Sea level elevations from near the mouth of San Francisco Bay are used to describe the low-frequency variability of forcing of the coastal ocean on the Bay at a variety of temporal scales. About 90% of subtidal fluctuations in sea level in San Francisco Bay are driven by the sea level variations in the coastal ocean that propagate into the Bay at the estuary mouth. We use the 100-year sea level record available at San Francisco to document a 1.9 mm/yr mean sea level rise, and to determine fluctuations related to El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and other climatic events. At time scales greater than 1 year, ENSO dominates the sea level signal and can result in fluctuations in sea level of 10–15 cm. Alongshore wind stress data from central California are also analyzed to determine the impact of changes in coastal elevation at the mouth of San Francisco Bay within the synoptic wind band of 2–30 days. At least 40% of the subtidal fluctuations in sea level of the Bay are tied to the large-scale regional wind field affecting sea level variations in the coastal ocean, with little local, direct wind forcing of the Bay itself. The majority of the subtidal sea level fluctuations within the Bay that are not related to the coastal ocean sea level signal are forced by an east–west sea level gradient resulting from tidally induced variations in sea level at specific beat frequencies that are enhanced in the northern reach of the Bay. River discharge into the Bay through the Sacramento and San Joaquin River Delta also contributes to the east–west gradient, but to a lesser degree.
The Hayward Fault System is considered the most likely fault system in the San Francisco Bay Area, California, to produce a major earthquake in the next 30 years. To better understand this fault system, we use microseismicity to study its structure and kinematics. We present a new 3D seismic-velocity model for the eastern San Francisco Bay region, using microseismicity and controlled sources, which reveals a ∼10% velocity contrast across the Hayward fault in the upper 10 km, with higher velocity in the Franciscan Complex to the west relative to the Great Valley Sequence to the east. This contrast is imaged more sharply in our localized model than in previous regional-scale models. Thick Cenozoic sedimentary basins, such as the Livermore basin, which may experience particularly strong shaking during an earthquake, are imaged in the model.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120060032","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Hardebeck, J., Michael, A., and Brocher, T., 2007, Seismic velocity structure and seismotectonics of the eastern San Francisco Bay region, California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 97, no. 3, p. 826-842, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120060032.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"826","endPage":"842","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239502,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.09890285663033,\n 38.418772287805865\n ],\n [\n -123.09890285663033,\n 37.186710878757324\n ],\n [\n -121.47362362473098,\n 37.186710878757324\n ],\n [\n -121.47362362473098,\n 38.418772287805865\n ],\n [\n -123.09890285663033,\n 38.418772287805865\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"97","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b76e4b08c986b317850","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hardebeck, J.L.","contributorId":98862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardebeck","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Michael, A.J. 0000-0002-2403-5019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2403-5019","contributorId":52192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"A.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brocher, T.M. 0000-0002-9740-839X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-839X","contributorId":69994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocher","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030195,"text":"70030195 - 2007 - Deep-water chaunacid and lophiid anglerfishes (Pisces: Lophiiformes) off the south-eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:15","indexId":"70030195","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2285,"text":"Journal of Fish Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deep-water chaunacid and lophiid anglerfishes (Pisces: Lophiiformes) off the south-eastern United States","docAbstract":"Recent research cruises to deep (80-910 m) reef habitats off the south-eastern U.S. and in the northern Gulf of Mexico have provided new information on the diagnostic characteristics, behaviours, colour patterns in life, bottom associations, distributions and maximum sizes of species of the anglerfish genera Chaunax, Lophiodes and Sladenia. Chaunax stigmaeus occurred much further south than previously known (Blake Plateau off South Carolina), and all C. stigmaeus observed were found associated with dense beds of dead coral (Lophelia pertusa) rubble or on broken hard bottom. In contrast, Chaunax suttkusi was found on soft bottoms. Chaunax stigmaeus and C. suttkusi appear to be sympatric over a major portion of their ranges. Because knowledge of pigmentation in live or freshly caught Chaunax is critical to distinguish some members of the genus, changes in the colouration of C. suttkusi were noted and documented photographically immediately after death and after fixation. The yellow spots found on some, but not all specimens, temporarily disappeared completely after death, but they reappeared after fixation, slowly disappearing thereafter along with other carotenoid pigments. Lophiodes beroe and Lophiodes monodi were collected for the first time off the Atlantic coast of the U.S., being previously known only from the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea and the northern coast of South America. For both species (L. beroe and L. monodi), the collections included the two largest known representatives of the species (400 and 325 mm standard length, respectively). Lophiodes beroe commonly occurred on L. pertusa rubble, and seemed to prefer this habitat. Occupying such a habitat that is deep and difficult to sample probably explains how this common species escaped detection. Only a single L. monodi was collected or observed, so this species appears to be uncommon in this geographic area or at least so on coral rubble habitat. Detailed aspects of the colour patterns of both species were noted. In particular, L. beroe displayed a characteristic pattern of white patches in life that were not apparent after death. The first photographic documentation of the colour pattern in life and of the pharyngeal pigmentation of Lophiodes reticulatus is provided. The third known specimen of Sladenia shaefersi, and the first to be taken in U.S. waters was collected from coral rubble near the base of a steep 200 m scarp on the Blake Plateau. ?? 2007 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Fish Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01360.x","issn":"00221112","usgsCitation":"Caruso, J.H., Ross, S.W., Sulak, K., and Sedberry, G., 2007, Deep-water chaunacid and lophiid anglerfishes (Pisces: Lophiiformes) off the south-eastern United States: Journal of Fish Biology, v. 70, no. 4, p. 1015-1026, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01360.x.","startPage":"1015","endPage":"1026","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212165,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01360.x"},{"id":239610,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-04-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe31e4b0c8380cd4eba9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Caruso, John H.","contributorId":58098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caruso","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ross, Steve W.","contributorId":72543,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ross","given":"Steve","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sulak, K. J. 0000-0002-4795-9310","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4795-9310","contributorId":76690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sulak","given":"K. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sedberry, G.R.","contributorId":35122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sedberry","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030719,"text":"70030719 - 2007 - Passive aerobic treatment of net-alkaline, iron-laden drainage from a flooded underground anthracite mine, Pennsylvania, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:10","indexId":"70030719","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2745,"text":"Mine Water and the Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Passive aerobic treatment of net-alkaline, iron-laden drainage from a flooded underground anthracite mine, Pennsylvania, USA","docAbstract":"This report evaluates the results of a continuous 4.5-day laboratory aeration experiment and the first year of passive, aerobic treatment of abandoned mine drainage (AMD) from a typical flooded underground anthracite mine in eastern Pennsylvania, USA. During 1991-2006, the AMD source, locally known as the Otto Discharge, had flows from 20 to 270 L/s (median 92 L/s) and water quality that was consistently suboxic (median 0.9 mg/L O2) and circumneutral (pH ??? 