{"pageNumber":"2178","pageRowStart":"54425","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184582,"records":[{"id":70009712,"text":"70009712 - 2008 - Agriculture-related trends in groundwater quality of the glacial deposits aquifer, central Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:24","indexId":"70009712","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Agriculture-related trends in groundwater quality of the glacial deposits aquifer, central Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Measuring and understanding trends in groundwater quality is necessary for determining whether changes in land-management practices have an effect on groundwater quality. This paper describes an approach that was used to measure and understand trends using data from two groundwater studies conducted in central Wisconsin as part of the USGS NAWQA program. One of the key components of this approach, determining the age of sampled groundwater, gave a temporal component to the snapshots of water quality that were obtained through synoptic-sampling efforts. This approach can be used at other locations where groundwater quality data are collected, groundwater age can be determined, and associated temporal data are available. Results of these studies indicate measured concentrations of nitrate and atrazine plus deethylatrazine were correlated to historical patterns of fertilizer and atrazine use. Concentrations of nitrate in groundwater have increased over time; concentrations of atrazine plus deethylatrazine increased and then decreased. Concentrations of nitrate also were correlated to screen depth below the water level and concentrations of dissolved O2; concentrations of atrazine plus deethylatrazine were correlated to dissolved O2 and annual precipitation. To measure trends in concentrations of atrazine plus deethylatrazine, the data, collected over a near-decadal period, were adjusted to account for changes in laboratory-reporting levels and analytical recoveries. Only after accounting for these changes was it apparent that the median concentrations of atrazine plus deethylatrazine decreased over the near-decadal interval between sampling efforts. Copyright ?? 2008 by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America. All rights reserved.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Quality","language":"English","doi":"10.2134/jeq2007.0053","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Saad, D.A., 2008, Agriculture-related trends in groundwater quality of the glacial deposits aquifer, central Wisconsin, <i>in</i> Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 37, no. SUPPL. 5, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0053.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":204925,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0053"},{"id":219179,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"SUPPL. 5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e915e4b0c8380cd480ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saad, D. A.","contributorId":85212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saad","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70009716,"text":"70009716 - 2008 - Dual-RiverSonde measurements of two-dimensional river flow patterns","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-01T13:34:40","indexId":"70009716","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Dual-RiverSonde measurements of two-dimensional river flow patterns","docAbstract":"Two-dimensional river flow patterns have been measured using a pair of RiverSondes in two experiments in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta system of central California during April and October 2007. An experiment was conducted at Walnut Grove, California in order to explore the use of dual RiverSondes to measure flow patterns at a location which is important in the study of juvenile fish migration. The data available during the first experiment were limited by low wind, so a second experiment was conducted at Threemile Slough where wind conditions and surface turbulence historically have resulted in abundant data. Both experiments included ADCP near-surface velocity measurements from either manned or unmanned boats. Both experiments showed good comparisons between the RiverSonde and ADCP measurements. The flow conditions at both locations are dominated by tidal effects, with partial flow reversal at Walnut Grove and complete flow reversal at Threemile Slough. Both systems showed complex flow patterns during the flow reversals. Quantitative comparisons between the RiverSondes and an ADCP on a manned boat at Walnut Grove showed mean differences of 4.5 cm/s in the u (eastward) and 7.6 cm/s in the v (northward) components, and RMS differences of 14.7 cm/s in the u component and 21.0 cm/s in the v component. Quantitative comparisons between the RiverSondes and ADCPs on autonomous survey vessels at Threemile Slough showed mean differences of 0.007 cm/s in the u component and 0.5 cm/s in the v component, and RMS differences of 7.9 cm/s in the u component and 13.5 cm/s in the v component after obvious outliers were removed. ?? 2008 IEEE.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the IEEE Working Conference on Current Measurement Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"IEEE/OES/CMTC 9th Working Conference on Current Measurement Technology","conferenceDate":"March 17-19, 2008","conferenceLocation":"Charleston, SC","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/CCM.2008.4480877","isbn":"1424414865; 9781424414864","usgsCitation":"Teague, C., Barrick, D., Lilleboe, P., Cheng, R.T., Stumpner, P., and Burau, J.R., 2008, Dual-RiverSonde measurements of two-dimensional river flow patterns, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the IEEE Working Conference on Current Measurement Technology, Charleston, SC, March 17-19, 2008, p. 258-263, https://doi.org/10.1109/CCM.2008.4480877.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"258","endPage":"263","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219263,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":204929,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/CCM.2008.4480877"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0407e4b0c8380cd5074f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Teague, C.C.","contributorId":17758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teague","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barrick, D.E.","contributorId":86483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrick","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lilleboe, P.M.","contributorId":25284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lilleboe","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cheng, Ralph T.","contributorId":69134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheng","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stumpner, Paul 0000-0002-0933-7895 pstump@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0933-7895","contributorId":5667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stumpner","given":"Paul","email":"pstump@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Burau, Jon R. 0000-0002-5196-5035 jrburau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5196-5035","contributorId":1500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burau","given":"Jon","email":"jrburau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70032756,"text":"70032756 - 2008 - Estimating groundwater recharge in Hebei Plain, China under varying land use practices using tritium and bromide tracers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:23","indexId":"70032756","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating groundwater recharge in Hebei Plain, China under varying land use practices using tritium and bromide tracers","docAbstract":"Tritium and bromide were used as applied tracers to determine groundwater recharge in Hebei Plain, North China, to evaluate the impacts of different soil types, land use, irrigation, and crop cultivation practice on recharge. Additional objectives were to evaluate temporal variability of recharge and the effect on results of the particular tracer used. Thirty-nine profiles at representative locations were chosen for investigation. Average recharge rates and recharge coefficient determined by tritium and bromide tracing for different sites were 0.00-1.05 mm/d and 0.0-42.5%, respectively. The results showed relative recharge rates for the following paired influences (items within each pair are listed with the influence producing greater recharge first): flood-irrigated cropland and non-irrigated non-cultivation land, flood irrigation (0.42-0.58 mm/d) and sprinkling irrigation (0.17-0.23 mm/d), no stalk mulch (0.56-0.80 mm/d) and stalk mulch (0.44-0.60 mm/d), vegetable (e.g. Chinese cabbage and garlic, 0.70 mm/d) and wheat-maize (0.38 mm/d), peanut (0.51 mm/d) and peach (0.43 mm/d). The results also showed greater recharge for the first year of tracer travel than for the second. Because total precipitation and irrigation were greater in the first year than in the second, this may reflect temporal variability of recharge. The method may not be applicable where the water table is shallow (less than 3 m). A comparison of the near-ideal tritium tracer with the more common but less ideal bromide showed that bromide moved approximately 23% faster than tritiated water, perhaps because of anion exclusion. