{"pageNumber":"2184","pageRowStart":"54575","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184569,"records":[{"id":70033428,"text":"70033428 - 2008 - Using conservation value to assess land restoration and management alternatives across a degraded oak savanna landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70033428","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2163,"text":"Journal of Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using conservation value to assess land restoration and management alternatives across a degraded oak savanna landscape","docAbstract":"1. Managers considering restoration of landscapes often face a fundamental challenge - what should be the habitat composition of the restored landscape? We present a method for evaluating an important conservation trade-off inherent in making that decision. 2. Oak savannas and grasslands were historically widespread across central North America but are now rare. Today, in north-west Indiana, USA, habitats spanning a range of woody vegetation density, from nearly treeless open habitats to forests, occur across the conserved landscape where savannas probably once dominated. To understand the benefits of different potential landscape compositions, we evaluated how different proportions of five habitats - open, savanna, woodland, scrub and forest - might affect the conservation value of the north-west Indiana landscape for birds. Two variables of potential conservation importance were examined: species diversity, a measure of avian community richness, and conservation index, the percentage of a bird species' global population occurring on a hectare of landscape, summed across all bird species present. Higher values of conservation index were associated with higher local densities of globally more rare and more threatened species. 3. Conservation index and species diversity were correlated negatively across hypothetical landscapes composed of different proportions of the five habitats. Therefore, a management trade-off existed between conservation index and species diversity because landscapes that maximized species diversity differed from landscapes that maximized conservation index. 4. A landscape of 50% open, 22% savanna, 15% scrub and 13% forest was predicted to represent a compromise at which conservation index and species diversity reached the same percentage of their maxima. In contrast, the current landscape is dominated by forest. 5. Synthesis and applications. We quantified the trade-off between two potential aspects of a landscape's conservation value for birds - the landscape's ability to promote avian species diversity and the landscape's use by threatened avian species. This quantification allowed us to evaluate the ability of different landscape compositions to achieve preferable trade-off compromises, such as maximizing diversity for a given level of landscape use by threatened species. Managers can use these trade-off results to determine which landscape compositions are associated with particular conservation and management priorities.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01422.x","issn":"00218901","usgsCitation":"Grundel, R., and Pavlovic, N., 2008, Using conservation value to assess land restoration and management alternatives across a degraded oak savanna landscape: Journal of Applied Ecology, v. 45, no. 1, p. 315-324, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01422.x.","startPage":"315","endPage":"324","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487780,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01422.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213225,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01422.x"},{"id":240830,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-11-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc03fe4b08c986b329ff7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grundel, R.","contributorId":37110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grundel","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pavlovic, N.B.","contributorId":105076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavlovic","given":"N.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033261,"text":"70033261 - 2008 - Identification, prediction, and mitigation of sinkhole hazards in evaporite karst areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033261","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Identification, prediction, and mitigation of sinkhole hazards in evaporite karst areas","docAbstract":"Sinkholes usually have a higher probability of occurrence and a greater genetic diversity in evaporite terrains than in carbonate karst areas. This is because evaporites have a higher solubility and, commonly, a lower mechanical strength. Subsidence damage resulting from evaporite dissolution generates substantial losses throughout the world, but the causes are only well understood in a few areas. To deal with these hazards, a phased approach is needed for sinkhole identification, investigation, prediction, and mitigation. Identification techniques include field surveys and geomorphological mapping combined with accounts from local people and historical sources. Detailed sinkhole maps can be constructed from sequential historical maps, recent topographical maps, and digital elevation models (DEMs) complemented with building-damage surveying, remote sensing, and high-resolution geodetic surveys. On a more detailed level, information from exposed paleosubsidence features (paleokarst), speleological explorations, geophysical investigations, trenching, dating techniques, and boreholes may help in investigating dissolution and subsidence features. Information on the hydrogeological pathways including caves, springs, and swallow holes are particularly important especially when corroborated by tracer tests. These diverse data sources make a valuable database-the karst inventory. From this dataset, sinkhole susceptibility zonations (relative probability) may be produced based on the spatial distribution of the features and good knowledge of the local geology. Sinkhole distribution can be investigated by spatial distribution analysis techniques including studies of preferential elongation, alignment, and nearest neighbor analysis. More objective susceptibility models may be obtained by analyzing the statistical relationships between the known sinkholes and the conditioning factors. Chronological information on sinkhole formation is required to estimate the probability of occurrence of sinkholes (number of sinkholes/km2 year). Such spatial and temporal predictions, frequently derived from limited records and based on the assumption that past sinkhole activity may be extrapolated to the future, are non-corroborated hypotheses. Validation methods allow us to assess the predictive capability of the susceptibility maps and to transform them into probability maps. Avoiding the most hazardous areas by preventive planning is the safest strategy for development in sinkhole-prone areas. Corrective measures could be applied to reduce the dissolution activity and subsidence processes. A more practical solution for safe development is to reduce the vulnerability of the structures by using subsidence-proof designs. ?? 2007 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology","language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00254-007-0728-4","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"Gutierrez, F., Cooper, A., and Johnson, K., 2008, Identification, prediction, and mitigation of sinkhole hazards in evaporite karst areas, <i>in</i> Environmental Geology, v. 53, no. 5, p. 1007-1022, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-007-0728-4.","startPage":"1007","endPage":"1022","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476743,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/6745/1/Gutierrez_Cooper_Johnson_Env__Geol_V53_1007-1022.pdf","text":"External Repository"},{"id":213253,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00254-007-0728-4"},{"id":240860,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-04-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3844e4b0c8380cd614de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gutierrez, F.","contributorId":79309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutierrez","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooper, A.H.","contributorId":30046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, K.S.","contributorId":24385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"K.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033427,"text":"70033427 - 2008 - Persistent environmental pollutants in eggs of aplomado falcons from Northern Chihuahua, Mexico, and South Texas, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70033427","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1523,"text":"Environment International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Persistent environmental pollutants in eggs of aplomado falcons from Northern Chihuahua, Mexico, and South Texas, USA","docAbstract":"The northern aplomado falcon (Falco femoralis septentrionalis) disappeared from south Texas in the 1940s. Due to great success in the release of captive-reared aplomado falcons in south Texas, there are currently more than 40 established nesting pairs in the region. Addled eggs from aplomado falcons nesting in northern Chihuahua and south Texas were analyzed to determine organochlorine (OC) and inorganic element contaminant burdens and their potential association with egg failures and effects on reproduction. Among the OCs, DDE [1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene] was present at the highest concentrations (range 262-21487??ng/g wet weight) followed by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs, range 88-3274??ng/g ww). DDE was greater (P = 0.03) in eggs from El Sueco (Chihuahua, Mexico) than in those from Matagorda Island (Texas, USA). DDE concentrations in eggs of aplomado falcons from El Sueco were elevated; however, reproductive success in the two Chihuahuan populations did not seem to be affected by DDE. DDE and metals in potential avian prey of the aplomado falcon from Matagorda Island were very low and below levels in the diet at which some negative effects might be expected. Except for mercury (Hg), metal concentrations in eggs were fairly low and were not different among locations in Chihuahua and south Texas. Hg was somewhat elevated and was greater (P < 0.001) in Texas than in the Chihuahua locations. Periodic monitoring of Hg concentrations in addled eggs of aplomado falcons in south Texas is recommended to continue evaluating potential negative effects on their recovery. ?? 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environment International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2007.06.009","issn":"01604120","usgsCitation":"Mora, M., Montoya, A., Lee, M., Macias-Duarte, A., Rodriguez-Salazar, R., Juergens, P., and Lafon-Terrazas, A., 2008, Persistent environmental pollutants in eggs of aplomado falcons from Northern Chihuahua, Mexico, and South Texas, USA: Environment International, v. 34, no. 1, p. 44-50, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2007.06.009.","startPage":"44","endPage":"50","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":499967,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/28cc910e876047faa4a4dc4eac626a1d","text":"External Repository"},{"id":213224,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2007.06.009"},{"id":240829,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a76f6e4b0c8380cd783ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mora, M.A.","contributorId":71923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mora","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Montoya, A.B.","contributorId":89359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montoya","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, M.C.","contributorId":78159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Macias-Duarte, Alberto","contributorId":70605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macias-Duarte","given":"Alberto","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rodriguez-Salazar, R.","contributorId":58848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez-Salazar","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Juergens, P.W.","contributorId":15414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juergens","given":"P.