The International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP)-U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Eyreville drill cores from the Chesapeake Bay impact structure provide one of the most complete geologic sections ever obtained from an impact structure. This paper presents a series of geologic columns and descriptive lithologic information for the lower impactite and crystalline-rock sections in the cores. The lowermost cored section (1766-1551 m depth) is a complex assemblage of mica schists that commonly contain graphite and fibrolitic sillimanite, intrusive granite pegmatites that grade into coarse granite, and local zones of mylonitic deformation. This basement-derived section is variably overprinted by brittle cataclastic fabrics and locally cut by dikes of polymict impact breccia, including several suevite dikes. An overlying succession of suevites and lithic impact breccias (1551-1397 m) includes a lower section dominated by polymict lithic impact breccia with blocks (up to 17 m) and boulders of cataclastic gneiss and an upper section (above 1474 m) of suevites and clast-rich impact melt rocks. The uppermost suevite is overlain by 26 m (1397-1371 m) of gravelly quartz sand that contains an amphibolite block and boulders of cataclasite and suevite. Above the sand, a 275-m-thick allochthonous granite slab (1371-1096 m) includes gneissic biotite granite, fine- and medium-to-coarse-grained biotite granites, and red altered granite near the base. The granite slab is overlain by more gravelly sand, and both are attributed to debris-avalanche and/or rockslide deposition that slightly preceded or accompanied seawater-resurge into the collapsing transient crater.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2009.2458(02)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Horton, J., Gibson, R., Reimold, W., Wittmann, A., Gohn, G., and Edwards, L.E., 2009, Geologic columns for the ICDP-USGS Eyreville B core, Chesapeake Bay impact structure: Impactites and crystalline rocks, 1766 to 1096 m depth: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 458, p. 21-49, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.2458(02).","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"49","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244711,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.54150390625,\n 36.73888412439431\n ],\n [\n -75.157470703125,\n 36.73888412439431\n ],\n [\n -75.157470703125,\n 39.70718665682654\n ],\n [\n -77.54150390625,\n 39.70718665682654\n ],\n [\n -77.54150390625,\n 36.73888412439431\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","issue":"458","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1938e4b0c8380cd558fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horton, J. Wright Jr. 0000-0001-6756-6365 whorton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6756-6365","contributorId":423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"J. Wright","suffix":"Jr.","email":"whorton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":444371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gibson, R.L.","contributorId":105143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibson","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reimold, W.U.","contributorId":103401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimold","given":"W.U.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wittmann, A.","contributorId":67744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wittmann","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gohn, Gregory 0000-0003-2000-479X ggohn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2000-479X","contributorId":219822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gohn","given":"Gregory","email":"ggohn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":444373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Edwards, Lucy E. 0000-0003-4075-3317 leedward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-3317","contributorId":2647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Lucy","email":"leedward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":444372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70041666,"text":"70041666 - 2009 - Preparing a population for an earthquake like Chi-Chi: The Great Southern California ShakeOut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-26T11:35:27","indexId":"70041666","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Preparing a population for an earthquake like Chi-Chi: The Great Southern California ShakeOut","docAbstract":"The Great Southern California ShakeOut was a week of special events featuring the largest earthquake drill in United States history. On November 13, 2008, over 5 million southern Californians pretended that a magnitude-7.8 earthquake had occurred and practiced actions that could reduce its impact on their lives. The primary message of the ShakeOut is that what we do now, before a big earthquake, will determine what our lives will be like after. The drill was based on a scenario of the impacts and consequences of such an earthquake on the Southern San Andreas Fault, developed by over 300 experts led by the U.S. Geological Survey in partnership with the California Geological Survey, the Southern California Earthquake Center, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, lifeline operators, emergency services and many other organizations. The ShakeOut campaign was designed and implemented by earthquake scientists, emergency managers, sociologists, art designers and community participants. The means of communication were developed using results from sociological research on what encouraged people to take action. This was structured around four objectives: 1) consistent messages – people are more inclined to believe something when they hear the same thing from multiple sources; 2) visual reinforcement – people are more inclined to do something they see other people doing; 3) encourage “milling” or discussing contemplated action – people need to discuss an action with others they care about before committing to undertaking it; and 4) focus on concrete actions – people are more likely to prepare for a set of concrete consequences of a particular hazard than for an abstract concept of risk. The goals of the ShakeOut were established in Spring 2008 and were: 1) to register 5 million people to participate in the drill; 2) to change the culture of earthquake preparedness in southern California; and 3) to reduce earthquake losses in southern California. All of these goals were met. The final registration at www.shakeout.org for the 2008 ShakeOut was 5.47 million people, or one-quarter of the population of the region. A survey conducted with the registered participants showed that the messages they took from the ShakeOut were the concepts intended, including the importance of “Drop, Cover, Hold On”, the interdependency of earthquake risk (“We are all in this together”) and the possibility of reducing losses through preparation and mitigation. Sales data from the Home Depot hardware stores in southern California showed a 260% increase in the sale of earthquake safety products during the month of the ShakeOut, November 2008.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Improving earthquake mitigation through innovations and applications in seismic science, engineering, communication, and response, Proceedings of a U.S.-Iran seismic workshop","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":" U.S.-Iran Seismic Workshop","conferenceDate":"June 29- July 1, 2009","conferenceLocation":"Irvine, CA","language":"English","publisher":"Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Centerr","usgsCitation":"Jones, L.M., and The ShakeOut Team, 2009, Preparing a population for an earthquake like Chi-Chi: The Great Southern California ShakeOut, in Improving earthquake mitigation through innovations and applications in seismic science, engineering, communication, and response, Proceedings of a U.S.-Iran seismic workshop, Irvine, CA, June 29- July 1, 2009, p. 1-14.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-023486","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340444,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"UNITED STATES","state":"California","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5901b1c1e4b0c2e071a99bc0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Lucile M. jones@usgs.gov","contributorId":1014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Lucile","email":"jones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":693006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"The ShakeOut Team","contributorId":191422,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"The ShakeOut Team","id":693007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70036061,"text":"70036061 - 2009 - Forecasting urban growth across the United States-Mexico border","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:06","indexId":"70036061","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1317,"text":"Computers, Environment and Urban Systems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forecasting urban growth across the United States-Mexico border","docAbstract":"The sister-city area of Nogales, Arizona, and Nogales, Sonora, Mexico, is known collectively as Ambos (both) Nogales. This area was historically one city and was administratively divided by the Gadsden Purchase in 1853. These arid-lands have limited and sensitive natural resources. Environmental planning can support sustainable development to accommodate the predicted influx of population. The objective of this research is to quantify the amount of predicted urban growth for the Ambos Nogales watershed to support future planning for sustainable development. Two modeling regimes are explored. Our goal is to identify possible growth patterns associated with the twin-city area as a whole and with the two cities modeled as separate entities. We analyzed the cross-border watershed using regression analysis from satellite images from 1975, 1983, 1996, and 2002 and created urban area classifications. We used these classifications as input to the urban growth model, SLEUTH, to simulate likely patterns of development and define projected conversion probabilities. Model results indicate that the two cities are undergoing very different patterns of change and identify locations of expected growth based on historical development. Growth in Nogales, Arizona is stagnant while the urban area in Nogales, Sonora is exploding. This paper demonstrates an application that portrays how future binational urban growth could develop and affect the environment. This research also provides locations of potential growth for use in city planning.