Sulfate reduction during seawater reaction with fayalite and with magnetite was rapid at 350°C, producing equilibrium assemblages of talc-pyrite-hematite-magnetite at low water/rock ratios and talc-pyrite-hematite-anhydrite at higher water/rock ratios. At 250°C, seawater reacting with fayalite produced detectable amounts of dissolved H2S, but extent of reaction of solid phases was minor after 150 days. At 200°C, dissolved H2S was not detected, even after 219 days, but mass balance calculations suggest a small amount of pyrite may have formed. Reaction stoichiometry indicates that sulfate reduction requires large amounts of H+, which, in subseafloor hydrothermal systems is provided by Mg metasomatism. Seawater contains sufficient Mg to supply all the H+ necessary for quantitative reduction of seawater sulfate.
\nSystematics of sulfur isotopes in the 250 and 350°C experiments indicate that isotopic equilibrium is reached, and can be modeled as a Rayleigh distillation process. Isotopic composition of hydrothermally produced H2S in natural systems is strongly dependent upon the seawater/basalt ratio in the geothermal system, which controls the relative sulfide contributions from the two important sulfur sources, seawater sulfate and sulfide phases in basalt. Anhydrite precipitation during geothermal heating severely limits sulfate ingress into high temperature interaction zones. Quantitative sulfate reduction can thus be accomplished without producing strongly oxidized rocks and resultant sulfide sulfur isotope values represent a mixture of seawater and basaltic sulfur.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(81)90054-5","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Shanks, W.C., Bischoff, J.L., and Rosenbauer, R.J., 1981, Seawater sulfate reduction and sulfur isotope fractionation in basaltic systems: interaction of seawater with fayalite and magnetite at 200–350°C: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 45, no. 11, p. 1977-1995, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(81)90054-5.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1977","endPage":"1995","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220870,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8902e4b08c986b316cb3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shanks, Wayne C. III","contributorId":100527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanks","given":"Wayne","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bischoff, James L. jbischoff@usgs.gov","contributorId":1389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"James","email":"jbischoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":362476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosenbauer, Robert J. brosenbauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbauer","given":"Robert","email":"brosenbauer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":362477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70011999,"text":"70011999 - 1981 - Gas hydrates (clathrates) causing pore-water freshening and oxygen isotope fractionation in deep-water sedimentary sections of terrigenous continental margins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-12T23:28:32.266075","indexId":"70011999","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gas hydrates (clathrates) causing pore-water freshening and oxygen isotope fractionation in deep-water sedimentary sections of terrigenous continental margins","docAbstract":"The occurrence of gas hydrates in deep-water sections of the continental margins predicted from anomalous acoustic reflectors on seismic profiles has been confirmed by recent deep-sea drilling results. On the Pacific continental slope off Guatemala gas hydrates were brought up for the first time from two holes (497, 498A) drilled during Leg 67 of the DSDP in water depths of 2360 and 5500 m, respectively. The hydrates occur in organic matter-rich Pleistocene to Miocene terrigenous sediments. In the hydrate-bearing zone a marked decrease in interstitial water chlorinities was observed starting at about 10–20 m subbottom depth. Pore waters at the bottom of the holes (near 400 m subbottom) have as little as half the chlorinity of seawater (i.e. 9‰). Similar, but less pronounced, trends were observed during previous legs of the DSDP in other hydrate-prone segments of the continental margins where recharge of fresh water from the continent can be excluded (e.g. Leg 11). The crystallization of hydrates, like ice, excludes salt ions from the crystal structure. During burial the dissolved salts are separated from the solids. Subsidence results in a downward motion of the solids (including hydrates) relative to the pore fluids. Thawing of hydrates during recovery releases fresh water which is remixed with the pore fluid not involved in hydrate formation. The volume of the latter decreases downhole thus causing downward decreasing salinity (chlorinity). Hydrate formation is responsible for oxygen isotope fractionation with18O-enrichment in the hydrate explaining increasingly more positive δ18O values in the pore fluids recovered (after hydrate dissociation) with depth.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es00092a012","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Davis, J., and Gloor, R., 1981, Adsorption of dissolved organics in lake water by aluminum oxide. Effect of molecular weight: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 15, no. 10, p. 1223-1229, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00092a012.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1223","endPage":"1229","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222236,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Switzerland","otherGeospatial":"Lake Greifensee","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 8.691212933995217,\n 47.34413784526322\n ],\n [\n 8.69095756008025,\n 47.35278911927125\n ],\n [\n 8.686105455704649,\n 47.35849818333759\n ],\n [\n 8.681253351327996,\n 47.36334175331743\n ],\n [\n 8.6771673686942,\n 47.364552576333125\n ],\n [\n 8.6764012469514,\n 47.36628227528749\n ],\n [\n 8.671804516488635,\n 47.36783895585336\n ],\n [\n 8.662611055565293,\n 47.374584040766365\n ],\n [\n 8.653417594640871,\n 47.37302755927732\n ],\n [\n 8.651629977238429,\n 47.371298081519\n ],\n [\n 8.652140725068193,\n 47.36974150304462\n ],\n [\n 8.650353107665694,\n 47.36818487862885\n ],\n [\n 8.651374603324427,\n 47.36645524206372\n ],\n [\n 8.6508638554956,\n 47.36213090251064\n ],\n [\n 8.659035820761261,\n 47.35400018447538\n ],\n [\n 8.662355681650325,\n 47.35296213028735\n ],\n [\n 8.666441664283155,\n 47.347252467261455\n ],\n [\n 8.674358255634957,\n 47.34465696169181\n ],\n [\n 8.6771673686942,\n 47.34136913809493\n ],\n [\n 8.6771673686942,\n 47.33894640020719\n ],\n [\n 8.681253351327996,\n 47.33756192864186\n ],\n [\n 8.682274846985706,\n 47.33513901605076\n ],\n [\n 8.683807090473266,\n 47.33375444465335\n ],\n [\n 8.683807090473266,\n 47.33133135735633\n ],\n [\n 8.686105455704649,\n 47.3299466861271\n ],\n [\n 8.688148447021092,\n 47.326831043127726\n ],\n [\n 