6.0; net alkalinity >10) with moderate concentrations of dissolved iron and manganese and low concentrations of dissolved aluminum (medians of 11, 2.2, and <0.2 mg/L, respectively). In 2001, the laboratory aeration experiment demonstrated rapid oxidation of ferrous iron (Fe 2+) without supplemental alkalinity; the initial Fe2+ concentration of 16.4 mg/L decreased to less than 0.5 mg/L within 24 h; pH values increased rapidly from 5.8 to 7.2, ultimately attaining a steady-state value of 7.5. The increased pH coincided with a rapid decrease in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) from an initial value of 10 -1.1atm to a steady-state value of 10-3.1atm. From these results, a staged aerobic treatment system was conceptualized consisting of a 2 m deep pond with innovative aeration and recirculation to promote rapid oxidation of Fe2+, two 0.3 m deep wetlands to facilitate iron solids removal, and a supplemental oxic limestone drain for dissolved manganese and trace-metal removal. The system was constructed, but without the aeration mechanism, and began operation in June 2005. During the first 12 months of operation, estimated detention times in the treatment system ranged from 9 to 38 h. However, in contrast with 80-100% removal of Fe2+ over similar elapsed times during the laboratory aeration experiment, the treatment system typically removed less than 35% of the influent Fe2+. Although concentrations of dissolved CO2 decreased progressively within the treatment system, the PCO2 values for treated effluent remained elevated (10-2.4 to 10-1.7atm). The elevated PCO 2 maintained the pH within the system at values less than 7 and hence slowed the rate of Fe2+ oxidation compared to the aeration experiment. Kinetic models of Fe2+ oxidation that consider effects of pH and dissolved O2 were incorporated in the geochemical computer program PHREEQC to evaluate the effects of detention time, pH, and other variables on Fe2+ oxidation and removal rates. These models and the laboratory aeration experiment indicate that performance of this and other aerobic wetlands for treatment of net-alkaline AMD could be improved by aggressive, continuous aeration in the initial stage to decrease PCO 2, increase pH, and accelerate Fe2+ oxidation. ?? 2007 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mine Water and the Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10230-007-0002-8","issn":"10259112","usgsCitation":"Cravotta, C., 2007, Passive aerobic treatment of net-alkaline, iron-laden drainage from a flooded underground anthracite mine, Pennsylvania, USA: Mine Water and the Environment, v. 26, no. 3, p. 128-149, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-007-0002-8.","startPage":"128","endPage":"149","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212138,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10230-007-0002-8"},{"id":239574,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7576e4b0c8380cd77b70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cravotta, C.A. III","contributorId":18405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cravotta","given":"C.A.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70030722,"text":"70030722 - 2007 - Three new percid fishes (Percidae: Percina) from the Mobile Basin drainage of Alabama, Georgia, and Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-16T16:12:18.024251","indexId":"70030722","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3814,"text":"Zootaxa","onlineIssn":"1175-5334","printIssn":"1175-5326","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Three new percid fishes (Percidae: Percina) from the Mobile Basin drainage of Alabama, Georgia, and Tennessee","docAbstract":"Three new species of Percina are described from upland drainages of the Mobile Basin. Two of the three species are narrowly distributed: P. kusha, the Bridled Darter, is currently known only from the Conasauga River drainage in Georgia and Tennessee and Etowah River drainage in Georgia, both tributaries of the Coosa River, and P. sipsi, the Bankhead Darter, which is restricted to tributaries of Sipsey Fork of the Black Warrior River in northwestern Alabama. The third species, P. smithvanizi, the Muscadine Darter, occurs above the Fall Line in the Tallapoosa River drainage in eastern Alabama and western Georgia. In a molecular analysis using mitochondrial cytochrome b sequence data, P. kusha and P. smithvanizi were recovered as sister species, while Percina sipsi was recovered in a clade consisting of P. aurolineata (P. sciera + P. sipsi). Two of the three species, P. kusha and P. sipsi, are considered to be imperiled species and are in need of conservation actions to prevent their extinction. Description of these three darters increases the number of described species of Percina to 44. Sixteen are known to occur in the Mobile Basin, including nine that are endemic.
","language":"English","publisher":"Magnolia Press","doi":"10.11646/zootaxa.1549.1.1","usgsCitation":"Williams, J., Neely, D., Walsh, S., and Burkhead, N., 2007, Three new percid fishes (Percidae: Percina) from the Mobile Basin drainage of Alabama, Georgia, and Tennessee: Zootaxa, no. 1549, p. 1-28, https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1549.1.1.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"28","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239609,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Georgia, Tennessee","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.04394531249999,\n 35.567980458012094\n ],\n [\n -90.4833984375,\n 34.70549341022544\n ],\n [\n -89.82421875,\n 34.77771580360469\n ],\n [\n -89.1650390625,\n 34.77771580360469\n ],\n [\n -88.1982421875,\n 34.77771580360469\n ],\n [\n -88.41796875,\n 30.372875188118016\n ],\n [\n -85.8251953125,\n 30.637912028341123\n ],\n [\n -81.123046875,\n 30.486550842588485\n ],\n [\n -80.8154296875,\n 32.32427558887655\n ],\n [\n -82.177734375,\n 33.90689555128866\n ],\n [\n -83.3642578125,\n 35.31736632923788\n ],\n [\n -81.0791015625,\n 36.66841891894786\n ],\n [\n -89.20898437499999,\n 36.421282443649496\n ],\n [\n -90.04394531249999,\n 35.567980458012094\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","issue":"1549","edition":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-08-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb311e4b08c986b325b71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, J.D.","contributorId":74701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neely, D.A.","contributorId":103083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neely","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walsh, S. J. 0000-0002-1009-8537","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1009-8537","contributorId":62171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"S. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burkhead, N.M.","contributorId":34456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkhead","given":"N.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030776,"text":"70030776 - 2007 - Diverse dinosaur-dominated ichnofaunas from the Potomac Group (Lower Cretaceous) Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-06T14:51:51","indexId":"70030776","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1965,"text":"Ichnos: An International Journal for Plant and Animal Traces","onlineIssn":"1563-5236","printIssn":"1042-0940","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diverse dinosaur-dominated ichnofaunas from the Potomac Group (Lower Cretaceous) Maryland","docAbstract":"Until recently fossil footprints were virtually unknown from the Cretaceous of the eastern United States. The discovery of about 300 footprints in iron-rich siliciclastic facies of the Patuxent Formation (Potomac Group) of Aptian age is undoubtedly one of the most significant Early Cretaceous track discoveries since the Paluxy track discoveries in Texas in the 1930s. The Patuxent tracks include theropod, sauropod, ankylosaur and ornithopod dinosaur footprints, pterosaur tracks, and miscellaneous mammal and other vertebrate ichnites that collectively suggest a diversity of about 14 morphotypes. This is about twice the previous maximum estimate for any known Early Cretaceous vertebrate ichnofauna. Among the more distinctive forms are excellent examples of hypsilophodontid tracks and a surprisingly large mammal footprint. A remarkable feature of the Patuxent track assemblage is the high proportion of small tracks indicative of hatchlings, independently verified by the discovery of a hatchling-sized dinosaur. Such evidence suggests the proximity of nest sites. The preservation of such small tracks is very rare in the Cretaceous track record, and indeed throughout most of the Mesozoic.