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers, Environment and Urban Systems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2008.10.003","issn":"01989715","usgsCitation":"Norman, L., Feller, M., and Phillip, G.D., 2009, Forecasting urban growth across the United States-Mexico border: Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, v. 33, no. 2, p. 150-159, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2008.10.003.","startPage":"150","endPage":"159","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246139,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218154,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2008.10.003"}],"volume":"33","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a131de4b0c8380cd54515","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Norman, L.M.","contributorId":20455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norman","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feller, M.","contributorId":94420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feller","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Phillip, Guertin D.","contributorId":92901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillip","given":"Guertin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034359,"text":"70034359 - 2009 - Application of a multistate model to estimate culvert effects on movement of small fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:46","indexId":"70034359","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of a multistate model to estimate culvert effects on movement of small fishes","docAbstract":"While it is widely acknowledged that culverted road-stream crossings may impede fish passage, effects of culverts on movement of nongame and small-bodied fishes have not been extensively studied and studies generally have not accounted for spatial variation in capture probabilities. We estimated probabilities for upstream and downstream movement of small (30-120 mm standard length) benthic and water column fishes across stream reaches with and without culverts at four road-stream crossings over a 4-6-week period. Movement and reach-specific capture probabilities were estimated using multistate capture-recapture models. Although none of the culverts were complete barriers to passage, only a bottomless-box culvert appeared to permit unrestricted upstream and downstream movements by benthic fishes based on model estimates of movement probabilities. At two box culverts that were perched above the water surface at base flow, observed movements were limited to water column fishes and to intervals when runoff from storm events raised water levels above the perched level. Only a single fish was observed to move through a partially embedded pipe culvert. Estimates for probabilities of movement over distances equal to at least the length of one culvert were low (e.g., generally ???0.03, estimated for 1-2-week intervals) and had wide 95% confidence intervals as a consequence of few observed movements to nonadjacent reaches. Estimates of capture probabilities varied among reaches by a factor of 2 to over 10, illustrating the importance of accounting for spatially variable capture rates when estimating movement probabilities with capture-recapture data. Longer-term studies are needed to evaluate temporal variability in stream fish passage at culverts (e.g., in relation to streamflow variability) and to thereby better quantify the degree of population fragmentation caused by road-stream crossings with culverts. ?? American Fisheries Society 2009.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/T08-156.1","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Norman, J., Hagler, M., Freeman, M.C., and Freeman, B.J., 2009, Application of a multistate model to estimate culvert effects on movement of small fishes: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 138, no. 4, p. 826-838, https://doi.org/10.1577/T08-156.1.","startPage":"826","endPage":"838","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216854,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T08-156.1"},{"id":244750,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"138","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec8fe4b0c8380cd4933d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Norman, J.R.","contributorId":54042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norman","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hagler, M.M.","contributorId":46333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagler","given":"M.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Freeman, Mary C. 0000-0001-7615-6923","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7615-6923","contributorId":99659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":445401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Freeman, B. J.","contributorId":8031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70035975,"text":"70035975 - 2009 - Method development for analysis of urban dust using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry to detect the possible presence of world trade center dust constituents","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:50","indexId":"70035975","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Method development for analysis of urban dust using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry to detect the possible presence of world trade center dust constituents","docAbstract":"The collapse of the World Trade Center Towers on September 11, 2001, sent dust and debris across much of Manhattan and in the surrounding areas. Indoor and outdoor dust samples were collected and characterized by U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists using scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectrometry (SEM/EDS). From this characterization, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and USGS developed a particulate screening method to determine the presence of residual World Trade Center dust in the indoor environment using slag wool as a primary \"signature\". The method describes a procedure that includes splitting, ashing, and sieving of collected dust. From one split, a 10 mg/mL dust/ isopropanol suspension was prepared and 10-30 ??L aliquots of the suspension placed on an SEM substrate. Analyses were performed using SEM/EDS manual point counting for slag wool fibers. Poisson regression was used to identify some of the sources of uncertainty, which are directly related to the small number of fibers present on each sample stub. Preliminary results indicate that the procedure is promising for screening urban background dust for the presence of WTC dust. Consistent sample preparation of reference materials and samples must be performed by each laboratory wishing to use this method to obtain meaningful and accurate results. ?? 2009 American Chemical Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es800865n","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Bern, A., Lowers, H., Meeker, G., and Rosati, J., 2009, Method development for analysis of urban dust using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry to detect the possible presence of world trade center dust constituents: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 43, no. 5, p. 1449-1454, https://doi.org/10.1021/es800865n.","startPage":"1449","endPage":"1454","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244060,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216206,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es800865n"}],"volume":"43","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-02-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5547e4b0c8380cd6d197","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bern, A.M.","contributorId":92018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bern","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lowers, H.A. 0000-0001-5360-9264","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5360-9264","contributorId":31843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowers","given":"H.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meeker, G.P.","contributorId":34539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meeker","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rosati, J.A.","contributorId":88579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosati","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034471,"text":"70034471 - 2009 - The weathering of a sulfide orebody: Speciation and fate of some potential contaminants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:43","indexId":"70034471","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1177,"text":"Canadian Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The weathering of a sulfide orebody: Speciation and fate of some potential contaminants","docAbstract":"Various potentially toxic trace elements such as As, Cu, Pb and Zn have been remobilized by the weathering of a sulfide orebody that was only partially mined at Leona Heights, California. As a result, this body has both natural and anthropogeni- cally modified weathering profiles only 500 m apart. The orebody is located in a heavily urbanized area in suburban Oakland, and directly affects water quality in at least one stream by producing acidic conditions and relatively high concentrations of dissolved elements (e.g., ??500 ??g/L Cu, ??3700 ??g/L Zn). Micrometric-scale mineralogical investigations were performed on the authigenic metal-bearing phases (less than 10 ??m in size) using electron-probe micro-analysis (EPMA), micro-Raman, micro X-ray absorption spectroscopy (??XAS), scanning X-ray diffraction ((??SXRD) and scanning X-ray fluorescence (??