (3) the details of gas hydrate reservoir production behaviour through additional, well-monitored and longer duration field tests and (4) the understanding of the potential environmental impacts of gas hydrate resource development. The results of future production tests, in the context of varying market and energy supply conditions around the globe, will be the key to determine the ultimate timing and scale of the commercial production of natural gas from gas hydrates.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Future energy: Improved, sustainable and clean options for our planet","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-08-099424-6.00008-9","usgsCitation":"Boswell, R., Yamamoto, K., Lee, S., Collett, T.S., Kumar, P., and Dallimore, S., 2008, Methane hydrates, chap. 8 <i>of</i> Future energy: Improved, sustainable and clean options for our planet, p. 159-178, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-099424-6.00008-9.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"159","endPage":"178","ipdsId":"IP-049794","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":495021,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-099424-6.00008-9","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":285054,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Second Edition","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535594b5e4b0120853e8c07f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boswell, Ray","contributorId":12307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boswell","given":"Ray","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yamamoto, Koji","contributorId":72709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yamamoto","given":"Koji","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, Sung-Rock","contributorId":7179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Sung-Rock","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kumar, Pushpendra","contributorId":54886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kumar","given":"Pushpendra","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dallimore, Scott","contributorId":85503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dallimore","given":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70047352,"text":"pp17508 - 2008 - Use of digital aerophotogrammetry to determine rates of lava dome growth, Mount St. Helens, Washington, 2004-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-31T10:56:17","indexId":"pp17508","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T13:53:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1750-8","displayTitle":"Use of digital aerophotogrammetry to determine rates of lava dome growth, Mount St. Helens, Washington, 2004-2005: Chapter 8 in <i>A volcano rekindled: the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006</i>","title":"Use of digital aerophotogrammetry to determine rates of lava dome growth, Mount St. Helens, Washington, 2004-2005","docAbstract":"Beginning in October 2004, a new lava dome grew on the \nglacier-covered crater floor of Mount St. Helens, Washington, \nimmediately south of the 1980s lava dome. Seventeen digital \nelevation models (DEMs) constructed from vertical aerial \nphotographs have provided quantitative estimates of extruded \nlava volumes and total volume change. To extract volumetric \nchanges and calculate volumetric extrusion rates (magma \ndischarge rates), each DEM surface was compared to preeruption DEM reference surfaces from 1986 and 2003. Early in the \n2004-5 eruption, DEMs documented deforming glacier ice \nand crater floor that formed a prominent “welt” having a volume of 10×10<sup>6</sup> m<sup>3</sup>\n and a growth rate of 8.9 m<sup>3</sup>/s before dacite \nlava first appeared at the surface on October 11, 2004. Afterward, the rate was initially 5.9 m<sup>3</sup>/s but slowed to 2.5 m<sup>3</sup>/s by \nthe beginning of January 2005. During 2005, the extrusion rate \ndeclined gradually to about 0.7 m<sup>3</sup>/s. By December 15, 2005, \nthe new dome complex was about 900 m long and 625 m wide \nand reached 190 m above the 2003 surface. More than 73×10<sup>6</sup>\nm<sup>3</sup>\n of dacite lava had extruded onto the crater floor.\nSuccessful application of aerophotogrammetry was possible during the critical earliest parts of the eruption because we \nhad baseline data and photogrammetric infrastructure in place \nbefore the eruption began. The vertical aerial photographs, \nincluding the DEMs and calculations derived from them, were \none of the most widely used data sets collected during the \n2004-5 eruption, as evidenced in numerous contributions to \nthis volume. These data were used to construct photogeologic \nmaps, deformation vector fields, and profiles of the evolving dome and glacier. Extruded volumes and rates proved to \nbe critical parameters to constrain models and hypotheses of \neruption dynamics and thus helped to assess volcano hazards.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"A volcano rekindled: the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006 (Professional Paper 1750)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp17508","collaboration":"This report is Chapter 8 in <i>A volcano rekindled: the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006</i>.  For more information, see: <a href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1750/\" target=\"_blank\">Professional Paper 1750</a>","usgsCitation":"Schilling, S.P., Thompson, R.A., Messerich, J.A., and Iwatsubo, E.Y., 2008, Use of digital aerophotogrammetry to determine rates of lava dome growth, Mount St. Helens, Washington, 2004-2005: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1750-8, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp17508.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"145","endPage":"167","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275760,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp17508.jpg"},{"id":275759,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1750/chapters/pp2008-1750_chapter08.pdf"},{"id":275758,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1750/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.238678,46.161175 ], [ -122.238678,46.233792 ], [ -122.131489,46.233792 ], [ -122.131489,46.161175 ], [ -122.238678,46.161175 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51fbca85e4b04b00e3d89137","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Sherrod, David R. 0000-0001-9460-0434 dsherrod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9460-0434","contributorId":527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"David","email":"dsherrod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509461,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, William E. 0000-0001-8156-979X wescott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8156-979X","contributorId":1725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"William","email":"wescott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509463,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stauffer, Peter H. pstauffe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stauffer","given":"Peter","email":"pstauffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":509462,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Schilling, Steve P. sschilli@usgs.gov","contributorId":634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schilling","given":"Steve","email":"sschilli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, Ren A. 0000-0002-3044-3043 rathomps@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3044-3043","contributorId":1265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Ren","email":"rathomps@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Messerich, James A. jmesser@usgs.gov","contributorId":2535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Messerich","given":"James","email":"jmesser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":481789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Iwatsubo, Eugene Y.","contributorId":16308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwatsubo","given":"Eugene","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70162452,"text":"70162452 - 2008 - Environmental presence and persistence of pharmaceuticals: An overview","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-05T07:14:51","indexId":"70162452","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T13:45:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Environmental presence and persistence of pharmaceuticals: An overview","docAbstract":"<p>Emerging contaminants (ECs) in the environment &ndash; that is, chemicals with domestic, municipal, industrial, or agricultural sources that are not commonly monitored but may have the potential for adverse environmental effects &ndash; is a rapidly growing field of research. The use of &ldquo;emerging&rdquo; is not intended to infer that the presence of these compounds in the environment is new. These chemicals have been released into the environment as long as they have been in production or, in the case of hormones and other endogenous compounds, since the rise of animal life. What is emerging is the interest by the scientific and lay communities in the presence of these chemicals in the environment, the analytical capabilities required for detection, and the subtle effects that very small concentrations of these chemicals appear to have on aquatic biota. In December 2006,<i> Environmental Science &amp; Technology</i> devoted an entire special issue (volume 40, number 23) to the topic of ECs, illustrating the increased interest in the subject. Within the EGs, one particular class that has seen a substantial increase in research over the past 10 years is pharmaceuticals and personal-care products (PPCPs). This increased research interest can be demonstrated by several means, including requests for proposals from funding agencies, but the clearest indication of a focused effort to understand the introduction, transformation, and potential health and environmental effects of PPCPs and ECs, in general, is the number of published reports. This increase can be shown by examining six environmental journals that regularly publish PPCP-related papers &ndash; <i>Chemosphere</i>, <i>Environmental Science &amp; Technology</i>, <i>Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry</i>, <i>Science of the Total Environment</i>, <i>Water Research</i>, and <i>Water Science and Technology</i>. In 1998 there were 22 papers published on pharmaceuticals, antibiotics, or drugs in these 6 journals; by 2006, this number increased sixfold to 132 papers (Figure 1.1).