The need for large quantities of energy has created interest in the Fort Union coal region of the Northern Great Plains. Extensive development of this coal, which may include onsite steam-power generation, gasification, liquefaction, and slurry-pipeline transport of the coal from this region, would place a heavy demand on the region's limited streamflow. Paleozoic rocks that underlie the Fort Union coal region and aquifers in these rocks, including the Red River Formation and the Madison Limestone, might supply, at least on a temporary basis, a significant part of the water required for coal development. The area of study covers approximately 200,000 square miles, and includes eastern Montana, western North Dakota and South Dakota, northeastern Wyoming, and northwestern Nebraska. This report, one of a series in the Madison Limestone study, uses hydrologic and geologic data to outline potentially favorable areas for well construction - that is, areas in which there is a good probability that large-yield wells (more than 500 gallons per minute) can be completed in the Red River Formation and in the Madison Limestone. Potentially favorable areas in terms of aquifer characteristics, for both the Red River Formation and the Madison Limestone, are given a numerical evaluation from 1 to 3 based on the number of the following criteria that are met: (1) the presence of more than 100 feet of relatively porous rock, (2) the presence of more than 100 feet of dolomite, and (3) the presence of known geologic structures which could affect yield. Areas rated 3 are those in which all three criteria are satisfied; areas rated 2 are those in which two criteria are satisfied; and areas rated 1 are those in which only one criterion is satisfied. The criteria selected for this analysis were chosen because they can be recognized and mapped over the entire study area. Local features such as minor structures, solution zones, and rock facies of small extent were not included in this regional evaluation. In addition, water quality was considered in a general way in defining the favorable areas, by excluding areas in which the electrical resistivity of formation water, as calculated from geophysical well logs, was less than 1 ohm-meter. The numerical scales of the Red River Formation and Madison Limestone are summed to show potentially favorable areas for the combined aquifers. Certain additional factors which may be important to a prospective water user were not included in the numerical ranking - these include depths to the two aquifers, calcite saturation, water temperature, total dissolved solids, and piezometric head in relation to land surface. For a complete evaluation, potential users should consider these factors plus local structures, facies, and solution zones in conjunction with the numerical rankings reflecting aquifer characteristics. To facilitate consideration of piezometric head, maps are included in this report showing areas in which the piezometric head falls in certain ranges with respect to land surface.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81220","usgsCitation":"MacCary, L., Cushing, E.M., and Brown, D.L., 1981, Potentially favorable areas for large-yield wells in the Red River Formation and Madison Limestone in parts of Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming, and Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-220, Report: vi, 29 p.; 1 Plate: 17.86 x 21.76 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81220.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 29 p.; 1 Plate: 17.86 x 21.76 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":405012,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0220/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":405011,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0220/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":145531,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0220/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.13671875,\n 40.111688665595956\n ],\n [\n -96.328125,\n 40.111688665595956\n ],\n [\n -96.328125,\n 49.03786794532644\n ],\n [\n -115.13671875,\n 49.03786794532644\n ],\n [\n -115.13671875,\n 40.111688665595956\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a86be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacCary, L.M.","contributorId":13200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacCary","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cushing, E. M.","contributorId":94273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cushing","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, David L.","contributorId":55425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":10047,"text":"ofr81138 - 1981 - Hydrologic monitoring in the coal fields of central Utah, August 1978-September 1979","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-18T21:52:00.511532","indexId":"ofr81138","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-138","title":"Hydrologic monitoring in the coal fields of central Utah, August 1978-September 1979","docAbstract":"Surface-water quantity and quality were observed at 12 gaging stations downstream from mined and lease areas in the Wasatch Plateau, Book Cliff's, and Emery coal fields in central Utah. Measurements of base flow were made at 52 additional sites in the region. The report describes the hydrologic setting of this important coal region and summarizes the surface-water data collected at the monitoring sites from August 1978 through September 1979. Coal mining and lease activities in each of the monitored basins also are described.
Where possible, hydrologic impacts of coal mining are evaluated. Impacts include increases in streamflow and degradation of surface-water quality due to water discharged from underground mines. Other impacts include removal of water from ground-water storage, changes in the natural ground-water flow system, and possibly the diminution of spring flows.