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.04.011","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Wang, B., Jin, M., Nimmo, J., Yang, L., and Wang, W., 2008, Estimating groundwater recharge in Hebei Plain, China under varying land use practices using tritium and bromide tracers: Journal of Hydrology, v. 356, no. 1-2, p. 209-222, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.04.011.","startPage":"209","endPage":"222","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213737,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.04.011"},{"id":241394,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"356","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b20e4b0c8380cd525ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, B.","contributorId":29011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jin, M.","contributorId":44745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jin","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nimmo, J. R. 0000-0001-8191-1727","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":58304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yang, L.","contributorId":6200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wang, W.","contributorId":76003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035532,"text":"70035532 - 2008 - Deciphering the mid-Carboniferous eustatic event in the central Appalachian foreland basin, southern West Virginia, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:51","indexId":"70035532","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deciphering the mid-Carboniferous eustatic event in the central Appalachian foreland basin, southern West Virginia, USA","docAbstract":"A prominent unconformity, present across shallow shelf areas of the Euramerican paleoequatorial basins, is used to demark the boundary between the Mississippian and Pennsylvanian subsystems. This unconformity, the mid-Carboniferous eustatic event, is generally attributed to a major glacio-eustatic sea-level fall. Although a Mississippian-Pennsylvanian unconformity is recognized throughout most of the Appalachian region, the record of the mid-Carboniferous eustatic event in the structurally deepest part of the basin has been controversial. Based on early reports that suggested the most complete Pennsylvanian section was present in southern West Virginia, various conceptual depositional models postulated continuous sedimentation between the youngest Mississippian Bluestone Formation and the oldest Penn-sylvanian Pocahontas Formation. In contrast, tabular-erosion models envisioned axial drainage systems that evolved in response to changing basin dynamics. These models predicted a Mississippian-Pennsylvanian unconformity. All these models suffered from a lack of biostratigraphic control. The presence of a sub-Pocahontas paleovalley, herein named the Lashmeet paleovalley, has been confirmed in southern West Virginia. The Lashmeet paleovalley was incised over 35 m into Bluestone strata and filled by lithic sands derived from the Appalachian orogen to the northeast and east. The polygenetic Green Valley paleosol complex marks the Bluestone-Pocahontas contact on associated interfluves. Together, these features indicate a substantial period of subaerial exposure and argue strongly in favor of a Mississippian-Pennsylvanian unconformity. Paleontologic data from the Bluestone Formation, including marine invertebrates and conodonts from the marine Bramwell Member and paleofloral data, support a late, but not latest, Arnsbergian age assignment. Marine fossils are not known from the Pocahontas Formation, but macrofloral and palynomorph taxa support a Langsettian age for most of the Poca-hontas. The biostratigraphic, sedimentologic, and paleogeographic data support the presence of an early Pennsylvanian (middle to late Namurian) disconformity in the Appalachian Basin that corresponds to the mid-Carboniferous eustatic event. ?? 2008 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2008.2441(17)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Blake, B., and Beuthin, J., 2008, Deciphering the mid-Carboniferous eustatic event in the central Appalachian foreland basin, southern West Virginia, USA: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 441, p. 249-260, https://doi.org/10.1130/2008.2441(17).","startPage":"249","endPage":"260","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216211,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2008.2441(17)"},{"id":244065,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"441","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe04e4b0c8380cd4ea8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blake, B.M. Jr.","contributorId":62430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blake","given":"B.M.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beuthin, J.D.","contributorId":43595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beuthin","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70009718,"text":"70009718 - 2008 - Measuring gravity currents in the Chicago River, Chicago, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-28T10:42:37.005014","indexId":"70009718","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Measuring gravity currents in the Chicago River, Chicago, Illinois","docAbstract":"Recent studies of the Chicago River have determined that gravity currents are responsible for persistent bidirectional flows that have been observed in the river. A gravity current is the flow of one fluid within another caused by a density difference between the fluids. These studies demonstrated how acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCP) can be used to detect and characterize gravity currents in the field. In order to better understand the formation and evolution of these gravity currents, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has installed ADCPs and other instruments to continuously measure gravity currents in the Chicago River and the North Branch Chicago River. These instruments include stage sensors, thermistor strings, and both upward-looking and horizontal ADCPs. Data loggers and computers installed at gaging stations along the river are used to collect data from these instruments and transmit them to USGS offices. ?? 2008 IEEE.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the IEEE working conference on current measurement technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"IEEE/OES/CMTC 9th Working Conference on Current Measurement Technology","conferenceDate":"March 17-19, 2008","conferenceLocation":"Charleston, SC","language":"English","doi":"10.1109/CCM.2008.4480878","isbn":"1424414865; 9781424414864","usgsCitation":"Oberg, K.A., Czuba, J.A., and Johnson, K., 2008, Measuring gravity currents in the Chicago River, Chicago, Illinois, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the IEEE working conference on current measurement technology, Charleston, SC, March 17-19, 2008, p. 264-269, https://doi.org/10.1109/CCM.2008.4480878.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"264","endPage":"269","numberOfPages":"6","ipdsId":"IP-004887","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219326,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","city":"Chicago","otherGeospatial":"Chicago River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -88.24218749999999,\n              41.261291493919884\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.6763916015625,\n              41.261291493919884\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.6763916015625,\n              41.94314874732696\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.24218749999999,\n              41.94314874732696\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.24218749999999,\n              41.261291493919884\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5349e4b0c8380cd6c997","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oberg, K. A.","contributorId":67553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oberg","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Czuba, J. A.","contributorId":98036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Czuba","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, K. K.","contributorId":70871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"K. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033602,"text":"70033602 - 2008 - Holocene vegetation and fire regimes in subalpine and mixed conifer forests, southern Rocky Mountains, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-19T17:47:20","indexId":"70033602","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2083,"text":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Holocene vegetation and fire regimes in subalpine and mixed conifer forests, southern Rocky Mountains, USA","docAbstract":"<p>Our understanding of the present forest structure of western North America hinges on our ability to determine antecedent forest conditions. Sedimentary records from lakes and bogs in the southern Rocky Mountains of Colorado and New Mexico provide information on the relationships between climate and vegetation change, and fire history since deglaciation. We present a new pollen record from Hunters Lake (Colorado) as an example of a high-elevation vegetation history from the southern Rockies. We then present a series of six sedimentary records from ???2600 to 3500-m elevation, including sites presently at the alpine?subalpine boundary, within the Picea engelmannii?Abies lasiocarpa forest and within the mixed conifer forest, to determine the history of fire in high-elevation forests there. High Artemisia and low but increasing percentages of Picea and Pinus suggest vegetation prior to 13 500 calendar years before present (cal yr BP) was tundra or steppe, with open spruce woodland to ???11 900 cal yr BP. Subalpine forest (Picea engelmannii, Abies lasiocarpa) existed around the lake for the remainder of the Holocene. At lower elevations, Pinus ponderosa and/or contorta expanded 11 900 to 10 200 cal yr BP; mixed conifer forest expanded ???8600 to 4700 cal yr BP; and Pinus edulis expanded after ???4700 cal yr BP. Sediments from lake sites near the alpine?subalpine transition contained five times less charcoal than those entirely within subalpine forests, and 40 times less than bog sites within mixed conifer forest. Higher fire episode frequencies occurred between ???12 000 and 9000 cal yr BP (associated with the initiation or expansion of south-west monsoon and abundant lightning, and significant biomass during vegetation turnover) and at ???2000?1000 cal yr BP (related to periodic droughts during the long-term trend towards wetter conditions and greater biomass). Fire episode frequencies for subalpine?alpine transition and subalpine sites were on average 5 to 10 fire events/1000 years over the Holocene, corresponding to one fire event every ???100 to 200 years. (5) Our Holocene-length sedimentary charcoal records provide additional evidence for the anomalous nature of the 20th-century fire regime, where fires were largely suppressed as a national policy. ?? IAWF 2008.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","doi":"10.1071/WF07028","usgsCitation":"Anderson, R., Allen, C.D., Toney, J., Jass, R., and Bair, A., 2008, Holocene vegetation and fire regimes in subalpine and mixed conifer forests, southern Rocky Mountains, USA: International Journal of Wildland Fire, v. 17, no. 1, p. 96-114, https://doi.org/10.1071/WF07028.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"96","endPage":"114","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241953,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a31fae4b0c8380cd5e3fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, R. Scott","contributorId":6983,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"R. Scott","affiliations":[{"id":7034,"text":"School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability at Northern Arizona University, in Flagstaff","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":441626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, Craig D. 0000-0002-8777-5989 craig_allen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-5989","contributorId":2597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"craig_allen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":441627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Toney, J.L.","contributorId":57281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toney","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jass, R.B.","contributorId":58111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jass","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bair, A.N.","contributorId":53178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bair","given":"A.