Energy and mineral development, particularly coalbed natural gas development, is proceeding at a rapid pace in the Powder River Structural Basin (PRB) in northeastern Wyoming. Concerns about the potential effects of development led to formation of an interagency working group of primarily Federal and State agencies to address these issues in the PRB in Wyoming and in Montana where similar types of resources exist but are largely undeveloped. Under the direction of the interagency working group, an ecological assessment of streams in the PRB was initiated to determine the current status (2005–06) and to establish a baseline for future monitoring.
The ecological assessment components include assessment of stream habitat and riparian zones as well as assessments of macroinvertebrate, algal, and fish communities. All of the components were sampled at 47 sites in the PRB during 2005. A reduced set of components, consisting primarily of macroinvertebrate and fish community assessments, was sampled in 2006. Related ecological data, such as habitat and fish community data collected from selected sites in 2004, also are included in this report.
The stream habitat assessment included measurement of channel features, substrate size and embeddedness, riparian vegetation, and reachwide characteristics. The width-to-depth ratio (bankfull width/bankfull depth) tended to be higher at sites on the main-stem Powder River than at sites on the main-stem Tongue River and at sites on tributary streams. The streambed substrate particle size was largest at sites on the main-stem Tongue River and smallest at sites on small tributary streams such as Squirrel Creek and Otter Creek. Total vegetative cover at the ground level, understory, and canopy layers ranged from less than 40 percent at a few sites to more than 90 percent at many of the sites. A bank-stability index indicated that sites in the Tongue River drainage were less at risk of bank failure than sites on the main-stem Powder River.
Macroinvertebrate communities showed similarity at the river-drainage scale. Macroinvertebrate communities at sites with mountainous headwaters and snowmelt-driven hydrology, such as Clear Creek, Crazy Woman Creek, and Goose Creek, showed similarity with communities from the main-stem Tongue River. The data also indicated similarity among sites on the main-stem Powder River and among small tributaries of the Tongue River. Data analyses using macroinvertebrate observed/expected models and multimetric indices developed by the States of Wyoming and Montana indicated a tendency toward declining biological condition in the downstream direction along the Tongue River. Biological condition for the main-stem Powder River generally improved downstream, from below Salt Creek to near the Wyoming/Montana border, followed by a general decline downstream from the border to the confluence with the Yellowstone River. The biological condition generally was not significantly different between 2005 and 2006, although streamflow was less in 2006 because of drought.
Algal communities showed similarity at the river-drainage scale with slight differences from the pattern observed in the macroinvertebrate communities. Although the algal communities from Clear Creek and Goose Creek were similar to those from the main-stem Tongue River, as was true of the macroinvertebrate communities, the algal communities from Crazy Woman Creek had more similarity to those of main-stem Powder River sites than to the Tongue River sites, contrary to the macroinvertebrates. Ordination of algal communities, as well as diatom metrics including salinity and dominant taxa, indicated substantial variation at two sites along the main stem of the Powder River.
Fish communities of the PRB were most diverse in the Tongue River drainage. In part due to the effects of Tongue River Reservoir, 15 species of fish were found in the Tongue River drainage that were not found in the Cheyenne, Belle Fourche, or Little Powder River drainages. The number of introduced species and relative abundance of introduced species of fish were higher in the Tongue River and other drainages than at sites on the main-stem Powder River. Although non-native species were identified in the Powder River, the native fish community is largely intact. Western silvery minnow and sturgeon chub—species of special concern—were identified only at sites on the main-stem Powder River and were most common in the Montana segment of the main stem. Fish and habitat sampling on the main-stem Powder River indicated affinity of some species for certain habitats such as pools, runs, riffles, backwaters, or shoals.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095023","isbn":"9781411323469","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management, U.S. Department of the Interior, Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality, Wyoming Game and Fish Department, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Montana Department of Environmental Quality, and Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Parks","usgsCitation":"Peterson, D.A., Wright, P., Edwards, G., Hargett, E., Feldman, D., Zumberge, J., and Dey, P., 2009, Ecological assessment of streams in the Powder River Structural Basin, Wyoming and Montana, 2005-06: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5023, xii, 140 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095023.","productDescription":"xii, 140 p.","temporalStart":"2005-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":684,"text":"Wyoming Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196080,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12361,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5023/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Powder River Structural Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -108,43 ], [ -108,47 ], [ -104,47 ], [ -104,43 ], [ -108,43 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627d59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, D. A.","contributorId":6453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, P.R.","contributorId":91535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edwards, G.P. Jr.","contributorId":84865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"G.P.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hargett, E.G.","contributorId":100962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hargett","given":"E.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Feldman, D.L.","contributorId":59140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feldman","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zumberge, J.R.","contributorId":11726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zumberge","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dey, Paul","contributorId":31859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dey","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":97305,"text":"pp1758 - 2009 - Comparative Hydrology, Water Quality, and Ecology of Selected Natural and Augmented Freshwater Wetlands in West-Central Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:53","indexId":"pp1758","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1758","title":"Comparative Hydrology, Water Quality, and Ecology of Selected Natural and Augmented Freshwater Wetlands in West-Central Florida","docAbstract":"Comparing altered wetlands to natural wetlands in the same region improves the ability to interpret the gradual and cumulative effects of human development on freshwater wetlands. Hydrologic differences require explicit attention because they affect nearly all wetland functions and are an overriding influence on other comparisons involving wetland water quality and ecology. This study adopts several new approaches to quantify wetland hydrologic characteristics and then describes and compares the hydrology, water quality, and ecology of 10 isolated freshwater marsh and cypress wetlands in the mantled karst landscape of central Florida. Four of the wetlands are natural, and the other six have water levels indirectly lowered by ground-water withdrawals on municipally owned well fields. For several decades, the water levels in four of these altered wetlands have been raised by adding ground water in a mitigation process called augmentation. The two wetlands left unaugmented were impaired because their water levels were lowered. Multifaceted comparisons between the altered and natural wetlands are used to examine differences between marshes and cypress wetlands and to describe the effects of augmentation practices on the wetland ecosystems.\r\n In the karstic geologic setting, both natural and altered wetlands predominantly lost water to the surficial aquifer. Water leaking out of the wetlands created water-table mounds below the wetlands. The smallest mounds radiated only slightly beyond the vegetated area of the wetlands. The largest and steepest mounds occurred below two of the augmented wetlands. There, rapid leakage rates regenerated a largely absent surficial aquifer and mounds encompassed areas 7-8 times as large as the wetlands.\r\n Wetland leakage rates, estimated using a daily water-budget analysis applied over multiple years and normalized as inches per day, varied thirtyfold from the slowest leaking natural wetland to the fastest leaking augmented wetland. Leakage rates increased as the size of the flooded area decreased and as the downward head difference between the wetland and the underlying Upper Floridan aquifer increased. Allowing one of the augmented wetlands to dry up for about 2.5 months in the spring of 2004, and then refilling it, generated a net savings of augmentation water despite the amount of water required to recreate the water-table mound beneath the wetland. Runoff from the surrounding uplands was an important component of the water budget in all of the unaugmented wetlands and two of the augmented wetlands. At a minimum, runoff contributed from half (45 percent) to twice (182 percent) as much water as direct rainfall at individual wetlands.\r\n Wetland flooded areas, derived using wetland water levels and bathymetric data and presented as a percentage of total wetland area, were used to compare and contrast hydrologic conditions among the 10 wetlands. The percentages of the natural wetland areas that flooded during the study were comparable, despite differences in the sizes of the wetlands. The percent flooded area in each wetland was calculated daily over the study period and monthly for up to 16 years using historical water-level data. Historical flooding in the natural wetlands spanned a greater range in area and had more pronounced seasonality than historical flooding at either the impaired or augmented wetlands. Flooding in the impaired and natural wetlands was similar, however, during 2 years of the study with substantially reduced well-field pumping and above average rainfall.\r\n Comparisons indicated several hydrologic differences between the marsh and cypress wetlands in this study. The natural and impaired marshes leaked at about half the rate of the natural and impaired cypress wetlands, and the marshes collectively were underlain by geologic material with lower vertical leakance values than the cypress wetlands. The natural marshes had higher evaporation rates compared to cypress","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1758","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Pinellas County Southwest Florida Water Management District Tampa Bay Water","usgsCitation":"Lee, T.M., Haag, K.H., Metz, P.A., and Sacks, L.A., 2009, Comparative Hydrology, Water Quality, and Ecology of Selected Natural and Augmented Freshwater Wetlands in West-Central Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1758, x, 152 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1758.","productDescription":"x, 152 p.","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198231,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp1758.jpg"},{"id":12357,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1758/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83,27.75 ], [ -83,28.75 ], [ -81.75,28.75 ], [ -81.75,27.75 ], [ -83,27.