8.688148447021092,\n 47.323542109466416\n ],\n [\n 8.689425316593685,\n 47.32181100949981\n ],\n [\n 8.695043542714131,\n 47.32007985280842\n ],\n [\n 8.699895647090727,\n 47.32163789638301\n ],\n [\n 8.699129525346933,\n 47.324061428395254\n ],\n [\n 8.700917142748466,\n 47.32544625391321\n ],\n [\n 8.70474775146738,\n 47.32475384569253\n ],\n [\n 8.707812238441505,\n 47.328215796038904\n ],\n [\n 8.708067612356444,\n 47.33375444465335\n ],\n [\n 8.706279994953888,\n 47.33496594661122\n ],\n [\n 8.698618777517083,\n 47.33790804993703\n ],\n [\n 8.696065038371785,\n 47.33894640020719\n ],\n [\n 8.692234429653922,\n 47.3418882817497\n ],\n [\n 8.691212933995217,\n 47.34413784526322\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e6fde4b0c8380cd47796","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gloor, R.","contributorId":10929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gloor","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012019,"text":"70012019 - 1981 - Seismic evidence for an extensive gas-bearing layer at shallow depth, offshore from Prudhoe Bay, Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":12740,"text":"ofr80809 - 1980 - Seismic evidence for an extensive gas-bearing layer at shallow depth, offshore from Prudhoe Bay, Alaska","indexId":"ofr80809","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"title":"Seismic evidence for an extensive gas-bearing layer at shallow depth, offshore from Prudhoe Bay, Alaska"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70012019,"text":"70012019 - 1981 - Seismic evidence for an extensive gas-bearing layer at shallow depth, offshore from Prudhoe Bay, Alaska","indexId":"70012019","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"title":"Seismic evidence for an extensive gas-bearing layer at shallow depth, offshore from Prudhoe Bay, Alaska"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-07T11:06:49","indexId":"70012019","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1264,"text":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic evidence for an extensive gas-bearing layer at shallow depth, offshore from Prudhoe Bay, Alaska","docAbstract":"High-resolution seismic reflection data, recorded offshore from Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, were processed digitally to determine the reflectivity structure of the uppermost layers of the seafloor. A prominent reflector, found at 27 m below the mud line (water depths 7-9 m), has a negative reflection coefficient greater than 0.5. The large acoustic impedance contrast, coupled with a report of gas encountered at a corresponding depth in a nearby drillhole, shows that the reflector is the upper boundary of a zone containing gas. The gas exists in sandy gravel capped by stiff, silty clay. Analysis of unprocessed conventional high-resolution records from the region indicates that the gas-bearing layer may extend over an area of at least 50 km2 at a depth of 20-35 m below the mud line. Similar-appearing reflectors (Reimnitz, 1972), previously unexplained, occur in patches over wide regions of the shelf where offshore oil development is beginning at a rapid pace. This suggests the exercise of caution with respect to possible hazards from shallow gas pockets.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0165-232X(81)90031-8","issn":"0165232X","usgsCitation":"Boucher, G., Reimnitz, E., and Kempema, E., 1981, Seismic evidence for an extensive gas-bearing layer at shallow depth, offshore from Prudhoe Bay, Alaska: Cold Regions Science and Technology, v. 4, no. 1, p. 63-71, https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-232X(81)90031-8.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"71","costCenters":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267107,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-232X(81)90031-8"},{"id":222333,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Prudhoe Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,51.2 ], [ 172.5,71.4 ], [ -130.0,71.4 ], [ -130.0,51.2 ], [ 172.5,51.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b0ee4b08c986b31755d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boucher, G.","contributorId":19290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boucher","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reimnitz, E.","contributorId":61557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimnitz","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kempema, E.","contributorId":53395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kempema","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012021,"text":"70012021 - 1981 - Dating of Archean basement in northeastern Wyoming and southern Montana.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-24T08:44:50","indexId":"70012021","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dating of Archean basement in northeastern Wyoming and southern Montana.","docAbstract":"Rb-Sr whole-rock and U-Pb zircon ages of granite and gneiss cores from three deep drill holes extend known occurrences of Archean rocks in the subsurface of NE Wyoming and S Montanta. Rb-Sr and K- Ar mineral ages are discordant and reflect early or middle Proterozoic disturbance. Highly altered rocks occur in a thin zone immediately below the sub-Cambrian unconformity. Samples from a few metres deeper in the basement are much fresher but show the effects of this alteration in filled fractures and thin adjacent alteration haloes. Whole-rock Rb-Sr systems have retaioned a fair degree of integrity in spite of increased susceptibility to modification because of the disturbed mineral systems. Interaction of the rocks with water a few metres below the sub-Cambrian unconformity probably occurred for only a relatively short time. Fractures filled rapidly with secondary minerals such as chlorite, anhydrite, and carbonate to maintain a relatively impermeable crystalline basement in which the silicates and their contained isotopic systems were preserved.- Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1981)92<139:DOABIN>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Peterman, Z.E., 1981, Dating of Archean basement in northeastern Wyoming and southern Montana.: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 92, no. 3 pt 1, p. 139-146, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1981)92<139:DOABIN>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"139","endPage":"146","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222335,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268108,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1981)92<139:DOABIN>2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"92","issue":"3 pt 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fde1e4b0c8380cd4e9b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterman, Z. E.","contributorId":63781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterman","given":"Z.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012029,"text":"70012029 - 1981 - Sand waves on an epicontinental shelf: Northern Bering Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-11T16:17:11.436108","indexId":"70012029","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sand waves on an epicontinental shelf: Northern Bering Sea","docAbstract":"Sand waves and current ripples occupy the crests and flanks of a series of large linear sand ridges (20 km × 5 km × 10 m high) lying in an open-marine setting in the northern Bering Sea. The sand wave area, which lies west of Seward Peninsula and southeast of Bering Strait, is exposed to the strong continuous flow of coastal water northward toward Bering Strait. A hierarchy of three sizes of superimposed bedforms, all facing northward, was observed in successive cruises in 1976 and 1977. Large sand waves (height 2 m; spacing 200 m) have smaller sand waves (height 1 m; spacing 20 m) lying at a small oblique angle on their stoss slopes. The smaller sand waves in turn have linguoid ripples on their stoss slopes.