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70009720,"text":"70009720 - 2008 - Fate and transport of pesticides in the ground water systems of southwest Georgia, 1993-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:20","indexId":"70009720","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Fate and transport of pesticides in the ground water systems of southwest Georgia, 1993-2005","docAbstract":"Modern agricultural practices in the United States have resulted in nearly unrivaled efficiency and productivity. Unfortunately, there is also the potential for release of these compounds to the environment and consequent adverse affects on wildlife and human populations. Since 1993, the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program of the U.S. Geological Survey has evaluated water quality in agricultural areas to address these concerns. The objective of this study is to evaluate trends in pesticide concentrations from 1993-2005 in the surficial and Upper Floridan aquifers of southwest Georgia using pesticide and pesticide degradate data collected for the NAWQA program. There were six compounds - five herbicides and one degradate - that were detected in more than 20% of samples: atrazine, deethylatrazine (DEA), metolachlor, alachlor, floumeturon, and tebuthiuron. Of the 128 wells sampled during the study, only eight wells had pesticide concentrations that either increased (7) or decreased (1) on a decadal time scale. Most of the significant trends were increasing concentrations of pesticides in older water; median pesticide concentrations did not differ between the surficial and Upper Floridan aquifers from 1993 and 2005. Deethylatrazine, in the Upper Floridan aquifer, was the only compound that had a significant change (increase) in concentration during the study. The limited number of wells with increases in pesticide concentrations suggest that ground-water sources of these compounds are not increasing in concentration over the time scale represented in this study. Copyright ?? 2008 by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America. All rights reserved.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Quality","language":"English","doi":"10.2134/jeq2007.0163","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Dalton, M., and Frick, E.A., 2008, Fate and transport of pesticides in the ground water systems of southwest Georgia, 1993-2005, <i>in</i> Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 37, no. SUPPL. 5, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0163.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":204941,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0163"},{"id":219410,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"SUPPL. 5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f0be4b0c8380cd5372b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dalton, M.S.","contributorId":20464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dalton","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frick, E. A.","contributorId":61840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frick","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70009721,"text":"70009721 - 2008 - Revisiting classic water erosion models in drylands: The strong impact of biological soil crusts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:20","indexId":"70009721","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3416,"text":"Soil Biology and Biochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Revisiting classic water erosion models in drylands: The strong impact of biological soil crusts","docAbstract":"Soil erosion and subsequent degradation has been a contributor to societal collapse in the past and is one of the major expressions of desertification in arid regions. The revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) models soil lost to water erosion as a function of climate erosivity (the degree to which rainfall can result in erosion), topography, soil erodibility, and land use/management. The soil erodibility factor (K) is primarily based upon inherent soil properties (those which change slowly or not at all) such as soil texture and organic matter content, while the cover/management factor (C) is based on several parameters including biological soil crust (BSC) cover. We examined the effect of two more precise indicators of BSC development, chlorophyll a and exopolysaccharides (EPS), upon soil stability, which is closely inversely related to soil loss in an erosion event. To examine the relative influence of these elements of the C factor to the K factor, we conducted our investigation across eight strongly differing soils in the 0.8 million ha Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument. We found that within every soil group, chlorophyll a was a moderate to excellent predictor of soil stability (R2 = 0.21-0.75), and consistently better than EPS. Using a simple structural equation model, we explained over half of the variance in soil stability and determined that the direct effect of chlorophyll a was 3?? more important than soil group in determining soil stability. Our results suggest that, holding the intensity of erosive forces constant, the acceleration or reduction of soil erosion in arid landscapes will primarily be an outcome of management practices. This is because the factor which is most influential to soil erosion, BSC development, is also among the most manageable, implying that water erosion in drylands has a solution. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Soil Biology and Biochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.05.008","issn":"00380717","usgsCitation":"Bowker, M.A., Belnap, J., Chaudhary, B.V., and Johnson, N., 2008, Revisiting classic water erosion models in drylands: The strong impact of biological soil crusts: Soil Biology and Biochemistry, v. 40, no. 9, p. 2309-2316, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.05.008.","startPage":"2309","endPage":"2316","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":204942,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.05.008"},{"id":219411,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aad28e4b0c8380cd86e3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowker, M. A.","contributorId":18901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowker","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belnap, J. 0000-0001-7471-2279","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":23872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chaudhary, Bala V.","contributorId":52718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaudhary","given":"Bala","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, N.C.","contributorId":29567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"N.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70009722,"text":"70009722 - 2008 - The effect of fixative on total length of small-bodied stream fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:19","indexId":"70009722","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2299,"text":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of fixative on total length of small-bodied stream fishes","docAbstract":"Longnose dace (Rhinichthys cataractae), red shiner (Cyprinella lutrensis), and green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus) were fixed in 5% and 10% formalin and 70% and 95% ethyl alcohol to determine fixative effects on total length (TL). Total length reduced over the first 24h for all species (P<0.0001) but then stabilized. Longnose dace and green sunfish TL reduction was less for 5% formalin than for either 70% or 95% ethanol (both P<0.0001), whereas the fixative solution had no effect on red shiner TL (P=0.347). A greater percentage of change in TL was observed in green sunfish and red shiner than in longnose dace, suggesting that body form (compressiform vs. fusiform) may affect shrinkage rate among adult stream fishes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"02705060","usgsCitation":"Brinkley, P., Fischer, J.R., and Paukert, C., 2008, The effect of fixative on total length of small-bodied stream fishes: Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 23, no. 3, p. 471-473.","startPage":"471","endPage":"473","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219485,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab29e4b08c986b322c79","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brinkley, P.D.","contributorId":33840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brinkley","given":"P.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fischer, John R.","contributorId":100326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paukert, C.P.","contributorId":10151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paukert","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70009724,"text":"70009724 - 2008 - Seismic hazard in the Istanbul metropolitan area: A preliminary re-evaluation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-14T12:30:53","indexId":"70009724","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2240,"text":"Journal of Earthquake Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic hazard in the Istanbul metropolitan area: A preliminary re-evaluation","docAbstract":"In 1999, two destructive earthquakes (M7.4 Kocaeli and M7.2 Duzce) occurred in the north west of Turkey and resulted in major stress-drops on the western segment of the North Anatolian Fault system where it continues under the Marmara Sea. These undersea fault segments were recently explored using bathymetric and reflection surveys. These recent findings helped to reshape the seismotectonic environment of the Marmara basin, which is a perplexing tectonic domain. Based on collected new information, seismic hazard of the Marmara region, particularly Istanbul Metropolitan Area and its vicinity, were re-examined using a probabilistic approach. Two seismic source and alternate recurrence models combined with various indigenous and foreign attenuation relationships were adapted within a logic tree formulation to quantify and project the regional exposure on a set of hazard maps. The hazard maps show the peak horizontal ground acceleration and spectral acceleration at 1.0 s. These acceleration levels were computed for 2 and 10 % probabilities of transcendence in 50 years.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Earthquake Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/13632460802013925","issn":"13632469","usgsCitation":"Kalkan, E., Gulkan, P., Ozturk, N., and Çelebi, M., 2008, Seismic hazard in the Istanbul metropolitan area: A preliminary re-evaluation: Journal of Earthquake Engineering, v. 12, no. SUPPL. 