No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Encyclopedia of environmental ethics and philosophy","language":"English","publisher":"Gale Cengage","isbn":"9780028661377","usgsCitation":"Nordstrom, D.K., 2008, Mining II: Acid mine drainage, chap. of Encyclopedia of environmental ethics and philosophy, v. 2, p. 61-63.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"63","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356765,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98bd92e4b0702d0e845766","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":743491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70200494,"text":"70200494 - 2008 - N-15 NMR study of the immobilization of 2,4- and 2,6-dinitrotoluene in aerobic compost","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T07:47:23","indexId":"70200494","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T07:38:09","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"N-15 NMR study of the immobilization of 2,4- and 2,6-dinitrotoluene in aerobic compost","docAbstract":"Large-scale aerobic windrow composting has been used to bioremediate washout lagoon soils contaminated with the explosives TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene) and RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine) at several sites within the United States. We previously used 15N NMR to investigate the reduction and binding of T15NT in aerobic bench -scale reactors simulating the conditions of windrow composting. These studies have been extended to 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4DNT) and 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6DNT), which, as impurities in TNT, are usually present wherever soils have been contaminated with TNT. Liquid-state 15N NMR analyses of laboratory reactions between 4-methyl-3-nitroaniline-15N, the major monoamine reduction product of 2,4DNT, and the Elliot soil humic acid, both in the presence and absence of horseradish peroxidase, indicated that the amine underwent covalent binding with quinone and other carbonyl groups in the soil humic acid to form both heterocyclic and non-heterocyclic condensation products. Liquid-state 15N NMR analyses of the methanol extracts of 20 day aerobic bench-scale composts of 2,4-di-15N-nitrotoluene and 2,6-di-15N-nitrotoluene revealed the presence of nitrite and monoamine, but not diamine, reduction products, indicating the occurrence of both dioxygenase enzyme and reductive degradation pathways. Solid-state CP/MAS 15N NMR analyses of the whole composts, however, suggested that reduction to monoamines followed by covalent binding of the amines to organic matter was the predominant pathway.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es0720659","usgsCitation":"Thorn, K.A., Pennington, J., Kennedy, K.R., Cox, L.G., Hayes, C., and Porter, B., 2008, N-15 NMR study of the immobilization of 2,4- and 2,6-dinitrotoluene in aerobic compost: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 42, no. 7, p. 2542-2550, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0720659.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2542","endPage":"2550","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358594,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-02-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10d476e4b034bf6a7fa246","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thorn, Kevin A. 0000-0003-2236-5193 kathorn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2236-5193","contributorId":3288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorn","given":"Kevin","email":"kathorn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pennington, J.C.","contributorId":105085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pennington","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kennedy, Kay R.","contributorId":76396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Kay","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cox, Larry G. lgcox@usgs.gov","contributorId":3310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Larry","email":"lgcox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":749161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hayes, C.A.","contributorId":50691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Porter, B.E.","contributorId":71405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porter","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70047168,"text":"70047168 - 2008 - Numerical modeling of rainfall thresholds for shallow landsliding in the Seattle, Washington, area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-02T14:04:24","indexId":"70047168","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:15:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3853,"text":"Reviews in Engineering Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Numerical modeling of rainfall thresholds for shallow landsliding in the Seattle, Washington, area","docAbstract":"The temporal forecasting of landslide hazard has typically relied on empirical relations between rainfall characteristics and landslide occurrence to identify conditions that may cause shallow landslides. Here, we describe an alternate, deterministic approach to define rainfall thresholds for landslide occurrence in the Seattle, Washington, area. This approach combines an infinite slope-stability model with a variably saturated flow model to determine the rainfall intensity and duration that leads to shallow failure of hillside colluvium. We examine the influence of variation in particle-size distribution on the unsaturated hydraulic properties of the colluvium by performing capillary-rise tests on glacial outwash sand and three experimental soils with increasing amounts of fine-grained material. Observations of pore-water response to rainfall collected as part of a program to monitor the near-surface hydrology of steep coastal bluffs along Puget Sound were used to test the numerical model results and in an inverse modeling procedure to determine the in situ hydraulic properties. Modeling results are given in terms of a destabilizing rainfall intensity and duration, and comparisons with empirical observations of landslide occurrence and triggering rainfall indicate that the modeling approach may be useful for forecasting landslide occurrence.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/2008.4020(07)","usgsCitation":"Godt, J.W., and McKenna, J., 2008, Numerical modeling of rainfall thresholds for shallow landsliding in the Seattle, Washington, area: Reviews in Engineering Geology, v. 20, p. 121-136, https://doi.org/10.1130/2008.4020(07).","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"121","endPage":"136","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275291,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","city":"Seattle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.71865844726561,\n 47.1813125359862\n ],\n [\n -122.71865844726561,\n 48.04320138974934\n ],\n [\n -121.82464599609375,\n 48.04320138974934\n ],\n [\n -121.82464599609375,\n 47.1813125359862\n ],\n [\n -122.71865844726561,\n 47.1813125359862\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51efa5f4e4b0b09fbe58f1b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Godt, Jonathan W. 0000-0002-8737-2493 jgodt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8737-2493","contributorId":1166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"Jonathan","email":"jgodt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKenna, Jonathan P.","contributorId":6915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenna","given":"Jonathan P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70047167,"text":"70047167 - 2008 - A prototype system for forecasting landslides in the Seattle, Washington, area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-02T14:07:08","indexId":"70047167","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3853,"text":"Reviews in Engineering Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A prototype system for forecasting landslides in the Seattle, Washington, area","docAbstract":"Empirical rainfall thresholds and related information form the basis of a prototype system for forecasting landslides in the Seattle area. The forecasts are tied to four alert levels, and a decision tree guides the use of thresholds to determine the appropriate level. From analysis of historical landslide data, we developed a formula for a cumulative rainfall threshold (CT), P3 = 88.9 − 0.67P15, defined by rainfall amounts in millimeters during consecutive 3 d (72 h) periods, P3, and the 15 d (360 h) period before P3, P15. The variable CT captures more than 90% of historical events of three or more landslides in 1 d and 3 d periods recorded from 1978 to 2003. However, the low probability of landslide occurrence on a day when the CT is exceeded at one or more rain gauges (8.4%) justifies a low-level of alert for possible landslide occurrence, but it does trigger more vigilant monitoring of rainfall and soil wetness. Exceedance of a rainfall intensity-duration threshold I = 82.73D−1.13, for intensity, I (mm/hr), and duration, D (hr), corresponds to a higher probability of landslide occurrence (30%) and forms the basis for issuing warnings of impending, widespread occurrence of landslides. Information about the area of exceedance and soil wetness can be used to increase the certainty of landslide forecasts (probabilities as great as 71%). Automated analysis of real-time rainfall and subsurface water data and digital quantitative precipitation forecasts are needed to fully implement a warning system based on the two thresholds.