<br />This growth can be attributed to a number of factors. The presence of pharmaceuticals in surface-water samples from Europe and the United States was documented in several sentinel papers. These ground-breaking works encouraged other scientists to examine the rivers, streams, lakes, and reservoirs in their regions for such chemicals. In addition, the intense public attention paid to news reports on the environmental detections of these chemicals and possible effects of aquatic life has made this issue visible to the wastewater-treatment, drinking-water treatment, and regulatory communities. This has driven the funding bodies associated with these communities to fund studies or request proposals that address the presence, fate, and effects of PPCPs in aquatic systems. The release of the first comprehensive reconnaissance of pharmaceuticals and other wastewater contaminants in the United States provides an example of the intense media interest in this topic. Within 6 days on online publication of this study, 72 newspapers across the United States had published articles describing the results, either locally written or based on international media syndicate reports. There also was substantial concurrent coverage by local and national radio and television outlets, including the Cable News Network, <i>ABC World News Tonight</i>, and National Public Radio. A substantial fraction of these news stories may be attributable to press releases and media briefings prior to publication. However, the interest by television and print journalists in reporting the results of a peer-reviewed journal article to the general public was motivated by the recognition that describing the presence of PPCPs in water supplies would be of interest to the public. To better convey the results of the study published by Koplin et al. to the public, a separate general-interest fact sheet was published to summarize the important points of the study. Because PPCPs are commonly and widely used by individuals, there is likely a preexisting, personal identification with these compounds that does not occur for the wide range of other organic and inorganic contaminants whose presence in the environment has previously been described. This greater public &ldquo;name recognition&rdquo; makes itself known through the media to the regulatory and technical community and has prompted interest in sponsoring research that defines the composition and concentrations of PPCPs in potential sources and their fate and effects following relase into the environment. <br />Independent of the drivers that potentially fuel the interest in studies of PPCPs, it is clear that PPCP research has grown beyond surface-water studies to examine issues such as:<br />&bull; Presence in other matrices, such as groundwater, landfill leachates, sediments, and biosolids.<br />&bull; Environmental transport and fate in surface water, groundwater, and soils amended with reclaimed water or biosolids.<br />&bull; PPCP source elucidation, such as wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents, confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs), and aquaculture.<br />&bull; Removal during wastewater and drinking-water treatment.<br />&bull; Effects on aquatic ecosystems, terrestrial ecosystems, and human health.<br />The chapters in this book provide an extensive examination of current environmental pharmaceutical research and are divided into three sections: &ldquo;Occurrence and Analysis of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment,&rdquo; &ldquo;Environment Fate and Transformations of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals,&rdquo; and &ldquo;treatment of Pharmaceuticals in Drinking Water and Wastewater.&rdquo; The purpose of this introductory overview chapter is to outline current (2004-2006) knowledge about the presence and concentration of PPCPs as described in the published literature. Previous reviews should be consulted for discussions on pre-2004 publications. Those reviews will provide the reader with a comprehensive introduction to the topic of PPCPs in the environment. This chapter describes the sources of PPCPs and other organic contaminants often associated with human wastewater into the environment, the range of concentrations present in various environmental compartments, and the potential routes of removal/sequestration. An overview of the sources and fate of veterinary pharmaceuticals will be discussed in Chapter 5, &ldquo;Fate and Transport of Veterinary Medicines in the Soil Environment.&rdquo;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fate of pharmaceuticals in the environment and in water treatment systems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","publisherLocation":"Boca Raton","usgsCitation":"Glassmeyer, S., Koplin, D.W., Furlong, E.T., and Focazio, M., 2008, Environmental presence and persistence of pharmaceuticals: An overview, chap. <i>of</i> Fate of pharmaceuticals in the environment and in water treatment systems, p. 3-51.","productDescription":"49 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"51","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314771,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":314770,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.crcnetbase.com/doi/book/10.1201/9781420052336"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a75552e4b0b28f1184d822","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glassmeyer, Susan T.","contributorId":72924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glassmeyer","given":"Susan T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koplin, Dana W.","contributorId":82174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koplin","given":"Dana","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Focazio, M.","contributorId":45848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Focazio","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70047351,"text":"pp17507 - 2008 - Seismic-monitoring changes and the remote deployment of seismic stations (seismic spider) at Mount St. Helens, 2004-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-31T10:55:47","indexId":"pp17507","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T13:39:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1750-7","displayTitle":"Seismic-monitoring changes and the remote deployment of seismic stations (seismic spider) at Mount St. Helens, 2004-2005: Chapter 7 in <i>A volcano rekindled: the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006</i>","title":"Seismic-monitoring changes and the remote deployment of seismic stations (seismic spider) at Mount St. Helens, 2004-2005","docAbstract":"The instruments in place at the start of volcanic unrest at \nMount St. Helens in 2004 were inadequate to record the large \nearthquakes and monitor the explosions that occurred as the \neruption developed. To remedy this, new instruments were \ndeployed and the short-period seismic network was modified. \nA new method of establishing near-field seismic monitoring \nwas developed, using remote deployment by helicopter. The \nremotely deployed seismic sensor was a piezoelectric accelerometer mounted on a surface-coupled platform. Remote \ndeployment enabled placement of stations within 250 m of \nthe active vent.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"A volcano rekindled: the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006 (Professional Paper 1750)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp17507","collaboration":"This report is Chapter 7 in <i>A volcano rekindled: the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006</i>.  For more information, see: <a href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1750/\" target=\"_blank\">Professional Paper 1750</a>","usgsCitation":"McChesney, P.J., Couchman, M.R., Moran, S.C., Lockhart, A., Swinford, K.J., and LaHusen, R.G., 2008, Seismic-monitoring changes and the remote deployment of seismic stations (seismic spider) at Mount St. Helens, 2004-2005: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1750-7, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp17507.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"129","endPage":"140","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275757,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp17507.jpg"},{"id":275755,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1750/"},{"id":275756,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1750/chapters/pp2008-1750_chapter07.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.238678,46.161175 ], [ -122.238678,46.233792 ], [ -122.131489,46.233792 ], [ -122.131489,46.161175 ], [ -122.238678,46.161175 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51fbca80e4b04b00e3d890e7","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Sherrod, David R. 0000-0001-9460-0434 dsherrod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9460-0434","contributorId":527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"David","email":"dsherrod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509458,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, William E. 0000-0001-8156-979X wescott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8156-979X","contributorId":1725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"William","email":"wescott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509460,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stauffer, Peter H. pstauffe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stauffer","given":"Peter","email":"pstauffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":509459,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"McChesney, Patrick J.","contributorId":23428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McChesney","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Couchman, Marvin R. couchman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Couchman","given":"Marvin","email":"couchman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":481784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moran, Seth C. 0000-0001-7308-9649 smoran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7308-9649","contributorId":548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"Seth","email":"smoran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lockhart, Andrew B. ablock@usgs.gov","contributorId":632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockhart","given":"Andrew B.","email":"ablock@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":481782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Swinford, Kelly J. kjswinfo@usgs.gov","contributorId":636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swinford","given":"Kelly","email":"kjswinfo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":481783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"LaHusen, Richard G.","contributorId":60205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaHusen","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70047417,"text":"pp175030 - 2008 - Petrology of the 2004-2006 Mount St. Helens lava dome -- implications for magmatic plumbing and eruption triggering","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-03T08:50:56","indexId":"pp175030","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T13:28:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1750-30","displayTitle":"Petrology of the 2004-2006 Mount St. Helens lava dome -- implications for magmatic plumbing and eruption triggering: Chapter 30 in A volcano rekindled: the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006","title":"Petrology of the 2004-2006 Mount St. Helens lava dome -- implications for magmatic plumbing and eruption triggering","docAbstract":"Eighteen years after dome-forming eruptions ended in \n1986, and with little warning, Mount St. Helens began to \nerupt again in October 2004. During the ensuing two years, \nthe volcano extruded more than 80×10<sup>6</sup>\n m<sup>3</sup>\n of gas-poor, \ncrystal-rich