Adequacy of the monitoring network to detect hydrologic changes due to mining is evaluated. In order to fully assess and quantify the impacts, comprehensive studies and monitoring of the ground-water system and water produced in mines are needed.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81138","usgsCitation":"Lines, G.C., and Plantz, G.G., 1981, Hydrologic monitoring in the coal fields of central Utah, August 1978-September 1979: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-138, Report: vi, 56 p.; 1 Plate: 20.45 x 23.78 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81138.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 56 p.; 1 Plate: 20.45 x 23.78 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403968,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0138/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":403967,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0138/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":144541,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0138/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"central Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.62060546875,\n 38.18638677411551\n ],\n [\n -109.951171875,\n 38.18638677411551\n ],\n [\n -109.951171875,\n 39.65645604812829\n ],\n [\n -113.62060546875,\n 39.65645604812829\n ],\n [\n -113.62060546875,\n 38.18638677411551\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db606612","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lines, Gregory C.","contributorId":50502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lines","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plantz, Gerald G.","contributorId":96149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plantz","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":9991,"text":"ofr801298 - 1981 - Magnitude and chemical quality of base flow of Otter Creek, Tongue River, and Rosebud Creek, southeastern Montana, October 26-November 5, 1977","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-04T21:30:23.997764","indexId":"ofr801298","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-1298","title":"Magnitude and chemical quality of base flow of Otter Creek, Tongue River, and Rosebud Creek, southeastern Montana, October 26-November 5, 1977","docAbstract":"Hydrologic and chemical data were collected during base-flow conditions on three streams in southeastern Montana from October 26 to November 5, 1977, to characterize groundwater discharge. Maximum measured flow of Otter Creek, an interrupted stream, was 1.2 cubic feet per second. The water chemistry was dominated by sodium, magnesium, and sulfate ions, with a maximum dissolved-solids concentration of 3,540 milligrams per liter. Chemistry of groundwater inflow is dominated by sodium, magnesium, and sulfate. A discharge of 156 cubic feet per second from the Tongue River Reservoir into the Tongue River complicated interpretation of groundwater discharge to the reach downstream from the reservoir. Many reaches of gain and loss were observed along the Tongue River; the flow near the mouth was 233 cubic feet per second. Minor changes in quality of the base flow indicate groundwater discharges dominated by sodium, sulfate, and bicarbonate plus carbonate. Dissolved-solids concentration increased from 506 milligrams per liter near the dam to 630 milligrams per liter near the mouth. Maximum measured flow of Rosebud Creek was 19.0 cubic feet per second. Water quality in the upper reaches was dominated by magnesium, calcium , and bicarbonate, with dissolved-solids concentrations ranging from 560 to 703 milligrams per liter. Sodium, sulfate, and dissolved solids increase downstream.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr801298","usgsCitation":"Lee, R.W., Slagle, S.E., and Stimson, J.R., 1981, Magnitude and chemical quality of base flow of Otter Creek, Tongue River, and Rosebud Creek, southeastern Montana, October 26-November 5, 1977: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-1298, Report: iv, 29 p.; 1 Plate: 19.02 x 18.56 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr801298.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 29 p.; 1 Plate: 19.02 x 18.56 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":429509,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_11517.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":37801,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/1298/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":37802,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/1298/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":142534,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/1298/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.25,\n 46.5\n ],\n [\n -107.25,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -105.5,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -105.5,\n 46.5\n ],\n [\n -107.25,\n 46.5\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6494e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Roger W.","contributorId":105273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slagle, Steven E.","contributorId":35284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slagle","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stimson, James R.","contributorId":77152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stimson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":10012,"text":"ofr81485 - 1981 - Evapotranspiration from rapidly growing young saltcedar in the Gila River Valley of Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:30","indexId":"ofr81485","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-485","title":"Evapotranspiration from rapidly growing young saltcedar in the Gila River Valley of Arizona","docAbstract":"Estimates of evapotranspiration by young saltcedar, based on energy budget measurements, were made for an unfilled portion of the San Carlos Reservoir in east-central Arizona. Foty-eight days of record were obtained before the site was inundated. The young saltcedar, which had grown from seed earlier in the season , had an average daily evapotranspiration of 5.8 millimeters of water during the period August 17, 1971, to October 3, 1971. Daily values ranged from 9.2 millimeters to a low of 0.23 millimeters which occurred during a stormy day. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81485","usgsCitation":"Leppanen, O., 1981, Evapotranspiration from rapidly growing young saltcedar in the Gila River Valley of Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-485, v, 31 p.:ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81485.","productDescription":"v, 31 p.:ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143965,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0485/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37826,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0485/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9aa8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leppanen, O.E.","contributorId":11225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leppanen","given":"O.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":47047,"text":"ofr79305 - 1981 - Federal coal resource occurrence map of the northeast quarter of the Red Oak 15-minute quadrangle, Latimer County, Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-29T21:27:26.640271","indexId":"ofr79305","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-305","title":"Federal coal resource occurrence map of the northeast quarter of the Red Oak 15-minute quadrangle, Latimer County, Oklahoma","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr79305","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, Brady, B., and Geological Services of Tulsa, 1981, Federal coal resource occurrence map of the northeast quarter of the Red Oak 15-minute quadrangle, Latimer County, Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-305, Report: 37 p.; 21 Plates: 23.90 × 29.76 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr79305.","productDescription":"Report: 37 p.; 21 Plates: 23.90 × 29.76 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":84017,"rank":415,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0305/plate-16.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":84016,"rank":414,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0305/plate-15.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":84015,"rank":413,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0305/plate-14.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":84014,"rank":412,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0305/plate-13.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":84013,"rank":411,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0305/plate-12.