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lafon-Terrazas, A.","contributorId":25367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lafon-Terrazas","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70033255,"text":"70033255 - 2008 - Sources of organochlorine contaminants and mercury in seabirds from the Aleutian archipelago of Alaska: Inferences from spatial and trophic variation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-16T10:34:00","indexId":"70033255","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources of organochlorine contaminants and mercury in seabirds from the Aleutian archipelago of Alaska: Inferences from spatial and trophic variation","docAbstract":"<p><span>Persistent organochlorine compounds and mercury (Hg) have been detected in numerous coastal organisms of the Aleutian archipelago of Alaska, yet sources of these contaminants are unclear. We collected glaucous-winged gulls, northern fulmars, and tufted puffins along a natural longitudinal gradient across the western and central Aleutian Islands (Buldir, Kiska, Amchitka, Adak), and an additional 8 seabird species representing different foraging and migratory guilds from Buldir Island to evaluate: 1) point source input from former military installations, 2) westward increases in contaminant concentrations suggestive of distant source input, and 3) effects of trophic status (</span><i>δ</i><sup>15</sup><span>N) and carbon source (</span><i>δ</i><sup>13</sup><span>C) on contaminant accumulation. Concentrations of Σ polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and most chlorinated pesticides in glaucous-winged gulls consistently exhibited a ‘U’-shaped pattern of high levels at Buldir and the east side of Adak and low levels at Kiska and Amchitka. In contrast, concentrations of Σ PCBs and chlorinated pesticides in northern fulmars and tufted puffins did not differ among islands. Hg concentrations increased westward in glaucous-winged gulls and were highest in northern fulmars from Buldir. Among species collected only at Buldir, Hg was notably elevated in pelagic cormorants, and relatively high Σ PCBs were detected in black-legged kittiwakes. Concentrations of Σ PCBs, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (</span><i>p</i><span>,</span><i>p</i><span>′ DDE), and Hg were positively correlated with </span><i>δ</i><sup>15</sup><span>N across all seabird species, indicating biomagnification across trophic levels. The east side of Adak Island (a former military installation) was a likely point source of Σ PCBs and </span><i>p</i><span>,</span><i>p</i><span>′ DDE, particularly in glaucous-winged gulls. In contrast, elevated levels of these contaminants and Hg, along with PCB congener and chlorinated pesticide compositional patterns detected at Buldir Island indicated exposure from distant sources influenced by a combination of atmospheric–oceanic processes and the migratory movements of seabirds.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.06.030","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Ricca, M., Miles, A.K., and Anthony, R., 2008, Sources of organochlorine contaminants and mercury in seabirds from the Aleutian archipelago of Alaska: Inferences from spatial and trophic variation: Science of the Total Environment, v. 406, no. 1-2, p. 308-323, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.06.030.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"308","endPage":"323","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240760,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213163,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.06.030"}],"volume":"406","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9389e4b08c986b31a54c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ricca, Mark A.","contributorId":39736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ricca","given":"Mark A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miles, A. Keith 0000-0002-3108-808X keith_miles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3108-808X","contributorId":196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miles","given":"A.","email":"keith_miles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Keith","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":440035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anthony, Robert G.","contributorId":61324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anthony","given":"Robert G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033426,"text":"70033426 - 2008 - The distribution of nuclear genetic variation and historical demography of sea otters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-17T16:35:58","indexId":"70033426","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":774,"text":"Animal Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The distribution of nuclear genetic variation and historical demography of sea otters","docAbstract":"<p>The amount and distribution of population genetic variation is crucial information for the design of effective conservation strategies for endangered species and can also be used to provide inference about demographic processes and patterns of migration. Here, we describe variation at a large number of nuclear genes in sea otters <i>Enhydra lutris</i> ssp. We surveyed 14 variable microsatellite loci and two genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in up to 350 California sea otters <i>Enhydra lutris nereis</i>, which represents ∼10% of the subspecies' population, and 46 otters from two Alaskan sites. We utilized methods for detecting past reductions in effective population size to examine the effects of near extinction from the fur trade. Summary statistic tests largely failed to find a signal of a recent population size reduction (within the past 200&nbsp;years), but a Bayesian method found a signal of a strong reduction over a longer time scale (up to 500&nbsp;years ago). These results indicate that the reduction in size began long enough ago that much genetic variation was lost before the 19th century fur trade. A comparison of geographic distance and pairwise relatedness for individual otters found no evidence of kin-based spatial clustering for either gender. This indicates that there is no population structure, due to extended family groups, within the California population. A survey of population genetic variation found that two of the MHC genes, DQB and DRB, had two alleles present and one of the genes, DRA, was monomorphic in otters. This contrasts with other mammals, where they are often the most variable coding genes known. Genetic variation in the sea otter is among the lowest observed for a mammal and raises concerns about the long-term viability of the species, particularly in the face of future environmental changes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1469-1795.2007.00144.x","usgsCitation":"Aguilar, A., Jessup, D.A., Estes, J., and Garza, J., 2008, The distribution of nuclear genetic variation and historical demography of sea otters: Animal Conservation, v. 11, no. 1, p. 35-45, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2007.00144.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"45","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476884,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2007.00144.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240828,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-11-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baad8e4b08c986b322a50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aguilar, A.","contributorId":47985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aguilar","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jessup, David A.","contributorId":96226,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jessup","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6952,"text":"California Department of Fish and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":440826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Estes, J.","contributorId":45881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Garza, J.C.","contributorId":53170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garza","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033423,"text":"70033423 - 2008 - Effects of acoustic waves on stick-slip in granular media and implications for earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:37","indexId":"70033423","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of acoustic waves on stick-slip in granular media and implications for earthquakes","docAbstract":"It remains unknown how the small strains induced by seismic waves can trigger earthquakes at large distances, in some cases thousands of kilometres from the triggering earthquake, with failure often occurring long after the waves have passed. Earthquake nucleation is usually observed to take place at depths of 10-20 km, and so static overburden should be large enough to inhibit triggering by seismic-wave stress perturbations. To understand the physics of dynamic triggering better, as well as the influence of dynamic stressing on earthquake recurrence, we have conducted laboratory studies of stick-slip in granular media with and without applied acoustic vibration. Glass beads were used to simulate granular fault zone material, sheared under constant normal stress, and subject to transient or continuous perturbation by acoustic waves. Here we show that small-magnitude failure events, corresponding to triggered aftershocks, occur when applied sound-wave amplitudes exceed several microstrain. These events are frequently delayed or occur as part of a cascade of small events. Vibrations also cause large slip events to be disrupted in time relative to those without wave perturbation. The effects are observed for many large-event cycles after vibrations cease, indicating a strain memory in the granular material. Dynamic stressing of tectonic faults may play a similar role in determining the complexity of earthquake recurrence. ??2007 Nature Publishing Group.