This unusual preservation not only provides us with a window into a diverse Early Cretaceous ecosystem, but it also suggests the potential of such facies to provide ichnological bonanzas. A remarkable feature of the assemblage is that it consists largely of reworked nodules and clasts that may have previously been reworked within the Patuxent Formation. Such unusual contexts of preservation should provide intriguing research opportunities for sedimentologists interested in the diagenesis and taphonomy of a unique track-bearing facies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10420940601049404","usgsCitation":"Stanford, R., Lockley, M.G., and Weems, R.E., 2007, Diverse dinosaur-dominated ichnofaunas from the Potomac Group (Lower Cretaceous) Maryland: Ichnos: An International Journal for Plant and Animal Traces, v. 14, no. 3-4, p. 155-173, https://doi.org/10.1080/10420940601049404.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"155","endPage":"173","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238889,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","volume":"14","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a034be4b0c8380cd503f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanford, Ray","contributorId":12240,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stanford","given":"Ray","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lockley, Martin G.","contributorId":22428,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lockley","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weems, Robert E. 0000-0002-1907-7804 rweems@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1907-7804","contributorId":2663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weems","given":"Robert","email":"rweems@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":428615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030861,"text":"70030861 - 2007 - Environmental geochemistry at Red Mountain, an unmined volcanogenic massive sulphide deposit in the Bonnifield district, Alaska Range, east-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-19T09:53:27","indexId":"70030861","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1758,"text":"Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental geochemistry at Red Mountain, an unmined volcanogenic massive sulphide deposit in the Bonnifield district, Alaska Range, east-central Alaska","docAbstract":"The unmined, pyrite-rich Red Mountain (Dry Creek) deposit displays a remarkable environmental footprint of natural acid generation, high metal and exceedingly high rare earth element (REE) concentrations in surface waters. The volcanogenic massive sulphide deposit exhibits well-constrained examples of acid-generating, metal-leaching, metal-precipitation and self-mitigation (via co-precipitation, dilution and neutralization) processes that occur in an undisturbed natural setting, a rare occurrence in North America. Oxidative dissolution of pyrite and associated secondary reactions under near-surface oxidizing conditions are the primary causes for the acid generation and metal leaching. The deposit is hosted in Devonian to Mississippian felsic metavolcanic rocks of the Mystic Creek Member of the Totatlanika Schist.
Water samples with the lowest pH (many below 3.5), highest specific conductance (commonly >2500 μS/cm) and highest major- and trace-element concentrations are from springs and streams within the quartz–sericite–pyrite alteration zone. Aluminum, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Y, Zn and, particularly, the REEs are found in high concentrations, ranging across four orders of magnitude. Waters collected upstream from the alteration zone have near-neutral pH, lower specific conductance (370 to 830 μS/cm), lower metal concentrations and measurable alkalinities. Water samples collected downstream of the alteration zone have pH and metal concentrations intermediate between these two extremes. Stream sediments are anomalous in Zn, Pb, S, Fe, Cu, As, Co, Sb and Cd relative to local and regional background abundances. Red Mountain Creek and its tributaries do not, and probably never have, supported significant aquatic life.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of London","doi":"10.1144/1467-7873/07-136","issn":"14677873","usgsCitation":"Eppinger, R.G., Briggs, P., Dusel-Bacon, C., Giles, S.A., Gough, L.P., Hammarstrom, J.M., and Hubbard, B.E., 2007, Environmental geochemistry at Red Mountain, an unmined volcanogenic massive sulphide deposit in the Bonnifield district, Alaska Range, east-central Alaska: Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis, v. 7, no. 3, p. 207-223, https://doi.org/10.1144/1467-7873/07-136.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"207","endPage":"223","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238667,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Red Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -151.875,\n 63.39152174400882\n ],\n [\n -146.1181640625,\n 63.39152174400882\n ],\n [\n -146.1181640625,\n 65.45826097864811\n ],\n [\n -151.875,\n 65.45826097864811\n ],\n [\n -151.875,\n 63.39152174400882\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a09c5e4b0c8380cd5205f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eppinger, Robert G. eppinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eppinger","given":"Robert","email":"eppinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Briggs, Paul H.","contributorId":107691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Paul H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dusel-Bacon, Cynthia 0000-0001-8481-739X cdusel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8481-739X","contributorId":2797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dusel-Bacon","given":"Cynthia","email":"cdusel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Giles, Stuart A. 0000-0002-8696-5078 sgiles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8696-5078","contributorId":1233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giles","given":"Stuart","email":"sgiles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gough, Larry P. lgough@usgs.gov","contributorId":1230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gough","given":"Larry","email":"lgough@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":777759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hammarstrom, Jane M. 0000-0003-2742-3460 jhammars@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2742-3460","contributorId":1226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammarstrom","given":"Jane","email":"jhammars@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hubbard, Bernard E. 0000-0002-9315-2032 bhubbard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9315-2032","contributorId":2342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubbard","given":"Bernard","email":"bhubbard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70031052,"text":"70031052 - 2007 - A condensed middle Cenomanian succession in the Dakota Sandstone (Upper Cretaceous), Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, Socorro County, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-12T09:48:20","indexId":"70031052","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2860,"text":"New Mexico Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A condensed middle Cenomanian succession in the Dakota Sandstone (Upper Cretaceous), Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, Socorro County, New Mexico","docAbstract":"The upper part of the Dakota Sandstone exposed on the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, northern Socorro County, New Mexico, is a condensed, Upper Cretaceous, marine succession spanning the first five middle Cenomanian ammonite zones of the U.S. Western Interior. Farther north in New Mexico these five ammonite zones occur over a stratigraphic interval more than an order of magnitude thicker. The basal part of this marine sequence was deposited in Seboyeta Bay, an elongate east-west embayment into New Mexico that marked the initial transgression of the western shoreline of the Late Cretaceous seaway into New Mexico.