Repeated studies of the sand wave fields were made both years with high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles, side-scan sonographs, underwater photographs, current-meter stations, vibracores, and suspended-sediment samplers. Comparison of seismic and side-scan data collected along profile lines run both years showed changes in sand wave shape that indicate significant bedload transport within the year. Gouge marks made in sediment by keels of floating ice also showed significantly different patterns each year, further documenting modification to the bottom by sediment transport.
During calm sea conditions in 1977, underwater video and camera observations showed formation and active migration of linguoid and straight-crested current ripples. Current speeds 1 m above the bottom were between 20 and 30 cm/s. Maximum current velocities and sand wave migration apparently occur when strong southwesterly winds enhance the steady northerly flow of coastal water. Many cross-stratified sand bodies in the geologic record are interpreted as having formed in a tidal- or storm-dominated setting. This study provides an example of formation and migration of large bedforms by the interaction of storms with strong uniform coastal currents in an open-marine setting.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0070-4571(08)70301-7","usgsCitation":"Field, M.E., Nelson, C.H., Cacchione, D.A., and Drake, D.E., 1981, Sand waves on an epicontinental shelf: Northern Bering Sea: Marine Geology, v. 32, p. 233-258, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0070-4571(08)70301-7.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"233","endPage":"258","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222454,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b869fe4b08c986b316043","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Field, Michael E. mfield@usgs.gov","contributorId":2101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Michael","email":"mfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":362562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, C. Hans","contributorId":34909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Hans","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cacchione, David A.","contributorId":37327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cacchione","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Drake, David E.","contributorId":74752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70012030,"text":"70012030 - 1981 - Interaction between diapirism and sediment loading at the shelf-slope boundary, northwest Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:10","indexId":"70012030","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1742,"text":"Geo-Marine Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interaction between diapirism and sediment loading at the shelf-slope boundary, northwest Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"During the last low stand of sea level, rivers and streams drained across the present northwestern Gulf of Mexico continental shelf depositing sediments in several shallow-water deltas near the present shelf-slope boundary. The weight of these wedges of prograded sediments triggered or augmented both subsidence of local depositional basins and upward movement of diapiric material around the basin edges. A depositional basin off the southwestern Louisiana coast records migration of the basinal axis during late Pleistocene and Holocene time indicating relative growth of diapirs along the basin margin throughout the most recent geological record. ?? 1981 A.M. Dowden, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geo-Marine Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF02463327","issn":"02760460","usgsCitation":"Trippet, A., 1981, Interaction between diapirism and sediment loading at the shelf-slope boundary, northwest Gulf of Mexico: Geo-Marine Letters, v. 1, no. 2, p. 111-114, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02463327.","startPage":"111","endPage":"114","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205252,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02463327"},{"id":222510,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3caae4b0c8380cd62f1d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trippet, A. R.","contributorId":105377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trippet","given":"A. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012032,"text":"70012032 - 1981 - Tertiary carbonate-dissolution cycles on the Sierra Leone Rise, eastern equatorial Atlantic Ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-11T16:31:52.939424","indexId":"70012032","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tertiary carbonate-dissolution cycles on the Sierra Leone Rise, eastern equatorial Atlantic Ocean","docAbstract":"Most of the Tertiary section on Sierra Leone Rise off northwest Africa consists of chalk, marl, and limestone that show cyclic alterations of clay-rich and clay-poor beds about 20–60 cm thick. On the basis of biostratigraphic accumulation rates, the cycles in Oligocene and Miocene chalk have periods which average about 44,000 years, and those in Eocene siliceous limestone have periods of 4000–27,000 years. Several sections were sampled in detail to further define the cycles in terms of content of CaCO3, clay minerals, and relative abundances of calcareous nannofossils. Extending information gained by analyses of Pleistocene cores from the continental margin of northwest Africa to the Tertiary cycles on Sierra Leone Rise, both dilution by noncarbonate material and dissolution of CaCO3 could have contributed to the observed relative variations in clay and CaCO3. However, dissolution of CaCO3 as the main cause of the carbonate-clay cycles on the Sierra Leone Rise, rather than dilution by clay, is suggested by the large amount of change (several thousand percent) in terrigenous influx required to produce the observed variations in amount of clay and by the marked increase in abundance of dissolution-resistant discoasters relative to more easily dissolved coccoliths in low-carbonate parts of cycles. The main cause of dissolution of CaCO3 was shoaling of the carbonate compensation depth (CCD) during the early Neogene and climatically induced fluctuations in the thickness of Antarctic Bottom Water.