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/nature06440","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Johnson, P., Savage, H., Knuth, M., Gomberg, J., and Marone, C., 2008, Effects of acoustic waves on stick-slip in granular media and implications for earthquakes: Nature, v. 451, no. 7174, p. 57-60, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06440.","startPage":"57","endPage":"60","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213199,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature06440"},{"id":240802,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"451","issue":"7174","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a067ce4b0c8380cd51281","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, P.A.","contributorId":91220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Savage, H.","contributorId":8680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knuth, M.","contributorId":11415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knuth","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gomberg, J.","contributorId":95994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomberg","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Marone, Chris","contributorId":7426,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marone","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70032208,"text":"70032208 - 2008 - Benthic invertebrates and periphyton in the Elwha river basin: Current conditions and predicted response to dam removal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:28","indexId":"70032208","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2900,"text":"Northwest Science","onlineIssn":"2161-9859","printIssn":"0029-344X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Benthic invertebrates and periphyton in the Elwha river basin: Current conditions and predicted response to dam removal","docAbstract":"The impending removal of two dams on the Elwha River in Washington State offers a unique opportunity to study ecosystem restoration at a watershed scale. We examine how periphyton and benthic invertebrate assemblages vary across regulated and unregulated sections of the Elwha River and across different habitat types, and establish baseline data for tracking future changes following dam removal. We collected multiple years of data on physical habitat, water chemistry, periphyton, and benthic invertebrates from 52 sites on the Elwha River and a reference section on the Quinault River, a neighboring basin. We found that substrate in regulated river sections was coarser and less heterogeneous in size than in unregulated sections, and summer water temperature and specific conductivity higher. Periphyton biomass was also consistently higher in regulated than unregulated sections. Benthic invertebrate assemblage structure at sites above both dams was distinct from sites between and below the dams, due in large part to dominance of mayfly taxa compared to higher relative abundance of midges and non-insect taxa at downstream sites. Following dam removal, we anticipate that both periphyton and benthic invertebrate abundance and diversity will temporarily decrease between and below dams as a result of sediment released from behind the reservoirs. Over the long-term, increased floodplain heterogeneity and recolonization by anadromous fish will alter benthic invertebrate and periphyton assemblages via increases in niche diversity and inputs of marine-derived nutrients. The extended timeline predicted for Elwha River recovery and the complexities of forecasting ecological response highlights the need for more long-term assessments of dam removal and river restoration practices.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northwest Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0029344X","usgsCitation":"Morley, S., Duda, J., Coe, H., Kloehn, K., and McHenry, M., 2008, Benthic invertebrates and periphyton in the Elwha river basin: Current conditions and predicted response to dam removal: Northwest Science, v. 82, no. SPEC.ISS., p. 179-196.","startPage":"179","endPage":"196","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242803,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"82","issue":"SPEC.ISS.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f0bce4b0c8380cd4a8b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morley, S.A.","contributorId":49619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morley","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duda, J.J. 0000-0001-7431-8634","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7431-8634","contributorId":105073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duda","given":"J.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coe, H.J.","contributorId":59644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coe","given":"H.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kloehn, K.K.","contributorId":84995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kloehn","given":"K.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McHenry, M.L.","contributorId":29476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McHenry","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70033422,"text":"70033422 - 2008 - Determining an age for the Inararo Tuff eruption of Mt. Pinatubo, based on correlation with a distal ash layer in core MD97-2142, South China Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:37","indexId":"70033422","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3217,"text":"Quaternary International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determining an age for the Inararo Tuff eruption of Mt. Pinatubo, based on correlation with a distal ash layer in core MD97-2142, South China Sea","docAbstract":"The largest known eruption of Mt. Pinatubo in the late Quaternary was the Inararo Tuff Formation (ITF) eruption, roughly estimated as five times larger than the 1991 eruption. The precise age of the ITF eruption has been uncertain. Here, a correlative of the ITF eruption, Layer D, is identified in marine sediments, and an age obtained. Tephras were identified in core MD97-2142 of Leg II of the IMAGES III cruise in northern offshore of Palawan, southeastern South China Sea (12??41.33???N, 119??27.90???E). On the basis of the geochemical and isotopic fingerprints, Layer D can be correlated with the ITF eruption of the modern Pinatubo-eruption sequence. By means of the MD97-2142 SPECMAP chronology, Layer D was dated at around 81??2 ka. This estimated age of the ITF eruption and tephra Layer D coincides with an anomalously high SO4-2 spike occurring within the 5 millennia from 79 to 84 ka in the GISP2 ice core record. ?? 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2007.02.025","issn":"10406182","usgsCitation":"Ku, Y., Chen, C., Newhall, C.G., Song, S., Yang, T., Iizuka, Y., and McGeehin, J., 2008, Determining an age for the Inararo Tuff eruption of Mt. Pinatubo, based on correlation with a distal ash layer in core MD97-2142, South China Sea: Quaternary International, v. 178, no. 1, p. 138-145, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2007.02.025.","startPage":"138","endPage":"145","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240801,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213198,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2007.02.025"}],"volume":"178","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffebe4b0c8380cd4f48d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ku, Y.-P.","contributorId":47169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ku","given":"Y.-P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chen, C.-H.","contributorId":62029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"C.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Newhall, C. G.","contributorId":93056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newhall","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Song, S.-R.","contributorId":71004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Song","given":"S.-R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yang, T.F.","contributorId":60861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Iizuka, Y.","contributorId":76949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iizuka","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McGeehin, J.","contributorId":49554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGeehin","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70033421,"text":"70033421 - 2008 - Summer season variability of the north residual cap of Mars as observed by the Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer (MGS-TES)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-19T09:26:57","indexId":"70033421","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3083,"text":"Planetary and Space Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Summer season variability of the north residual cap of Mars as observed by the Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer (MGS-TES)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Previous observations have noted the change in albedo in a number of North Pole bright outliers and in the distribution of bright ice deposits between Mariner 9, Viking, and Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) data sets. Changes over the summer season as well as between regions at the same season (</span><i>L</i><sub>s</sub><span>) in different years have been observed. We used the bolometric albedo and brightness temperature channels of the Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) on the MGS spacecraft to monitor north polar residual ice cap variations between Mars years and within the summer season for three northern Martian summers between July 1999 and April 2003. Large-scale brightness variations are observed in four general areas: (1) the patchy outlying frost deposits from 90 to 270°E, 75 to 80°N; (2) the large “tail” below the Chasma Boreale and its associated plateau from 315 to 45°E, 80 to 85°N, that we call the “Boreale Tongue” and in Hyperboreae Undae; (3) the troughed terrain in the region from 0 to 120°E longitude (the lower right on a polar stereographic projection) we have called “Shackleton's Grooves” and (4) the unit mapped as residual ice in Olympia Planitia. We also note two areas which seem to persist as cool and bright throughout the summer and between Mars years. One is at the “source” of Chasma Boreale (∼15°E, 85°N) dubbed “McMurdo”, and the “Cool and Bright Anomaly (CABA)” noted by Kieffer and Titus 2001. TES Mapping of Mars’ north seasonal cap. Icarus 154, 162–180] at ∼330°E, 87°N called here “Vostok”. Overall defrosting occurs early in the summer as the temperatures rise and then after the peak temperatures are reached (</span><i>L</i><sub>s</sub><span>∼110) higher elevations and outlier bright deposits cold trap and re-accumulate new frost. Persistent bright areas are associated with either higher elevations or higher background albedos suggesting complex feedback mechanisms including cold-trapping of frost due to albedo and elevation effects, as well as influence of mesoscale atmospheric dynamics.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Planetary and Space Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.pss.2007.08.005","issn":"00320633","usgsCitation":"Calvin, W.M., and Titus, T.N., 2008, Summer season variability of the north residual cap of Mars as observed by the Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer (MGS-TES): Planetary and Space Science, v. 56, no. 2, p. 212-226, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2007.08.005.