dacite lava. The 2004-6 dacite is remarkably \nuniform in bulk-rock composition and, at 65 percent SiO<sub>2</sub>\n, \namong the richest in silica and most depleted in incompatible \nelements of the magmas erupted at Mount St. Helens during the past 500 years. Since shortly after the first spine of \nlava appeared, samples have been collected using a steel box \ndredge (“Jaws”) suspended 20-35 m below a helicopter and, \noccasionally, by hand sampling. As of the spring of 2006, 25 \nage-controlled samples have been collected from the seven \nspines of the new lava dome. Samples were obtained from \nboth the interiors of spines and from their carapaces, which \nare composed of fault gouge and cataclasite 1-2 m thick. The \ndacite lava is crystal rich, with 40-50 percent phenocrysts. \nThe groundmass is extensively crystallized to a cotectic \nassemblage of quartz, tridymite, and Na- and K-rich feldspar \nmicrolites, raising the total crystal content to more than 80 \npercent on a vesicle-free basis in all but the earliest erupted samples. Early samples and those collected from near the \nspine margin are more glassy and vesicular that those collected later and from the interior of the spines. Oxide thermobarometer determinations for the earliest erupted samples \nwe collected cluster at temperatures of approximately 850&deg;C \nand at an oxygen fugacity one log unit above the nickel-nickel \noxide (NNO) buffer curve. In contrast, samples from relatively glass-poor samples erupted in late 2004 and early 2005 \nhave zoned oxides with apparent temperatures that range to \ngreater than 950&deg;C. The higher temperatures in these microlite-rich rocks are attributed to latent heat evolved during \nextensive and rapid groundmass crystallization. Low volatile \ncontents of matrix glasses and presence of tridymite and \nquartz in the high-silica rhyolite matrix glass indicate extensive shallow (<1 km) crystallization of the matrix, driven by \ndegassing of water and solidifying the magma below the level \nof the vent. The mode of eruption of the dacite as a series of \nfault-gouge-mantled spines is explained by this process of \nextensive subvent degassing and solidification.\nAlthough the dacite from this eruption is more silica \nrich than 1980-86 dome rocks, most major and trace element \nconcentrations of the 1980-86 and 2004-6 magma batches are \nsimilar, and magmatic gas emissions have been low and have \nhad similar ratios to those of the 1980s, raising the possibility \nthat the magma might be residual from the 1980–86 reservoir. \nHowever, titanium and chromium are enriched slightly relative \nto the most recent 1980-86 and Goat Rocks (A.D. 1800-1857) \neruptive cycles, and heavy rare-earth-element abundances are \nslightly depleted relative to those erupted during the past 500 \nyears at Mount St. Helens. These data suggest either addition \nof new gas-poor dacite magma or tapping of a region of the \npreexisting reservoir that was not erupted previously.\nA relatively low pressure of last phenocryst growth \nsuggests that the magma was derived from near the apex of \nthe Mount St. Helens magma reservoir at a depth of about 5 km. Viewed in the context of seismic, deformation, and \ngas-emission data, the petrologic and geochemical data can \nbe explained by ascent of a geochemically distinct batch \nof magma into the apex of the reservoir during the period \n1987-97, followed by upward movement of magma into a new \nconduit beginning in late September 2004.\nThe question of new versus residual magma has implications for the long-term eruptive behavior of Mount St. Helens, \nbecause arrival of a new batch of dacitic magma from the deep \ncrust could herald the beginning of a new long-term cycle of \neruptive activity. It is also important to our understanding of \nwhat triggered the eruption and its future course. Two hypotheses for triggering are considered: (1) top-down fracturing \nrelated to the shallow groundwater system and (2) an increase \nin reservoir pressure brought about by recent magmatic replenishment. With respect to the future course of the eruption, \nsimilarities between textures and character of eruption of the \n2004-6 dome and the long-duration (greater than 100 years) \npre-1980 summit dome, along with the low eruptive rate of the \ncurrent eruption, suggest that the eruption could continue sluggishly or intermittently for years to come.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"A volcano rekindled: the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006 (Professional Paper 1750)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp175030","collaboration":"This report is Chapter 30 in <i>A volcano rekindled: the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006</i>.  For more information, see: <a href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1750/\" target=\"_blank\">Professional Paper 1750</a>","usgsCitation":"Pallister, J.S., Thornber, C.R., Cashman, K., Clynne, M.A., Lowers, H., Mandeville, C., Brownfield, I.K., and Meeker, G.P., 2008, Petrology of the 2004-2006 Mount St. Helens lava dome -- implications for magmatic plumbing and eruption triggering: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1750-30, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp175030.","productDescription":"56 p.","startPage":"647","endPage":"702","numberOfPages":"56","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276045,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp175030.png"},{"id":276043,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1750/"},{"id":276044,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1750/chapters/pp2008-1750_chapter30.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.238678,46.161175 ], [ -122.238678,46.233792 ], [ -122.131489,46.233792 ], [ -122.131489,46.161175 ], [ -122.238678,46.161175 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5200c965e4b009d47a4c23a7","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Sherrod, David R. 0000-0001-9460-0434 dsherrod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9460-0434","contributorId":527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"David","email":"dsherrod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509527,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, William E. 0000-0001-8156-979X wescott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8156-979X","contributorId":1725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"William","email":"wescott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509529,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stauffer, Peter H. pstauffe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stauffer","given":"Peter","email":"pstauffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":509528,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Pallister, John S. 0000-0002-2041-2147 jpallist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2041-2147","contributorId":2024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pallister","given":"John","email":"jpallist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thornber, Carl R. cthornber@usgs.gov","contributorId":2016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thornber","given":"Carl","email":"cthornber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cashman, Katharine V.","contributorId":40097,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cashman","given":"Katharine V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clynne, Michael A. 0000-0002-4220-2968 mclynne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4220-2968","contributorId":2032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clynne","given":"Michael","email":"mclynne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lowers, Heather 0000-0001-5360-9264 hlowers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5360-9264","contributorId":710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowers","given":"Heather","email":"hlowers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mandeville, Charlie 0000-0002-8485-3689 cmandeville@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8485-3689","contributorId":753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mandeville","given":"Charlie","email":"cmandeville@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brownfield, Isabelle K.","contributorId":97108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownfield","given":"Isabelle","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Meeker, Gregory P.","contributorId":62974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meeker","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70047349,"text":"pp17506 - 2008 - Seismicity and infrasound associated with explosions at Mount St. Helens, 2004-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-31T10:54:54","indexId":"pp17506","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T13:28:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1750-6","displayTitle":"Seismicity and infrasound associated with explosions at Mount St. Helens, 2004-2005: Chapter 6 in <i>A volcano rekindled: the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006</i>","title":"Seismicity and infrasound associated with explosions at Mount St. Helens, 2004-2005","docAbstract":"Six explosions occurred during 2004-5 in association \nwith renewed eruptive activity at Mount St. Helens, Washington. Of four explosions in October 2004, none had precursory \nseismicity and two had explosion-related seismic tremor that \nmarked the end of the explosion. However, seismicity levels \ndropped following each of the October explosions, providing \nthe primary instrumental means for explosion detection during the initial vent-clearing phase. In contrast, explosions on \nJanuary 16 and March 8, 2005, produced noticeable seismicity in the form of explosion-related tremor, infrasonic signals, \nand, in the case of the March 8 explosion, an increase in event \nsize ~2 hours before the explosion. In both 2005 cases seismic \ntremor appeared before any infrasonic signals and was best \nrecorded on stations located within the crater. These explosions demonstrated that reliable explosion detection at volcanoes like Mount St. Helens requires seismic stations within \n1-2 km of the vent and stations with multiple acoustic sensors.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"A volcano rekindled: the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006 (Professional Paper 1750)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp17506","collaboration":"This report is Chapter 6 in <i>A volcano rekindled: the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006</i>.  For more information, see: <a href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1750/\" target=\"_blank\">Professional Paper 1750</a>","usgsCitation":"Moran, S.C., McChesney, P.J., and Lockhart, A., 2008, Seismicity and infrasound associated with explosions at Mount St. Helens, 2004-2005: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1750-6, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp17506.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"111","endPage":"127","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275754,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp17506.jpg"},{"id":275752,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1750/"},{"id":275753,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1750/chapters/pp2008-1750_chapter06.