Several comprehensive, data-driven geographic information system (GIS) analyses were conducted to assess prospectivity for lode gold in Alaska. These analyses use available geospatial datasets of lithologic, geochemical, mineral occurrence, and geophysical data to build models for recognizing different types of gold deposits within physiographic units defined by stream drainage basins that are approximately 100 square kilometers in area. The analytical methods successfully delineated areas in the State that contain known lode gold deposits and occurrences, providing some measure of confidence in their ability to predict gold prospectivity in areas of unknown lode gold potential. The results of our analyses indicate high prospectivity in a few areas scattered around the State that are not known to contain lode gold deposits.
In addition to assessing the potential for lode gold deposits in Alaska, we designed analyses to distinguish different lode gold deposit types, including orogenic, reduced-intrusion-related, epithermal, and gold-bearing porphyry. These can primarily be differentiated using their unique trace element geochemical fingerprints and elemental enrichments, which reflect the characteristics of the geologic environment and chemistry of the ore-forming fluids. We identified multiple parameters that would discriminate the different types of gold deposits, but owing to the limits of available data, the compositional similarity of ore-forming fluids among some types of lode gold deposits, and overlapping geologic environments, distinguishing deposit types at the state scale in Alaska remains problematic. These limitations resulted in overlapping areas of prospectivity for different deposit types, highlighting the challenges for targeted gold exploration in Alaska. Adjustment of some scoring parameters and recharacterization at smaller scales to highlight individual mineral systems for application of prospectivity analyses may be helpful at a district scale. At a regional scale, the aerial overlap of individual deposit type analyses reinforces confidence in prospectivity for a lode gold resource in a drainage basin. Our analysis for undivided lode gold deposits will be the most practical analysis for landuse decisions in which delineation of areas that have confident potential for gold deposits in general is the primary goal.
Data-driven GIS analysis for lode gold potential in Alaska, although limited by the size and uneven coverage of available datasets, objectively indicates prospectivity in areas where exposure is good as well as in areas under cover. The results of our analyses show medium to high prospectivity in areas that surround known deposits, indicating an overall expansion of areas that have the potential to contain gold deposits. Exploration in these areas may help improve the balance between the volume of gold produced in placer districts statewide and the relatively low volume of identified lode resources that contribute to these placer deposits. The results of our analyses can help focus future investigations in areas that show prospectivity but are not known to contain gold deposits, as well as in areas where data are lacking and the geology is poorly understood, and acquisition of additional data may help better define and constrain gold prospectivity.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211041","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys and the Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Karl, S.M., Kreiner, D.C., Case, G.N.D., Labay, K.A., Shew, N.B., Granitto, M., Wang, B., and Anderson, E.D., 2021, GIS-based identification of areas that have resource potential for lode gold in Alaska (ver. 1.1, October 2021): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1041, 75 p., 9 plates, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211041.","productDescription":"Report: x, 75 p.; 9 Plates: 11.00 x 17.00 inches or smaller; Data Release; 3 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"75","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-099538","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":400764,"rank":18,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20223008","text":"Fact Sheet 2022-3008","description":"Karl, S.M., Kreiner, D.C., Case, G.N.D., and Labay, K., 2022, Geospatial analysis delineates lode gold prospectivity in Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2022–3008, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs202230008","linkHelpText":"- Geospatial Analyses Delineate Lode Gold Prospectivity in Alaska"},{"id":391052,"rank":17,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1041/ofr20211041_appendix3.xlsx","text":"Appendix 3","size":"250 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"linkHelpText":"- Lithology-Keyword Search Terms for the “Geologic Map of Alaska”"},{"id":391050,"rank":15,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1041/ofr20211041_appendix1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"30 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"linkHelpText":"- Statistical Calculations of Levels of Background Values for Sediment and Rock Geochemical Data"},{"id":391049,"rank":14,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1041/versionHist.txt","size":"5 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":386835,"rank":13,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9CAM3F9","linkHelpText":"Data and results for GIS-based identification of areas that have resource potential for lode gold in Alaska"},{"id":386834,"rank":12,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1041/ofr20211041_plate9.pdf","text":"Plate 9","size":"3.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- Map Showing Overlap of Gold-bearing Porphyry-Epithermal Gold and Reduced Intrusion-related-Orogenic Gold Deposit Prospectivity Maps"},{"id":391051,"rank":16,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1041/ofr20211041_appendix2.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2","size":"300 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"linkHelpText":"- Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF) Mineral-Deposit-Keyword-and-Scoring Templates"},{"id":386829,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1041/ofr20211041_plate4.pdf","text":"Plate 4","size":"3.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- Estimated Resource Potential and Certainty for Reduced Intrusion-related Gold Deposits"},{"id":386823,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1041/ofr20211041_v1.1.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":386822,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1041/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":386828,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1041/ofr20211041_plate3.pdf","text":"Plate 3","size":"3.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- Estimated Resource Potential and Certainty for Orogenic Gold Deposits"},{"id":386827,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1041/ofr20211041_plate2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","size":"2.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- Estimated Resource Potential and Certainty for Lode Gold—Undivided Deposits and Alaska Resource Data File Localities"},{"id":386824,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1041/ofr20211041_plates.pdf","text":"Plates 1 through 9","size":"32 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- Combined PDF of all 9 plates"},{"id":386826,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1041/ofr20211041_plate1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","size":"3.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- Estimated Resource Potential and Certainty for Lode Gold—Undivided Deposits"},{"id":386830,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1041/ofr20211041_plate5.pdf","text":"Plate 5","size":"3.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- Estimated Resource Potential and Certainty for Epithermal Gold Deposits"},{"id":386831,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1041/ofr20211041_plate6.pdf","text":"Plate 6","size":"3.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- Map Showing Overlap of Orogenic, Intrusion-related and Epithermal Gold Deposit Prospectivity Maps"},{"id":386832,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1041/ofr20211041_plate7.pdf","text":"Plate 7","size":"3.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- Estimated Resource Potential and Certainty for Combined Gold-bearing Porphyry and Epithermal Gold Deposits"},{"id":386833,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1041/ofr20211041_plate8.pdf","text":"Plate 8","size":"3.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- Estimated Resource Potential and Certainty for Combined Reduced Intrusion-related and Orogenic Gold Deposits"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"properties\":{},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-141.0007667541504,69.64681951728146],[-141.064453125,69.80172356231073],[-141.767578125,69.96043926902489],[-142.734375,70.1478274118401],[-143.26171875,70.25945200030638],[-144.99755859375,70.1925497583889],[-146.14013671875,70.21487465331137],[-147.43652343749997,70.32613725493573],[-148.40332031249997,70.51024068514326],[-149.47998046875,70.63448406630856],[-149.85351562499997,70.63448406630856],[-150.64453125,70.59802116106809],[-151.611328125,70.61261423801925],[-151.8310546875,70.7724429742589],[-152.02880859375,70.90226826757711],[-152.666015625,71.0098110139634],[-153.52294921875,71.05979781529196],[-154.31396484375,70.95969716686398],[-154.70947265625,71.20191973293133],[-155.41259765625,71.3219146980122],[-156.46728515625,71.45515260247822],[-157.10449218749997,71.34301347171373],[-157.58789062499997,71.21607526596131],[-157.91748046875,70.99550574822297],[-158.62060546875,70.9883492241249],[-159.30175781249997,70.98119010476937],[-159.98291015625,70.94535555009823],[-160.51025390625,70.73622993891799],[-160.90576171875,70.58341752317065],[-161.5869140625,70.45150843439349],[-161.78466796875,70.45885925640687],[-162.5537109375,70.34092679475283],[-163.05908203125,70.09552886456429],[-163.388671875,69.81689109911446],[-163.564453125,69.51914693717981],[-164.02587890625,69.15474044269264],[-164.90478515625,69.03714171275197],[-165.69580078124997,68.97416358340674],[-166.26708984375,69.01354605132325],[-166.376953125,68.80004113882613],[-166.66259765624997,68.5443150407769],[-167.1240234375,68.39918004344189],[-166.61865234375,68.17155518732503],[-166.5087890625,67.99110834539984],[-165.87158203125,67.8672645403614],[-164.61914062499997,67.47492238478702],[-164.24560546874997,67.23806155909902],[-164.091796875,67.02458758377148],[-163.10302734375,66.87834504307976],[-163.05908203125,66.73990169639414],[-162.66357421875,66.58321725728175],[-162.333984375,66.48697584176404],[-162.3779296875,66.34632215978135],[-163.2568359375,66.31103501145373],[-163.19091796875,66.55700652350038],[-163.76220703124997,66.73990169639414],[-164.46533203125,66.69647781801481],[-165.30029296875,66.55700652350038],[-166.1572265625,66.41674787052298],[-166.9482421875,66.24916310923315],[-167.3876953125,66.01801815922045],[-168.42041015625,65.56754970214311],[-168.02490234375,65.33017791526855],[-167.45361328125,65.18303007291382],[-166.9921875,64.86760781632728],[-166.7724609375,64.49172504435471],[-165.69580078124997,64.24459476798195],[-164.59716796875,64.29229248039543],[-164.13574218749997,64.26368374017731],[-163.49853515625,64.18724867664994],[-162.5537109375,64.27322328178595],[-161.82861328124997,64.24459476798195],[-161.52099609375,63.93737246791484],[-163.125,63.68524808030715],[-163.93798828125,63.41119772365924],[-164.5751953125,63.32254947641308],[-165.41015625,63.15435519659187],[-165.78369140625,62.75472592723178],[-166.26708984375,62.42090322195164],[-166.5966796875,62.155240711732425],[-166.48681640625,61.616843178481375],[-166.2451171875,61.23853141060282],[-165.849609375,60.8663124746226],[-166.5966796875,60.56537850464181],[-167.34375,60.468050120874615],[-167.80517578125,60.20707506634915],[-167.8271484375,60.09771842541544],[-167.89306640624997,59.93300042374631],[-167.03613281249997,59.712097173322924],[-166.640625,59.61221219518693],[-165.95947265624997,59.60109549032134],[-165.47607421874997,59.74532608213611],[-165.10253906249997,59.95501026206206],[-164.794921875,59.987997631212224],[-164.72900390624997,59.7563950493563],[-164.46533203125,59.54545678424146],[-163.8720703125,59.54545678424146],[-163.14697265625,59.60109549032134],[-162.26806640625,59.62332522313024],[-162.20214843749997,59.17592824927136],[-162.35595703125,58.81374171570782],[-162.57568359375,58.6769376725869],[-162.09228515625,58.39019698411526],[-161.455078125,58.39019698411526],[-160.68603515625,58.44773280389084],[-160.1806640625,58.516651799363785],[-159.71923828125,58.58543569119917],[-159.43359375,58.47072082411973],[-159.08203125,58.33256713195789],[-158.55468749999997,58.286395482881034],[-158.44482421874997,58.619777025081675],[-157.60986328125,58.52812515905843],[-158.00537109375,58.00809779306888],[-158.48876953125,57.468589192089354],[-159.49951171875,56.84897198026975],[-161.0595703125,56.389583525613055],[-164.9267578125,54.97761367069628],[-165.9814453125,54.470037612805754],[-168.55224609375,53.73571574532637],[-173.232421875,52.92215137976296],[-175.62744140624997,52.3755991766591],[-177.86865234375,52.13348804077147],[-178.9453125,50.98609893339354],[-178.00048828125,51.440312757160115],[-176.8359375,51.467696956223364],[-175.36376953125,51.7406361640977],[-171.826171875,52.119998657638156],[-167.62939453124997,52.9883372533954],[-166.728515625,53.186287573913305],[-165.9375,53.553362785528094],[-165.30029296875,53.76170183021049],[-164.3115234375,54.149567212540525],[-163.89404296875,54.29088164657006],[-163.3447265625,54.18815548107151],[-162.26806640625,54.07228265560388],[-162.09228515625,54.3549556895541],[-161.89453125,54.7246201949245],[-161.0595703125,54.80068486732233],[-160.400390625,54.67383096593114],[-159.19189453125,54.61025498157912],[-159.14794921875,55.07836723201515],[-158.79638671875,55.429013452407396],[-157.58789062499997,55.825973254619015],[-155.7421875,55.541064956111036],[-154.62158203125,56.01066647040695],[-153.47900390625,56.43820369358165],[-151.45751953125,57.397624055000456],[-151.4794921875,58.07787626787517],[-151.45751953125,58.75680543225761],[-149.74365234374997,59.38917842312835],[-148.51318359375,59.63443457494949],[-146.689453125,59.355596110016315],[-144.51416015625,59.75086102411168],[-144.3109130859375,59.87239799228177],[-143.8330078125,59.968758992382334],[-143.0694580078125,60.031929699115615],[-141.5533447265625,59.842055288480076],[-140.9051513671875,59.68160832698723],[-140.020751953125,59.478568831926395],[-139.1693115234375,59.234986238722],[-138.82873535156247,59.09138238455909],[-138.3233642578125,58.96983560365735],[-138.1146240234375,58.862064179600374],[-138.076171875,58.722598828043374],[-136.9775390625,58.19387126497797],[-136.56005859375,57.7862326105289],[-135.966796875,57.33838126552897],[-136.03271484375,57.052681978717494],[-135.81298828125,56.92099675839107],[-134.571533203125,55.8845546603819],[-134.2034912109375,55.56592203025787],[-133.8958740234375,55.263468250921285],[-133.7530517578125,55.06264118216743],[-133.6102294921875,54.64523407607479],[-133.2421875,54.635697306063854],[-130.6171417236328,54.70637513489091],[-130.62950134277344,54.72422365048395],[-130.62606811523438,54.73651472417763],[-130.65765380859375,54.762274228176494],[-130.62950134277344,54.78247406031503],[-130.5663299560547,54.79237225560392],[-130.49697875976562,54.82877675365454],[-130.42282104492188,54.87423625974835],[-130.34591674804688,54.91569803760518],[-130.27244567871094,54.97288463122321],[-130.18661499023438,55.062247951730015],[-130.18043518066406,55.091729515360875],[-130.15090942382812,55.12393783348962],[-130.14747619628906,55.14160209881279],[-130.10284423828125,55.19219635238084],[-129.97169494628906,55.28146181651345],[-129.97581481933594,55.30022902025666],[-130.02044677734375,55.33890835596374],[-130.0396728515625,55.45043679812318],[-130.0884246826172,55.496749338303694],[-130.12825012207028,55.58144971869657],[-130.10971069335938,55.68223010941079],[-130.14816284179688,55.71473455012689],[-130.15296936035156,55.7649857705176],[-130.12550354003906,55.80475427021683],[-130.0843048095703,55.82134464477078],[-130.00465393066406,55.90573012454021],[-130.00465393066406,55.9130425993163],[-130.0190734863281,55.912657766599715],[-130.00259399414062,56.00605986001467],[-130.10421752929688,56.12297419573329],[-130.24635314941406,56.09693875609652],[-130.3479766845703,56.12794955397159],[-130.42556762695312,56.14134155069025],[-130.4674530029297,56.24373146827144],[-130.55740356445312,56.249454174583384],[-130.5677032470703,56.25479459547735],[-130.62400817871094,56.2685236855868],[-130.78262329101562,56.36715174252849],[-131.08612060546875,56.40668363558357],[-131.16989135742188,56.44883107459549],[-131.473388671875,56.551913918713375],[-131.58119201660156,56.61204220477141],[-131.8352508544922,56.59843662755775],[-131.85997009277344,56.702620872371355],[-131.89979553222656,56.75347577609789],[-131.87232971191406,56.805765643008264],[-132.12432861328122,56.87374615531272],[-132.0467376708984,57.04521234171931],[-132.3687744140625,57.09149987857074],[-132.2472381591797,57.211056900559335],[-132.3680877685547,57.347273783306676],[-132.55210876464844,57.49516565182901],[-132.65853881835938,57.61562391374733],[-132.75466918945312,57.69680911844304],[-132.8693389892578,57.83853792318956],[-133.06983947753906,58.00082136594698],[-133.17283630371094,58.15404059343076],[-133.34518432617188,58.27628739957773],[-133.45985412597656,58.38731772556939],[-133.37608337402344,58.430481925680034],[-133.70567321777344,58.611194853078764],[-133.83956909179685,58.730440812979516],[-134.25979614257812,58.861354043320055],[-134.3360137939453,58.92414471817596],[-134.3140411376953,58.962755708753306],[-134.4060516357422,58.978683427688686],[-134.38133239746094,59.03878841190553],[-134.44656372070312,59.08820785301446],[-134.48501586914062,59.13121539881386],[-134.56329345703125,59.130510792073984],[-134.67933654785156,59.191757369765085],[-134.70130920410156,59.24973478117606],[-134.95742797851562,59.279914277804906],[-135.02883911132812,59.34649517787861],[-134.9897003173828,59.3877798237848],[-135.10093688964844,59.42622028594434],[-135.07827758789062,59.45275367774563],[-135.0274658203125,59.47473269180728],[-135.03021240234375,59.564245132658975],[-135.11810302734372,59.62367244601488],[-135.15586853027344,59.625061301654334],[-135.2190399169922,59.6632323288228],[-135.23345947265625,59.69650975428769],[-135.252685546875,59.69789559656873],[-135.36048889160156,59.73598378851403],[-135.4779052734375,59.79821644465919],[-135.94894409179688,59.6632323288228],[-136.1927032470703,59.63998787256213],[-136.34788513183594,59.60109549032134],[-136.25038146972656,59.56633207991906],[-136.24076843261716,59.55972296971678],[-136.24076843261716,59.52387204745182],[-136.3066864013672,59.46461714320982],[-136.36642456054688,59.4496126517294],[-136.47628784179688,59.46566371970234],[-136.46804809570312,59.28552611855346],[-136.49620056152344,59.27465233689575],[-136.4900207519531,59.26096748461385],[-136.5840911865234,59.166075318301345],[-136.8285369873047,59.16009179641602],[-136.8793487548828,59.13544273484683],[-137.28240966796875,59.0009698708429],[-137.449951171875,58.908900972391415],[-137.52548217773438,58.906418795609426],[-137.5000762939453,58.985760051467075],[-137.54127502441406,59.10478272378236],[-137.60787963867188,59.24376590151355],[-138.62617492675778,59.76746035005358],[-138.66600036621094,59.80961318716828],[-138.6797332763672,59.84481485969105],[-138.70582580566406,59.90650046741583],[-139.05258178710938,59.994179105518434],[-139.19952392578125,60.08950200748712],[-139.0711212158203,60.3187885497516],[-139.07386779785156,60.35243208301854],[-139.69253540039062,60.33544473468298],[-139.97955322265625,60.181818669034776],[-140.4595184326172,60.30858669066228],[-140.5199432373047,60.22003701633967],[-141.00128173828125,60.3058656567224],[-141.0007667541504,69.64681951728146]]]}},{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"properties\":{},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-173.07586669921875,60.72157115165579],[-173.155517578125,60.69469537287745],[-173.15277099609375,60.64356945377967],[-173.08135986328125,60.61123754937553],[-173.04016113281247,60.58157148491742],[-173.08135986328125,60.53972302275651],[-173.089599609375,60.511343283202464],[-173.05938720703125,60.4788788301667],[-172.98248291015625,60.468050120874615],[-172.94677734374997,60.43689