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/2008.4020(06)","usgsCitation":"Chleborad, A.F., Baum, R.L., Godt, J.W., and Powers, P.S., 2008, A prototype system for forecasting landslides in the Seattle, Washington, area: Reviews in Engineering Geology, v. 20, p. 103-120, https://doi.org/10.1130/2008.4020(06).","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"103","endPage":"120","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275289,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","city":"Seattle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.71865844726561,\n 47.1813125359862\n ],\n [\n -122.71865844726561,\n 48.04320138974934\n ],\n [\n -121.82464599609375,\n 48.04320138974934\n ],\n [\n -121.82464599609375,\n 47.1813125359862\n ],\n [\n -122.71865844726561,\n 47.1813125359862\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51efa5e2e4b0b09fbe58f175","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chleborad, Alan F.","contributorId":87578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chleborad","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baum, Rex L. 0000-0001-5337-1970 baum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5337-1970","contributorId":1288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baum","given":"Rex","email":"baum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Godt, Jonathan W. 0000-0002-8737-2493 jgodt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8737-2493","contributorId":1166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"Jonathan","email":"jgodt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Powers, Philip S.","contributorId":102078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powers","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032052,"text":"70032052 - 2008 - Ground-based thermography of fluvial systems at low and high discharge reveals potential complex thermal heterogeneity driven by flow variation and bioroughness","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T08:07:48","indexId":"70032052","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground-based thermography of fluvial systems at low and high discharge reveals potential complex thermal heterogeneity driven by flow variation and bioroughness","docAbstract":"Temperature is a primary physical and biogeochemical variable in aquatic systems. Field‐based measurement of temperature at discrete sampling points has revealed temperature variability in fluvial systems, but traditional techniques do not readily allow for synoptic sampling schemes that can address temperature‐related questions with broad, yet detailed, coverage. We present results of thermal infrared imaging at different stream discharge (base flow and peak flood) conditions using a handheld IR camera. Remotely sensed temperatures compare well with those measured with a digital thermometer. The thermal images show that periphyton, wood, and sandbars induce significant thermal heterogeneity during low stages. Moreover, the images indicate temperature variability within the periphyton community and within the partially submerged bars. The thermal heterogeneity was diminished during flood inundation, when the areas of more slowly moving water to the side of the stream differed in their temperature. The results have consequences for thermally sensitive hydroecological processes and implications for models of those processes, especially those that assume an effective stream temperature. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solar radiation data are critically important for the estimation of evapotranspiration. Analysis of visible-channel data derived from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) using radiative transfer modeling has been used to produce spatially- and temporally-distributed datasets of solar radiation. An extensive network of (pyranometer) surface measurements of solar radiation in the State of Florida has allowed refined calibration of a GOES-derived daily integrated radiation data product. This refinement of radiation data allowed for corrections of satellite sensor drift, satellite generational change, and consideration of the highly-variable cloudy conditions that are typical of Florida. To aid in calibration of a GOES-derived radiation product, solar radiation data for the period 1995–2004 from 58 field stations that are located throughout the State were compiled. The GOES radiation product was calibrated by way of a three-step process: 1) comparison with ground-based pyranometer measurements on clear reference days, 2) correcting for a bias related to cloud cover, and 3) deriving month-by-month bias correction factors. Pre-calibration results indicated good model performance, with a station-averaged model error of 2.2 MJ m–2 day–1 (13 percent). Calibration reduced errors to 1.7 MJ m–2 day–1 (10 percent) and also removed time- and cloudiness-related biases. The final dataset has been used to produce Statewide evapotranspiration estimates.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2008: Ahupua'A","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"2008 World Environmental and Water Resources Congress","conferenceDate":"May 12-16, 2008","conferenceLocation":"Honolulu, Hawaii","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/40976(316)95","usgsCitation":"Sumner, D.M., Pathak, C.S., Mecikalski, J.R., Paech, S.J., Wu, Q., and Sangoyomi, T., 2008, Calibration of GOES-derived solar radiation data using a distributed network of surface measurements in Florida, USA, in World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2008: Ahupua'A, Honolulu, Hawaii, May 12-16, 2008, p. 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1061/40976(316)95.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-004316","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287843,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.57202148437499,\n 31.024694128525137\n ],\n [\n -84.979248046875,\n 31.024694128525137\n ],\n [\n -84.825439453125,\n 30.713503990354965\n ],\n [\n -82.2216796875,\n 30.590637026892917\n ],\n [\n -82.1337890625,\n 30.41078179084589\n ],\n [\n -82.06787109374999,\n 30.826780904779774\n ],\n [\n -81.925048828125,\n 30.86451022625836\n ],\n [\n -81.63940429687499,\n 30.741835717889792\n ],\n [\n -81.49658203125,\n 30.619004797647808\n ],\n [\n -80.52978515625,\n 28.478348692223165\n ],\n [\n -80.584716796875,\n 28.130127737874005\n ],\n [\n -80.035400390625,\n 26.89267909590814\n ],\n [\n -80.123291015625,\n 25.522614647623293\n ],\n [\n -80.8154296875,\n 24.637031353509528\n ],\n [\n -83.16650390625,\n 24.507143283102856\n ],\n [\n -82.90283203125,\n 24.886436490787688\n ],\n [\n -80.826416015625,\n 25.12539261151203\n ],\n [\n -81.134033203125,\n 25.145284610685064\n ],\n [\n -81.2109375,\n 25.224820176765036\n ],\n [\n -81.309814453125,\n 25.69103802005013\n ],\n [\n -81.771240234375,\n 25.859223554761407\n ],\n [\n -81.925048828125,\n 26.401710528707707\n ],\n [\n -82.2216796875,\n 26.41155054662258\n ],\n [\n -82.935791015625,\n 27.916766641249065\n ],\n [\n -82.716064453125,\n 28.83504997263515\n ],\n [\n -82.935791015625,\n 29.0945770775118\n ],\n [\n -83.08959960937499,\n 29.0945770775118\n ],\n [\n -83.441162109375,\n 29.506549442788618\n ],\n [\n -83.529052734375,\n 29.640320395351402\n ],\n [\n -84.04541015625,\n 30.059585699708215\n ],\n [\n -84.935302734375,\n 29.621221113784504\n ],\n [\n -85.23193359375,\n 29.554345125748267\n ],\n [\n -85.462646484375,\n 29.6594160549124\n ],\n [\n -85.74829101562499,\n 30.0405664305846\n ],\n [\n -86.407470703125,\n 30.240086360983426\n ],\n [\n -87.451171875,\n 30.287531589298727\n ],\n [\n -87.550048828125,\n 30.619004797647808\n ],\n [\n -87.703857421875,\n 30.883369321692268\n ],\n [\n -87.57202148437499,\n 31.024694128525137\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"538856e8e4b0318b93124a58","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Babcock, Roger