The primary mechanism for condensing this section was nearshore, submarine erosion, although nondeposition played a minor role. The ammonite fossils from each zone are generally fragments of internal molds that are corroded on one side, indicating submarine burial, erosion of the prefossilized steinkern, and corrosion on the sea floor. In addition, the base of the condensed succession is marked by a thin bed that contains abundant, white-weathering, spherical to cylindrical phosphate nodules, many of which contain a cylindrical axial cavity of unknown origin.
The nodules lie on the bedding surface of the highly burrowed, ridge-forming sandstone near the top of the Dakota and occur in the overlying breccia. The breccia consists of rip-up clasts of sandstone and eroded internal molds of the ammonite Conlinoceras tarrantense, the zonal index for the basal middle Cenomanian. The nodules below the breccia imply a time of erosion followed by nondeposition or sediment bypass during which the phosphatization occurred. The breccia implies a time of submarine erosion, probably storm-related.
Remarkably, this condensed succession and the basal part of the overlying Mancos Shale tongue contain one of the most complete middle Cenomanian ammonite sequences in the U.S. Western Interior. Five of the six ammonite zones that characterize the middle Cenomanian of the Western Interior are found on Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge. Only representatives of the second oldest zone are missing, although stratigraphically there is room for this zone. Fossils from each zone occur in stratigraphically separated beds; no zone overlaps with or is superimposed on another.
Maps of the western shoreline of the seaway at the beginning and end of the time represented by the condensed succession show the progression of the Late Cretaceous seaway from embayment to ocean covering most of New Mexico. These maps, combined with the resolving power of the middle Cenomanian biostratigraphic framework, indicate that the southern shoreline of Seboyeta Bay, which was only a few miles south of Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, was virtually stationary for most of this time. This ensured that the refuge was under shallow, well-oxygenated, marine waters for much of middle Cenomanian time. It also ensured that deposited sediments would be subjected periodically to erosion by nearshore waves and currents.
This report marks the first recorded occurrence in New Mexico of the following ammonite species: Acanthoceras muldoonense (zonal index), A. bellense (zonal index), Turrilites (Euturrilites) scheuchzerianus, Cunningtoniceras cf. C. cunningtoni, and Paraconlinoceras leonense. The occurrences of the zonal indices in the Dakota Sandstone on and to the south of the refuge increase not only their geographic distributions, but also the biostratigraphic resolution in the middle Cenomanian of New Mexico.
","language":"English","publisher":"New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources","issn":"0196948X","usgsCitation":"Hook, S.C., and Cobban, W., 2007, A condensed middle Cenomanian succession in the Dakota Sandstone (Upper Cretaceous), Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, Socorro County, New Mexico: New Mexico Geology, v. 29, no. 3, p. 75-96.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"96","costCenters":[{"id":207,"text":"Core Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239008,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270669,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://geoinfo.nmt.edu/publications/periodicals/nmg/backissues/home.cfml?SpecificYear=&FromYear=&ToYear=&Volume=29&Number=3&title=&author=&keywords=&NMcounty=ANY&Submit=Search"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","county":"Socorro County","otherGeospatial":"Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.0898,34.1882 ], [ -107.0898,34.422 ], [ -106.5139,34.422 ], [ -106.5139,34.1882 ], [ -107.0898,34.1882 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"29","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e395e4b0c8380cd460f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hook, Stephen C.","contributorId":175265,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hook","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cobban, William A.","contributorId":99529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cobban","given":"William A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031067,"text":"70031067 - 2007 - Post-middle Miocene origin of modern landforms in the eastern Piedmont of Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-27T06:45:38","indexId":"70031067","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3481,"text":"Stratigraphy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Post-middle Miocene origin of modern landforms in the eastern Piedmont of Virginia","docAbstract":"Diverse late middle Miocene dinoflagellate floras, obtained from two sites along the western edge of the Atlantic Coastal Plain in central Virginia, indicate that the eastern Virginia Piedmont was covered by marine waters about 12-13 Ma. This transgression extended farther westward across the Virginia Piedmont than any other transgression that has been documented. Extensive fluvial deposits that may be associated with this transgression covered earlier stream patterns in the eastern Piedmont and buried them beneath a thin (probably less than 100 foot-thick) veneer of sand and gravel. During the subsequent regression, a linear down-slope stream-drainage pattern developed. Although it has been somewhat modified by later stream captures, it still is easily recognizable. This interval of marine inundation and deposition explains why modern stream patterns in the eastern Piedmont of Virginia strongly resemble the stream patterns in the Coastal Plain and differ from the structurally adjusted trellis stream patterns typical of the western Piedmont, Blue Ridge, and Valley and Ridge regions. Uplift of the modern Southern Appalachian Mountains began at the time of this transgression and was largely completed by the late Pliocene.","language":"English","issn":"00262803","usgsCitation":"Weems, R.E., and Edwards, L.E., 2007, Post-middle Miocene origin of modern landforms in the eastern Piedmont of Virginia: Stratigraphy, v. 4, no. 1, p. 35-48.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"48","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238779,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.4521484375,\n 36.66841891894786\n ],\n [\n -75.849609375,\n 36.59788913307022\n ],\n [\n -76.0693359375,\n 37.54457732085582\n ],\n [\n -76.6845703125,\n 38.85682013474361\n ],\n [\n -77.87109375,\n 39.33429742980725\n ],\n [\n -78.2666015625,\n 39.26628442213066\n ],\n [\n -79.365234375,\n 38.54816542304656\n ],\n [\n -80.2001953125,\n 37.43997405227057\n ],\n [\n -81.5625,\n 37.16031654673677\n ],\n [\n -81.9580078125,\n 37.47485808497102\n ],\n [\n -83.4521484375,\n 36.66841891894786\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7e6ae4b0c8380cd7a522","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weems, Robert E. 0000-0002-1907-7804 rweems@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1907-7804","contributorId":2663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weems","given":"Robert","email":"rweems@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edwards, Lucy E. 0000-0003-4075-3317 leedward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-3317","contributorId":2647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Lucy","email":"leedward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031075,"text":"70031075 - 2007 - Modeled impact of anthropogenic land cover change on climate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:16","indexId":"70031075","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2216,"text":"Journal of Climate","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeled impact of anthropogenic land cover change on climate","docAbstract":"Equilibrium experiments with the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's climate model are used to investigate the impact of anthropogenic land cover change on climate. Regions of altered land cover include large portions of Europe, India, eastern China, and the eastern United States. Smaller areas of change are present in various tropical regions. This study focuses on the impacts of biophysical changes associated with the land cover change (albedo, root and stomatal properties, roughness length), which is almost exclusively a conversion from forest to grassland in the model; the effects of irrigation or other water management practices and the effects of atmospheric carbon dioxide changes associated with land cover conversion are not included in these experiments. The model suggests that observed land cover changes have little or no impact on globally averaged climatic variables (e.g., 2-m air temperature is 0.008 K warmer in a simulation with 1990 land cover compared to a simulation with potential natural vegetation cover). Differences in the annual mean climatic fields analyzed did not exhibit global field significance. Within some of the regions of land cover change, however, there are relatively large changes of many surface climatic variables. These changes are highly significant locally in the annual mean and in most months of the year in eastern Europe and northern India. They can be explained mainly as direct and indirect consequences of model-prescribed increases in surface albedo, decreases in rooting depth, and changes of stomatal control that accompany deforestation. ?? 