2, p. 151-164, https://doi.org/10.1080/13632460802013925.","startPage":"151","endPage":"164","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":490004,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11511/67444","text":"External Repository"},{"id":204946,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13632460802013925"},{"id":267391,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://nsmp.wr.usgs.gov/ekalkan/PDFs/A48_Kalkan_et_al.pdf"},{"id":219487,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"SUPPL. 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b19e4b08c986b3175bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kalkan, E. 0000-0002-9138-9407","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9138-9407","contributorId":8212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalkan","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gulkan, Polat","contributorId":78532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gulkan","given":"Polat","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ozturk, N.Y.","contributorId":57323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ozturk","given":"N.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Çelebi, M.","contributorId":36946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Çelebi","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70009725,"text":"70009725 - 2008 - Deformation and stress-change modeling at Sierra Negra volcano, Galapagos, from ENVISAT INSAR and GPS observations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-20T12:03:58","indexId":"70009725","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Deformation and stress-change modeling at Sierra Negra volcano, Galapagos, from ENVISAT INSAR and GPS observations","docAbstract":"<p><span id=\"ctl00_MainContent_PaperItem_snippet\">We use radar interferograms and GPS observations to constrain models of magma accumulation and faulting at Sierra Negra volcano, Gal&aacute;pagos, during the years before its 2005 eruption. The data have shown ~5 m of pre-eruption uplift and multiple trapdoor faulting events on an intra-caldera fault system. We find the pattern of uplift to be consistent with an inflating sill at 2.2 km depth under the caldera. Our deformation modeling and stress-change calculations suggest that the inflating sill triggered faulting on an inward- dipping thrust fault and that the faulting in turn relieved the pressure within the sill. This sill-fault interaction tends to thicken the sill and limit its lateral extent within the area bounded by the fault.</span></p>","largerWorkTitle":"European Space Agency, (Special Publication) ESA SP","conferenceTitle":"Fringe 2007 Workshop ","conferenceDate":"26 November 2007 through 30 November 2007","conferenceLocation":"Frascati","language":"English","issn":"03796566","usgsCitation":"Jonsson, S., Chadwick, W., Poland, M., and Geist, D., 2008, Deformation and stress-change modeling at Sierra Negra volcano, Galapagos, from ENVISAT INSAR and GPS observations, <i>in</i> European Space Agency, (Special Publication) ESA SP, no. 649 SP, Frascati, 26 November 2007 through 30 November 2007.","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":219564,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"649 SP","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe43e4b0c8380cd4ec18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jonsson, Sigurjon","contributorId":72123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jonsson","given":"Sigurjon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chadwick, W.W.","contributorId":74757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chadwick","given":"W.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poland, Michael 0000-0001-5240-6123","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":49920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Geist, D.","contributorId":29128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geist","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70009727,"text":"70009727 - 2008 - Diverse deformation patterns of Aleutian volcanoes from InSAR","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:19","indexId":"70009727","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Diverse deformation patterns of Aleutian volcanoes from InSAR","docAbstract":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) is capable of measuring ground-surface deformation with centimeter-to-subcentimeter precision at a spatial resolution of tens of meters over an area of hundreds to thousands of square kilometers. With its global coverage and all-weather imaging capability, InSAR has become an increasingly important measurement technique for constraining magma dynamics of volcanoes over remote regions such as the Aleutian Islands. The spatial pattern of surface deformation data derived from InSAR images enables the construction of detailed mechanical models to enhance the study of magmatic processes. This paper summarizes the diverse deformation patterns of the Aleutian volcanoes observed with InSAR and demonstrates that deformation patterns and associated magma supply mechanisms in the Aleutians are diverse and vary between volcanoes. These findings provide a basis for improved models and better understanding of magmatic plumbing systems.","largerWorkTitle":"European Space Agency, (Special Publication) ESA SP","conferenceTitle":"Fringe 2007 Workshop ","conferenceDate":"26 November 2007 through 30 November 2007","conferenceLocation":"Frascati","language":"English","issn":"03796566","usgsCitation":"Lu, Z., Dzurisin, D., Wicks, C., and Power, J., 2008, Diverse deformation patterns of Aleutian volcanoes from InSAR, <i>in</i> European Space Agency, (Special Publication) ESA SP, no. 649 SP, Frascati, 26 November 2007 through 30 November 2007.","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219566,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"649 SP","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a034be4b0c8380cd503ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lu, Z.","contributorId":106241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dzurisin, D.","contributorId":76067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dzurisin","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wicks, C. Jr.","contributorId":87681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wicks","given":"C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Power, J.","contributorId":48699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70009728,"text":"70009728 - 2008 - The Lower Triassic Sorkh Shale Formation of the Tabas Block, east central Iran: Succesion of a failed-rift basin at the Paleotethys margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:17","indexId":"70009728","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1184,"text":"Carbonates and Evaporites","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Lower Triassic Sorkh Shale Formation of the Tabas Block, east central Iran: Succesion of a failed-rift basin at the Paleotethys margin","docAbstract":"The Lower Triassic Sorkh Shale Formation is a dominantly red colored marginal marine succession deposited in the north-south trending Tabas Basin of east central Iran. It is correlated with the unconformity-bounded lower limestone member of the Elika Formation of the Alborz Mountains of northern Iran. The Sorkh Shale is bounded by the pre-Triassic and post-Lower Triassic interregional unconformities and consists mainly of carbonates, sandstones, and evaporites with shale being a minor constituent. Detailed facies analysis of the Sorkh Shale Formation resulted in recognition of several genetically linked peritidal facies that are grouped into restricted subtidal, carbonate tidal flat, siliciclastic tidal flat, coastal plain and continental evaporite facies associations. These were deposited in a low energy, storm-dominated inner-ramp setting with a very gentle slope that fringed the Tabas Block of east central Iran and passed northward (present-day coordinates) into deeper water facies of the Paleotethys passive margin of northern Cimmerian Continent. Numerous carbonate storm beds containing well-rounded intraclasts, ooids and bioclasts of mixed fauna are present in the Sorkh Shale Formation of the northern Tabas Basin. The constituents of the storm beds are absent in the fair weather peritidal facies of the Sorkh Shale Formation, but are present throughout the lower limestone member of the Elika Formation. The Tabas Block, a part of the Cimmerian continent in east central Iran, is a rift basin that developed during Early Ordovician-Silurian Paleotethys rifting. Facies and sequence stratigraphic analyses of the Sorkh Shale Formation has revealed additional evidence supporting the Tabas Block as a failed rift basin related to the Paleotethys passive margin. Absence of constituents of the storm beds in the fair weather peritidal facies of the Sorkh Shale Formation, presence of the constituents of the storm beds in the fair weather facies of the Elika Formation (the Sorkh Shale equivalent in the Alborz Paleotethys margin) and southward paleocurrent directions of carbonate storm beds suggest that the low topographic gradient of the ramp in the Tabas failed rift basin was facing the Paleotethys Ocean, where the storms were generated. In addition, northward paleocurrent directions of the fair weather facies and northward increase in carbonate content of the Sorkh Shale sequence further indicate that the Tabas Basin was tectonically a part of the Paleotethys passive margin. It is apparent that relative sea level, basin geometry and tectonic movements along the bounding faults played significant roles during deposition of the Sorkh Shale Formation by controlling accommodation space and facies variations along the Tabas failed rift basin.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Carbonates and Evaporites","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"08912556","usgsCitation":"Lasemi, Y., Ghomashi, M., Amin-Rasouli, H., and Kheradmand, A., 2008, The Lower Triassic Sorkh Shale Formation of the Tabas Block, east central Iran: Succesion of a failed-rift basin at the Paleotethys margin: Carbonates and Evaporites, v. 23, no. 1, p. 21-38.","startPage":"21","endPage":"38","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219642,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba7c2e4b08c986b3217ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lasemi, Y.","contributorId":70109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lasemi","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ghomashi, M.","contributorId":70915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ghomashi","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Amin-Rasouli, H.","contributorId":48700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amin-Rasouli","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kheradmand, A.","contributorId":21278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kheradmand","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70009731,"text":"70009731 - 2008 - Quantitative mineralogy of fine-grained sedimentary rocks: A preliminary look at QEMSCAN®","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-01T11:31:40","indexId":"70009731","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Quantitative mineralogy of fine-grained sedimentary rocks: A preliminary look at QEMSCAN®","docAbstract":"<p>[No abstract available]</p>","largerWorkTitle":"Microscopy and Microanalysis","language":"English","doi":"10.1017/S1431927608082858","issn":"14319276","usgsCitation":"Grauch, R., Eberl, D.D., Butcher, A., and Botha, P., 2008, Quantitative mineralogy of fine-grained sedimentary rocks: A preliminary look at QEMSCAN®, <i>in</i> Microscopy and Microanalysis, v. 14, no. SUPPL. 