-SXRF) mapping techniques. Those measurements were coupled with classical mineralogical laboratory techniques, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Authigenic metal-bearing phases identified are mainly sulfates (jarosite, epsomite, schwertmannite), Fe (oxy-)hydroxides (goethite, hematite and poorly crystalline Fe products) and poorly crystalline Mn (hydr-)oxides. Sulfates and Fe (oxy-)hydroxides are the two main secondary products at both sites, whereas Mn (hydr-) oxides were only observed in the samples from the non-mining site. In these samples, the various trace elements show different affinities for Fe or Mn compounds. Lead is preferentially associated with Mn (hydr-)oxides and As with Fe (oxy-)hydroxides or sulfates. Copper association with Mn and Fe phases is questionable, and the results obtained rather indicate that Cu is present as individual Cu-rich grains (Cu hydroxides). Some ochreous precipitates were found at both sites and correspond to a mixture of schwertmannite, goethite and jarosite containing some potentially toxic trace elements such as Cu, Pb and Zn. According to the trace element distribution and relative abundance of the unweathered sulfides, this orebody still represents a significant reservoir of potential contaminants for the watershed, especially at the non-mining site, as a much greater proportion of sulfides is left to react and because of the lower porosity at this site.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3749/canmin.47.3.493","issn":"00084476","usgsCitation":"Courtin-Nomade, A., Grosbois, C., Marcus, M., Fakra, S., Beny, J., and Foster, A., 2009, The weathering of a sulfide orebody: Speciation and fate of some potential contaminants: Canadian Mineralogist, v. 47, no. 3, p. 493-508, https://doi.org/10.3749/canmin.47.3.493.","startPage":"493","endPage":"508","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476238,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://insu.hal.science/insu-00409818","text":"External Repository"},{"id":215739,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3749/canmin.47.3.493"},{"id":243562,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb1d7e4b08c986b32544b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Courtin-Nomade, A.","contributorId":80508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Courtin-Nomade","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grosbois, C.","contributorId":94075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grosbois","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marcus, M.A.","contributorId":84966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marcus","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fakra, S.C.","contributorId":60874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fakra","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Beny, J.-M.","contributorId":30065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beny","given":"J.-M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Foster, A. L. 0000-0003-1362-0068","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1362-0068","contributorId":17190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"A. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70035863,"text":"70035863 - 2009 - Surveillance for transmissible spongiform encephalopathy in scavengers of white-tailed deer carcasses in the chronic wasting disease area of wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-15T20:33:56","indexId":"70035863","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2481,"text":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surveillance for transmissible spongiform encephalopathy in scavengers of white-tailed deer carcasses in the chronic wasting disease area of wisconsin","docAbstract":"Chronic wasting disease (CWD), a class of neurodegenerative transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) occurring in cervids, is found in a number of states and provinces across North America. Misfolded prions, the infectious agents of CWD, are deposited in the environment via carcass remains and excreta, and pose a threat of cross-species transmission. In this study tissues were tested from 812 representative mammalian scavengers, collected in the CWD-affected area of Wisconsin, for TSE infection using the IDEXX HerdChek enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Only four of the collected mammals tested positive using the ELISA, but these were negative when tested by Western blot. While our sample sizes permitted high probabilities of detecting TSE assuming 1% population prevalence in several common scavengers (93%, 87%, and 87% for raccoons, opossums, and coyotes, respectively), insufficient sample sizes for other species precluded similar conclusions. One cannot rule out successful cross-species TSE transmission to scavengers, but the results suggest that such transmission is not frequent in the CWD-affected area of Wisconsin. The need for further surveillance of scavenger species, especially those known to be susceptible to TSE (e.g., cat, American mink, raccoon), is highlighted in both a field and laboratory setting.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1080/15287390903084249","issn":"15287394","usgsCitation":"Jennelle, C., Samuel, M., Nolden, C., Keane, D., Barr, D., Johnson, C., Vanderloo, J., Aiken, J.M., Hamir, A., and Hoover, E., 2009, Surveillance for transmissible spongiform encephalopathy in scavengers of white-tailed deer carcasses in the chronic wasting disease area of wisconsin: Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, v. 72, no. 17-18, p. 1018-1024, https://doi.org/10.1080/15287390903084249.","startPage":"1018","endPage":"1024","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244152,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216289,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287390903084249"}],"volume":"72","issue":"17-18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-08-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba27de4b08c986b31f752","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jennelle, C.S.","contributorId":16953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennelle","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Samuel, M.D.","contributorId":13910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samuel","given":"M.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nolden, C.A.","contributorId":9226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nolden","given":"C.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Keane, D.P.","contributorId":14626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keane","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barr, D.J.","contributorId":48773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barr","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Johnson, Chad","contributorId":88678,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Chad","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Vanderloo, J.P.","contributorId":48790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vanderloo","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Aiken, Judd M.","contributorId":64780,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aiken","given":"Judd","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hamir, A.N.","contributorId":106078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamir","given":"A.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Hoover, E.A.","contributorId":42456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoover","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70035717,"text":"70035717 - 2009 - Elevated CO2 enhances biological contributions to elevation change in coastal wetlands by offsetting stressors associated with sea-level rise","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:40","indexId":"70035717","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2242,"text":"Journal of Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Elevated CO2 enhances biological contributions to elevation change in coastal wetlands by offsetting stressors associated with sea-level rise","docAbstract":"1. Sea-level rise, one indirect consequence of increasing atmospheric CO2, poses a major challenge to long-term stability of coastal wetlands. An important question is whether direct effects of elevated CO 2 on the capacity of marsh plants to accrete organic material and to maintain surface elevations outweigh indirect negative effects of stressors associated with sea-level rise (salinity and flooding). 2. In this study, we used a mesocosm approach to examine potential direct and indirect effects of atmospheric CO2 concentration, salinity and flooding on elevation change in a brackish marsh community dominated by a C3 species, Schoenoplectus americanus, and a C4 grass, Spartina patens. This experimental design permitted identification of mechanisms and their role in controlling elevation change, and the development of models that can be tested in the field. 3. To test hypotheses related to CO2 and sea-level rise, we used conventional anova procedures in conjunction with structural equation modelling (SEM). SEM explained 78% of the variability in elevation change and showed the direct, positive effect of S. americanus production on elevation. The SEM indicated that C3 plant response was influenced by interactive effects between CO2 and salinity on plant growth, not a direct CO2 fertilization effect. Elevated CO2 ameliorated negative effects of salinity on S. americanus and enhanced biomass contribution to elevation. 4. The positive relationship between S. americanus production and elevation change can be explained by shoot-base expansion under elevated CO 2 conditions, which led to vertical soil displacement. While the response of this species may differ under other environmental conditions, shoot-base expansion and the general contribution of C3 plant production to elevation change may be an important mechanism contributing to soil expansion and elevation gain in other coastal wetlands. 5. Synthesis. Our results revealed previously unrecognized interactions and mechanisms contributing to marsh elevation change, including amelioration of salt stress by elevated CO2 and the importance of plant production and shoot-base expansion for elevation gain. Identification of biological processes contributing to elevation change is an important first step in developing comprehensive models that permit more accurate predictions of whether coastal marshes will persist with continued sea-level rise or become submerged. ?? 2008 The Authors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01449.x","issn":"00220477","usgsCitation":"Cherry, J.A., McKee, K., and Grace, J., 2009, Elevated CO2 enhances biological contributions to elevation change in coastal wetlands by offsetting stressors associated with sea-level rise: Journal of Ecology, v. 97, no. 1, p. 67-77, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01449.x.","startPage":"67","endPage":"77","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476522,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01449.