744859958],[-172.8424072265625,60.403001945865476],[-172.78472900390625,60.373144671593685],[-172.7105712890625,60.329667021005825],[-172.6611328125,60.3187885497516],[-172.5897216796875,60.309266913738156],[-172.49908447265625,60.31606836555203],[-172.4139404296875,60.3187885497516],[-172.35076904296875,60.3187885497516],[-172.30682373046872,60.29021531318375],[-172.2381591796875,60.29021531318375],[-172.17498779296875,60.30518536282736],[-172.2381591796875,60.333745513303114],[-172.34527587890625,60.378575303227215],[-172.364501953125,60.40164539086417],[-172.43041992187497,60.40571488624096],[-172.4798583984375,60.39757538658664],[-172.57598876953125,60.41249624776229],[-172.6556396484375,60.43689744859958],[-172.77374267578122,60.4788788301667],[-172.83416748046875,60.50052541051131],[-172.89459228515625,60.550527811064846],[-172.8863525390625,60.588316165776824],[-172.91656494140625,60.62606036274505],[-172.98797607421875,60.658377412327326],[-173.01544189453125,60.69469537287745],[-173.07586669921875,60.72157115165579]]]}},{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"properties\":{},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-171.650390625,63.809167882566385],[-171.793212890625,63.82128765261384],[-171.80419921875,63.73147780336167],[-171.8426513671875,63.65601144183318],[-171.8865966796875,63.54365806976644],[-171.859130859375,63.42594585479083],[-171.7877197265625,63.34966546248425],[-171.62841796875,63.32501562217765],[-171.474609375,63.28306240110864],[-171.353759765625,63.29540792564745],[-171.2548828125,63.33980806067484],[-171.1395263671875,63.38413977217118],[-171.002197265625,63.389061297647125],[-170.760498046875,63.34966546248425],[-170.57373046875,63.32501562217765],[-170.41992187499997,63.27812271092345],[-170.343017578125,63.1989725264735],[-170.3594970703125,63.156835740093236],[-170.2496337890625,63.156835740093236],[-170.145263671875,63.156835740093236],[-170.0408935546875,63.14194929585152],[-169.9090576171875,63.087300267152735],[-169.8321533203125,63.03753005973634],[-169.7991943359375,62.990169510232555],[-169.8101806640625,62.95522304515911],[-169.74975585937497,62.922735326966595],[-169.617919921875,62.91523303947614],[-169.54650878906247,62.9502272814474],[-169.4915771484375,62.97270150065472],[-169.508056640625,62.99765260346662],[-169.4970703125,63.04251090966805],[-169.43664550781247,63.08978654472616],[-169.34326171874997,63.11712157280328],[-169.178466796875,63.13946747896222],[-169.1070556640625,63.14443090047572],[-168.958740234375,63.104699747121074],[-168.760986328125,63.112153479825004],[-168.67309570312497,63.203925767041305],[-168.662109375,63.26576978358972],[-168.7115478515625,63.3348780927218],[-168.92578125,63.366907787681754],[-169.07958984374997,63.366907787681754],[-169.25537109375,63.37183226679281],[-169.420166015625,63.376755901872734],[-169.5245361328125,63.389061297647125],[-169.6124267578125,63.43331707559086],[-169.705810546875,63.46278300222105],[-169.8211669921875,63.46523712749102],[-169.947509765625,63.48976680530999],[-170.0079345703125,63.59011870211632],[-170.0958251953125,63.658448979940175],[-170.2386474609375,63.704722429433225],[-170.4638671875,63.73390885572919],[-170.5902099609375,63.721751503619956],[-170.7659912109375,63.6779417467744],[-171.2164306640625,63.648697570849286],[-171.474609375,63.6779417467744],[-171.54052734375,63.75334975181205],[-171.650390625,63.809167882566385]]]}},{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"properties\":{},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-170.40618896484375,57.022794415389725],[-170.3155517578125,57.043718234032625],[-170.22216796875,57.119841130872615],[-170.1947021484375,57.14518072479997],[-170.11505126953125,57.18985535714817],[-170.08209228515625,57.227042992549855],[-170.07110595703125,57.271618718194446],[-170.189208984375,57.23893512461504],[-170.2386474609375,57.22852971878346],[-170.32928466796875,57.22852971878346],[-170.3704833984375,57.22406936030381],[-170.49407958984375,57.20473490715757],[-170.41992187499997,57.12878649751151],[-170.364990234375,57.11387635258491],[-170.42266845703125,57.06910989239133],[-170.46112060546875,57.033257797376066],[-170.40618896484375,57.022794415389725]]]}},{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"properties\":{},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-169.8321533203125,56.62904228542147],[-169.8211669921875,56.60486209416893],[-169.7991943359375,56.586716786451156],[-169.71405029296875,56.565536245992064],[-169.71405029296875,56.551913918713375],[-169.63165283203125,56.51707901932375],[-169.56024169921875,56.515563731608296],[-169.5025634765625,56.553427752820355],[-169.43115234375,56.58369172128337],[-169.43664550781247,56.626020608371924],[-169.56024169921875,56.63055303322322],[-169.6783447265625,56.62450967912138],[-169.8321533203125,56.62904228542147]]]}}]}","edition":"Version 1.0: Jun 2021; Version 1.1: October 2021","contact":"Director,
Alaska Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4210 University Drive
Anchorage, Alaska 99508
The ChemCam instrument on the Curiosity rover provides chemical compositions of Martian rocks and soils using remote laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). The elemental calibration is stable as a function of distance for Ti, Fe, Mg, and Ca. The calibration shows small, systematically increasing abundance trends as a function of distance for Al, Na, K, and to some extent, Si. The distance effect is known to be due to a dependence with distance on the relative strengths of atomic transition lines. Emission lines representing transitions from relatively low energy levels remain intense at longer distances while emission lines representing transitions from higher energy levels decrease in intensity more rapidly as a function of distance. The multivariate algorithms used to determine elemental compositions rely on a large number of emission lines in many cases, so rather than trying to correct all emission lines, a study was made of the predicted compositions as a function of distance, in order to determine an empirical correction. Abundance trends can be well approximated by a linear trend with distance within the ranges of abundances and distances observed up to ~6 m. Data from 11 distinct geological members and data groups of the Murray formation in Gale crater, Mars, were used to form the model, selecting the members and data groups yielding the best statistics. The model was tested using data from several targets observed from two different distances, and using data from the Kimberley formation, the composition of which is significantly different from the Murray formation, showing that the model works on other compositions beyond those used to build the model. For long-distance observations up to ~6 m, corrections can be made back to an equivalent composition at the median distance of ChemCam observations (2.6 m). The model has been validated up to 6.2 m, although ChemCam is able to observe bedrock targets to >7 m, and iron meteorites to distances of >9 m.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.sab.2021.106247","usgsCitation":"Wiens, R.C., Blazon-Brown, A.J., Melikechi, N., Frydenvang, J., Dehouck, E., Clegg, S.M., Delapp, D., Anderson, R.B., Cousin, A., and Maurice, S., 2021, Improving ChemCam LIBS long-distance elemental compositions using empirical abundance trends: Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, v. 182, 106247, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sab.2021.106247.","productDescription":"106247","ipdsId":"IP-127439","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":451723,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://insu.hal.science/insu-03672412","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":410791,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"182","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiens, Roger C.","contributorId":140330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiens","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13447,"text":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":859635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blazon-Brown, A. J.","contributorId":300205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blazon-Brown","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":65042,"text":"LANL, U. Mass.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":859636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Melikechi, N.","contributorId":300206,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Melikechi","given":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":65043,"text":"U. Mass.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":859637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Frydenvang, J.","contributorId":181927,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frydenvang","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":859638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dehouck, E.","contributorId":290073,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dehouck","given":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":62330,"text":"Univ. Lyon, Univ. Lyon 1, ENSL, CNRS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":859639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Clegg, S. M.","contributorId":300207,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clegg","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":27196,"text":"LANL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":859640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Delapp, D.","contributorId":290074,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Delapp","given":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":62306,"text":"Space and Planetary Exploration Team, Los Alamos National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":859641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Anderson, Ryan B. 0000-0003-4465-2871 rbanderson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4465-2871","contributorId":170054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Ryan","email":"rbanderson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":859642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Cousin, A.","contributorId":290035,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cousin","given":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":62314,"text":"Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Université de Toulouse","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":859643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Maurice, S.","contributorId":296856,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maurice","given":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":64219,"text":"Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie, Universite de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, CNRS, CNES","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":859644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70221750,"text":"70221750 - 2021 - Increasing hydroperiod in a karst-depression wetland based on 165 years of simulated daily water levels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-01T12:27:24.261014","indexId":"70221750","displayToPublicDate":"2021-06-29T07:25:03","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Increasing hydroperiod in a karst-depression wetland based on 165 years of simulated daily water levels","docAbstract":"The hydrology of seasonally inundated depression wetlands can be highly sensitive to climatic fluctuations. Hydroperiod—the number of days per year that a wetland is inundated—is often of primary ecological importance in these systems and can vary interannually depending on climate conditions. In this study we re-examined an existing hydrologic model to simulate daily water levels in Sinking Pond, a 35-hectare seasonally inundated karst-depression wetland in Tennessee, USA. We recalibrated the model using 22 years of climate and water-level observations and used the recalibrated model to reconstruct (hindcast) daily water levels over a 165-year period from 1855 to 2019. A trend analysis of the climatic data and reconstructed water levels over the hindcasting period indicated substantial increases in pond hydroperiod over time, apparently related to increasing regional precipitation. Wetland hydroperiod increased on average by 5.9 days per decade between 1920 and 2019, with a breakpoint around the year 1970. Hydroperiod changes of this magnitude may have profound consequences for wetland ecology, such as a transition from a forested wetland to a mostly open-water pond at the Sinking Pond site. More broadly, this study illustrates the needs for robust hydrologic models of depression wetlands and for consideration of model transferability in time (i.e., hindcasting and forecasting) under non-stationary hydroclimatic conditions. As climate change is expected to influence water cycles, hydrologic processes, and wetland ecohydrology in the coming decades, hydrologic model projections may become increasingly important to detect, anticipate, and potentially mitigate ecological impacts in depression wetland ecosystems.
The California Department of Transportation, commonly known as CalTrans, and other municipal separate storm sewer system permittees in California as well as other State departments of transportation nationwide need information about potential loads and yields (loads per unit area) of constituents of concern in stormwater runoff and discharges from stormwater best management practices (BMPs). Although its National Pollution Discharge Elimination System stormwater permit is focused on areas subject to total maximum daily load (TMDL) regulations, CalTrans builds and maintains BMPs to minimize the adverse effects of roadway runoff on receiving waters throughout the State. This report describes approaches used by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with CalTrans for using the Stochastic Empirical Loading and Dilution Model (SELDM) to assess long-term annual yields of highway and urban runoff in selected areas of California. In this study, a series of regional and local yields were simulated to provide statewide planning-level estimates and more refined TMDL-specific yield values. SELDM was used to analyze 368 State roadway and urban runoff yields for 53 runoff quality constituents. The analyses included 222 random-seed analyses, 60 regional State roadway-runoff analyses, 24 regional urban roadway-runoff analyses, and 62 focused TMDL-area analyses.
This report describes approaches and statistics used to analyze available hydrologic and runoff quality data in all analyses. Results for all analyses are provided in the model archive, but only a selected subset of results are presented as examples in this report. State roadway runoff, urban runoff, and BMP discharge yields for total suspended solids, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total zinc were selected as examples because they are widespread constituents of concern with substantial amounts of State roadway and urban runoff monitoring data. In this report, a hypothetical basin was specified by using available geographic information to demonstrate use of the State roadway and urban runoff yields to estimate long-term annual stormwater loads from developed areas. Application of these yields to the hypothetical basin indicates that although State-roadway yields may be higher than urban-runoff yields for some constituents, State-roadway loads may be a small proportion of total stormwater loads because State roadways themselves are a small fraction of the total impervious area in such basins. Although application of results from this study may have considerable uncertainty for any particular stormwater outfall, the study does provide robust estimates to support basin-scale runoff-load analyses in California. These analyses also provide estimates for the 12 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency level III ecoregions that are completely or partially within the boundaries of the State of California.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20215043","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Granato, G.E., and Friesz, P.J., 2021, Approaches for assessing long-term annual yields of highway and urban runoff in selected areas of California with the Stochastic Empirical Loading and Dilution Model (SELDM): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2021–5043, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20215043.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 37 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"37","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-124902","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386679,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5043/coverthb3.jpg"},{"id":386680,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5043/sir20215043.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.96 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2021-5043"},{"id":386681,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9B02EUZ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Model archive for assessing long-term annual yields of highway and urban runoff in selected areas of California with the Stochastic Empirical Loading and Dilution Model (SELDM)"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-122.421439,37.869969],[-122.41847,37.852721],[-122.434403,37.852434],[-122.446316,37.861046],[-122.430958,37.872242],[-122.421439,37.869969]]],[[[-122.3785,37.826505],[-122.377879,37.830648],[-122.369941,37.832137],[-122.358779,37.814278],[-122.362661,37.807577],[-122.372422,37.811301],[-122.3785,37.826505]]],[[[-120.248484,33.999329],[-120.230001,34.010136],[-120.19578,34.004284],[-120.167306,34.008219],[-120.147647,34.024831],[-120.140362,34.025974],[-120.115058,34.019866],[-120.090182,34.019806],[-120.073609,34.024477],[-120.057637,34.03734],[-120.043259,34.035806],[-120.050382,34.013331],[-120.046575,34.000002],[-120.011123,33.979894],[-119.978876,33.983081],[-119.979913,33.969623],[-119.97026,33.944359],[-120.017715,33.936366],[-120.048611,33.915775],[-120.098601,33.907853],[-120.121817,33.895712],[-120.168974,33.91909],[-120.224461,33.989059],[-120.248484,33.999329]]],[[[-119.789798,34.05726],[-119.755521,34.056716],[-119.712576,34.043265],[-119.686507,34.019805],[-119.637742,34.013178],[-119.612226,34.021256],[-119.604287,34.031561],[-119.608798,34.035245],[-119.59324,34.049625],[-119.5667,34.053452],[-119.52064,34.034262],[-119.542449,34.021082],[-119.547072,34.005469],[-119.560464,33.99553],[-119.575636,33.996009],[-119.596877,33.988611],[-119.662825,33.985889],[-119.721206,33.959583],[-119.742966,33.963877],[-119.758141,33.959212],[-119.842748,33.97034],[-119.873358,33.980375],[-119.884896,34.008814],[-119.876329,34.032087],[-119.916216,34.058351],[-119.923337,34.069361],[-119.919155,34.07728],[-119.912857,34.077508],[-119.857304,34.071298],[-119.825865,34.059794],[-119.818742,34.052997],[-119.789798,34.05726]]],[[[-120.46258,34.042627],[-120.440248,34.036918],[-120.415287,34.05496],[-120.403613,34.050442],[-120.390906,34.051994],[-120.368813,34.06778],[-120.370176,34.074907],[-120.362251,34.073056],[-120.354982,34.059256],[-120.36029,34.05582],[-120.358608,34.050235],[-120.346946,34.046576],[-120.331161,34.049097],[-120.302122,34.023574],[-120.317052,34.018837],[-120.347706,34.020114],[-120.35793,34.015029],[-120.409368,34.032198],[-120.427408,34.025425],[-120.454134,34.028081],[-120.465329,34.038448],[-120.46258,34.042627]]],[[[-118.524531,32.895488],[-118.535823,32.90628],[-118.551134,32.945155],[-118.573522,32.969183],[-118.586928,33.008281],[-118.596037,33.015357],[-118.606559,33.01469],[-118.605534,33.030999],[-118.594033,33.035951],[-118.57516,33.033961],[-118.569013,33.029151],[-118.559171,33.006291],[-118.540069,32.980933],[-118.496811,32.933847],[-118.369984,32.839273],[-118.353504,32.821962],[-118.356541,32.817311],[-118.379968,32.824545],[-118.394565,32.823978],[-118.425634,32.800595],[-118.44492,32.820593],[-118.496298,32.851572],[-118.507193,32.876264],[-118.524531,32.895488]]],[[[-118.500212,33.449592],[-118.477646,33.448392],[-118.445812,33.428907],[-118.423576,33.427258],[-118.382037,33.409883],[-118.370323,33.409285],[-118.365094,33.388374],[-118.310213,33.335795],[-118.303174,33.320264],[-118.305084,33.310323],[-118.325244,33.299075],[-118.374768,33.320065],[-118.440047,33.318638],[-118.465368,33.326056],[-118.48877,33.356649],[-118.478465,33.38632],[-118.48875,33.419826],[-118.515914,33.422417],[-118.52323,33.430733],[-118.53738,33.434608],[-118.563442,33.434381],[-118.60403,33.47654],[-118.54453,33.474119],[-118.500212,33.449592]]],[[[-119.543842