2, p. 532-533, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927608082858.","startPage":"532","endPage":"533","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219716,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":204961,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1431927608082858"}],"volume":"14","issue":"SUPPL. 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9224e4b0c8380cd806a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grauch, R. I. 0000-0002-1763-0813","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1763-0813","contributorId":107698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grauch","given":"R. I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eberl, D. D.","contributorId":66282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Butcher, A.R.","contributorId":61559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butcher","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Botha, P.W.S.K.","contributorId":94786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Botha","given":"P.W.S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035624,"text":"70035624 - 2008 - The 2005 catastrophic acid crater lake drainage, lahar, and acidic aerosol formation at Mount Chiginagak volcano, Alaska, USA: Field observations and preliminary water and vegetation chemistry results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-03T10:55:42","indexId":"70035624","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 2005 catastrophic acid crater lake drainage, lahar, and acidic aerosol formation at Mount Chiginagak volcano, Alaska, USA: Field observations and preliminary water and vegetation chemistry results","docAbstract":"A mass of snow and ice 400-m-wide and 105-m-thick began melting in the summit crater of Mount Chiginagak volcano sometime between November 2004 and early May 2005, presumably owing to increased heat flux from the hydrothermal system, or possibly from magma intrusion and degassing. In early May 2005, an estimated 3.8??10<sup>6</sup> m<sup>3</sup> of sulfurous, clay-rich debris and acidic water, with an accompanying acidic aerosol component, exited the crater through a tunnel at the base of a glacier that breaches the south crater rim. Over 27 km downstream, the acidic waters of the flood inundated an important salmon spawning drainage, acidifying Mother Goose Lake from surface to depth (approximately 0.5 km<sup>3</sup> in volume at a pH of 2.9 to 3.1), killing all aquatic life, and preventing the annual salmon run. Over 2 months later, crater lake water sampled 8 km downstream of the outlet after considerable dilution from glacial meltwater was a weak sulfuric acid solution (pH = 3.2, SO<sub>4</sub> = 504 mg/L, Cl = 53.6 mg/L, and F = 7.92 mg/L). The acid flood waters caused severe vegetation damage, including plant death and leaf kill along the flood path. The crater lake drainage was accompanied by an ambioructic flow of acidic aerosols that followed the flood path, contributing to defoliation and necrotic leaf damage to vegetation in a 29 km<sup>2</sup> area along and above affected streams, in areas to heights of over 150 m above stream level. Moss species killed in the event contained high levels of sulfur, indicating extremely elevated atmospheric sulfurcontent. The most abundant airborne phytotoxic constituent was likely sulfuric acid aerosols that were generated during the catastrophic partial crater lake drainage event. Two mechanisms of acidic aerosol formation are proposed: (1) generation of aerosol mist through turbulent flow of acidic water and (2) catastrophic gas exsolution. This previously undocumented phenomenon of simultaneous vegetationdamaging acidic aerosols accompanying drainage of an acidic crater lake has important implications for the study of hazards associated with active volcanic crater lakes. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2007GC001900","issn":"15252027","usgsCitation":"Schaefer, J., Scott, W.E., Evans, W.C., Jorgenson, J., McGimsey, R.G., and Wang, B., 2008, The 2005 catastrophic acid crater lake drainage, lahar, and acidic aerosol formation at Mount Chiginagak volcano, Alaska, USA: Field observations and preliminary water and vegetation chemistry results: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 9, no. 7, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GC001900.","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476797,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007gc001900","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243912,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216070,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007GC001900"}],"volume":"9","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-07-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba648e4b08c986b321005","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schaefer, J.R.","contributorId":48785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaefer","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, W. E.","contributorId":22773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evans, William C.","contributorId":104903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jorgenson, J.","contributorId":75780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jorgenson","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McGimsey, R. G.","contributorId":93921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGimsey","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wang, B.","contributorId":29011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":86127,"text":"ofr20081234 - 2008 - Effects of a 2006 High-Flow Release from Tiber Dam on Channel Morphology at Selected Sites on the Marias River, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:27","indexId":"ofr20081234","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1234","title":"Effects of a 2006 High-Flow Release from Tiber Dam on Channel Morphology at Selected Sites on the Marias River, Montana","docAbstract":"In June 2006, an opportunistic high-flow release was made from Tiber Dam on the Marias River in Mont., to investigate possible alternatives for partially restoring the river's natural flow pattern and variability. At two sites along the river, we measured channel geometry before and after the high-flow release to evaluate channel change and alteration of physical habitat.\r\nStreamflow downstream from Tiber Dam has been stabilized by reduction of high flows and augmentation of low flows. This has produced flood-control benefits as well as some possible adverse environmental effects downstream from the dam. The 2006 high-flow release resulted in a downstream hydrograph with high flows of above-average magnitude in the post-dam flow regime of the Marias River. Timing of the peak and the declining limb of the release hydrograph were very similar to a historical, unregulated hydrograph of the Marias River. Furthermore, the high flow produced many of the qualitative elements of ecologically important physical processes that can be diminished or lost due to flow stabilization downstream from a dam. Typically dry back channels were occupied by flowing water. Islands were inundated, resulting in vegetation removal and sediment accretion that produced new disturbance patches of bare, moist substrate. Cut banks were eroded, and large woody debris was added to the river and redistributed. Flood-plain surfaces were inundated, producing substantial increases in wetted perimeter and spatially distinctive patterns of deposition associated with natural levee formation.\r\nThe scale of the 2006 high flow - in terms of peak magnitude and the lateral extent of bottomland influenced by inundation or lateral channel movement - was roughly an order of magnitude smaller than the scale of an infrequent high flow in the pre-dam regime. Overall extent and composition of riparian vegetation will continue to change under a scaled-down, post-dam flow regime. For example, the importance of the non-native Russian-olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) will likely increase. Reestablishing a more natural pattern of flows, however, should promote the increase of native cottonwood and willow (Salix spp.) in the new-albeit smaller-post-dam riparian ecosystem. A more natural flow regime will also likely provide improved habitat for native fish in the Marias River. Response of fish communities to such flows is the subject of current fisheries studies being conducted in cooperation with Bureau of Reclamation.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081234","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Auble, G.T., and Bowen, Z.H., 2008, Effects of a 2006 High-Flow Release from Tiber Dam on Channel Morphology at Selected Sites on the Marias River, Montana (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1234, Report: v, 39 p.; Text Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081234.","productDescription":"Report: v, 39 p.; Text Files","startPage":"0","endPage":"0","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-06-01","temporalEnd":"2006-06-30","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195606,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11694,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1234/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624ca3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Auble, Gregor T. 0000-0002-0843-2751 aubleg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0843-2751","contributorId":2187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"Gregor","email":"aubleg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowen, Zachary H. 0000-0002-8656-1831 bowenz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8656-1831","contributorId":821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"Zachary","email":"bowenz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70031724,"text":"70031724 - 2008 - A comparison of winter mercury accumulation at forested and no-canopy sites measured with different snow sampling techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T09:16:55","indexId":"70031724","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of winter mercury accumulation at forested and no-canopy sites measured with different snow sampling techniques","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id13\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id14\"><p>Atmospheric mercury (Hg) is delivered to ecosystems via rain, snow, cloud/fog, and dry deposition. The importance of snow, especially