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":84012,"rank":410,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0305/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":84011,"rank":409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0305/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":84010,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0305/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":84009,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0305/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":84008,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0305/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":84007,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0305/plate-06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":84006,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0305/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":84005,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0305/plate-04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":84004,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0305/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":84003,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0305/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":84002,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0305/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":84023,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0305/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":392203,"rank":24,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_28275.htm"},{"id":171259,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0305/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":84022,"rank":420,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0305/plate-21.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":84019,"rank":417,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0305/plate-18.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":84018,"rank":416,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0305/plate-17.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":84020,"rank":418,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0305/plate-19.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":84021,"rank":419,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0305/plate-20.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","county":"Latimer County","otherGeospatial":"Red Oak 15-minute quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.125,\n 34.875\n ],\n [\n -95,\n 34.875\n ],\n [\n -95,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -95.125,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -95.125,\n 34.875\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fde4b07f02db5f5f92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":531706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brady, Bruce T.","contributorId":8059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"Bruce T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":234554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Geological Services of Tulsa","contributorId":128199,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Geological Services of Tulsa","id":531707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":10151,"text":"ofr81569 - 1981 - Geologic factors pertinent to the proposed A. J. Wiley Hydroelectric Project No. 2845, Bliss, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-19T13:33:27","indexId":"ofr81569","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-569","title":"Geologic factors pertinent to the proposed A. J. Wiley Hydroelectric Project No. 2845, Bliss, Idaho","docAbstract":"The A.J. Wiley Hydroelectric Project is a proposal by the Idaho Power Company to develop hydroelectricity near Bliss, Idaho, by building a dam on the Snake River (fig. 1). The proposed dam would impound a narrow reservoir as deep as 85 feet in a free-flowing reach of the river that extends from the upper reach of water impounded by the Bliss Dam to the foot of the Lower Salmon Falls Dam, nearly 8 miles farther upstream. The proposed dam would be built in three sections: a spillway section and a powerhouse (intake) section to be constructed of concrete in the right-handed part, and an embankment section to be constructed as a zoned-fill of selected earth materials in the left-hand part. (Right and left are to be understood in the sense of looking downstream.) In August, 1979, the Idaho Power Company was granted a 3-year permit (Project No. 2845) by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) to make site investigations and environmental studies in the project area. A year later, on August 26, 1980, the company applied to FERC for a license to construct the project. On October 8, 1980, as explained in a letter by William W. Lindsay, Director of the Office of Electric Power Regulation, the company was given 90 days to correct certain deficiencies in the application. Because several of the deficiencies identified by Mr. Lindsay pertain to geologic aspects of the project, his letter is attached to this report as Appendix A. Hereafter in this report, the deficiencies listed by Mr. Lindsay are identified by the numerical entries in his letter. The Idaho Power Company is referred to as the applicant.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81569","usgsCitation":"Malde, H.E., 1981, Geologic factors pertinent to the proposed A. J. Wiley Hydroelectric Project No. 2845, Bliss, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-569, v, 75 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81569.","productDescription":"v, 75 p.","numberOfPages":"80","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":142591,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0569/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37993,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0569/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","city":"Bliss","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.958664,42.919657 ], [ -114.958664,42.931423 ], [ -114.93494,42.931423 ], [ -114.93494,42.919657 ], [ -114.958664,42.919657 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a61f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Malde, Harold E.","contributorId":45706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malde","given":"Harold","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":38158,"text":"ofr8173 - 1981 - Effects of residential wastewater treatment systems on ground-water quality in west-central Jefferson County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-25T08:25:17","indexId":"ofr8173","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-73","title":"Effects of residential wastewater treatment systems on ground-water quality in west-central Jefferson County, Colorado","docAbstract":"The use of residential wastewater-treatment systems in Evergreen Meadows, Marshdale, and Herzman Mesa, Colo., has degraded ground-water quality to some extent in each community. Age of community; average lot size; slope of land surface; composition, permeability, and thickness of surficial material; density, size , and orientation of fractures; maintenance of wastewater-treatment systems; and presence of animals are factors possibly contributing to the degradation of ground-water quality. When compared with effluent from aeration-treatment tanks, effluent fom septic-treatment tanks is characterized by greater biochemical oxygen demand and greater concentrations of detergents. When compared with effluent from septic-treatment tanks, effluent from aeration-treatment tanks is characterized by greater concentrations of dissolved oxygen, nitrite, nitrate, sulfate, and dissolved solids. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr8173","usgsCitation":"Hall, D.C., Hillier, D.E., Nickum, E., and Dorrance, W., 1981, Effects of residential wastewater treatment systems on ground-water quality in west-central Jefferson County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-73, v, 116 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8173.","productDescription":"v, 116 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":165691,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0073/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":64464,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0073/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":284494,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1073/plate-1.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5701e4b0b290850f73d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, Dennis C.","contributorId":95473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hillier, D. E.","contributorId":78386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hillier","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nickum, Edward","contributorId":27119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nickum","given":"Edward","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dorrance, W.G.","contributorId":59499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorrance","given":"W.