,33.280329],[-119.528141,33.284929],[-119.465717,33.259239],[-119.429559,33.228167],[-119.444269,33.21919],[-119.476029,33.21552],[-119.545872,33.233406],[-119.564971,33.24744],[-119.578942,33.278628],[-119.562042,33.271129],[-119.543842,33.280329]]],[[[-122.289533,42.007764],[-121.035195,41.993323],[-120.001058,41.995139],[-119.995926,40.499901],[-120.005743,39.228664],[-120.001014,38.999574],[-119.333423,38.538328],[-118.714312,38.102185],[-117.875927,37.497267],[-117.244917,37.030244],[-116.488233,36.459097],[-115.852908,35.96966],[-115.102881,35.379371],[-114.633013,35.002085],[-114.629015,34.986148],[-114.634953,34.958918],[-114.629753,34.938684],[-114.635176,34.875003],[-114.623939,34.859738],[-114.586842,34.835672],[-114.57101,34.794294],[-114.552682,34.766871],[-114.516619,34.736745],[-114.470477,34.711368],[-114.452628,34.668546],[-114.451753,34.654321],[-114.441465,34.64253],[-114.438739,34.621455],[-114.424202,34.610453],[-114.429747,34.591734],[-114.422382,34.580711],[-114.405228,34.569637],[-114.380838,34.529724],[-114.378124,34.507288],[-114.386699,34.457911],[-114.375789,34.447798],[-114.335372,34.450038],[-114.32613,34.437251],[-114.294836,34.421389],[-114.286802,34.40534],[-114.264317,34.401329],[-114.226107,34.365916],[-114.199482,34.361373],[-114.176909,34.349306],[-114.157206,34.317862],[-114.138282,34.30323],[-114.134768,34.268965],[-114.139055,34.259538],[-114.159697,34.258242],[-114.223384,34.205136],[-114.229715,34.186928],[-114.254141,34.173831],[-114.287294,34.170529],[-114.320777,34.138635],[-114.353031,34.133121],[-114.366521,34.118575],[-114.390565,34.110084],[-114.411681,34.110031],[-114.43338,34.088413],[-114.43934,34.057893],[-114.434949,34.037784],[-114.438266,34.022609],[-114.46283,34.008421],[-114.46117,33.994687],[-114.499883,33.961789],[-114.522002,33.955623],[-114.535478,33.934651],[-114.533679,33.926072],[-114.508558,33.906098],[-114.518555,33.889847],[-114.50434,33.876882],[-114.503017,33.867998],[-114.514673,33.858638],[-114.52453,33.858477],[-114.529597,33.848063],[-114.520465,33.827778],[-114.527161,33.816191],[-114.504863,33.760465],[-114.504483,33.750998],[-114.512348,33.734214],[-114.496565,33.719155],[-114.494197,33.707922],[-114.495719,33.698454],[-114.523959,33.685879],[-114.531523,33.675108],[-114.525201,33.661583],[-114.530244,33.65014],[-114.526947,33.637534],[-114.529662,33.622794],[-114.524813,33.611351],[-114.540617,33.591412],[-114.5403,33.580615],[-114.524391,33.553683],[-114.558898,33.531819],[-114.560552,33.518272],[-114.569533,33.509219],[-114.591554,33.499443],[-114.622918,33.456561],[-114.627125,33.433554],[-114.635183,33.422726],[-114.652828,33.412922],[-114.687953,33.417944],[-114.701732,33.408388],[-114.725535,33.404056],[-114.708408,33.384147],[-114.698035,33.352442],[-114.707962,33.323421],[-114.731223,33.302434],[-114.723259,33.288079],[-114.684363,33.276025],[-114.672401,33.26047],[-114.689421,33.24525],[-114.674479,33.225504],[-114.678749,33.203448],[-114.675831,33.18152],[-114.679359,33.159519],[-114.703682,33.113769],[-114.706488,33.08816],[-114.68902,33.084036],[-114.686991,33.070969],[-114.674296,33.057171],[-114.673659,33.041897],[-114.662317,33.032671],[-114.64598,33.048903],[-114.618788,33.027202],[-114.589778,33.026228],[-114.575161,33.036542],[-114.52013,33.029984],[-114.502871,33.011153],[-114.492938,32.971781],[-114.476156,32.975168],[-114.467664,32.966861],[-114.469113,32.952673],[-114.48074,32.937027],[-114.47664,32.923628],[-114.462929,32.907944],[-114.468971,32.845155],[-114.494116,32.823288],[-114.510217,32.816417],[-114.530755,32.793485],[-114.532432,32.776923],[-114.526856,32.757094],[-114.539093,32.756949],[-114.539224,32.749812],[-114.564447,32.749554],[-114.564508,32.742298],[-114.581736,32.742321],[-114.581784,32.734946],[-114.612697,32.734516],[-114.618373,32.728245],[-114.688779,32.737675],[-114.701918,32.745548],[-114.719633,32.718763],[-116.04662,32.623353],[-117.124862,32.534156],[-117.136664,32.618754],[-117.168866,32.671952],[-117.196767,32.688851],[-117.213068,32.687751],[-117.236239,32.671353],[-117.246069,32.669352],[-117.25757,32.72605],[-117.25257,32.752949],[-117.25497,32.786948],[-117.26107,32.803148],[-117.280971,32.822247],[-117.28217,32.839547],[-117.27387,32.851447],[-117.26497,32.848947],[-117.25617,32.859447],[-117.25167,32.874346],[-117.25447,32.900146],[-117.28077,33.012343],[-117.315278,33.093504],[-117.328359,33.121842],[-117.362572,33.168437],[-117.469794,33.296417],[-117.50565,33.334063],[-117.547693,33.365491],[-117.59588,33.386629],[-117.607905,33.406317],[-117.645582,33.440728],[-117.684584,33.461927],[-117.691984,33.456627],[-117.715349,33.460556],[-117.726486,33.483427],[-117.784888,33.541525],[-117.814188,33.552224],[-117.840289,33.573523],[-117.87679,33.592322],[-117.927091,33.605521],[-117.940591,33.620021],[-118.000593,33.654319],[-118.029694,33.676418],[-118.088896,33.729817],[-118.132698,33.753217],[-118.180831,33.763072],[-118.187701,33.749218],[-118.181367,33.717367],[-118.207476,33.716905],[-118.258687,33.703741],[-118.317205,33.712818],[-118.360505,33.736817],[-118.385006,33.741417],[-118.396606,33.735917],[-118.411211,33.741985],[-118.428407,33.774715],[-118.405007,33.800215],[-118.394376,33.804289],[-118.392107,33.840915],[-118.460611,33.969111],[-118.482729,33.995912],[-118.519514,34.027509],[-118.543115,34.038508],[-118.569235,34.04164],[-118.609652,34.036424],[-118.668358,34.038887],[-118.706215,34.029383],[-118.744952,34.032103],[-118.783433,34.021543],[-118.805114,34.001239],[-118.854653,34.034215],[-118.928048,34.045847],[-118.938081,34.043383],[-119.004644,34.066231],[-119.037494,34.083111],[-119.088536,34.09831],[-119.109784,34.094566],[-119.130169,34.100102],[-119.18864,34.139005],[-119.216441,34.146105],[-119.257043,34.213304],[-119.278644,34.266902],[-119.290945,34.274902],[-119.313034,34.275689],[-119.337475,34.290576],[-119.370356,34.319486],[-119.388249,34.317398],[-119.42777,34.353016],[-119.461036,34.374064],[-119.536957,34.395495],[-119.559459,34.413395],[-119.616862,34.420995],[-119.638864,34.415696],[-119.671866,34.416096],[-119.688167,34.412497],[-119.684666,34.408297],[-119.709067,34.395397],[-119.729369,34.395897],[-119.794771,34.417597],[-119.835771,34.415796],[-119.853771,34.407996],[-119.873971,34.408795],[-119.925227,34.433931],[-119.956433,34.435288],[-120.008077,34.460447],[-120.038828,34.463434],[-120.088591,34.460208],[-120.141165,34.473405],[-120.25777,34.467451],[-120.295051,34.470623],[-120.341369,34.458789],[-120.471376,34.447846],[-120.47661,34.475131],[-120.511421,34.522953],[-120.581293,34.556959],[-120.622575,34.554017],[-120.637805,34.56622],[-120.645739,34.581035],[-120.640244,34.604406],[-120.60197,34.692095],[-120.60045,34.70464],[-120.614852,34.730709],[-120.62632,34.738072],[-120.637415,34.755895],[-120.616296,34.816308],[-120.610266,34.85818],[-120.616325,34.866739],[-120.639283,34.880413],[-120.647328,34.901133],[-120.670835,34.904115],[-120.63999,35.002963],[-120.629931,35.061515],[-120.630957,35.101941],[-120.644311,35.139616],[-120.651134,35.147768],[-120.662475,35.153357],[-120.675074,35.153061],[-120.698906,35.171192],[-120.714185,35.175998],[-120.74887,35.177795],[-120.754823,35.174701],[-120.756086,35.160459],[-120.760492,35.15971],[-120.778998,35.168897],[-120.786076,35.177666],[-120.856047,35.206487],[-120.89679,35.247877],[-120.862684,35.346776],[-120.866099,35.393045],[-120.884757,35.430196],[-120.907937,35.449069],[-120.946546,35.446715],[-120.969436,35.460197],[-121.003359,35.46071],[-121.101595,35.548814],[-121.126027,35.593058],[-121.143561,35.606046],[-121.166712,35.635399],[-121.251034,35.656641],[-121.284973,35.674109],[-121.289794,35.689428],[-121.314632,35.71331],[-121.315786,35.75252],[-121.332449,35.783106],[-121.388053,35.823483],[-121.413146,35.855316],[-121.439584,35.86695],[-121.462264,35.885618],[-121.461227,35.896906],[-121.472435,35.91989],[-121.4862,35.970348],[-121.503112,36.000299],[-121.531876,36.014368],[-121.574602,36.025156],[-121.590395,36.050363],[-121.592853,36.065062],[-121.606845,36.072065],[-121.618672,36.087767],[-121.629634,36.114452],[-121.680145,36.165818],[-121.717176,36.195146],[-121.779851,36.227407],[-121.797059,36.234211],[-121.813734,36.234235],[-121.826425,36.24186],[-121.851967,36.277831],[-121.874797,36.289064],[-121.888491,36.30281],[-121.894714,36.317806],[-121.892917,36.340428],[-121.905446,36.358269],[-121.903195,36.393603],[-121.914378,36.404344],[-121.91474,36.42589],[-121.9416,36.485602],[-121.938763,36.506423],[-121.944666,36.521861],[-121.925937,36.525173],[-121.932508,36.559935],[-121.942533,36.566435],[-121.957335,36.564482],[-121.978592,36.580488],[-121.970427,36.582754],[-121.941666,36.618059],[-121.93643,36.636746],[-121.923866,36.634559],[-121.890164,36.609259],[-121.889064,36.601759],[-121.860604,36.611136],[-121.831995,36.644856],[-121.814462,36.682858],[-121.807062,36.714157],[-121.805643,36.750239],[-121.788278,36.803994],[-121.809363,36.848654],[-121.862266,36.931552],[-121.894667,36.961851],[-121.930069,36.97815],[-121.95167,36.97145],[-121.972771,36.954151],[-122.012373,36.96455],[-122.023373,36.96215],[-122.027174,36.95115],[-122.050122,36.948523],[-122.105976,36.955951],[-122.155078,36.98085],[-122.20618,37.013949],[-122.252181,37.059448],[-122.284882,37.101747],[-122.306139,37.116383],[-122.337071,37.117382],[-122.337833,37.135936],[-122.359791,37.155574],[-122.367085,37.172817],[-122.390599,37.182988],[-122.405073,37.195791],[-122.407181,37.219465],[-122.419113,37.24147],[-122.411686,37.265844],[-122.40085,37.359225],[-122.423286,37.392542],[-122.443687,37.435941],[-122.452087,37.48054],[-122.472388,37.50054],[-122.493789,37.492341],[-122.499289,37.495341],[-122.516689,37.52134],[-122.519533,37.537302],[-122.513688,37.552239],[-122.517187,37.590637],[-122.501386,37.599637],[-122.494085,37.644035],[-122.496784,37.686433],[-122.514483,37.780829],[-122.50531,37.788312],[-122.485783,37.790629],[-122.478083,37.810828],[-122.463793,37.804653],[-122.407452,37.811441],[-122.398139,37.80563],[-122.385323,37.790724],[-122.375854,37.734979],[-122.356784,37.729505],[-122.361749,37.71501],[-122.370411,37.717572],[-122.391374,37.708331],[-122.387626,37.67906],[-122.374291,37.662206],[-122.3756,37.652389],[-122.387381,37.648462],[-122.386072,37.637662],[-122.35531,37.615736],[-122.358583,37.611155],[-122.373309,37.613773],[-122.378545,37.605592],[-122.360219,37.592501],[-122.317676,37.590865],[-122.305895,37.575484],[-122.262698,37.572866],[-122.214264,37.538505],[-122.196593,37.537196],[-122.194957,37.522469],[-122.168449,37.504143],[-122.155686,37.501198],[-122.140142,37.507907],[-122.127706,37.500053],[-122.111344,37.50758],[-122.111998,37.528851],[-122.147014,37.588411],[-122.145378,37.600846],[-122.152905,37.640771],[-122.163049,37.667933],[-122.246826,37.72193],[-122.257953,37.739601],[-122.257134,37.745001],[-122.242638,37.753744],[-122.253753,37.761218],[-122.293996,37.770416],[-122.330963,37.786035],[-122.33555,37.799538],[-122.333711,37.809797],[-122.323567,37.823214],[-122.303931,37.830087],[-122.301313,37.847758],[-122.310477,37.873938],[-122.309986,37.892755],[-122.32373,37.905845],[-122.33453,37.908791],[-122.35711,37.908791],[-122.367582,37.903882],[-122.385908,37.908136],[-122.39049,37.922535],[-122.413725,37.937262],[-122.430087,37.963115],[-122.415361,37.963115],[-122.399832,37.956009],[-122.367582,37.978168],[-122.361905,37.989991],[-122.367909,38.01253],[-122.340093,38.003694],[-122.321112,38.012857],[-122.300823,38.010893],[-122.283478,38.022674],[-122.262861,38.0446],[-122.273006,38.07438],[-122.314567,38.115287],[-122.366273,38.141467],[-122.39638,38.149976],[-122.403514,38.150624],[-122.409798,38.136231],[-122.439577,38.116923],[-122.454958,38.118887],[-122.489974,38.112014],[-122.483757,38.071762],[-122.499465,38.032165],[-122.497828,38.019402],[-122.481466,38.007621],[-122.462812,38.003367],[-122.452995,37.996167],[-122.448413,37.984713],[-122.456595,37.978823],[-122.471975,37.981768],[-122.488665,37.966714],[-122.487684,37.948716],[-122.479175,37.941516],[-122.48572,37.937589],[-122.499465,37.939225],[-122.503064,37.928753],[-122.478193,37.918608],[-122.471975,37.910427],[-122.472303,37.902573],[-122.458558,37.894064],[-122.448413,37.89341],[-122.438268,37.880974],[-122.45005,37.871157],[-122.462158,37.868866],[-122.480811,37.873448],[-122.479151,37.825428],[-122.505383,37.822128],[-122.548986,37.836227],[-122.561487,37.851827],[-122.584289,37.859227],[-122.60129,37.875126],[-122.656519,37.904519],[-122.682171,37.90645],[-122.70264,37.89382],[-122.727297,37.904626],[-122.736898,37.925825],[-122.766138,37.938004],[-122.783244,37.951334],[-122.797405,37.976657],[-122.821383,37.996735],[-122.856573,38.016717],[-122.882114,38.025273],[-122.939711,38.031908],[-122.956811,38.02872],[-122.981776,38.009119],[-122.97439,37.992429],[-123.024066,37.994878],[-123.011533,38.003438],[-122.99242,38.041758],[-122.960889,38.112962],[-122.949074,38.15406],[-122.953629,38.17567],[-122.965408,38.187113],[-122.968112,38.202428],[-122.993959,38.237602],[-122.968569,38.242879],[-122.967203,38.250691],[-122.977082,38.267902],[-122.986319,38.273164],[-123.002911,38.295708],[-123.024333,38.310573],[-123.038742,38.313576],[-123.051061,38.310693],[-123.053504,38.299385],[-123.063671,38.302178],[-123.074684,38.322574],[-123.068437,38.33521],[-123.068265,38.359865],[-123.128825,38.450418],[-123.202277,38.494314],[-123.249797,38.511045],[-123.287156,38.540223],[-123.331899,38.565542],[-123.343338,38.590008],[-123.371876,38.607235],[-123.398166,38.647044],[-123.441774,38.699744],[-123.461291,38.717001],[-123.514784,38.741966],[-123.541837,38.776764],[-123.579856,38.802835],[-123.58638,38.802857],[-123.605317,38.822765],[-123.647387,38.845472],[-123.659846,38.872529],[-123.71054,38.91323],[-123.725367,38.917438],[-123.726315,38.936367],[-123.738886,38.95412],[-123.729053,38.956667],[-123.711149,38.977316],[-123.6969,39.004401],[-123.690095,39.031157],[-123.693969,39.057363],[-123.713392,39.108422],[-123.721505,39.125327],[-123.737913,39.143442],[-123.742221,39.164885],[-123.765891,39.193657],[-123.774998,39.212083],[-123.777368,39.237214],[-123.787893,39.264327],[-123.803848,39.278771],[-123.803081,39.291747],[-123.811387,39.312825],[-123.808772,39.324368],[-123.822085,39.343857],[-123.826306,39.36871],[-123.81469,39.446538],[-123.766475,39.552803],[-123.787417,39.604552],[-123.782322,39.621486],[-123.792659,39.684122],[-123.808208,39.710715],[-123.829545,39.723071],[-123.838089,39.752409],[-123.839797,39.795637],[-123.851714,39.832041],[-123.907664,39.863028],[-123.930047,39.909697],[-123.954952,39.922373],[-123.980031,39.962458],[-124.035904,40.013319],[-124.056408,40.024305],[-124.068908,40.021307],[-124.079983,40.029773],[-124.080709,40.06611],[-124.110549,40.103765],[-124.187874,40.130542],[-124.214895,40.160902],[-124.296497,40.208816],[-124.320912,40.226617],[-124.327691,40.23737],[-124.34307,40.243979],[-124.363414,40.260974],[-124.363634,40.276212],[-124.347853,40.314634],[-124.362796,40.350046],[-124.365357,40.374855],[-124.373599,40.392923],[-124.391496,40.407047],[-124.409591,40.438076],[-124.38494,40.48982],[-124.383224,40.499852],[-124.387023,40.504954],[-124.382816,40.519],[-124.329404,40.61643],[-124.158322,40.876069],[-124.137066,40.925732],[-124.118147,40.989263],[-124.112165,41.028173],[-124.125448,41.048504],[-124.138217,41.054342],[-124.153622,41.05355],[-124.154513,41.087159],[-124.160556,41.099011],[-124.159065,41.121957],[-124.165414,41.129822],[-124.158539,41.143021],[-124.149674,41.140845],[-124.1438,41.144686],[-124.106986,41.229678],[-124.072294,41.374844],[-124.063076,41.439579],[-124.066057,41.470258],[-124.081427,41.511228],[-124.081987,41.547761],[-124.092404,41.553615],[-124.101123,41.569192],[-124.097385,41.585251],[-124.100961,41.602499],[-124.114413,41.616768],[-124.120225,41.640354],[-124.135552,41.657307],[-124.147412,41.717955],[-124.164716,41.740126],[-124.17739,41.745756],[-124.194953,41.736778],[-124.23972,41.7708],[-124.248704,41.771459],[-124.255994,41.783014],[-124.245027,41.7923],[-124.230678,41.818681],[-124.208439,41.888192],[-124.203402,41.940964],[-124.204948,41.983441],[-124.211605,41.99846],[-123.656998,41.995137],[-123.624554,41.999837],[-123.347562,41.999108],[-123.145959,42.009247],[-123.045254,42.003049],[-122.893961,42.002605],[-122.289533,42.007764]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"California\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","contact":"Director, New England Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
10 Bearfoot Road
Northborough, MA 01532
Accurately measuring nest survival is challenging because nests must be discovered to be monitored, but nests are typically not found on the first day of the nesting interval. Studies of nest survival therefore often monitor a sample that overrepresents older nests. To account for this sampling bias, a daily survival rate (DSR) is estimated and then used to calculate nest survival to the end of the interval. However, estimates of DSR (and thus nest survival) can still be biased if DSR changes with nest age and nests are not found at age 0. Including nest age as a covariate of DSR and carefully considering the method of estimating nest survival can prevent such biases, but many published studies have not fully accounted for changes in DSR with nest age. I used a simulation study to quantify biases in estimates of nest survival resulting from changes in DSR with nest age under a variety of scenarios. I tested four methods of estimating nest survival from the simulated datasets and evaluated the bias and variance of each estimate. Nest survival estimates were often strongly biased when DSR varied with age but DSR was assumed to be constant, as well as when the model included age as a covariate but calculated nest survival from DSR at the mean monitored nest age (the method typically used in previous studies). In contrast, biases were usually avoided when nest survival was calculated as the product of age-specific estimates of DSR across the full nesting interval. However, the unbiased estimates often showed large variance, especially when few nests were found at young ages. Future field studies can maximize the accuracy and precision of nest survival estimates by aiming to find nests at young ages, including age as a covariate in the DSR model, and calculating nest survival as the product of age-specific estimates of DSR when DSR changes with nest age.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/ornithapp/duab030","usgsCitation":"Weiser, E.L., 2021, Fully accounting for nest age reduces bias when quantifying nest survival: Ornithological Applications, v. 123, no. 3, duab030, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duab030.","productDescription":"duab030, 23 p.","ipdsId":"IP-123574","costCenters":[{"id":65299,"text":"Alaska Science Center Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":451735,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duab030","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436286,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9THD5GK","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Nest Survival Bias Analysis"},{"id":387895,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"123","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weiser, Emily L. 0000-0003-1598-659X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1598-659X","contributorId":213770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiser","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":65299,"text":"Alaska Science Center Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":821108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70221577,"text":"sim3474 - 2021 - Delineating the Pierre Shale from geophysical surveys within and near Ellsworth Air Force Base, South Dakota, 2019","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-14T16:06:18.123963","indexId":"sim3474","displayToPublicDate":"2021-06-28T07:21:51","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3474","displayTitle":"Delineating the Pierre Shale from Geophysical Surveys Within and Near Ellsworth Air Force Base, South Dakota, 2019","title":"Delineating the Pierre Shale from geophysical surveys within and near Ellsworth Air Force Base, South Dakota, 2019","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Air Force Civil Engineering Center, investigated the use of surface geophysical methods to delineate the top of the Cretaceous Pierre Shale along survey transects in selected areas within and near Ellsworth Air Force Base, South Dakota. Two complementary geophysical methods—electrical resistivity and passive seismic—were used along 26 co-located transect surveys within and near Ellsworth Air Force Base for a total of 12.7 line-kilometers. Electrical resistivity results were analyzed using EarthImager2D electrical resistivity tomography processing and inversion software. Two-dimensional earth models showing the electrical properties of the subsurface were evaluated by directly comparing the high and low subsurface resistivity values to a surficial geologic map and nearby wells with driller logs. Passive seismic data were analyzed using the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio method to determine the depth to the Pierre Shale at each survey point. The electrical resistivity and passive seismic results were compared to driller logs from nearby wells to delineate the top of the Pierre Shale. The depth to the Pierre Shale along the transects ranged from about 2.4 to 20.3 meters, and mean and median depths were about 9.2 and 9.0 meters, respectively. The elevation of the Pierre Shale and thickness of unconsolidated deposits generally increased with land-surface elevation from south to north; however, some transects displayed topographically high and low areas that sometimes did not correlate with land-surface topography and may affect local groundwater flow.