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(81)90029-3","usgsCitation":"Dean, W.E., Gardner, J., and Cepek, P., 1981, Tertiary carbonate-dissolution cycles on the Sierra Leone Rise, eastern equatorial Atlantic Ocean: Marine Geology, v. 39, no. 1-2, p. 81-101, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(81)90029-3.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"101","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222512,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba56ee4b08c986b320a4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dean, Walter E. dean@usgs.gov","contributorId":1801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"Walter","email":"dean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":362571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gardner, James V.","contributorId":61769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"James V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cepek, P.","contributorId":39523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cepek","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012034,"text":"70012034 - 1981 - A numerical inversion of the Laplace transform solution to radial dispersion in a porous medium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-05T12:34:07","indexId":"70012034","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A numerical inversion of the Laplace transform solution to radial dispersion in a porous medium","docAbstract":"A special form of the numerical inversion of the Laplace transform described by Stehfest (1970) is applied to the transformed solution of dispersion in a radial flow system in a porous medium. The inversion is extremely simple to use because the weighting coefficients depend only on the number of terms used in the computation and not upon the transform solution as required by most numerical inversion techniques. The result obtained by use of this approximate inversion of the radial dispersion problem reproduced the curves obtained previously by Hoopes and Harleman (1967) with a finite difference scheme.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR017i001p00250","usgsCitation":"Moench, A., and Ogata, A., 1981, A numerical inversion of the Laplace transform solution to radial dispersion in a porous medium: Water Resources Research, v. 17, no. 1, p. 250-252, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR017i001p00250.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"250","endPage":"252","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222514,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4c8e4b0c8380cd46918","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moench, A.F.","contributorId":91495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moench","given":"A.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ogata, A.","contributorId":94040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ogata","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012040,"text":"70012040 - 1981 - Heavy metals and manganese oxides in the genesee watershed, New York state: Effects of geology and land use","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-10T13:35:27.878189","indexId":"70012040","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Heavy metals and manganese oxides in the genesee watershed, New York state: Effects of geology and land use","docAbstract":"Manganese oxide coatings on gravels from 255 sites on tributary streams in the Genesee River Watershed were analyzed for Mn, Fe, Zn, Cd, Co, Ni, Pb, and Cu. The results were compared with data on bedrock geology, surficial geology and land use, using factor analysis and stepwise multiple regression. All metals except Pb show strong positive correlation with Mn. This association results from the well-known tendency of Mn oxide precipitates to adsorb and incorporate dissolved trace metals. Pb may be present in a separate phase on the gravel surfaces; alternatively Pb abundance may be so strongly influenced by environmental factors that the effect of varying abundance of the carrier phase becomes relatively unimportant. When the effects of varying Mn abundance are allowed for, Pb and to a lesser extent Zn and Cu abundances are seen to be related to commercial, industrial and residential land use. In addition to this pollution effect, all the trace metals, Cd and Ni most strongly, tend to be more abundant in oxide coatings from streams in the forested uplands in the southern part of the area. This probably reflects increased geochemical mobility of the metals in the more acid soils and groundwater of the southern region.
A strong Zn anomaly is present in streams draining areas underlain by the Lockport Formation. Oxide coatings in these streams contain up to 5% Zn, originating from disseminated sphalerite in the Lockport and secondary Zn concentrations in the overlying muck soils.
The same group of metals, plus calcium and loss on ignition, were determined in the silt and clay (minus 230 mesh) fraction of stream sediments from 129 of the same sites, using a hot nitric acid leach. The amounts of manganese in the sediments are low (average 1020 ppm) and manganese oxides are, at most, of relatively minor significance in the trace-metal geochemistry of these sediments. The bulk of the trace metals in sediment appears to be associated with iron oxides, clays and organic matter.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6742(81)90106-0","usgsCitation":"Whitney, P., 1981, Heavy metals and manganese oxides in the genesee watershed, New York state: Effects of geology and land use: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 14, p. 95-117, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(81)90106-0.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"95","endPage":"117","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222630,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New 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York\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3011e4b0c8380cd5d354","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitney, P.R.","contributorId":46671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitney","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012093,"text":"70012093 - 1981 - Search for high-calcium limestone in Silurian reefs of northern Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-04T01:46:11.813694","indexId":"70012093","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Search for high-calcium limestone in Silurian reefs of northern Indiana","docAbstract":"During Silurian time, the Indiana part of the Wabash Platform was a shallow-water area between the proto-lllinois and pro-to-Michigan Basins and a site of growth of hundreds, or perhaps thousands, of reefs. Today, most reefs of northern Indiana are dolomite, but some are dolomitic limestone, and a few are limestone of high purity in deposits that can be mined by open-pit methods.