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":48681,"text":"ofr81211 - 1981 - Potentiometric surface of the Floridan aquifer in the Suwannee River Water Management District, north Florida, May 1980","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:44","indexId":"ofr81211","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-211","title":"Potentiometric surface of the Floridan aquifer in the Suwannee River Water Management District, north Florida, May 1980","docAbstract":"A May 1980 potentiometric surface map of the Suwannee River Water Management District area, Florida, depicts water levels in wells tapping the Floridan aquifer. Compared to the May 1976 potentiometric map of the area, there are no significant differences in the general appearance of the contours. Water levels, however, are generally about 10 feet higher than in 1976 along the Suwannee River and for some 20 miles west of the river and in Gilchrist and Levy Counties to the east. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr81211","usgsCitation":"Rosenau, J., and Milner, R., 1981, Potentiometric surface of the Floridan aquifer in the Suwannee River Water Management District, north Florida, May 1980: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-211, col. map 56 x 66 cm. fold. in envelope 31 x 23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81211.","productDescription":"col. map 56 x 66 cm. fold. in envelope 31 x 23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":171484,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db682ed2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenau, J.C.","contributorId":99192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenau","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":238014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Milner, R.S.","contributorId":75614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milner","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":238013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":11504,"text":"ofr801287 - 1981 - Water resources of Cold Spring Valley, a growing urban area northwest of Reno, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:41","indexId":"ofr801287","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-1287","title":"Water resources of Cold Spring Valley, a growing urban area northwest of Reno, Nevada","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr801287","usgsCitation":"Van Denburgh, A.S., and Katzer, T.L., 1981, Water resources of Cold Spring Valley, a growing urban area northwest of Reno, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-1287, vii, 85 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr801287.","productDescription":"vii, 85 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":145738,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/1287/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":39369,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/1287/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f0824","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Denburgh, A. S.","contributorId":23928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Denburgh","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Katzer, T. L.","contributorId":15211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katzer","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":47135,"text":"ofr811054 - 1981 - Flood of May 5 and 6, 1981, Mobile, Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:55","indexId":"ofr811054","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-1054","title":"Flood of May 5 and 6, 1981, Mobile, Alabama","docAbstract":"Heavy and intense rainfall in the late evening and early morning hours, May 5 and 6, 1981, caused widespread flooding along streams and low-lying areas in the port city of Mobile, Ala. More than 12 inches of rain fell between 6 p.m. May 5, and 3 a.m. May 6. Damage caused by flooding was estimated by the Mobile Department of Public Works to be millions of dollars. Maximum water surface elevations on streams in the area were 2 to 3 feet higher than those that occurred during a similar flood in April 1980. The approximate extent of flooding delineated on maps using flood profiles obtained by field surveys will provide a basis for formulating effective flood plain zoning that could minimize existing and future flood problems. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr811054","usgsCitation":"Ming, C.O., and Nelson, G.H., 1981, Flood of May 5 and 6, 1981, Mobile, Alabama: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-1054, 3 maps and 2 data sheets ;103 x 82 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr811054.","productDescription":"3 maps and 2 data sheets ;103 x 82 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":169275,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":84145,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1054/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":84146,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1054/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":84147,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1054/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":84148,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1054/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d9e4b07f02db5dfa71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ming, C. O.","contributorId":9266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ming","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":234687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, G. H.","contributorId":48186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":234688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28270,"text":"wri8085 - 1981 - Water resources of Upper Separation Creek Basin, south-central Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:53","indexId":"wri8085","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-85","title":"Water resources of Upper Separation Creek Basin, south-central Wyoming","docAbstract":"Expected development of coal in the 85-square-mile upper Separation Creek basin of south-central Wyoming will greatly increase the demands on water resources. Flows in Separation Creek are seasonal and highly variable. Streamflow is primarily caused by snowmelt. Very light snowpack in the spring of 1977 resulted in annual runoff being only 10 percent of that for the previous year. Surface-water quality is variable in both time and space. Dissolved-solids concentrations ranged from less than 100 to more than 1,500 milligrams per liter. Flushing of accumulated salts occurs during a rising stage. Ground water is obtainable from the Mesaverde Formation, the Lance and Fort Union Formations, and from alluvium. Yields from wells and springs are usually less than 10 gallons per minute, though some springs flow as much as 35 gallons per minute. Ground-water quality varies with the formation. Stream biota are governed by the intermittent nature of the stream and by habitat. Daily mean sediment concentrations ranged from 34 to 11,900 milligrams per liter. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division,","doi":"10.3133/wri8085","usgsCitation":"Larson, L.R., and Zimmerman, E.A., 1981, Water resources of Upper Separation Creek Basin, south-central Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 80-85, v, 69 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8085.","productDescription":"v, 69 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123464,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/0085/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57092,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/0085/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f077f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larson, L. R.","contributorId":41421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zimmerman, Everett Alfred","contributorId":18729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Everett","email":"","middleInitial":"Alfred","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":56875,"text":"wdrTN811 - 1981 - Water resources data for Tennessee, water year 1981","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-01T13:32:03.302215","indexId":"wdrTN811","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"TN-81-1","title":"Water resources data for Tennessee, water year 1981","docAbstract":"Water resources data for the 1981 water year for Tennessee consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams and springs; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality of wells. This report contains discharge records for 114 gaging stations; stage only records for one lake gaging station; elevation and contents for 27 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 73 stations and 45 wells; and water levels for 30 observation wells. Also included are 127 crest-stage partial-record stations, 77 low-flow partial-record stations, and 81 coal-hydrology partial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various stream and spring sites not involved in the systematic data collection program and are published as miscellaneous measurements and analyses, or as seepage investigations of discharge and water quality. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Tennessee.