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3474","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Air Force Civil Engineering Center","usgsCitation":"Medler, C.J., and Anderson, T.M., 2021, Delineating the Pierre Shale from geophysical surveys within and near Ellsworth Air Force Base, South Dakota, 2019: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3474, 3 sheets, 16-p. pamphlet, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3474.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: ix,16 p.; 3 Sheets: 48.00 x 40.00 inches or smaller; Data Release; Dataset","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-126004","costCenters":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386683,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3474/sim3474_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","size":"2.44 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3474 Pamphlet"},{"id":386682,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3474/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":398136,"rank":10,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sim3474/full","text":"Pamphlet","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":398000,"rank":9,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3474/images"},{"id":386688,"rank":7,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System database","linkHelpText":"— USGS water data for the Nation"},{"id":386687,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9XSJH17","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) and Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) data collected within and near Ellsworth Air Force Base, South Dakota, from 2014 to 2019"},{"id":386686,"rank":5,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3474/sim3474_sheet03.pdf","text":"Sheet 3","size":"9.47 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3474 Sheet 3","linkHelpText":"— Electrical resistivity tomography inversion results with depth to Pierre Shale from horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio results for transects 9A, 9B, 9C, 11, 8A, 8B, 8C, 10, and 12, Ellsworth Air Force Base, South Dakota"},{"id":386685,"rank":4,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3474/sim3474_sheet02.pdf","text":"Sheet 2","size":"10.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3474 Sheet 2","linkHelpText":"— Electrical resistivity tomography inversion results with depth to Pierre Shale from horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio results for transects 4A1, 4A2, 2, 3A, 3B, 3C, and 5, Ellsworth Air Force Base, South Dakota"},{"id":386684,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3474/sim3474_sheet01.pdf","text":"Sheet 1","size":"8.39 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3474 Sheet 1","linkHelpText":"— Electrical resistivity tomography inversion results with depth to Pierre Shale from horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio results for transects 1C1, 1C2, 14, 15, 13A, 13B, 1A, 1B, 4B, and 4C, Ellsworth Air Force Base, South Dakota"},{"id":397999,"rank":8,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3474/sim3474.XML"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Ellsworth Air Force Base","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.14857482910155,\n 44.10977494207831\n ],\n [\n -103.04145812988281,\n 44.10977494207831\n ],\n [\n -103.04145812988281,\n 44.17136989600329\n ],\n [\n -103.14857482910155,\n 44.17136989600329\n ],\n [\n -103.14857482910155,\n 44.10977494207831\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Dakota Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
821 East Interstate Avenue
Bismarck, ND 58503
1608 Mountain View Road
Rapid City, SD 57702
Understanding the structure and composition of landscapes can empower agencies to effectively manage public lands for multiple uses while sustaining land health. Many landscape metrics exist, but they are not often used in public land decision-making. Our objectives were to (1) develop and (2) apply a process for identifying a core set of indicators that public land managers can use to understand landscape-level resource patterns on and around public lands. We first developed a process for identifying indicators that are grounded in policy, feasible to quantify using existing data and resources, and useful for managers. We surveyed landscape monitoring efforts by other agencies, gathered science and agency input on monitoring goals, and quantified the prevalence of potential indicators in agency land health standards to identify five landscape indicators: amount, distribution, patch size, structural connectivity, and diversity of vegetation types. We then conducted pilot applications in four bureau of land management (BLM) field offices in Arizona, California, and Colorado to refine procedures for quantifying the indicators and assess the utility of the indicators for managers. Results highlighted the dominance of upland and the limited extent of riparian/wetland vegetation communities, moderate connectivity of priority vegetation patches, and lower diversity of native vegetation types on BLM compared to non-BLM lands. Agency staff can use the indicators to inform the development of quantitative resource management objectives in land use plans, evaluate progress in meeting those objectives, quantify potential impacts of proposed actions, and as a foundation for an all-lands approach to landscape-level management across public lands.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s00267-021-01493-8","usgsCitation":"Carter, S.K., Burris, L., Domschke, C., Garman, S.L., Haby, T., Harms, B., Kachergis, E., Litschert, S.E., and Miller, K., 2021, Identifying policy-relevant indicators for assessing landscape vegetation patterns to inform planning and management on multiple use public lands: Environmental Management, v. 68, p. 426-443, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-021-01493-8.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"426","endPage":"443","ipdsId":"IP-120719","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":451737,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-021-01493-8","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":390386,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-06-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, Sarah K. 0000-0003-3778-8615","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3778-8615","contributorId":192418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":824906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burris, Lucy","contributorId":267280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burris","given":"Lucy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":824907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Domschke, Chris","contributorId":267281,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Domschke","given":"Chris","affiliations":[{"id":7217,"text":"Bureau of Land Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":824908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Garman, Steven L 0000-0002-9032-9074","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9032-9074","contributorId":267282,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garman","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"L","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":824909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haby, Travis","contributorId":202409,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haby","given":"Travis","affiliations":[{"id":36421,"text":"Bureau of Land Management National Operations Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":824996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Harms, Benjamin R","contributorId":267283,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harms","given":"Benjamin R","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":824910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kachergis, Emily","contributorId":195930,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kachergis","given":"Emily","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":824911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Miller, Kevin","contributorId":178815,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Kevin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":824913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Litschert, S. E.","contributorId":267284,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Litschert","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":55460,"text":"Quantum Spatial, Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":824912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70230358,"text":"70230358 - 2021 - Identification of low-frequency earthquakes on the San Andreas fault with deep learning","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-08T11:58:40.972488","indexId":"70230358","displayToPublicDate":"2021-06-26T06:56:22","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identification of low-frequency earthquakes on the San Andreas fault with deep learning","docAbstract":"Low-frequency earthquakes are a seismic manifestation of slow fault slip. Their emergent onsets, low amplitudes, and unique frequency characteristics make these events difficult to detect in continuous seismic data. Here, we train a convolutional neural network to detect low-frequency earthquakes near Parkfield, CA using the catalog of Shelly (2017), https://doi.org/10.1002/2017jb014047 as training data. We explore how varying model size and targets influence the performance of the resulting network. Our preferred network has a peak accuracy of 85% and can reliably pick low-frequency earthquake (LFE) S-wave arrival times on single station records. We demonstrate the abilities of the network using data from permanent and temporary stations near Parkfield, and show that it detects new LFEs that are not part of the Shelly (2017), https://doi.org/10.1002/2017jb014047 catalog. Overall, machine-learning approaches show great promise for identifying additional low-frequency earthquake sources. The technique is fast, generalizable, and does not require sources to repeat.
A two-dimensional hydraulic model; water-surface profiles; and digital maps of water-surface elevation, velocities, and water depths were developed for a 6.7-mile reach of Joachim Creek within and near the city of De Soto, Missouri. Water-surface profiles were generated for the 10-, 4-, 2-, 1-, and 0.2-percent annual exceedance probability (10-, 25-, 50-, 100-, and 500-year recurrence interval) flows. Digital maps of water-surface elevation, water depth, and velocity were generated for the 1- and 0.2-percent annual exceedance probability flows. Water-surface elevations and inundation extents of generated profiles and maps were substantially lower than similar products produced for the 2019 flood-insurance study that included the study reach. The differences in water-surface elevations can be attributed to differences in input streamflows and hydraulic simulation techniques.
The water-surface elevations generated for the 1- and 0.2-percent annual exceedance probability flows were used to assess the vulnerability and inundation depths of 231 selected structures within the city of De Soto. Results indicate that 157 to 177 of the 231 structures were affected at the 1-percent annual exceedance probability flow, depending on the adjacent grade elevation used for reference. Between 185 and 198 structures were affected at the 0.2-percent annual exceedance probability flow, depending on grade elevation. Inundation depths at the affected structures were 0.02 to 9.28 feet (ft), depending on the flow and adjacent grade reference.
Flood elevations were computed for Joachim Creek using a two-dimensional, finite-volume numerical modeling application for river hydraulics. The hydraulic model was calibrated using high-water marks from the April 18, 2013, flood and the maximum measured streamflow at the U.S. Geological Survey streamgage Joachim Creek at De Soto, Mo. (station 07019500), on September 8, 2018. The calibrated model was then used to compute the hydraulic conditions associated with the 10-, 4-, 2-, 1-, and 0.2-percent annual exceedance probability flows. The simulated water-surface elevations and digital elevation model (derived from light detection and ranging data having a 0.60-ft vertical accuracy and a 1.97-ft horizontal resolution) were used to generate products including water-surface profiles and maps of inundated area, water depth, and velocities using model postprocessing software.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20215058","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of De Soto, Missouri","usgsCitation":"Hix, K.D., Rydlund, P.H., and Heimann, D.C., 2021, Two-dimensional hydraulic analyses of Joachim Creek, De Soto, Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2021–5058, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20215058.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 28 p.; Appendix; 2 Data Releases; Dataset","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-124332","costCenters":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386714,"rank":7,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System database","description":"USGS dataset","linkHelpText":"— USGS water data for the Nation"},{"id":386713,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P92MQYE7","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Geospatial data and model archive associated with the two-dimensional hydraulic analysis of Joachim Creek, De Soto, Missouri"},{"id":386712,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ACXXI7","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"PeakFQ software input files and selected output files for selected long-term streamgages near Jefferson County, Missouri, through water year 2019"},{"id":386711,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5058/sir20215058_table1.1.csv","text":"Table 1.1 (.csv format)","size":"18.2 kB","linkFileType":{"id":7,"text":"csv"},"description":"SIR 2021–5058 Appendix 1.1","linkHelpText":"— Summary of water-surface elevations and depths at selected structures in the city of De Soto, Missouri, for 1- and 0.2-percent annual exceedance probability streamflows"},{"id":386710,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5058/sir20215058_table1.1.xlsx","text":"Table 1.1 (.xlsx format)","size":"34.6 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2021–5058 Appendix 1.1","linkHelpText":"— Summary of water-surface elevations and depths at selected structures in the city of De Soto, Missouri, for 1- and 0.2-percent annual exceedance probability streamflows"},{"id":386709,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5058/sir20215058.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2021–5058"},{"id":386708,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5058/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","county":"Jefferson County","otherGeospatial":"Joachim Creek","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-90.3435,38.3872],[-90.3467,38.3829],[-90.3507,38.3774],[-90.3536,38.372],[-90.3565,38.367],[-90.3566,38.362],[-90.3579,38.357],[-90.3598,38.3516],[-90.3617,38.3471],[-90.3648,38.3422],[-90.3673,38.3372],[-90.3698,38.3319],[-90.3713,38.3274],[-90.3724,38.3224],[-90.3723,38.3179],[-90.3728,38.3116],[-90.3729,38.307],[-90.3727,38.3011],[-90.3731,38.288],[-90.373,38.278],[-90.37,38.269],[-90.3682,38.2622],[-90.3663,38.255],[-90.3645,38.2486],[-90.3624,38.2424],[-90.3603,38.2356],[-90.3564,38.2264],[-90.3524,38.2197],[-90.3498,38.2141],[-90.3453,38.208],[-90.3413,38.2031],[-90.3373,38.1989],[-90.3334,38.1949],[-90.3292,38.1904],[-90.3222,38.1846],[-90.3185,38.1823],[-90.3133,38.1805],[-90.3092,38.1787],[-90.3028,38.177],[-90.297,38.1751],[-90.2904,38.1725],[-90.2839,38.1689],[-90.2792,38.1652],[-90.2745,38.1604],[-90.2709,38.1559],[-90.2673,38.1501],[-90.2634,38.1441],[-90.256,38.1333],[-90.2504,38.1255],[-90.2493,38.1239],[-90.2512,38.123],[-90.2513,38.1198],[-90.2554,38.1195],[-90.259,38.115],[-90.2633,38.1096],[-90.2674,38.1088],[-90.2756,38.1094],[-90.2785,38.109],[-90.281,38.1045],[-90.287,38.0983],[-90.2925,38.0925],[-90.2972,38.0898],[-90.303,38.0922],[-90.31,38.0946],[-90.3163,38.0974],[-90.3227,38.0975],[-90.3315,38.0995],[-90.4137,38.0447],[-90.583,38.009],[-90.6279,38.0115],[-90.6278,38.0155],[-90.6243,38.0173],[-90.6132,38.018],[-90.6142,38.0235],[-90.6169,38.0308],[-90.6197,38.0372],[-90.6184,38.0417],[-90.6183,38.0471],[-90.6198,38.0553],[-90.6202,38.0608],[-90.6172,38.0639],[-90.6136,38.0684],[-90.6124,38.0724],[-90.6146,38.0765],[-90.6215,38.0794],[-90.6286,38.0786],[-90.6333,38.0773],[-90.6367,38.0801],[-90.6396,38.081],[-90.6466,38.0834],[-90.653,38.0848],[-90.6582,38.0867],[-90.6587,38.0899],[-90.6557,38.0921],[-90.6516,38.0948],[-90.6515,38.0975],[-90.6544,38.0994],[-90.6584,38.0994],[-90.6597,38.0967],[-90.6609,38.094],[-90.6633,38.0927],[-90.6668,38.0919],[-90.6797,38.0911],[-90.6838,38.0912],[-90.6844,38.0926],[-90.682,38.0948],[-90.6784,38.0975],[-90.6766,38.0992],[-90.6783,38.1024],[-90.7788,38.2077],[-90.7386,38.4184],[-90.7358,38.4832],[-90.7282,38.4821],[-90.7194,38.4811],[-90.7165,38.4802],[-90.7172,38.4734],[-90.7161,38.4729],[-90.7125,38.4733],[-90.7096,38.4751],[-90.7037,38.4763],[-90.6967,38.474],[-90.6898,38.4653],[-90.6875,38.4625],[-90.6888,38.4585],[-90.69,38.4567],[-90.6889,38.4557],[-90.6818,38.4574],[-90.68,38.4565],[-90.683,38.4543],[-90.6837,38.4511],[-90.6802,38.4497],[-90.6743,38.4505],[-90.6589,38.4571],[-90.6547,38.4598],[-90.6546,38.4638],[-90.6574,38.4698],[-90.6596,38.4734],[-90.6594,38.4811],[-90.6569,38.4883],[-90.6516,38.4905],[-90.6456,38.4927],[-90.6398,38.4922],[-90.6328,38.4884],[-90.6282,38.4847],[-90.623,38.481],[-90.6189,38.4787],[-90.6143,38.4773],[-90.6084,38.4785],[-90.6041,38.4839],[-90.5998,38.4902],[-90.5967,38.4951],[-90.5918,38.5032],[-90.5906,38.5064],[-90.4089,38.5039],[-90.406,38.5016],[-90.4061,38.4984],[-90.4079,38.4962],[-90.4075,38.4912],[-90.4052,38.4884],[-90.4083,38.4839],[-90.4119,38.4822],[-90.4125,38.4822],[-90.4137,38.4813],[-90.4154,38.4818],[-90.4201,38.4837],[-90.4218,38.4832],[-90.4224,38.4833],[-90.4224,38.4824],[-90.4214,38.4774],[-90.4215,38.4751],[-90.4159,38.4627],[-90.4102,38.4581],[-90.4067,38.4567],[-90.4026,38.4571],[-90.399,38.4593],[-90.3954,38.461],[-90.3919,38.4601],[-90.3903,38.4569],[-90.3868,38.455],[-90.3773,38.4562],[-90.3602,38.46],[-90.356,38.4617],[-90.3466,38.4616],[-90.3443,38.4606],[-90.3402,38.4592],[-90.3368,38.456],[-90.3375,38.4496],[-90.3442,38.4434],[-90.3474,38.4348],[-90.3473,38.4194],[-90.3467,38.4167],[-90.3488,38.4072],[-90.345,38.3972],[-90.3451,38.3935],[-90.3435,38.3872]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Jefferson\",\"state\":\"MO\"}}]}","contact":"Director, Central Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1400 Independence Road
Rolla, MO 65401
Increasing demand for the limited water resources of the United States continues to put pressure on resource management agencies to balance the competing needs of ecosystem health with municipal, agricultural, and other uses. To meet these needs, the U.S. Geological Survey conducted a multiyear study to evaluate water resources in the upper Rio Grande Basin in the southwestern United States. The upper Rio Grande Basin extends from south-central Colorado, through New Mexico, into west Texas near Fort Quitman, including parts of Chihuahua, Mexico. The upper Rio Grande Basin consists of a sequence of alluvial basins that formed in the Rio Grande rift approximately 30 million years ago.