Four of the five generations of reefs of Silurian age in the Great Lakes area have been recognized in northern Indiana. All known oldest-generation reefs in Indiana (second-generation in the Great Lakes area) are dolomitic. A reef in Carroll County containing commercial amounts of high-calcium limestone is the next oldest (third generation), with roots in basal Louisville limestone, and a limestone reef of similar size in Grant County is of a younger (fourth) generation, with its roots in upper Louisville limestone and dolomite. Numerous slightly younger reefs with mostly mixed dolomitic-calcitic compositions are also of this generation, but all known examples are too small to be commercially important. One small limestone reef has been found in the youngest (fifth) generation, with roots in limestone of the Kokomo Limestone Member of the Salina Formation.
All known limestone reefs are restricted to an area of six counties in north-central Indiana, although no apparent depositional environment as revealed from study of surrounding inter-reef rocks has been found to account for any restriction. Dolomitization is more likely related to the textures and lithologies of the individual reefs.
Methane concentrations in some sediment cores from the Kodiak Shelf and adjacent continental slope increase with depth by three or four orders of magnitude and exceed the solubility in water at ambient conditions. Acoustic anomalies in seismic-reflection records imply that methane-rich sediment is widespread. Molecular composition of hydrocarbon gases and isotopic composition of methane indicate gas formation by shallow biogenic processes. Stratigraphic positions of acoustic anomalies in Quaternary glacial and posttransgressive sediments suggest that these units are likely sources of gas. A seep along the extension of a fault may be gas venting from a deeper thermogenic source.
","language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF02463332","issn":"02760460","usgsCitation":"Hampton, M.A., and Kvenvolden, K., 1981, Geology and geochemistry of gas-charged sediment on Kodiak Shelf, Alaska: Geo-Marine Letters, v. 1, no. 2, p. 141-147, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02463332.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"141","endPage":"147","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222691,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kodiak Shelf","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -152.5341796875,\n 58.876263846088314\n ],\n [\n -156.4892578125,\n 56.65622649350222\n ],\n [\n -157.8076171875,\n 56.00452420115398\n ],\n [\n -156.13769531249997,\n 54.36135760559306\n ],\n [\n -154.940185546875,\n 53.89786522246521\n ],\n [\n -148.853759765625,\n 57.16603560463154\n ],\n [\n -148.0517578125,\n 57.81550367239279\n ],\n [\n -152.5341796875,\n 58.876263846088314\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"1","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a22dae4b0c8380cd573c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hampton, M. A.","contributorId":103271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hampton","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kvenvolden, K.A.","contributorId":80674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvenvolden","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012047,"text":"70012047 - 1981 - Geochemical evidence for modern sediment accumulation on the continental shelf off southern New England","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-05T10:29:23","indexId":"70012047","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2450,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical evidence for modern sediment accumulation on the continental shelf off southern New England","docAbstract":"An area of fine-grained sediment approximately 170 km x 74 km in size, located in water depths between 60 m and 150 m, south of Martha's Vineyard, Mass., is a site of modern sediment deposition. The 14C ages systematically increase with sediment depth from about 1,300 years B.P. at the surface to 8,000-10,000 years B.P. at the depth of maximum core penetration. The old age for the surface sediments probably results from a combination of deposition of old carbon and faunal mixing. In the finest sediments, the sedimentation rates were approximately 130 cm/1,000 yrs when deposition began and have decreased to about 25 cm/1,000 yrs. The decreasing sedimentation rate reflects a diminishing source of fine sediments, which presumably came from the Georges Bank and Nantucket Shoals area. Inventories of excess 210Pb in undisturbed cores average 70 dpm/cm2 (disintegrations per minute per square centimeter), more than two times higher than the flux of 210Pb from the atmosphere and from 226Ra decay in the overlying water. This additional influx of 210Pb either must be with new fine-grained sediment material or from solutions that are stripped of their 210Pb by particulates in the bottom nepheloid layer. Stable Pb concentrations in surface sediments are about 28 ppm, as much as two times higher than concentrations at depth. The high accumulation rates, 210Pb inventories, and trace-metal profiles imply that this area is a modern sink for fine-grained sediments and for pollutants associated with particulate matter in the water column. To our knowledge, this is the only site of present-day natural deposition on the Continental Shelf off the eastern United States, exclusive of the Gulf of Maine. Because the net currents on the outer half of this Continental Shelf flow from northeast to southwest, this fine-grained deposit may receive its sediments and possible contaminants from the Nantucket Shoals and Georges Bank regions.