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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f7e4b07f02db5f22b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":532962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":10169,"text":"ofr81462 - 1981 - Catalog of earthquakes along the San Andreas fault system in central California, July-September 1977","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-20T16:42:12.238161","indexId":"ofr81462","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-462","title":"Catalog of earthquakes along the San Andreas fault system in central California, July-September 1977","docAbstract":"Numerous small earthquakes occur each day in the Coast Ranges of central California. The detailed study of these earthquakes provides a tool for gaining insight into the tectonic and physical processes responsible for the generation of damaging earthquakes. This catalog contains the fundamental parameters for earthquakes located within and adjacent to the seismograph network operated by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), during the third quarter of 1977.
The motivation for these detailed studies has been described by Pakiser and others (1969) and by Eaton and others (1970). Similar catalogs of earthquakes for the years 1969, 1970, and 1971 have been prepared by Lee and others (1972b, c and d). Catalogs for the first, second, third, and fourth quarters of 1972 and the first, second, third and fourth quarters of 1973 have been prepared by Wesson and others (1972a, b, 1973b, and 1974a and b), by Bufe and others (1975), and by Lester and others (1976a and b). Catalogs for the years 1974, 1975 and 1976 and the first quarter of 1977 have been prepared by Lester and Meagher (1978), by McHugh and Lester (1978 and 1979) and by Marks and Lester (1980a and 1980b). The basic data contained in these catalogs provide a foundation for further studies.
This catalog contains data on 855 earthquakes in central California. Arrival times at 205 seismograph stations were used to locate the earthquakes listed in this catalog. Of these 193 were telemetered stations operated by USGS. Readings from the remaining 12 stations were obtained through the courtesy of the Seismographic Stations, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, University of California, Berkeley (UCB), and the California Department of Water Resources, Sacramento.
The Seismographic Station of the University of California, Berkeley, has for many years published a bulletin describing earthquakes in northern California and the surrounding area and listing readings at UCB stations from more distant events. The purpose of the present catalog is not to replace the UCB Bulletin, but rather to supplement it, by describing the seismicity of a portion of central California in much greater detail.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81462","usgsCitation":"Marks, S., and Fluty, L., 1981, Catalog of earthquakes along the San Andreas fault system in central California, July-September 1977: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-462, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81462.","productDescription":"43 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144266,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0462/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":405084,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0462/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"central California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.77246093750001,\n 34.288991865037524\n ],\n [\n -117.6416015625,\n 34.288991865037524\n ],\n [\n -117.6416015625,\n 38.565347844885466\n ],\n [\n -121.77246093750001,\n 38.565347844885466\n ],\n [\n -121.77246093750001,\n 34.288991865037524\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f3e4b07f02db5efa6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marks, S.M.","contributorId":33687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marks","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fluty, L.","contributorId":8097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fluty","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":10024,"text":"ofr81534 - 1981 - Selected hydrogeologic data from the Northern Great Plains area of Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:31","indexId":"ofr81534","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-534","title":"Selected hydrogeologic data from the Northern Great Plains area of Montana","docAbstract":"Selected hydrologic data have been used in a 4-year study of aquifers of Cenozoic and Mesozoic age in the northern Great Plains to define the hydrologic system and to generate hydrologic maps. Records of 6,754 wells and 188 springs are tabulated in the report. The well data include site location, county, date completed, depth of well, casing diameter, type of lift, use of water, principal aquifer, altitude of land surface, water level, discharge, specific capacity, specific conductance, and water temperature. The spring data include site location, county, use of water, principal aquifer, altitude of land surface, type of spring, discharge, date discharge measured, specific conductance, and water temperature. Locations of the wells and springs are shown on a map at a scale of 1:1,000,000. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81534","usgsCitation":"Levings, G., 1981, Selected hydrogeologic data from the Northern Great Plains area of Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-534, iii, 244 p., 1 over-size sheet ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81534.","productDescription":"iii, 244 p., 1 over-size sheet ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143878,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0534/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37863,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0534/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":37864,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0534/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f93cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Levings, Gary W.","contributorId":106889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levings","given":"Gary W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":10485,"text":"ofr81644 - 1981 - Selected biological characteristics of streams in the southeastern Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-09T20:13:12.230065","indexId":"ofr81644","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-644","title":"Selected biological characteristics of streams in the southeastern Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado","docAbstract":"Biological sampling was carried out during 1976-78 in five streams in the southeastern Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado, in order to provide baseline water-quality data for an area of potential oil-shale development. The biological activity in the streams sampled generally is limited by physical factors more so than by chemical constituents and plant nutrients. Characteristics of streamflow, such as high turbidity, fluctuating water levels, and moderate to high salinity, limit production of flora and fauna biomass.