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"212","endPage":"226","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240800,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"56","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9f42e4b08c986b31e44f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Calvin, Wendy M.","contributorId":93508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calvin","given":"Wendy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Titus, Timothy N. 0000-0003-0700-4875 ttitus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0700-4875","contributorId":146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titus","given":"Timothy","email":"ttitus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":440805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70032202,"text":"70032202 - 2008 - Development of the mixed conifer forest in northern New Mexico and its relationship to Holocene environmental change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-23T09:33:55","indexId":"70032202","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of the mixed conifer forest in northern New Mexico and its relationship to Holocene environmental change","docAbstract":"<p><span>Chihuahueños Bog (2925 m) in the Jemez Mountains of northern New Mexico contains one of the few records of late-glacial and postglacial development of the mixed conifer forest in southwestern North America. The Chihuahueños Bog record extends to over 15,000 cal yr BP. An</span><span class=\"italic\">Artemisia</span><span>steppe, then an open</span><span class=\"italic\">Picea</span><span>woodland grew around a small pond until ca. 11,700 cal yr BP when</span><span class=\"italic\">Pinus ponderosa</span><span>became established. C/N ratios,</span><span class=\"italic\">δ</span><span><span>&nbsp;</span></span><span class=\"sup\">13</span><span>C and</span><span class=\"italic\">δ</span><span><span>&nbsp;</span></span><span class=\"sup\">15</span><span>N values indicate both terrestrial and aquatic organic matter was incorporated into the sediment. Higher percentages of aquatic algae and elevated C/N ratios indicate higher lake levels at the opening of the Holocene, but a wetland developed subsequently as climate warmed. From ca. 8500 to 6400 cal yr BP the pond desiccated in what must have been the driest period of the Holocene there. C/N ratios declined to their lowest Holocene levels, indicating intense decomposition in the sediment. Wetter conditions returned after 6400 cal yr BP, with conversion of the site to a sedge bog as groundwater levels rose. Higher charcoal influx rates after 6400 cal yr BP probably result from greater biomass production rates. Only minor shifts in the overstory species occurred during the Holocene, suggesting that mixed conifer forest dominated throughout the record.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1016/j.yqres.2007.12.002","usgsCitation":"Anderson, R., Jass, R., Toney, J., Allen, C.D., Cisneros-Dozal, L.M., Hess, M., Heikoop, J., and Fessenden, J., 2008, Development of the mixed conifer forest in northern New Mexico and its relationship to Holocene environmental change: Quaternary Research, v. 69, no. 2, p. 263-275, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2007.12.002.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"263","endPage":"275","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242737,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a007ce4b0c8380cd4f770","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, R. Scott","contributorId":6983,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"R. Scott","affiliations":[{"id":7034,"text":"School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability at Northern Arizona University, in Flagstaff","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":435018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jass, R.B.","contributorId":58111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jass","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Toney, J.L.","contributorId":57281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toney","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Allen, Craig D. 0000-0002-8777-5989 craig_allen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-5989","contributorId":2597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"craig_allen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cisneros-Dozal, L. M.","contributorId":7099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cisneros-Dozal","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hess, M.","contributorId":49997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hess","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Heikoop, Jeff","contributorId":21779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heikoop","given":"Jeff","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fessenden, J.","contributorId":73838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fessenden","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70033196,"text":"70033196 - 2008 - Metalliferous sediment and a silica-hematite deposit within the Blanco fracture zone, Northeast Pacific","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033196","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2669,"text":"Marine Georesources and Geotechnology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Metalliferous sediment and a silica-hematite deposit within the Blanco fracture zone, Northeast Pacific","docAbstract":"A Tiburon ROV dive within the East Blanco Depression (EBD) increased the mapped extent of a known hydrothermal field by an order of magnitude. In addition, a unique opal-CT (cristobalite-tridymite)-hematite mound was discovered, and mineralized sediments and rock were collected and analyzed. Silica-hematite mounds have not previously been found on the deep ocean floor. The light-weight rock of the porous mound consists predominantly of opal-CT and hematite filaments, rods, and strands, and averages 77.8% SiO2 and 11.8% Fe2O3. The hematite and opal-CT precipitated from a low-temperature (???115?? C), strongly oxidized, silica- and iron-rich, sulfur-poor hydrothermal fluid; a bacterial mat provided the framework for precipitation. Samples collected from a volcaniclastic rock outcrop consist primarily of quartz with lesser plagioclase, smectite, pyroxene, and sulfides; SiO2 content averages 72.5%. Formation of these quartz-rich samples is best explained by cooling in an up-flow zone of silica-rich hydrothermal fluids within a low permeability system. Opal-A, opal-CT, and quartz mineralization found in different places within the EBD hydrothermal field likely reflects decreasing silica saturation and increasing temperature of the mineralizing fluid with increasing silica crystallinity. Six push cores recovered gravel, coarse sand, and mud mineralized variously by Fe or Mn oxides, silica, and sulfides. Total rare-earth element concentrations are low for both the rock and push core samples. Ce and Eu anomalies reflect high and low temperature hydrothermal components and detrital phases. A remarkable variety of types of mineralization occur within the EBD field, yet a consistent suite of elements is enriched (relative to basalt and unmineralized cores) in all samples analyzed: Ag, Au, S, Mo, Hg, As, Sb, Sr, and U; most samples are also enriched in Cu, Pb, Cd, and Zn. On the basis of these element enrichments, the EBD hydrothermal field might best be described as a base- and precious-metal-bearing, silica-Fe-oxide-barite deposit. Such deposits are commonly spatially and temporally associated with volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) ores. A plot of data for pathfinder elements shows a large hot spot at the northwestern margin of the field, which may mark a region where moderate to high temperature sulfide deposits are forming at depth; further exploration of the hydrothermal field to the northwest is warranted.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Georesources and Geotechnology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1080/10641190802430986","issn":"10641","usgsCitation":"Hein, J., Clague, D., Koski, R., Embley, R., and Dunham, R., 2008, Metalliferous sediment and a silica-hematite deposit within the Blanco fracture zone, Northeast Pacific: Marine Georesources and Geotechnology, v. 26, no. 4, p. 317-339, https://doi.org/10.1080/10641190802430986.","startPage":"317","endPage":"339","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213282,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10641190802430986"},{"id":240892,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a54e2e4b0c8380cd6d081","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hein, J.R. 0000-0002-5321-899X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":61429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clague, D.A.","contributorId":36129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clague","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koski, R.A.","contributorId":16006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koski","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Embley, R.W.","contributorId":28616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Embley","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dunham, R.E.","contributorId":8297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunham","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70032200,"text":"70032200 - 2008 - Transport of elemental mercury in the unsaturated zone from a waste disposal site in an arid region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T08:06:22","indexId":"70032200","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transport of elemental mercury in the unsaturated zone from a waste disposal site in an arid region","docAbstract":"<p><span>Mercury contained in buried landfill waste may be released via upward emission to the atmosphere or downward leaching to groundwater. Data from the US Geological Survey’s Amargosa Desert Research Site (ADRS) in arid southwestern Nevada reveal another potential pathway of Hg release: long-distance (10</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span><span>m) lateral migration of elemental Hg (Hg</span><sup>0</sup><span>) through the unsaturated zone. Gas collected from multiple depths from two instrumented boreholes that sample the entire 110-m unsaturated zone thickness and are located 100 and 160</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>m away from the closest waste burial trench exhibit gaseous Hg concentrations of up to 33 and 11</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>ng</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>m</span><sup>−3</sup><span>, respectively. The vertical distribution of gaseous Hg in the borehole closest to the disposal site shows distinct subsurface peaks in concentration at depths of 1.5 and 24</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>m that cannot be explained by radial diffusive transport through a heterogeneous layered unsaturated zone. The inability of current models to explain gaseous Hg distribution at the ADRS highlights the need to advance the understanding of gas-phase contaminant transport in unsaturated zones to attain a comprehensive model of landfill Hg release.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.12.014","usgsCitation":"Walvoord, M.A., Andraski, B.J., Krabbenhoft, D., and Striegl, R.G., 2008, Transport of elemental mercury in the unsaturated zone from a waste disposal site in an arid region: Applied Geochemistry, v. 23, no. 3, p. 572-583, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.12.014.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"572","endPage":"583","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242702,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb74fe4b08c986b3271af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walvoord, Michelle Ann 0000-0003-4269-8366 walvoord@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4269-8366","contributorId":147211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walvoord","given":"Michelle","email":"walvoord@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andraski, Brian J. 0000-0002-2086-0417 andraski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2086-0417","contributorId":168800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andraski","given":"Brian","email":"andraski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":435007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, D. P. 0000-0003-1964-5020","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":90765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"D. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":435006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032199,"text":"70032199 - 2008 - Effectiveness and retention of thiamine and its analogs administered to steelhead and landlocked Atlantic salmon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:28","indexId":"70032199","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effectiveness and retention of thiamine and its analogs administered to steelhead and landlocked Atlantic salmon","docAbstract":"We investigated the feasibility of enhancing the reproduction of steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss and landlocked Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in lakes where the consumption of alewives Alosa pseudoharengus and other forage fishes containing thiaminase can cause them to become thiamine deficient and thereby reduce the survival of their fry. We evaluated feeding fingerling steelhead excess thiamine hydrochloride (THCl) for 1 or 2 weeks or equimolar amounts of thiamine mononitrate, thiamine-tetrahydrofurfuryl-disulfide, benfotiamine, or dibenzoyl thiamine (DBT). We found minimal internal reserves of thiamine after 6 months. We also compared the ability of injections of thiamine and its analogs to prevent mortality in thiamine-deficient steelhead and Atlantic salmon sac fry and found all forms to be effective, although benfotiamine was the least effective on an equimolar basis. Further, we injected yearling steelhead and found that DBT was tolerated at approximately 11,200 nmol/g of body weight, about 10 times more than thiamine in any other form. When yearling steelhead were injected with near-maximal doses of thiamine hydrochloride and several analogs and then fed a thiamine-deficient diet, DBT was retained for approximately 2 years - in contrast to other forms, which were retained for less than about 6 months. Therefore, these results suggest that neither feeding nor injecting young hatchery salmonids with DBT is likely to enhance their reproduction for more than 2 years after stocking. However, injecting DBT in nearly mature fish (either cultured fish from hatcheries or wild fish captured in lakes) may provide them with enough thiamine to successfully spawn within 2 years even though they consume mainly thiaminase-containing forage fishes. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/H07-012.1","issn":"08997659","usgsCitation":"Ketola, H.G., Isaacs, G., Robins, J., and Lloyd, R., 2008, Effectiveness and retention of thiamine and its analogs administered to steelhead and landlocked Atlantic salmon: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 20, no. 1, p. 29-38, https://doi.org/10.1577/H07-012.1.","startPage":"29","endPage":"38","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214910,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/H07-012.1"},{"id":242670,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0634e4b0c8380cd51159","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ketola, H. G.","contributorId":60976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ketola","given":"H.","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Isaacs, G.R.","contributorId":106724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isaacs","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robins, J.S.","contributorId":19793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robins","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lloyd, R.C.","contributorId":52004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lloyd","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032196,"text":"70032196 - 2008 - Evaluating intercepts from demographic models to understand resource limitation and resource thresholds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:28","indexId":"70032196","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating intercepts from demographic models to understand resource limitation and resource thresholds","docAbstract":"Understanding resource limitation is critical to effective management and conservation of wild populations, however resource limitation is difficult to quantify partly because resource limitation is a dynamic process. Specifically, a resource that is limiting at one time may become non-limiting at another time, depending upon changes in its availability and changes in the availability of other resources. Methods for understanding resource limitation, therefore, must consider the dynamic effects of resources on demography. We present approaches for interpreting results of demographic modeling beyond analyzing model rankings, model weights, slope estimates, and model averaging. We demonstrate how interpretation of y-intercepts, odds ratios, and rates of change can yield insights into resource limitation as a dynamic process, assuming logistic regression is used to link estimates of resources with estimates of demography. In addition, we show how x-intercepts can be evaluated with respect to odds ratios to understand resource thresholds. ?? 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.09.020","issn":"03043800","usgsCitation":"Reynolds-Hogland, M.J., Hogland, J., and Mitchell, M., 2008, Evaluating intercepts from demographic models to understand resource limitation and resource thresholds: Ecological Modelling, v. 211, no. 3-4, p. 424-432, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.09.020.","startPage":"424","endPage":"432","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214883,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.09.020"},{"id":242639,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"211","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0be8e4b0c8380cd5292b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds-Hogland, M. J.","contributorId":57647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds-Hogland","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hogland, J.S.","contributorId":44372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hogland","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mitchell, M.S.","contributorId":26724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032192,"text":"70032192 - 2008 - Relation between flow and temporal variations of nitrate and pesticides in two karst springs in northern Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:29","indexId":"70032192","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relation between flow and temporal variations of nitrate and pesticides in two karst springs in northern Alabama","docAbstract":"Two karst springs in the Mississippian Carbonate Aquifer of northern Alabama were sampled between March 1999 and March 2001 to characterize the variability in concentration of nitrate, pesticides, selected pesticide degradates, water temperature, and inorganic constituents. Water temperature and inorganic ion data for McGeehee Spring indicate that this spring represents a shallow flow system with a relatively short average ground-water residence time. Water issuing from the larger of the two springs, Meridianville Spring, maintained a constant temperature, and inorganic ion data indicate that this water represents a deeper flow system having a longer average ground-water residence time than McGeehee Spring. Although water-quality data indicate differing short-term responses to rainfall at the two springs, the seasonal variation of nitrate and pesticide concentrations generally is similar for the two springs. With the exception of pesticides detected at low concentrations, the coefficient of variation for most constituent concentrations was less than that of flow at both springs, with greater variability in concentration at McGeehee Spring. Degradates of the herbicides atrazine and fluometuron were detected at concentrations comparable to or greater than the parent pesticides. Decreases in concentration of the principal degradate of fluometuron from about July to November indicate that the degradation rate may decrease as fluometuron (demethylfluometuron) moves deeper into the soil after application. Data collected during the study show that from about November to March when recharge rates increase, nitrate and residual pesticides in the soil, unsaturated zone, and storage within the aquifer are transported to the spring discharges. Because of the increase in recharge, fluometuron loads discharged from the springs during the winter were comparable to loads discharged at the springs during the growing season. ?? 2008 American Water Resources Association.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00176.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Kingsbury, J., 2008, Relation between flow and temporal variations of nitrate and pesticides in two karst springs in northern Alabama: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 44, no. 2, p. 478-488, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00176.x.","startPage":"478","endPage":"488","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487053,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00176.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":214823,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00176.x"},{"id":242575,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-03-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a639e4b0e8fec6cdc127","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kingsbury, J.A.","contributorId":21583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kingsbury","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70032191,"text":"70032191 - 2008 - Habitat alteration increases invasive fire ant abundance to the detriment of amphibians and reptiles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:29","indexId":"70032191","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1018,"text":"Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat alteration increases invasive fire ant abundance to the detriment of amphibians and reptiles","docAbstract":"Altered habitats have been suggested to facilitate red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) colonization and dispersal, possibly compounding effects of habitat alteration on native wildlife. In this study, we compared colonization intensity of wood cover boards by S. invicta among four forest management treatments in South Carolina, USA: an unharvested control (>30 years old); a partially thinned stand; a clearcut with coarse woody debris retained; and a clearcut with coarse woody debris removed. Additionally, we compared dehydration rates and survival of recently metamorphosed salamanders (marbled salamanders, Ambystoma opacum, and mole salamanders, A. talpoideum) among treatments. We found that the number of wood cover boards colonized by S. invicta differed significantly among treatments, being lowest in the unharvested forest treatments and increasing with the degree of habitat alteration. Salamanders that were maintained in experimental field enclosures to study water loss were unexpectedly subjected to high levels of S. invicta predation that differed among forest treatments. All known predation by S. invicta was restricted to salamanders in clearcuts. The amount of vegetative ground cover was inversely related to the likelihood of S. invicta predation of salamanders. Our results show that S. invicta abundance increases with habitat disturbance and that this increased abundance has negative consequences for amphibians that remain in altered habitats. Our findings also suggest that the presence of invasive S. invicta may compromise the utility of cover boards and other techniques commonly used in herpetological studies in the Southeast. ?? 