snow that has passed through the forest canopy (throughfall), in delivering Hg to terrestrial ecosystems has received little attention in the literature. The snowpack is a dynamic system that links atmospheric deposition and ecosystem cycling through deposition and emission of deposited Hg. To examine the magnitude of Hg delivery via snowfall, and to illuminate processes affecting Hg flux to catchments during winter (cold season), Hg in snow in no-canopy areas and under forest canopies measured with four collection methods were compared: (1) Hg in wet precipitation as measured by the Mercury Deposition Network (MDN) for the site in Acadia National Park, Maine, USA, (2) event throughfall (collected after snowfall cessation for accumulations of &gt;8&nbsp;cm), (3) season-long throughfall collected using the same apparatus for event sampling but deployed for the entire cold season, and (4) snowpack sampling. Estimates (mean&nbsp;±&nbsp;SE) of Hg deposition using these methods during the 91-day cold season in 2004–2005 at conifer sites showed that season-long throughfall Hg flux (1.80&nbsp;μg/m<sup>2</sup>)&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;snowpack Hg (2.38&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.68&nbsp;μg/m<sup>2</sup>) &lt; event throughfall flux (5.63&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.38&nbsp;μg/m<sup>2</sup>). Mercury deposition at the MDN site (0.91&nbsp;μg/m<sup>2</sup>) was similar to that measured at other no-canopy sites in the area using the other methods, but was 3.4 times less than was measured under conifer canopies using the event sampling regime. This indicates that snow accumulated under the forest canopy received Hg from the overstory or exhibited less re-emission of Hg deposited in snow relative to open areas. The soil surface of field-scale plots were sprayed with a natural rain water sample that contained an Hg tracer (<sup>202</sup>Hg) just prior to the first snowfall to explore whether some snowpack Hg might be explained from soil emissions. The appearance of the<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>202</sup>Hg tracer in the snowpack (0–64% of the total Hg mass in the snowpack) suggests that movement of Hg from the soil into the snowpack is possible. However, as with any tracer study the<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>202</sup>Hg tracer may not precisely represent the reactivity and mobility of natural Hg in soils.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.12.009","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Nelson, S., Johnson, K., Weathers, K., Loftin, C., Fernandez, I., Kahl, J.S., and Krabbenhoft, D., 2008, A comparison of winter mercury accumulation at forested and no-canopy sites measured with different snow sampling techniques: Applied Geochemistry, v. 23, no. 3, p. 384-398, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.12.009.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"384","endPage":"398","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239943,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212453,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.12.009"}],"volume":"23","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e37ce4b0c8380cd46072","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, S.J.","contributorId":45901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, K.B.","contributorId":31208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"K.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weathers, K.C.","contributorId":41378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weathers","given":"K.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Loftin, C.S.","contributorId":92771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftin","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fernandez, I.J.","contributorId":61221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fernandez","given":"I.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kahl, J. S.","contributorId":77885,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kahl","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, D. P. 0000-0003-1964-5020","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":90765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"D. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70031790,"text":"70031790 - 2008 - Tectonic and magmatic evolution of the northwestern Basin and Range and its transition to unextended volcanic plateaus: Black Rock Range, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:12","indexId":"70031790","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tectonic and magmatic evolution of the northwestern Basin and Range and its transition to unextended volcanic plateaus: Black Rock Range, Nevada","docAbstract":"The seismically active eastern and western margins of the northern Basin and Range have been extensively studied, yet the northwestern margin of the province remains incompletely understood. The Black Rock Range of northwestern Nevada straddles the transition from the Basin and Range province to the south and east, and flat-lying volcanic plateaus to the west. This poorly understood range preserves a remarkably complete record of Cenozoic magmatism and provides an important window into the pre-Miocene history of the unextended volcanic plateaus of northeastern California and southern Oregon. Geologic mapping and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology from the northern Black Rock Range document three significant episodes of Eocene to middle Miocene volcanism. Eocene (35 Ma) basalts directly overlie Mesozoic granites and arc-related volcanic and sedimentary rocks. Locally erupted Oligocene to early Miocene (27-21 Ma) bimodal volcanic rocks comprise the bulk of the Cenozoic section and conformably overlie the Eocene basalt flows. These bimodal units include rhyolitic lavas, variably welded rhyolitic ash flows, unwelded ash-fall deposits, and thin basalt flows. In the neighboring Pine Forest Range ???20 km to the north, similar Oligocene to early Miocene units are overlain by more than 500 m of ca. 16.4 Ma Steens-equivalent basalt flows and are capped by ca. 16 Ma rhyolitic ash-flow tuffs. In the northern Black Rock Range, the ca. 16.4 Ma middle Miocene basalts are absent from the section, and a 16.2 Ma rhyolitic ash-flow tuff directly overlies the early Miocene flows. Basaltic and rhyolitic volcanic products in the northern Black Rock Range span 35-16 Ma, with many of the Oligocene volcanic units derived from local vents and dikes. Despite the map-scale complexities of locally derived lava flows, the Cenozoic section is broadly conformable and dips gently (???5??-10??) to the northwest. The region experienced no significant tilting between 35 and 16 Ma, with moderate tilting (???5??-10??) and concomitant uplift occurring after 16 Ma. This tectonic history is consistent with that of the nearby Pine Forest and Santa Rosa Ranges, where low-temperature thermochronology documents footwall exhumation along the range-bounding normal faults after 12 Ma. The velocity structure of the crust beneath the northern Black Rock Range is constrained by a recent geophysical survey (seismic reflection, refraction, and gravity) and contains gradients that correspond to basin depths predicted by our geologic mapping. Together with recently completed geological and geophysical studies from the surrounding region, our results suggest that the evolution of the northwestern margin of the Basin and Range was characterized by long-lived and voluminous volcanism without significant tectonism, followed by low-magnitude (???20%) extension along high-angle normal faults. ?? 2008 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/B26151.1","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Lerch, D., Miller, E., McWilliams, M., and Colgan, J., 2008, Tectonic and magmatic evolution of the northwestern Basin and Range and its transition to unextended volcanic plateaus: Black Rock Range, Nevada: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 120, no. 3-4, p. 300-311, https://doi.org/10.1130/B26151.1.","startPage":"300","endPage":"311","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239980,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212489,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B26151.1"}],"volume":"120","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-03-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba451e4b08c986b32024c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lerch, D.W.","contributorId":8293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lerch","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, E.","contributorId":29998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McWilliams, M.","contributorId":39121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McWilliams","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Colgan, J.","contributorId":18177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colgan","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70010387,"text":"70010387 - 2008 - Biotechnology and DNA vaccines for aquatic animals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:26","indexId":"70010387","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2917,"text":"OIE Revue Scientifique et Technique","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biotechnology and DNA vaccines for aquatic animals","docAbstract":"Biotechnology has been used extensively in the development of vaccines for aquaculture. Modern molecular methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), cloning and microarray analysis have facilitated antigen discovery, construction of novel candidate vaccines, and assessments of vaccine efficacy, mode of action, and host response. This review focuses on DNA vaccines for finfish to illustrate biotechnology applications in this field. Although DNA vaccines for fish rhabdoviruses continue to show the highest efficacy, DNA vaccines for several other viral and bacterial fish pathogens have now been proven to provide significant protection against pathogen challenge. Studies of the fish rhabdovirus DNA vaccines have elucidated factors that affect DNA vaccine efficacy as well as the nature of the fish innate and adaptive immune responses to DNA vaccines. As tools for managing aquatic animal disease emergencies, DNA vaccines have advantages in speed, flexibility, and safety, and one fish DNA vaccine has been licensed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"OIE Revue Scientifique et Technique","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"02531933","usgsCitation":"Kurath, G., 2008, Biotechnology and DNA vaccines for aquatic animals: OIE Revue Scientifique et Technique, v. 27, no. 1, p. 175-196.","startPage":"175","endPage":"196","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218866,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f1a0e4b0c8380cd4ad45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kurath, Gael 0000-0003-3294-560X