2007 American Meteorological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Climate","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1175/JCLI4185.1","issn":"08948755","usgsCitation":"Findell, K., Shevliakova, E., Milly, P., and Stouffer, R., 2007, Modeled impact of anthropogenic land cover change on climate: Journal of Climate, v. 20, no. 14, p. 3621-3634, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI4185.1.","startPage":"3621","endPage":"3634","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477007,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli4185.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238874,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211567,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI4185.1"}],"volume":"20","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-07-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5bbde4b0c8380cd6f78e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Findell, K.L.","contributorId":20137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Findell","given":"K.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shevliakova, E.","contributorId":27238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shevliakova","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Milly, P. C. D.","contributorId":100489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milly","given":"P. C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stouffer, R.J.","contributorId":23757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stouffer","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70031099,"text":"70031099 - 2007 - Sources of speciated atmospheric mercury at a residential neighborhood impacted by industrial sources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-16T11:24:35","indexId":"70031099","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources of speciated atmospheric mercury at a residential neighborhood impacted by industrial sources","docAbstract":"Speciated measurements of atmospheric mercury plumes were obtained at an industrially impacted residential area of East St. Louis, IL. These plumes were found to result in extremely high mercury concentrations at ground level that were composed of a wide distribution of mercury species. Ground level concentrations as high as 235 ng m-3 for elemental mercury (Hg 0) and 38 300 pg m-3 for reactive mercury species (reactive gaseous (RGM) plus particulate (PHg) mercury) were measured. The highest mercury concentrations observed during the study were associated with plumes that contained high concentrations of all mercury species (Hg 0, RGM, and PHg) and originated from a source located southwest of the sampling site. Variations in proportions of Hg0/RGM/PHg among plumes, with Hg0 dominating some plumes and RGM and/or PHg dominating others, were attributed to differences in emissions from different sources. Correlations between mercury plumes and elevated NOx were not observed; however, a correlation between elevated SO2 and mercury plumes was observed during some but not all plume events. Despite the presence of six coal-fired power plants within 60 km of the study site, wind direction data along with Hg/SO2 and Hg/NOx ratios suggest that high-concentration mercury plumes impacting the St. Louis-Midwest Particle Matter Supersite are attributable to local point sources within 5 km of the site.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es0700348","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Manolopoulos, H., Snyder, D., Schauer, J.J., Hill, J., Turner, J., Olson, M.L., and Krabbenhoft, D.P., 2007, Sources of speciated atmospheric mercury at a residential neighborhood impacted by industrial sources: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 41, no. 16, p. 5626-5633, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0700348.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"5626","endPage":"5633","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":211427,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0700348"},{"id":238713,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","city":"St. Louis","otherGeospatial":"St. Louis-Midwest Particle Matter Supersite","volume":"41","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-07-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9391e4b08c986b31a576","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manolopoulos, H.","contributorId":74573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manolopoulos","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Snyder, D.C.","contributorId":56853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schauer, James J","contributorId":200131,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schauer","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hill, J.S.","contributorId":88553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Turner, J.R.","contributorId":92487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Olson, Mark L.","contributorId":149743,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olson","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":17808,"text":"University of Illinois, Champaign","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":430023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, David P. 0000-0003-1964-5020 dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":1658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"David","email":"dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":430027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70031159,"text":"70031159 - 2007 - Reinterpretation of Paleoproterozoic accretionary boundaries of the north-central United States based on a new aeromagnetic-geologic compilation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:19","indexId":"70031159","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3112,"text":"Precambrian Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reinterpretation of Paleoproterozoic accretionary boundaries of the north-central United States based on a new aeromagnetic-geologic compilation","docAbstract":"The Paleoproterozoic crust in the north-central U.S. represents intact juvenile terranes accreted to the rifted Archean Superior craton. A new tectonic province map, based on the interpretation of a new aeromagnetic compilation, published geologic maps, and recent geochronologic data, shows progressive accretion of juvenile arc terranes from ca. 1900-1600 Ma. Contrary to earlier models, geon 18 Penokean-interval crust is primarily confined to a ???2100 Ma tectonic embayment of the rifted Superior craton. The newly defined Spirit Lake tectonic zone, characterized by a sharp magnetic discontinuity that marks the southern limit of Archean and Penokean-interval rocks, is here interpreted to represent an eastern analog of the Cheyenne belt suture zone in southern Wyoming. South of this boundary, geon 17 Yavapai-interval rocks form the basement upon which 1750 Ma rhyolite and succeeding quartzite sequences were deposited. Substantial portions of the Penokean and Yavapai terranes were subsequently deformed during the 1650-1630 Ma Mazatzal orogeny. The northern boundary of the Mazatzal terrane is obscured by abundant 1470-1430 Ma \"anorogenic\" plutons that stitched the suture with the older Yavapai terrane rocks. These data reveal a progressive tectonic younging to the south as the Laurentian craton grew southward and stabilized during the Proterozoic. Late Mesoproterozoic rift magmatism produced pronounced geophysical anomalies, indicating strong, but localized crustal modification. In comparison to the western U.S., little tectonism has occurred here in the last 1 billion years, providing a uniquely preserved record of the Precambrian evolution of the continental U.S. lithosphere. ?? 