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":216047,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01449.x"},{"id":243888,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a08c5e4b0c8380cd51c7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cherry, J. A.","contributorId":24880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherry","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKee, K.L. 0000-0001-7042-670X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7042-670X","contributorId":77113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"K.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grace, J.B. 0000-0001-6374-4726","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":38938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70035716,"text":"70035716 - 2009 - Spatial and temporal variation in distribution of larval lake whitefish in eastern Lake Ontario: signs of recovery?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-31T13:17:06","indexId":"70035716","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial and temporal variation in distribution of larval lake whitefish in eastern Lake Ontario: signs of recovery?","docAbstract":"The lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) is one of the native Lake Ontario fishes that declined severely over the past century. Recent evidence of larval lake whitefish production in a historic spawning area (Chaumont Bay) might signal a recovery of this species in New York waters. We surveyed coastal and open water areas to evaluate densities and estimate total abundance of larval lake whitefish in Chaumont Bay. Other historic spawning areas and embayments with appropriate spawning and nursery habitat were also surveyed, but only a few larvae were found outside of Chaumont Bay. Lake whitefish larvae were found in every embayment sampled within Chaumont Bay, with larval densities of nearly 600/1000 m2 in some samples. Greatest abundances occurred in the northern sectors and near the mouth of the bay. Open water densities were generally less than half that of nearshore sites. The total bay-wide estimate for 2005 was approximately 644,000 lake whitefish larvae, but dropped to 230,000–400,000 in 2006 and 2007, respectively. Mean larval growth rates (0.36 mm/day) did not differ by year, but were consistently higher in early May than in late April. Lake whitefish production in Chaumont Bay is encouraging for this species, but the cause and persistence of the decline after 2005 can be determined only by continued monitoring. Other possible bottlenecks of survival may exist at juvenile and adult stages and could significantly affect recruitment dynamics. This species is sensitive to normal climatic fluctuations and increased variability associated with global climatic change could make winter nursery conditions unfavorable for this species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2008.10.004","issn":"03801330","usgsCitation":"McKenna, J., and Johnson, J.H., 2009, Spatial and temporal variation in distribution of larval lake whitefish in eastern Lake Ontario: signs of recovery?: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 35, no. 1, p. 94-100, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2008.10.004.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"94","endPage":"100","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":216489,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2008.10.004"},{"id":244362,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Lake Ontario","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -79.9363,43.1696 ], [ -79.9363,44.3608 ], [ -76.0002,44.3608 ], [ -76.0002,43.1696 ], [ -79.9363,43.1696 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"35","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9456e4b08c986b31a9fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKenna, J.E. Jr.","contributorId":106065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenna","given":"J.E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, J. H.","contributorId":54914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70035715,"text":"70035715 - 2009 - Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for spatially correlated data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:50","indexId":"70035715","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3478,"text":"Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for spatially correlated data","docAbstract":"The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test is a convenient method for investigating whether two underlying univariate probability distributions can be regarded as undistinguishable from each other or whether an underlying probability distribution differs from a hypothesized distribution. Application of the test requires that the sample be unbiased and the outcomes be independent and identically distributed, conditions that are violated in several degrees by spatially continuous attributes, such as topographical elevation. A generalized form of the bootstrap method is used here for the purpose of modeling the distribution of the statistic D of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The innovation is in the resampling, which in the traditional formulation of bootstrap is done by drawing from the empirical sample with replacement presuming independence. The generalization consists of preparing resamplings with the same spatial correlation as the empirical sample. This is accomplished by reading the value of unconditional stochastic realizations at the sampling locations, realizations that are generated by simulated annealing. The new approach was tested by two empirical samples taken from an exhaustive sample closely following a lognormal distribution. One sample was a regular, unbiased sample while the other one was a clustered, preferential sample that had to be preprocessed. Our results show that the p-value for the spatially correlated case is always larger that the p-value of the statistic in the absence of spatial correlation, which is in agreement with the fact that the information content of an uncorrelated sample is larger than the one for a spatially correlated sample of the same size. ?? Springer-Verlag 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00477-008-0255-1","issn":"14363240","usgsCitation":"Olea, R., and Pawlowsky-Glahn, V., 2009, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for spatially correlated data: Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, v. 23, no. 6, p. 749-757, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-008-0255-1.","startPage":"749","endPage":"757","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216488,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00477-008-0255-1"},{"id":244361,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-07-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a40c8e4b0c8380cd65027","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olea, Ricardo A. 0000-0003-4308-0808","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4308-0808","contributorId":26436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olea","given":"Ricardo A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":452036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pawlowsky-Glahn, V.","contributorId":96511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pawlowsky-Glahn","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70035714,"text":"70035714 - 2009 - Fire treatment effects on vegetation structure, fuels, and potential fire severity in western U.S. forests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:51","indexId":"70035714","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fire treatment effects on vegetation structure, fuels, and potential fire severity in western U.S. forests","docAbstract":"Abstract. Forest structure and species composition in many western U.S. coniferous forests have been altered through fire exclusion, past and ongoing harvesting practices, and livestock grazing over the 20th century. The effects of these activities have been most pronounced in seasonally dry, low and mid-elevation coniferous forests that once experienced frequent, low to moderate intensity, fire regimes. In this paper, we report the effects of Fire and Fire Surrogate (FFS) forest stand treatments on fuel load profiles, potential fire behavior, and fire severity under three weather scenarios from six western U.S. FFS sites. This replicated, multisite experiment provides a framework for drawing broad generalizations about the effectiveness of prescribed fire and mechanical treatments on surface fuel loads, forest structure, and potential fire severity. Mechanical treatments without fire resulted in combined 1-, 10-, and 100-hour surface fuel loads that were significantly greater than controls at three of five FFS sites. Canopy cover was significantly lower than controls at three of five FFS sites with mechanical-only treatments and at all five FFS sites with the mechanical plus burning treatment; fire-only treatments reduced canopy cover at only one site. For the combined treatment of mechanical plus fire, all five FFS sites with this treatment had a substantially lower likelihood of passive crown fire as indicated by the very high torching indices. FFS sites that experienced significant increases in 1-, 10-, and 100-hour combined surface fuel loads utilized harvest systems that left all activity fuels within experimental units. When mechanical treatments were followed by prescribed burning or pile burning, they were the most effective treatment for reducing crown fire potential and predicted tree mortality because of low surface fuel loads and increased vertical and horizontal canopy separation. Results indicate that mechanical plus fire, fire-only, and mechanical-only treatments using whole-tree harvest systems were all effective at reducing potential fire severity under severe fire weather conditions. Retaining the largest trees within stands also increased fire resistance. ?? 2009 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/07-1755.1","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Stephens, S., Moghaddas, J., Edminster, C., Fiedler, C., Haase, S., Harrington, M., Keeley, J., Knapp, E.E., Mciver, J., Metlen, K., Skinner, C., and Youngblood, A., 2009, Fire treatment effects on vegetation structure, fuels, and potential fire severity in western U.S. forests: Ecological Applications, v. 19, no. 2, p. 305-320, https://doi.org/10.1890/07-1755.1.","startPage":"305","endPage":"320","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216460,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/07-1755.1"},{"id":244331,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1049e4b0c8380cd53be2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stephens, S.L.","contributorId":85694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moghaddas, J.J.","contributorId":107822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moghaddas","given":"J.