W. Jr.","contributorId":113551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Babcock","given":"Roger","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509404,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walton, Raymond","contributorId":111681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walton","given":"Raymond","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509403,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Sumner, David M. 0000-0002-2144-9304 dmsumner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2144-9304","contributorId":1362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sumner","given":"David","email":"dmsumner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":270,"text":"FLWSC-Tampa","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pathak, Chandra S.","contributorId":84507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pathak","given":"Chandra","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mecikalski, John R.","contributorId":70689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mecikalski","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paech, Simon J.","contributorId":11512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paech","given":"Simon","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wu, Qinglong","contributorId":63950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"Qinglong","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sangoyomi, Taiye","contributorId":33626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sangoyomi","given":"Taiye","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70047169,"text":"70047169 - 2008 - Modeling rainfall conditions for shallow landsliding in Seattle, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-02T14:02:39","indexId":"70047169","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3853,"text":"Reviews in Engineering Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling rainfall conditions for shallow landsliding in Seattle, Washington","docAbstract":"We describe the results from an application of a distributed, transient infiltration–slope-stability model for an 18 km2 area of southwestern Seattle, Washington, USA. The model (TRIGRS) combines an infinite slope-stability calculation and an analytic, one-dimensional solution for pore-pressure diffusion in a soil layer of finite depth in response to time-varying rainfall. The transient solution for pore-pressure response can be superposed on any steady-state groundwater-flow field that is consistent with model assumptions. Applied over digital topography, the model computes a factor of safety for each grid cell at any time during a rainstorm. Input variables may vary from cell to cell, and the rainfall rate can vary in both space and time. For Seattle, topographic slope derived from an airborne laser swath mapping (ALSM)–based 3 m digital elevation model (DEM), maps of soil and water-table depths derived from geotechnical borings, and hourly rainfall intensities were used as model inputs. Material strength and hydraulic properties used in the model were determined from field and laboratory measurements, and a tension-saturated initial condition was assumed. Results are given in terms of a destabilizing intensity and duration of rainfall, and they were evaluated by comparing the locations of 212 historical landslides with the area mapped as potentially unstable. Because the equations of groundwater flow are explicitly solved with respect to time, the results from TRIGRS simulations can be portrayed quantitatively to assess the potential landslide hazard based on rainfall conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2008.4020(08)","usgsCitation":"Godt, J.W., Schulz, W.H., Baum, R.L., and Savage, W.Z., 2008, Modeling rainfall conditions for shallow landsliding in Seattle, Washington: Reviews in Engineering Geology, v. 20, p. 137-152, https://doi.org/10.1130/2008.4020(08).","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"137","endPage":"152","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275293,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","city":"Seattle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.71865844726561,\n 47.1813125359862\n ],\n [\n -122.71865844726561,\n 48.04320138974934\n ],\n [\n -121.82464599609375,\n 48.04320138974934\n ],\n [\n -121.82464599609375,\n 47.1813125359862\n ],\n [\n -122.71865844726561,\n 47.1813125359862\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51efa5f3e4b0b09fbe58f1a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Godt, Jonathan W. 0000-0002-8737-2493 jgodt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8737-2493","contributorId":1166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"Jonathan","email":"jgodt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schulz, William H.","contributorId":91927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baum, Rex L. 0000-0001-5337-1970 baum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5337-1970","contributorId":1288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baum","given":"Rex","email":"baum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Savage, William Z.","contributorId":107686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70047166,"text":"70047166 - 2008 - Assessing deep-seated landslide susceptibility using 3-D groundwater and slope-stability analyses, southwestern Seattle, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-02T14:10:58","indexId":"70047166","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3853,"text":"Reviews in Engineering Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing deep-seated landslide susceptibility using 3-D groundwater and slope-stability analyses, southwestern Seattle, Washington","docAbstract":"In Seattle, Washington, deep-seated landslides on bluffs along Puget Sound have historically caused extensive damage to land and structures. These large failures are controlled by three-dimensional (3-D) variations in strength and pore-water pressures. We assess the slope stability of part of southwestern Seattle using a 3-D limit-equilibrium analysis coupled with a 3-D groundwater flow model. Our analyses use a high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM) combined with assignment of strength and hydraulic properties based on geologic units. The hydrogeology of the Seattle area consists of a layer of permeable glacial outwash sand that overlies less permeable glacial lacustrine silty clay. Using a 3-D groundwater model, MODFLOW-2000, we simulate a water table above the less permeable units and calibrate the model to observed conditions. The simulated pore-pressure distribution is then used in a 3-D slope-stability analysis, SCOOPS, to quantify the stability of the coastal bluffs. For wet winter conditions, our analyses predict that the least stable areas are steep hillslopes above Puget Sound, where pore pressures are elevated in the outwash sand. Groundwater flow converges in coastal reentrants, resulting in elevated pore pressures and destabilization of slopes. Regions predicted to be least stable include the areas in or adjacent to three mapped historically active deep-seated landslides. The results of our 3-D analyses differ significantly from a slope map or results from one-dimensional (1-D) analyses.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/2008.4020(05)","usgsCitation":"Brien, D.L., and Reid, M.E., 2008, Assessing deep-seated landslide susceptibility using 3-D groundwater and slope-stability analyses, southwestern Seattle, Washington: Reviews in Engineering Geology, v. 20, p. 83-101, https://doi.org/10.1130/2008.4020(05).","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"101","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":275287,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","city":"Seattle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.8534,47.25 ], [ -122.8534,47.9774 ], [ -121.7923,47.9774 ], [ -121.7923,47.25 ], [ -122.8534,47.