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.238678,46.161175 ], [ -122.238678,46.233792 ], [ -122.131489,46.233792 ], [ -122.131489,46.161175 ], [ -122.238678,46.161175 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51fbca80e4b04b00e3d890eb","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Sherrod, David R. 0000-0001-9460-0434 dsherrod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9460-0434","contributorId":527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"David","email":"dsherrod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509455,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, William E. 0000-0001-8156-979X wescott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8156-979X","contributorId":1725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"William","email":"wescott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509457,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stauffer, Peter H. pstauffe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stauffer","given":"Peter","email":"pstauffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":509456,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Moran, Seth C. 0000-0001-7308-9649 smoran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7308-9649","contributorId":548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"Seth","email":"smoran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McChesney, Patrick J.","contributorId":23428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McChesney","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lockhart, Andrew B. ablock@usgs.gov","contributorId":632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockhart","given":"Andrew B.","email":"ablock@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":481779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70047416,"text":"pp175029 - 2008 - Identification and evolution of the juvenile component in 2004-2005 Mount St. Helens ash","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-03T08:50:03","indexId":"pp175029","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T13:15:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1750-29","displayTitle":"Identification and evolution of the juvenile component in 2004-2005 Mount St. Helens ash: Chapter 29 in <i>A volcano rekindled: the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006</i>","title":"Identification and evolution of the juvenile component in 2004-2005 Mount St. Helens ash","docAbstract":"Petrologic studies of volcanic ash are commonly used \nto identify juvenile volcanic material and observe changes in \nthe composition and style of volcanic eruptions. During the \n2004-5 eruption of Mount St. Helens, recognition of the juvenile component in ash produced by early phreatic explosions \nwas complicated by the presence of a substantial proportion \nof 1980-86 lava-dome fragments and glassy tephra, in addition to older volcanic fragments possibly derived from crater \ndebris. In this report, we correlate groundmass textures and \ncompositions of glass, mafic phases, and feldspar from 2004-5 \nash in an attempt to identify juvenile material in early phreatic \nexplosions and to distinguish among the various processes that \ngenerate and distribute ash. We conclude that clean glass in the \nash is derived mostly from nonjuvenile sources and is not particularly useful for identifying the proportion of juvenile material in ash samples. High Li contents (>30 &mu;g/g) in feldspars \nprovide a useful tracer for juvenile material and suggest an \nincrease in the proportion of the juvenile component between \nOctober 1 and October 4, 2004, before the emergence of hot \ndacite on the surface of the crater on October 11, 2004. The \npresence of Li-rich feldspar out of equilibrium (based on Liplagioclase/melt partitioning) with groundmass and bulk dacite early in the eruption also suggests vapor enrichment in the \ninitially erupted dacite. If an excess vapor phase was, indeed, \npresent, it may have provided a catalyst to initiate the eruption. \nTextural and compositional comparisons between dome fault \ngouge and the ash produced by rockfalls, rock avalanches, and vent explosions indicate that the fault gouge is a likely source \nof ash particles for both types of events. Comparison of the \nash from vent explosions and rockfalls suggests that the fault \ngouge and new dome were initially heterogeneous, containing \na mixture of conduit and crater debris and juvenile material, \nbut became increasingly homogeneous, dominated by juvenile \nmaterial, by early January 2005.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"A volcano rekindled: the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006 (Professional Paper 1750)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp175029","collaboration":"This report is Chapter 29 in <i>A volcano rekindled: the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006</i>.  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,{"id":70162723,"text":"70162723 - 2008 - Exposure assessment of veterinary medicines in aquatic systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-29T12:53:57","indexId":"70162723","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T13:15:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"4","title":"Exposure assessment of veterinary medicines in aquatic systems","docAbstract":"<p>The release of veterinary medicines into the aquatic environment may occur through direct or indirect pathways. An example of direct release is the use of medicines in aquaculture (Armstrong et al. 2005; Davies et al. 1998), where chemicals used to treat fish are added directly to water. Indirect releases, in which medicines make their way to water through transport from other matrices, include the application of animal manure to land or direct excretion of residues onto pasture land, from which the therapeutic chemicals may be transported into the aquatic environment (J&oslash;rgensen and Halling-S&oslash;rensen 2000; Boxall et al. 2003, 2004). Veterinary medicines used to treat companion animals may also be transported into the aquatic environment through disposal of unused medicines, veterinary waste, or animal carcasses (Daughton and Ternes 1999, Boxall et al. 2004). The potential for a veterinary medicine to be released to the aquatic environment will be determined by several different criteria, including the method of treatment, agriculture or aquaculture practices, environmental conditions, and the properties of the veterinary medicine.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Veterinary medicines in the environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","publisherLocation":"Boca Raton","doi":"10.1201/9781420084771.ch4","usgsCitation":"Metcalfe, C., Boxall, A., Fenner, K., Kolpin, D.W., Silberhorn, E., and Staveley, J., 2008, Exposure assessment of veterinary medicines in aquatic systems, chap. 4 <i>of</i> Veterinary medicines in the environment, p. 57-96, https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420084771.ch4.","productDescription":"40 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"96","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":315077,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-11-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ac9b4ee4b0403299f539da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Metcalfe, Chris","contributorId":152693,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Metcalfe","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boxall, Alistair","contributorId":152697,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boxall","given":"Alistair","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fenner, Kathrin","contributorId":152698,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fenner","given":"Kathrin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505 dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":590305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Silberhorn, Eric","contributorId":152699,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Silberhorn","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Staveley, Jane","contributorId":152694,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Staveley","given":"Jane","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70202033,"text":"70202033 - 2008 - Buy it now: A hybrid internet market institution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-07T12:34:43","indexId":"70202033","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T12:34:34","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5798,"text":"Journal of Electronic Commerce Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Buy it now: A hybrid internet market institution","docAbstract":"<p><span>This paper analyzes seller choices and outcomes in approximately 700 Internet auctions of a relatively homogeneous good. The ‘Buy it Now’ option allows the seller to convert the auction into a posted price market. We use a structural model to control for the conduct of the auction as well as product and seller characteristics. In explaining seller choices, we find that the ‘Buy it Now’ option was used more often by sellers with higher ratings and offering fewer units; and posted prices were more prevalent for used items. In explaining auction outcomes, we find that auctions with a ‘Buy it Now’ price had higher winning bids, ceteris paribus, whether or not the auction ended with the ‘Buy it Now’ offer being accepted, possibly reflecting signaling or bounded rationality. We also find that posting prices, by combining ‘Buy it Now’ and an equal starting price, was an effective strategy for sellers in the sample.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"California State University Long Beach","usgsCitation":"Anderson, S.T., Friedman, D., Milam, G., and Singh, N., 2008, Buy it now: A hybrid internet market institution: Journal of Electronic Commerce Research, v. 9, no. 2, p. 137-153.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"137","endPage":"153","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":361075,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jecr.org/node/139"},{"id":361076,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Steven T. 0000-0003-3481-3424 sanderson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3481-3424","contributorId":2532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Steven","email":"sanderson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":756787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Friedman, Daniel","contributorId":69435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":756788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Milam, Garrett","contributorId":212870,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Milam","given":"Garrett","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":756789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Singh, Nirvikar","contributorId":212871,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Singh","given":"Nirvikar","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":756790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70044290,"text":"70044290 - 2008 - The effect of river regulations and ground-water discharge on the ecology of the riparian corridors of the Colorado River and tributaries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-29T15:58:39.020046","indexId":"70044290","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T12:17:03","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The effect of river regulations and ground-water discharge on the ecology of the riparian corridors of the Colorado River and tributaries","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"36th congress of the International Association of Hydrogeologists","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"36th Congress of the International Association of Hydrogeologists","conferenceDate":"October 26-31, 2008","conferenceLocation":"Toyama, Japan","language":"English","publisher":"International Association of Hydrogeologists","usgsCitation":"Rosenberry, D.O., 2008, The effect of river regulations and ground-water discharge on the ecology of the riparian corridors of the Colorado River and tributaries, <i>in</i> 36th congress of the International Association of Hydrogeologists, v. 