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edminster, C.","contributorId":18202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edminster","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fiedler, C.E.","contributorId":90129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fiedler","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haase, S.","contributorId":35156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haase","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Harrington, M.","contributorId":13834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrington","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":69082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Knapp, E. E.","contributorId":54938,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knapp","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Mciver, J.D.","contributorId":71665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mciver","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Metlen, K.","contributorId":99798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metlen","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Skinner, C.N.","contributorId":19909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skinner","given":"C.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Youngblood, A.","contributorId":66085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Youngblood","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70035711,"text":"70035711 - 2009 - Characterization of phyllosilicates observed in the central Mawrth Vallis region, Mars, their potential formational processes, and implications for past climate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:51","indexId":"70035711","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of phyllosilicates observed in the central Mawrth Vallis region, Mars, their potential formational processes, and implications for past climate","docAbstract":"Mawrth Vallis contains one of the largest exposures of phyllosilicates on Mars. Nontronite, montmorillonite, kaolinite, and hydrated silica have been identified throughout the region using data from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM). In addition, saponite has been identified in one observation within a crater. These individual minerals are identified and distinguished by features at 1.38-1.42, ???1.91, and 2.17-2.41 ??m. There are two main phyllosilicate units in the Mawrth Vallis region. The lowermost unit is nontronite bearing, unconformably overlain by an Al-phyllosilicate unit containing montmorillonite plus hydrated silica, with a thin layer of kaolinite plus hydrated silica at the top of the unit. These two units are draped by a spectrally unremarkable capping unit. Smectites generally form in neutral to alkaline environments, while kaolinite and hydrated silica typically form in slightly acidic conditions; thus, the observed phyllosilicates may reflect a change in aqueous chemistry. Spectra retrieved near the boundary between the nontronite and Al-phyllosilicate units exhibit a strong positive slope from 1 to 2 ??m, likely from a ferrous component within the rock. This ferrous component indicates either rapid deposition in an oxidizing environment or reducing conditions. Formation of each of the phyllosilicate minerals identified requires liquid water, thus indicating a regional wet period in the Noachian when these units formed. The two main phyllosilicate units may be extensive layers of altered volcanic ash. Other potential formational processes include sediment deposition into a marine or lacustrine basin or pedogenesis. Copyright 2009 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2008JE003301","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"McKeown, N., Bishop, J., Noe Dobrea, E., Ehlmann, B., Parente, M., Mustard, J., Murchie, S., Swayze, G., Bibring, J., and Silver, E.A., 2009, Characterization of phyllosilicates observed in the central Mawrth Vallis region, Mars, their potential formational processes, and implications for past climate: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 114, no. 11, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JE003301.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487810,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008je003301","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244298,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216428,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008JE003301"}],"volume":"114","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-11-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4d4e4b0c8380cd4bf53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKeown, N.K.","contributorId":10529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKeown","given":"N.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bishop, J.L.","contributorId":83244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bishop","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Noe Dobrea, E.Z.","contributorId":97316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noe Dobrea","given":"E.Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ehlmann, B.L.","contributorId":107837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ehlmann","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Parente, M.","contributorId":21673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parente","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mustard, J.F.","contributorId":91605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mustard","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Murchie, S.L.","contributorId":7369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murchie","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Swayze, G.A. 0000-0002-1814-7823","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1814-7823","contributorId":21570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swayze","given":"G.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bibring, J.-P.","contributorId":86083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bibring","given":"J.-P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Silver, E. A.","contributorId":18491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silver","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70035631,"text":"70035631 - 2009 - Habitat-specific breeder survival of Florida Scrub-Jays: Inferences from multistate models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:51","indexId":"70035631","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat-specific breeder survival of Florida Scrub-Jays: Inferences from multistate models","docAbstract":"Quantifying habitat-specific survival and changes in habitat quality within disturbance-prone habitats is critical for understanding population dynamics and variation in fitness, and for managing degraded ecosystems. We used 18 years of color-banding data and multistate capture-recapture models to test whether habitat quality within territories influences survival and detection probability of breeding Florida Scrub-Jays (Aphelocoma coerulescens) and to estimate bird transition probabilities from one territory quality state to another. Our study sites were along central Florida's Atlantic coast and included two of the four largest metapopulations within the species range. We developed Markov models for habitat transitions and compared these to bird transition probabilities. Florida Scrub-Jay detection probabilities ranged from 0.88 in the tall territory state to 0.99 in the optimal state; detection probabilities were intermediate in the short state. Transition probabilities were similar for birds and habitat in grid cells mapped independently of birds. Thus, bird transitions resulted primarily from habitat transitions between states over time and not from bird movement. Survival ranged from 0.71 in the short state to 0.82 in the optimal state, with tall states being intermediate. We conclude that average Florida Scrub-Jay survival will remain at levels that lead to continued population declines because most current habitat quality is only marginally suitable across most of the species range. Improvements in habitat are likely to be slow and difficult because tall states are resistant to change and the optimal state represents an intermediate transitional stage. The multistate modeling approach to quantifying survival and habitat transition probabilities is useful for quantifying habitat transition probabilities and comparing them to bird transition probabilities to test for habitat selection in dynamic environments. ?? 2009 by the Ecological society ot America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/08-1123.1","issn":"00129658","usgsCitation":"Breininger, D., Nichols, J., Carter, G., and Oddy, D., 2009, Habitat-specific breeder survival of Florida Scrub-Jays: Inferences from multistate models: Ecology, v. 90, no. 11, p. 3180-3189, https://doi.org/10.1890/08-1123.1.","startPage":"3180","endPage":"3189","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":501653,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://stars.library.ucf.edu/facultybib2000/7048","text":"External Repository"},{"id":216188,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/08-1123.1"},{"id":244041,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2f4ce4b0c8380cd5cc75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breininger, D.R.","contributorId":62856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breininger","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carter, G.M.","contributorId":54429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oddy, D.M.","contributorId":30845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oddy","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032335,"text":"70032335 - 2009 - Simulated dynamics of carbon stocks driven by changes in land use, management and climate in a tropical moist ecosystem of Ghana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-05T11:25:35","indexId":"70032335","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":682,"text":"Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulated dynamics of carbon stocks driven by changes in land use, management and climate in a tropical moist ecosystem of Ghana","docAbstract":"Sub-Saharan Africa is large and diverse with regions of food insecurity and high vulnerability to climate change. This project quantifies carbon stocks and fluxes in the humid forest zone of Ghana, as a part of an assessment in West Africa. The General Ensemble biogeochemical Modeling System (GEMS) was used to simulate the responses of natural and managed systems to projected scenarios of changes in climate, land use and cover, and nitrogen fertilization in the Assin district of Ghana. Model inputs included historical land use and cover data, historical climate records and projected climate changes, and national management inventories. Our results show that deforestation for crop production led to a loss of soil organic carbon (SOC) by 33% from 1900 to 2000. The results also show that the trend of carbon emissions from cropland in the 20th century will continue through the 21st century and will be increased under the projected warming and drying scenarios. Nitrogen (N) fertilization in agricultural systems could offset SOC loss by 6% with 30 kg N ha−1 year−1 and by 11% with 60 kg N ha−1 year−1. To increase N fertilizer input would be one of the vital adaptive measures to ensure food security and maintain agricultural sustainability through the 21st century.