","language":"English","publisher":"SEPM","doi":"10.1306/212F7C70-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D","issn":"00224472","usgsCitation":"Bothner, M., Spiker, E., Johnson, P.P., Rendigs, R., and Aruscavage, P.J., 1981, Geochemical evidence for modern sediment accumulation on the continental shelf off southern New England: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 51, no. 1, p. 281-292, https://doi.org/10.1306/212F7C70-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"281","endPage":"292","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222693,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"New England","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.78466796874999,\n 39.308800296002914\n ],\n [\n -71.78466796874999,\n 41.03793062246529\n ],\n [\n -68.258056640625,\n 41.03793062246529\n ],\n [\n -68.258056640625,\n 39.308800296002914\n ],\n [\n -71.78466796874999,\n 39.308800296002914\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"51","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1630e4b0c8380cd550a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bothner, Michael H. mbothner@usgs.gov","contributorId":139855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bothner","given":"Michael H.","email":"mbothner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":362607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spiker, E.C.","contributorId":103275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spiker","given":"E.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, P. P.","contributorId":64807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rendigs, R.R.","contributorId":50506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rendigs","given":"R.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Aruscavage, P. J.","contributorId":41411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aruscavage","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70012048,"text":"70012048 - 1981 - Flow through fractures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-05T12:34:17","indexId":"70012048","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flow through fractures","docAbstract":"Flow through fractures is often idealized as flow between two parallel plates (plane Poiseuille flow). The opening or aperture between parallel plates is unambiguous and its relation to flowrate is well known. However, fractures in rock have uneven walls and a variable aperture. A model for flow in a fracture is proposed wherein the fracture is represented by a set of parallel plate openings with different apertures. The model leads to a modified Poiseuille equation for flow which includes an aperture frequency distribution for the fracture. Any arbitrary aperture distribution can be used; in order to simplify computation and demonstrate the properties of the model a log normal form of distribution is assumed. Even when an analytical form of the distribution is assumed, two parameters, rather than a single value representing ‘aperture size’ are required to determine flowrate. Models of aperture change for a fracture undergoing compression (fracture walls deforming) and extension (fracture walls separating) are developed which constrain the additional parameter and allow calculation of flowrate as a function of mean aperture. The theoretical relationships developed between mean aperture and flowrate can be used to interpret published laboratory data for single fractures.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR017i001p00191","usgsCitation":"Neuzil, C., and Tracy, J.V., 1981, Flow through fractures: Water Resources Research, v. 17, no. 1, p. 191-199, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR017i001p00191.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"191","endPage":"199","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222694,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1255e4b0c8380cd5427d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neuzil, C. E. 0000-0003-2022-4055","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2022-4055","contributorId":81078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neuzil","given":"C. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tracy, James V.","contributorId":52585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tracy","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012092,"text":"70012092 - 1981 - Downhole measurements and fluid chemistry of a castle rock steam well, the Geysers, Lake County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-19T18:26:09.776274","indexId":"70012092","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1828,"text":"Geothermics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Downhole measurements and fluid chemistry of a castle rock steam well, the Geysers, Lake County, California","docAbstract":"Wellbore and reservoir processes in a steam well in the Castle Rock field of The Geysers have been studied by means of down-hole pressure and temperature measurements and analyses of ejected water and steam produced under bleed and full flow. Down-hole measurements show that below a vapor zone there is liquid water in the well in pressure equilibrium with reservoir steam at a depth of 2290 m. The progressive decreases, from 1973 to 1977, of pressure and temperature in the vapor zone indicate that wellbore heat loss is high enough to condense a large fraction of the steam inflow. The chemical composition of water ejected from the well is consistent with an origin from wellbore condensation of steam. Calculations using the differences in gas and isotopic compositions between bleed and full-flow steam show that about half of the full-flow steam originated as liquid water in the reservoir and that about 30% of the steam entering the well under bleed was condensed in the wellbore and drained downward. Heat loss calculations are also consistent with this amount of condensation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6505(81)90016-X","issn":"03756505","usgsCitation":"Truesdell, A., Nathenson, M., and Frye, G., 1981, Downhole measurements and fluid chemistry of a castle rock steam well, the Geysers, Lake County, California: Geothermics, v. 10, no. 2, p. 103-114, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6505(81)90016-X.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"103","endPage":"114","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480571,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc875700/","text":"External Repository"},{"id":222761,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a03b1e4b0c8380cd505f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Truesdell, A.H.","contributorId":52566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Truesdell","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6672,"text":"former: USGS Southwest Biological Science Center, Colorado Plateau Research Station, Flagstaff, AZ. Current address: TN-SCORE, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, e-mail: jennen@gmail.com","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":362711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nathenson, M.","contributorId":46632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nathenson","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Frye, G.A.","contributorId":34268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frye","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012056,"text":"70012056 - 1981 - Did ice streams carve martian outflow channels?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-23T10:17:55","indexId":"70012056","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Did ice streams carve martian outflow channels?","docAbstract":"Outflow channels on Mars1 are long sinuous linear depressions that occur mostly in the equatorial area (±30° lat.). They differ from small valley networks2 by being larger and arising full born from chaotic terrains. Outflow channels resemble terrestrial stream beds, and their origin has generally been attributed to water3–5 in catastrophic floods6,7 or mudflows8. The catastrophic-flood hypothesis is derived primarily from the morphological similarities of martian outflow channels and features created by the catastrophic Spokane flood that formed the Washington scablands. These similarities have been documented extensively3,6,7, but differences of scale remain a major problem: martian channel features are on the average much larger than their proposed terrestrial analogues. We examine here the problem of channel origin from the perspective of erosional characteristics and the resultant landf orms created by former and present-day ice streams and glaciers on Earth. From morphologic comparisons, an ice-stream origin seems equally well suited to explain the occurrences and form of the outflow channels on Mars, and in contrast with the hydraulic hypothesis, ice streams and ice sheets produce terrestrial features of the same scale as those observed on Mars.