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae5d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, T. M.","contributorId":67855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haag, K. H.","contributorId":67925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haag","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Metz, P. A.","contributorId":68706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metz","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sacks, L. A.","contributorId":83092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sacks","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":97296,"text":"ofr20081377 - 2009 - Water-Resources Data and Hydrogeologic Setting at the Raleigh Hydrogeologic Research Station, Wake County, North Carolina, 2005-2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:28","indexId":"ofr20081377","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1377","title":"Water-Resources Data and Hydrogeologic Setting at the Raleigh Hydrogeologic Research Station, Wake County, North Carolina, 2005-2007","docAbstract":"Water-resources data were collected to describe the hydrologic conditions at the Raleigh hydrogeologic research station, located in the Piedmont Physiographic Province of North Carolina. Data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Water Quality, from May 2005 through September 2007 are presented in this report. Three well clusters and four piezometers were installed at the Raleigh hydrogeologic research station along an assumed flow path from recharge to discharge areas. Each well cluster includes four wells to monitor the regolith, transition zone, and shallow and deep bedrock. Borehole, surface, and waterborne geophysics were conducted to examine the lithology and physical properties of the bedrock and to determine the aerial extent of near vertical diabase dikes. Slug tests were conducted in the wells at each cluster to determine the hydraulic conductivity of the formation tapped by each well. Periodic water-level altitudes were measured in all wells and in four piezometers. Continuous hourly water levels were measured in wells for variable periods of time during the study, and a surface-water gage collected 15-minute stage data from April to June 2006. In October 2005 and April 2006, water-quality samples were collected from a tributary and in all wells at the Raleigh hydrogeologic research station. Continuous water-quality data were collected hourly in three wells from December 2005 through January 2007 and every 15 minutes in the tributary from May to June 2006. In August 2006, streambed temperatures and drive-point ground-water samples were collected across lines of section spanning the Neuse River.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081377","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Water Quality","usgsCitation":"McSwain, K., Bolich, R.E., Chapman, M.J., and Huffman, B.A., 2009, Water-Resources Data and Hydrogeologic Setting at the Raleigh Hydrogeologic Research Station, Wake County, North Carolina, 2005-2007: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1377, vi, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081377.","productDescription":"vi, 49 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2007-05-01","temporalEnd":"2007-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195284,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12347,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1377/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -85,33.5 ], [ -85,37 ], [ -75,37 ], [ -75,33.5 ], [ -85,33.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49efe4b07f02db5edda4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McSwain, Kristen Bukowski","contributorId":104458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McSwain","given":"Kristen Bukowski","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bolich, Richard E.","contributorId":89615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bolich","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chapman, Melinda J. 0000-0003-4021-0320 mjchap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4021-0320","contributorId":1597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"Melinda","email":"mjchap@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Huffman, Brad A. 0000-0003-4025-1325 bahuffma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4025-1325","contributorId":1596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huffman","given":"Brad","email":"bahuffma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":97289,"text":"ofr20081346 - 2009 - Detailed Geophysical Fault Characterization in Yucca Flat, Nevada Test Site, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:55","indexId":"ofr20081346","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1346","title":"Detailed Geophysical Fault Characterization in Yucca Flat, Nevada Test Site, Nevada","docAbstract":"Yucca Flat is a topographic and structural basin in the northeastern part of the Nevada Test Site (NTS) in Nye County, Nevada. Between the years 1951 and 1992, 659 underground nuclear tests took place in Yucca Flat; most were conducted in large, vertical excavations that penetrated alluvium and the underlying Cenozoic volcanic rocks.\r\n\r\nRadioactive and other potential chemical contaminants at the NTS are the subject of a long-term program of investigation and remediation by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), National Nuclear Security Administration, Nevada Site Office, under its Environmental Restoration Program. As part of the program, the DOE seeks to assess the extent of contamination and to evaluate the potential risks to humans and the environment from byproducts of weapons testing. To accomplish this objective, the DOE Environmental Restoration Program is constructing and calibrating a ground-water flow model to predict hydrologic flow in Yucca Flat as part of an effort to quantify the subsurface hydrology of the Nevada Test Site. A necessary part of calibrating and evaluating a model of the flow system is an understanding of the location and characteristics of faults that may influence ground-water flow. In addition, knowledge of fault-zone architecture and physical properties is a fundamental component of the containment of the contamination from underground nuclear tests, should such testing ever resume at the Nevada Test Site.\r\n\r\nThe goal of the present investigation is to develop a detailed understanding of the geometry and physical properties of fault zones in Yucca Flat. This study was designed to investigate faults in greater detail and to characterize fault geometry, the presence of fault splays, and the fault-zone width. Integrated geological and geophysical studies have been designed and implemented to work toward this goal. \r\n\r\nThis report describes the geophysical surveys conducted near two drill holes in Yucca Flat, the data analyses performed, and the integrated interpretations developed from the suite of geophysical methodologies utilized in this investigation. Data collection for this activity started in the spring of 2005 and continued into 2006. A suite of electrical geophysical surveys were run in combination with ground magnetic surveys; these surveys resulted in high-resolution subsurface data that portray subsurface fault geometry at the two sites and have identified structures not readily apparent from surface geologic mapping, potential field geophysical data, or surface effects fracture maps.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081346","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Site Office under Interagency Agreement DEAI52-07NV28100","usgsCitation":"Asch, T., Sweetkind, D., Burton, B., and Wallin, E.L., 2009, Detailed Geophysical Fault Characterization in Yucca Flat, Nevada Test Site, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1346, Report: vi, 64 p. + Appendixes (A1-A9, B1-B147), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081346.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 64 p. + Appendixes (A1-A9, B1-B147)","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195988,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12340,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1346/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.25,36.833333333333336 ], [ -116.25,37.25 ], [ -115.83333333333333,37.25 ], [ -115.83333333333333,36.833333333333336 ], [ -116.25,36.833333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667cd5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Asch, Theodore H.","contributorId":83617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asch","given":"Theodore H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sweetkind, Donald S. dsweetkind@usgs.gov","contributorId":735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweetkind","given":"Donald S.","email":"dsweetkind@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":271,"text":"Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":301590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burton, Bethany L. 0000-0001-5011-7862 blburton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5011-7862","contributorId":1341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"Bethany L.","email":"blburton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":301591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wallin, Erin L.","contributorId":70066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallin","given":"Erin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":97286,"text":"sir20095017 - 2009 - Summary and analysis of water-quality data for the Arrowwood National Wildlife Refuge, east-central North Dakota, 1987-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-14T12:15:16","indexId":"sir20095017","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5017","title":"Summary and analysis of water-quality data for the Arrowwood National Wildlife Refuge, east-central North Dakota, 1987-2004","docAbstract":"The Bureau of Reclamation collected water-quality samples at 16 sites on the James River and the Arrowwood National Wildlife Refuge, N. Dak., as part of its refuge-monitoring program from 1987-93 and as part of an environmental impact statement commitment from 1999-2004.\r\n\r\nClimatic and hydrologic conditions varied greatly during both sampling periods. The first period was dominated by drought conditions, which abruptly changed to cooler and wetter conditions in 1992-93. During the second period, conditions were near normal to very wet and included higher inflow from the James River into the refuge. The two periods also differed in the sites sampled, seasons sampled, and properties and constituent concentrations measured.\r\n\r\nSummary statistics were reported separately for the two sampling periods for all physical properties and constituents. Nonparametric statistical tests were used to further analyze some of the water-quality data.