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2009.01.004","issn":"01678","usgsCitation":"Tan, Z., Liu, S., Tieszen, L., and Tachie-Obeng, E., 2009, Simulated dynamics of carbon stocks driven by changes in land use, management and climate in a tropical moist ecosystem of Ghana: Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, v. 130, no. 3-4, p. 171-176, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2009.01.004.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"171","endPage":"176","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242781,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215016,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2009.01.004"}],"volume":"130","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8f8ce4b08c986b318fc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tan, Z.","contributorId":60831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tan","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, S.","contributorId":93170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tieszen, L.L.","contributorId":24046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tieszen","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tachie-Obeng, E.","contributorId":82550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tachie-Obeng","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70035546,"text":"70035546 - 2009 - Hydrogeologic structure underlying a recharge pond delineated with shear-wave seismic reflection and cone penetrometer data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:49","indexId":"70035546","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2850,"text":"Near Surface Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrogeologic structure underlying a recharge pond delineated with shear-wave seismic reflection and cone penetrometer data","docAbstract":"With the goal of improving the understanding of the subsurface structure beneath the Harkins Slough recharge pond in Pajaro Valley, California, USA, we have undertaken a multimodal approach to develop a robust velocity model to yield an accurate seismic reflection section. Our shear-wave reflection section helps us identify and map an important and previously unknown flow barrier at depth; it also helps us map other relevant structure within the surficial aquifer. Development of an accurate velocity model is essential for depth conversion and interpretation of the reflection section. We incorporate information provided by shear-wave seismic methods along with cone penetrometer testing and seismic cone penetrometer testing measurements. One velocity model is based on reflected and refracted arrivals and provides reliable velocity estimates for the full depth range of interest when anchored on interface depths determined from cone data and borehole drillers' logs. A second velocity model is based on seismic cone penetrometer testing data that provide higher-resolution ID velocity columns with error estimates within the depth range of the cone penetrometer testing. Comparison of the reflection/refraction model with the seismic cone penetrometer testing model also suggests that the mass of the cone truck can influence velocity with the equivalent effect of approximately one metre of extra overburden stress. Together, these velocity models and the depth-converted reflection section result in a better constrained hydrologic model of the subsurface and illustrate the pivotal role that cone data can provide in the reflection processing workflow. ?? 2009 European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Near Surface Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"15694445","usgsCitation":"Haines, S., Pidlisecky, A., and Knight, R., 2009, Hydrogeologic structure underlying a recharge pond delineated with shear-wave seismic reflection and cone penetrometer data: Near Surface Geophysics, v. 7, no. 5-6, p. 329-339.","startPage":"329","endPage":"339","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244321,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3403e4b0c8380cd5f427","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haines, S.S. 0000-0003-2611-8165","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2611-8165","contributorId":33402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"S.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pidlisecky, Adam","contributorId":94877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pidlisecky","given":"Adam","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knight, R.","contributorId":22717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knight","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70035537,"text":"70035537 - 2009 - River restoration strategies in channelized, low-gradient landscapes of West Tennessee, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:50","indexId":"70035537","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"River restoration strategies in channelized, low-gradient landscapes of West Tennessee, USA","docAbstract":"West Tennessee has a complex history of watershed disturbance, including agricultural erosion, channelization, accelerated valley sedimentation, and the removal and reestablishment of beaver. Watershed management has evolved from fl oodplain drainage via pervasive channelization to include local drainage canal maintenance and local river restoration. Many unmaintained canals are undergoing excessive aggradation and complex channel evolution driven by upland erosion and low valley gradient. The locus of aggradation in fully occluded canals (valley plugs) moves up-valley as sediment continues to accumulate in the backwater behind the plug. Valley plugs that cause canal avulsion can lead to redevelopment of meandering channels in less disturbed areas of the fl oodplain, in a process of passive self-restoration. Some valley plugs have brought restored fl oodplain function, reoccupation of extant historic river channels, and formation of a \"sediment shadow\" that protects downstream reaches from excess sedimentation. Despite the presence of numerous opportunities, there is presently no mechanism for including valley plugs in mitigation projects. In 1997 a survey of 14 reference reach cross sections documented relations between drainage area and bankfull geometry of relatively unmodified streams in West Tennessee. Reassessment of seven of those sites in 2007 showed that one had been dammed by beaver and that two sites could not be analyzed further because of signifi cant vertical or lateral instability. In contrast to other regions of North America, the results suggest that stream channels in this region fl ood more frequently than once each year, and can remain out of banks for several weeks each year. ?? 2009 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2009.2451(14)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Smith, D., Diehl, T., Turrini-Smith, L.A., Maas-Baldwin, J., and Croyle, Z., 2009, River restoration strategies in channelized, low-gradient landscapes of West Tennessee, USA: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 451, p. 215-229, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.2451(14).","startPage":"215","endPage":"229","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216299,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2009.2451(14)"},{"id":244162,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"451","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aadb6e4b0c8380cd86f66","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, D.P.","contributorId":64911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Diehl, T.H.","contributorId":89170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diehl","given":"T.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Turrini-Smith, L. A.","contributorId":86197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turrini-Smith","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Maas-Baldwin, J.","contributorId":20180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maas-Baldwin","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Croyle, Z.","contributorId":71413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Croyle","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70035536,"text":"70035536 - 2009 - Adaptation of farming practices could buffer effects of climate change on northern prairie wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:50","indexId":"70035536","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Adaptation of farming practices could buffer effects of climate change on northern prairie wetlands","docAbstract":"Wetlands of the Prairie Pothole Region of North America are vulnerable to climate change. Adaptation of farming practices to mitigate adverse impacts of climate change on wetland water levels is a potential watershed management option. We chose a modeling approach (WETSIM 3.2) to examine the effects of changes in climate and watershed cover on the water levels of a semi-permanent wetland in eastern South Dakota. Land-use practices simulated were unmanaged grassland, grassland managed with moderately heavy grazing, and cultivated crops. Climate scenarios were developed by adjusting the historical climate in combinations of 2??C and 4??C air temperature and ??10% precipitation. For these climate change scenarios, simulations of land use that produced water levels equal to or greater than unmanaged grassland under historical climate were judged to have mitigative potential against a drier climate. Water levels in wetlands surrounded by managed grasslands were significantly greater than those surrounded by unmanaged grassland. Management reduced both the proportion of years the wetland went dry and the frequency of dry periods, producing the most dynamic vegetation cycle for this modeled wetland. Both cultivated crops and managed grassland achieved water levels that were equal or greater than unmanaged grassland under historical climate for the 2??C rise in air temperature, and the 2??C rise plus 10% increase in precipitation scenarios. Managed grassland also produced water levels that were equal or greater than unmanaged grassland under historical climate for the 4??C rise plus 10% increase in precipitation scenario. Although these modeling results stand as hypotheses, they indicate that amelioration potential exists for a change in climate up to an increase of 2??C or 4??C with a concomitant 10% increase in precipitation. Few empirical data exist to verify the results of such land-use simulations; however, adaptation of farming practices is one possible mitigation avenue available for prairie wetlands. ?? 