2007 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Invasions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10530-007-9150-9","issn":"13873547","usgsCitation":"Todd, B., Rothermel, B., Reed, R., Luhring, T., Schlatter, K., Trenkamp, L., and Gibbons, J., 2008, Habitat alteration increases invasive fire ant abundance to the detriment of amphibians and reptiles: Biological Invasions, v. 10, no. 4, p. 539-546, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-007-9150-9.","startPage":"539","endPage":"546","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214790,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-007-9150-9"},{"id":242541,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-08-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2eefe4b0c8380cd5c952","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Todd, B.D.","contributorId":102702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todd","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rothermel, B.B.","contributorId":67251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rothermel","given":"B.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reed, R.N. 0000-0001-8349-6168","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8349-6168","contributorId":49092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"R.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Luhring, T.M.","contributorId":66080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luhring","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schlatter, K.","contributorId":40819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlatter","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Trenkamp, L.","contributorId":91315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trenkamp","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gibbons, J.W.","contributorId":26647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibbons","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70032190,"text":"70032190 - 2008 - Environmental enrichment in steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) hatcheries: Field evaluation of aggression, foraging, and territoriality in natural and hatchery fry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:29","indexId":"70032190","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental enrichment in steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) hatcheries: Field evaluation of aggression, foraging, and territoriality in natural and hatchery fry","docAbstract":"Reforms for salmonid hatcheries include production of hatchery fish with behavioral characteristics similar to wild conspecifics. Enrichment of the hatchery environment has been proposed to achieve this goal. Field experiments of steelhead (i.e., sea-run rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry from a common stock reared under natural (i.e., stream), enriched hatchery, and conventional hatchery conditions indicated no significant differences in the rates of foraging or aggression between rearing treatments. However, the rates of foraging and aggression of natural fry were significantly affected by the type of hatchery fry stocked with them. Natural steelhead fry fed at lower rates and exhibited higher rates of aggression when stocked with steelhead fry raised in enriched hatchery environments. Territory sizes of steelhead fry ranged from 0.015 to 0.801 m2; were significantly, positively related to body length; and were not significantly different between rearing treatments. We conclude that hatchery steelhead fry released into streams establish territories that are proportional to their body length and similar in size to territories of natural steelhead fry. Our results indicate that both conventional and enriched hatchery environments produce natural social behaviors in steelhead released as fry and that fry from enriched hatchery environments may alter the foraging and aggressive behavior of natural, resident steelhead fry. ?? 2008 NRC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/F08-004","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Tatara, C., Riley, S., and Scheurer, J., 2008, Environmental enrichment in steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) hatcheries: Field evaluation of aggression, foraging, and territoriality in natural and hatchery fry: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 65, no. 4, p. 744-753, https://doi.org/10.1139/F08-004.","startPage":"744","endPage":"753","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214789,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/F08-004"},{"id":242540,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a09bae4b0c8380cd52035","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tatara, C.P.","contributorId":40793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tatara","given":"C.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Riley, S.C.","contributorId":71378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riley","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scheurer, J.A.","contributorId":101073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scheurer","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032189,"text":"70032189 - 2008 - Diversity, origins and virulence of Avipoxviruses in Hawaiian Forest Birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:25","indexId":"70032189","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1324,"text":"Conservation Genetics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diversity, origins and virulence of Avipoxviruses in Hawaiian Forest Birds","docAbstract":"We cultured avian pox (Avipoxvirus spp.) from lesions collected on Hawai'i, Maui, Moloka'i, and 'Oahu in the Hawaiian Islands from 15 native or non-native birds representing three avian orders. Phylogenetic analysis of a 538 bp fragment of the gene encoding the virus 4b core polypeptide revealed two distinct variant clusters, with sequences from chickens (fowlpox) forming a third distinct basal cluster. Pox isolates from one of these two clusters appear closely related to canarypox and other passerine pox viruses, while the second appears more specific to Hawai'i. There was no evidence that birds were infected simultaneously with multiple pox virus variants based on evaluation of multiples clones from four individuals. No obvious temporal or geographic associations were observed and strict host specificity was not apparent among the 4b-defined field isolates. We amplified a 116 bp 4b core protein gene fragment from an 'Elepaio (Chasiempis sandwichensis) collected in 1900 on Hawai'i Island that clustered closely with the second of the two variants, suggesting that this variant has been in Hawai'i for at least 100 years. The high variation detected between the three 4b clusters provides evidence for multiple, likely independent introductions, and does not support the hypothesis of infection of native species through introduction of infected fowl. Preliminary experimental infections in native Hawai'i 'Amakihi (Hemignathus virens) suggest that the 4b-defined variants may be biologically distinct, with one variant appearing more virulent. These pox viruses may interact with avian malaria (Plasmodium relictum), another introduced pathogen in Hawaiian forest bird populations, through modulation of host immune responses. ?? 2007 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Conservation Genetics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10592-007-9346-7","issn":"15660621","usgsCitation":"Jarvi, S., Triglia, D., Giannoulis, A., Farias, M., Bianchi, K., and Atkinson, C., 2008, Diversity, origins and virulence of Avipoxviruses in Hawaiian Forest Birds: Conservation Genetics, v. 9, no. 2, p. 339-348, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-007-9346-7.","startPage":"339","endPage":"348","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476855,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-007-9346-7","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":214757,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10592-007-9346-7"},{"id":242507,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0353e4b0c8380cd5042a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jarvi, S.I.","contributorId":60341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarvi","given":"S.I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Triglia, D.","contributorId":80481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Triglia","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Giannoulis, A.","contributorId":105141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giannoulis","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Farias, M.","contributorId":95710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farias","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bianchi, K.","contributorId":36770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bianchi","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Atkinson, C. T.","contributorId":29349,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Atkinson","given":"C. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70032187,"text":"70032187 - 2008 - Chapter 31 Sensitivity and spin-up times of cohesive sediment transport models used to simulate bathymetric change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-20T15:42:09.004566","indexId":"70032187","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3129,"text":"Proceedings in Marine Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chapter 31 Sensitivity and spin-up times of cohesive sediment transport models used to simulate bathymetric change","docAbstract":"<p>Bathymetric change in tidal environments is modulated by watershed sediment yield, hydrodynamic processes, benthic composition, and anthropogenic activities. These multiple forcings combine to complicate simple prediction of bathymetric change; therefore, numerical models are necessary to simulate sediment transport. Errors arise from these simulations, due to inaccurate initial conditions and model parameters. We investigated the response of bathymetric change to initial conditions and model parameters with a simplified zero-dimensional cohesive sediment transport model, a two-dimensional hydrodynamic/sediment transport model, and a tidally averaged box model. The zero-dimensional model consists of a well-mixed control volume subjected to a semidiurnal tide, with a cohesive sediment bed. Typical cohesive sediment parameters were utilized for both the bed and suspended sediment. The model was run until equilibrium in terms of bathymetric change was reached, where equilibrium is defined as less than the rate of sea level rise in San Francisco Bay (2.17 mm/year). Using this state as the initial condition, model parameters were perturbed 10% to favor deposition, and the model was resumed. Perturbed parameters included, but were not limited to, maximum tidal current, erosion rate constant, and critical shear stress for erosion. Bathymetric change was most sensitive to maximum tidal current, with a 10% perturbation resulting in an additional 1.4 m of deposition over 10 years. Re-establishing equilibrium in this model required 14 years. The next most sensitive parameter was the critical shear stress for erosion; when increased 10%, an additional 0.56 m of sediment was deposited and 13 years were required to re-establish equilibrium. The two-dimensional hydrodynamic/sediment transport model was calibrated to suspended-sediment concentration, and despite robust solution of hydrodynamic conditions it was unable to accurately hindcast bathymetric change. The tidally averaged box model was calibrated to bathymetric change data and shows rapidly evolving bathymetry in the first 10-20 years, though sediment supply and hydrodynamic forcing did not vary greatly. This initial burst of bathymetric change is believed to be model adjustment to initial conditions, and suggests a spin-up time of greater than 10 years. These three diverse modeling approaches reinforce the sensitivity of cohesive sediment transport models to initial conditions and model parameters, and highlight the importance of appropriate calibration data. Adequate spin-up time of the order of years is required to initialize models, otherwise the solution will contain bathymetric change that is not due to environmental forcings, but rather improper specification of initial conditions and model parameters. Temporally intensive bathymetric change data can assist in determining initial conditions and parameters, provided they are available. Computational effort may be reduced by selectively updating hydrodynamics and bathymetry, thereby allowing time for spin-up periods. reserved.