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51efa5f0e4b0b09fbe58f180","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brien, Dianne L. dbrien@usgs.gov","contributorId":3296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brien","given":"Dianne","email":"dbrien@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":363,"text":"Landslide Hazards Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reid, Mark E. 0000-0002-5595-1503 mreid@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5595-1503","contributorId":1167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"Mark","email":"mreid@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031764,"text":"70031764 - 2008 - Fluctuating Arctic Sea ice thickness changes estimated by an in situ learned and empirically forced neural network model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-06T11:50:20","indexId":"70031764","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2216,"text":"Journal of Climate","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluctuating Arctic Sea ice thickness changes estimated by an in situ learned and empirically forced neural network model","docAbstract":"Sea ice thickness (SIT) is a key parameter of scientific interest because understanding the natural spatiotemporal variability of ice thickness is critical for improving global climate models. In this paper, changes in Arctic SIT during 1982-2003 are examined using a neural network (NN) algorithm trained with in situ submarine ice draft and surface drilling data. For each month of the study period, the NN individually estimated SIT of each ice-covered pixel (25-km resolution) based on seven geophysical parameters (four shortwave and longwave radiative fluxes, surface air temperature, ice drift velocity, and ice divergence/convergence) that were cumulatively summed at each monthly position along the pixel's previous 3-yr drift track (or less if the ice was <3 yr old). Average January SIT increased during 1982-88 in most regions of the Arctic (+7.6 ?? 0.9 cm yr-1), decreased through 1996 Arctic-wide (-6.1 ?? 1.2 cm yr-1), then modestly increased through 2003 mostly in the central Arctic (+2.1 ?? 0.6 cm yr-1). Net ice volume change in the Arctic Ocean from 1982 to 2003 was negligible, indicating that cumulative ice growth had largely replaced the estimated 45 000 km3 of ice lost by cumulative export. Above 65??N, total annual ice volume and interannual volume changes were correlated with the Arctic Oscillation (AO) at decadal and annual time scales, respectively. Late-summer ice thickness and total volume varied proportionally until the mid-1990s, but volume did not increase commensurate with the thickening during 1996-2002. The authors speculate that decoupling of the ice thickness-volume relationship resulted from two opposing mechanisms with different latitudinal expressions: a recent quasi-decadal shift in atmospheric circulation patterns associated with the AO's neutral state facilitated ice thickening at high latitudes while anomalously warm thermal forcing thinned and melted the ice cap at its periphery. ?? 2008 American Meteorological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Climate","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1175/2007JCLI1787.1","issn":"08948755","usgsCitation":"Belchansky, G., Douglas, D., and Platonov, N.G., 2008, Fluctuating Arctic Sea ice thickness changes estimated by an in situ learned and empirically forced neural network model: Journal of Climate, v. 21, no. 4, p. 716-729, https://doi.org/10.1175/2007JCLI1787.1.","startPage":"716","endPage":"729","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476796,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/2007jcli1787.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240052,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212551,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007JCLI1787.1"}],"volume":"21","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-02-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1264e4b0c8380cd542af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belchansky, G. I.","contributorId":24301,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belchansky","given":"G. I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":150115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David C.","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":433023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Platonov, Nikita G.","contributorId":8791,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Platonov","given":"Nikita","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031959,"text":"70031959 - 2008 - In situ Raman spectroscopic investigation of the structure of subduction-zone fluids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70031959","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In situ Raman spectroscopic investigation of the structure of subduction-zone fluids","docAbstract":"In situ Raman spectra of synthetic subduction-zone fluids (KAlSi3O8-H2O system) were measured to 900?? and 2.3 GPa using a hydrothermal diamond-anvil cell. The structures of aqueous fluid and hydrous melt become closer when conditions approach the second critical endpoint. Almost no three-dimensional network was observed in the supercritical fluid above 2 GPa although a large amount of silicate component is dissolved, suggesting that the physical and chemical properties of these phases change drastically at around the second critical endpoint. Our experimental results indicate that the fluids released from a subducting slab change from aqueous fluid to supercritical fluid with increasing depth under the volcanic arcs. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2007JB005179","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Mibe, K., Chou, I., and Bassett, W.A., 2008, In situ Raman spectroscopic investigation of the structure of subduction-zone fluids: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 113, no. 4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JB005179.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476818,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007jb005179","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":214844,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007JB005179"},{"id":242596,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-04-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3995e4b0c8380cd61986","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mibe, Kenji","contributorId":85781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mibe","given":"Kenji","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chou, I.-M. 0000-0001-5233-6479","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5233-6479","contributorId":44283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"I.-M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":433887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bassett, William A.","contributorId":47533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bassett","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70179562,"text":"70179562 - 2008 - When desert tortoises are rare: Testing a new protocol for assessing status","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-04T13:48:51","indexId":"70179562","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1153,"text":"California Fish and Game","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"When desert tortoises are rare: Testing a new protocol for assessing status","docAbstract":"We developed and tested a new protocol for sampling populations of the desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizii, a state- and federally listed species, in areas where population densities are very low, historical data are sparse, and anthropogenic uses may threaten the well-being of tortoise populations and habitat. We conducted a 3-year (2002–2004) survey in Jawbone-Butterbredt Area of Critical Environmental Concern and Red Rock Canyon State Park in the western Mojave Desert of California where the status was previously unknown. We stratified the study area and used 751, 1-ha plots to evaluate 187.7 km2 of habitat, a 4% sample. Tortoise sign was found on 31 of the 751 plots (4.1%) in two limited areas: ~14 km2 on the Kiavah Apron and ~40 km2 in the Red Rock Canyon watershed.