\r\n\r\nDuring the first sampling period, 1987-93, specific conductance, turbidity, hardness, alkalinity, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, nonvolatile suspended solids, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, sulfate, chloride, phosphate, total phosphorus, total organic carbon, chlorophyll a, and arsenic were determined to have significantly different medians among the sites tested. During the second sampling period, 1999-2004, the medians of pH, sodium, chloride, barium, and boron varied significantly among sites.\r\n\r\nSites sampled and period of record varied between the two sampling periods and the period of record varied among the sites. Also, some constituents analyzed during the first period (1987-93) were not analyzed during the second period (1999-2004), and winter sampling was done during the second sampling period only. This variability reduces the number of direct comparisons that can be made between the two periods. Three sites had complete periods of record for both sampling periods and were compared. Differences in variability and median concentration were identified between the two time periods.\r\n\r\nSites representing inflow to the refuge and outflow were compared statistically for the period when data were available for both sites, 1999-2004. Of the nutrients tested - ammonia plus organic nitrogen, phosphate, and total phosphorus - no significant statistical differences were found between the inflow samples and the outflow samples. Statistically significant differences were found for pH, sulfate, chloride, barium, and manganese.\r\n\r\nNutrients are of particular interest in the refuge because of the aquatic plant and animal life and the use of the wetland resources by waterfowl. However, the nutrient data were highly censored and there were differences in the seasonal timing of sample collection between the two sampling periods. Therefore, the nutrient data were examined graphically with stripplots that highlighted differences in the seasonal timing of sample collection and concentration differences likely related to the differences in climatic and hydrologic conditions between the two periods.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095017","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation, U.S. Department of the Interior","usgsCitation":"Ryberg, K.R., and Hiemenz, G., 2009, Summary and analysis of water-quality data for the Arrowwood National Wildlife Refuge, east-central North Dakota, 1987-2004: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5017, vi, 92 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095017.","productDescription":"vi, 92 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1987-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124647,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5017.jpg"},{"id":12337,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5017/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Arrowwood National Wildlife Refuge","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db6996c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryberg, Karen R. 0000-0002-9834-2046 kryberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9834-2046","contributorId":1172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryberg","given":"Karen","email":"kryberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hiemenz, Gregory","contributorId":16943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hiemenz","given":"Gregory","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97277,"text":"fs20083103 - 2009 - Floods of Selected Streams in Arkansas, Spring 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:47","indexId":"fs20083103","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-3103","title":"Floods of Selected Streams in Arkansas, Spring 2008","docAbstract":"Floods can cause loss of life and extensive destruction to property. Monitoring floods and understanding the reasons for their occurrence are the responsibility of many Federal agencies. The National Weather Service, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and the U.S. Geological Survey are among the most visible of these agencies. Together, these three agencies collect and analyze floodflow information to better understand the variety of mechanisms that cause floods, and how the characteristics and frequencies of floods vary with time and location.\r\n\r\nThe U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has monitored and assessed the quantity of streamflow in our Nation's streams since the agency's inception in 1879. Because of ongoing collection and assessment of streamflow data, the USGS can provide information about a range of surface-water issues including the suitability of water for public supply and irrigation and the effects of agriculture and urbanization on streamflow. As part of its streamflow-data collection activities, the USGS measured streamflow in multiple streams during extreme flood events in Arkansas in the spring of 2008. The analysis of streamflow information collected during flood events such as these provides a scientific basis for decision making related to resource management and restoration. Additionally, this information can be used by water-resource managers to better define flood-hazard areas and to design bridges, culverts, dams, levees, and other structures.\r\n\r\nWater levels (stage) and streamflow (discharge) currently are being monitored in near real-time at approximately 150 locations in Arkansas. The streamflow-gaging stations measure and record hydrologic data at 15-minute or hourly intervals; the data then are transmitted through satellites to the USGS database and displayed on the internet every 1 to 4 hours. Streamflow-gaging stations in Arkansas are part of a network of over 7,500 active streamflow-gaging stations operated by the USGS throughout the United States in cooperation with other Federal, State, and local government agencies. In Arkansas, the major supporters of the streamflow-gaging network are the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Arkansas Natural Resources Commission, Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality, and Arkansas Geological Survey. Many other Federal, State, and local government entities provide additional support for streamflow-gaging stations. It is the combined support of the USGS and all funding partners that make it possible to maintain an adequate streamflow-gaging network in Arkansas. Data collected over the years at streamflow-gaging stations can be used to characterize the relative magnitude of flood events and their statistical frequency of occurrence. These analyses provide water-resource managers with accurate and reliable hydrologic information based on present and historical flow conditions. Continued collection of streamflow data, with consideration of changes in land use, agricultural practices, and climate change, will help scientists to more accurately characterize the magnitude of extreme floods in the future.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20083103","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Little Rock and Memphis Districts","usgsCitation":"Funkhouser, J.E., and Eng, K., 2009, Floods of Selected Streams in Arkansas, Spring 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2008-3103, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20083103.","productDescription":"4 p.","temporalStart":"2008-03-01","temporalEnd":"2008-04-30","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124641,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2008_3103.jpg"},{"id":12328,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3103/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95,32.5 ], [ -95,37 ], [ -89,37 ], [ -89,32.5 ], [ -95,32.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d8e4b07f02db5df7ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Funkhouser, Jaysson E. jefunkho@usgs.gov","contributorId":772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funkhouser","given":"Jaysson","email":"jefunkho@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eng, Ken","contributorId":89480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eng","given":"Ken","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97268,"text":"sir20095002 - 2009 - Water use in Georgia by county for 2005; and water-use trends, 1980-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-26T14:25:31.406981","indexId":"sir20095002","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5002","title":"Water use in Georgia by county for 2005; and water-use trends, 1980-2005","docAbstract":"Water use for 2005 for each county in Georgia was estimated using data obtained from various Federal and State agencies and local sources. Total consumptive water use also was estimated for each county in Georgia for 2005. Estimates of offstream water use include the categories of public supply, domestic, commercial, industrial, mining, irrigation, livestock, and thermoelectric power. The only category of instream use estimated was hydroelectric-power generation.
Total offstream water use from ground- and surface-water sources was about 5,471 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) in 2005. Surface water used in the process of thermoelectric-power generation was the largest volume of water withdrawn with withdrawals of 2,717 Mgal/d in 2005. Estimated instream water use for hydroelectric-power generation was 54,096 Mgal/d. Withdrawals for irrigation totaled 752 Mgal/d with 65 percent supplied by ground-water sources. Surface water provided 78 percent of the 1,180 Mgal/d withdrawn for public supply. Many counties in the northern Piedmont physiographic province of Georgia, an area of dense population, had a large percentage of withdrawals from surface-water sources. In contrast, in the southern Coastal Plain physiographic province part of the State, many counties had more withdrawals from ground-water sources.
As part of the Georgia Water-Use Program, statewide water-use estimates have been compiled every 5 years since 1980. During this period, water use was greatest in 1980 at 6,725 Mgal/d. Water use decreased by 31 percent to 5,353 Mgal/d in 1990 then increased to 6,487 Mgal/d in 2000. By 2005, water withdrawals had decreased to an estimated 5,471 Mgal/d primarily because of a decline in withdrawals for thermoelectric-power generation and a decline in demands as 2005 was a normal year for precipitation compared to 2000, which was in drought. Throughout the period 1980–2005, water withdrawn for thermoelectric-power generation made up the largest volume of offstream water use in Georgia. Total withdrawals for thermoelectric-power generation decreased about 24 percent in 2005 compared to 2000, due to the decommissioning of three power plants in the State. In addition, several plants operated by Georgia Power Company were retooled during this period to increase water conservation. Public-supply use steadily increased from 1980 to 2000, concurrent with increasing population in the State; however, in 2005, there was a slight decrease in public-supply use. Conversely, industrial water use decreased during the period 1980–2005. Water withdrawals for irrigation during 1980–2005 followed changing hydrologic conditions, increasing during drier years (1980 and 2000) and decreasing during normal or wetter years. Withdrawals for the categories of domestic and commercial use remained about the same during 1980–2005. Livestock and mining use increased in 2005 compared to the 2000 estimates because of changes in estimation techniques.