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Precambrian Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.precamres.2007.02.023","issn":"03019268","usgsCitation":"Holm, D., Anderson, R., Boerboom, T., Cannon, W., Chandler, V., Jirsa, M., Miller, J., Schneider, D., Schulz, K.J., and Van Schmus, W.R., 2007, Reinterpretation of Paleoproterozoic accretionary boundaries of the north-central United States based on a new aeromagnetic-geologic compilation: Precambrian Research, v. 157, no. 1-4, p. 71-79, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2007.02.023.","startPage":"71","endPage":"79","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211378,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2007.02.023"},{"id":238658,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"157","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a608e4b0e8fec6cdc07a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holm, D.K.","contributorId":68955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holm","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, R.","contributorId":104191,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boerboom, Terrence","contributorId":11785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boerboom","given":"Terrence","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cannon, W.F. 0000-0002-2699-8118","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2699-8118","contributorId":70382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"W.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chandler, V.","contributorId":69776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chandler","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jirsa, M.","contributorId":82125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jirsa","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Miller, J.","contributorId":16939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Schneider, D.A.","contributorId":58457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Schulz, K. J.","contributorId":79131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Van Schmus, W. R.","contributorId":83114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Schmus","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70031227,"text":"70031227 - 2007 - A biological assessment of streams in the eastern United States using a predictive model for macroinvertebrate assemblages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:18","indexId":"70031227","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A biological assessment of streams in the eastern United States using a predictive model for macroinvertebrate assemblages","docAbstract":"A predictive model (RIVPACS-type) for benthic macroinvertebrates was constructed to assess the biological condition of 1,087 streams sampled throughout the eastern United States from 1993-2003 as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program. A subset of 338 sites was designated as reference quality, 28 of which were withheld from model calibration and used to independently evaluate model precision and accuracy. The ratio of observed (O) to expected (E) taxa richness was used as a continuous measure of biological condition, and sites with O/E values <0.8 were classified as biologically degraded. Spatiotemporal variability of O/E values was evaluated with repeated annual and within-site samples at reference sites. Values of O/E were regressed on a measure of urbanization in three regions and compared among streams in different land-use settings. The model accurately predicted the expected taxa at validation sites with high precision (SD = 0.11). Within-site spatial variability in O/E values was much larger than annual and among-site variation at reference sites and was likely caused by environmental differences among sampled reaches. Values of O/E were significantly correlated with basin road density in the Boston, Massachusetts (p < 0.001), Birmingham, Alabama (p = 0.002), and Green Bay, Wisconsin (p = 0.034) metropolitan areas, but the strength of the relations varied among regions. Urban streams were more depleted of taxa than streams in other land-use settings, but larger networks of riparian forest appeared to mediate biological degradation. Taxa that occurred less frequently than predicted by the model were those known to be generally intolerant of a variety of anthropogenic stressors. ?? 2007 American Water Resources Association.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00097.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Carlisle, D., and Meador, M.R., 2007, A biological assessment of streams in the eastern United States using a predictive model for macroinvertebrate assemblages: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 43, no. 5, p. 1194-1207, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00097.x.","startPage":"1194","endPage":"1207","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211312,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00097.x"},{"id":238581,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-09-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e327e4b0c8380cd45e4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carlisle, D.M.","contributorId":81059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlisle","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meador, M. R.","contributorId":74400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meador","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031290,"text":"70031290 - 2007 - Seismic amplification within the Seattle Basin, Washington State: Insights from SHIPS seismic tomography experiments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:06","indexId":"70031290","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic amplification within the Seattle Basin, Washington State: Insights from SHIPS seismic tomography experiments","docAbstract":"Recent observations indicate that the Seattle sedimentary basin, underlying Seattle and other urban centers in the Puget Lowland, Washington, amplifies long-period (1-5 sec) weak ground motions by factors of 10 or more. We computed east-trending P- and S-wave velocity models across the Seattle basin from Seismic Hazard Investigations of Puget Sound (SHIPS) experiments to better characterize the seismic hazard the basin poses. The 3D tomographic models, which resolve features to a depth of 10 km, for the first time define the P- and S-wave velocity structure of the eastern end of the basin. The basin, which contains sedimentary rocks of Eocene to Holocene, is broadly symmetric in east-west section and reaches a maximum thickness of 6 km along our profile beneath north Seattle. A comparison of our velocity model with coincident amplification curves for weak ground motions produced by the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake suggests that the distribution of Quaternary deposits and reduced velocity gradients in the upper part of the basement east of Seattle have significance in forecasting variations in seismic-wave amplification across the basin. Specifically, eastward increases in the amplification of 0.2- to 5-Hz energy correlate with locally thicker unconsolidated deposits and a change from Crescent Formation basement to pre-Tertiary Cascadia basement. These models define the extent of the Seattle basin, the Seattle fault, and the geometry of the basement contact, giving insight into the tectonic evolution of the Seattle basin and its influence on ground shaking.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120050204","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Snelson, C., Brocher, T., Miller, K., Pratt, T.L., and Trehu, A., 2007, Seismic amplification within the Seattle Basin, Washington State: Insights from SHIPS seismic tomography experiments: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 97, no. 5, p. 1432-1448, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120050204.","startPage":"1432","endPage":"1448","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212644,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120050204"},{"id":240161,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8aebe4b08c986b31746f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snelson, C.M.","contributorId":52769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snelson","given":"C.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brocher, T.M. 0000-0002-9740-839X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-839X","contributorId":69994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocher","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, K.C.","contributorId":81118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"K.