","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Keith, K., Berry, K.H., and Weigand, J.F., 2008, When desert tortoises are rare: Testing a new protocol for assessing status: California Fish and Game, v. 94, no. 2, p. 75-97.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"97","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332891,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":332890,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=47396"}],"volume":"94","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"586e1831e4b0f5ce109fcb25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keith, Kevin","contributorId":178000,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keith","given":"Kevin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berry, Kristin H. 0000-0003-1591-8394 kristin_berry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1591-8394","contributorId":437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"Kristin","email":"kristin_berry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weigand, James F.","contributorId":145871,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weigand","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":16275,"text":"BLM, Sacramento, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":657748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70179563,"text":"70179563 - 2008 - Status of the desert tortoise in Red Rock Canyon State Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-04T13:51:36","indexId":"70179563","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1153,"text":"California Fish and Game","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Status of the desert tortoise in Red Rock Canyon State Park","docAbstract":"We surveyed for desert tortoises, Gopherus agassizii, in the western part of Red Rock Canyon State Park and watershed in eastern Kern County, California, between 2002 and 2004. We used two techniques: a single demographic plot (~4 km2 ) and 37 landscape plots (1-ha each). We estimated population densities of tortoises to be between 2.7 and 3.57/km2 and the population in the Park to be 108 tortoises. We estimated the death rate at 67% for subadults and adults during the last 4 yrs. Mortality was high for several reasons: gunshot deaths, avian predation, mammalian predation, and probably disease. Historic and recent anthropogenic impacts from State Highway 14, secondary roads, trash, cross-country vehicle tracks, and livestock have contributed to elevated death rates and degradation of habitat. We propose conservation actions to reduce mortality.
","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Berry, K.H., Keith, K., and Bailey, T.Y., 2008, Status of the desert tortoise in Red Rock Canyon State Park: California Fish and Game, v. 94, no. 2, p. 98-118.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"98","endPage":"118","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332893,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":332892,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=47398"}],"volume":"94","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"586e1830e4b0f5ce109fcb23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berry, Kristin H. 0000-0003-1591-8394 kristin_berry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1591-8394","contributorId":437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"Kristin","email":"kristin_berry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keith, Kevin","contributorId":178000,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keith","given":"Kevin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bailey, Tracy Y.","contributorId":139383,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bailey","given":"Tracy","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":12758,"text":"independent, 619 Pinon Court, Ridgecrest, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":657751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70179566,"text":"70179566 - 2008 - Cassin’s Auklet (Ptychoramphus aleuticus) ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-04T14:06:18","indexId":"70179566","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Cassin’s Auklet (Ptychoramphus aleuticus) ","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"California Bird Species of Special Concern 2006: A ranked assessment of species, subspecies, and distinct populations of birds of immediate conservation concern in California; Studies of Western Birds no. 1","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Western Field Ornithologists","usgsCitation":"Adams, J., 2008, Cassin’s Auklet (Ptychoramphus aleuticus) , chap. of California Bird Species of Special Concern 2006: A ranked assessment of species, subspecies, and distinct populations of birds of immediate conservation concern in California; Studies of Western Birds no. 1, p. 205-212.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"205","endPage":"212","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332897,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":332896,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=10403&inline","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"586e1830e4b0f5ce109fcb1f","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Shuford, W. David","contributorId":171821,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shuford","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657762,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gardali, Thomas","contributorId":10356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardali","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657763,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Adams, Josh 0000-0003-3056-925X josh_adams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3056-925X","contributorId":2422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Josh","email":"josh_adams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70180280,"text":"70180280 - 2008 - Biological and societal dimensions of lead poisoning in birds in the USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-23T13:36:52","indexId":"70180280","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Biological and societal dimensions of lead poisoning in birds in the USA","docAbstract":"The ingestion of spent lead shot was known to cause mortality in wild waterfowl in the US a century before the implementation of nontoxic shot regulations began in 1972. The biological foundation for this transition was strongly supported by both field observations and structured scientific investigations. Despite the overwhelming evidence, various societal factors forestalled the full transition to nontoxic shot for waterfowl hunting until 1991. Now, nearly 20 years later, these same factors weigh heavily in current debates about nontoxic shot requirements for hunting other game birds, requiring nontoxic bullets for big game hunting in California Condor range and for restricting the use of small lead sinkers and jig heads for sport-fishing. As with waterfowl, a strong science-based foundation is requisite for further transitions to nontoxic ammunition and fishing weights. Our experiences have taught us that the societal aspects of this transition are as important as the biological components and must be adequately addressed before alternatives to toxic lead ammunition, fishing weights, and other materials will be accepted as an investment in wildlife conservation.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ingestion of lead from spent ammunition: Implications for wildlife and humans: May 2008 Proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Ingestion of lead from spent ammunition: Implications for wildlife and humans","conferenceDate":"May 12-15 2008","conferenceLocation":"Boise, Idaho","language":"English","publisher":"The Peregrine Fund","doi":"10.4080/ilsa.2009.0104","usgsCitation":"Friend, M., Franson, J.C., and Anderson, W.L., 2008, Biological and societal dimensions of lead poisoning in birds in the USA, chap. of Ingestion of lead from spent ammunition: Implications for wildlife and humans: May 2008 Proceedings, p. 34-60, https://doi.org/10.4080/ilsa.2009.0104.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"34","endPage":"60","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488550,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4080/ilsa.2009.0104","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":334079,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"588b1977e4b0ad67323f97ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friend, Milton 0000-0002-2882-3629","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2882-3629","contributorId":31332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friend","given":"Milton","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Franson, J. Christian 0000-0002-0251-4238 jfranson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-4238","contributorId":177499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franson","given":"J.","email":"jfranson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Christian","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, William L.","contributorId":178803,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":27529,"text":"Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, Il","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":661062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70035578,"text":"70035578 - 2008 - Fifteen woody species with potential for invasiveness in New England","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:49","indexId":"70035578","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3297,"text":"Rhodora","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fifteen woody species with potential for invasiveness in New England","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Rhodora","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3119/07-30.1","issn":"00354902","usgsCitation":"Martine, C., Leicht-Young, S., Herron, P., and