This report describes the hydrogeology of the upper Rio Grande Basin and how the groundwater resources in the basin have changed from 1980 to 2015. The hydrogeologic framework includes the horizontal delineation of the alluvial basins within the upper Rio Grande Basin from the headwaters in Colorado to Fort Quitman, Texas, including part of Mexico. Groundwater-level measurements from existing State and Federal data were used to construct groundwater-level altitude and groundwater-level change maps.
Of the 2,699 wells with groundwater-level data used in this study, 1,055 wells had data for only a single 5-year period, 703 wells had data for 50 percent or more of the 35 years of the study, and only 57 wells have 5-year groundwater-level data for the entire study period. The median decline in water levels in the upper Rio Grande Basin was 0.13 foot (ft) per 5-year period, and declines were measured in 53 percent of the 703 wells that contained data for 50 percent or more of the study period. Rates of groundwater-level decline greater than 1 ft per 5-year period were measured in 17 percent of the wells, greater than 2 ft per 5-year period, in 3 percent of the wells, and greater than 3 ft per 5-year period, in 1 percent of the wells. Overall, groundwater levels rose in 6 percent of the 703 wells that contained data for 50 percent or more of the study period, and in 4 percent of the wells, groundwater levels rose by 1 ft or more per 5-year period.
Groundwater-level changes in wells with consecutive 5-year measurement periods exhibited the most variability in the Española, Middle Rio Grande, and Mesilla/Conejos-Médanos alluvial basins. The largest declines in groundwater-level altitudes in individual wells were observed in the Española alluvial basin during 1995–2000, in the Palomas alluvial basin during 2010–2015, and in the Jornada del Muerto alluvial basin during 2005–10. The largest rises in groundwater-level altitudes in individual wells were observed in the Española alluvial basin during 2005–10, in the Middle Rio Grande alluvial basin during 1995–2000, and in the Mesilla/Conejos-Médanos alluvial basin during 1980–85.
Changes in groundwater storage throughout the study period varied by alluvial basin, likely based largely on changes in groundwater withdrawals because of increased demands during drier periods and population growth. All alluvial basins except the Tularosa-Hueco alluvial basin were evaluated for changes in groundwater storage from 1980 to 2015. Extremely limited data availability in 2010–15 for the Tularosa-Hueco alluvial basin led to this 5-year period being dropped from the groundwater-level change map and storage analysis for this basin.
In the San Luis Valley in southern Colorado, efforts to reverse groundwater depletion in the unconfined aquifer recovered approximately 250,000 acre-feet in storage between late 2013 and early 2018, following the implementation of a “pay-to-pump” groundwater program. However, severe drought that persists in the upper Rio Grande Basin, particularly in southern Colorado, has undone some of the conservation efforts. Within the Española alluvial basin, groundwater storage varied because municipal demand increased the demand on groundwater resources and conservation efforts were implemented. A groundwater-flow model evaluated for the Española alluvial basin indicated declines in groundwater storage from 1947 through 1982. Groundwater storage decreased in the Española alluvial basin in 1980–85, 1985–90, 1990–95, 1995–2000, and 2005–10 and increased in 2000–05 and 2010–15 leading to groundwater storage in 2015 about even with that in 1985.
Based on gridded groundwater-level altitudes, groundwater storage decreased in the Middle Rio Grande Basin from 1980 to 2015, except for during the 1980–85, 2000–05, and 2010–15 periods with an overall cumulative storage decrease from 1980 to 2015. Groundwater-flow models evaluated for the Middle Rio Grande alluvial basin showed groundwater storage in the Middle Rio Grande alluvial basin has been reduced since the mid-1950s through the end of the study period except for a brief recovery (reduction in storage outflow) in the mid-1980s. Simulated groundwater storage has also decreased in parts of the Palomas and Mesilla/Conejos-Médanos alluvial basins, and the northern part of the Conejos-Médanos alluvial basin starting in 1995 (excluding 2005 and 2007) and in the Tularosa-Hueco alluvial basin from the early 1940s to the end of the study period. Groundwater storage increased in the Mesilla/Conejos-Médanos alluvial basin during 1980–85 and slightly during 1990–95 and then decreased in the other 5-year periods. Groundwater storage in the Tularosa-Hueco alluvial basin increased from 1985 to 1990, but otherwise decreased, leading to an overall net groundwater-level decline in this part of the basin from 1980 to 2010.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20215035","programNote":"Water Availability and Use Science Program","usgsCitation":"Houston, N.A., Thomas, J.V., Foster, L.K., Pedraza, D.E., and Welborn, T.L., 2021, Hydrogeologic framework and groundwater characterization in selected alluvial basins in the upper Rio Grande basin, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas, United States, and Chihuahua, Mexico, 1980 to 2015: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2021–5035, 71 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20215035.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 71 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"71","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-094878","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436289,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9XSJH17","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) and Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) Data Collected Within and Near Ellsworth Air Force Base, South Dakota, from 2014 to 2019"},{"id":386627,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7N58KBS","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Hydrogeologic, geologic, and water-level data for the groundwater component of the upper Rio Grande Focus Area Study, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas, United States and Chihuahua, Mexico 2017"},{"id":386626,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5035/sir20215035.pdf","text":"Report","size":"22.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2021-5035"},{"id":386625,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5035/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","state":"Colorado, New Mexico, Texas, Chihuahua","otherGeospatial":"Upper Rio Grande Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.5341796875,\n 36.94989178681327\n ],\n [\n -107.9736328125,\n 35.67514743608467\n ],\n [\n -107.75390625,\n 33.358061612778876\n ],\n [\n -107.9736328125,\n 31.728167146023935\n ],\n [\n -107.6220703125,\n 30.524413269923986\n ],\n [\n -106.787109375,\n 29.611670115197377\n ],\n [\n -105.9521484375,\n 29.38217507514529\n ],\n [\n -105.3369140625,\n 30.372875188118016\n ],\n [\n -105.6884765625,\n 31.615965936476076\n ],\n [\n -105.4248046875,\n 33.063924198120645\n ],\n [\n -104.80957031249999,\n 35.53222622770337\n ],\n [\n -104.853515625,\n 38.09998264736481\n ],\n [\n -106.5673828125,\n 38.75408327579141\n ],\n [\n -107.314453125,\n 37.96152331396614\n ],\n [\n -107.5341796875,\n 36.94989178681327\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1505 Ferguson Lane
Austin, TX 78754–4501
Groundwater quality in the Silurian dolomite aquifer in northeastern Wisconsin, USA, has become contentious as dairy farms and exurban development expand.
We investigated private household wells in the region, determining the extent, sources, and risk factors of nitrate and microbial contamination.
Total coliforms, Escherichia coli, and nitrate were evaluated by synoptic sampling during groundwater recharge and no-recharge periods. Additional seasonal sampling measured genetic markers of human and bovine fecal-associated microbes and enteric zoonotic pathogens. We constructed multivariable regression models of detection probability (log-binomial) and concentration (gamma) for each contaminant to identify risk factors related to land use, precipitation, hydrogeology, and well construction.
Total coliforms and nitrate were strongly associated with depth-to-bedrock at well sites and nearby agricultural land use, but not septic systems. Both human wastewater and cattle manure contributed to well contamination. Rotavirus group A, Cryptosporidium, and Salmonella were the most frequently detected pathogens. Wells positive for human fecal markers were associated with depth-to-groundwater and number of septic system drainfield within
These findings may inform policies to minimize contamination of the Silurian dolomite aquifer, a major water supply for the U.S. and Canadian Great Lakes region.
","language":"English","publisher":"Environmental health Perspectives","doi":"10.1289/EHP7813","usgsCitation":"Borchardt, M.A., Stokdyk, J.P., Kieke, B.A., Muldoon, M.A., Spencer, S.K., Firnstahl, A.D., Bonness, D., Hunt, R., and Burch, T., 2021, Sources and risk factors for nitrate and microbial contamination of private household wells in the fractured dolomite aquifer of northeastern Wisconsin: Environmental Health Perspectives, v. 129, no. 6, 067004, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7813.","productDescription":"067004, 18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-120190","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":451762,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp7813","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":386701,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Kewaunee County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-87.3761,44.6754],[-87.3774,44.674],[-87.381,44.6636],[-87.3858,44.6545],[-87.3911,44.6473],[-87.3944,44.6442],[-87.3966,44.6378],[-87.4045,44.6302],[-87.4085,44.6257],[-87.4137,44.6235],[-87.4223,44.6145],[-87.4263,44.61],[-87.4341,44.6056],[-87.442,44.6011],[-87.4428,44.5934],[-87.4468,44.5893],[-87.4502,44.5816],[-87.4544,44.5721],[-87.4604,44.5622],[-87.4664,44.555],[-87.4738,44.5455],[-87.476,44.5369],[-87.4761,44.5305],[-87.4796,44.5223],[-87.4851,44.5106],[-87.488,44.4974],[-87.4959,44.4706],[-87.5046,44.4575],[-87.5041,44.4534],[-87.5062,44.4457],[-87.5064,44.4375],[-87.5074,44.4279],[-87.5121,44.4188],[-87.5163,44.408],[-87.5191,44.3998],[-87.5212,44.3907],[-87.5209,44.3816],[-87.5218,44.3734],[-87.5232,44.3688],[-87.5279,44.3602],[-87.5351,44.3521],[-87.5386,44.3422],[-87.5368,44.338],[-87.5408,44.3331],[-87.5454,44.3277],[-87.6445,44.3273],[-87.7665,44.3271],[-87.7655,44.4146],[-87.7646,44.5017],[-87.7643,44.5888],[-87.7628,44.6477],[-87.7582,44.6522],[-87.7555,44.6558],[-87.7547,44.6608],[-87.7507,44.6667],[-87.7435,44.673],[-87.7389,44.6775],[-87.6413,44.6757],[-87.5193,44.6753],[-87.4384,44.6754],[-87.3973,44.6753],[-87.3761,44.6754]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Kewaunee\",\"state\":\"WI\"}}]}","volume":"129","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Borchardt, Mark A. 0000-0002-6471-2627","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6471-2627","contributorId":151033,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Borchardt","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6684,"text":"USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Aiken, SC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stokdyk, Joel P. 0000-0003-2887-6277 jstokdyk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2887-6277","contributorId":193848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stokdyk","given":"Joel","email":"jstokdyk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":818174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kieke, Burney A","contributorId":195802,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kieke","given":"Burney","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Muldoon, Maureen A.","contributorId":198974,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Muldoon","given":"Maureen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Spencer, Susan K.","contributorId":181738,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spencer","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Firnstahl, Aaron D. 0000-0003-2686-7596 afirnstahl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2686-7596","contributorId":168296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Firnstahl","given":"Aaron","email":"afirnstahl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":818178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bonness, Davina","contributorId":260613,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bonness","given":"Davina","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52618,"text":"Kewaunee County","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hunt, Randall J. 0000-0001-6465-9304","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":16118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randall J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":818180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Burch, Tucker R.","contributorId":195801,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burch","given":"Tucker R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70221438,"text":"tm6G1 - 2021 - Probabilistic methodology for the assessment of original and recoverable coal resources, illustrated with an application to a coal bed in the Fort Union Formation, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-24T13:59:13.479713","indexId":"tm6G1","displayToPublicDate":"2021-06-23T08:54:00","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"6-G1","displayTitle":"Probabilistic Methodology for the Assessment of Original and Recoverable Coal Resources, Illustrated with an Application to a Coal Bed in the Fort Union Formation, Wyoming","title":"Probabilistic methodology for the assessment of original and recoverable coal resources, illustrated with an application to a coal bed in the Fort Union Formation, Wyoming","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has been using its Circular 891 for evaluating uncertainty in coal resource assessments for more than 35 years. Calculated cell tonnages are assigned to four qualitative reliability classes depending exclusively on distance to the nearest drill hole. The main appeal of this methodology, simplicity, is also its main drawback. Reliability may depend so marginally on distance to the nearest drill hole that, over time, it has become evident that Circular 891 is inadequate for modeling reliability and is limited by other shortcomings. The present publication describes the use of geostatistics as an approach allowing a more satisfactory performance than that which is achieved following Circular 891. Geostatistics takes advantage of partly random and partly organized fluctuations in attributes such as coal thickness, coal density, and elevation of the top of a coal bed, borrowing concepts and tools that have been standard features in statistics and risk analysis for decades. Considering that readers interested in this study may not have the background to go directly into the details of the methodology, we start by explaining geostatistical concepts and modeling techniques. The remainder of the publication is devoted to formulating the assessment methodology, applying it to data from the Fillmore Ranch coal bed in the Fort Union Formation in Wyoming, and explaining the computer software applied for performing calculations and displays. The assessment methodology has been designed to report three different forms of resources: coal in place, coal mineable by surface mining methods, and coal mineable by underground mining methods. These three types of resources are reported graphically by displaying both the magnitude and the reliability of total coal resources and resources at the cell scale. In the case of the Fillmore Ranch coal bed example, there is a 90-percent probability that the resources in place are 9.687 ± 0.383 billion short tons (bst), while the coal available for underground mining is 2.279 ± 0.160 bst, and that available for surface mining is only 0.240 ± 0.025 bst because of the steep dip to the west away from the outcrop. These magnitudes are derived from numerical probability distributions not following any specific form.
Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, MS 954
Reston, VA 20192
Between 2012 and 2016, California suffered one of the most severe droughts on record. During this period Sequoiadendron giganteum (giant sequoias) in the Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks (SEKI), California, USA experienced canopy water content (CWC) loss, unprecedented foliage senescence, and, in a few cases, death. We present an assessment of the vulnerability of giant sequoia populations to droughts that is currently lacking and needed for management. We used a temporal trend of remotely sensed CWC obtained between 2015 and 2017, and recently georeferenced giant sequoia crowns to quantify the vulnerability of 7,408 individuals in 10 groves in the northern portion of SEKI. CWC is sensitive to changes in liquid water in tree canopies; therefore, it is a useful metric for quantifying the response of sequoia trees to drought. Temporal trends indicated that 9% of giant sequoias had a significant decline or consistently low CWC, suggesting these trees were likely operating at low photosynthetic capacity and potentially at high risk to drought stress. We also found that 20% of the giant sequoias had an increase or consistently high level of CWC, indicating these trees were at low risk to drought stress. These vulnerability categories were used in a random forest model with a combination of topographic, fire-related, and climate variables to generate high-resolution vulnerability risk maps. These maps show that higher risk is associated with lower elevation and higher climate water deficit. We also found that sequoias at higher elevations but located near meadows had higher vulnerability risk. These results and the vulnerability maps can identify vulnerable sequoias that may be difficult to save or locations of refugia to be protected, and thus may aid forest managers in preparation for future droughts.
Conservation actions to safeguard climate change vulnerable species may not be utilized due to a variety of perceived barriers. Assisted colonization, the intentional movement and release of an organism outside its historical range, is one tool available for species predicted to lose habitat under future climate change scenarios, particularly for single island or single mountain range endemic species. Despite the existence of policies that allow for this action, to date, assisted colonization has rarely been utilized for species of conservation concern in the Hawaiian Islands. Given the potential for climate driven biodiversity loss, the Hawaiian Islands are a prime location for the consideration of adaptation strategies. We used first-person interviews with conservation decision makers, managers, and scientists who work with endangered species in the Hawaiian Islands to identify perceived barriers to the use of assisted colonization. We found that assisted colonization was often not considered or utilized due to a lack of expertize with translocations; ecological risk and uncertainty, economic constraints, concerns regarding policies and permitting, concerns with public perception, and institutional resistance. Therefore, conservation planners may benefit from decision tools that integrate risk and uncertainty into decision models, and compare potential outcomes among conservation actions under consideration, including assisted colonization. Within a decision framework that addresses concerns, all conservation actions for climate sensitive species, including assisted colonization, may be considered in a timely manner.
Understanding of morphodynamic processes associated with large-scale floods has recently improved following significant advances of modern technologies. Nevertheless, a clear link between flood discharge and in-channel sedimentation processes remains to be resolved. The hydrological and geomorphological data available for the meandering Powder River (Montana, USA) since 1977 makes it a perfect laboratory to investigate connections between flood discharge and point-bar sedimentation processes. This study focuses on a point-bar that accreted laterally ca 70 m during a 50-year recurrence flood, which lasted about 14 days in May 1978. In September 2018, a trench ca 2 m deep and 70 m long was excavated through the axial point-bar deposits, and the 1978 flood deposits were delineated based on georeferenced pre-flood and post-flood cross-section surveys. Sedimentological data show that point-bar deposits accumulated at the early and late flood stages, when the flow was confined to the channel, and have similarities with classical facies models in terms of palaeocurrent patterns and vertical grain-size trend. However, during high-stage flood conditions, when the flow overtopped the bar, cross-cutting of the bar and armouring were typical processes. Integration of sedimentological and palaeo-hydrological data highlight that the relation between channel cross-sectional area and flood discharge play a key role in preserving bar deposits. The integrated approach adopted here provides a basis for advancing palaeoflood hydrology beyond the stage of estimating peak discharges to the next stage of estimating palaeoflood hydrographs.