2009, The Society of Wetland Scientists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1672/07-241.1","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Voldseth, R., Johnson, W., Guntenspergen, G., Gilmanov, T., and Millett, B., 2009, Adaptation of farming practices could buffer effects of climate change on northern prairie wetlands: Wetlands, v. 29, no. 2, p. 635-647, https://doi.org/10.1672/07-241.1.","startPage":"635","endPage":"647","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216268,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1672/07-241.1"},{"id":244131,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e6e0e4b0c8380cd476c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Voldseth, R.A.","contributorId":80778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voldseth","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, W.C.","contributorId":68003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guntenspergen, G.R. 0000-0002-8593-0244","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8593-0244","contributorId":95424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guntenspergen","given":"G.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gilmanov, T.","contributorId":72892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilmanov","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Millett, B.V.","contributorId":48274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Millett","given":"B.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70035535,"text":"70035535 - 2009 - Integrating disparate lidar datasets for a regional storm tide inundation analysis of Hurricane Katrina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-23T12:41:52","indexId":"70035535","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrating disparate lidar datasets for a regional storm tide inundation analysis of Hurricane Katrina","docAbstract":"Hurricane Katrina was one of the largest natural disasters in U.S. history. Due to the sheer size of the affected areas, an unprecedented regional analysis at very high resolution and accuracy was needed to properly quantify and understand the effects of the hurricane and the storm tide. Many disparate sources of lidar data were acquired and processed for varying environmental reasons by pre- and post-Katrina projects. The datasets were in several formats and projections and were processed to varying phases of completion, and as a result the task of producing a seamless digital elevation dataset required a high level of coordination, research, and revision. To create a seamless digital elevation dataset, many technical issues had to be resolved before producing the desired 1/9-arc-second (3meter) grid needed as the map base for projecting the Katrina peak storm tide throughout the affected coastal region. This report presents the methodology that was developed to construct seamless digital elevation datasets from multipurpose, multi-use, and disparate lidar datasets, and describes an easily accessible Web application for viewing the maximum storm tide caused by Hurricane Katrina in southeastern Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama.
","language":"English","publisher":"Coastal Education and Research Foundation","doi":"10.2112/SI53-008.1","issn":"07490208","usgsCitation":"Stoker, J.M., Tyler, D.J., Turnipseed, D.P., Van Wilson, K., and Oimoen, M.J., 2009, Integrating disparate lidar datasets for a regional storm tide inundation analysis of Hurricane Katrina: Journal of Coastal Research, v. Special Issue 53, p. 66-72, https://doi.org/10.2112/SI53-008.1.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"66","endPage":"72","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244130,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216267,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2112/SI53-008.1"}],"volume":"Special Issue 53","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c77e4b0c8380cd62d6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stoker, Jason M. 0000-0003-2455-0931 jstoker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2455-0931","contributorId":3021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoker","given":"Jason","email":"jstoker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":451126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tyler, Dean J. 0000-0002-1542-7539 dtyler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1542-7539","contributorId":4268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tyler","given":"Dean","email":"dtyler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":451129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Turnipseed, D. Phil 0000-0002-9737-3203 pturnip@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9737-3203","contributorId":298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turnipseed","given":"D.","email":"pturnip@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Phil","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":451127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Van Wilson, K. Jr.","contributorId":62403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Wilson","given":"K.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Oimoen, Michael J. 0000-0003-3611-6227 oimoen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3611-6227","contributorId":4757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oimoen","given":"Michael","email":"oimoen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":451130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70035518,"text":"70035518 - 2009 - Invasive species information networks: Collaboration at multiple scales for prevention, early detection, and rapid response to invasive alien species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-10T16:18:55","indexId":"70035518","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1004,"text":"Biodiversity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Invasive species information networks: Collaboration at multiple scales for prevention, early detection, and rapid response to invasive alien species","docAbstract":"Accurate analysis of present distributions and effective modeling of future distributions of invasive alien species (IAS) are both highly dependent on the availability and accessibility of occurrence data and natural history information about the species. Invasive alien species monitoring and detection networks (such as the Invasive Plant Atlas of New England and the Invasive Plant Atlas of the MidSouth) generate occurrence data at local and regional levels within the United States, which are shared through the US National Institute of Invasive Species Science. The Inter-American Biodiversity Information Network's Invasives Information Network (I3N), facilitates cooperation on sharing invasive species occurrence data throughout the Western Hemisphere. The I3N and other national and regional networks expose their data globally via the Global Invasive Species Information Network (GISIN). International and interdisciplinary cooperation on data sharing strengthens cooperation on strategies and responses to invasions. However, limitations to effective collaboration among invasive species networks leading to successful early detection and rapid response to invasive species include: lack of interoperability; data accessibility; funding; and technical expertise. This paper proposes various solutions to these obstacles at different geographic levels and briefly describes success stories from the invasive species information networks mentioned above. Using biological informatics to facilitate global information sharing is especially critical in invasive species science, as research has shown that one of the best indicators of the invasiveness of a species is whether it has been invasive elsewhere. Data must also be shared across disciplines because natural history information (e.g. diet, predators, habitat requirements, etc.) about a species in its native range is vital for effective prevention, detection, and rapid response to an invasion. Finally, it has been our experience that sharing information, including invasive species dispersal mechanisms and rates, impacts, and prevention and control strategies, enables resource managers and decision-makers to mount a more effective response to biological invasions.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/14888386.2009.9712839","usgsCitation":"Simpson, A., Jarnevich, C.S., Madsen, J., Westbrooks, R.G., Fournier, C., Mehrhoff, L., Browne, M., Graham, J., and Sellers, E.A., 2009, Invasive species information networks: Collaboration at multiple scales for prevention, early detection, and rapid response to invasive alien species: Biodiversity, v. 10, no. 2-3, p. 5-13, https://doi.org/10.1080/14888386.2009.9712839.