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S1568-2692(08)80033-2","usgsCitation":"Schoellhamer, D., Ganju, N., Mineart, P.R., and Lionberger, M.A., 2008, Chapter 31 Sensitivity and spin-up times of cohesive sediment transport models used to simulate bathymetric change: Proceedings in Marine Science, v. 9, p. 463-475, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1568-2692(08)80033-2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"463","endPage":"475","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242476,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f46ae4b0c8380cd4bd00","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Kusuda, T.","contributorId":196747,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kusuda","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":536665,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yamanishi, H.","contributorId":196748,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yamanishi","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711414,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spearman, J.","contributorId":196749,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spearman","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711415,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gailani, J. Z.","contributorId":196750,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gailani","given":"J. Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711416,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Schoellhamer, D. H. 0000-0001-9488-7340","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":85624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"D. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ganju, N. K. 0000-0002-1096-0465","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1096-0465","contributorId":64782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ganju","given":"N. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mineart, P. R.","contributorId":11430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mineart","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lionberger, M. A.","contributorId":96494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lionberger","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032980,"text":"70032980 - 2008 - A fully distributed implementation of mean annual streamflow regional regression equations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T12:49:45","indexId":"70032980","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A fully distributed implementation of mean annual streamflow regional regression equations","docAbstract":"<p><span>Estimates of mean annual streamflow are needed for a variety of hydrologic assessments. Away from gage locations, regional regression equations that are a function of upstream area, precipitation, and temperature are commonly used. Geographic information systems technology has facilitated their use for projects, but traditional approaches using the polygon overlay operator have been too inefficient for national scale applications. As an alternative, the Elevation Derivatives for National Applications (EDNA) database was used as a framework for a fully distributed implementation of mean annual streamflow regional regression equations. The raster “flow accumulation” operator was used to efficiently achieve spatially continuous parameterization of the equations for every 30&nbsp;m grid cell of the conterminous United States (U.S.). Results were confirmed by comparing with measured flows at stations of the Hydro-Climatic Data Network, and their applications value demonstrated in the development of a national geospatial hydropower assessment. Interactive tools at the EDNA website make possible the fast and efficient query of mean annual streamflow for any location in the conterminous U.S., providing a valuable complement to other national initiatives (StreamStats and the National Hydrography Dataset Plus).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00258.x","issn":"10934","usgsCitation":"Verdin, K., and Worstell, B., 2008, A fully distributed implementation of mean annual streamflow regional regression equations: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 44, no. 6, p. 1537-1547, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00258.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1537","endPage":"1547","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240708,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213116,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00258.x"}],"volume":"44","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e3e4e4b0c8380cd462aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verdin, K.L.","contributorId":66438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Worstell, B. 0000-0001-8927-3336","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8927-3336","contributorId":92059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Worstell","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70032186,"text":"70032186 - 2008 - Seasonal changes in submarine groundwater discharge to coastal salt ponds estimated using 226Ra and 228Ra as tracers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:25","indexId":"70032186","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2662,"text":"Marine Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal changes in submarine groundwater discharge to coastal salt ponds estimated using 226Ra and 228Ra as tracers","docAbstract":"Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) to coastal southern Rhode Island was estimated from measurements of the naturally-occurring radioisotopes 226Ra (t1/2 = 1600??y) and 228Ra (t1/2 = 5.75??y). Surface water and porewater samples were collected quarterly in Winnapaug, Quonochontaug, Ninigret, Green Hill, and Pt. Judith-Potter Ponds, as well as nearly monthly in the surface water of Rhode Island Sound, from January 2002 to August 2003; additional porewater samples were collected in August 2005. Surface water activities ranged from 12-83??dpm 100??L- 1 (60??dpm = 1??Bq) and 21-256??dpm 100??L- 1 for 226Ra and 228Ra, respectively. Porewater 226Ra activities ranged from 16-736??dpm 100??L- 1 (2002-2003) and 95-815??dpm 100??L- 1 (2005), while porewater 228Ra activities ranged from 23-1265??dpm 100??L- 1. Combining these data with a simple box model provided average 226Ra-based submarine groundwater fluxes ranging from 11-159??L m- 2 d- 1 and average 228Ra-derived fluxes of 15-259??L m- 2 d- 1. Seasonal changes in Ra-derived SGD were apparent in all ponds as well as between ponds, with SGD values of 30-472??L m- 2 d- 1 (Winnapaug Pond), 6-20??L m- 2 d- 1 (Quonochontaug Pond), 36-273??L m- 2 d- 1 (Ninigret Pond), 29-76??L m- 2 d- 1 (Green Hill Pond), and 19-83??L m- 2 d- 1 (Pt. Judith-Potter Pond). These Ra-derived fluxes are up to two orders of magnitude higher than results predicted by a numerical model of groundwater flow, estimates of aquifer recharge for the study period, and values published in previous Ra-based SGD studies in Rhode Island. This disparity may result from differences in the type of flow (recirculated seawater versus fresh groundwater) determined using each technique, as well as variability in porewater Ra activity. ?? 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.marchem.2007.08.001","issn":"03044203","usgsCitation":"Hougham, A., Moran, S., Masterson, J., and Kelly, R., 2008, Seasonal changes in submarine groundwater discharge to coastal salt ponds estimated using 226Ra and 228Ra as tracers: Marine Chemistry, v. 109, no. 3-4, p. 268-278, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2007.08.001.","startPage":"268","endPage":"278","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214725,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2007.08.001"},{"id":242475,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"109","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8885e4b08c986b3169f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hougham, A.L.","contributorId":61254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hougham","given":"A.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moran, S.B.","contributorId":7928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Masterson, John P. 0000-0003-3202-4413","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3202-4413","contributorId":102516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masterson","given":"John P.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":434939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kelly, R.P.","contributorId":80502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033195,"text":"70033195 - 2008 - Ichthyoplankton assemblages of coastal west-central Lake Erie and associated habitat characteristics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033195","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ichthyoplankton assemblages of coastal west-central Lake Erie and associated habitat characteristics","docAbstract":"Early life stage survival often determines fish cohort strength and that survival is affected by habitat conditions. The structure and dynamics of ichthyoplankton assemblages can tell us much about biodiversity and fish population dynamics, but are poorly understood in nearshore areas of the Great Lakes, where most spawning and nursery habitats exist. Ichthyoplankton samples were collected with a neuston net in waters 2-13 m deep weekly or biweekly from mid-April through August, during 3 years (2000-2002) as part of a study of fish assemblages in west-central Lake Erie. A suite of abiotic variables was simultaneously measured to characterize habitat. Cluster and ordination analyses revealed several distinct ichthyoplankton assemblages that changed seasonally. A lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) dominated assemblage appeared first in April. In May, assemblages were dominated by several percid species. Summer assemblages were overwhelmingly dominated by emerald shiner (Notropis atherinoides), with large gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) and alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) components. This seasonal trend in species assemblages was also associated with increasing temperature and water clarity. Water depth and drift processes may also play a role in structuring these assemblages. The most common and widely distributed assemblages were not associated with substratum type, which we characterized as either hard or soft. The timing of hatch and larval growth separated the major groups in time and may have adaptive significance for the members of each major assemblage. The quality and locations (with reference to lake circulation) of spawning and nursery grounds may determine larval success and affect year class strength.