Control methods that target specific traits of an invasive species can produce results contrary to the aims of management. If targeted phenotypes exhibit heritability, then it follows that the invasive species could evolve greater resistance to the applied control measures over time. Additional complications emerge if those traits targeted by control are also inversely related to reproductive success. Given this, prudent considerations for invasive species management are to quantify the heritability of traits selected through control measures and gauge their relationship with reproductive success. Herein we provide a case study utilizing long-term field data and a multi-generational pedigree of an experimentally-closed population of brown treesnakes (N = 426; Boiga irregularis) on Guam. We employed an “animal model” to estimate the narrow-sense heritability (h2) for annual body condition, a trait related to both susceptibility to a primary tool used for brown treesnake control (i.e., live-lure traps) and annual reproductive success. Annual body condition displayed significant heritability [h2 = 0.149 (95% highest posterior density interval: 0.059–0.220)]. Considering a negative effect of body condition on susceptibility to trap capture but positive effect on reproductive success, significant heritability of body condition suggests the potential for live-lure traps to lose efficacy over time while also eliciting an undesirable effect on brown treesnake fecundity. Our results highlight the potential for negative repercussions that can stem from management actions, while also serving to underscore the evolutionary implications that are often overlooked but subsumed within invasive species control.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10530-021-02588-3","usgsCitation":"Levine, B., Douglas, M.R., Yackel Adams, A.A., Lardner, B., Reed, R., Savidge, J.A., and Douglas, M.E., 2021, Trait heritability and its implications for the management of an invasive vertebrate: Biological Invasions, v. 23, p. 3447-3456, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-021-02588-3.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"3447","endPage":"3456","ipdsId":"IP-124543","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386980,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Levine, Brenna A","contributorId":243207,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Levine","given":"Brenna A","affiliations":[{"id":38022,"text":"University of Tulsa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Douglas, Marlis R","contributorId":243208,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Douglas","given":"Marlis","email":"","middleInitial":"R","affiliations":[{"id":6623,"text":"University of Arkansas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yackel Adams, Amy A. 0000-0002-7044-8447 yackela@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7044-8447","contributorId":3116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yackel Adams","given":"Amy","email":"yackela@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":818729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lardner, Bjorn","contributorId":225066,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lardner","given":"Bjorn","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reed, Robert 0000-0001-8349-6168 reedr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8349-6168","contributorId":152301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Robert","email":"reedr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":818731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Savidge, Julie A.","contributorId":175196,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Savidge","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Douglas, Michael E","contributorId":243209,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Douglas","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"E","affiliations":[{"id":6623,"text":"University of Arkansas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70228553,"text":"70228553 - 2021 - Assessing the robustness of time-to-event models for estimating unmarked wildlife abundance using remote cameras","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-14T20:47:10.973293","indexId":"70228553","displayToPublicDate":"2021-06-22T15:46:21","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing the robustness of time-to-event models for estimating unmarked wildlife abundance using remote cameras","docAbstract":"Recently developed methods, including time-to-event and space-to-event models, estimate the abundance of unmarked populations from encounter rates with camera trap arrays, addressing a gap in noninvasive wildlife monitoring. However, estimating abundance from encounter rates relies on assumptions that can be difficult to meet in the field, including random movement, population closure, and an accurate estimate of movement speed. Understanding how these models respond to violation of these assumptions will assist in making them more applicable in real-world settings. We used simulated walk models to test the effects of violating the assumptions of the time-to-event model under four scenarios: (1) incorrectly estimating movement speed, (2) violating closure, (3) individuals moving within simplified territories (i.e., movement restricted to partially overlapping circles), (4) and individuals clustering in preferred habitat. The time-to-event model was robust to closure violations, territoriality, and clustering when cameras were placed randomly. However, the model failed to estimate abundance accurately when movement speed was incorrectly estimated or cameras were placed nonrandomly with respect to habitat. We show that the time-to-event model can provide unbiased estimates of abundance when some assumptions that are commonly violated in wildlife studies are not met. Having a robust method for estimating the abundance of unmarked populations with remote cameras will allow practitioners to monitor a more diverse array of populations noninvasively. With the time-to-event model, placing cameras randomly with respect to animal movement and accurately estimating movement speed allows unbiased estimation of abundance. The model is robust to violating the other assumptions we tested.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/eap.2388","usgsCitation":"Loonam, K.E., Lukacs, P.M., Ausband, D.E., Mitchell, M.S., and Robinson, H., 2021, Assessing the robustness of time-to-event models for estimating unmarked wildlife abundance using remote cameras: Ecological Applications, v. 31, no. 6, e02388, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2388.","productDescription":"e02388, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-117335","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395934,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-07-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loonam, Kenneth E.","contributorId":276117,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loonam","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":48645,"text":"umt","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lukacs, Paul M.","contributorId":101240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lukacs","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":834571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ausband, David Edward 0000-0001-9204-9837","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9204-9837","contributorId":275329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ausband","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"Edward","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":834572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mitchell, Michael S. 0000-0002-0773-6905 mmitchel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0773-6905","contributorId":3716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"Michael","email":"mmitchel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":834569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Robinson, Hugh S.","contributorId":276113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"Hugh S.","affiliations":[{"id":48645,"text":"umt","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70220649,"text":"sim3475 - 2021 - Surficial geology of the northern San Luis Valley, Saguache, Fremont, Custer, Alamosa, Rio Grande, Conejos, and Costilla Counties, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-24T13:13:16.405477","indexId":"sim3475","displayToPublicDate":"2021-06-22T14:35:00","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3475","displayTitle":"Surficial Geology of the Northern San Luis Valley, Saguache, Fremont, Custer, Alamosa, Rio Grande, Conejos, and Costilla Counties, Colorado","title":"Surficial geology of the northern San Luis Valley, Saguache, Fremont, Custer, Alamosa, Rio Grande, Conejos, and Costilla Counties, Colorado","docAbstract":"The San Luis Valley and associated underlying basin of south-central Colorado and north-central New Mexico is the largest structural and hydrologic basin of the Rio Grande Rift and fluvial system. The surrounding San Juan and Sangre de Cristo Mountains reveal evidence of widespread volcanism and transtensional tectonism beginning in the Oligocene and continuing to the present, as seen in fault displacement of Pleistocene to Holocene deposits along the eastern basin-bounding Sangre de Cristo fault system and fault zones along the western margin of the basin. The San Luis basin can generally be subdivided into northern and southern basins at the structural and physiographic high terrain of the San Luis Hills in the center of the basin, proximal to the Colorado-New Mexico stateline. The northern San Luis Valley can be subdivided into two subbasins at approximately the latitude of the Great Sand Dunes and San Luis Lakes, where the endorheic northern subbasin surface and subsurface flow currently accumulate in a series of playa lakes. To the south of this playa region, the Rio Grande has captured basin hydrology into a through-going fluvial system cutting through the San Luis Hills, carving the Rio Grande gorge, and ultimately flowing into the Gulf of Mexico. This surficial geologic map of the northern San Luis Valley, paired with the Alamosa, CO 1:100,000-scale geologic map (U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3342) provides new and compiled geologic mapping that characterizes basin deposits and locates the traces of active faults, with the goal to provide geospatial data for future investigations related to western North American neotectonics, Pleistocene paleoclimate, and related geomorphic processes. In addition, present natural and anthropogenic water bodies have been located and updated for hydrologic modeling and water-usage investigations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3475","usgsCitation":"Ruleman, C.A., and Brandt, T.R., 2021, Surficial geology of the northern San Luis Valley, Saguache, Fremont, Custer, Alamosa, Rio Grande, Conejos, and Costilla Counties, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3475, 2 sheets, scale 1:75,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3475.","productDescription":"4 Sheets: 52.81 x 75.84 inches or smaller; ReadMe; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-092739","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386092,"rank":9,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3436","text":"Scientific Investigations Map 3346—","linkHelpText":"Geologic map of the Poncha Pass area, Chaffee, Fremont, and Saguache Counties, Colorado"},{"id":385874,"rank":8,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3342","text":"Scientific Investigations Map 3342—","linkHelpText":"Geologic map of the Alamosa 30’ × 60’ quadrangle, south-central Colorado"},{"id":385873,"rank":7,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9PUTQYK","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data release for Surficial Geology of the Northern San Luis Valley, Saguache, Fremont, Custer, Alamosa, Rio Grande, Conejos, and Costilla Counties, Colorado"},{"id":385872,"rank":6,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3475/ReadMe.txt","size":"7.0 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"SIM 3475 Read Me"},{"id":385875,"rank":5,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3475/sim3475_sheet2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2","size":"527 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3475 Sheet 2"},{"id":385870,"rank":4,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3475/sim3475_sheet1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1. hill shade and topography","size":"63.0 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3475 Sheet 1"},{"id":385871,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3475/sim3475_sheet1_georeferenced.pdf","text":"Sheet 1, georeferenced","size":"64.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3475 Sheet 1, georeferenced"},{"id":386040,"rank":2,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3475/sim3475_sheet1_hillshade_base.pdf","text":"Sheet 1, hill shade base","size":"22.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3475 Sheet 1, hill shade and base map"},{"id":385869,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3475/coverthb2.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Saguache County, Fremont County, Custer County, Alamosa County, Rio Grande County, Conejos County, Costilla County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-105.4581,37.7517],[-105.454,37.7472],[-105.4517,37.744],[-105.4506,37.7376],[-105.4518,37.7304],[-105.4571,37.7213],[-105.4607,37.7177],[-105.4712,37.7083],[-105.4759,37.7019],[-105.48,37.6938],[-105.4795,37.6906],[-105.4766,37.6856],[-105.4755,37.6802],[-105.4767,37.6711],[-105.4785,37.6625],[-105.4815,37.6566],[-105.4903,37.6349],[-105.4915,37.6286],[-105.4916,37.6227],[-105.4928,37.6186],[-105.4974,37.6159],[-105.4992,37.6141],[-105.498,37.6118],[-105.4917,37.6041],[-105.4929,37.6],[-105.4958,37.5982],[-105.4958,37.591],[-105.4872,37.576],[-105.4651,37.5818],[-105.4564,37.5863],[-105.45,37.593],[-105.4447,37.5993],[-105.4411,37.607],[-105.4376,37.6097],[-105.4254,37.6142],[-105.4132,37.6164],[-105.4074,37.6164],[-105.3981,37.6141],[-105.3946,37.6141],[-105.3917,37.6154],[-105.3893,37.6181],[-105.3858,37.6245],[-105.3794,37.6303],[-105.3741,37.6362],[-105.3717,37.6366],[-105.3555,37.6365],[-105.3479,37.6392],[-105.3275,37.6427],[-105.3141,37.6485],[-105.2977,37.6562],[-105.296,37.6557],[-105.2874,37.6484],[-105.2735,37.6415],[-105.2688,37.6401],[-105.2601,37.6396],[-105.2549,37.6373],[-105.2498,37.63],[-105.233,37.62],[-105.229,37.6195],[-105.2214,37.6222],[-105.215,37.623],[-105.2086,37.6216],[-105.1982,37.6188],[-105.1906,37.6188],[-105.1883,37.6174],[-105.1895,37.6147],[-105.1954,37.6084],[-105.196,37.6048],[-105.192,37.5952],[-105.1932,37.5939],[-105.1961,37.5943],[-105.199,37.5957],[-105.2019,37.5953],[-105.2072,37.5881],[-105.2148,37.5831],[-105.2148,37.5804],[-105.2143,37.5786],[-105.2085,37.5767],[-105.2004,37.5735],[-105.1958,37.5699],[-105.1889,37.5616],[-105.1809,37.5503],[-105.1793,37.5389],[-105.1731,37.5239],[-105.1721,37.5103],[-105.1728,37.4944],[-105.174,37.4917],[-105.1741,37.4868],[-105.1805,37.4814],[-105.1805,37.4777],[-105.1748,37.4732],[-105.1737,37.4691],[-105.1691,37.4645],[-105.1697,37.4627],[-105.1738,37.4577],[-105.1733,37.4559],[-105.171,37.4541],[-105.1652,37.4532],[-105.1576,37.4545],[-105.1547,37.4544],[-105.1513,37.4508],[-105.149,37.4458],[-105.144,37.429],[-105.1401,37.4185],[-105.1332,37.413],[-105.1315,37.4103],[-105.1321,37.4076],[-105.1374,37.4017],[-105.1461,37.3995],[-105.1566,37.3942],[-105.1607,37.3906],[-105.1654,37.3838],[-105.166,37.3774],[-105.1655,37.3711],[-105.1644,37.3647],[-105.1662,37.3589],[-105.1652,37.3466],[-105.1641,37.3421],[-105.1665,37.3353],[-105.1643,37.3235],[-105.1655,37.3176],[-105.1645,37.3085],[-105.1622,37.3031],[-105.1623,37.299],[-105.1641,37.294],[-105.1641,37.289],[-105.163,37.2868],[-105.1601,37.2872],[-105.1566,37.2885],[-105.1432,36.9958],[-105.8744,36.9972],[-106.0068,36.9967],[-106.2022,36.9948],[-106.4926,36.9935],[-106.509,37.0306],[-106.586,37.1491],[-106.5884,37.1522],[-106.5945,37.1953],[-106.6264,37.2087],[-106.6455,37.2172],[-106.6757,37.2297],[-106.676,37.3889],[-106.6755,37.3957],[-106.7079,37.3946],[-106.7087,37.4843],[-106.7128,37.662],[-106.6918,37.6621],[-106.6932,37.7509],[-106.6963,37.833],[-106.6955,37.8715],[-106.7166,37.8746],[-106.7218,37.8773],[-106.733,37.8853],[-106.7365,37.8862],[-106.7417,37.8853],[-106.7499,37.8825],[-106.7551,37.882],[-106.7645,37.8856],[-106.7733,37.891],[-106.7815,37.8982],[-106.7868,37.9045],[-106.7933,37.9085],[-106.7992,37.9108],[-106.805,37.9112],[-106.8091,37.9121],[-106.8126,37.9125],[-106.819,37.9152],[-106.8243,37.9169],[-106.8389,37.9159],[-106.8436,37.9168],[-106.85,37.9213],[-106.8571,37.9276],[-106.8684,37.9416],[-106.8772,37.946],[-106.8778,37.9483],[-106.8773,37.9546],[-106.8785,37.9578],[-106.8838,37.9591],[-106.8896,37.9627],[-106.8937,37.964],[-106.9019,37.964],[-106.9188,37.9634],[-106.927,37.9611],[-106.9368,37.9538],[-106.9403,37.9524],[-106.9438,37.9542],[-106.9568,37.9645],[-106.9633,37.9685],[-106.9679,37.9698],[-106.9732,37.9689],[-106.979,37.9661],[-106.9865,37.9606],[-106.9998,37.9551],[-106.9985,38.029],[-106.9987,38.0824],[-106.9978,38.1468],[-106.998,38.2039],[-106.9976,38.2184],[-106.9975,38.2973],[-106.9979,38.3263],[-106.9979,38.4165],[-106.6714,38.4196],[-106.5416,38.4203],[-106.2449,38.4212],[-106.0869,38.421],[-106.0805,38.4214],[-106.0758,38.4232],[-106.0646,38.4341],[-106.0593,38.4409],[-106.0582,38.4441],[-106.0576,38.4477],[-106.0576,38.45],[-106.057,38.4518],[-106.054,38.4532],[-106.0464,38.4545],[-106.0429,38.4554],[-106.0394,38.455],[-106.0311,38.4523],[-106.0258,38.45],[-106.0123,38.4477],[-106.007,38.45],[-105.9953,38.4591],[-105.9729,38.4749],[-105.9576,38.4872],[-105.9459,38.4944],[-105.9406,38.5003],[-105.9371,38.5012],[-105.9112,38.5039],[-105.9082,38.5048],[-105.9082,38.5071],[-105.9106,38.5139],[-105.9106,38.5189],[-105.9082,38.5243],[-105.9076,38.527],[-105.9076,38.5415],[-105.9053,38.5461],[-105.8988,38.5479],[-105.8958,38.5519],[-105.8935,38.5592],[-105.8899,38.5624],[-105.8864,38.5642],[-105.8852,38.5664],[-105.887,38.5687],[-105.8917,38.5732],[-105.8934,38.5773],[-105.8934,38.5818],[-105.8905,38.5868],[-105.881,38.5954],[-105.8781,38.5986],[-105.8781,38.6027],[-105.8851,38.6181],[-105.8922,38.6226],[-105.901,38.6249],[-105.9075,38.6272],[-105.911,38.6308],[-105.9134,38.6526],[-105.9151,38.6553],[-105.9245,38.6671],[-105.9275,38.6734],[-105.9381,38.6816],[-105.9416,38.6834],[-105.9605,38.6889],[-105.9646,38.6907],[-105.9451,38.6911],[-105.8325,38.6919],[-105.7777,38.6927],[-105.7211,38.6931],[-105.6633,38.6938],[-105.6279,38.6946],[-105.536,38.6952],[-105.4988,38.696],[-105.464,38.6963],[-105.385,38.6964],[-105.3319,38.697],[-105.2765,38.6972],[-105.2394,38.6965],[-105.2387,38.6462],[-105.1845,38.6458],[-105.1657,38.6461],[-105.0755,38.646],[-105.0507,38.6507],[-104.9989,38.649],[-104.9806,38.6479],[-104.9429,38.6467],[-104.9427,38.6186],[-104.9432,38.5479],[-104.9427,38.5003],[-104.9397,38.5003],[-104.939,38.43],[-104.9402,38.3448],[-104.9391,38.2587],[-105.0487,38.2582],[-105.0481,38.173],[-105.0481,38.0855],[-105.0468,37.9115],[-105.0584,37.9152],[-105.0607,37.9179],[-105.0624,37.9216],[-105.0618,37.9265],[-105.0605,37.9315],[-105.061,37.9401],[-105.0628,37.942],[-105.068,37.9447],[-105.0749,37.952],[-105.0772,37.9516],[-105.0866,37.9453],[-105.0937,37.9445],[-105.0989,37.9427],[-105.1042,37.9423],[-105.1216,37.9496],[-105.1227,37.9528],[-105.1238,37.9601],[-105.1255,37.9624],[-105.1296,37.9638],[-105.1319,37.9656],[-105.1319,37.9683],[-105.1301,37.9715],[-105.1301,37.9737],[-105.1341,37.9774],[-105.1376,37.9828],[-105.1439,37.987],[-105.1497,37.9952],[-105.1508,37.9988],[-105.1484,38.0065],[-105.1489,38.011],[-105.1512,38.0151],[-105.1564,38.0183],[-105.1628,38.0202],[-105.1687,38.0198],[-105.1751,38.0176],[-105.1951,38.0073],[-105.1986,38.0032],[-105.1999,37.9982],[-105.1994,37.9919],[-105.2005,37.9896],[-105.2029,37.9887],[-105.2059,37.9833],[-105.2082,37.9811],[-105.2129,37.9784],[-105.2159,37.9716],[-105.2183,37.9689],[-105.2253,37.9662],[-105.2341,37.9608],[-105.24,37.9554],[-105.2459,37.9487],[-105.2589,37.9383],[-105.2624,37.9324],[-105.2637,37.9225],[-105.2696,37.9135],[-105.2785,37.9022],[-105.2826,37.8999],[-105.2855,37.8995],[-105.2884,37.9009],[-105.2987,37.9209],[-105.3074,37.9318],[-105.3132,37.9346],[-105.3202,37.936],[-105.326,37.9364],[-105.3313,37.9342],[-105.3378,37.9288],[-105.3454,37.9248],[-105.3565,37.9226],[-105.3711,37.9176],[-105.377,37.9159],[-105.3816,37.9132],[-105.3987,37.8992],[-105.4075,37.8933],[-105.4122,37.8907],[-105.4197,37.8893],[-105.4325,37.8944],[-105.4413,37.8971],[-105.4564,37.8963],[-105.4716,37.8946],[-105.4746,37.8905],[-105.4752,37.886],[-105.474,37.8819],[-105.4676,37.8796],[-105.4542,37.8773],[-105.4484,37.875],[-105.4409,37.8699],[-105.4317,37.8558],[-105.4282,37.8486],[-105.4277,37.8436],[-105.4325,37.825],[-105.4337,37.8223],[-105.4332,37.8119],[-105.432,37.8074],[-105.4326,37.8042],[-105.435,37.8024],[-105.4443,37.7997],[-105.4479,37.797],[-105.4502,37.7916],[-105.4508,37.7875],[-105.4485,37.782],[-105.4474,37.778],[-105.4474,37.7734],[-105.4528,37.7644],[-105.4581,37.7517]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Alamosa\",\"state\":\"CO\"}}]}","contact":"Director, Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-980