gkurath@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-560X","contributorId":100522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurath","given":"Gael","email":"gkurath@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":358807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70180883,"text":"70180883 - 2008 - On determining the significance of ephemeral continental wetlands to North American migratory shorebirds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-07T14:40:17","indexId":"70180883","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On determining the significance of ephemeral continental wetlands to North American migratory shorebirds","docAbstract":"<p><span>Conservation challenges enhance the need for quantitative information on dispersed bird populations in extensive landscapes, for techniques to monitor populations and assess environmental effects, and for conservation strategies at appropriate temporal and spatial scales. By estimating population sizes of shorebirds in the U.S. portion of the prairie pothole landscape in central North America, where most migrating shorebirds exhibit a highly dispersed spatial pattern, we determined that the region may play a vital role in the conservation of shorebirds. During northward and southward migration, 7.3 million shorebirds (95% CI: 4.3–10.3 million) and 3.9 million shorebirds (95% CI: 1.7–6.0 million) stopped to rest and refuel in the study area; inclusion of locally breeding species increases the estimates by 0.1 million and 0.07 million shorebirds, respectively. Seven species of calidridine sandpipers, including Semipalmated Sandpipers (</span><i>Calidris pusilla</i><span>), White-rumped Sandpipers (</span><i>C. fuscicollis</i><span>), and Stilt Sandpipers (</span><i>C. himantopus</i><span>), constituted 50% of northbound migrants in our study area. We present an approach to population estimation and monitoring, based on stratified random selection of townships as sample units, that is well suited to 11 migratory shorebird species. For extensive and dynamic wetland systems, we strongly caution against a monitoring program based solely on repeated counts of known stopover sites with historically high numbers of shorebirds. We recommend refinements in methodology to address sample-size requirements and potential sources of bias so that our approach may form the basis of a rigorous migration monitoring program in this and other prairie wetland regions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1525/auk.2008.125.1.20","usgsCitation":"Skagen, S.K., Granfors, D.A., and Melcher, C.P., 2008, On determining the significance of ephemeral continental wetlands to North American migratory shorebirds: The Auk, v. 125, no. 1, p. 20-29, https://doi.org/10.1525/auk.2008.125.1.20.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"20","endPage":"29","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476792,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/auk.2008.125.1.20","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":334836,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"125","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58999944e4b0efcedb71a0a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Skagen, Susan K. 0000-0002-6744-1244 skagens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6744-1244","contributorId":2009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skagen","given":"Susan","email":"skagens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":662685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Granfors, Diane A.","contributorId":174567,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Granfors","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Melcher, Cynthia P. 0000-0002-8044-9689 melcherc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8044-9689","contributorId":5094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melcher","given":"Cynthia","email":"melcherc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":662687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70180872,"text":"70180872 - 2008 - Mating behavior as a possible cause of bat fatalities at wind turbines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-06T10:32:35","indexId":"70180872","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mating behavior as a possible cause of bat fatalities at wind turbines","docAbstract":"<p><span>Bats are killed by wind turbines in North America and Europe in large numbers, yet a satisfactory explanation for this phenomenon remains elusive. Most bat fatalities at turbines thus far occur during late summer and autumn and involve species that roost in trees. In this commentary I draw on existing literature to illustrate how previous behavioral observations of the affected species might help explain these fatalities. I hypothesize that tree bats collide with turbines while engaging in mating behaviors that center on the tallest trees in a landscape, and that such behaviors stem from 2 different mating systems (resource defense polygyny and lekking). Bats use vision to move across landscapes and might react to the visual stimulus of turbines as they do to tall trees. This scenario has serious conservation and management implications. If mating bats are drawn to turbines, wind energy facilities may act as population sinks and risk may be hard to assess before turbines are built. Researchers could observe bat behavior and experimentally manipulate trees, turbines, or other tall structures to test the hypothesis that tree bats mate at the tallest trees. If this hypothesis is supported, management actions aimed at decreasing the attractiveness of turbines to tree bats may help alleviate the problem. </span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2193/2007-371","usgsCitation":"Cryan, P.M., 2008, Mating behavior as a possible cause of bat fatalities at wind turbines: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 72, no. 3, p. 845-849, https://doi.org/10.2193/2007-371.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"845","endPage":"849","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334809,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58999944e4b0efcedb71a0aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cryan, Paul M. 0000-0002-2915-8894 cryanp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2915-8894","contributorId":2356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cryan","given":"Paul","email":"cryanp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":662653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70180871,"text":"70180871 - 2008 - Bats prove to be rich reservoirs for emerging viruses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-06T10:25:20","indexId":"70180871","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2726,"text":"Microbe","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bats prove to be rich reservoirs for emerging viruses","docAbstract":"<p>Emerging pathogens, many of them viruses, continue to surprise us, providing many newly recognized diseases to study and to try to control. Many of these emergent viruses are zoonotic, transmitted from reservoirs in wild or domestic animals to humans, either by insect vectors or by exposure to the droppings or tissues of such animals. One rich- but, until recently, underappreciated-source of emergent viruses is bats (<i>Chiroptera</i>, meaning \"hand wing\"). Accounting for 1,116, or nearly one fourth, of the 4,600 recognized species of mammals, bats are grouped into two suborders Megachiroptera, which contains a single family, Pteropodidae, consisting of 42 genera and 186&nbsp;species, and Microchiroptera, which contains 17 families, 160 genera, and 930 species.&nbsp;</p><p>Although bats are among the most abundant, diverse, and geographically dispersed orders of terrestrial mammals, research on these flying mammals historically focused more on their habits and outward characteristics than on their role in carrying microorganisms and transmitting pathogens to other species. Even in those cases where bats were known to carry particular pathogens, the microbiologists who studied those pathogens typically knew little about the bat hosts. Hence, investigators now are seeking to explain how variations of anatomy, physiology, ecology, and behavior influence the roles of bats as hosts for viral pathogens. </p>","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Calisher, C., Holmes, K.V., Dominguez, S.R., Schountz, T., and Cryan, P.M., 2008, Bats prove to be rich reservoirs for emerging viruses: Microbe, v. 3, no. 11, p. 521-528.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"521","endPage":"528","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334808,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58999945e4b0efcedb71a0ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Calisher, Charles H.","contributorId":35445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calisher","given":"Charles H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holmes, Kathryn V.","contributorId":43091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Kathryn","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dominguez, Samuel R.","contributorId":103402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dominguez","given":"Samuel","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schountz, Tony","contributorId":179101,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schountz","given":"Tony","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cryan, Paul M. 0000-0002-2915-8894 cryanp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2915-8894","contributorId":2356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cryan","given":"Paul","email":"cryanp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":662652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70176803,"text":"70176803 - 2008 - Molt and aging criteria for four North American grassland passerines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-06T11:31:43","indexId":"70176803","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":10,"text":"Biological Technical Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"BTP-R6011-2008","title":"Molt and aging criteria for four North American grassland passerines","docAbstract":"<p>Prairie and grassland habitats in central and western North America have declined substantially since settlement by Europeans (Knopf 1994) and many of the birds and other organisms that inhabit North American grasslands have experienced steep declines (Peterjohn and Sauer 1999; Johnson and Igl 1997; Sauer, Hines, and Fallon 2007). The species addressed here, Sprague’s Pipit (Anthus spragueii), Grasshopper (Ammodramus savannarum) and Baird’s (A. bairdii) sparrows, and Chestnut-collared Longspurs (Calcarius ornatus), are grassland birds that are of special conservation concern throughout their ranges due to declining populations and the loss of the specific grassland habitats required on both their breeding and wintering ranges (Knopf 1994, Davis and Sealy 1998, Davis 