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,{"id":70156428,"text":"70156428 - 2008 - Towards monitoring land-cover and land-use changes at a global scale: the global land survey 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-17T10:17:09","indexId":"70156428","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Towards monitoring land-cover and land-use changes at a global scale: the global land survey 2005","docAbstract":"<p>Land cover is a critical component of the Earth system, infl uencing land-atmosphere interactions, greenhouse gas fl uxes, ecosystem health, and availability of food, fi ber, and energy for human populations. The recent Integrated Global Observations of Land (IGOL) report calls for the generation of maps documenting global land cover at resolutions between 10m and 30m at least every fi ve years (Townshend et al., in press). Moreover, despite 35 years of Landsat observations, there has not been a unifi ed global analysis of land-cover trends nor has there been a global assessment of land-cover change at Landsat-like resolution. Since the 1990s, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) have supported development of data sets based on global Landsat observations (Tucker et al., 2004). These land survey data sets, usually referred to as GeoCover &trade;, provide global, orthorectifi ed, typically cloud-free Landsat imagery centered on the years 1975, 1990, and 2000, with a preference for leaf-on conditions. Collectively, these data sets provided a consistent set of observations to assess land-cover changes at a decadal scale. These data are freely available via the Internet from the USGS Center for Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) (see http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov or http://glovis.usgs.gov). This has resulted in unprecedented downloads of data, which are widely used in scientifi c studies of land-cover change (e.g., Boone et al., 2007; Harris et al., 2005; Hilbert, 2006; Huang et al. 2007; Jantz et al., 2005, Kim et al., 2007; Leimgruber, 2005; Masek et al., 2006). NASA and USGS are continuing to support land-cover change research through the development of GLS2005 - an additional global Landsat assessment circa 20051 . Going beyond the earlier initiatives, this data set will establish a baseline for monitoring changes on a 5-year interval and will pave the way toward continuous global land-cover monitoring at Landsat-like resolution in the next decade.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Photogrammetry","publisherLocation":"Falls Church, VA","usgsCitation":"Gutman, G., Byrnes, R.A., Masek, J., Covington, S., Justice, C., Franks, S., and Headley, R., 2008, Towards monitoring land-cover and land-use changes at a global scale: the global land survey 2005: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 74, no. 1, p. 6-10.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"6","endPage":"10","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307121,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"74","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe8811e4b0824b2d149db7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gutman, G.","contributorId":146850,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gutman","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Byrnes, Raymond A. rbyrnes@usgs.gov","contributorId":4779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byrnes","given":"Raymond","email":"rbyrnes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":569143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Masek, J.","contributorId":88563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masek","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Covington, S.","contributorId":13111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Covington","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Justice, C.","contributorId":146851,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Justice","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Franks, S.","contributorId":40803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franks","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Headley, Rachel rheadley@usgs.gov","contributorId":1744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Headley","given":"Rachel","email":"rheadley@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":569148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70047377,"text":"pp175016 - 2008 - Instrumentation in remote and dangerous settings; examples using data from GPS “spider” deployments during the 2004-2005 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-03T08:49:36","indexId":"pp175016","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T12:04:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1750-16","displayTitle":"Instrumentation in remote and dangerous settings; examples using data from GPS “spider” deployments during the 2004-2005 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington: Chapter 16 in <i>A volcano rekindled: the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006</i>","title":"Instrumentation in remote and dangerous settings; examples using data from GPS “spider” deployments during the 2004-2005 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington","docAbstract":"Self-contained, single-frequency GPS instruments fitted \non lightweight stations suitable for helicopter-sling payloads \nbecame a critical part of volcano monitoring during the \nSeptember 2004 unrest and subsequent eruption of Mount St. \nHelens. Known as “spiders” because of their spindly frames, \nthe stations were slung into the crater 29 times from September 2004 to December 2005 when conditions at the volcano \nwere too dangerous for crews to install conventional equipment. Data were transmitted in near-real time to the Cascades \nVolcano Observatory in Vancouver, Washington. Each fully \nequipped unit cost about $2,500 in materials and, if not \ndestroyed by natural events, was retrieved and redeployed as \nneeded. The GPS spiders have been used to track the growth \nand decay of extruding dacite lava (meters per day), thickening \nand accelerated flow of Crater Glacier (meters per month), and \nmovement of the 1980-86 dome from pressure and relaxation \nof the newly extruding lava dome (centimeters per day).","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"A volcano rekindled: the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006 (Professional Paper 1750)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp175016","collaboration":"This report is Chapter 16 in <i>A volcano rekindled: the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006</i>.  For more information, see: <a href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1750/\" target=\"_blank\">Professional Paper 1750</a>","usgsCitation":"LaHusen, R.G., Swinford, K.J., Logan, M., and Lisowski, M., 2008, Instrumentation in remote and dangerous settings; examples using data from GPS “spider” deployments during the 2004-2005 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1750-16, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp175016.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"335","endPage":"345","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275948,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275947,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1750/chapters/pp2008-1750_chapter16.pdf"},{"id":275946,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1750/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.238678,46.161175 ], [ -122.238678,46.233792 ], [ -122.131489,46.233792 ], [ -122.131489,46.161175 ], [ -122.238678,46.161175 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51fcd4e4e4b0296e5a4b5c53","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Sherrod, David R. 0000-0001-9460-0434 dsherrod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9460-0434","contributorId":527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"David","email":"dsherrod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509485,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, William E. 0000-0001-8156-979X wescott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8156-979X","contributorId":1725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"William","email":"wescott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509487,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stauffer, Peter H. pstauffe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stauffer","given":"Peter","email":"pstauffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":509486,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"LaHusen, Richard G.","contributorId":60205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaHusen","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swinford, Kelly J. kjswinfo@usgs.gov","contributorId":636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swinford","given":"Kelly","email":"kjswinfo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":481861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Logan, Matthew 0000-0002-3558-2405 mlogan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3558-2405","contributorId":638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Logan","given":"Matthew","email":"mlogan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lisowski, Michael 0000-0003-4818-2504 mlisowski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4818-2504","contributorId":637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisowski","given":"Michael","email":"mlisowski@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70047372,"text":"pp175015 - 2008 - Analysis of GPS-measured deformation associated with the 2004-2006 dome-building eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-03T08:49:05","indexId":"pp175015","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T11:54:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1750-15","displayTitle":"Analysis of GPS-measured deformation associated with the 2004-2006 dome-building eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington: Chapter 15 in <i>A