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/290759a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Lucchitta, B.K., Anderson, D., and Shoji, H., 1981, Did ice streams carve martian outflow channels?: Nature, v. 290, no. 5809, p. 759-763, https://doi.org/10.1038/290759a0.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"759","endPage":"763","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":221864,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205155,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/290759a0"}],"volume":"290","issue":"5809","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00b7e4b0c8380cd4f893","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lucchitta, Baerbel K. blucchitta@usgs.gov","contributorId":3649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucchitta","given":"Baerbel","email":"blucchitta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":362630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, D.M.","contributorId":32294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shoji, H.","contributorId":90874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shoji","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012058,"text":"70012058 - 1981 - Small landslide types and controls in glacial deposits: Lower Skagit river drainage, northern cascade range, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:04","indexId":"70012058","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Small landslide types and controls in glacial deposits: Lower Skagit river drainage, northern cascade range, Washington","docAbstract":"Observations of 167 small, shallow landslides spanning a 22-year period on extensively logged slopes of Quaternary terraces in the lower Skagit and Baker Valleys, Washington, shows that there is a relationship between the common slope failures in this area and the slope angle, stratigraphy, and logging practices. Landslide frequency increases upvalley, as do mean annual precipitation and the frequency of perched water tables. Debris slides are most common, occur on steep slopes (>50%) composed of sand and gravel, and are most abundant in areas previously logged by the clear-cut method. Debris flows occur on shallower slopes (>30%) where the stratigraphy leads to perched water tables. Debris flows larger than 600 m2 in area appear to be unrelated to logging practices. Slump flows, described here for the first time, occur on similar slope angles and stratigraphic situations as debris flows. They differ mainly by the presence of semiconsolidated material, usually till, at the slide head. Where till is breached-commonly along road cuts-water infiltration is increased, saturating underlying fine-grained deposits, which then fail by debris flowage. Secondary slumping of till happens when the slope steepens during debris flow failure. Small landslides surrounding Lake Shannon may contribute up to 80% of the total particulate matter yield to the fluvial system at present, increasing lake sedimentation by a rate of 5 mm/yr. ?? 1981 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF02473506","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"Heller, P., 1981, Small landslide types and controls in glacial deposits: Lower Skagit river drainage, northern cascade range, Washington: Environmental Geology, v. 3, no. 4, p. 221-228, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02473506.","startPage":"221","endPage":"228","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205165,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02473506"},{"id":221925,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9183e4b08c986b31994f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heller, P.L.","contributorId":104131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heller","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":42013,"text":"ofr81327 - 1981 - Altitude of water table, Biscayne aquifer, Dade County, Florida, October 1978","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-21T20:11:14.04505","indexId":"ofr81327","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-327","title":"Altitude of water table, Biscayne aquifer, Dade County, Florida, October 1978","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81327","usgsCitation":"Swayze, L.J., 1981, Altitude of water table, Biscayne aquifer, Dade County, Florida, October 1978: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-327, 1 Plate: 35.48 x 44.44 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81327.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 35.48 x 44.44 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":169576,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":414495,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_75476.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":79768,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0327/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Dade County","otherGeospatial":"Biscayne aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.875,\n 25.9833\n ],\n [\n -80.875,\n 25.25\n ],\n [\n -80.125,\n 25.25\n ],\n [\n -80.125,\n 25.9833\n ],\n [\n -80.875,\n 25.9833\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686a1d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swayze, L. J.","contributorId":25572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swayze","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":225838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":41523,"text":"ofr82101 - 1981 - Potentiometric surface of the Floridan aquifer, southwest Florida Water Management District, September 1981","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-30T18:45:39.662146","indexId":"ofr82101","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"82-101","title":"Potentiometric surface of the Floridan aquifer, southwest Florida Water Management District, September 1981","docAbstract":"A September 1981 potentiometric-surface map of the Southwest Florida Water Management District depicts the annual high water-level period. Water levels in most wells measured in September 1981 are equal to or higher than in May 1981. Levels averaged about 26 feet higher in the southern part of the area and 5 feet in the north. In the agricultural sections of southern Hillsborough, Hardee, southwestern Polk, northwestern De Soto, and Manatee Counties, water levels increased 10 to 46 feet. From September 1980 to September 1981, water levels ranged from a decrease of 11 feet in Citrus County to an increase of 9 feet in southern Hillsborough County. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr82101","usgsCitation":"Yobbi, D.K., and Schiner, G., 1981, Potentiometric surface of the Floridan aquifer, southwest Florida Water Management District, September 1981: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-101, 1 Plate: 24.08 x 35.19 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr82101.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 24.08 x 35.19 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":175995,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":79256,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0101/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":420315,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_75615.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84,\n 30\n ],\n [\n -84,\n 26.5\n ],\n [\n -81.25,\n 26.5\n ],\n [\n -81.25,\n 30\n ],\n [\n -84,\n 30\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db682f5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yobbi, D. K.","contributorId":56622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yobbi","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":225168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schiner, G. R.","contributorId":85175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schiner","given":"G. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":225169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":37144,"text":"rp142 - 1981 - Key to trematodes reported in waterfowl","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-27T13:02:00","indexId":"rp142","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":79,"text":"Resource Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"142","title":"Key to trematodes reported in waterfowl","docAbstract":"This key is the second in a series for identification of the helminths reported in waterfowl (Family Anatidae, Order Anseriformes). The first was a key to nematodes (McDonald 1974).