Denver, CO 80225-0046
Annual winter water level drawdown (WD) is a common lake management strategy to maintain recreational value by controlling nuisance macrophytes and preventing ice damage to shoreline infrastructure in lakes of the northeastern United States. The state of Massachusetts provides general guidelines for lake managers to implement and practice WDs. However, WD management reporting is not required and as such empirical water level records are scarce, making it difficult to assess guideline adherence and link these management actions to littoral habitat conditions. We monitored water levels bihourly in 18 lakes with ongoing WD regimes and 3 non-drawdown lakes over 3–4 yr. Our results show an interlake drawdown magnitude gradient of 0.07–2.66 m with intralake consistency across years. Corresponding WD magnitudes generated exposure of 1.3–37.6% for entire lakebeds and 9.2–71.1% for littoral zones. WD durations averaged 171 d and ranged widely from 5 to 246 d. Longer recession and refill phase durations and faster recession rates were moderately to strongly correlated with drawdown magnitudes. WDs were predominantly initiated prior to the state of Massachusetts 1 November starting guideline (83.1%) and refilled to summer reference levels after the recommended date of 1 April (70.6%). To minimize ecological impacts while still meeting recreational goals, WD performance guidelines may require a more fine-scale approach that integrates local hydrogeomorphic features and the presence of WD-sensitive littoral biotic assemblages. However, climate change model projections of warmer and wetter winters in the Northeast indicate increasing uncertainty for WD as an effective and worthwhile macrophyte control tool.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10402381.2021.1927268","usgsCitation":"Carmignani, J., Roy, A.H., Stolarski, J., and Richards, T., 2021, Hydrology of annual winter water level drawdown regimes in recreational lakes of Massachusetts, United States: Lake and Reservoir Management, v. 37, no. 4, p. 339-359, https://doi.org/10.1080/10402381.2021.1927268.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"339","endPage":"359","ipdsId":"IP-117681","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":451781,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10402381.2021.1927268","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":395898,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-70.827398,41.602067],[-70.823735,41.598569],[-70.820918,41.587673],[-70.821001,41.587268],[-70.821743,41.583656],[-70.82191,41.582841],[-70.830087,41.585385],[-70.837632,41.595374],[-70.838147,41.596056],[-70.838452,41.59646],[-70.834529,41.60261],[-70.832044,41.606504],[-70.831802,41.606272],[-70.828025,41.602666],[-70.827398,41.602067]]],[[[-70.59628,41.471905],[-70.57485,41.468259],[-70.567356,41.471208],[-70.56328,41.469127],[-70.553277,41.452955],[-70.552943,41.443394],[-70.555588,41.430882],[-70.553096,41.423952],[-70.547567,41.415831],[-70.538301,41.409241],[-70.528581,41.4051],[-70.517584,41.403769],[-70.506984,41.400242],[-70.502372,41.392005],[-70.501306,41.385391],[-70.498959,41.384339],[-70.490758,41.383634],[-70.484503,41.38629],[-70.472604,41.399128],[-70.473035,41.408757],[-70.470788,41.412875],[-70.463833,41.419145],[-70.450431,41.420703],[-70.446233,41.39648],[-70.449268,41.380422],[-70.448262,41.353651],[-70.451084,41.348161],[-70.496162,41.346452],[-70.538294,41.348958],[-70.599157,41.349272],[-70.709826,41.341723],[-70.733253,41.336226],[-70.747541,41.329952],[-70.764188,41.318706],[-70.768015,41.311959],[-70.766166,41.308962],[-70.768687,41.303702],[-70.775665,41.300982],[-70.802083,41.314207],[-70.819415,41.327212],[-70.838777,41.347209],[-70.833802,41.353386],[-70.812309,41.355745],[-70.800289,41.3538],[-70.783291,41.347829],[-70.774974,41.349176],[-70.768901,41.353246],[-70.729225,41.397728],[-70.724366,41.398942],[-70.712432,41.40885],[-70.711493,41.41546],[-70.701378,41.430925],[-70.686881,41.441334],[-70.64933,41.461068],[-70.603555,41.482384],[-70.598444,41.481151],[-70.59628,41.471905]]],[[[-70.092142,41.297741],[-70.082072,41.299093],[-70.062565,41.308726],[-70.046088,41.321651],[-70.031332,41.339332],[-70.028805,41.359919],[-70.030924,41.367453],[-70.035162,41.372161],[-70.038458,41.376399],[-70.045586,41.383598],[-70.049564,41.3879],[-70.049053,41.391702],[-70.033514,41.385816],[-70.018446,41.36863],[-69.960277,41.278731],[-69.960181,41.264546],[-69.964422,41.25457],[-69.965725,41.252466],[-69.975,41.247392],[-70.001586,41.239353],[-70.015225,41.237964],[-70.052807,41.242685],[-70.083239,41.2444],[-70.096967,41.24085],[-70.118669,41.242351],[-70.170681,41.255881],[-70.237175,41.282724],[-70.256164,41.288123],[-70.266776,41.294453],[-70.273478,41.301528],[-70.275526,41.310464],[-70.260632,41.310092],[-70.249276,41.305623],[-70.244435,41.303203],[-70.240153,41.295384],[-70.229541,41.290171],[-70.20869,41.290171],[-70.196304,41.294612],[-70.12446,41.293851],[-70.092142,41.297741]]],[[[-73.022903,42.741133],[-72.930261,42.73916],[-72.809113,42.736581],[-72.458519,42.726853],[-72.285954,42.721631],[-72.282981,42.721557],[-72.124526,42.717636],[-71.981402,42.713294],[-71.928811,42.712234],[-71.898716,42.71142],[-71.745817,42.707287],[-71.636214,42.704888],[-71.631814,42.704788],[-71.542533,42.702672],[-71.351874,42.698154],[-71.330206,42.69719],[-71.294205,42.69699],[-71.278929,42.711258],[-71.267905,42.72589],[-71.255605,42.736389],[-71.25518,42.73665],[-71.245504,42.742589],[-71.233404,42.745489],[-71.223904,42.746689],[-71.208302,42.743314],[-71.208227,42.743294],[-71.208137,42.743273],[-71.181803,42.73759],[-71.186104,42.790689],[-71.174403,42.801589],[-71.167703,42.807389],[-71.165603,42.808689],[-71.149703,42.815489],[-71.132503,42.821389],[-71.116048,42.817751],[-71.064201,42.806289],[-71.053601,42.833089],[-71.047501,42.844089],[-71.044401,42.848789],[-71.031201,42.859089],[-70.9665,42.868989],[-70.949199,42.876089],[-70.931699,42.884189],[-70.930799,42.884589],[-70.927629,42.885326],[-70.914899,42.886589],[-70.914886,42.886564],[-70.902768,42.88653],[-70.886136,42.88261],[-70.848625,42.860939],[-70.837376,42.864996],[-70.830795,42.868918],[-70.821769,42.87188],[-70.817296,42.87229],[-70.817731,42.850613],[-70.80522,42.781798],[-70.792867,42.747118],[-70.772267,42.711064],[-70.770453,42.704824],[-70.778552,42.69852],[-70.778671,42.693622],[-70.764421,42.68565],[-70.748752,42.683878],[-70.744427,42.682092],[-70.72982,42.669602],[-70.728845,42.663877],[-70.689402,42.653319],[-70.682594,42.654525],[-70.681594,42.662342],[-70.663548,42.677603],[-70.645101,42.689423],[-70.630077,42.692699],[-70.620031,42.688006],[-70.622864,42.67599],[-70.623815,42.665481],[-70.622791,42.660873],[-70.61482,42.65765],[-70.595474,42.660336],[-70.591742,42.648508],[-70.591469,42.639821],[-70.594014,42.63503],[-70.605611,42.634898],[-70.61842,42.62864],[-70.635635,42.600243],[-70.654727,42.582234],[-70.664887,42.580436],[-70.668022,42.581732],[-70.668115,42.585361],[-70.668488,42.589643],[-70.670442,42.592249],[-70.672583,42.594296],[-70.675747,42.594669],[-70.678819,42.594389],[-70.681428,42.593173],[-70.684502,42.588858],[-70.698574,42.577393],[-70.729688,42.57151],[-70.737044,42.576863],[-70.757283,42.570455],[-70.804091,42.561595],[-70.815391,42.554195],[-70.823291,42.551495],[-70.848492,42.550195],[-70.871382,42.546404],[-70.872357,42.542952],[-70.866279,42.522617],[-70.859751,42.520441],[-70.857125,42.521492],[-70.842091,42.519495],[-70.831091,42.503596],[-70.835991,42.490496],[-70.841591,42.487596],[-70.847391,42.491496],[-70.857791,42.490296],[-70.879692,42.478796],[-70.886493,42.470197],[-70.887992,42.467096],[-70.887292,42.464896],[-70.894292,42.460896],[-70.908092,42.466896],[-70.917693,42.467996],[-70.921993,42.466696],[-70.934993,42.457896],[-70.934264,42.444646],[-70.933155,42.437833],[-70.928226,42.430986],[-70.913192,42.427697],[-70.908392,42.425197],[-70.901992,42.420297],[-70.905692,42.416197],[-70.936393,42.418097],[-70.943295,42.436248],[-70.943612,42.452092],[-70.94702,42.456236],[-70.96047,42.446166],[-70.960647,42.443787],[-70.960835,42.441272],[-70.982994,42.423996],[-70.987694,42.416696],[-70.990595,42.407098],[-70.989195,42.402598],[-70.985068,42.402041],[-70.983426,42.396246],[-70.980336,42.391513],[-70.972706,42.389968],[-70.970195,42.388036],[-70.97174,42.387071],[-70.972513,42.385042],[-70.972706,42.381759],[-70.972223,42.377316],[-70.960798,42.360648],[-70.953292,42.349698],[-70.953022,42.343973],[-70.963578,42.34686],[-70.972418,42.353875],[-70.974897,42.355843],[-70.979927,42.356382],[-70.982282,42.35592],[-70.998253,42.352788],[-71.006877,42.347039],[-71.010146,42.339234],[-71.011804,42.335274],[-71.01568,42.326019],[-71.013165,42.315419],[-71.005399,42.307196],[-71.000948,42.302483],[-71.006158,42.28811],[-71.0049,42.28272],[-70.996097,42.271222],[-70.98909,42.267449],[-70.967351,42.268168],[-70.948971,42.272505],[-70.945547,42.269081],[-70.935886,42.264189],[-70.923169,42.263211],[-70.910941,42.265412],[-70.906302,42.271636],[-70.896267,42.2851],[-70.895778,42.292436],[-70.897123,42.29586],[-70.915588,42.302463],[-70.91749,42.305686],[-70.907556,42.307889],[-70.882764,42.30886],[-70.881242,42.300663],[-70.870873,42.285668],[-70.861807,42.275965],[-70.851093,42.26827],[-70.831075,42.267424],[-70.824661,42.265935],[-70.811742,42.262935],[-70.788724,42.25392],[-70.780722,42.251792],[-70.770964,42.249197],[-70.764757,42.244062],[-70.754488,42.228673],[-70.74723,42.221816],[-70.73056,42.21094],[-70.722269,42.207959],[-70.718707,42.184853],[-70.714301,42.168783],[-70.706264,42.163137],[-70.685315,42.133025],[-70.663931,42.108336],[-70.640169,42.088633],[-70.63848,42.081579],[-70.647349,42.076331],[-70.64819,42.068441],[-70.643208,42.050821],[-70.644337,42.045895],[-70.650874,42.046247],[-70.66936,42.037116],[-70.671666,42.02139],[-70.667512,42.01232],[-70.670934,42.007786],[-70.678798,42.00551],[-70.686798,42.012764],[-70.695809,42.013346],[-70.712204,42.007586],[-70.710034,41.999544],[-70.698981,41.987103],[-70.662476,41.960592],[-70.651673,41.958701],[-70.648365,41.961672],[-70.631251,41.950475],[-70.623513,41.943273],[-70.616491,41.940204],[-70.608166,41.940701],[-70.598078,41.947772],[-70.583572,41.950007],[-70.552941,41.929641],[-70.546386,41.916751],[-70.54741,41.911934],[-70.545949,41.907158],[-70.532084,41.889568],[-70.525567,41.85873],[-70.535487,41.839381],[-70.542065,41.831263],[-70.543168,41.824446],[-70.54103,41.815754],[-70.537289,41.810859],[-70.532656,41.804796],[-70.517411,41.790953],[-70.494048,41.773883],[-70.471552,41.761563],[-70.412476,41.744397],[-70.375341,41.738779],[-70.290957,41.734312],[-70.275203,41.726143],[-70.272289,41.721346],[-70.263654,41.714115],[-70.259205,41.713954],[-70.23485,41.733733],[-70.216073,41.742981],[-70.189254,41.751982],[-70.182076,41.750885],[-70.141533,41.760072],[-70.121978,41.758841],[-70.096061,41.766549],[-70.064314,41.772845],[-70.024734,41.787364],[-70.008462,41.800786],[-70.003842,41.80852],[-70.004486,41.838826],[-70.009013,41.876625],[-70.000188,41.886938],[-70.002922,41.890315],[-70.012154,41.891656],[-70.024335,41.89882],[-70.025553,41.911699],[-70.030537,41.929154],[-70.044995,41.930049],[-70.054464,41.927366],[-70.065671,41.911658],[-70.065723,41.899641],[-70.065372,41.887702],[-70.064084,41.878924],[-70.066002,41.877011],[-70.067566,41.877793],[-70.070889,41.882973],[-70.073039,41.899783],[-70.074006,41.93865],[-70.077421,41.985497],[-70.083775,42.012041],[-70.089578,42.024896],[-70.095595,42.032832],[-70.10806,42.043601],[-70.123043,42.051668],[-70.148294,42.06195],[-70.155415,42.062409],[-70.169781,42.059736],[-70.178468,42.05642],[-70.186816,42.05045],[-70.194456,42.03947],[-70.195345,42.034163],[-70.193074,42.027576],[-70.186295,42.021308],[-70.186708,42.019904],[-70.190834,42.020028],[-70.196693,42.022429],[-70.208016,42.03073],[-70.218701,42.045848],[-70.233256,42.057714],[-70.238875,42.060479],[-70.24354,42.060569],[-70.245385,42.063733],[-70.238087,42.072878],[-70.225626,42.078601],[-70.206899,42.0819],[-70.189305,42.082337],[-70.160166,42.078628],[-70.115968,42.067638],[-70.082624,42.054657],[-70.058531,42.040363],[-70.033501,42.017736],[-70.011898,41.98972],[-69.986085,41.949597],[-69.968598,41.9117],[-69.945314,41.845222],[-69.935952,41.809422],[-69.928652,41.74125],[-69.928261,41.6917],[-69.933114,41.670014],[-69.947599,41.645394],[-69.951169,41.640799],[-69.958272,41.639429],[-69.963234,41.633794],[-69.967869,41.627503],[-69.976478,41.603664],[-69.982768,41.581812],[-69.988215,41.554704],[-69.998071,41.54365],[-70.004136,41.54212],[-70.011504,41.542924],[-70.014456,41.545534],[-70.016584,41.550772],[-70.015059,41.553037],[-70.010644,41.552692],[-70.00153,41.561953],[-69.994357,41.576846],[-69.987192,41.608579],[-69.973035,41.641046],[-69.973153,41.646963],[-69.975719,41.653738],[-69.996359,41.667184],[-70.007011,41.671579],[-70.014211,41.671971],[-70.029346,41.667744],[-70.055523,41.664843],[-70.089238,41.662813],[-70.140877,41.650423],[-70.158621,41.650438],[-70.191061,41.645259],[-70.245867,41.628479],[-70.25621,41.620698],[-70.25542,41.617541],[-70.259601,41.610863],[-70.265424,41.609333],[-70.267587,41.610912],[-70.269687,41.617775],[-70.26913,41.625742],[-70.274522,41.632927],[-70.28132,41.635125],[-70.29062,41.635196],[-70.321588,41.630508],[-70.329924,41.634578],[-70.338067,41.636338],[-70.351634,41.634687],[-70.360352,41.631069],[-70.364892,41.626721],[-70.364744,41.623671],[-70.369854,41.615888],[-70.379151,41.611361],[-70.400581,41.606382],[-70.408535,41.607345],[-70.437246,41.605329],[-70.445289,41.591815],[-70.461278,41.57182],[-70.476256,41.558502],[-70.485571,41.554244],[-70.493244,41.552044],[-70.522327,41.548965],[-70.559689,41.54833],[-70.611081,41.542989],[-70.633607,41.538254],[-70.643627,41.532357],[-70.654104,41.519025],[-70.663856,41.514031],[-70.669518,41.513339],[-70.675379,41.512623],[-70.705181,41.496677],[-70.734306,41.486335],[-70.757171,41.469917],[-70.756481,41.465977],[-70.760863,41.460947],[-70.79027,41.446339],[-70.817478,41.445562],[-70.835867,41.441877],[-70.857528,41.425767],[-70.866946,41.422378],[-70.902763,41.421061],[-70.928197,41.415781],[-70.937282,41.411618],[-70.948431,41.409193],[-70.951045,41.411777],[-70.949861,41.415323],[-70.928165,41.431265],[-70.923698,41.430716],[-70.918983,41.4253],[-70.91164,41.424484],[-70.906011,41.425708],[-70.883247,41.432239],[-70.855265,41.448892],[-70.828546,41.456448],[-70.802186,41.460864],[-70.787769,41.474609],[-70.775268,41.477465],[-70.753905,41.492256],[-70.745053,41.500966],[-70.6948,41.52564],[-70.658659,41.543385],[-70.654302,41.549926],[-70.655365,41.557498],[-70.653899,41.56516],[-70.64878,41.56987],[-70.642748,41.572385],[-70.640948,41.577325],[-70.64204,41.583066],[-70.652449,41.60521],[-70.651986,41.610184],[-70.640003,41.624616],[-70.645251,41.633547],[-70.652614,41.637829],[-70.650419,41.644202],[-70.638695,41.649427],[-70.637632,41.654573],[-70.646308,41.678433],[-70.649285,41.680943],[-70.661475,41.681756],[-70.645962,41.693794],[-70.62544,41.698691],[-70.623652,41.707398],[-70.626529,41.712995],[-70.642914,41.71841],[-70.644641,41.71898],[-70.651093,41.715715],[-70.656596,41.715401],[-70.670453,41.721912],[-70.708193,41.730959],[-70.718739,41.73574],[-70.726331,41.732731],[-70.728933,41.723433],[-70.721302,41.712968],[-70.717451,41.69398],[-70.719575,41.685002],[-70.729395,41.68814],[-70.744396,41.696967],[-70.755347,41.694326],[-70.761481,41.676808],[-70.76236,41.667735],[-70.758198,41.661225],[-70.757622,41.654265],[-70.765463,41.641575],[-70.769318,41.641145],[-70.773654,41.645033],[-70.775798,41.649145],[-70.776709,41.650756],[-70.809118,41.656437],[-70.813286,41.65567],[-70.815729,41.652796],[-70.816351,41.645995],[-70.804664,41.641157],[-70.800215,41.631753],[-70.801063,41.629513],[-70.810279,41.624873],[-70.835296,41.624532],[-70.843177,41.628487],[-70.843522,41.62866],[-70.843528,41.628663],[-70.844165,41.628983],[-70.852518,41.626919],[-70.855031,41.624283],[-70.855162,41.624145],[-70.854232,41.618429],[-70.854211,41.618302],[-70.853445,41.613592],[-70.850181,41.593529],[-70.85222,41.589223],[-70.852488,41.588658],[-70.852551,41.588526],[-70.853121,41.587321],[-70.85324,41.587332],[-70.857239,41.587705],[-70.862852,41.600678],[-70.862998,41.601014],[-70.863486,41.602143],[-70.868501,41.613733],[-70.868904,41.614664],[-70.86836,41.622664],[-70.869624,41.625608],[-70.872665,41.627816],[-70.87904,41.629777],[-70.887643,41.632422],[-70.889209,41.632904],[-70.88926,41.632875],[-70.889594,41.632685],[-70.904513,41.624205],[-70.905765,41.623494],[-70.913202,41.619266],[-70.904522,41.610361],[-70.899981,41.593504],[-70.901381,41.592504],[-70.910814,41.595506],[-70.916581,41.607483],[-70.920074,41.61081],[-70.927172,41.611253],[-70.929722,41.609479],[-70.93,41.600441],[-70.927393,41.594064],[-70.931338,41.5842],[-70.937978,41.577416],[-70.941588,41.581034],[-70.946911,41.581089],[-70.948797,41.579038],[-70.9473,41.573659],[-70.93783,41.565239],[-70.931545,41.540169],[-70.941785,41.540121],[-70.979225,41.530427],[-70.983354,41.520616],[-71.003275,41.511912],[-71.019354,41.508857],[-71.035514,41.499047],[-71.058418,41.505967],[-71.085663,41.509292],[-71.12057,41.497448],[-71.1224