2003, Davis 2004, Jones and Dieni 2007). </p><p>Population-trend data on grassland birds, while clearly showing declines, provides no information on the causes of population declines. Without demographic information (i.e., productivity and survivorship), there are no means to determine when in their life cycle the problems that are creating these declines are occurring, or to determine to what extent population trends are driven by factors that affect birth rates, death rates, or both (DeSante 1995). For migratory birds, population declines may be driven by factors on breeding grounds, during migration, and/or on wintering grounds. Lack of data on productivity and survivorship thus impedes the formulation of effective management and conservation strategies to reverse population declines (DeSante 1992). Furthermore, if deficiencies in survivorship are revealed, management strategies may need to address habitats on both breeding and non-breeding grounds, as well as along migratory pathways. One technique that helps inform management strategies is the biochemical analysis of isotopes and genetic markers, from the sampling of individual feathers from live birds (Smith et al. 2003, Pérez and Hobson 2006; Appendix). </p><p>Determining demographic parameters and effectively sampling feathers to reveal connectivity between breeding and wintering grounds requires detailed knowledge of molt patterns and age determination criteria for the target species, in the hand. For example, productivity, survivorship, and territory acquisition may all be age-dependent, with first-year birds showing different patterns and responses than older birds. In many cases it may be possible to sample both a feather grown on the breeding grounds and one grown on the wintering grounds from a single individual, but knowledge of age-specific molt patterns, as well as an ability to recognize different feather generations, is needed to accomplish such a task. While some information on molt and aging criteria exists for grassland passerine species (Pyle 1997a), these species have been rarely captured during mark-recapture studies (Jones et al. 2007) and this information thus needs refining. There is a need for additional resources to assist field workers in determining molt patterns and age in captured individuals. </p><p>Our objective is to describe molt and aging criteria for four grassland passerine species with the aid of digital photographs taken in the field. We hope that this document will be useful for researchers studying grassland species through capture and banding of live individuals on either the breeding or the wintering grounds. We present a general section on molt and aging techniques, followed by specific accounts for the four species treated: Sprague’s Pipits, Grasshopper and Baird sparrows, and Chestnut-collared Longspur. We also provide a brief protocol on collecting feather samples (Appendix). </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Pyle, P., Jones, S.L., and Ruth, J.M., 2008, Molt and aging criteria for four North American grassland passerines: Biological Technical Publication BTP-R6011-2008, vii, 19 p.","productDescription":"vii, 19 p.","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329373,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":329372,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://nctc.fws.gov/resources/knowledge-resources/pdf/grasslandpasserines08.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7c08ae4b0bc0bec09c7e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pyle, Peter","contributorId":175192,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pyle","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Stephanie L.","contributorId":41012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Stephanie","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ruth, Janet M. 0000-0003-1576-5957 janet_ruth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1576-5957","contributorId":1408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruth","given":"Janet","email":"janet_ruth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":650379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70180885,"text":"70180885 - 2008 - Restoration ecology and invasive riparian plants: An introduction to the special section on <i>Tamarix</i> spp. in western North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-06T15:08:27","indexId":"70180885","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Restoration ecology and invasive riparian plants: An introduction to the special section on <i>Tamarix</i> spp. in western North America","docAbstract":"<p>River systems around the world are subject to various perturbations, including the colonization and spread of non-native species in riparian zones. Riparian resource managers are commonly engaged in efforts to control problematic non-native species and restore native habitats. In western North America, small Eurasian trees or shrubs in the genus <i>Tamarix</i>occupy hundreds of thousands of hectares of riparian lands, and are the targets of substantial and costly control efforts and associated restoration activities. Still, significant information gaps exist regarding approaches used in control and restoration efforts and their effects on riparian ecosystems. In this special section of papers, eight articles address various aspects of control and restoration associated with <i>Tamarix </i>spp. These include articles focused on planning restoration and revegetation; a synthetic analysis of past restoration efforts; and several specific research endeavors examining plant responses, water use, and various wildlife responses (including birds, butterflies, and lizards). These articles represent important additions to the <i>Tamarix </i>spp. literature and contain many lessons and insights that should be transferable to other analogous situations in river systems globally.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Ecological Restoration","doi":"10.1111/j.1526-100X.2007.00362.x","usgsCitation":"Shafroth, P.B., and Briggs, M.K., 2008, Restoration ecology and invasive riparian plants: An introduction to the special section on <i>Tamarix</i> spp. in western North America: Restoration Ecology, v. 16, no. 1, p. 94-96, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2007.00362.x.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"94","endPage":"96","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334838,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-03-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58999944e4b0efcedb71a0a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shafroth, Patrick B. 0000-0002-6064-871X shafrothp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6064-871X","contributorId":2000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafroth","given":"Patrick","email":"shafrothp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":662694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Briggs, Mark K.","contributorId":177076,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Briggs","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70043510,"text":"70043510 - 2008 - Reevaluation of the macroseismic effects of the 1887 Sonora, Mexico earthquake and its magnitude estimation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-20T11:30:49","indexId":"70043510","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5087,"text":"Geo-UNAM : boletín informativo del área de ciencias de la tierra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reevaluation of the macroseismic effects of the 1887 Sonora, Mexico earthquake and its magnitude estimation","docAbstract":"<p>The Sonora, Mexico, earthquake of 3 May 1887 occurred a few years before the start of the instrumental era in seismology. We revisit all available accounts of the earthquake and assign Modified Mercalli Intensities (MMI), interpreting and analyzing macroseismic information using the best available modern methods. We find that earlier intensity assignments for this important earthquake were unjustifiably high in many cases. High intensity values were assigned based on accounts of rock falls, soil failure or changes in the water table, which are now known to be very poor indicators of shaking severity and intensity. Nonetheless, reliable accounts reveal that light damage (intensity VI) occurred at distances of up to ~200 km in both Mexico and the United States. The resulting set of 98 reevaluated intensity values is used to draw an isoseismal map of this event. Using the attenuation relation proposed by Bakun (2006b), we estimate an optimal moment magnitude of M<sub>w</sub>7.6. Assuming this magnitude is correct, a fact supported independently by documented rupture parameters assuming standard scaling relations, our results support the conclusion that northern Sonora as well as the Basin and Range province are characterized by lower attenuation of intensities than California. However, this appears to be at odds with recent results that L<sub>g</sub> attenuation in the Basin and Range province is comparable to that in California.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México","publisherLocation":"México, D.F.","usgsCitation":"Suarez, G., and Hough, S.E., 2008, Reevaluation of the macroseismic effects of the 1887 Sonora, Mexico earthquake and its magnitude estimation: Geo-UNAM : boletín informativo del área de ciencias de la tierra, p. 1-15.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"15","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-011480","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306576,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://usuarios.geofisica.unam.mx/cruz/Sismociones_Libres/Biblio_Sismocion/Sonora_v5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":323987,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","otherGeospatial":"Northern Sonora, Basin and Range province","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.640625,\n              31.74685416292141\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.640625,\n              42.58544425738491\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.478515625,\n              42.58544425738491\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.478515625,\n              31.74685416292141\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.640625,\n              31.74685416292141\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576913e6e4b07657d19ff24c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Suarez, Gerardo","contributorId":146425,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Suarez","given":"Gerardo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hough, Susan E. 0000-0002-5980-2986 hough@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-2986","contributorId":587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hough","given":"Susan","email":"hough@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":567819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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