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pratt, T. L.","contributorId":53072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Trehu, A.M.","contributorId":90754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trehu","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70031305,"text":"70031305 - 2007 - Barrier island vulnerability to breaching: a case study on Dauphin Island, Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-27T10:22:14","indexId":"70031305","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Barrier island vulnerability to breaching: a case study on Dauphin Island, Alabama","docAbstract":"Breaching of barrier islands can adversely impact society by severing infrastructure, destroying private properties, and altering water quality in back bays and estuaries. This study provides a scheme that assesses the relative vulnerability of a barrier island to breach during storms. Dauphin Island, Alabama was selected for this study because it has a well documented history of island breaches and extensive geological and geomorphic data. To assess the vulnerability of the island, we defined several variables contributing to the risk of breaching: island geology, breaching history, and island topography and geomorphology. These variables were combined to form a breaching index (BI) value for cross island computational bins, each bin every 50 m in the alongshore direction. Results suggest the eastern section of Dauphin Island has the lowest risk of breaching with the remaining portion of the island having a moderate to high risk of breaching. Two reaches in the western section of the island were found to be particularly vulnerable due primarily to their minimal cross-sectional dimensions.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coastal Sediments '07 - Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"6th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, LA","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/40926(239)157","isbn":"0784409269; 9780784409268","usgsCitation":"Hansen, M., and Sallenger, A., 2007, Barrier island vulnerability to breaching: a case study on Dauphin Island, Alabama, in Coastal Sediments '07 - Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes, New Orleans, LA, p. 2002-2010, https://doi.org/10.1061/40926(239)157.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2002","endPage":"2010","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239848,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212373,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40926(239)157"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","otherGeospatial":"Dauphin Island","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.327384,30.199377 ], [ -88.327384,30.312412 ], [ -88.051287,30.312412 ], [ -88.051287,30.199377 ], [ -88.327384,30.199377 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059efbee4b0c8380cd4a41b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansen, Mark","contributorId":81893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sallenger, Asbury H. Jr.","contributorId":27458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sallenger","given":"Asbury H.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031328,"text":"70031328 - 2007 - Effects of highway construction on sediment and benthic macroinvertebrates in two tributaries of the Lost River, West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-02T18:59:10.313091","indexId":"70031328","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2299,"text":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of highway construction on sediment and benthic macroinvertebrates in two tributaries of the Lost River, West Virginia","docAbstract":"During a three-year study of two tributaries being crossed by a four-lane highway under construction in the eastern panhandle of West Virginia, we found little difference in the amount of fine sediment collected at upstream and downstream sites. The downstream site on one tributary collected significantly greater amounts of sediment in 2003, prior to installation of sediment fencing. Despite several episodic flow events that caused changes in the streambed, benthic macroinvertebrate metrics did not differ significantly annually or seasonally between sites or between streams. On-site controls effectively checked new sedimentation, and benthic macroinvertebrates were not significantly impacted.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis Online","doi":"10.1080/02705060.2007.9664817","usgsCitation":"Hedrick, L.B., Welsh, S., and Anderson, J.T., 2007, Effects of highway construction on sediment and benthic macroinvertebrates in two tributaries of the Lost River, West Virginia: Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 22, no. 4, p. 561-569, https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2007.9664817.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"561","endPage":"569","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239617,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Lost River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.35400390625,\n 38.75408327579141\n ],\n [\n -78.85986328125,\n 38.75408327579141\n ],\n [\n -78.3544921875,\n 39.095962936305476\n ],\n [\n -78.11279296875,\n 39.16414104768742\n ],\n [\n -77.6953125,\n 39.07890809706475\n ],\n [\n -77.80517578125,\n 39.65645604812829\n ],\n [\n -80.17822265625,\n 39.58875727696545\n ],\n [\n -80.35400390625,\n 38.75408327579141\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0713e4b0c8380cd5154c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hedrick, Lara B.","contributorId":50346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedrick","given":"Lara","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Welsh, S.A. 0000-0003-0362-054X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0362-054X","contributorId":10191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welsh","given":"S.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, James T.","contributorId":28071,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":12432,"text":"West Virginia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":431070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031358,"text":"70031358 - 2007 - A cold phase of the East Pacific triggers new phytoplankton blooms in San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T08:35:32","indexId":"70031358","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A cold phase of the East Pacific triggers new phytoplankton blooms in San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"Ecological observations sustained over decades often reveal abrupt changes in biological communities that signal altered ecosystem states. We report a large shift in the biological communities of San Francisco Bay, first detected as increasing phytoplankton biomass and occurrences of new seasonal blooms that began in 1999. This phytoplankton increase is paradoxical because it occurred in an era of decreasing wastewater nutrient inputs and reduced nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations, contrary to the guiding paradigm that algal biomass in estuaries increases in proportion to nutrient inputs from their watersheds. Coincidental changes included sharp declines in the abundance of bivalve mollusks, the key phytoplankton consumers in this estuary, and record high abundances of several bivalve predators: Bay shrimp, English sole, and Dungeness crab. The phytoplankton increase is consistent with a trophic cascade resulting from heightened predation on bivalves and suppression of their filtration control on phytoplankton growth. These community changes in San Francisco Bay across three trophic levels followed a state change in the California Current System characterized by increased upwelling intensity, amplified primary production, and strengthened southerly flows. These diagnostic features of the East Pacific \"cold phase\" lead to strong recruitment and immigration of juvenile flatfish and crustaceans into estuaries where they feed and develop. This study, built from three decades of observation, reveals a previously unrecognized mechanism of ocean-estuary connectivity. Interdecadal oceanic regime changes can propagate into estuaries, altering their community structure and efficiency of transforming land-derived nutrients into algal biomass.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1073/pnas.0706151104","issn":"00278424","usgsCitation":"Cloern, J.E., Jassby, A.D., Thompson, J.K., and Hieb, K., 2007, A cold phase of the East Pacific triggers new phytoplankton blooms in San Francisco Bay: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 104, no. 47, p. 18561-18565, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0706151104.