volcano rekindled: the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006</i>","title":"Analysis of GPS-measured deformation associated with the 2004-2006 dome-building eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington","docAbstract":"Detecting far-field deformation at Mount St. Helens \nsince the crater-forming landslide and blast in 1980 has been \ndifficult despite frequent volcanic activity and improved \nmonitoring techniques. Between 1982 and 1991, the systematic extension of line lengths in a regional GPS trilateration network is consistent with recharge of a deep magma \nchamber during that interval. The rate of extension, however, \naverages only 3 mm/yr, and some of this apparent deformation may result from systematic scale error in the electronic \ndistance measurements. Subsequent GPS surveys and data \nfrom a continuous GPS station, located 9 km north of Mount \nSt. Helens and operating since 1997, show no significant \nvolcanic deformation until the start of unrest on September \n23, 2004. The current eruption has been accompanied by \nsubtle but widespread inward and downward movement of \nGPS monitoring stations, exponentially decreasing with time \nand totaling as much as 30 mm. The observed deformation is \nconsistent with the predictions of an elastic half-space model \nof a vertically elongate magma chamber with its center at \na depth of around 7 to 8 km and with a total cavity-volume \nloss of about 16–24×10<sup>6</sup> m<sup>3</sup>\n. The discrepancy between the \nestimated cavity-volume loss and the >83×10<sup>6</sup>-m<sup>3</sup>\n volume \nof the erupted dome can be explained, for the most part, by \nexsolution of gas in the stored magma and by minor input of \nnew magma during the eruption.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"A volcano rekindled: the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006 (Professional Paper 1750)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp175015","collaboration":"This report is Chapter 15 in <i>A volcano rekindled: the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006</i>.  For more information, see: <a href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1750/\" target=\"_blank\">Professional Paper 1750</a>","usgsCitation":"Lisowski, M., Dzurisin, D., Denlinger, R.P., and Iwatsubo, E.Y., 2008, Analysis of GPS-measured deformation associated with the 2004-2006 dome-building eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1750-15, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp175015.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"301","endPage":"333","numberOfPages":"33","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275945,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275943,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1750/"},{"id":275944,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1750/chapters/pp2008-1750_chapter15.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51fcd4dfe4b0296e5a4b5c0b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Sherrod, David R. 0000-0001-9460-0434 dsherrod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9460-0434","contributorId":527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"David","email":"dsherrod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519985,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, William E. 0000-0001-8156-979X wescott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8156-979X","contributorId":1725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"William","email":"wescott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519987,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stauffer, Peter H. pstauffe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stauffer","given":"Peter","email":"pstauffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":519986,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Lisowski, Michael 0000-0003-4818-2504 mlisowski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4818-2504","contributorId":637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisowski","given":"Michael","email":"mlisowski@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dzurisin, Daniel 0000-0002-0138-5067 dzurisin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0138-5067","contributorId":538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dzurisin","given":"Daniel","email":"dzurisin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Denlinger, Roger P. 0000-0003-0930-0635 roger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0930-0635","contributorId":2679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denlinger","given":"Roger","email":"roger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Iwatsubo, Eugene Y.","contributorId":16308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwatsubo","given":"Eugene","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":518103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70047409,"text":"pp175028 - 2008 - The Pleistocene eruptive history of Mount St. Helens, Washington, from 300,000 to 12,800 years before present","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-03T08:45:41","indexId":"pp175028","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T11:47:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1750-28","displayTitle":"The Pleistocene eruptive history of Mount St. Helens, Washington, from 300,000 to 12,800 years before present: Chapter 28 in <i>A volcano rekindled: the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006</i>","title":"The Pleistocene eruptive history of Mount St. Helens, Washington, from 300,000 to 12,800 years before present","docAbstract":"<p>We report the results of recent geologic mapping and radiometric dating that add considerable detail to our understanding of the eruptive history of Mount St. Helens before its latest, or Spirit Lake, stage. New data and reevaluation of earlier work indicate at least two eruptive periods during the earliest, or Ape Canyon, stage, possibly separated by a long hiatus: one about 300-250 ka and a second about 160–35 ka. Volcanism during this stage included eruption of biotite- and quartz-bearing dacite domes and pyroclastic flows in the area west of and beneath the present-day edifice, accompanied by the deposition of set C tephras. Ape Canyon-stage rocks are compositionally similar to younger Mount St. Helens dacite. The Cougar stage, about 28-18 ka, was probably the most active eruptive stage in Mount St. Helens’ history before the Spirit Lake stage. During the Cougar stage, a debris avalanche buried the area south of the present-day edifice, and voluminous pyroclastic flows, dacite domes, tephra, and a large volume pyroxene andesite lava flow were erupted. Two tephra sets, M and K, were deposited midway through this stage. Swift Creek-stage deposits were emplaced in two phases, beginning about 16 ka and ending about 12.8 ka. During the first phase, set S tephras and three large fans and at least one smaller fan of dacitic fragmental material were deposited on the northwest, west, south, and southeast flanks of Mount St. Helens. The fans are dominated by lithic pyroclastic-flow deposits associated with dome building but include both primary and reworked material from pumiceous pyroclastic flows and lahars. One Swift Creek-age dome on the west flank of the volcano has been located, and others must have been nearby. During the second phase, set J tephras were deposited, but no pyroclastic flows or domes are known to be associated with the andesitic set J tephras. Preliminary petrographic analysis of these older rocks suggests that the volcano’s magmatic system was simpler during the Ape Canyon stage than during subsequent stages and that the magmatic system has evolved from relatively simple to more complex as the volcano matured. Compositional cycles as envisioned by C.A. Hopson and W.G. Melson for the Spirit Lake stage probably did not occur during the Ape Canyon stage but developed later during the Cougar and Swift Creek stages.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"A volcano rekindled: the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006 (Professional Paper 1750)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp175028","collaboration":"This report is Chapter 28 in <i>A volcano rekindled: the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006</i>.  For more information, see: <a href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1750/\" target=\"_blank\">Professional Paper 1750</a>","usgsCitation":"Clynne, M.A., Calvert, A.T., Wolfe, E.W., Evarts, R.C., Fleck, R.J., and Lanphere, M.A., 2008, The Pleistocene eruptive history of Mount St. Helens, Washington, from 300,000 to 12,800 years before present: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1750-28, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp175028.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"593","endPage":"627","numberOfPages":"35","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276028,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp175028.png"},{"id":276027,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1750/chapters/pp2008-1750_chapter28.pdf"},{"id":276026,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1750/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.238678,46.161175 ], [ -122.238678,46.233792 ], [ -122.131489,46.233792 ], [ -122.131489,46.161175 ], [ -122.238678,46.161175 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5200c96ae4b009d47a4c23f0","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Sherrod, David R. 0000-0001-9460-0434 dsherrod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9460-0434","contributorId":527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"David","email":"dsherrod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509521,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, William E. 0000-0001-8156-979X wescott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8156-979X","contributorId":1725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"William","email":"wescott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509523,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stauffer, Peter H. pstauffe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stauffer","given":"Peter","email":"pstauffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":509522,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Clynne, Michael A. 0000-0002-4220-2968 mclynne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4220-2968","contributorId":2032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clynne","given":"Michael","email":"mclynne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Calvert, Andrew T. 0000-0001-5237-2218 acalvert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2218","contributorId":2694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calvert","given":"Andrew","email":"acalvert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wolfe, Edward W.","contributorId":79878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Evarts, Russell C. revarts@usgs.gov","contributorId":1974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evarts","given":"Russell","email":"revarts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fleck, Robert J. 0000-0002-3149-8249 