Consumptive water use was determined for each category of use and compiled for each county. Estimation techniques vary for each water-use category. While consumptive use varied for each county in 2005, from about 1 percent to nearly 100 percent of total withdrawals, consumptive-use estimates for the entire State totaled 1,310 Mgal/d, about 24 percent of total withdrawals.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20095002","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Environmental Protection Division","usgsCitation":"Fanning, J.L., and Trent, V.P., 2009, Water use in Georgia by county for 2005; and water-use trends, 1980-2005: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5002, iv, 186 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095002.","productDescription":"iv, 186 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123178,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5002.jpg"},{"id":411011,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_96493.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110963,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd1a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fanning, Julia L.","contributorId":73981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fanning","given":"Julia","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trent, Victoria P.","contributorId":59141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trent","given":"Victoria","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97262,"text":"ofr20081364 - 2009 - Investigation of coastal hydrogeology utilizing geophysical and geochemical tools along the Broward County coast, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-07T17:08:10.560415","indexId":"ofr20081364","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1364","title":"Investigation of coastal hydrogeology utilizing geophysical and geochemical tools along the Broward County coast, Florida","docAbstract":"Geophysical (CHIRP, boomer, and continuous direct-current resistivity) and geochemical tracer studies (continuous and time-series 222Radon) were conducted along the Broward County coast from Port Everglades to Hillsboro Inlet, Florida. Simultaneous seismic, direct-current resistivity, and radon surveys in the coastal waters provided information to characterize the geologic framework and identify potential groundwater-discharge sites. Time-series radon at the Nova Southeastern University National Coral Reef Institute (NSU/NCRI) seawall indicated a very strong tidally modulated discharge of ground water with 222Rn activities ranging from 4 to 10 disintegrations per minute per liter depending on tidal stage. CHIRP seismic data provided very detailed bottom profiles (i.e., bathymetry); however, acoustic penetration was poor and resulted in no observed subsurface geologic structure. Boomer data, on the other hand, showed features that are indicative of karst, antecedent topography (buried reefs), and sand-filled troughs. Continuous resistivity profiling (CRP) data showed slight variability in the subsurface along the coast. Subtle changes in subsurface resistivity between nearshore (higher values) and offshore (lower values) profiles may indicate either a freshening of subsurface water nearshore or a change in sediment porosity or lithology. Further lithologic and hydrologic controls from sediment or rock cores or well data are needed to constrain the variability in CRP data.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081364","usgsCitation":"Reich, C.D., Swarzenski, P.W., Greenwood, W.J., and Wiese, D.S., 2009, Investigation of coastal hydrogeology utilizing geophysical and geochemical tools along the Broward County coast, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1364, Report: v, 21 p.; 3 Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081364.","productDescription":"Report: v, 21 p.; 3 Appendixes","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":12312,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1364/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":388198,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86340.htm"},{"id":198107,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Broward County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.14114379882812,\n 25.96792222903405\n ],\n [\n -79.969482421875,\n 25.96792222903405\n ],\n [\n -79.969482421875,\n 26.295877391487554\n ],\n [\n -80.14114379882812,\n 26.295877391487554\n ],\n [\n -80.14114379882812,\n 25.96792222903405\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48b2e4b07f02db530d58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reich, Christopher D. 0000-0002-2534-1456 creich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2534-1456","contributorId":900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reich","given":"Christopher","email":"creich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swarzenski, Peter W. 0000-0003-0116-0578 pswarzen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":1070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"Peter","email":"pswarzen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Greenwood, W. Jason","contributorId":40315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenwood","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jason","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wiese, Dana S. dwiese@usgs.gov","contributorId":2476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiese","given":"Dana","email":"dwiese@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70154983,"text":"70154983 - 2009 - The ecology, restoration, and management of southeastern floodplain ecosystems: A synthesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-31T15:15:44.454957","indexId":"70154983","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The ecology, restoration, and management of southeastern floodplain ecosystems: A synthesis","docAbstract":"Floodplain ecosystems of the southeastern United States provide numerous services to society, but hydrologic and geomorphic alterations, agricultural practices, water quality and availability, and urban development continue to challenge restorationists and managers at multiple spatial and temporal scales. These challenges are further exacerbated by tremendous uncertainty regarding climate and land use patterns and natural variability in these systems. The symposium from which the papers in 2009 ensued was organized to provide a critical evaluation of current natural resource restoration and management practices to support the sustainability of floodplain ecosystem functions in the southeastern United States. In this paper we synthesize these concepts and evaluate restoration and conservation techniques in light of our understanding of these ecosystems. We also discuss current and future challenges and attempt to identify new approaches that may facilitate the long-term sustainability of southeastern floodplain systems. We conclude that integration of disciplines and approaches is necessary to meet the floodplain conservation challenges of the coming century. Integration will not only include purposeful dialogue between interdisciplinary natural resource professionals, but it also is necessary to sincerely engage the public about goals, objectives, and desirable outcomes of floodplain ecosystem restoration.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1672/08-223.1","usgsCitation":"King, S.L., Sharitz, R.R., Groninger, J.W., and Battaglia, L.L., 2009, The ecology, restoration, and management of southeastern floodplain ecosystems: A synthesis: Wetlands, v. 29, no. 2, p. 624-634, https://doi.org/10.1672/08-223.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"624","endPage":"634","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-010296","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305893,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Southeastern Floodplain systems","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.95556640625,\n 37.90953361677018\n ],\n [\n -93.0322265625,\n 29.094577077511826\n ],\n [\n -89.97802734375,\n 28.97931203672246\n ],\n [\n -86.98974609375,\n 30.050076521698735\n ],\n [\n -84.7705078125,\n 29.516110386062277\n ],\n [\n -83.8916015625,\n 29.7453016622136\n ],\n [\n -83.27636718749999,\n 28.555576049185973\n ],\n [\n -81.82617187499999,\n 25.16517336866393\n ],\n [\n -80.5517578125,\n 24.84656534821976\n ],\n [\n -80.00244140625,\n 28.07198030177986\n ],\n [\n -81.0791015625,\n 31.147006308556566\n ],\n [\n -75.146484375,\n 35.8356283888737\n ],\n [\n -74.970703125,\n 39.04478604850143\n ],\n [\n -86.50634765625,\n 39.2832938689385\n ],\n [\n -91.95556640625,\n 39.45316112807394\n ],\n [\n -91.95556640625,\n 37.90953361677018\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55b0beafe4b09a3b01b530a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, Sammy L. 0000-0002-5364-6361 sking@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5364-6361","contributorId":557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Sammy","email":"sking@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sharitz, Rebecca R.","contributorId":44598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharitz","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Groninger, John W.","contributorId":70208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groninger","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Battaglia, Loretta L.","contributorId":8307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglia","given":"Loretta","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":97249,"text":"ofr20091015 - 2009 - Preliminary geologic map of the Laredo, Crystal City–Eagle Pass, San Antonio, and Del Rio 1° x 2° quadrangles, Texas, and the Nuevo Laredo, Ciudad Acuña, Piedras Negras, and Nueva Rosita 1° x 2° quadrangles, Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-09T19:03:40.201765","indexId":"ofr20091015","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1015","title":"Preliminary geologic map of the Laredo, Crystal City–Eagle Pass, San Antonio, and Del Rio 1° x 2° quadrangles, Texas, and the Nuevo Laredo, Ciudad Acuña, Piedras Negras, and Nueva Rosita 1° x 2° quadrangles, Mexico","docAbstract":"The purpose of this map is to provide an integrated, bi-national geologic map dataset for display and analyses on an Arc Internet Map Service (IMS) dedicated to environmental health studies in the United States-Mexico border region. The IMS web site was designed by the US-Mexico Border Environmental Health Initiative project and collaborators, and the IMS and project web site address is http://borderhealth.cr.usgs.gov/. The objective of the project is to acquire, evaluate, analyze, and provide earth, biologic, and human health resources data within a GIS framework (IMS) to further our understanding of possible linkages between the physical environment and public health issues. The geologic map dataset is just one of many datasets included in the web site; other datasets include biologic, hydrologic, geographic, and human health themes.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091015","usgsCitation":"Page, W.R., Berry, M.E., VanSistine, D., and Snyders, S.R., 2009, Preliminary geologic map of the Laredo, Crystal City–Eagle Pass, San Antonio, and Del Rio 1° x 2° quadrangles, Texas, and the Nuevo Laredo, Ciudad Acuña, Piedras Negras, and Nueva Rosita 1° x 2° quadrangles, Mexico (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1015, iii, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091015.","productDescription":"iii, 10 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":230,"text":"Earth Surface Processes Team - Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":389014,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86347.htm"},{"id":195185,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12308,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1015/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"50000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","country":"Mexico, United States","otherGeospatial":"Laredo, Crystal City–Eagle Pass, San Antonio, and Del Rio 1° x 2° quadrangles, Nuevo Laredo, Ciudad Acuña, Piedras Negras, and Nueva Rosita 1° x 2° quadrangles","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -102,27 ], [ -102,30 ], [ -98,30 ], [ -98,27 ], [ -102,27 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e6f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Page, William R. 0000-0002-0722-9911 rpage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0722-9911","contributorId":1628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"William","email":"rpage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berry, Margaret E. 0000-0002-4113-8212 meberry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4113-8212","contributorId":1544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"Margaret","email":"meberry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"VanSistine, D. Paco 0000-0003-1166-2547","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1166-2547","contributorId":61906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanSistine","given":"D. Paco","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Snyders, Scott R.","contributorId":33792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyders","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":97236,"text":"cir1331 - 2009 - Climate Change and Water Resources Management: A Federal Perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:05","indexId":"cir1331","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1331","title":"Climate Change and Water Resources Management: A Federal Perspective","docAbstract":"Many challenges, including climate change, face the Nation's water managers. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has provided estimates of how climate may change, but more understanding of the processes driving the changes, the sequences of the changes, and the manifestation of these global changes at different scales could be beneficial. Since the changes will likely affect fundamental drivers of the hydrological cycle, climate change may have a large impact on water resources and water resources managers.\r\n\r\nThe purpose of this interagency report prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation), and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is to explore strategies to improve water management by tracking, anticipating, and responding to climate change. This report describes the existing and still needed underpinning science crucial to addressing the many impacts of climate change on water resources management.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir1331","isbn":"9781411323254","usgsCitation":"Brekke, L., Kiang, J.E., Olsen, J., Pulwarty, R.S., Raff, D.A., Turnipseed, D.P., Webb, R.S., and White, K.D., 2009, Climate Change and Water Resources Management: A Federal Perspective: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1331, viii, 66 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1331.","productDescription":"viii, 66 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121090,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir_1331.jpg"},{"id":12287,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1331/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4887e4b07f02db519e70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brekke, Levi D.","contributorId":35847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brekke","given":"Levi D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kiang, Julie E. 0000-0003-0653-4225 jkiang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0653-4225","contributorId":2179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kiang","given":"Julie","email":"jkiang@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olsen, J. Rolf","contributorId":40311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"J. Rolf","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pulwarty, Roger S.","contributorId":30715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pulwarty","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Raff, David A.","contributorId":14536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raff","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Turnipseed, D. Phil 0000-0002-9737-3203 pturnip@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9737-3203","contributorId":298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turnipseed","given":"D.","email":"pturnip@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Phil","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Webb, Robert S.","contributorId":72894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"White, Kathleen D.","contributorId":88451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":97226,"text":"sir20085049 - 2009 - Three-dimensional numerical model of ground-water flow in northern Utah Valley, Utah County, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-19T16:36:08","indexId":"sir20085049","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5049","title":"Three-dimensional numerical model of ground-water flow in northern Utah Valley, Utah County, Utah","docAbstract":"A three-dimensional, finite-difference, numerical model was developed to simulate ground-water flow in northern Utah Valley, Utah. The model includes expanded areal boundaries as compared to a previous ground-water flow model of the valley and incorporates more than 20 years of additional hydrologic data. The model boundary was generally expanded to include the bedrock in the surrounding mountain block as far as the surface-water divide. New wells have been drilled in basin-fill deposits near the consolidated-rock boundary. Simulating the hydrologic conditions within the bedrock allows for improved simulation of the effect of withdrawal from these wells. The inclusion of bedrock also allowed for the use of a recharge model that provided an alternative method for spatially distributing areal recharge over the mountains.