Latimer, A., 2008, Fifteen woody species with potential for invasiveness in New England: Rhodora, v. 110, no. 943, p. 345-353, https://doi.org/10.3119/07-30.1.","startPage":"345","endPage":"353","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244259,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216394,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3119/07-30.1"}],"volume":"110","issue":"943","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ff2e4b0c8380cd53a96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martine, C.T.","contributorId":20542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martine","given":"C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leicht-Young, S.","contributorId":86592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leicht-Young","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Herron, P.","contributorId":43198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herron","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Latimer, A.","contributorId":12292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Latimer","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70035624,"text":"70035624 - 2008 - The 2005 catastrophic acid crater lake drainage, lahar, and acidic aerosol formation at Mount Chiginagak volcano, Alaska, USA: Field observations and preliminary water and vegetation chemistry results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-03T10:55:42","indexId":"70035624","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 2005 catastrophic acid crater lake drainage, lahar, and acidic aerosol formation at Mount Chiginagak volcano, Alaska, USA: Field observations and preliminary water and vegetation chemistry results","docAbstract":"A mass of snow and ice 400-m-wide and 105-m-thick began melting in the summit crater of Mount Chiginagak volcano sometime between November 2004 and early May 2005, presumably owing to increased heat flux from the hydrothermal system, or possibly from magma intrusion and degassing. In early May 2005, an estimated 3.8??106 m3 of sulfurous, clay-rich debris and acidic water, with an accompanying acidic aerosol component, exited the crater through a tunnel at the base of a glacier that breaches the south crater rim. Over 27 km downstream, the acidic waters of the flood inundated an important salmon spawning drainage, acidifying Mother Goose Lake from surface to depth (approximately 0.5 km3 in volume at a pH of 2.9 to 3.1), killing all aquatic life, and preventing the annual salmon run. Over 2 months later, crater lake water sampled 8 km downstream of the outlet after considerable dilution from glacial meltwater was a weak sulfuric acid solution (pH = 3.2, SO4 = 504 mg/L, Cl = 53.6 mg/L, and F = 7.92 mg/L). The acid flood waters caused severe vegetation damage, including plant death and leaf kill along the flood path. The crater lake drainage was accompanied by an ambioructic flow of acidic aerosols that followed the flood path, contributing to defoliation and necrotic leaf damage to vegetation in a 29 km2 area along and above affected streams, in areas to heights of over 150 m above stream level. Moss species killed in the event contained high levels of sulfur, indicating extremely elevated atmospheric sulfurcontent. The most abundant airborne phytotoxic constituent was likely sulfuric acid aerosols that were generated during the catastrophic partial crater lake drainage event. Two mechanisms of acidic aerosol formation are proposed: (1) generation of aerosol mist through turbulent flow of acidic water and (2) catastrophic gas exsolution. This previously undocumented phenomenon of simultaneous vegetationdamaging acidic aerosols accompanying drainage of an acidic crater lake has important implications for the study of hazards associated with active volcanic crater lakes. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2007GC001900","issn":"15252027","usgsCitation":"Schaefer, J., Scott, W.E., Evans, W.C., Jorgenson, J., McGimsey, R.G., and Wang, B., 2008, The 2005 catastrophic acid crater lake drainage, lahar, and acidic aerosol formation at Mount Chiginagak volcano, Alaska, USA: Field observations and preliminary water and vegetation chemistry results: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 9, no. 7, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GC001900.","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476797,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007gc001900","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243912,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216070,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007GC001900"}],"volume":"9","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-07-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba648e4b08c986b321005","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schaefer, J.R.","contributorId":48785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaefer","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, W. E.","contributorId":22773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evans, William C.","contributorId":104903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jorgenson, J.","contributorId":75780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jorgenson","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McGimsey, R. G.","contributorId":93921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGimsey","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wang, B.","contributorId":29011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70035375,"text":"70035375 - 2008 - Late Neogene marine incursions and the ancestral Gulf of California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:55","indexId":"70035375","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Late Neogene marine incursions and the ancestral Gulf of California","docAbstract":"The late Neogene section in the Salton Trough, California, and along the lower Colorado River in Arizona is composed of marine units bracketed by nonmarine units. Microfossils from the marine deposits indicate that a marine incursion inundated the Salton Trough during the late Miocene. Water depths increased rapidly in the Miocene and eventually flooded the region now occupied by the Colorado River as far north as Parker, Arizona. Marine conditions were restricted in the Pliocene as the Colorado River filled the Salton Trough with sediments and the Gulf of California assumed its present configuration. Microfossils from the early part of this incursion include a diverse assemblage of benthic foraminifers (Amphistegina gibbosa, Uvigerina peregrina, Cassidulina delicata, and Bolivina interjuncta), planktic foraminifers (Globigerinoides obliquus, G. extremus, and Globigerina nepenthes), and calcareous nannoplankton (Discoaster brouweri, Discoaster aff. Discoaster surculus, Sphenolithus abies, and S. neoabies), whereas microfossils in the final phase contain a less diverse assemblage of benthic foraminifers that are diagnostic of marginal shallow-marine conditions (Ammonia, Elphidium, Bolivina, Cibicides, and Quinqueloculina). Evidence of an earlier middle Miocene marine incursion comes from reworked microfossils found near Split Mountain Gorge in the Fish Creek Gypsum (Sphenolithus moriformis) and near San Gorgonio Pass (Cyclicargolithus floridanus and Sphenolithus heteromorphus and planktic foraminifers). The middle Miocene incursion may also be represented by the older marine sedimentary rocks encountered in the subsurface near Yuma, Arizona, where rare middle Miocene planktic foraminifers are found. ?? 