Samples were collected for the determination of bacterial and periphyton concentrations and benthic-invertebrate communities. Bacterial concentrations were generally small, with some fecal contamination, primarily from livestock and wildlife. Members of the order Chlorophyta (green algae) were the major periphytic algae present in three of the streams sampled. Bitter Creek was dominated by members of the order Cyanphyta (blue-green algae), and pennate diatoms were the predominant algae in Willow Creek. The benthic-invertebrate communities generally reflect a nonpolluted environment. Shannon-Weiner diversity indices ranged from 1.14 to 3.08.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81644","usgsCitation":"Naten, R.W., and Fuller, R.H., 1981, Selected biological characteristics of streams in the southeastern Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-644, iv, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81644.","productDescription":"iv, 27 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143894,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0644/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":425541,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0644/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Utah","otherGeospatial":"southeastern Uinta Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.36159250817046,\n 40.37509813483038\n ],\n [\n -110.36159250817046,\n 39.7904165885285\n ],\n [\n -108.9790264886742,\n 39.7904165885285\n ],\n [\n -108.9790264886742,\n 40.37509813483038\n ],\n [\n -110.36159250817046,\n 40.37509813483038\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65de83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Naten, Ronald W.","contributorId":83535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naten","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuller, Richard H.","contributorId":66236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":10023,"text":"ofr81326 - 1981 - Selected drill-stem-test data from the Northern Great Plains area of Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:31","indexId":"ofr81326","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-326","title":"Selected drill-stem-test data from the Northern Great Plains area of Montana","docAbstract":"Selected drill-stem-test data were collected for use in the hydrologic analysis of aquifers in the northern Great Plains area of Montana. To supplement existing data defining the potentiometric surface of various aquifers, shut-in pressures recorded during drill-stem tests of oil and gas test wells were used to calculate the altitude of the potentiometric surface. The transmissivity of the aquifers also was calculated if sufficient data existed. Records for 627 drill-stem tests from 523 wells are tabulated in this report. Data include well location, well name, formation tested, well epth, tested interval, date tested, test number, flow period, transmissivity, shut-in pressure, and altitude of water surface. Locations of the wells are shown on a map at a scale of 1:1,000,000. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81326","usgsCitation":"Levings, G., 1981, Selected drill-stem-test data from the Northern Great Plains area of Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-326, iii, 23 p., 1 over-size sheet; 26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81326.","productDescription":"iii, 23 p., 1 over-size sheet; 26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143857,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0326/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37861,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0326/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":37862,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0326/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa5c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Levings, Gary W.","contributorId":106889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levings","given":"Gary W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":38605,"text":"pp1225 - 1981 - Petrogenetic modeling of a potential uranium source rock, Granite Mountains, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:17","indexId":"pp1225","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1225","title":"Petrogenetic modeling of a potential uranium source rock, Granite Mountains, Wyoming","docAbstract":"Previous studies of the granite of Lankin Dome have led to the conclusion that this granite was a source for the sandstone-type uranium deposits in the basins that surround the Granite Mountains, Wyo. Q-mode factor analysis of 29 samples of this granite shows that five bulk compositions are required to explain the observed variances of 33 constituents in these samples. Models presented in this paper show that the origin of the granite can be accounted for by the mixing of a starting liquid with two ranges of solid compositions such that all five compositions are granitic. \r\n\r\nThere are several features of the granite of Lankin Dome that suggest derivation by partial melting and, because the proposed source region was inhomogeneous, that more than one of the five end members may have been a liquid. Data for the granite are compatible with derivation from rocks similar to those of the metamorphic complex that the granite intrudes. Evidence for crustal derivation by partial melting includes a strongly peraluminous nature, extremely high differentiation indices, high contents of incompatible elements, generally large negative Eu anomalies, and high initial lead and strontium isotopic ratios. If the granite of Lankin Dome originated by partial melting of a heterogeneous metamorphic complex, the initial magma could reasonably have been composed of a range of granitic liquids. \r\n\r\nFive variables were not well accounted for by a five-end-member model. Water, CO 2 , and U0 2 contents and the oxidation state of iron are all subject to variations caused by near-surface processes. The Q-mode factor analysis suggests that these four variables have a distribution determined by postmagmatic processes. The reason for failure of Cs0 2 to vary systematically with the other 33 variables is not known. Other granites that have lost large amounts of uranium possibly can be identified by Q-mode factor analysis.