The model was calibrated to steady- and transient-state conditions. The steady-state simulation was developed and calibrated by using hydrologic data that represented average conditions for 1947. The transient-state simulation was developed and calibrated by using hydrologic data collected from 1947 to 2004. Areally, the model grid is 79 rows by 70 columns, with variable cell size. Cells throughout most of the model domain represent 0.3 mile on each side. The largest cells are rectangular with dimensions of about 0.3 by 0.6 mile. The largest cells represent the mountain block on the eastern edge of the model domain where the least hydrologic data are available. Vertically, the aquifer system is divided into 4 layers which incorporate 11 hydrogeologic units. The model simulates recharge to the ground-water flow system as (1) infiltration of precipitation over the mountain block, (2) infiltration of precipitation over the valley floor, (3) infiltration of unconsumed irrigation water from fields, lawns, and gardens, (4) seepage from streams and canals, and (5) subsurface inflow from Cedar Valley. Discharge of ground water is simulated by the model to (1) flowing and pumping wells, (2) drains and springs, (3) evapotranspiration, (4) Utah Lake, (5) the Jordan River and mountain streams, and (6) Salt Lake Valley by subsurface outflow through the Jordan Narrows.
During steady-state calibration, variables were adjusted within probable ranges to minimize differences between model-computed and measured water levels as well as between model-computed and independently estimated flows that include: recharge by seepage from individual streams and canals, discharge by seepage to individual streams and the Jordan River, discharge to Utah Lake, discharge to drains and springs, discharge by evapotranspiration, and subsurface flows into and out of northern Utah Valley from Cedar Valley and to Salt Lake Valley, respectively. The transient-state simulation was calibrated to measured water levels and water-level changes with consideration given to annual changes in the flows listed above.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20085049","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Central Utah Water Conservancy District; Jordan Valley Water Conservancy District representing Draper City; Highland Water Company; Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights; and the municipalities of Alpine, American Fork, Cedar Hills, Eagle Mountain, Highland, Lehi, Lindon, Orem, Pleasant Grove, Provo, Saratoga Springs, and Vinyard","usgsCitation":"Gardner, P.M., 2009, Three-dimensional numerical model of ground-water flow in northern Utah Valley, Utah County, Utah (Version 2.0 January 2011): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5049, viii, 95 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085049.","productDescription":"viii, 95 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124653,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2008_5049.jpg"},{"id":12276,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5049/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Utah County","otherGeospatial":"Utah Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.25,40 ], [ -112.25,40.583333333333336 ], [ -111.25,40.583333333333336 ], [ -111.25,40 ], [ -112.25,40 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 2.0 January 2011","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b910","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gardner, Philip M. 0000-0003-3005-3587 pgardner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3005-3587","contributorId":962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"Philip","email":"pgardner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97228,"text":"sir20085197 - 2009 - Hydrology of Northern Utah Valley, Utah County, Utah, 1975-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-25T11:58:42","indexId":"sir20085197","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5197","title":"Hydrology of Northern Utah Valley, Utah County, Utah, 1975-2005","docAbstract":"The ground-water resources of northern Utah Valley, Utah, were assessed during 2003-05 to describe and quantify components of the hydrologic system, determine a hydrologic budget for the basin-fill aquifer, and evaluate changes to the system relative to previous studies. Northern Utah Valley is a horst and graben structure with ground water occurring in both the mountain-block uplands surrounding the valley and in the unconsolidated basin-fill sediments. The principal aquifer in northern Utah Valley occurs in the unconsolidated basin-fill deposits where a deeper unconfined aquifer occurs near the mountain front and laterally grades into multiple confined aquifers near the center of the valley.\r\n\r\nSources of water to the basin-fill aquifers occur predominantly as either infiltration of streamflow at or near the interface of the mountain front and valley or as subsurface inflow from the adjacent mountain blocks. Sources of water to the basin-fill aquifers were estimated to average 153,000 (+/- 31,500) acre-feet annually during 1975-2004 with subsurface inflow and infiltration of streamflow being the predominant sources. Discharge from the basin-fill aquifers occurs in the valley lowlands as flow to waterways, drains, ditches, springs, as diffuse seepage, and as discharge from flowing and pumping wells. Ground-water discharge from the basin-fill aquifers during 1975-2004 was estimated to average 166,700 (+/- 25,900) acre-feet/year where discharge to wells for consumptive use and discharge to waterways, drains, ditches, and springs were the principal sources.\r\n\r\nMeasured water levels in wells in northern Utah Valley declined an average of 22 feet from 1981 to 2004. Water-level declines are consistent with a severe regional drought beginning in 1999 and continuing through 2004. Water samples were collected from 36 wells and springs throughout the study area along expected flowpaths. Water samples collected from 34 wells were analyzed for dissolved major ions, nutrients, and stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen. Water samples from all 36 wells were analyzed for dissolved-gas concentration including noble gases and tritium/helium-3. Within the basin fill, dissolved-solids concentration generally increases with distance along flowpaths from recharge areas, and shallower flowpaths tend to have higher concentrations than deeper flowpaths. Nitrate concentrations generally are at or below natural background levels. Dissolved-gas recharge temperature data support the conceptual model of the basin-fill aquifers and highlight complexities of recharge patterns in different parts of the valley. Dissolved-gas data indicate that the highest elevation recharge sources for the basin-fill aquifer are subsurface inflow derived from recharge in the adjacent mountain block between the mouths of American Fork and Provo Canyons. Apparent ground-water ages in the basin-fill aquifer, as calculated using tritium/helium-3 data, range from 2 to more than 50 years. The youngest waters in the valley occur near the mountain fronts with apparent ages generally increasing near the valley lowlands and discharge area around Utah Lake.\r\n\r\nFlowpaths are controlled by aquifer properties and the location of the predominant recharge sources, including subsurface inflow and recharge along the mountain front. Subsurface inflow is distributed over a larger area across the interface of the subsurface mountain block and basin-fill deposits. Subsurface inflow occurs at a depth deeper than that at which mountain-front recharge occurs. Recharge along the mountain front is often localized and focused over areas where streams and creeks enter the valley, and recharge is enhanced by the associated irrigation canals.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20085197","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Central Utah Water Conservancy District; Jordan Valley Water Conservancy District representing Draper City; Highland Water Company; Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights; and the municipalities of Alpine, American Fork, Cedar Hills, Eagle Mountain, Highland, Lehi, Lindon, Orem, Pleasant Grove, Provo, Saratoga Springs, and Vineyard","usgsCitation":"Cederberg, J.R., Gardner, P.M., and Thiros, S.A., 2009, Hydrology of Northern Utah Valley, Utah County, Utah, 1975-2005 (Version 2.0, Revised Feb 2009): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5197, x, 114 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085197.","productDescription":"x, 114 p.","temporalStart":"1975-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195791,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12278,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5197/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Utah County","otherGeospatial":"Utah Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.25,40 ], [ -112.25,40.583333333333336 ], [ -111.25,40.583333333333336 ], [ -111.25,40 ], [ -112.25,40 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 2.0, Revised Feb 2009","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e478fe4b07f02db48a36b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cederberg, Jay R. 0000-0001-6649-7353 cederber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6649-7353","contributorId":964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cederberg","given":"Jay","email":"cederber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gardner, Philip M. 0000-0003-3005-3587 pgardner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3005-3587","contributorId":962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"Philip","email":"pgardner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thiros, Susan A. 0000-0002-8544-553X sthiros@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8544-553X","contributorId":965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thiros","given":"Susan","email":"sthiros@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70199705,"text":"70199705 - 2009 - Why are diverse relationships observed between phytoplankton biomass and transport time?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-08T09:00:48","indexId":"70199705","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-14T09:07:24","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Why are diverse relationships observed between phytoplankton biomass and transport time?","docAbstract":"Transport time scales such as flushing time and residence time are often used to explain variability in phytoplankton biomass. In many cases, empirical data are consistent with a positive phytoplankton‐transport time relationship (i.e., phytoplankton biomass increases as transport time increases). However, negative relationships, varying relationships, or no significant relationship may also be observed. We present a simple conceptual model, in both mathematical and graphical form, to help explain why phytoplankton may have a range of relationships with transport time, and we apply it to several real systems. The phytoplankton growth‐loss balance determines whether phytoplankton biomass increases with, decreases with, or is insensitive to transport time. If algal growth is faster than loss (e.g., grazing, sedimentation), then phytoplankton biomass increases with increasing transport time. If loss is faster than growth, phytoplankton biomass decreases with increasing transport time. If growth and loss are approximately balanced, then phytoplankton biomass is relatively insensitive to transport time. In analyses of several systems, portions of an individual system, or time periods, apparent insensitivity of phytoplankton biomass to changes in transport time could arise due to the superposition of cases with different phytoplankton‐transport time relationships. Thus, in order to understand or predict responses of phytoplankton biomass to changes in transport time, the relative rates of algal growth and loss must be known.