2008 The Geological Society of America.","largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2008.2439(16)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"McDougall, K., 2008, Late Neogene marine incursions and the ancestral Gulf of California, in Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 439, p. 355-373, https://doi.org/10.1130/2008.2439(16).","startPage":"355","endPage":"373","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215345,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2008.2439(16)"},{"id":243140,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"439","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a44fae4b0c8380cd66f38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McDougall, K.","contributorId":106260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDougall","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70032194,"text":"70032194 - 2008 - Methane-producing microbial community in a coal bed of the Illinois Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:29","indexId":"70032194","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methane-producing microbial community in a coal bed of the Illinois Basin","docAbstract":"A series of molecular and geochemical studies were performed to study microbial, coal bed methane formation in the eastern Illinois Basin. Results suggest that organic matter is biodegraded to simple molecules, such as H 2 and CO2, which fuel methanogenesis and the generation of large coal bed methane reserves. Small-subunit rRNA analysis of both the in situ microbial community and highly purified, methanogenic enrichments indicated that Methanocorpusculum is the dominant genus. Additionally, we characterized this methanogenic microorganism using scanning electron microscopy and distribution of intact polar cell membrane lipids. Phylogenetic studies of coal water samples helped us develop a model of methanogenic biodegradation of macromolecular coal and coal-derived oil by a complex microbial community. Based on enrichments, phylogenetic analyses, and calculated free energies at in situ subsurface conditions for relevant metabolisms (H2-utilizing methanogenesis, acetoclastic methanogenesis, and homoacetogenesis), H 2-utilizing methanogenesis appears to be the dominant terminal process of biodegradation of coal organic matter at this location. Copyright ?? 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1128/AEM.02341-07","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Strapoc, D., Picardal, F., Turich, C., Schaperdoth, I., Macalady, J.L., Lipp, J., Lin, Y., Ertefai, T., Schubotz, F., Hinrichs, K., Mastalerz, M., and Schimmelmann, A., 2008, Methane-producing microbial community in a coal bed of the Illinois Basin: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 74, no. 8, p. 2424-2432, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02341-07.","startPage":"2424","endPage":"2432","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476629,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2293134","text":"External Repository"},{"id":214857,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02341-07"},{"id":242610,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"74","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a553fe4b0c8380cd6d17b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Strapoc, D.","contributorId":42693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strapoc","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Picardal, F.W.","contributorId":60462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Picardal","given":"F.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Turich, C.","contributorId":106723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turich","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schaperdoth, I.","contributorId":15847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaperdoth","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Macalady, J. L.","contributorId":95600,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Macalady","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lipp, J.S.","contributorId":37556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipp","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lin, Y.-S.","contributorId":17057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lin","given":"Y.-S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ertefai, T.F.","contributorId":38376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ertefai","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Schubotz, F.","contributorId":19386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schubotz","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Hinrichs, K.-U.","contributorId":24186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinrichs","given":"K.-U.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Mastalerz, Maria","contributorId":78065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastalerz","given":"Maria","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Schimmelmann, A.","contributorId":28348,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schimmelmann","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70032195,"text":"70032195 - 2008 - Talc friction in the temperature range 25°–400 °C: relevance for fault-zone weakening","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-06T09:12:23","indexId":"70032195","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Talc friction in the temperature range 25°–400 °C: relevance for fault-zone weakening","docAbstract":"Talc is one of the weakest minerals that is associated with fault zones. Triaxial friction experiments conducted on water-saturated talc gouge at room temperature yield values of the coefficient of friction, μ(shear stress, τ/effective normal stress, σ′N) in the range 0.16–0.23, and μ increases with increasing σ′N. Talc gouge heated to temperatures of 100°–400 °C is consistently weaker than at room temperature, andμ < 0.1 at slow strain rates in some heated experiments. Talc also is characterized by inherently stable, velocity-strengthening behavior (strength increases with increasing shear rate) at all conditions tested. The low strength of talc is a consequence of its layered crystal structure and, in particular, its very weak interlayer bond. Its hydrophobic character may be responsible for the relatively small increase in μ with increasing σ′N at room temperature compared to other sheet silicates.
\nTalc has a temperature–pressure range of stability that extends from surficial to eclogite-facies conditions, making it of potential significance in a variety of faulting environments. Talc has been identified in exhumed subduction zone thrusts, in fault gouge collected from oceanic transform and detachment faults associated with rift systems, and recently in serpentinite from the central creeping section of the San Andreas fault. Typically, talc crystallized in the active fault zones as a result of the reaction of ultramafic rocks with silica-saturated hydrothermal fluids. This mode of formation of talc is a prime example of a fault-zone weakening process. Because of its velocity-strengthening behavior, talc may play a role in stabilizing slip at depth in subduction zones and in the creeping faults of central and northern California that are associated with ophiolitic rocks.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2007.11.039","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Moore, D., and Lockner, D.A., 2008, Talc friction in the temperature range 25°–400 °C: relevance for fault-zone weakening: Tectonophysics, v. 449, no. 1-4, p. 120-132, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2007.11.039.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"120","endPage":"132","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242611,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214858,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2007.11.039"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Andreas fault","volume":"449","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba3c0e4b08c986b31fe80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, Diane E. 0000-0002-8641-1075","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8641-1075","contributorId":106496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Diane E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lockner, David A. 0000-0001-8630-6833 dlockner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8630-6833","contributorId":567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockner","given":"David","email":"dlockner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":434988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70035436,"text":"70035436 - 2008 - Late pleistocene aggradation and degradation of the lower colorado river: Perspectives from the Cottonwood area and other reconnaissance below Boulder Canyon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:55","indexId":"70035436","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Late pleistocene aggradation and degradation of the lower colorado river: Perspectives from the Cottonwood area and other reconnaissance below Boulder Canyon","docAbstract":"Where the lower Colorado River traverses the Basin and Range Province below the Grand Canyon, significant late Pleistocene aggradation and subsequent degrada tion of the river are indicated by luminescence, paleomagnetic, and U-series data and stratigraphy. Aggradational, finely bedded reddish mud, clay, and silt are underlain and overlain by cross-bedded to plane-bedded fine sand and silt. That sequence is commonly disconformably overlain by up to 15 m of coarse sand, rounded exotic gravel, and angular, locally derived gravel. Luminescence dates on the fine sediments range from ca. 40 ka to 70 ka, considering collective uncertainties. A section of fine grained sediments over a vertical range of 15 m shows normal polarity magnetization and little apparent secular variation beyond dispersion that can be explained by com paction. Aggradation on large local tributaries such as Las Vegas Wash appears to have been coeval with that of the Colorado River. The upper limits of erosional rem nants of the sequence define a steeper grade above the historical river, and these late Pleistocene deposits are greater than 100 m above the modern river north of 35??N. Ter race gravels inset below the upper limit of the aggradational sequence yield 230Th dates that range from ca. 32 ka to 60 ka and indicate that degradation of the river system in this area closely followed aggradation. The thick sequence of rhythmically bedded mud and silt possibly indicates set tings that were ponded laterally between valley slopes and levees of the aggrading river. Potential driving mechanisms for such aggradation and degradation include sediment-yield response to climate change, drought, fire, vegetation-ecosystem dynam ics, glaciation, paleofloods, groundwater discharge, and building and destruction of natural dams produced by volcanism and landslides. ?? 