,41.522156],[-71.131312,41.592308],[-71.131618,41.593918],[-71.137492,41.602561],[-71.138599,41.60347],[-71.140588,41.605102],[-71.14091,41.607405],[-71.141509,41.616076],[-71.140468,41.623893],[-71.135688,41.628402],[-71.134484,41.641198],[-71.134478,41.641262],[-71.13267,41.658744],[-71.132888,41.660102],[-71.134688,41.660502],[-71.135188,41.660502],[-71.14587,41.662795],[-71.153989,41.664102],[-71.17609,41.668102],[-71.17609,41.668502],[-71.17599,41.671402],[-71.18129,41.672502],[-71.191175,41.674292],[-71.191178,41.674216],[-71.194384,41.674803],[-71.19564,41.67509],[-71.224798,41.710498],[-71.225709,41.711603],[-71.261392,41.752301],[-71.31779,41.776099],[-71.317795,41.776101],[-71.327896,41.780501],[-71.329396,41.7826],[-71.329296,41.7868],[-71.332196,41.7923],[-71.333896,41.7945],[-71.335797,41.7948],[-71.339297,41.7963],[-71.340697,41.7983],[-71.340797,41.8002],[-71.339297,41.8044],[-71.339297,41.8065],[-71.338897,41.8083],[-71.339197,41.809],[-71.347197,41.8231],[-71.344897,41.828],[-71.339597,41.832],[-71.337597,41.8337],[-71.335197,41.8355],[-71.341797,41.8437],[-71.342198,41.8448],[-71.333997,41.8623],[-71.340798,41.8816],[-71.339298,41.893399],[-71.339298,41.893599],[-71.338698,41.898399],[-71.352699,41.896699],[-71.354699,41.896499],[-71.362499,41.895599],[-71.364699,41.895399],[-71.365399,41.895299],[-71.370999,41.894599],[-71.373799,41.894399],[-71.3766,41.893999],[-71.3817,41.893199],[-71.3817,41.922699],[-71.3816,41.922899],[-71.381401,41.964799],[-71.381501,41.966699],[-71.381466,41.984998],[-71.381401,42.018798],[-71.458104,42.017762],[-71.498258,42.01722],[-71.499905,42.017198],[-71.500905,42.017098],[-71.527306,42.015098],[-71.527606,42.014998],[-71.559439,42.014342],[-71.576908,42.014098],[-71.76601,42.009745],[-71.799242,42.008065],[-71.80065,42.023569],[-71.89078,42.024368],[-71.987326,42.02688],[-72.063496,42.027347],[-72.102162,42.028899],[-72.135687,42.030245],[-72.135715,42.030245],[-72.249523,42.031626],[-72.317148,42.031907],[-72.45668,42.033999],[-72.509192,42.034217],[-72.528131,42.034295],[-72.573231,42.030141],[-72.582332,42.024695],[-72.590233,42.024695],[-72.606933,42.024995],[-72.607933,42.030795],[-72.643134,42.032395],[-72.695927,42.036788],[-72.714134,42.036608],[-72.755838,42.036195],[-72.757538,42.033295],[-72.753538,42.032095],[-72.751738,42.030195],[-72.754038,42.025395],[-72.757467,42.020947],[-72.758151,42.020865],[-72.760558,42.021846],[-72.762151,42.021527],[-72.76231,42.019775],[-72.761354,42.018183],[-72.759738,42.016995],[-72.761238,42.014595],[-72.763238,42.012795],[-72.763265,42.009742],[-72.766139,42.007695],[-72.766739,42.002995],[-72.774757,42.002129],[-72.816741,41.997595],[-72.813541,42.036494],[-72.847142,42.036894],[-72.863619,42.037709],[-72.863733,42.03771],[-72.999549,42.038653],[-73.008745,42.03886],[-73.053254,42.039861],[-73.127276,42.041964],[-73.229798,42.044877],[-73.231056,42.044945],[-73.293097,42.04694],[-73.29442,42.046984],[-73.432812,42.050587],[-73.487314,42.049638],[-73.496879,42.049675],[-73.508142,42.086257],[-73.352527,42.510002],[-73.264957,42.74594],[-73.022903,42.741133]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Massachusetts\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"37","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carmignani, Jason R.","contributorId":276347,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carmignani","given":"Jason R.","affiliations":[{"id":36396,"text":"University of Massachusetts","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roy, Allison H. 0000-0002-8080-2729 aroy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8080-2729","contributorId":4240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roy","given":"Allison","email":"aroy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":834778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stolarski, Jason","contributorId":276348,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stolarski","given":"Jason","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":51525,"text":"Massachusetts Division of Fish and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Richards, Todd","contributorId":276349,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Richards","given":"Todd","affiliations":[{"id":51525,"text":"Massachusetts Division of Fish and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70221585,"text":"70221585 - 2021 - Climate and the latitudinal limits of subtropical reef development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-24T14:45:23.358661","indexId":"70221585","displayToPublicDate":"2021-06-22T09:41:39","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3358,"text":"Scientific Reports","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate and the latitudinal limits of subtropical reef development","docAbstract":"Climate plays a central role in coral-reef development, especially in marginal environments. The high-latitude reefs of southeast Florida are currently non-accreting, relict systems with low coral cover. This region also did not support the extensive Late Pleistocene reef development observed in many other locations around the world; however, there is evidence of significant reef building in southeast Florida during the Holocene. Using 146 radiometric ages from reefs extending ~ 120 km along Florida’s southeast coast, we test the hypothesis that the latitudinal extent of Holocene reef development in this region was modulated by climatic variability. We demonstrate that although sea-level changes impacted rates of reef accretion and allowed reefs to backstep inshore as new habitats were flooded, sea level was not the ultimate cause of reef demise. Instead, we conclude that climate was the primary driver of the expansion and contraction of Florida’s reefs during the Holocene. Reefs grew to 26.7° N in southeast Florida during the relatively warm, stable climate at the beginning of the Holocene Thermal Maximum (HTM) ~ 10,000 years ago, but subsequent cooling and increased frequency of winter cold fronts were associated with the equatorward contraction of reef building. By ~ 7800 years ago, actively accreting reefs only extended to 26.1° N. Reefs further contracted to 25.8° N after 5800 years ago, and by 3000 years ago reef development had terminated throughout southern Florida (24.5–26.7° N). Modern warming is unlikely to simply reverse this trend, however, because the climate of the Anthropocene will be fundamentally different from the HTM. By increasing the frequency and intensity of both warm and cold extreme-weather events, contemporary climate change will instead amplify conditions inimical to reef development in marginal reef environments such as southern Florida, making them more likely to continue to deteriorate than to resume accretion in the future.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1038/s41598-021-87883-8","usgsCitation":"Toth, L., Precht, W.F., Modys, A.B., Stathakopoulos, A., Robbart, M.L., Hudson, J.H., Olenik, A.E., Riegl, B.M., Shinn, E.A., and Aronson, R.B., 2021, Climate and the latitudinal limits of subtropical reef development: Scientific Reports, v. 11, 13044, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87883-8.","productDescription":"13044, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-119760","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":451784,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87883-8","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":386699,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.343017578125,\n 25.443274612305746\n ],\n [\n -79.7607421875,\n 25.443274612305746\n ],\n [\n -79.7607421875,\n 27.352252938063845\n ],\n [\n -80.343017578125,\n 27.352252938063845\n ],\n [\n -80.343017578125,\n 25.443274612305746\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Toth, Lauren T. 0000-0002-2568-802X ltoth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2568-802X","contributorId":181748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toth","given":"Lauren","email":"ltoth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":818189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Precht, William F. 0000-0002-6546-985X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6546-985X","contributorId":260614,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Precht","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":52621,"text":"Dial Cordy & Associates, Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Modys, Alexander B.","contributorId":260615,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Modys","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":15312,"text":"Florida Atlantic University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stathakopoulos, Anastasios 0000-0002-4404-035X astathakopoulos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4404-035X","contributorId":147744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stathakopoulos","given":"Anastasios","email":"astathakopoulos@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":818192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Robbart, Martha L.","contributorId":260616,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robbart","given":"Martha","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":33295,"text":"independent consultant","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hudson, J. Harold","contributorId":214860,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hudson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Harold","affiliations":[{"id":39127,"text":"Reef Tech, Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Olenik, Anton E.","contributorId":260617,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olenik","given":"Anton","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":15312,"text":"Florida Atlantic University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Riegl, Bernhard M 0000-0002-6003-9324","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6003-9324","contributorId":222162,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Riegl","given":"Bernhard","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":13165,"text":"Nova Southeastern University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Shinn, Eugene A.","contributorId":210858,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shinn","given":"Eugene","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7163,"text":"University of South Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Aronson, Richard B. 0000-0003-0383-3844","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0383-3844","contributorId":212695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aronson","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":17748,"text":"Florida Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70222528,"text":"70222528 - 2021 - The 2011-2019 Long Valley Caldera inflation: New insights from separation of superimposed geodetic signals and 3D modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-03T12:53:15.309851","indexId":"70222528","displayToPublicDate":"2021-06-22T07:50:35","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 2011-2019 Long Valley Caldera inflation: New insights from separation of superimposed geodetic signals and 3D modeling","docAbstract":"Increasingly accurate, and spatio-temporally dense, measurements of Earth surface movements enable us to identify multiple deformation patterns and highlight the need to properly characterize the related source processes. This is particularly important in tectonically active areas, where deformation measurement is crucial for monitoring ongoing processes and assessing future hazard. Long Valley Caldera, California, USA, is a volcanic area where frequent episodes of unrest involve inflation and increased seismicity. Ground- and satellite-based instruments show that volcanic inflation renewed in 2011, and is continuing as of early 2021. Additionally, Long Valley Caldera is affected by the large, but spatially and temporally variable, amounts of precipitation falling on the adjacent Sierra Nevada Range.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2021.117055","usgsCitation":"Silverii, F., Pulvirenti, F., Montgomery-Brown, E.K., Borsa, A., and Neely, W., 2021, The 2011-2019 Long Valley Caldera inflation: New insights from separation of superimposed geodetic signals and 3D modeling: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 569, 117055, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2021.117055.","productDescription":"117055, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-125280","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":451792,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de/pubman/item/item_5007119","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":387652,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Long Valley Caldera","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.970703125,\n 35.24561909420681\n ],\n [\n -115.7080078125,\n 35.24561909420681\n ],\n [\n -115.7080078125,\n 38.238180119798635\n ],\n [\n -119.970703125,\n 38.238180119798635\n ],\n [\n -119.970703125,\n 35.24561909420681\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"569","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Silverii, F.","contributorId":261709,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Silverii","given":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":52961,"text":"GFZ Potsdam","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pulvirenti, F.","contributorId":261710,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pulvirenti","given":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":36276,"text":"JPL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Montgomery-Brown, Emily K. 0000-0001-6787-2055","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6787-2055","contributorId":214074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montgomery-Brown","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":820472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Borsa, A.","contributorId":261711,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Borsa","given":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":52963,"text":"Scripps UC San Diego","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Neely, W.","contributorId":261712,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neely","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52963,"text":"Scripps UC San Diego","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70222056,"text":"70222056 - 2021 - As the prey thickens: Rainbow trout select prey based upon width not length","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-30T20:11:24.233635","indexId":"70222056","displayToPublicDate":"2021-06-21T15:00:46","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"As the prey thickens: Rainbow trout select prey based upon width not length","docAbstract":"Drift-feeding fish are typically considered size-selective predators. Yet, few studies have explicitly tested which aspect of prey “size” best explains size selection by drift-foraging fish. Here, we develop a Bayesian discrete choice model to evaluate how attributes of both prey and predator simultaneously influence size-selective foraging. We apply the model to a large dataset of paired invertebrate drift (n = 784) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) diets (n = 1028). We characterized prey “size” using six metrics (length, width, area, hemispherical area, volume, mass) and used pseudo-R2 to determine which metric best explained observed prey selection across seven taxa. We found that rainbow trout are positively size-selective, they are selecting prey based upon differences in prey width, and size-selectivity increases with fish length. Rainbow trout demonstrated strong selection for the adult and pupae stages of aquatic insects relative to their larval stages. Our study provides strong empirical evidence for size-selective foraging in rainbow trout and demonstrates prey selection is based primarily upon width, not length or area as has been widely reported.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2020-0113","usgsCitation":"Dodrill, M., Yackulic, C., Kennedy, T., Yard, M.D., and Josh Korman, 2021, As the prey thickens: Rainbow trout select prey based upon width not length: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 78, no. 7, p. 809-819, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2020-0113.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"809","endPage":"819","ipdsId":"IP-118180","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436296,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P923AX7C","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Rainbow trout diet and invertebrate drift data from 2012-2015 for the Colorado River, Grand Canyon, Arizona"},{"id":387195,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.44256591796875,\n 36.923547681089296\n ],\n [\n -111.533203125,\n 36.925743371044966\n ],\n [\n -111.64306640625,\n 36.8708321556463\n ],\n [\n -111.719970703125,\n 36.74328605437939\n ],\n [\n -111.88201904296875,\n 36.551568887374\n ],\n [\n -111.90948486328125,\n 36.39696752441776\n ],\n [\n -111.86004638671875,\n 36.219902972702606\n ],\n [\n -111.84906005859375,\n 36.1245647481333\n ],\n [\n -111.94244384765625,\n 36.0624217151089\n ],\n [\n -112.0330810546875,\n 36.09127994838079\n ],\n [\n -112.14019775390625,\n 36.10237644873644\n ],\n [\n -112.1484375,\n 36.046878280461684\n ],\n [\n -111.917724609375,\n 36.006895355244666\n ],\n [\n -111.7913818359375,\n 36.09349937380574\n ],\n [\n -111.77215576171874,\n 36.255348043040904\n ],\n [\n -111.81610107421875,\n 36.366010258936925\n ],\n [\n -111.78314208984375,\n 36.54053616262899\n ],\n [\n -111.61560058593749,\n 36.767492156196745\n ],\n [\n -111.44256591796875,\n 36.923547681089296\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"78","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dodrill, Michael J. 0000-0002-7038-7170","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7038-7170","contributorId":206439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodrill","given":"Michael","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yackulic, Charles B. 0000-0001-9661-0724","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9661-0724","contributorId":218825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yackulic","given":"Charles","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kennedy, Theodore 0000-0003-3477-3629","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3477-3629","contributorId":221741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Theodore","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yard, Michael D. 0000-0002-6580-6027 myard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6580-6027","contributorId":169281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yard","given":"Michael","email":"myard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Josh Korman","contributorId":261146,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Josh Korman","affiliations":[{"id":52750,"text":"Ecometric Research, Inc., 3560 West 22nd Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V6S 1J3, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}