","language":"English","publisher":"Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography","doi":"10.4319/lo.2009.54.1.0381","usgsCitation":"Lucas, L.V., Thompson, J.K., and Brown, L.R., 2009, Why are diverse relationships observed between phytoplankton biomass and transport time?: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 54, no. 1, p. 381-390, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2009.54.1.0381.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"381","endPage":"390","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476103,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2009.54.1.0381","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":357735,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"54","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-01-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10cd70e4b034bf6a7f8b47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lucas, Lisa V.","contributorId":80992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucas","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, Janet K. 0000-0002-1528-8452 jthompso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1528-8452","contributorId":1009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Janet","email":"jthompso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Larry R. 0000-0001-6702-4531 lrbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-4531","contributorId":1717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Larry","email":"lrbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70156870,"text":"70156870 - 2009 - Nutrient dynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-07T16:19:32.237679","indexId":"70156870","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-09T23:45:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Nutrient dynamics","docAbstract":"This chapter focuses on the variability and trends in chemical concentrations and fluxes at Mirror Lake during the period 1981–2000. It examines the water and chemical budgets of Mirror Lake to identify and understand better long-term trends in the chemical characteristics of the lake. It also identifies the causes of changes in nutrient concentrations and examines the contribution of hydrologic pathways to the contamination of Mirror Lake by road salt. The role of groundwater and precipitation on water and chemical budgets of the lake are also examined.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mirror Lake: Interactions among air, land, and water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of California Press","publisherLocation":"Oakland, CA","doi":"10.1525/california/9780520261198.003.0003","usgsCitation":"Likens, G.E., LaBaugh, J.W., Buso, D.C., and Bade, D., 2009, Nutrient dynamics, chap. of Mirror Lake: Interactions among air, land, and water, p. 69-204, https://doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520261198.003.0003.","productDescription":"137 p.","startPage":"69","endPage":"204","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310555,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mirror Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.54925298690796,\n 37.74996778349549\n ],\n [\n -119.54991817474364,\n 37.74987446842912\n ],\n [\n -119.55033659934998,\n 37.748559561800654\n ],\n [\n -119.54941391944885,\n 37.74821174388173\n ],\n [\n -119.54962849617004,\n 37.74772818942464\n ],\n [\n -119.55081939697267,\n 37.74715131330766\n ],\n [\n -119.55094814300537,\n 37.74661685053925\n ],\n [\n -119.55050826072693,\n 37.746319925111216\n ],\n [\n -119.55043315887451,\n 37.74676107103159\n ],\n [\n -119.5498538017273,\n 37.74709192874621\n ],\n [\n -119.54911351203917,\n 37.74774515630119\n ],\n [\n -119.54871654510497,\n 37.748856478242885\n ],\n [\n -119.54855561256407,\n 37.74928064252237\n ],\n [\n -119.54895257949828,\n 37.74946727403511\n ],\n [\n -119.54895257949828,\n 37.75001019939585\n ],\n [\n -119.54933881759644,\n 37.74996778349549\n ],\n [\n -119.54925298690796,\n 37.74996778349549\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"562a08dfe4b011227bf1fda6","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Winter, Thomas C.","contributorId":84736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570893,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Likens, Gene E.","contributorId":56363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Likens","given":"Gene","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570894,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Likens, Gene E.","contributorId":56363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Likens","given":"Gene","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LaBaugh, James W. 0000-0002-4112-2536 jlabaugh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4112-2536","contributorId":1311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaBaugh","given":"James","email":"jlabaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buso, Donald C.","contributorId":33212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buso","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bade, Darren","contributorId":147259,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bade","given":"Darren","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70045981,"text":"70045981 - 2009 - Comparison of groundwater flow in Southern California coastal aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-14T16:59:27.793515","indexId":"70045981","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-07T06:30:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Comparison of groundwater flow in Southern California coastal aquifers","docAbstract":"Development of the coastal aquifer systems of Southern California has resulted in overdraft, changes in streamflow, seawater intrusion, land subsidence, increased vertical flow between aquifers, and a redirection of regional flow toward pumping centers. These water-management challenges can be more effectively addressed by incorporating new understanding of the geologic, hydrologic, and geochemical setting of these aquifers.
\nGroundwater and surface-water flow are controlled, in part, by the geologic setting. The physiographic province and related tectonic fabric control the relation between the direction of geomorphic features and the flow of water. Geologic structures such as faults and folding also control the direction of flow and connectivity of groundwater flow. The layering of sediments and their structural association can also influence pathways of groundwater flow and seawater intrusion. Submarine canyons control the shortest potential flow paths that can result in seawater intrusion. The location and extent of offshore outcrops can also affect the flow of groundwater and the potential for seawater intrusion and land subsidence in coastal aquifer systems.
\nAs coastal aquifer systems are developed, the source and movement of ground-water and surface-water resources change. In particular, groundwater flow is affected by the relative contributions of different types of inflows and outflows, such as pump-age from multi-aquifer wells within basal or upper coarse-grained units, streamflow infiltration, and artificial recharge. These natural and anthropogenic inflows and outflows represent the supply and demand components of the water budgets of ground-water within coastal watersheds. They are all significantly controlled by climate variability related to major climate cycles, such as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. The combination of natural forcings and anthropogenic stresses redirects the flow of groundwater and either mitigates or exacerbates the potential adverse effects of resource development, such as declining water levels, sea-water intrusion, land subsidence, and mixing of different waters. Streamflow also has been affected by development of coastal aquifer systems and related conjunctive use.
\nSaline water is the largest water-quality problem in Southern California coastal aquifer systems. Seawater intrusion is a significant source of saline water, but saline water is also known to come from other sources and processes. Seawater intrusion is typically restricted to the coarse-grained units at the base of fining-upward sequences of terrestrial deposits, and at the top of coarsening upward sequences of marine deposits. This results in layered and narrow intrusion fronts.