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"5","endPage":"13","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37226,"text":"Core Science Analytics, Synthesis, and Libraries","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244380,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3e26e4b0c8380cd63b4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simpson, Annie 0000-0001-8338-5134 asimpson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8338-5134","contributorId":127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"Annie","email":"asimpson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":451053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jarnevich, Catherine S. 0000-0002-9699-2336 jarnevichc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9699-2336","contributorId":3424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarnevich","given":"Catherine","email":"jarnevichc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":451055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Madsen, John","contributorId":178747,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Madsen","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Westbrooks, Randy G.","contributorId":147074,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Westbrooks","given":"Randy","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fournier, Christine","contributorId":178748,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fournier","given":"Christine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mehrhoff, Les","contributorId":178749,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mehrhoff","given":"Les","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Browne, Michael","contributorId":178752,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Browne","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Graham, Jim","contributorId":37608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Jim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Sellers, Elizabeth A. 0000-0003-4676-2994 esellers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4676-2994","contributorId":4704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sellers","given":"Elizabeth","email":"esellers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":451058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70032458,"text":"70032458 - 2009 - Turbulent stresses and secondary currents in a tidal-forced channel with significant curvature and asymmetric bed forms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-10T17:29:25.087434","indexId":"70032458","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Turbulent stresses and secondary currents in a tidal-forced channel with significant curvature and asymmetric bed forms","docAbstract":"Acoustic Doppler current profilers are deployed to measure both the mean flow and turbulent properties in a channel with significant curvature. Direct measurements of the Reynolds stress show a significant asymmetry over the tidal cycle where stresses are enhanced during the flood tide and less prominent over the ebb tide. This asymmetry is corroborated by logarithmic fits using
A suite of 23 basaltic to dacitic lavas erupted over the last 350 kyr from the Mount Adams volcanic field has been analyzed for U–Th isotope compositions to evaluate the roles of mantle versus crustal components during magma genesis. All of the lavas have (230Th/238U) > 1 and span a large range in (230Th/232Th) ratios, and most basalts have higher (230Th/232Th) ratios than andesites and dacites. Several of the lavas contain antecrysts (crystals of pre-existing material), yet internal U–Th mineral isochrons from six of seven lavas are indistinguishable from their eruption ages. This indicates a relatively brief period of time between crystal growth and eruption for most of the phenocrysts (olivine, clinopyroxene, plagioclase, magnetite) prior to eruption. One isochron gave a crystallization age that is ~ 20–25 ka older than its corresponding eruptive age, and is interpreted to reflect mixing of older and juvenile crystals or a protracted period of magma storage in the crust. Much of the eruptive volume since 350 ka consists of lavas that have small to moderate 230Th excesses (2–16%), which are likely inherited from melting of a garnet-bearing intraplate (“OIB-like”) mantle source. Following melt generation and subsequent migration through the upper mantle, most Mt. Adams magmas interacted with young, mafic lower crust, as indicated by 187Os/188Os ratios that are substantially more radiogenic than the mantle or those expected via mixing of subducted material and the mantle wedge. Moreover, Os–Th isotope variations suggest that unusually large 230Th excesses (25–48%) and high 187Os/188Os ratios in some peripheral lavas reflect assimilation of small degree partial melts of pre-Quaternary basement that had residual garnet or Al-rich clinopyroxene. Despite the isotopic evidence for lower crustal assimilation, these processes are not generally recorded in the erupted phenocrysts, indicating that the crystal record of the deep-level ‘cryptic’ processes has been decoupled from shallow-level crystallization.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2008.09.035","usgsCitation":"Jicha, B.R., Johnson, C.M., Hildreth, W., Beard, B.L., Hart, G.L., Shirey, S.B., and Singer, B.S., 2009, Discriminating assimilants and decoupling deep- vs. shallow-level crystal records at Mount Adams using 238U-230Th disequilibria and Os isotopes: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 277, no. 1-2, p. 38-49, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2008.09.035.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"38","endPage":"49","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-007730","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241635,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount Adams","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.6241455078125,\n 46.08847179577592\n ],\n [\n -121.26983642578124,\n 46.08847179577592\n ],\n [\n -121.26983642578124,\n 46.27673288302042\n ],\n [\n -121.6241455078125,\n 46.27673288302042\n ],\n [\n -121.6241455078125,\n 46.08847179577592\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"277","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a01f6e4b0c8380cd4fe02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jicha, Brian R. 0000-0002-1228-515X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1228-515X","contributorId":229557,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jicha","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":16925,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":438000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Clark M.","contributorId":195431,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Clark","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hildreth, Wes 0000-0002-7925-4251 hildreth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7925-4251","contributorId":2221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildreth","given":"Wes","email":"hildreth@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":438005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beard, Brian L.","contributorId":195430,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beard","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hart, Garret L.","contributorId":198281,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hart","given":"Garret","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shirey, Steven B.","contributorId":198282,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shirey","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Singer, Brad S. 0000-0003-3595-5168","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3595-5168","contributorId":229592,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Singer","given":"Brad","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":41688,"text":"Department of Geosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53716, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":438001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70036647,"text":"70036647 - 2009 - Gene-expression signatures of Atlantic salmon's plastic life cycle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:57","indexId":"70036647","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1738,"text":"General and Comparative Endocrinology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gene-expression signatures of Atlantic salmon's plastic life cycle","docAbstract":"How genomic expression differs as a function of life history variation is largely unknown. Atlantic salmon exhibits extreme alternative life histories. We defined the gene-expression signatures of wild-caught salmon at two different life stages by comparing the brain expression profiles of mature sneaker males and immature males, and early migrants and late migrants. In addition to life-stage-specific signatures, we discovered a surprisingly large gene set that was differentially regulated-at similar magnitudes, yet in opposite direction-in both life history transitions. We suggest that this co-variation is not a consequence of many independent cellular and molecular switches in the same direction but rather represents the molecular equivalent of a physiological shift orchestrated by one or very few master regulators. ?? 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"General and Comparative Endocrinology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2009.04.021","issn":"00166480","usgsCitation":"Aubin-Horth, N., Letcher, B., and Hofmann, H., 2009, Gene-expression signatures of Atlantic salmon's plastic life cycle: General and Comparative Endocrinology, v. 163, no. 3, p. 278-284, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2009.04.021.","startPage":"278","endPage":"284","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476430,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2009.04.021","text":"External Repository"},{"id":245633,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217673,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2009.04.021"}],"volume":"163","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a14fce4b0c8380cd54c61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aubin-Horth, N.","contributorId":9850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aubin-Horth","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Letcher, B. H. 0000-0003-0191-5678","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-5678","contributorId":48132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letcher","given":"B.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":457154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hofmann, H.A.","contributorId":30432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofmann","given":"H.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}