\nThe trematodes show the greatest variety of forms among the helminth parasites of waterfowl, including over half of all species reported; sometimes this group also includes the greatest part of the worms in a single bird. Over 500 species of trematodes have been reported in waterfowl. Almost all of these have been included in the present set of keys; it was not possible, however, to obtain the descriptions of a few forms (7 of 525).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"McDonald, M.E., 1981, Key to trematodes reported in waterfowl: Resource Publication 142, 156 p.","productDescription":"156 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":162273,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/rp142.jpg"},{"id":309496,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/rp/0142/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b47dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McDonald, Malcolm Edwin","contributorId":95522,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDonald","given":"Malcolm","email":"","middleInitial":"Edwin","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":217561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":42190,"text":"ofr81935 - 1981 - Aeromagnetic map of the Blood Mountain-Chattahoochee area, Georgia and North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-01T20:14:47.989967","indexId":"ofr81935","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-935","title":"Aeromagnetic map of the Blood Mountain-Chattahoochee area, Georgia and North Carolina","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81935","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1981, Aeromagnetic map of the Blood Mountain-Chattahoochee area, Georgia and North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-935, 2 Plates: 34.55 x 45.04 inches and 35.32 x 40.48 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81935.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 34.55 x 45.04 inches and 35.32 x 40.48 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":167950,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":79936,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0935/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":79935,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0935/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":413549,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12217.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia, North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Blood Mountain-Chattahoochee area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.036,\n 35.289\n ],\n [\n -84.083,\n 35.289\n ],\n [\n -84.083,\n 34.583\n ],\n [\n -83.036,\n 34.583\n ],\n [\n -83.036,\n 35.289\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db69716a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":530895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":42065,"text":"ofr811158 - 1981 - Aeromagnetic map of the Ugashik-Karluk area, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-01T21:01:58.103519","indexId":"ofr811158","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-1158","title":"Aeromagnetic map of the Ugashik-Karluk area, Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr811158","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1981, Aeromagnetic map of the Ugashik-Karluk area, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-1158, 1 Plate: 27.66 x 24.55 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr811158.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 27.66 x 24.55 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":135542,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":79817,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1158/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":108099,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_11899.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"11899"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Ugashik-Karluk area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -158,\n 58\n ],\n [\n -158,\n 57\n ],\n [\n -155.333,\n 57\n ],\n [\n -155.333,\n 58\n ],\n [\n -158,\n 58\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae7e4b07f02db68c2fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":530810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":64773,"text":"i1287A - 1981 - Map showing water circulation and rates of sedimentation in the Corpus Christi 1 degree by 2 degrees quadrangle, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-04T16:23:28.651015","indexId":"i1287A","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1287","subseriesTitle":"MGA","chapter":"A","title":"Map showing water circulation and rates of sedimentation in the Corpus Christi 1 degree by 2 degrees quadrangle, Texas","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i1287A","usgsCitation":"Berryhill, H.L., and Trippet, A., 1981, Map showing water circulation and rates of sedimentation in the Corpus Christi 1 degree by 2 degrees quadrangle, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 1287, Report: 1 p.; 1 Plate: 56.58 x 26.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i1287A.","productDescription":"Report: 1 p.; 1 Plate: 56.58 x 26.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":420251,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_9105.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":255196,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1287a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":255195,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1287a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":255194,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1287a/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Corpus Christi 1 degree x 2 degrees quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.667,\n 28\n ],\n [\n -97.667,\n 27\n ],\n [\n -96,\n 27\n ],\n [\n -96,\n 28\n ],\n [\n -97.667,\n 28\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640de0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berryhill, H. L. Jr.","contributorId":96356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berryhill","given":"H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":272127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trippet, A. R.","contributorId":105377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trippet","given":"A. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":272128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030355,"text":"70030355 - 1981 - Simulation model of Skeletonema costatum population dynamics in northern San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-12T17:04:25.404413","indexId":"70030355","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Simulation model of Skeletonema costatum population dynamics in northern San Francisco Bay, California","title":"Simulation model of Skeletonema costatum population dynamics in northern San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"A pseudo-two-dimensional model is developed to simulate population dynamics of one dominant phytoplankton species (Skeletonema costatum) in northern San Francisco Bay. The model is formulated around a conceptualization of this estuary as two distinct but coupled subsystems—a deep (10–20 m) central channel and lateral areas with shallow (<2 m) water and slow circulation. Algal growth rates are governed by solar irradiation, temperature and salinity, while population losses are assumed to result from grazing bycalanoid copepods. Consequences of estuarine gravitational circulation are approximated simply by reducing convective-dispersive transport in that section of the channel (null zone) where residual bottom currents are near zero, and lateral mixing is treated as a bulkexchange process between the channel and the shoals.
Model output is consistent with the hypothesis that, because planktonic algae are light-limited, shallow areas are the sites of active population growth. Seasonal variation in the location of the null zone (a response to variable river discharge) is responsible for maintaining the spring bloom of neritic diatoms in the seaward reaches of the estuary (San Pablo Bay) and the summer bloom upstream (Suisun Bay). Model output suggests that these spring and summer blooms result from the same general process—establishment of populations over the shoals, where growth rates are rapid, coupled with reduced particulate transport due to estuarine gravitational circulation. It also suggests, however, that the relative importance of physical and biological processes to phytoplankton dynamics is different in San Pablo and Suisun Bays. Finally, the model has helped us determine those processes having sufficient importance to merit further refinement in the next generation of models, and it has given new direction to field studies.