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp1225","usgsCitation":"Stuckless, J., and Miesch, A., 1981, Petrogenetic modeling of a potential uranium source rock, Granite Mountains, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1225, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1225.","productDescription":"34 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":170415,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1225/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":65424,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1225/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db649ee2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stuckless, J. S.","contributorId":6060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuckless","given":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miesch, A.T.","contributorId":88726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miesch","given":"A.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":22420,"text":"ofr80440 - 1981 - An analysis of reservoir storage contents for the proposed enlargement of Bumping Lake in Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-01T19:18:12.157561","indexId":"ofr80440","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-440","title":"An analysis of reservoir storage contents for the proposed enlargement of Bumping Lake in Washington","docAbstract":"Monthend contents of the proposed Bumping Lake enlargement in Washington were determined for the period 1917-73 by using the historic streamflow record as a basis for inflow to the reservoir and imposing certain operational requirements on reservoir releases. The operational requirements used were those set forth in the Environmental Statement that was prepared for the project by the U.S. Water and Power Resources Service (formerly the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation). The computations show that after starting with an empty reservoir on October 1, 1917, the 458,000 acre-feet capacity of the enlarged lake could be nearly full (384,000 acre-feet) on November 30, 1925, which is the starting scenario given in the Environmental Statement. From 1925 to 1973 the computations compare favorably with those shown in the Environmental Statement, with minor differences due to releases of fish enhancement water. In all cases studied, all fishwater requirements and all existing irrigation requirements were met, and generally from 30,000 to 90,000 acre-feet of extra irrigation water could be available in most years.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr80440","usgsCitation":"Bartells, J.H., 1981, An analysis of reservoir storage contents for the proposed enlargement of Bumping Lake in Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-440, iv, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr80440.","productDescription":"iv, 10 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156437,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0440/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":404591,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0440/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Bumping Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.37317657470702,\n 46.83858897709042\n ],\n [\n -121.2945556640625,\n 46.83858897709042\n ],\n [\n -121.2945556640625,\n 46.874978704351086\n ],\n [\n -121.37317657470702,\n 46.874978704351086\n ],\n [\n -121.37317657470702,\n 46.83858897709042\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db68596c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartells, John H.","contributorId":54240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartells","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":10089,"text":"ofr81142 - 1981 - Radionuclide concentrations in streams in the upper Blackfoot River basin, southeastern Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-21T13:28:00","indexId":"ofr81142","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-142","title":"Radionuclide concentrations in streams in the upper Blackfoot River basin, southeastern Idaho","docAbstract":"Data on radionuclide concentrations in water and sediment material in the phosphate-mining area of the upper Blackfoot River basin were collected from May to October 1979. Maximum measured uranium and radium-226 concentrations dissolved in water were 3.7 micrograms per liter and 1.8 picocuries per liter , respectively. Maximum measured uranium and radium-226 concentrations in stream-bottom material were 5.5 micrograms per gram and 1.8 picocuries per gram, respectively. Maximum measured uranium and radium-226 concentrations on bottom material were 9.9 micrograms per gram and 3.9 picocuries per gram, respectively, in sediment-retention ponds, and 17 micrograms per gram and 3.5 picocuries per gram, respectively, in a mine pit. Maximum observed radon-222 concentration was 120 picocuries per liter in surface water and averaged 550 picocuries per liter at Formation Springs (site 10). All radionuclide concentrations were within existing State and Federal water-quality standards. Radionuclide concentrations were not significantly increased downstream from active mining sites. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81142","usgsCitation":"Low, W.H., 1981, Radionuclide concentrations in streams in the upper Blackfoot River basin, southeastern Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-142, Report: v, 17 p.; 1 Plate: 16.02 X 17.36 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81142.","productDescription":"Report: v, 17 p.; 1 Plate: 16.02 X 17.36 inches","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":143976,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0142/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37941,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0142/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":37942,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0142/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Blackfoot River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.9883,42.6156 ], [ -112.9883,43.6065 ], [ -111.5604,43.6065 ], [ -111.5604,42.6156 ], [ -112.9883,42.6156 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649b25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Low, Walton H.","contributorId":92672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Low","given":"Walton","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":10038,"text":"ofr81689 - 1981 - Plan of study for the regional aquifer-system analysis of the Snake River plain, Idaho and eastern Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:35","indexId":"ofr81689","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-689","title":"Plan of study for the regional aquifer-system analysis of the Snake River plain, Idaho and eastern Oregon","docAbstract":"The 15,600-square-mile Snake River Plain is largely in southern Idaho and includes one of the Nation 's major regional aquifers. A comprehensive investigation