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3394/0380-1330-34.4.755","issn":"03801","usgsCitation":"McKenna, J., Hunter, R.D., Fabrizio, M., Savino, J., Todd, T.N., and Bur, M., 2008, Ichthyoplankton assemblages of coastal west-central Lake Erie and associated habitat characteristics: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 34, no. 4, p. 755-769, https://doi.org/10.3394/0380-1330-34.4.755.","startPage":"755","endPage":"769","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213281,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3394/0380-1330-34.4.755"},{"id":240891,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3803e4b0c8380cd6138a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKenna, J.E. Jr.","contributorId":106065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenna","given":"J.E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunter, R. Douglas","contributorId":49183,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hunter","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Douglas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fabrizio, M.C.","contributorId":53737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fabrizio","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Savino, J.F.","contributorId":69337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savino","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Todd, T. N.","contributorId":13931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todd","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":439774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bur, M.","contributorId":51989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bur","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70032976,"text":"70032976 - 2008 - Reply to Comments by Kelletat (2008) comments to Dawson, A.G. and Stewart, I. (2007) tsunami deposits in the geological record [Sedimentary Geology, 200, 166-183]","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:21","indexId":"70032976","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3368,"text":"Sedimentary Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reply to Comments by Kelletat (2008) comments to Dawson, A.G. and Stewart, I. (2007) tsunami deposits in the geological record [Sedimentary Geology, 200, 166-183]","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sedimentary Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.sedgeo.2008.09.004","issn":"00370","usgsCitation":"Dawson, A., Stewart, I., Morton, R., Richmond, B.M., Jaffe, B.E., and Gelfenbaum, G., 2008, Reply to Comments by Kelletat (2008) comments to Dawson, A.G. and Stewart, I. (2007) tsunami deposits in the geological record [Sedimentary Geology, 200, 166-183]: Sedimentary Geology, v. 211, no. 3-4, p. 92-93, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2008.09.004.","startPage":"92","endPage":"93","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213548,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2008.09.004"},{"id":241182,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"211","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa762e4b0c8380cd853ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dawson, A.G.","contributorId":107939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, I.","contributorId":31991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morton, R.A.","contributorId":53849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Richmond, B. M.","contributorId":67902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jaffe, B. E.","contributorId":88327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gelfenbaum, G.","contributorId":72429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelfenbaum","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70033415,"text":"70033415 - 2008 - Biomorphodynamics: Physical-biological feedbacks that shape landscapes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70033415","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biomorphodynamics: Physical-biological feedbacks that shape landscapes","docAbstract":"Plants and animals affect morphological evolution in many environments. The term \"ecogeomorphology\" describes studies that address such effects. In this opinion article we use the term \"biomorphodynamics\" to characterize a subset of ecogeomorphologic studies: those that investigate not only the effects of organisms on physical processes and morphology but also how the biological processes depend on morphology and physical forcing. The two-way coupling precipitates feedbacks, leading to interesting modes of behavior, much like the coupling between flow/sediment transport and morphology leads to rich morphodynamic behaviors. Select examples illustrate how even the basic aspects of some systems cannot be understood without considering biomorphodynamic coupling. Prominent examples include the dynamic interactions between vegetation and flow/sediment transport that can determine river channel patterns and the multifaceted biomorphodynamic feedbacks shaping tidal marshes and channel networks. These examples suggest that the effects of morphology and physical processes on biology tend to operate over the timescale of the evolution of the morphological pattern. Thus, in field studies, which represent a snapshot in the pattern evolution, these effects are often not as obvious as the effects of biology on physical processes. However, numerical modeling indicates that the influences on biology from physical processes can play a key role in shaping landscapes and that even local and temporary vegetation disturbances can steer large-scale, long-term landscape evolution. The prevalence of biomorphodynamic research is burgeoning in recent years, driven by societal need and a confluence of complex systems-inspired modeling approaches in ecology and geomorphology. To make fundamental progress in understanding the dynamics of many landscapes, our community needs to increasingly learn to look for two-way, biomorphodynamic feedbacks and to collect new types of data to support the modeling of such emergent interactions. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2007WR006410","issn":"00431","usgsCitation":"Murray, A., Knaapen, M., Tal, M., and Kirwan, M.L., 2008, Biomorphodynamics: Physical-biological feedbacks that shape landscapes: Water Resources Research, v. 44, no. 11, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006410.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487782,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007wr006410","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213260,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006410"},{"id":240867,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-11-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f192e4b0c8380cd4acef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murray, A.B.","contributorId":12598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knaapen, M.A.F.","contributorId":95692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knaapen","given":"M.A.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tal, M.","contributorId":19374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tal","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kirwan, M. L.","contributorId":74094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirwan","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030414,"text":"70030414 - 2008 - Demographic analysis of Lost River sucker and shortnose sucker populations in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:03","indexId":"70030414","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Demographic analysis of Lost River sucker and shortnose sucker populations in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon","docAbstract":"We used 13 years (1995-2007) of capture-mark-recapture data to assess population dynamics of endangered Lost River suckers Deltistes luxatus and shortnose suckers Chasmistes brevirostris in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon. The Cormack-Jolly-Seber method was used to estimate survival, and information theoretic modeling was used to assess variation due to time, gender, species, and spawning subpopulations. Length data were used to detect multiple year-class failures and events of high recruitment into adult spawning populations. Average annual survival probability was 0.88 for Lost River suckers and 0.76 for shortnose suckers. Mean life span estimates based on these survival rates indicated that Lost River suckers survived long enough on average to attempt reproduction eight times, whereas shortnose suckers only survived to spawn three to four times. Shortnose sucker survival was not only poor in years of fish kills (1995-1997) but also was low in years without fish kills (i.e., 2002 and 2004). This suggests that high mortality occurs in some years but is not necessarily associated with fish kills. Annual survival probabilities were not only different between the two species but also differed between two spawning subpopulations of Lost River suckers. Length composition data indicated that recruitment into spawning populations only occurred intermittently. Populations of both species transitioned from primarily old individuals with little size diversity and consistently poor recruitment in the late 1980s and early 1990s to mostly small, recruit-sized fish by the late 1990s. A better understanding of the factors influencing adult survival and recruitment into spawning populations is needed. Monitoring these vital parameters will provide a quantitative means to evaluate population status and assess the effectiveness of conservation and recovery efforts.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/T06-235.1","issn":"00028","usgsCitation":"Janney, E., Shively, R., Hayes, B., Barry, P., and Perkins, D., 2008, Demographic analysis of Lost River sucker and shortnose sucker populations in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 137, no. 6, p. 1812-1825, https://doi.org/10.1577/T06-235.1.","startPage":"1812","endPage":"1825","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211834,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T06-235.1"},{"id":239204,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"137","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe7de4b0c8380cd4ed5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Janney, E.C.","contributorId":43955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janney","given":"E.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shively, R.S.","contributorId":79642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shively","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hayes, B.S.","contributorId":34721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"B.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barry, P.M.","contributorId":31574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barry","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Perkins, D.","contributorId":83589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
]}