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"18561","endPage":"18565","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477147,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0706151104","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239618,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212170,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0706151104"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.64862060546875,\n 37.391981943533544\n ],\n [\n -121.74362182617188,\n 37.391981943533544\n ],\n [\n -121.74362182617188,\n 38.238180119798635\n ],\n [\n -122.64862060546875,\n 38.238180119798635\n ],\n [\n -122.64862060546875,\n 37.391981943533544\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"104","issue":"47","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-11-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5799db2ee4b0589fa1c7e66b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cloern, James E. 0000-0002-5880-6862 jecloern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5880-6862","contributorId":1488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"James","email":"jecloern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jassby, Alan D.","contributorId":66403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jassby","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, Janet K. 0000-0002-1528-8452 jthompso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1528-8452","contributorId":1009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Janet","email":"jthompso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hieb, Kathryn","contributorId":174609,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hieb","given":"Kathryn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6952,"text":"California Department of Fish and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":431183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70031382,"text":"70031382 - 2007 - Landward and eastward shift of Alaskan polar bear denning associated with recent sea ice changes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-13T12:23:39","indexId":"70031382","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3093,"text":"Polar Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landward and eastward shift of Alaskan polar bear denning associated with recent sea ice changes","docAbstract":"Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in the northern Alaska region den in coastal areas and on offshore drifting ice. We evaluated changes in the distribution of polar bear maternal dens between 1985 and 2005, using satellite telemetry. We determined the distribution of maternal dens occupied by 89 satellite collared female polar bears between 137°W and 167°W longitude. The proportion of dens on pack ice declined from 62% in 1985–1994 to 37% in 1998–2004 (P = 0.044) and among pack ice dens fewer occurred in the western Beaufort Sea after 1998. We evaluated whether hunting, attraction to bowhead whale remains, or changes in sea ice could explain changes in den distribution. We concluded that denning distribution changed in response to reductions in stable old ice, increases in unconsolidated ice, and lengthening of the melt season. In consort, these changes have likely reduced the availability and quality of pack ice denning habitat. Further declines in sea ice availability are predicted. Therefore, we expect the proportion of polar bears denning in coastal areas will continue to increase, until such time as the autumn ice retreats far enough from shore that it precludes offshore pregnant females from reaching the Alaska coast in advance of denning.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00300-007-0300-4","issn":"07224060","usgsCitation":"Fischbach, A., Amstrup, S.C., and Douglas, D., 2007, Landward and eastward shift of Alaskan polar bear denning associated with recent sea ice changes: Polar Biology, v. 30, no. 11, p. 1395-1405, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-007-0300-4.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1395","endPage":"1405","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239988,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"30","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a446de4b0c8380cd66acf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fischbach, Anthony S. 0000-0002-6555-865X afischbach@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6555-865X","contributorId":200780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischbach","given":"Anthony S.","email":"afischbach@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":431280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":150115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David C.","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031406,"text":"70031406 - 2007 - Influence of groundwater pumping on streamflow restoration following upstream dam removal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-21T11:15:19.852527","indexId":"70031406","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of groundwater pumping on streamflow restoration following upstream dam removal","docAbstract":"We compared streamflow in basins under the combined impacts of an upland dam and groundwater pumping withdrawals, by examining streamflow in the presence and absence of each impact. As a qualitative analysis, inter-watershed streamflow comparisons were performed for several rivers flowing into the east side of the Central Valley, CA. Results suggest that, in the absence of upland dams supporting large reservoirs, some reaches of these rivers might develop ephemeral streamflow in late summer. As a quantitative analysis, we conducted a series of streamflow/groundwater simulations (using MODFLOW-2000 plus the streamflow routing package, SFR1) for a representative hypothetical watershed, with an upland dam and groundwater pumping in the downstream basin, under humid, semi-arid, and arid conditions. As a result of including the impact of groundwater pumping, post-dam removal simulated streamflow was significantly less than natural streamflow. The model predicts extensive ephemeral conditions in the basin during September for both the arid and semi-arid cases. The model predicts continued perennial conditions in the humid case, but spatially weighted, average streamflow of only 71% of natural September streamflow, as a result of continued pumping after dam removal.
We used stable hydrogen isotopes (δD) to identify the breeding locations of Wilson’s Warbler (Wilsonia pusilla) migrating through five sites spanning a cross-section of the species’ southwestern migration route during the springs of 2003 and 2004. Determining the temporal and spatial patterns of migration and degree of population segregation during migration is critical to understanding long-term population trends of migrant birds. At all five migration sites, we found a significant negative relationship between the date Wilson’s Warblers passed through the sampling station and δD values of their feathers. These data were consistent with a pattern of “leap-frog” migration, in which individuals that bred the previous season at southern latitudes migrated through migration stations earlier than individuals that had previously bred at more northern latitudes. We documented that this pattern was consistent across sites and in multiple years. This finding corroborates previous research conducted on Wilson’s Warbler during the fall migration. In addition, mean δD values became more negative across sampling stations from west to east, with the mean δD values at each station corresponding to different geographic regions of the Wilson’s Warblers’ western breeding range. These data indicate that Wilson’s Warblers passing through each station represented a specific regional subset of the entire Wilson’s Warbler western breeding range. As a result, habitat alterations at specific areas across the east-west expanse of the bird’s migratory route in the southwestern United States could differentially affect Wilson’s Warblers at different breeding areas. This migration information is critical for management of Neotropical migrants, especially in light of the rapid changes presently occurring over the southwestern landscape.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[162:SATMPO]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00048038","usgsCitation":"Paxton, K., van Riper, C., Theimer, T., and Paxton, E.H., 2007, Spatial and temporal migration patterns of Wilson's Warbler (Wilsonia pusilla) in the southwest as revealed by stable isotopes: The Auk, v. 124, no. 1, p. 162-175, https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[162:SATMPO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"162","endPage":"175","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477143,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[162:satmpo]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239775,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"124","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b943ce4b08c986b31a95a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paxton, K.L.","contributorId":78547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paxton","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"van Riper, Charles III 0000-0003-1084-5843 charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1084-5843","contributorId":169488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Riper","given":"Charles","suffix":"III","email":"charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":432946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Theimer, T.C.","contributorId":31580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Theimer","given":"T.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paxton, E. H.","contributorId":16798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paxton","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}