of the area 's ground-water resources will be made as part of the U.S. Geological Survey 's Regional Aquifer-System Analysis (RASA) program. Basaltic and sedimentary rocks in the Snake River Plain yield large quantities of water that are vital to the area 's agricultural economy. Basaltic rocks predominate in the eastern Snake River Plain and have especially high water-yielding capabilities. Surface water, largely from the Snake River, is extensively used for irrigation and is a major source of recharge to the ground-water system. Springs issuing from basaltic rocks that form the Snake River Canyon wall near Twin Falls are the major points of ground-water discharge. Increased use of ground water for irrigation is causing concern as to the effect of large-scale withdrawals on spring flow. Ground-water flow models will be used to improve understanding of the hydrologic system, and, if feasible, to aid in evaluating management alternatives. Ground-water quality will be defined and geochemical techniques used to determine the effects of water-rock reactions on water quality. Several reports are planned on different phases of the project, concluding with a summary report. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81689","usgsCitation":"Lindholm, G.F., 1981, Plan of study for the regional aquifer-system analysis of the Snake River plain, Idaho and eastern Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-689, 23 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81689.","productDescription":"23 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144871,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0689/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37886,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0689/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db668077","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindholm, Gerald F.","contributorId":18374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindholm","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":11397,"text":"ofr811119 - 1981 - Evaluation of major dike-impounded ground-water reservoirs, Island of Oahu, with a section on flow hydraulics in dike tunnels in Hawaii","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":11397,"text":"ofr811119 - 1981 - Evaluation of major dike-impounded ground-water reservoirs, Island of Oahu, with a section on flow hydraulics in dike tunnels in Hawaii","indexId":"ofr811119","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"title":"Evaluation of major dike-impounded ground-water reservoirs, Island of Oahu, with a section on flow hydraulics in dike tunnels in Hawaii"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2788,"text":"wsp2217 - 1985 - Evaluation of major dike-impounded ground-water reservoirs, Island of Oahu","indexId":"wsp2217","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"title":"Evaluation of major dike-impounded ground-water reservoirs, Island of Oahu"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":2788,"text":"wsp2217 - 1985 - Evaluation of major dike-impounded ground-water reservoirs, Island of Oahu","indexId":"wsp2217","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"title":"Evaluation of major dike-impounded ground-water reservoirs, Island of Oahu"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-31T19:13:36.651229","indexId":"ofr811119","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-1119","title":"Evaluation of major dike-impounded ground-water reservoirs, Island of Oahu, with a section on flow hydraulics in dike tunnels in Hawaii","docAbstract":"Ground-water reservoirs impounded by volcanic dikes receive a substantial part of the total recharge to ground water on the island of Oahu because they generally underlie the rainiest areas. They accumulate the infiltration from rainfall, store it temporarily, and steadily leak it to abutting basal reservoirs or to streams cutting into them. The dike reservoirs have high hydraulic heads and are mostly isolated from saline water.
The most important and productive of the dike-impounded reservoirs occur in an area of about 135 square miles in the main fissure zone of the Koolau volcano where the top of the dike-impounded water reaches an altitude of at least 1,000 feet. Water is impounded and stored both above and below sea level. The water stored above sea level in the area of about 135 square miles has been roughly estimated at 560 billion gallons by using a mean water level of 400 feet and a mean specific yield of 0.05. In comparison, the water stored above sea level in reservoirs with a mean water level of 300 feet and mean specific yield of 0.03 underlying a dike-intruded area of about 53 square miles in the Waianae Range has been roughly estimated at 100 billion gallons. Storage below sea level is indeterminable, owing to uncertainties in the ability of the rock to store water resulting from increasing dike density and decreasing porosity.
Total leakage from storage in the WaLanae Range has not been estimated because underflow is difficult to determine. Much of the surface leakage, about 4 Mgal/d in the upper parts of Waianae, Makaha, and Lualualei Valleys, has been diverted by tunnels. Hence, supplies available, other than surface leakage, cannot be estimated from the discharge end of the hydrologic cycle. Infiltration in the Waianae Range to dike-intruded reservoirs in the upper part of the valleys on the west (leeward) side has been estimated at about 20 Mgal/d, and on the east (windward) side, at about 10 Mgal/d. The available supply has been estimated at about 15 Mgal/d from the infiltration on the leeward side, of which about 4 Mgal/d is now being developed. No estimate has been made for the available supply on the windward side. Dike-intruded reservoirs at shallow depths west (lee side) of the crest are in upper Makaha, Waianae, and Lualualei Valleys. They are at moderate depths in upper Haleanu and in lower Kaukonahua Gulches on the east (windward) side.
Flow hydraulics in dike tunnels is also discussed.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr811119","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Board of Water Supply, City and County of Honolulu, Hawaii","usgsCitation":"Takasaki, K.J., and Mink, J., 1981, Evaluation of major dike-impounded ground-water reservoirs, Island of Oahu, with a section on flow hydraulics in dike tunnels in Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-1119, Report: xi, 139 p.; 4 Plates: 24.35 x 19.31 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr811119.","productDescription":"Report: xi, 139 p.; 4 Plates: 24.35 x 19.31 inches or 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