\nMaintaining the sustainability of Southern California coastal aquifers requires joint management of surface water and groundwater (conjunctive use). This requires new data collection and analyses (including research drilling, modern geohydrologic investigations, and development of detailed computer groundwater models that simulate the supply and demand components separately), implementation of new facilities (including spreading and injection facilities for artificial recharge), and establishment of new institutions and policies that help to sustain the water resources and better manage regional development.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth science in the urban ocean: The Southern California continental borderland","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2009.2454(5.3)","usgsCitation":"Hanson, R.T., Izbicki, J., Reichard, E.G., Edwards, B.D., Land, M., and Martin, P., 2009, Comparison of groundwater flow in Southern California coastal aquifers, chap. of Earth science in the urban ocean: The Southern California continental borderland, v. 454, p. 345-373, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.2454(5.3).","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"345","endPage":"373","numberOfPages":"29","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-002213","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320537,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.55041319190444,\n 35.01486276104701\n ],\n [\n -118.41696759712761,\n 34.83837527904167\n ],\n [\n -119.25040527348904,\n 34.28384187151697\n ],\n [\n -119.32767764083371,\n 34.210842379227316\n ],\n [\n -117.83742484204195,\n 33.58319992884715\n ],\n [\n -117.02606498492199,\n 32.61685755837884\n ],\n [\n -115.82834329107835,\n 32.733007144105244\n ],\n [\n -117.55041319190444,\n 35.01034218480635\n ],\n [\n -117.55041319190444,\n 35.01486276104701\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"454","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"571f3fb2e4b071321fe56a0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanson, Randall T. 0000-0002-9819-7141 rthanson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9819-7141","contributorId":801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"Randall","email":"rthanson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Izbicki, John A. 0000-0003-0816-4408 jaizbick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":1375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"John A.","email":"jaizbick@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":627625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reichard, Eric G. 0000-0002-7310-3866 egreich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7310-3866","contributorId":1207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reichard","given":"Eric","email":"egreich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":627626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Edwards, Brian D. bedwards@usgs.gov","contributorId":3161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Brian","email":"bedwards@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Land, Michael 0000-0001-5141-0307 mtland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5141-0307","contributorId":1479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Land","given":"Michael","email":"mtland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":627628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Martin, Peter pmmartin@usgs.gov","contributorId":799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Peter","email":"pmmartin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70200021,"text":"70200021 - 2009 - Calibrating biomonitors to ecological disturbance: a new technique for explaining metal effects in natural waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T16:32:17","indexId":"70200021","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T16:10:50","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2006,"text":"Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calibrating biomonitors to ecological disturbance: a new technique for explaining metal effects in natural waters","docAbstract":"Bioaccumulated toxic metals in tolerant biomonitors are indicators of metal bioavailability and can be calibrated against metal‐specific responses in sensitive species, thus creating a tool for defining dose–response for metals in a field setting. Dose–response curves that define metal toxicity in natural waters are rare. Demonstrating cause and effect under field conditions and integrated chemical measures of metal bioavailability from food and water is problematic. The total bioaccumulated metal concentration in any organism that is a net accumulator of the metal is informative about metal bioavailability summed across exposure routes. However, there is typically no one universal metal concentration that is indicative of toxicity, especially across species, largely because of interspecies differences in detoxification. Stressed organisms are also only present across a narrow range in the dose–response curve, limiting the use of singles species as both biomonitors and bioindicator of stress. Herein we show, in 3 field settings, that bioaccumulated Cu concentrations in a metal‐tolerant, riverine biomonitor (species of the caddisfly genus Hydropsyche spp.) can be calibrated against metal‐specific ecological responses across very wide ranges of contamination. Using the calibrated dose–response, we show that reduced abundance of species and individuals from particularly sensitive mayfly families (heptageniid mayflies) is more than 2‐fold more sensitive to bioavailable Cu than other traditional measures of stress like EPT or total number of benthic macroinvertebrate species. We propose that this field dose‐response curve be tested more widely for general application, and that calibrations against other stress responses be developed for biomonitors from lakes, estuaries, and coastal marine ecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1897/IEAM_2009-067.1","usgsCitation":"Luoma, S.N., Cain, D.J., and Rainbow, P.S., 2009, Calibrating biomonitors to ecological disturbance: a new technique for explaining metal effects in natural waters: Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, v. 6, no. 2, p. 199-209, https://doi.org/10.1897/IEAM_2009-067.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"199","endPage":"209","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476106,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1897/ieam_2009-067.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":358261,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10cd71e4b034bf6a7f8b4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cain, Daniel J. 0000-0002-3443-0493 djcain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3443-0493","contributorId":1784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"Daniel","email":"djcain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rainbow, Philip S.","contributorId":83025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rainbow","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70210876,"text":"sir20085005 - 2009 - Hydrologic conditions and a firm-yield assessment for J.B. Converse Lake, Mobile County, Alabama, 1991-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-03T15:48:22.48054","indexId":"sir20085005","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T14:56:09","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5005","title":"Hydrologic conditions and a firm-yield assessment for J.B. Converse Lake, Mobile County, Alabama, 1991-2006","docAbstract":"J.B. Converse (Converse) Lake is the primary source of drinking water for the city of Mobile, Alabama. Concerns regarding the ability of the reservoir to meet current and future water demands during drought conditions have prompted this study. The 1991 through 2006 water years included a drought that occurred during 2000, and drought conditions currently (2007) are affecting the area. To assist officials of the Mobile Area Water and Sewer System in planning for future demands for drinking water in the Mobile metropolitan area, the firm yield for Converse Lake was estimated by the U.S. Geological Survey.
The firm yield of Converse Lake was estimated using the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection’s firm-yield-estimator (FYE) model, which recently was refined by the U.S. Geological Survey. The model uses a mass-balance approach to determine the maximum average daily withdrawal rate that can be sustained during a period of record that includes a drought of record. If the reservoir is in contact with an aquifer, the FYE also includes routines that estimate the volume of ground-water and surface-water exchange between the aquifer and the reservoir.
The average daily firm yield for Converse Lake was estimated to be 79 million gallons per day using the FYE routine that does not include ground-water exchange between the reservoir and the adjacent aquifer. Observed lake levels and withdrawals during the drought of 2000 indicate that more than 74 million gallons per day of water were withdrawn without complete depletion of reservoir storage. Therefore, it is likely that ground-water exchange with the reservoir may supplement available reservoir storage. If water exchange occurs between the aquifer and the reservoir, an increase in the volume of water available to the reservoir may occur during a drought. To quantify the potential ground-water contribution to reservoir storage, an analytical solution was applied to the FYE simulation of Converse Lake to estimate ground-water exchange between the reservoir and the aquifer. Aquifer properties required by the FYE were estimated by model calibration to observed water levels that occurred during the drought of 2000. When ground-water exchange between the reservoir and adjacent aquifer is included, the average daily firm yield increased to 83 million gallons per day.
The estimate of 83 million gallons per day incorporates both total surface-water flow and ground-water exchange components. This analysis indicated that direct ground-water interaction contributes about 5 percent of the firm yield of Converse Lake. However, the average daily firm yield of 83 million gallons per day, based in part on calibrated values for aquifer transmissivity and storage, can be used only as a guideline until these aquifer properties can be defined better by field investigation in the Converse Lake watershed.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085005","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Mobile Area Water and Sewer System","usgsCitation":"Carlson, C.S., and Archfield, S.A., 2009, Hydrologic conditions and a firm-yield assessment for J.B. Converse Lake, Mobile County, Alabama, 1991-2006 (Second Edition): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5005, v, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085005.","productDescription":"v, 21 p.","numberOfPages":"32","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":376032,"rank":4,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_96691.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":376031,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5005/images/cover.jpg"},{"id":376030,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5005/pdf/sir20085005_SecondEdition.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":376029,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5005/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","county":"Mobile County","otherGeospatial":"J.B. Converse Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.38157653808594,\n 30.70287744595804\n ],\n [\n -88.24356079101562,\n 30.70287744595804\n ],\n [\n -88.24356079101562,\n 31\n ],\n [\n -88.38157653808594,\n 31\n ],\n [\n -88.38157653808594,\n 30.70287744595804\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Second Edition","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carlson, Carl S. 0000-0001-7142-3519 cscarlso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7142-3519","contributorId":1694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"Carl","email":"cscarlso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":791914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Archfield, Stacey A. 0000-0002-9011-3871 sarch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9011-3871","contributorId":1874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Archfield","given":"Stacey","email":"sarch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":791915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70198950,"text":"70198950 - 2009 - The Evolution of analytical technology and its impact on water-quality studies for selected herbicides and their degradation products in water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-27T13:08:58","indexId":"70198950","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T13:07:26","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"13","title":"The Evolution of analytical technology and its impact on water-quality studies for selected herbicides and their degradation products in water","docAbstract":"This chapter aims to describe advances in analytical instrumentation and methods for the analyses of herbicides and their degradation products and to assess their impact on major findings of broad surveys of herbicides in water conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey(USGS) over the last two decades. Standards for water purity have been set and continually revised by governments as new contaminants that may impact human health are identified. These water-purity standards have brought continued improvement in water quality of existing water sources by reducing the amount of pollution in drinking water, treating wastewater, diverting wastewater discharge from drinking-water supplies, implementing new filtration practices, and other innovative techniques. It is vital that state-of-the-art instrumentation for analyzing organic contaminants continually be introduced into the marketplace the advancement of analytical instrumentation has given scientists the capability to continually broaden their studies of the fate of herbicides and their degradation products over the last two decades. Studies by many scientists have continually expanded the knowledge of the occurrence, persistence, and transport of herbicides and their degradation products in the hydrologic environment.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Handbook of water purity and quality","language":"English","publisher":"Academic Press","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-374192-9.00013-3","usgsCitation":"Meyer, M.T., and Scribner, E.A., 2009, The Evolution of analytical technology and its impact on water-quality studies for selected herbicides and their degradation products in water, chap. 13 of Handbook of water purity and quality, p. 289-313, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-374192-9.00013-3.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"289","endPage":"313","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356790,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98ba2ee4b0702d0e845330","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Ahuja, Satinder","contributorId":59343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahuja","given":"Satinder","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":743556,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, Michael T. 0000-0001-6006-7985 mmeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-7985","contributorId":866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael","email":"mmeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":743554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scribner, Elisabeth A.","contributorId":80265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scribner","given":"Elisabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":743555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70230294,"text":"70230294 - 2009 - Approaches to modeling weathered regolith","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-06T16:25:16.225578","indexId":"70230294","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T10:43:06","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3281,"text":"Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Approaches to modeling weathered regolith","docAbstract":"Sustainable soils are a requirement for maintaining human civilizations (Carter and Dale 1974; Lal 1989). However, as the “most complicated biomaterial on the planet” (Young and Crawford 2004), soils represent one of the most difficult systems to understand and model with respect to chemical, physical, and biological coupling over time (Fig. 1).