fleck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3149-8249","contributorId":1048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleck","given":"Robert","email":"fleck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lanphere, Marvin A. alder@usgs.gov","contributorId":2696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanphere","given":"Marvin","email":"alder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":481973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70004408,"text":"70004408 - 2008 - Use of a groundwater flow model to assess the location, extent, and hydrologic properties of faults in the Rialto-Colton Basin, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-23T16:57:07.458815","indexId":"70004408","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T11:45:46","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Use of a groundwater flow model to assess the location, extent, and hydrologic properties of faults in the Rialto-Colton Basin, California","docAbstract":"Faults within a groundwater basin can greatly influence the direction of groundwater flow and contaminant migration. Existing steady-state and transient groundwater flow models were used to assess the location, extent, and hydrologic properties of two alternative fault configurations within the Rialto-Colton basin. Adjustments were made to the hydrologic properties of the faults and the location of the interface between the model cells that define the fault locations. The first configuration tested was the reorientation of Barrier H, a mapped fault that has been subject to various interpretations. The second configuration tested included the redefined Barrier H and a single composite of two previously unmapped faults. Steady-state and transient simulations for both alternative models produced good overall fits to the measured data and are similar to those of the existing model. However, the second alternative fault configuration better represents the available data.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"MODFLOW and More 2008: Ground water and public policy — Conference proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"MODFLOW and More 2008: Ground Water and Public Policy","conferenceDate":"May 18-21, 2008","conferenceLocation":"Golden, Colorado, United States","publisher":"Colorado School of Mines","usgsCitation":"Woolfenden, L.R., 2008, Use of a groundwater flow model to assess the location, extent, and hydrologic properties of faults in the Rialto-Colton Basin, California, <i>in</i> MODFLOW and More 2008: Ground water and public policy — Conference proceedings, Golden, Colorado, United States, May 18-21, 2008, p. 78-82.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"78","endPage":"82","ipdsId":"IP-005019","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":397473,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Rialto-Colton Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.3065185546875,\n              34.01396527491264\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.11975097656249,\n              34.10611931869012\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.42187500000001,\n              34.24132422972854\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.61001586914062,\n              34.15272698011818\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.3065185546875,\n              34.01396527491264\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Poeter, Eileen","contributorId":24616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poeter","given":"Eileen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":838668,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, Mary C. mchill@usgs.gov","contributorId":974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Mary","email":"mchill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838669,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zheng, Chunmiao","contributorId":214041,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zheng","given":"Chunmiao","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16675,"text":"U Alabama","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838670,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Woolfenden, Linda R. 0000-0003-3500-4709 lrwoolfe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3500-4709","contributorId":1476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woolfenden","given":"Linda","email":"lrwoolfe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70226944,"text":"70226944 - 2008 - Book review of Avalanche Dynamics by Shiva P. Pudasaini and Kolumban Hutter. Springer: Berlin-Heidelberg, 2007. 602 pages, 225 figures, 15 tables","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-21T17:47:28.374928","indexId":"70226944","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T11:43:13","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2309,"text":"Journal of Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Book review of <i>Avalanche Dynamics</i> by Shiva P. Pudasaini and Kolumban Hutter. Springer: Berlin-Heidelberg, 2007. 602 pages, 225 figures, 15 tables","title":"Book review of Avalanche Dynamics by Shiva P. Pudasaini and Kolumban Hutter. Springer: Berlin-Heidelberg, 2007. 602 pages, 225 figures, 15 tables","docAbstract":"<p><span>This highly specialized book is interesting not only because of its important subject matter but also because of its egocentric perspective. The majority of the book provides a nearly exhaustive retrospective of the authors’ many contributions to the shallow‐flow theory of granular avalanches, and it also critiques contributions by others. Indeed, some readers (including this reviewer) might be dismayed to find their own contributions critiqued inaccurately! This brief review will not attempt to correct inaccuracies, however, but will emphasize the book’s main features.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/527023","usgsCitation":"Iverson, R.M., 2008, Book review of Avalanche Dynamics by Shiva P. Pudasaini and Kolumban Hutter. Springer: Berlin-Heidelberg, 2007. 602 pages, 225 figures, 15 tables: Journal of Geology, v. 116, no. 1, p. 103-103, https://doi.org/10.1086/527023.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"103","endPage":"103","costCenters":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":393223,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iverson, Richard M. 0000-0002-7369-3819 riverson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-3819","contributorId":536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"Richard","email":"riverson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":828869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70236321,"text":"70236321 - 2008 - Preface","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70236321,"text":"70236321 - 2008 - Preface","indexId":"70236321","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"title":"Preface"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70236319,"text":"70236319 - 2008 - Kinetics of water-rock interaction","indexId":"70236319","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"title":"Kinetics of water-rock interaction"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70236319,"text":"70236319 - 2008 - Kinetics of water-rock interaction","indexId":"70236319","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"title":"Kinetics of water-rock interaction"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-14T13:52:42.649286","indexId":"70236321","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T11:38:42","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Preface","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Kinetics of water-rock interaction","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/978-0-387-73563-4","usgsCitation":"Brantley, S.L., Kubicki, J.D., and White, A.F., 2008, Preface, chap. <i>of</i> Kinetics of water-rock interaction, p. v-vii, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-73563-4.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"v","endPage":"vii","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":406074,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Brantley, Susan L. 0000-0003-4320-2342","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4320-2342","contributorId":184201,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brantley","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":854432,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kubicki, J. D.","contributorId":63212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kubicki","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":854433,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, Arthur F. afwhite@usgs.gov","contributorId":3718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Arthur","email":"afwhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":854434,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Brantley, Susan L. 0000-0003-4320-2342","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4320-2342","contributorId":184201,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brantley","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kubicki, J. D.","contributorId":63212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kubicki","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, Arthur F. afwhite@usgs.gov","contributorId":3718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Arthur","email":"afwhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":850607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70101843,"text":"70101843 - 2008 - Ice, climate change and wildlife research in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-28T14:36:09","indexId":"70101843","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T11:33:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1496,"text":"Endangered Species Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ice, climate change and wildlife research in Alaska","docAbstract":"Not available","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Endangered Species Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"DeGange, A.R., 2008, Ice, climate change and wildlife research in Alaska: Endangered Species Bulletin, v. 33, no. 3, p. 16-19.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"16","endPage":"19","ipdsId":"IP-009492","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286443,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286348,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.fws.gov/endangered/news/pdf/bulletin_fall2008.