2008 The Geological Society of America.","largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2008.2439(19)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Lundstrom, S., Mahan, S., Paces, J., Hudson, M., House, P., Malmon, D., Blair, J., and Howard, K.A., 2008, Late pleistocene aggradation and degradation of the lower colorado river: Perspectives from the Cottonwood area and other reconnaissance below Boulder Canyon, in Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 439, p. 411-432, https://doi.org/10.1130/2008.2439(19).","startPage":"411","endPage":"432","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243244,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215437,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2008.2439(19)"}],"issue":"439","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4550e4b0c8380cd671ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lundstrom, S.C.","contributorId":53410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lundstrom","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mahan, S. A. 0000-0001-5214-7774","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":94333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"S. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paces, J.B. 0000-0002-9809-8493","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-8493","contributorId":27482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paces","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hudson, M.R.","contributorId":68317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"House, P.K.","contributorId":25755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"House","given":"P.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Malmon, D.V.","contributorId":22960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malmon","given":"D.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Blair, J.L.","contributorId":55857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blair","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Howard, K. A.","contributorId":48938,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Howard","given":"K.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70035594,"text":"70035594 - 2008 - Reconstructing late Pliocene to middle Pleistocene Death Valley lakes and river systems as a test of pupfish (Cyprinodontidae) dispersal hypotheses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:51","indexId":"70035594","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Reconstructing late Pliocene to middle Pleistocene Death Valley lakes and river systems as a test of pupfish (Cyprinodontidae) dispersal hypotheses","docAbstract":"During glacial (pluvial) climatic periods, Death Valley is hypothesized to have episodically been the terminus for the Amargosa, Owens, and Mojave Rivers. Geological and biological studies have tended to support this hypothesis and a hydrological link that included the Colorado River, allowing dispersal of pupfish throughout southeastern California and western Nevada. Recent mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (mtDNA) studies show a common pupfish (Cyprinodontidae) ancestry in this region with divergence beginning 3-2 Ma. We present tephrochronologic and paleomagnetic data in the context of testing the paleohydrologic connections with respect to the common collection point of the Amargosa, Owens, and Mojave Rivers in Death during successive time periods: (1) the late Pliocene to early Pleistocene (3-2 Ma), (2) early to middle Pleistocene (1.2-0.5 Ma), and (3) middle to late Pleistocene (<0.70.03 Ma; paleolakes Manly and Mojave). Using the 3.35 Ma Zabriskie Wash tuff and 3.28 Ma Nomlaki Tuff Member of the Tuscan and Tehama Formations, which are prominent marker beds in the region, we conclude that at 3-2 Ma, a narrow lake occupied the ancient Furnace Creek Basin and that Death Valley was not hydrologically connected with the Amargosa or Mojave Rivers. A paucity of data for Panamint Valley does not allow us to evaluate an Owens River connection to Death Valley ca. 3-2 Ma. Studies by others have shown that Death Valley was not hydrologically linked to the Amargosa, Owens, or Mojave Rivers from 1.2 to 0.5 Ma. We found no evidence that Lake Manly flooded back up the Mojave River to pluvial Lake Mojave between 0.18 and 0.12 Ma, although surface water flowed from the Amargosa and Owens Rivers to Death Valley at this time. There is also no evidence for a connection of the Owens, Amargosa, or Mojave Rivers to the Colorado River in the last 3-2 m.y. Therefore, the hypothesis that pupfish dispersed or were isolated in basins throughout southeastern California and western Nevada by such a connection is not supported. Beyond the biologically predicted time frame, however, sparse and disputed data suggest that a fluvial system connected Panamint (Owens River), Death, and Amargosa Valleys, which could account for the dispersal and isolation before 3 Ma. ?? 2008 The Geological Society of America.","largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2008.2439(01)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Knott, J., Machette, M.N., Klinger, R., Sarna-Wojcicki, A., Liddicoat, J.C., Tinsley, J.C., David, B., and Ebbs, V., 2008, Reconstructing late Pliocene to middle Pleistocene Death Valley lakes and river systems as a test of pupfish (Cyprinodontidae) dispersal hypotheses, in Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 439, p. 1-26, https://doi.org/10.1130/2008.2439(01).","startPage":"1","endPage":"26","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216128,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2008.2439(01)"},{"id":243975,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"439","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a250e4b0e8fec6cdb56f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knott, J.R.","contributorId":26847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knott","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Machette, M. N.","contributorId":19561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Machette","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klinger, R.E.","contributorId":13807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klinger","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sarna-Wojcicki, A.M. 0000-0002-0244-9149","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0244-9149","contributorId":104022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sarna-Wojcicki","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Liddicoat, J. C.","contributorId":76781,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liddicoat","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tinsley, J. C. III","contributorId":39777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tinsley","given":"J.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"David, B.T.","contributorId":54428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"David","given":"B.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ebbs, V.M.","contributorId":15859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebbs","given":"V.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70176439,"text":"70176439 - 2008 - Development of a model to assess ground-water availability in California's Central Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-14T11:46:43","indexId":"70176439","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3720,"text":"Water Resources Impact","printIssn":"1522-3175","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of a model to assess ground-water availability in California's Central Valley","docAbstract":"No abstract available.