Despite the complexity of these interactions, certain patterns in soil properties and development are universally observed and have been used in soil science as a means for classification. Elemental, mineralogical, or isotopic concentrations in soils plotted versus depth beneath the land surface comprise such patterns. Soil depth profiles are often reported for solid soil materials, and, less frequently, for solutes in soil pore waters. These profiles cross a large range in spatial scales that traditionally have been studied by different disciplines. For example, shallow, biologically active horizons are commonly defined as the soil zone in agronomic studies whereas the mobile layer of the regolith is referred to as soil in geomorphological studies. In contrast, many geochemical studies target chemical weathering to tens or even hundreds of meters in depth, sometimes extending the definition of “soils” to include the entire regolith down to parent bedrock or alluvium.
Soil profiles also exhibit a large range in temporal scales (Amundson 2004; Brantley 2008b). Solid-state profiles document chemical and mineralogical changes integrated over the time scales of evolution of regolith from protolith. This “geologic time” can vary from tens to hundreds of years for weathered material developed on moraines deposited by active glaciers (Anderson et al. 1997), to millions or possibly hundreds of millions of years of regolith evolution as documented in laterites and bauxites on stable cratons (Nahon 1986). In contrast, solute profiles reflect much shorter time scales corresponding to the residence time of the soil water which commonly ranges from days to decades (Stonestrom et al. 1998). Factors impacting soil minerals can therefore be related to geologically old processes while those impacting pore waters are related to contemporary processes.
We first discuss a geochemical frame work for modeling soil profiles, including a simple scheme that depends on the extent of enrichment or depletion. Such profiles are comprised of reaction fronts affected by chemical, hydrologic, geologic and biologic processes that control soil evolution. We then present a hierarchy of models that have been used to interpret both solid state and solute compositions in regolith. The more simple approaches to model depletion in soils, using analytical models, are first described. The most elementary of these is a linear model that calculates rate constants from the slopes of either solid or solute weathering gradients: these rate constants represent lumped parameters that describe weathering in terms of an integrated reaction rate. Two other analytical models are then presented that have been used to fit solid state elemental profiles with exponential and sigmoidal functions. All of these analytical approaches are derived for models of soils as containing a limited number of components, phases, and species.
At a more complex level, numerical models are then presented to elucidate how kinetic and transport parameters as well as chemical, hydrologic, and physical soil data can be incorporated. We consider two forms of these models, first relatively simple spreadsheet calculators and then more sophisticated multi-component, multi-phase reactive-transport numerical codes. Our treatment of reactive transport modeling is relatively cursory, in recognition of the treatment in the chapter by Steefel and Maher (2009, this volume). Because these models incorporate more phases, components, and species than the other approaches and explicitly model the more fundamental reaction mechanisms involved, they generally have a greater need for parameterization. In our conclusion section, we discuss how this hierarchy of approaches can yield generalizations about soils that are often complementary.
Environmental radionuclides—in combination with stable isotopes, geochemistry, and other hydrological techniques—provide a powerful tool, often indispensable, for studying the cycling of water in continental hydrological systems. The use of environmental radionuclides in surface water studies is reviewed in the chapter. The chapter also briefly discusses groundwater and geothermal water taking into consideration the fact that most applications in groundwater and geothermal water studies require the combined use of radioactive and stable isotopes. There are several sources of radionuclides in the environment, and the sources control the ways in which isotopes can be applied to hydrologic systems. Another group of radionuclides that can be utilized are those produced by cosmic-ray spallationin the atmosphere or near-surface lithosphere. Many of these nuclides, such as carbon-14 (14C) and tritium (3H), are also produced by nuclear weapons testing, and it is necessary to separate the two source functions when using them.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Radioactivity in the environment","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S1569-4860(09)01605-2","usgsCitation":"Michel, R.L., 2009, Radionuclides as tracers and timers in surface and groundwater, chap. 5 of Radioactivity in the environment, v. 16, p. 139-230, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1569-4860(09)01605-2.","productDescription":"92 p.","startPage":"139","endPage":"230","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357044,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98ba2ee4b0702d0e845332","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Michel, Robert L. rlmichel@usgs.gov","contributorId":823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michel","given":"Robert","email":"rlmichel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70200362,"text":"70200362 - 2009 - Investigation of river eutrophication as part of a low dissolved oxygen total maximum daily load implementation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-15T10:36:47","indexId":"70200362","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T10:32:05","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3724,"text":"Water Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Investigation of river eutrophication as part of a low dissolved oxygen total maximum daily load implementation","docAbstract":"In the United States, environmentally impaired rivers are subject to regulation under total maximum daily load (TMDL) regulations that specify watershed wide water quality standards. In California, the setting of TMDL standards is accompanied by the development of scientific and management plans directed at achieving specific water quality objectives. The San Joaquin River (SJR) in the Central Valley of California now has a TMDL for dissolved oxygen (DO). Low DO conditions in the SJR are caused in part by excessive phytoplankton growth (eutrophication) in the shallow, upstream portion of the river that create oxygen demand in the deeper estuary. This paper reports on scientific studies that were conducted to develop a mass balance on nutrients and phytoplankton in the SJR. A mass balance model was developed using WARMF, a model specifically designed for use in TMDL management applications. It was demonstrated that phytoplankton biomass accumulates rapidly in a 88 km reach where plankton from small, slow moving tributaries are diluted and combined with fresh nutrient inputs in faster moving water. The SJR-WARMF model was demonstrated to accurately predict phytoplankton growth in the SJR. Model results suggest that modest reductions in nutrients alone will not limit algal biomass accumulation, but that combined strategies of nutrient reduction and algal control in tributaries may have benefit. The SJR-WARMF model provides stakeholders a practical, scientific tool for setting remediation priorities on a watershed scale.
","language":"English","publisher":"IWA","doi":"10.2166/wst.2009.739","usgsCitation":"Stringfellow, W., Litton, G., Borglin, S., Hanlon, J.R., Chen, C., Graham, J., Burks, R., Dahlgren, R., Kendall, C., Brown, R., and Quinn, N., 2009, Investigation of river eutrophication as part of a low dissolved oxygen total maximum daily load implementation: Water Science and Technology, v. 59, no. 1, p. 9-14, https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.739.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"9","endPage":"14","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487896,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/soecs-facarticles/192","text":"External Repository"},{"id":358367,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10cd71e4b034bf6a7f8b59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stringfellow, W.","contributorId":41709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stringfellow","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Litton, Gary","contributorId":209646,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Litton","given":"Gary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Borglin, Sharon","contributorId":175251,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Borglin","given":"Sharon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hanlon, James R. jrhanlon@usgs.gov","contributorId":4598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanlon","given":"James","email":"jrhanlon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":748502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chen, C.","contributorId":98490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Graham, J.","contributorId":73826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Burks, Remie","contributorId":209647,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burks","given":"Remie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dahlgren, Randy A.","contributorId":48630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dahlgren","given":"Randy A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kendall, Carol 0000-0002-0247-3405 ckendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":1462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Carol","email":"ckendall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Brown, R.","contributorId":101419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Quinn, Nigel","contributorId":58169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quinn","given":"Nigel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70200359,"text":"70200359 - 2009 - Ingredients in sustainably managing water in semi-arid environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-15T09:49:35","indexId":"70200359","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T09:48:50","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1563,"text":"Environmental Science and Policy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ingredients in sustainably managing water in semi-arid environments","docAbstract":"The lessons learned from CALFED indicate that ingredients important in the long-term resolution of water management issues may not result in short-term “solutions”. The value of this special issue lies in its identification of ingredients that stimulate re-framing of issues, adapting to new knowledge and innovative decisions. But sustainable water management also requires the political patience to sustain those processes as a means of perpetuating the long-term decision-making necessary to anticipate and/or respond to an ever-changing environment.