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.45,51.21 ], [ 172.45,71.39 ], [ -129.99,71.39 ], [ -129.99,51.21 ], [ 172.45,51.21 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"33","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53558f0be4b0120853e8bddd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeGange, Anthony R. tdegange@usgs.gov","contributorId":139765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeGange","given":"Anthony","email":"tdegange@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":492797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70236319,"text":"70236319 - 2008 - Kinetics of water-rock interaction","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70236318,"text":"70236318 - 2008 - Quantitative approaches to characterizing natural chemical weathering rates","indexId":"70236318","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"title":"Quantitative approaches to characterizing natural chemical weathering rates"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70236319,"text":"70236319 - 2008 - Kinetics of water-rock interaction","indexId":"70236319","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"title":"Kinetics of water-rock interaction"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":70236321,"text":"70236321 - 2008 - Preface","indexId":"70236321","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"title":"Preface"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70236319,"text":"70236319 - 2008 - Kinetics of water-rock interaction","indexId":"70236319","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"title":"Kinetics of water-rock interaction"},"id":2}],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-01T16:32:36.049889","indexId":"70236319","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T11:28:59","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"title":"Kinetics of water-rock interaction","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/978-0-387-73563-4","usgsCitation":"Brantley, S.L., Kubicki, J.D., and White, A.F., 2008, Kinetics of water-rock interaction, 833 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-73563-4.","productDescription":"833 p.","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":406073,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brantley, Susan L. 0000-0003-4320-2342","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4320-2342","contributorId":184201,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brantley","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kubicki, J. D.","contributorId":63212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kubicki","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, Arthur F. afwhite@usgs.gov","contributorId":3718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Arthur","email":"afwhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":850599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70236318,"text":"70236318 - 2008 - Quantitative approaches to characterizing natural chemical weathering rates","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70236318,"text":"70236318 - 2008 - Quantitative approaches to characterizing natural chemical weathering rates","indexId":"70236318","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"title":"Quantitative approaches to characterizing natural chemical weathering rates"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70236319,"text":"70236319 - 2008 - Kinetics of water-rock interaction","indexId":"70236319","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"title":"Kinetics of water-rock interaction"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70236319,"text":"70236319 - 2008 - Kinetics of water-rock interaction","indexId":"70236319","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"title":"Kinetics of water-rock interaction"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-13T14:23:31.651347","indexId":"70236318","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T11:23:59","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Quantitative approaches to characterizing natural chemical weathering rates","docAbstract":"<p><span>Silicate minerals, constituting more than 90% of the rocks exposed at the earth’s surface, are commonly formed under temperature and pressure conditions that make them inherently unstable in surficial environments. Undoubtedly, the most significant aspect of chemical weathering resulting from this instability is the formation of soils which makes life possible on the surface of the earth. Many soil macronutrients in this “critical zone” are directly related to the rate at which primary minerals weather (Huntington, 1995; Chadwick et al., 2003). Chemical weathering also creates economically significant ore deposits, such as those for Al and U (Samma, 1986; Misra, 2000), as well as potentially releasing high concentrations of toxic trace elements such as Se and As (Frankenberger and Benson, 1994). Silicate weathering is a significant buffer to acidification caused by atmospheric deposition (Driscoll et al., 1989) and from land use practices (Farley and Werritty, 1989). Atmospheric CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;levels have been primarily controlled by the balance between silicate weathering and the rate of volcanic inputs from the Earth’s interior, a relationship which may explain long-term climate stability (Ruddiman, 1997)</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Kinetics of water-rock interaction","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/978-0-387-73563-4_10","usgsCitation":"White, A.F., 2008, Quantitative approaches to characterizing natural chemical weathering rates, chap. <i>of</i> Kinetics of water-rock interaction, p. 469-543, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-73563-4_10.","productDescription":"75 p.","startPage":"469","endPage":"543","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":406072,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Brantley, Susan L.","contributorId":38461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brantley","given":"Susan L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":854429,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kubicki, J. D.","contributorId":63212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kubicki","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":854430,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, Arthur F. afwhite@usgs.gov","contributorId":3718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Arthur","email":"afwhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":854431,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"White, Arthur F. afwhite@usgs.gov","contributorId":3718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Arthur","email":"afwhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":850596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70047344,"text":"pp17505 - 2008 - Broadband characteristics of earthquakes recorded during a dome-building eruption at Mount St. Helens, Washington, between October 2004 and May 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-31T11:01:03","indexId":"pp17505","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T11:22:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1750-5","displayTitle":"Broadband characteristics of earthquakes recorded during a dome-building eruption at Mount St. Helens, Washington, between October 2004 and May 2005: Chapter 5 in <i>A volcano rekindled: the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006</i>","title":"Broadband characteristics of earthquakes recorded during a dome-building eruption at Mount St. Helens, Washington, between October 2004 and May 2005","docAbstract":"From October 2004 to May 2005, the Center for Earthquake Research and Information of the University of Memphis \noperated two to six broadband seismometers within 5 to 20 \nkm of Mount St. Helens to help monitor recent seismic and \nvolcanic activity. Approximately 57,000 earthquakes identified during the 7-month deployment had a normal magnitude \ndistribution with a mean magnitude of 1.78 and a standard \ndeviation of 0.24 magnitude units. Both the mode and range \nof earthquake magnitude and the rate of activity varied during \nthe deployment. We examined the time domain and spectral \ncharacteristics of two classes of events seen during dome \nbuilding. These include volcano-tectonic earthquakes and \nlower-frequency events. Lower-frequency events are further \nclassified into hybrid earthquakes, low-frequency earthquakes, \nand long-duration volcanic tremor. Hybrid and low-frequency \nearthquakes showed a continuum of characteristics that varied \nsystematically with time. A progressive loss of high-frequency \nseismic energy occurred in earthquakes as magma approached \nand eventually reached the surface. The spectral shape of large \nand small earthquakes occurring within days of each other did \nnot vary with magnitude. Volcanic tremor events and lower-frequency earthquakes displayed consistent spectral peaks, \nalthough higher frequencies were more favorably excited during tremor than earthquakes.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"A volcano rekindled: the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006 (Professional Paper 1750)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp17505","collaboration":"This report is Chapter 5 in <i>A volcano rekindled: the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006</i>.  For more information, see: <a href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1750/\" target=\"_blank\">Professional Paper 1750</a>","usgsCitation":"Horton, S.P., Norris, R.D., and Moran, S.C., 2008, Broadband characteristics of earthquakes recorded during a dome-building eruption at Mount St. Helens, Washington, between October 2004 and May 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1750-5, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp17505.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"97","endPage":"110","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275678,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp17505.jpg"},{"id":275677,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1750/chapters/pp2008-1750_chapter05.pdf"},{"id":275676,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1750/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.238678,46.161175 ], [ -122.238678,46.233792 ], [ -122.131489,46.233792 ], [ -122.131489,46.161175 ], [ -122.238678,46.161175 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51fbca6fe4b04b00e3d88f83","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Sherrod, David R. 0000-0001-9460-0434 dsherrod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9460-0434","contributorId":527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"David","email":"dsherrod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509452,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, William E. 0000-0001-8156-979X wescott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8156-979X","contributorId":1725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"William","email":"wescott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509454,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stauffer, Peter H. pstauffe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stauffer","given":"Peter","email":"pstauffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":509453,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Horton, Stephen P.","contributorId":106402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Norris, Robert D.","contributorId":79783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norris","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moran, Seth C. 0000-0001-7308-9649 smoran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7308-9649","contributorId":548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"Seth","email":"smoran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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